1052:
500:
3407:
526:
2552:
1965:
27:
842:
Since the late 1990s, research has been done that shines light on the ties between
Papiamento and Upper Guinea Portuguese Creole. Martinus (1996), Quint (2000) and Jacobs (2008, 2009a, 2009b) focus specifically on the linguistic and historical relationships with the Upper Guinea Portuguese Creole, as
1215:
The most apparent difference between the two dialects is given away in the name difference. Whereas
Bonaire and Curaçao opted for a phonology-based spelling, Aruba uses an etymology-based spelling. Many words in Aruba end with "o" while the same word ends with "u" in Bonaire and Curaçao. And even in
977:
The
Papiamento language originates from about 1650. The oldest Papiamento texts that have been preserved are written letters. In the following three letters it can be seen that the words changed and the spelling became closer to the Dutch spelling. Although some words are no longer in use, the basis
865:
On Curaçao, this variety underwent internal changes as well as contact-induced changes at all levels of the grammar, but particularly in the lexicon, due to contact with
Spanish and, to a lesser extent, Dutch. Despite the changes, the morphosyntactic framework of Papiamento is still remarkably close
833:
Guene (the name comes from "Guinea") was a secret language that was used by slaves on the plantations of the landhouses of West Curaçao. There were about a hundred Guene songs that were sung to make the work lighter. However, because of the secret character of Guene, it never had much influence on
673:
Another theory is that
Papiamento first evolved from the use in the region since 1499 of 'lenguas' and the first repopulation of the ABC Islands by the Spanish by the Cédula real decreed in November 1525 in which Juan Martinez de Ampués, factor of Española, had been granted the right to repopulate
708:
was brought to the island of Curaçao, where it gradually spread to other parts of the community. The Jewish community became the prime merchants and traders in the area and so business and everyday trading was conducted in
Papiamento. While various nations owned the island, and official languages
1980:
Most of the vocabulary is derived from
Portuguese and derived Portuguese-based creoles and (Early Modern) Spanish. The real origin is usually difficult to tell because the two Iberian languages are very similar, and adaptations were made in Papiamento. A list of 200 basic Papiamento words can be
677:
The evolution of
Papiamento continued under the Dutch colonisation under the influence of 16th-century Dutch, Portuguese (Brazilian) and Native American languages (Arawak and Taíno), with the second repopulation of the ABC islands with immigrants who arrived from the ex-Dutch Brazilian colonies.
1313:
Certain features in rural areas of the islands have been noted in the past, although it is likely many of these features have either disappeared over time or are used by few speakers today. For example, certain rural areas of Aruba and Curaçao featured the guttural R instead of the rolled R (a
712:
When the
Netherlands opened economic ties with Spanish colonies in what are now Venezuela and Colombia in the 18th century students on Curaçao, Aruba, and Bonaire were taught predominantly in Spanish, and Spanish began to influence the creole language