1063:
511:
3418:
537:
2563:
1976:
38:
853:
Since the late 1990s, research has been done that shines light on the ties between
Papiamento and Upper Guinea Portuguese Creole. Martinus (1996), Quint (2000) and Jacobs (2008, 2009a, 2009b) focus specifically on the linguistic and historical relationships with the Upper Guinea Portuguese Creole, as
1226:
The most apparent difference between the two dialects is given away in the name difference. Whereas
Bonaire and Curaçao opted for a phonology-based spelling, Aruba uses an etymology-based spelling. Many words in Aruba end with "o" while the same word ends with "u" in Bonaire and Curaçao. And even in
988:
The
Papiamento language originates from about 1650. The oldest Papiamento texts that have been preserved are written letters. In the following three letters it can be seen that the words changed and the spelling became closer to the Dutch spelling. Although some words are no longer in use, the basis
876:
On Curaçao, this variety underwent internal changes as well as contact-induced changes at all levels of the grammar, but particularly in the lexicon, due to contact with
Spanish and, to a lesser extent, Dutch. Despite the changes, the morphosyntactic framework of Papiamento is still remarkably close
844:
Guene (the name comes from "Guinea") was a secret language that was used by slaves on the plantations of the landhouses of West Curaçao. There were about a hundred Guene songs that were sung to make the work lighter. However, because of the secret character of Guene, it never had much influence on
684:
Another theory is that
Papiamento first evolved from the use in the region since 1499 of 'lenguas' and the first repopulation of the ABC Islands by the Spanish by the Cédula real decreed in November 1525 in which Juan Martinez de Ampués, factor of Española, had been granted the right to repopulate
719:
was brought to the island of Curaçao, where it gradually spread to other parts of the community. The Jewish community became the prime merchants and traders in the area and so business and everyday trading was conducted in
Papiamento. While various nations owned the island, and official languages
1991:
Most of the vocabulary is derived from
Portuguese and derived Portuguese-based creoles and (Early Modern) Spanish. The real origin is usually difficult to tell because the two Iberian languages are very similar, and adaptations were made in Papiamento. A list of 200 basic Papiamento words can be
688:
The evolution of
Papiamento continued under the Dutch colonisation under the influence of 16th-century Dutch, Portuguese (Brazilian) and Native American languages (Arawak and Taíno), with the second repopulation of the ABC islands with immigrants who arrived from the ex-Dutch Brazilian colonies.
1324:
Certain features in rural areas of the islands have been noted in the past, although it is likely many of these features have either disappeared over time or are used by few speakers today. For example, certain rural areas of Aruba and Curaçao featured the guttural R instead of the rolled R (a
723:
When the
Netherlands opened economic ties with Spanish colonies in what are now Venezuela and Colombia in the 18th century students on Curaçao, Aruba, and Bonaire were taught predominantly in Spanish, and Spanish began to influence the creole language. Since there was a continuous Latinisation
769:(from São Tomé). The sister languages bear strong resemblance with Papiamento. According to this theory, Papiamento was derived from one or more of these older creoles or their predecessors, which were brought to the ABC islands by slaves and traders from Cape Verde and West Africa.
3742:
Jacobs, Bart (2009b) "The
Origins of Old Portuguese Features in Papiamento." In: Faraclas, Nicholas; Severing, Ronald; Weijer, Christa; Echteld, Liesbeth (eds.). "Leeward voices: Fresh perspectives on Papiamento and the literatures and cultures of the ABC Islands", 11–38. FPI/UNA,
645:
and Spanish population to the continent (mostly to the Venezuelan west coast and the Venezuelan plains, as well as all the way east to the Venezuela Orinoco basin and Trinidad), and turned them into the hub of the Dutch slave trade between Africa and the Caribbean.
564:
are far less than those shared with Spanish, even though the Spanish and Dutch influences occurred later, from the 17th century onwards. In 1978, Jacoba Bouscholte conducted a study on the various Dutch influences in Papiamento. An example of a hybrid word is
953:
Many immigrants from Latin America and the Caribbean choose to learn Papiamento because it is more practical in daily life on the islands. For Spanish-speakers, it is easier to learn than Dutch, because Papiamento uses many Spanish and Portuguese words.
2011:
Arawak origin, mostly words for plants and animals. Arawak is an extinct language that was spoken by Indians throughout the Caribbean. The Arawak words were re-introduced in Papiamento by borrowing from the Spanish dialect of Venezuela
1092:
Adjoos mie papa, bieda die mi Courasson. Djoos naa boo saloer, pa mie i pa mie mama. Mie groot mama ta manda koemenda boo moetje moetje. Mie ta bo joego Doeje toe na mortoo. Dit heeft uw Jantje geschreeven, nogmals adjoos, vart wel.
1058:
The next letter dates from 1783 and was recently discovered in an English archive. It was sent by Anna Charje in the name of her baby Jantje Boufet to her husband Dirk Schermer in Rotterdam. (The final sentence is standard Dutch.)
3608:
1089:
Mi papa, bieda die mi Courasson, bieni prees toe seeka bo joego doesje. Mi mama ta warda boo, mie jora toer dieja pa mie papa. Coemda Mie groot mama pa mie, ie mie tante nan toer. Papa doesje, treese oen boenieta sonbreer pa boo
1900:
There are general rules for the stress and accent but also a great many exceptions. When a word deviates from the rules, the stressed vowel is indicated by an acute accent ( ´ ), but it is often omitted in casual writing.
649:
The first evidence of widespread use of Papiamento in Aruba and Curaçao can be seen in official documents in the early 18th century. In the 19th century, most materials in the islands were written in Papiamento including
1996:, with etymological reference to the language of origin. There is a remarkable similarity between words in Papiamento, Cape Verdean Creole, and Guinea-Bissau Creole, which all belong to the same language family of the
1198:
Since the 1970s, two different orthographies have been developed and adopted. In 1976, Curaçao and Bonaire officially adopted the Römer-Maduro-Jonis version, a phonetic spelling. In 1977, Aruba approved a more
1108:
My father, life of my heart, come quickly close to your sweet son. My mother awaits you, I cry all day for my father. Greet my grandmother for me, and all my aunts. Dear father, bring a nice hat for your
1041:
I was in Pietermaai until the time you came. I met uncle there, and Sara halfway. They were coming to Punda. My sweetheart, your father sent your brother Aronchy, and Tony and Merka went on their way to
724:
process (Hoetink, 1987), even the elite Dutch-Protestant settlers eventually communicated better in Spanish than in Dutch, as a wealth of local Spanish-language publications in the 19th century testify.
1098:
Mi papa, bida di mi kurason, bini lihé serka bo yu dushi. Mi mama ta warda bo, mi ta yora tur dia pa mi papa. Kumindá mi wela pa mi, i mi tantanan tur. Papa dushi, trese un bunita sombré pa bo Jantje.
950:
from Spanish, Dutch and English among native speakers is common. This is considered as a threat to the development of the language because of the loss of the authentic and Creole "feel" of Papiamento.
699:, causing most Portuguese-speaking Jews and their Portuguese-speaking Dutch allies and Dutch-speaking Portuguese Brazilian allies in those lands to flee from religious persecution. The precise role of
1032:
Mi tabata na Pietermaai te ora ku boso a bini. Mi a topa tio aya, ku Sara meimei. Nan tabata bini na Punda. Mi dushi, bo pai a manda bo ruman Aronchy, ku Tony i Merka kohe na kaminda di Pietermaai.
707:
certainly played a prominent role in the later development of Papiamento. Many early residents of Curaçao were Sephardic Jews from Portugal, Spain, Cape Verde or Portuguese Brazil. Also, after the
1044:
That negress Antunika... they brought her behind the fort, sent to be whipped at the divi-divi tree. But I don't know for what reason. If you know, send me a message, and my God will reward you.
3632:
865:
offshoot of an early Upper Guinea Portuguese Creole variety that was transferred from Senegambia to Curaçao in the second half of the 17th century, when the Dutch controlled the island of
1129:(written testimony for use in a court of law as evidence) signed by 26 Aruban farm workers to support their supervisor Pieter Specht against false accusations by landowner B.G. Quant.
304:
732:
According to the European and African origin theory the origins of Papiamento lie in the Afro-Portuguese creoles that arose in the 16th century in the west coast of Africa and in the
4016:
Kook, Hetty; Narain, Goretti (1993). "Papiamento". In: Extra, Guus; Verhoeven, Ludo (eds.), "Community Languages in the Netherlands" (pp. 69–91). Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam.
1023:
Piter May the ora ky boso a biny. My a topa tio la, ku Sara meme. Nan taba biny Punta. My Dusie, bo pay a manda bo ruman Aronchy, ku Tony & Merca koge na kamina dy Piter May.
2986:
This section provides a comparison of the vocabularies of Papiamento, Portuguese, and the Portuguese creoles of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde. Spanish is shown for the contrast.
490:, it is difficult to pinpoint the exact origin of some words. Though there are different theories about its origins, most linguists now believe that Papiamento emerged from the
5326:
629:
Spain claimed dominion over the islands in the 15th century but made little use of them. Portuguese merchants had been trading extensively in the West Indies and with the
1227:
Curaçao, the use of the u-ending is still more pronounced among the Sephardic Jewish population. Similarly, the use of "k" in Bonaire and Curaçao replaces "c" in Aruba.
1034:
E negrita Antunika... nan a hib'é tras di fòrti, i nan a manda sut'é na e watapana. Pero mi no sabi pa ki rason. Si bo sabi, manda palabra, ku mi Dios ta bai pagabo.
544:
There are various theories about the origin and development of the Papiamento language, and precise history has not been established. Its parent language is surely
4852:
1111:
Goodbye my father, life of my heart. May God give you health, from me and from my mother. Send my grandmother many many greetings. I am your sweet son until death.
2169:
Few Portuguese words come directly from Portuguese, but most come via the Portuguese-based creole; in the examples below, the Cape Verdean Creole equivalents are
920:. Also, 150,000 Antillians (mostly from Curaçao) live in the Netherlands and speak their mother language, Papiamento, fluently. Some Papiamento is also spoken on
1646:, two vowels in a single syllable that form one sound. Papiamento diphthongs are based on Ibero-Romance and Dutch diphthongs. It has the following diphthongs:
4482:
3545:
1025:
Es nigrita Antunyca & nan a ybel tras dy forty, & nan a manda sutel guatapana. Mas my no saby pa ky razon. Sy bo saby, manda gabla, ku my Dios pagabo.
1151:
Noos ta firma por la berdad, y para serbir na teenpoe qui lo llega die moosteer. Qui des die teempoe koe Señor B.G. Quant ta poner, na serbisje die tera...
4289:
4091:
3752:
Dewulf, Jeroen (2018). "From Papiamentu to Afro-Catholic Brotherhoods: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Iberian Elements in Curaçaoan Popular Culture,"
3433:
4415:
1153:
Ta maltrata noos comandeur Pieter Specht pa toer soorto die koos. Y seemper el dho Quant ta precura die entreponeel deen toer gobierno die comandeur.
962:
84:
4232:
4110:
2007:
origin, 20% are of Dutch origin, and some of Native American or African origin. A study by Van Buurt and Joubert inventoried the words of Taíno and
1171:
He always mistreated our commander Pieter Specht for all sort of things. And always mister Quant interfered with all instructions of the commander.
1169:
We sign for the truth and to serve the coming time if necessary. About our time with B.G. Quant we declare, we were employed in land cultivation...
877:
to that of the Upper Guinea Creoles of Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau. Parallels have also been identified between the development of Papiamento and
3899:
4280:
1101:
Ayó mi papa, bida di mi kurason. Dios duna bo salú, pa mi i pa mi mama. Mi wela ta manda kumindá bo muchu muchu. Mi ta bo yu dushi te na morto.
1162:
Ta maltrata nos commandeur Pieter Specht pa tur sorto di cos. Y semper el señor Quandt ta percura di entremete den tur gobierno di commandeur.
5505:
4400:
4025:
Maurer, Philippe (1990). "Die Verschriftung des Papiamento". In "Zum Stand der Kodifizierung romanischer Kleinsprachen". Gunter Narr Verlag.
1160:
Nos ta firma pa e berdad y pa sirbi den e tempo aki lo yega di mester. Cu di e tempo e cu señor B.G. Quant ta pone, na servicio di e tera...
4845:
4631:
3793:
3480:
5520:
5515:
4475:
3767:
2116:. Also, a sound shift may have occurred in the direction of Spanish, whose influence on Papiamento came later than that of Portuguese:
3495:
4838:
3962:
Jacobs, Bart; van der Wal, Marijke J. (2015). "The Discovery, Nature, and Implications of a Papiamentu Text Fragment from 1783".
913:
5014:
4468:
4357:
3777:
3464:
4405:
487:
692:
The Judaeo-Portuguese population of the ABC islands increased substantially after 1654, when the Portuguese recovered the
17:
1325:
feature common in French) or omitted the letter S at the end of words (a feature common in Caribbean Spanish dialects).
1223:(Papiamentu), with lexical and intonational differences. There are also minor differences between Curaçao and Bonaire.
4395:
4332:
Van Putte, Florimon; Van Putte-De Wind, Igma (2005). "Groot Woordenboek Papiaments Nederlands". Walburg Press, Zutphen
5067:
4640:
4424:
3555:
3367:
1997:
677:
One local development theory proposes that Papiamento developed in the Caribbean from an original Portuguese-African
549:
491:
160:
3872:
4908:
4624:
3572:
436:
4439:
1856:
Stress is very important in Papiamento. Many words have a very different meaning when a different stress is used:
980:
in Amsterdam on 1 July 2013, commemorating the 150th anniversary of the ending of slavery in the Dutch Caribbean.
753:) in those regions. Around those ports, several Portuguese-African pidgin and creole languages developed, such as
736:
islands. From the 16th to the late 17th centuries, most of the slaves taken to the Caribbean came from Portuguese
1657:
1353:
515:
5033:
4861:
1908:
When a noun ends in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u), the stress is placed upon the penultimate (before last) syllable:
772:
The similarity between Papiamento and the other Afro-Portuguese creoles can be seen in the same pronouns used,
553:
444:
1062:
294:
3372:
1203:-based spelling, presented by the Comision di Ortografia (Orthography Commission), presided by Jossy Mansur.
165:
247:
4735:
4491:
4412:
4377:
Blankenburg, Eleanor (1986). "Basic Papiamentu Grammar for English Speakers". Blankenburg Edition, Bonaire.
5228:
2157:
2141:
2109:
2105:
2097:
1830:
1810:
1790:
1770:
1750:
1730:
1710:
1690:
1670:
1611:
1581:
1551:
1521:
1491:
1461:
1431:
1401:
1371:
838:
802:, being Portuguese-based. Afro-Portuguese creoles often have a shift from "v" to "b" and from "o" to "u":
5510:
4617:
2520:
4511:
3847:
3677:
Quint, Nicolas (2000). "Le Cap Verdien: Origines et Devenir d'une Langue Métisse," L’Harmattan, Paris.
2015:
Many words are of Iberian origin, and it is impossible to label them as either Portuguese or Spanish:
2003:
Linguistic studies have shown that roughly 80% of the words in Papiamento's present vocabulary are of
5209:
4714:
4708:
3417:
4956:
4757:
4730:
4725:
4449:
4001:
3524:
638:
288:
63:
4323:(1991). "Dictionary English-Papiamento Papiamento-English". Edicionnan Clasico Diario, Oranjestad.
1001:
Abraham Andrade to his mistress Sarah Vaz Parro, about a family meeting in the centre of Curaçao.
658:
was printed, the first printed book in Papiamento. In 2009 the Catecismo Corticu was added to the
4830:
4751:
4700:
3668:
Martinus, Efraim Frank (1996). A Kiss of the Slave: Papiamento and its West African Connections.
1216:
556:. Historical constraints, core vocabulary, and grammatical features that Papiamento shares with
510:
5006:
4719:
4290:"Papiamentu, Cultural Resistance, and Socio-Cultural Challenges: The ABC Islands in a Nutshell"
1186:
737:
545:
200:
80:
4191:
Jacobs, Bart (2009). "The Origins of Old Portuguese Features in Papiamento". FPI/UNA, Curaçao.
925:
4885:
4516:
2786:
917:
733:
5050:
4941:
4659:
4567:
4353:
Banko di Palabra – basic dictionary, based on the Unesco sponsored Papiamento spell checker
4329:
Joubert, Sidney (2007). "Handwoordenboek Papiaments-Nederlands". Joubert Press, Willemstad.
3830:
Artikel 2: De officiële talen zijn het Engels, het Nederlands en het Papiamento. (English:
3801:
3010:
1220:
909:
873:. The Creole was used for communication among slaves and between slaves and slave holders.
758:
708:
561:
519:
499:
4081:
Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2010). "Diccionario de Americanismos". Lima
2008:
1046:
My Life, send me a word what Becky came looking for in Punda, and then return as quickly.
8:
5500:
5242:
5045:
4969:
4946:
4819:
4654:
4598:
4557:
4547:
3015:
3005:
754:
662:
634:
557:
495:
475:
5115:
1036:
Mi Bida, manda palabra ku mi, kiko Becky a bini buska na Punda, i bolbe bai asina lihé.
1027:
Bida, manda gabla ku my, kico Bechy a biny busca na Punta & borbe bay asina presto.
5286:
5277:
5260:
5203:
5148:
5142:
4996:
4984:
4974:
4936:
4890:
4768:
4690:
4572:
4454:
4335:
Kramer, Johannes (2015). "Etymologische Studien zum Papiamento". Buske Verlag, Hamburg.
4301:
4274:
4244:
3529:
3382:
2790:
1342:
are based on Ibero-Romance and Dutch vowels. Papiamento has the following nine vowels:
1212:
967:
935:
483:
93:
4391:
Papiamento.aw, the Papiamento-language website of the Aruba government (in Papiamento)
4134:
548:, but scholars dispute whether Papiamento was derived from Portuguese and its derived
280:
5296:
5255:
5176:
5109:
4931:
4918:
4813:
4774:
4763:
4680:
4552:
4339:
4326:
Ratzlaff, Betty (2008). "Papiamento-Ingles, Dikshonario Bilingual". TWR Jong Bonaire.
3953:
3773:
3551:
3460:
3387:
3356:
2113:
2112:, descends from its pronunciation in the dialects of northern Portugal as well as of
2004:
947:
848:
716:
5190:
5039:
5019:
4609:
3823:
1948:
When a verb has more than two syllables, the stress is laid upon the last syllable:
581:(used for a person who performs an action, like 'painter'). The transformation from
478:(as spoken in the 15th and 16th centuries), and has been influenced considerably by
5342:
5291:
5222:
5085:
5075:
4979:
4964:
4880:
4865:
4582:
4178:
4170:
3979:
3971:
3932:
3723:
3715:
3588:
3578:
3020:
2992:
2778:
2768:(Just before dawn, the night is darkest): When need is greatest, salvation is near.
2550:
2540:
2516:
2101:
939:
916:
on 10 October 2010, Papiamento's official status was confirmed in the newly formed
762:
622:
616:
378:
324:
5374:
720:
changed with ownership, Papiamento became the constant language of the residents.
5321:
5162:
5096:
5090:
5057:
4895:
4791:
4577:
4562:
4419:
4258:
The Missing Spanish Creoles: Recovering the Birth of Plantation Contact Languages
3362:
2568:
977:
696:
610:
536:
440:
152:
133:
4413:
Curaçao and Bonaire Papiamentu official wordlist and orthography (in Papiamentu)
4233:"The Portuguese Language on Curaçao and Its Role in the Formation of Papiamentu"
854:
spoken on the Santiago island of Cape Verde and in Guinea-Bissau and Casamance.
633:
between Portugal and Spain during 1580–1640 period, their trade extended to the
5364:
5354:
5080:
4675:
4537:
4505:
4460:
3955:
The Discovery, Nature, and Implications of a Papiamentu Text Fragment from 1783
3633:
Dede pikiña ku su bisiña: Papiamentu-Nederlands en de onverwerkt verleden tijd.
2760:(He wants to fly with wings of butter): He wants to do more than he can handle.
2525:
943:
862:
766:
700:
685:
the depopulated Islas inútiles of Oroba, Islas de los Gigantes, and Buon Aire.
651:
642:
479:
431:
423:
189:
4044:
3937:
2562:
1921:
When a noun ends in a consonant, the stress is placed upon the last syllable:
665:
register. The first Papiamento newspaper was published in 1871 and was called
5494:
5479:
4926:
4380:
Frans-Muller, Xiomara (2017). "Papia Papiamentu ku mi". Expert book, Bonaire.
3647:
On the Development of Nominal and Verbal Morphology in Four Lusophone Creoles
3405:
998:
630:
53:
4990:
4159:"The Upper Guinea origins of Papiamentu: Linguistic and historical evidence"
3975:
3704:"The Upper Guinea origins of Papiamentu: Linguistic and historical evidence"
641:(WIC) took possession of the islands, deporting most of the small remaining
5415:
5129:
4685:
4444:
4374:
Goilo, Enrique R. (2000). "Papiamentu Textbook". De Wit Stores, Oranjestad.
4320:
4226:. Vol. 1: Theory and Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4174:
4034:
Goilo, Enrique R. (2000). "Papiamento Textbook". De Wit Stores, Oranjestad.
3719:
2545:
1993:
1192:
921:
693:
196:
73:
4341:
GUIA para los españoles hablar papiamento y viceversa: Para que los de ...
264:
5380:
3377:
1933:
When a verb has two syllables, the syllables are about equally stressed:
878:
602:
529:
5466:
4305:
4248:
4118:(in Papiamento). Komishon Liturgiko Diosesano di Obispado di Willemstad.
3928:
Identity via Papiamentu: From Marginalization to Language of Instruction
5395:
4445:
Papiamentu tur dia – A blog for English-speaking students of Papiamento
4346:
3900:"Katibu di Shon is an Unmistakable Enrichment of Our Cultural Heritage"
3649:. Seminar presentation given 6 November 2009, University of Pittsburgh.
3583:
3410:
1155:
Por ees motibo, noos ta esprimenta koe eel ta causa die toer disunion.
308:
Location map of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao, where Papiamento is spoken
3984:
3593:
912:, Papiamento was made an official language on 7 March 2007. After the
894:
456:
226:
5446:
5405:
5388:
4183:
3728:
2744:(That is where the pig's tail curls): That is where the problem lies.
1643:
1200:
1126:
929:
712:
303:
273:
257:
239:
5312:
3926:
5452:
5302:
4390:
4352:
4197:
Origins of a Creole: The History of Papiamentu and Its African Ties
4092:"films in focus: abo so and red, white and black: a sports odyssey"
3832:
Article 2: The official languages are English, Dutch and Papiamento
3769:
Creoles in Education: An Appraisal of Current Programs and Projects
2000:. Most of the words can be connected with their Portuguese origin.
4860:
4349:(1992). "Dikshonario Erotiko Papiamentu". Scherpenheuvel, Curaçao.
4158:
4145:
3703:
866:
849:
Linguistic and historical ties with Upper Guinea Portuguese Creole
681:, with later Dutch and Spanish (and even some Arawak) influences.
5359:
5348:
3434:"Invoeringswet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba"
2782:
1975:
898:
870:
452:
222:
4362:
620:("to chat, say, speak, talk"), added by the noun-forming suffix
540:
Catecismo Corticu – the first printed book in Papiamento in 1837
4542:
4401:
Aruba Papiamento spelling and orthography rules (in Papiamento)
2534:
1980:
1339:
1164:
Pa e motibo, nos ta experencia cu el ta causa di tur desunion.
678:
659:
3525:"Willemstad Journal: A Language Thrives in Its Caribbean Home"
3496:"From West Africa to the Antilles, Dynamic Portuguese Creoles"
3430:
Papiamento can be used in relations with the Dutch government.
4267:
Stemmen uit het Verleden: Indiaanse Woorden in het Papiamento
958:
905:
890:
530:
Do not do unto others what you do not want others do unto you
494:
of the West African coasts, as it has many similarities with
448:
414:
387:
333:
218:
4063:
1173:
For that reason, we declare that he caused all the discord.
829:
are pronounced the same. In creole, it is also written as a
4434:
4112:
Ritual di selebrashonnan liturgiko pa e aña di miserikordia
3766:
Migge, Bettina; Léglise, Isabelle; Bartens, Angela (2010).
3459:(3rd ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited/Longman.
1113:
This is written by your Jantje, once again adios, goodbye.
704:
405:
396:
393:
360:
351:
342:
339:
4206:
The Kiss of a Slave: Papiamento's West-African Connections
4146:"Papiamentu: A Diachronic Analysis of Its Core Morphology"
889:
Papiamento is spoken in all aspects of society throughout
4429:
2904:
Santificado seja o vosso nome. Venha a nós o vosso Reino;
2554:(Curaçao and Netherlands) also contains some Papiamento.
2515:
Aruba and Bonaire's national anthems are in Papiamento, "
1103:
Dit heeft uw Jantje geschreven, nogmaals adios, vaarwel.
4215:
The Story of Papiamentu: A Study in Slavery and Language
4136:
Le cap-verdien: origines et devenir d'une langue métisse
2104:
of some vowels is characteristic of Spanish. The use of
577:(meaning 'paint') and the Portuguese and Spanish suffix
2882:
como también nosotros perdonamos a los que nos ofenden.
2736:(A lot of foam, little chocolate): Too good to be true.
2445:
2419:
997:
The oldest letter dates from 1775. It was sent by the
4639:
3772:. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. p. 268.
3481:"Language and education in The Caribbean Netherlands"
727:
408:
381:
354:
327:
3635:
van Putte, Florimon., 1999. Zutphen: de Walburg Pers
3574:
Certain Aspects of the Dutch Influence on Papiamentu
411:
390:
384:
357:
336:
330:
4108:
3765:
488:
lexical similarities between Portuguese and Spanish
402:
399:
348:
345:
3680:
2885:No nos dejes caer en tentación y líbranos del mal.
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
656:Catecismo Corticu pa uso di catolicanan di Curaçao
4396:Aruba Papiamento language grammar (in Papiamento)
3961:
3951:
3547:Entwisted Tongues: Comparative Creole Literatures
2873:Hágase tu voluntad en la tierra como en el cielo.
79:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
5492:
5430:(Portuguese-based creole with Spanish influence)
4490:
4264:
4069:
4006:(Slide deck) (in Dutch) – via Docplayer.nl
4003:Papiamento: de emancipatie van een creoolse taal
3609:"First Catechism Written in Papiamentu Language"
2763:
2755:
2752:(Quick soup turns salty): Good things take time.
2747:
2739:
2731:
2717:
2711:
2704:
2698:
2691:
2685:
2678:
2672:
2665:
2659:
2652:
2646:
2633:
2626:
2614:
2607:
2595:
2588:
2582:
2496:
2483:
2470:
2457:
2439:
2426:
2413:
2400:
2387:
2379:
2371:
2353:
2340:
2327:
2314:
2296:
2283:
2270:
2257:
2245:
2239:
2232:
2226:
2219:
2213:
2206:
2200:
2161:
2151:
2145:
2135:
2123:
2117:
2088:
2076:
2069:
2057:
2050:
2038:
2031:
2019:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1934:
1922:
1909:
1891:
1882:
1870:
1861:
1837:
1817:
1797:
1777:
1757:
1737:
1717:
1697:
1677:
1628:
1618:
1598:
1588:
1568:
1558:
1538:
1528:
1508:
1498:
1478:
1468:
1448:
1438:
1418:
1408:
1388:
1378:
816:
803:
797:
791:
785:
779:
773:
741:
608:The name of the language itself originates from
588:
566:
525:No hasi ku otro loke bo no ke pa otro hasi ku bo
523:
469:
463:
121:
3659:Paul Brenneker – Curacaoensia (Augustinus 1961)
2922:a quem nos tem ofendido. E não nos deixeis cair
2897:
2814:
861:he defends the hypothesis that Papiamento is a
443:. It is the most widely spoken language on the
4265:van Buurt, Gerard; Joubert, Sidney M. (1997).
2664:(Your mother is very beautiful) – Portuguese:
869:, a slave trading stronghold off the coast of
4846:
4625:
4476:
3577:(MA thesis). University of British Columbia.
2981:
2954:Thy will be done on Earth as it is in Heaven.
2620:
2601:
2302:
2289:
2276:
2263:
2129:
2082:
2063:
2044:
2025:
1120:
833:. Just as in Portuguese, an unaccented final
3697:
3695:
3359:(Papia Kristang, Malaccan Creole Portuguese)
2963:as we forgive those who trespass against us.
2857:
2830:Bo boluntad sea hasi na terra como na shelo.
2765:Ora dia ta serka di habri, nochi ta mas skur
2502:
1206:
904:Papiamento has been an official language of
711:, a group of Sephardic Jews immigrated from
474:in Bonaire and Curaçao, is largely based on
4260:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
4230:
3952:Jacobs, Bart; van der Wal, Marijke (2015).
3873:"First Opera in Papiamentu: Katibu di Shon"
2639:
2489:
2476:
2463:
2432:
2406:
2359:
2346:
2333:
2320:
1180:
672:
582:
572:
4853:
4839:
4632:
4618:
4483:
4469:
4450:"A Language Thrives in Its Caribbean Home"
4287:
4279:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3570:
2576:
1860:When both syllables are equally stressed,
614:, from Portuguese and Cape Verdean Creole
522:, with a message inscribed in Papiamento:
302:
4255:
4182:
3983:
3958:(Proof version) – via ResearchGate.
3936:
3800:(in Dutch). 13 March 2007. Archived from
3754:Studies in Latin American Popular Culture
3727:
3692:
3592:
3582:
2789:, compared with Spanish, Portuguese, and
2510:
1211:Papiamento has two main dialects, one in
1125:The third text dates from 1803. It is an
1053:
703:in the early development is unclear, but
571:, which is a combination of a Dutch root
4231:Joubert, Sidney; Perl, Matthias (2007).
4217:. New York: University Press of America.
4203:
3999:
3644:
3424:
2839:mescos cu nos ta pordona nos debedornan.
2561:
2144:is certainly Portuguese, but the use of
2100:can easily be traced to Portuguese, the
1974:
1333:
1061:
992:
535:
509:
3845:
3701:
3518:
3516:
2677:(During my school years) – Portuguese:
983:
914:dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles
654:school books and hymnals. In 1837, the
14:
5493:
4208:(PhD thesis). University of Amsterdam.
4194:
4156:
4143:
3964:Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages
3686:
3522:
859:The Upper Guinea Origins of Papiamento
27:Creole language in the Dutch Caribbean
4834:
4613:
4464:
4358:Majstro English-Papiamento dictionary
4212:
4132:
4109:Ortega Fernández, José G. (c. 2016).
3924:
3626:
3571:Bouscholte, Jacoba Elisabeth (1978).
3493:
3454:
2913:O pão nosso de cada dia nos dai hoje.
1869:When the first syllable is stressed,
430:
5506:Portuguese-based pidgins and creoles
4363:Glosbe English-Papiamento dictionary
4221:
3897:
3828:(in Dutch) – via Overheid.nl.
3543:
3513:
1851:
715:. Therefore, it can be assumed that
31:
4425:Sorosoro, information on Papiamento
3494:Quint, Nicolas (8 September 2011).
989:of Papiamento did not change much.
809:
747:
694:Dutch-held territories in Northeast
601:due to a linguistic process called
514:Burial site and monument to Doctor
24:
4406:Aruba Papiamento official wordlist
4045:"Appendix:Papiamento Swadesh List"
3825:Tijdelijke wet officiële talen BES
3448:
3399:
2876:Danos hoy nuestro pan de cada día.
728:European and African origin theory
518:, the first prime minister of the
69:for transliterated languages, and
49:of its non-English content, using
25:
5532:
5521:Spanish-based pidgins and creoles
5516:Languages of the African diaspora
4641:Portuguese-based creole languages
4435:Nostisia, newspaper in Papiamento
4384:
4152:: 59–82 – via Academia.edu.
4096:Trinidad and Tobago Film Festival
3368:Portuguese-based creole languages
2969:but deliver us from the evil one.
2957:Give us this day our daily bread,
2781:in a register of Papiamento used
2134:in Spanish. The pronunciation of
2096:While the presence of word-final
884:
821:. In creole and also in Spanish,
550:Portuguese-based creole languages
492:Portuguese-based creole languages
161:Portuguese-based creole languages
4294:Journal of Caribbean Literatures
4237:Journal of Caribbean Literatures
4139:(in French). Paris: L'Harmattan.
3906:. Werkgroep Caraïbische letteren
3457:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
3416:
2966:And lead us not into temptation,
2842:Y no laga nos cai den tentacion,
2833:Duna nos awe nos pan di cada dia
2772:
2680:Na época dos meus anos escolares
1191:Papiamento is written using the
437:Portuguese-based creole language
377:
323:
87:may also be used - notably
36:
4430:Diario, newspaper in Papiamento
4314:
4204:Martinus, Efraim Frank (1996).
4125:
4102:
4084:
4075:
4037:
4028:
4019:
4010:
3993:
3945:
3918:
3891:
3865:
3839:
3816:
3786:
3759:
3746:
3736:
3671:
3662:
3653:
3638:
1878:, it means "eat!" (imperative).
942:are constant influences today.
516:Moises Frumencio da Costa Gomez
3601:
3564:
3537:
3487:
3473:
2901:Pai nosso, que estais nos céus
2725:
2523:" respectively. The newspaper
2453:Native American-origin words:
908:since May 2003. In the former
85:multilingual support templates
13:
1:
5169:Los Llanos Colombia/Venezuela
4452:– Article by Simon Romero in
4440:Bible fragments in Papiamento
3794:"Papiaments officieel erkend"
3523:Romero, Simon (5 July 2010).
3393:
3373:Monogenetic theory of pidgins
2741:Einan e porko su rabo ta krul
2674:Na epoka di mi añanan eskolar
2587:(How are you?) – Portuguese:
1986:
4803:Portuguese lexical influence
4492:Languages of the Netherlands
4070:van Buurt & Joubert 1997
3960:(final version published in
3925:Jones, Addam Amauri (n.d.),
2572:explained in Caribbean style
2205:("butterfly") – Portuguese:
1328:
7:
4338:N.N., Los Editores (1876).
4256:McWhorter, John H. (2000).
3350:
2960:and forgive our trespasses,
2910:assim na terra como no céu.
2907:seja feita a vossa vontade,
2757:E ke bula ku ala di manteka
2557:
2521:Tera di Solo y suave biento
2081:("how much") – Portuguese:
1066:Boo Jantje letter from 1783
10:
5537:
5459:Coastal Argentina, Uruguay
5327:spoken by Catalan speakers
4368:
3645:Baptista, Marlyse (2009).
3114:¿Cómo estás? - ¿Cómo vás?
2982:Comparison of vocabularies
2916:Perdoai as nossas ofensas,
2867:Santificado sea tu nombre.
2827:laga bo Reino bini na nos.
2733:Hopi skuma, tiki chukulati
2600:(How is life?) – Spanish:
2548:in Papiamento; the comedy
2418:("Dutch person") – Bantu:
1970:
1838:
1818:
1798:
1778:
1758:
1738:
1718:
1698:
1678:
1629:
1619:
1599:
1589:
1569:
1559:
1539:
1529:
1509:
1499:
1479:
1469:
1449:
1439:
1419:
1409:
1389:
1379:
1184:
1142:
1137:
1121:Quant Court affidavit 1803
1080:
1075:
1014:
1009:
961:in Papiamento, adapted by
505:
5438:
5335:
5273:
5136:Central western Argentina
5066:
5005:
4955:
4917:
4904:
4873:
4800:
4784:
4744:
4715:Cannanore Indo-Portuguese
4699:
4668:
4647:
4591:
4530:
4498:
3938:10.13140/RG.2.1.3774.7441
3831:
3732:– via Academia.edu.
2879:Perdona nuestras ofensas,
2815:
2544:(Curaçao) were the first
2529:is also in the language.
2196:Portuguese-origin words:
2024:("please") – Portuguese:
1651:
1347:
1305:
1288:
1271:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1235:
1207:Distribution and dialects
432:[ˌpaːpijaːˈmɛnts]
301:
287:
271:
255:
237:
232:
214:Official language in
212:
207:
186:
149:
139:
129:
120:
115:
4726:Daman and Diu Portuguese
4288:Eckkrammer, Eva (2007).
4000:Nicolaas, Quito (2016),
3941:– via Academia.edu
3756:, Vol. 36 (2018): 69–94.
2898:
2858:
2824:bo Nomber sea santifica,
2667:Vossa mãe é muito bonita
2651:(Not yet) – Portuguese:
2288:("trousers") – Spanish:
2244:("power") – Portuguese:
2231:("black") – Portuguese:
2062:("which") – Portuguese:
2043:("madam") – Portuguese:
1181:Orthography and spelling
673:Local development theory
639:Dutch West India Company
145:350.000 (2001–2024)
5216:Colombia-Ecuador border
4771:or Papiá Tugu (extinct)
4269:(in Dutch). Willemstad.
4213:Fouse, Gary C. (2002).
4133:Quint, Nicolas (2000).
3976:10.1075/jpcl.30.1.02jac
3068:Buen día - Buenos días
2836:y pordona nos nos debe,
2764:
2756:
2748:
2740:
2732:
2712:
2699:
2686:
2673:
2661:Bo mama ta mashá bunita
2660:
2647:
2634:
2615:
2596:
2583:
2577:Phrase and word samples
2567:
2503:
2497:
2490:
2484:
2477:
2471:
2464:
2462:("hurricane") – Taíno:
2458:
2446:
2440:
2427:
2420:
2414:
2401:
2388:
2380:
2372:
2354:
2341:
2328:
2315:
2297:
2284:
2271:
2258:
2240:
2227:
2214:
2201:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2162:
2146:
2136:
2118:
2077:
2058:
2039:
2020:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1935:
1923:
1910:
1892:
1883:
1871:
1862:
976:, was performed at the
817:
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
589:
567:
524:
470:
464:
122:
4862:Dialects and varieties
4731:Korlai Indo-Portuguese
4720:Cochin Indo-Portuguese
4222:Holm, John H. (1989).
4175:10.1075/dia.26.3.02jac
3846:Sanchez, Tara (n.d.).
3720:10.1075/dia.26.3.02jac
3702:Jacobs, Bart (2009a).
3105:Como está? Como vai? -
2928:mas livrai-nos do mal.
2864:que estás en el cielo.
2749:Sopi pura ta sali salo
2718:
2705:
2703:(Fight) – Portuguese:
2692:
2690:(Argue) – Portuguese:
2679:
2666:
2653:
2640:
2627:
2621:
2608:
2602:
2589:
2573:
2511:Literature and culture
2433:
2431:("to kneel") – Wolof:
2407:
2396:African-origin words:
2367:English-origin words:
2360:
2347:
2334:
2321:
2303:
2290:
2277:
2264:
2253:Spanish-origin words:
2246:
2233:
2220:
2218:("dog") – Portuguese:
2207:
2152:
2130:
2124:
2089:
2083:
2070:
2064:
2051:
2045:
2032:
2026:
1992:found in the standard
1983:
1187:Papiamento orthography
1067:
1054:Boo Jantje letter 1783
857:In Bart Jacob's study
742:
621:
615:
609:
593:involved changing the
583:
573:
541:
533:
462:The language, spelled
427:
201:Papiamento orthography
4736:Sri Lankan Portuguese
4199:. Berlin: De Gruyter.
4195:Jacobs, Bart (2012).
4157:Jacobs, Bart (2009).
4144:Jacobs, Bart (2008).
3550:. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
3544:Lang, George (2000).
3455:Wells, J. C. (2008).
3436:(in Dutch). wetten.nl
3137:Muy bien - Muy bueno
2948:hallowed be Thy name.
2845:ma libra nos di malo.
2787:Roman Catholic Church
2716:(Good) – Portuguese:
2638:(Thank you) – Dutch:
2565:
2345:("to read") – Dutch:
1979:Poems in Papiamento,
1978:
1904:The main rules are:
1334:Vowels and diphthongs
1065:
993:Piter May letter 1775
918:Caribbean Netherlands
734:Portuguese Cape Verde
539:
513:
4660:Guinea-Bissau Creole
4418:8 March 2021 at the
3898:Lobo, Jairo (2013).
3128:Muito bem, Muito bom
2919:assim como perdoamos
2619:(please) – Spanish:
2603:¿Cómo te va la vida?
2405:("peanut") – Kongo:
2310:Dutch-origin words:
2262:("city") – Spanish:
1998:Upper Guinea Creoles
1866:, it means "to eat".
984:Old Papiamento texts
910:Netherlands Antilles
759:Guinea-Bissau Creole
562:Guinea-Bissau Creole
546:West Iberian Romance
528:, roughly meaning: "
520:Netherlands Antilles
500:Guinea-Bissau Creole
47:specify the language
45:This article should
4801:Creoles with strong
4655:Cape Verdean Creole
4599:Dutch Sign Language
4224:Pidgins and Creoles
3904:Caraïbisch uitzicht
3798:Universiteit Leiden
3335:Eu gosto de Curaçao
2501:("ugly") – Arawak:
2358:("March") – Dutch:
2319:("apple") – Dutch:
2301:("man") – Spanish:
2275:("hat") – Spanish:
926:Paraguaná Peninsula
755:Cape Verdean Creole
663:Memory of the World
635:Spanish West Indies
558:Cape Verdean Creole
496:Cape Verdean Creole
170:Upper Guinea Creole
18:Papiamento language
5511:Languages of Aruba
5103:Chiloé Archipelago
4709:Bengali Portuguese
4455:The New York Times
3852:Language Varieties
3584:10.14288/1.0094428
3530:The New York Times
3383:Joceline Clemencia
3341:N gosta di Curaçao
3338:N gosta di Curaçao
3108:Kuma ku bu na bai?
2945:who art in Heaven,
2791:King James English
2574:
2488:("farm") – Taíno:
2475:("corn") – Taíno:
2444:("wasp") – Bantu:
2392:– English: bicycle
2332:("book") – Dutch:
1984:
1140:Modern Papiamento
1078:Modern Papiamento
1068:
1012:Modern Papiamento
936:Venezuelan Spanish
542:
534:
484:Venezuelan Spanish
5488:
5487:
5474:
5460:
5431:
5421:
5411:
5401:
5384:
5318:
5308:
5269:
5268:
5250:
5249:Coastal Argentina
5236:
5217:
5198:
5184:
5170:
5156:
5137:
5123:
5122:Central Argentina
5104:
5029:
4828:
4827:
4814:Judaeo-Papiamento
4758:Flores Portuguese
4607:
4606:
3877:Repeating Islands
3779:978-90-272-5258-6
3466:978-1-4058-8118-0
3414:(25th ed., 2022)
3388:Judaeo-Papiamento
3357:Kristang language
3348:
3347:
3344:Me gusta Curazao
3229:Pasa un buen día
2979:
2978:
2951:Thy kingdom come.
2609:Como está a vida?
2384:– English: bottle
2166:is from Spanish.
1896:) means "eat it!"
1852:Stress and accent
1849:
1848:
1640:
1639:
1322:
1321:
1178:
1177:
1118:
1117:
1051:
1050:
948:lexical borrowing
837:is pronounced as
835:⟨o⟩
831:⟨b⟩
827:⟨v⟩
823:⟨v⟩
717:Judaeo-Portuguese
709:Eighty Years' War
669:(The Civilizer).
313:
312:
111:
110:
16:(Redirected from
5528:
5472:
5458:
5429:
5420:(mixed language)
5419:
5409:
5399:
5378:
5316:
5306:
5248:
5234:
5215:
5196:
5182:
5168:
5154:
5135:
5121:
5102:
5023:
4915:
4914:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4832:
4831:
4752:Bidau Portuguese
4634:
4627:
4620:
4611:
4610:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4462:
4461:
4309:
4284:
4278:
4270:
4261:
4252:
4227:
4218:
4209:
4200:
4188:
4186:
4153:
4140:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4088:
4082:
4079:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4026:
4023:
4017:
4014:
4008:
4007:
3997:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3959:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3763:
3757:
3750:
3744:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3699:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3669:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3586:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3520:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3403:
3220:Tenha um bom dia
2989:
2988:
2796:
2795:
2767:
2759:
2751:
2743:
2735:
2721:
2715:
2708:
2702:
2695:
2689:
2682:
2676:
2669:
2663:
2656:
2650:
2643:
2637:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2597:Kon ta k'e bida?
2592:
2586:
2551:Bon Bini Holland
2541:Sensei Redenshon
2517:Aruba Dushi Tera
2506:
2500:
2493:
2487:
2480:
2474:
2467:
2461:
2449:
2443:
2436:
2430:
2423:
2417:
2410:
2404:
2391:
2383:
2375:
2363:
2357:
2350:
2344:
2337:
2331:
2324:
2318:
2306:
2300:
2293:
2287:
2280:
2274:
2267:
2261:
2249:
2243:
2236:
2230:
2223:
2217:
2210:
2204:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2165:
2160:) in the ending
2159:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2111:
2107:
2102:diphthongisation
2099:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2035:
2029:
2023:
1965:
1956:
1944:
1938:
1929:
1917:
1895:
1889:
1877:
1865:
1841:
1840:
1832:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1801:
1800:
1792:
1781:
1780:
1772:
1761:
1760:
1752:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1721:
1720:
1712:
1701:
1700:
1692:
1681:
1680:
1672:
1649:
1648:
1632:
1631:
1622:
1621:
1613:
1602:
1601:
1592:
1591:
1583:
1572:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1553:
1542:
1541:
1532:
1531:
1523:
1512:
1511:
1502:
1501:
1493:
1482:
1481:
1472:
1471:
1463:
1452:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1433:
1422:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1392:
1391:
1382:
1381:
1373:
1345:
1344:
1233:
1232:
1132:
1131:
1070:
1069:
1004:
1003:
971:
940:American English
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
814:
811:
807:
801:
795:
789:
783:
777:
752:
751: factories
749:
745:
592:
586:
576:
570:
527:
473:
467:
434:
421:
420:
417:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
376:
367:
366:
363:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
322:
306:
297:
283:
267:
260:
251:
250:
242:
192:
155:
125:
113:
112:
106:
103:
97:
90:
78:
72:
68:
62:
58:
52:
40:
39:
32:
21:
5536:
5535:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5484:
5473:Central America
5434:
5331:
5275:
5265:
5155:Coastal Ecuador
5062:
5001:
4957:Central America
4951:
4906:
4900:
4874:Africa and Asia
4869:
4859:
4829:
4824:
4802:
4796:
4780:
4745:Southeast Asian
4740:
4701:Indo-Portuguese
4695:
4664:
4643:
4638:
4608:
4603:
4587:
4526:
4494:
4489:
4420:Wayback Machine
4387:
4371:
4317:
4312:
4272:
4271:
4128:
4123:
4115:
4107:
4103:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4080:
4076:
4068:
4064:
4054:
4052:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4033:
4029:
4024:
4020:
4015:
4011:
3998:
3994:
3950:
3946:
3923:
3919:
3909:
3907:
3896:
3892:
3882:
3880:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3856:
3854:
3844:
3840:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3807:
3805:
3804:on 2 March 2008
3792:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3764:
3760:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3737:
3700:
3693:
3685:
3681:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3643:
3639:
3631:
3627:
3617:
3615:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3569:
3565:
3558:
3542:
3538:
3521:
3514:
3504:
3502:
3492:
3488:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3467:
3453:
3449:
3439:
3437:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3363:Creole language
3353:
3332:Mi gusta Corsou
3329:Mi gusta Kòrsou
3226:Pasa un bon dia
3223:Pasa un bon dia
3217:Pasa un bon dia
3214:Pasa un bon dia
3211:Have a nice day
2998:
2984:
2975:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2870:Venga tu reino.
2853:
2852:
2851:
2821:cu ta na shelo,
2775:
2728:
2579:
2566:The meaning of
2560:
2532:The 2013 films
2513:
2376:– English: back
2128:in Portuguese,
1989:
1973:
1966:("to promise").
1957:("to answer"),
1854:
1642:Papiamento has
1359:
1336:
1331:
1240:
1209:
1189:
1183:
1172:
1170:
1163:
1161:
1154:
1152:
1135:Old Papiamento
1123:
1112:
1110:
1102:
1091:
1073:Old Papiamento
1056:
1045:
1043:
1035:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1007:Old Papiamento
995:
986:
978:Stadsschouwburg
972:from his novel
965:
963:Carel De Haseth
887:
851:
834:
830:
826:
822:
812:
750:
730:
675:
637:. In 1634, the
508:
441:Dutch Caribbean
380:
374:
373:
326:
320:
319:
309:
293:
279:
263:
256:
246:
245:
238:
225:
221:
215:
208:Official status
193:
188:
182:
166:Afro-Portuguese
156:
153:Language family
151:
142:
141:Native speakers
134:Dutch Caribbean
107:
101:
98:
92:
91:for Papiamento.
88:
76:
70:
66:
64:transliteration
60:
56:
50:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5534:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5442:
5440:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5422:
5412:
5402:
5392:
5385:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5367:
5365:Tetuani Ladino
5355:Judaeo-Spanish
5352:
5345:
5339:
5337:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5309:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5283:
5281:
5271:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5225:
5220:
5219:
5218:
5206:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5173:
5172:
5171:
5159:
5158:
5157:
5145:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5126:
5125:
5124:
5112:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5072:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5036:
5031:
5011:
5009:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4961:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4923:
4921:
4912:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4870:
4858:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4835:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4806:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4772:
4766:
4764:Papiá Kristang
4761:
4755:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4717:
4712:
4705:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4672:
4670:
4669:Gulf of Guinea
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4637:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4614:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4488:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4386:
4385:External links
4383:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4344:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4285:
4262:
4253:
4228:
4219:
4210:
4201:
4192:
4189:
4169:(3): 319–379.
4154:
4141:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4101:
4083:
4074:
4062:
4051:. 19 June 2020
4036:
4027:
4018:
4009:
3992:
3944:
3917:
3890:
3864:
3838:
3815:
3785:
3778:
3758:
3745:
3735:
3714:(3): 319–379.
3691:
3679:
3670:
3661:
3652:
3637:
3625:
3600:
3563:
3556:
3536:
3512:
3486:
3472:
3465:
3447:
3423:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3326:I like Curaçao
3323:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3194:Mi ta - Ami ta
3192:
3191:Mi ta - Ami ta
3189:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
3000:
2995:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2861:Padre nuestro,
2856:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2737:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2709:
2696:
2683:
2670:
2657:
2644:
2631:
2625:– Portuguese:
2612:
2606:– Portuguese:
2593:
2578:
2575:
2559:
2556:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2494:
2481:
2468:
2451:
2450:
2437:
2424:
2411:
2394:
2393:
2385:
2377:
2365:
2364:
2351:
2338:
2325:
2308:
2307:
2294:
2281:
2268:
2251:
2250:
2237:
2224:
2211:
2108:, rather than
2094:
2093:
2074:
2055:
2036:
1988:
1985:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1946:
1931:
1919:
1898:
1897:
1879:
1867:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1624:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1594:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1564:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1534:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1504:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1474:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1444:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1414:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1208:
1205:
1185:Main article:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1105:
1095:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1038:
1029:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
994:
991:
985:
982:
974:Katibu di Shon
944:Code-switching
886:
885:Present status
883:
850:
847:
815:), instead of
729:
726:
701:Sephardic Jews
674:
671:
652:Roman Catholic
507:
504:
439:spoken in the
311:
310:
307:
299:
298:
291:
285:
284:
277:
269:
268:
261:
253:
252:
243:
235:
234:
233:Language codes
230:
229:
216:
213:
210:
209:
205:
204:
194:
190:Writing system
187:
184:
183:
181:
180:
179:
178:
177:
176:
159:
157:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
131:
130:Native to
127:
126:
118:
117:
109:
108:
83:. Knowledge's
44:
42:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5533:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5481:
5478:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5468:
5464:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5449:
5448:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5428:
5427:
5423:
5418:
5417:
5413:
5408:
5407:
5403:
5398:
5397:
5393:
5391:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5377:
5376:
5372:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5317:(Extremadura)
5315:
5314:
5310:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5272:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5240:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5192:
5188:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5174:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5164:
5160:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5127:
5120:
5119:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5068:South America
5065:
5059:
5056:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5015:United States
5013:
5012:
5010:
5008:
5007:North America
5004:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4909:Interamerican
4903:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4886:Equatoguinean
4884:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4867:
4863:
4856:
4851:
4849:
4844:
4842:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4799:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4635:
4630:
4628:
4623:
4621:
4616:
4615:
4612:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4592:Sign language
4590:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4486:
4481:
4479:
4474:
4472:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4321:Mansur, Jossy
4319:
4318:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4268:
4263:
4259:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4229:
4225:
4220:
4216:
4211:
4207:
4202:
4198:
4193:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4114:
4113:
4105:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4078:
4071:
4066:
4050:
4046:
4040:
4031:
4022:
4013:
4005:
4004:
3996:
3986:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3957:
3956:
3948:
3939:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3921:
3905:
3901:
3894:
3879:. 8 July 2013
3878:
3874:
3868:
3853:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3827:
3826:
3819:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3781:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3762:
3755:
3749:
3739:
3730:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3698:
3696:
3688:
3683:
3674:
3665:
3656:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3629:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3567:
3559:
3557:90-420-0737-0
3553:
3549:
3548:
3540:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3519:
3517:
3501:
3497:
3490:
3482:
3476:
3468:
3462:
3458:
3451:
3435:
3427:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3234:See you later
3233:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3111:Mo ki bu sta?
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3011:Guinea-Bissau
3009:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2779:Lord's Prayer
2773:Lord's Prayer
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2720:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2571:
2570:
2564:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2546:feature films
2543:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2154:
2148:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2115:
2103:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1982:
1977:
1964:
1963:
1955:
1954:
1947:
1943:
1939:("to care"),
1937:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1844:
1842:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1822:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1742:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1714:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1595:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1565:
1563:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1543:
1535:
1533:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1505:
1503:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1475:
1473:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1445:
1443:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1415:
1413:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1393:
1385:
1383:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1326:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1255:Lead (metal)
1253:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1230:For example:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1196:
1194:
1188:
1174:
1167:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1114:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1060:
1047:
1039:
1037:
1030:
1028:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1000:
999:Sephardic Jew
990:
981:
979:
975:
969:
964:
960:
955:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
902:
900:
896:
892:
882:
880:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
846:
842:
819:
806:
800:
794:
788:
782:
776:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
744:
739:
738:trading posts
735:
725:
721:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
695:
690:
686:
682:
680:
670:
668:
664:
661:
657:
653:
647:
644:
640:
636:
632:
631:Iberian Union
627:
625:
624:
619:
618:
613:
612:
606:
604:
600:
596:
591:
585:
580:
575:
569:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
538:
531:
526:
521:
517:
512:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
472:
468:in Aruba and
466:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
429:
425:
419:
371:
365:
317:
305:
300:
296:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
276:
275:
270:
266:
262:
259:
254:
249:
244:
241:
236:
231:
228:
224:
220:
217:
211:
206:
202:
198:
195:
191:
185:
175:
172:
171:
169:
168:
167:
164:
163:
162:
158:
154:
148:
144:
138:
135:
132:
128:
124:
119:
114:
105:
95:
86:
82:
75:
65:
55:
48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
5465:
5451:
5445:
5425:
5424:
5416:Media Lengua
5414:
5404:
5394:
5387:
5373:
5347:
5311:
5301:
5241:
5235:Coastal Peru
5227:
5208:
5197:Paisa Region
5189:
5175:
5161:
5147:
5128:
5114:
5095:
5051:Sabine River
5038:
5025:
5020:
4989:
4942:Puerto Rican
4868:by continent
4809:
4648:Upper Guinea
4531:Non-official
4521:
4517:West Frisian
4453:
4340:
4315:Dictionaries
4300:(1): 73–93.
4297:
4293:
4266:
4257:
4243:(1): 43–60.
4240:
4236:
4223:
4214:
4205:
4196:
4166:
4162:
4149:
4135:
4126:Bibliography
4111:
4104:
4095:
4086:
4077:
4065:
4053:. Retrieved
4048:
4039:
4030:
4021:
4012:
4002:
3995:
3970:(1): 44–62.
3967:
3963:
3954:
3947:
3927:
3920:
3908:. Retrieved
3903:
3893:
3881:. Retrieved
3876:
3867:
3855:. Retrieved
3851:
3848:"Papiamentu"
3841:
3829:
3824:
3818:
3806:. Retrieved
3802:the original
3797:
3788:
3768:
3761:
3753:
3748:
3738:
3711:
3707:
3682:
3673:
3664:
3655:
3646:
3640:
3628:
3616:. Retrieved
3612:
3603:
3573:
3566:
3546:
3539:
3528:
3503:. Retrieved
3499:
3489:
3475:
3456:
3450:
3438:. Retrieved
3426:
3409:
3401:
3252:Hasta luego
3096:How are you?
3050:Good morning
3016:Cape Verdean
2997:Curaçao and
2985:
2925:em tentação,
2783:liturgically
2776:
2549:
2539:
2538:(Aruba) and
2533:
2531:
2524:
2514:
2452:
2395:
2366:
2309:
2252:
2195:
2168:
2122:("nephew"):
2095:
2014:
2002:
1994:Swadesh list
1990:
1961:
1952:
1945:("to lack").
1925:
1912:
1903:
1899:
1885:
1872:
1855:
1836:
1816:
1796:
1776:
1756:
1736:
1716:
1696:
1676:
1641:
1627:
1617:
1597:
1587:
1567:
1557:
1537:
1527:
1507:
1497:
1477:
1467:
1447:
1437:
1417:
1407:
1387:
1377:
1337:
1323:
1239:Curaçao and
1229:
1225:
1210:
1197:
1193:Latin script
1190:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1124:
1107:
1100:
1097:
1088:
1057:
1040:
1031:
1022:
996:
987:
973:
956:
952:
934:
922:Sint Maarten
903:
888:
875:
858:
856:
852:
845:Papiamento.
843:
771:
731:
722:
691:
687:
683:
676:
666:
655:
648:
628:
607:
598:
594:
578:
554:from Spanish
543:
461:
369:
315:
314:
289:Linguasphere
272:
173:
99:
81:ISO 639 code
77:}}
71:{{
67:}}
61:{{
57:}}
51:{{
46:
29:
5381:Para-Romani
5243:Rioplatense
5183:Zulia State
5046:New Mexican
5034:Californian
4970:Costa Rican
4947:Trinidadian
4691:Principense
4568:Minangkabau
4347:Marugg, Tip
4163:Diachronica
3910:28 February
3883:28 February
3808:21 November
3708:Diachronica
3687:Jacobs 2008
3378:Linguistics
3160:Estoy bien
3102:Con ta bay?
3099:Kon ta bai?
3045:Bienvenido
2942:Our Father,
2805:Portuguese
2799:Papiamento
2726:Expressions
2584:Kon ta bai?
2447:ma-rimbondo
2150:instead of
2087:– Spanish:
2068:– Spanish:
2049:– Spanish:
2030:– Spanish:
1918:("donkey").
1890:(short for
1652:Diphthongs
1358:Curaçao and
1338:Papiamento
1247:Portuguese
1215:and one in
1042:Pietermaai.
966: [
879:Catholicism
813: wind
603:apocopation
445:ABC islands
5501:Papiamento
5495:Categories
5426:Papiamento
5396:Palenquero
5287:Andalusian
5278:Peninsular
5261:Venezuelan
5204:Paraguayan
5149:Equatorial
5143:Ecuadorian
4997:Salvadoran
4985:Nicaraguan
4975:Guatemalan
4937:Panamanian
4891:Philippine
4820:Saramaccan
4810:Papiamento
4785:East Asian
4681:Annobonese
4558:Limburgish
4548:Indonesian
4522:Papiamento
4508:(national)
4049:Wiktionary
3985:1887/43140
3594:2429/21045
3411:Ethnologue
3406:Papiamento
3394:References
3006:Portuguese
1987:Vocabulary
1662:Papiamento
1644:diphthongs
1570:onbeschoft
957:The first
863:relexified
667:Civilisadó
476:Portuguese
471:Papiamentu
465:Papiamento
428:Papiaments
370:Papiamentu
321:English:
316:Papiamento
174:Papiamento
123:Papiamentu
116:Papiamento
5447:Cocoliche
5406:Chavacano
5389:Spanglish
5307:(Galicia)
5297:Castilian
5256:Uruguayan
5177:Maracucho
5110:Colombian
4932:Dominican
4919:Caribbean
4777:(extinct)
4769:Mardijker
4760:(extinct)
4754:(extinct)
4722:(extinct)
4711:(extinct)
4573:Ripuarian
4563:Low Saxon
4275:cite book
4184:10961/207
3729:10961/207
3440:1 January
3312:Ainda não
3157:N sta bon
3154:N sta bon
3151:Estou bem
3148:Mi ta bon
3145:Mi ta bon
3142:I am fine
3131:Muitu bon
3125:Masha bon
3122:Mashá bon
3119:Very good
3073:Thank you
3042:Ben-vindu
3039:Ben-vindu
3036:Bem vindo
2818:Nos Tata,
2693:Bate boca
2687:Bati boka
2654:Ainda não
2628:Por favor
2622:Por favor
2616:Por fabor
2590:Como vai?
2441:maribomba
2208:borboleta
2202:barbulètè
2172:borboléta
2033:por favor
2027:por favor
2021:por fabor
1881:However,
1805:tortoise
1576:impolite
1329:Phonology
1318:Cuchillo
1201:etymology
1127:affidavit
930:Venezuela
743:feitorias
713:Amsterdam
486:. Due to
375:English:
295:51-AAC-be
274:Glottolog
258:ISO 639-3
240:ISO 639-2
102:July 2022
5467:Malespín
5453:Lunfardo
5410:(creole)
5400:(creole)
5343:Standard
5303:Castrapo
5292:Canarian
5229:Ribereño
5223:Peruvian
5116:Cordobés
5086:Bolivian
5076:Amazonic
4980:Honduran
4965:Belizean
4905:Americas
4881:Canarian
4792:Macanese
4775:Portugis
4553:Javanese
4538:Ambonese
4499:Official
4416:Archived
4306:40986319
4249:40986317
4150:Pharisis
4055:19 March
3857:19 March
3743:Curaçao.
3618:19 March
3505:19 March
3500:Sorosoro
3351:See also
3315:Inda nau
3309:Ainda no
3306:Ainda no
3243:Até logo
3240:Te aworo
3237:Te aweró
3171:Mi - Ami
3168:Mi - Ami
3134:Mutu bon
3091:Gracias
3088:Obrigadu
3085:Obrigadu
3082:Obrigado
3033:Bon bini
3030:Bon bini
2999:Bonaire
2808:English
2802:Spanish
2648:Ainda no
2558:Examples
2434:djongotó
2421:ma-kamba
2278:sombrero
2221:cachorro
2125:sobrinho
2009:Caquetío
1665:English
1560:ònbeskòp
1366:English
1250:Spanish
1241:Bonaire
1236:English
1145:English
1083:English
1017:English
924:and the
281:papi1253
5439:Extinct
5360:Haketia
5349:Llanito
5322:Murcian
5210:Pastuso
5163:Llanero
5097:Chilote
5091:Chilean
5058:Mexican
5026:Chicano
4991:Pachuco
4896:Saharan
4866:Spanish
4676:Angolar
4583:Yiddish
4512:English
4369:Grammar
4098:. 2013.
3321:Aún no
3318:Inda na
3303:Not yet
3275:Comida
3263:Cuminda
3260:Kuminda
3249:Te lógu
3246:Te logu
3206:Yo soy
3065:Bon dia
3062:Bon dia
3059:Bom dia
3056:Bon dia
3053:Bon dia
3027:Welcome
3021:Spanish
2993:English
2785:by the
2641:Dank je
2519:" and "
2465:juracán
2428:yongotá
2415:makamba
2389:baiskel
2178:katchor
2131:sobrino
2119:subrino
2114:Spanish
2046:senhora
2005:Iberian
1971:Lexicon
1799:morocoy
1636:bridge
1510:chikito
1456:ballet
1426:effect
1360:Bonaire
1348:Vowels
1312:Cuchiu
1264:Chumbo
1261:Chumbo
1258:Chumbu
1221:Bonaire
1217:Curaçao
1109:Jantje.
1090:Jantje.
899:Bonaire
895:Curaçao
871:Senegal
810:transl.
763:Angolar
748:transl.
506:History
457:Curaçao
453:Bonaire
435:) is a
227:Curaçao
223:Bonaire
94:See why
5313:Castúo
5274:Europe
5130:Cuyano
5081:Andean
5040:Isleño
4578:Romani
4543:Arabic
4304:
4247:
3776:
3613:UNESCO
3554:
3463:
3272:Kumida
3269:Kumida
3266:Comida
3197:Eu sou
3002:Aruba
2700:Bringa
2535:Abo So
2526:Diario
2504:muhusu
2491:conuco
2485:kunuku
2472:maishi
2408:mpinda
2304:hombre
2298:hòmber
2291:calzón
2285:karson
2272:sombré
2265:ciudad
2259:siudat
2090:cuánto
2084:quanto
2078:kuantu
2052:señora
2040:señora
1981:Leiden
1960:primin
1951:kontes
1893:kome é
1845:thumb
1835:ui in
1815:ou in
1795:oi in
1775:oi in
1755:eu in
1745:price
1735:ei in
1715:ei in
1705:fauna
1695:au in
1685:dance
1675:ai in
1600:cunucu
1590:kunuku
1516:small
1486:apple
1450:ballet
1420:efecto
1410:efekto
1340:vowels
1309:Kuchú
1306:Knife
1289:House
1272:Stick
1267:Plomo
1244:Aruba
818:viento
805:bientu
799:bos(o)
765:, and
697:Brazil
679:pidgin
660:UNESCO
643:Arawak
623:-mento
617:papear
590:verfdó
584:verver
568:verfdó
455:, and
5480:Bozal
5336:Other
5191:Paisa
4927:Cuban
4686:Forro
4506:Dutch
4302:JSTOR
4245:JSTOR
4116:(PDF)
3280:Bread
3200:Ami i
3079:Danki
3076:Danki
2972:Amen.
2931:Amén.
2888:Amén.
2848:Amèn.
2706:Briga
2635:Danki
2569:dushi
2498:mahos
2478:mahíz
2459:orkan
2402:pinda
2381:bòter
2361:maart
2348:lezen
2322:appel
2247:força
2241:forsa
2234:preto
2228:pretu
2215:kachó
2190:fórsa
2184:prétu
1942:falta
1924:hospi
1825:down
1785:join
1739:prijs
1725:that
1699:fauna
1679:baile
1626:u in
1616:ù in
1606:farm
1596:u in
1586:u in
1566:o in
1556:ò in
1546:work
1536:o in
1526:o in
1506:i in
1500:chikí
1496:i in
1480:appel
1476:e in
1466:e in
1446:e in
1440:balèt
1436:è in
1416:e in
1406:e in
1396:walk
1386:a in
1376:a in
1363:Aruba
1315:Faca
1301:Casa
1298:Casa
1284:Palo
1278:Palo
1275:Palu
1213:Aruba
970:]
959:opera
906:Aruba
891:Aruba
867:Gorée
767:Forro
611:papia
480:Dutch
449:Aruba
424:Dutch
368:) or
219:Aruba
197:Latin
5450:and
5375:Caló
5021:Caló
4281:link
4057:2022
3912:2022
3885:2022
3859:2022
3810:2011
3774:ISBN
3620:2022
3552:ISBN
3507:2022
3461:ISBN
3442:2011
3298:Pan
3257:Food
3203:Mi e
3188:I am
2777:The
2355:mart
2342:lesa
2335:boek
2329:buki
2316:apel
2187:and
2071:cuál
2065:qual
1936:sòru
1863:kome
1839:duim
1819:abou
1779:join
1765:far
1719:esey
1630:brug
1620:brùg
1540:obra
1530:obra
1470:apel
1390:cana
1380:kana
1295:Cas
1292:Kas
1281:Pau
1219:and
946:and
938:and
897:and
825:and
705:Jews
595:-dor
579:-dor
574:verf
560:and
498:and
482:and
54:lang
4864:of
4179:hdl
4171:doi
3980:hdl
3972:doi
3933:doi
3724:hdl
3716:doi
3589:hdl
3579:doi
3408:at
3295:Pon
3292:Pon
3289:Pão
3286:Pan
3283:Pan
3183:Yo
2719:Bom
2713:Bon
2373:bèk
2163:-no
2158:/ɲ/
2142:/u/
2140:as
2110:/v/
2106:/b/
2098:/u/
2059:kua
1926:tal
1886:m'é
1831:ʏi̯
1811:ɔu̯
1791:oi̯
1771:ɔi̯
1759:leu
1751:eu̯
1731:ɛi̯
1711:ei̯
1691:au̯
1671:ai̯
1658:IPA
1354:IPA
928:of
839:/u/
793:nos
599:-dó
597:to
587:to
552:or
459:).
265:pap
248:pap
89:pap
74:IPA
5497::
4296:.
4292:.
4277:}}
4273:{{
4239:.
4235:.
4177:.
4167:26
4165:.
4161:.
4148:.
4094:.
4047:.
3978:.
3968:30
3966:.
3931:,
3902:.
3875:.
3850:.
3796:.
3722:.
3712:26
3710:.
3706:.
3694:^
3611:.
3587:.
3527:.
3515:^
3498:.
3174:Eu
2793::
2193:.
2181:,
2175:,
2153:nh
1962:tí
1953:tá
1915:ku
1913:ri
1911:bu
1884:ko
1875:me
1873:ko
1195:.
968:nl
932:.
901:.
893:,
881:.
841:.
796:,
790:,
787:el
784:,
781:bo
778:,
775:mi
761:,
757:,
746:,
626:.
605:.
502:.
451:,
426::
422:;
415:uː
388:ɑː
361:oʊ
334:ɑː
59:,
5383:)
5379:(
5280:)
5276:(
5028:)
5024:(
4911:)
4907:(
4854:e
4847:t
4840:v
4816:)
4812:(
4633:e
4626:t
4619:v
4484:e
4477:t
4470:v
4308:.
4298:5
4283:)
4251:.
4241:5
4187:.
4181::
4173::
4072:.
4059:.
3990:)
3988:.
3982::
3974::
3935::
3914:.
3887:.
3861:.
3834:)
3812:.
3782:.
3726::
3718::
3689:.
3622:.
3597:.
3591::
3581::
3560:.
3533:.
3509:.
3483:.
3469:.
3444:.
3180:N
3177:N
3165:I
2156:(
2147:n
2137:o
1930:.
1612:ø
1582:u
1552:ɔ
1522:o
1492:i
1462:ǝ
1432:ɛ
1402:e
1372:a
808:(
740:(
532:"
447:(
418:/
412:t
409:n
406:ɛ
403:m
400:ˈ
397:ə
394:i
391:p
385:p
382:ˌ
379:/
372:(
364:/
358:t
355:n
352:ɛ
349:m
346:ˈ
343:ə
340:i
337:p
331:p
328:ˌ
325:/
318:(
203:)
199:(
104:)
100:(
96:.
20:)
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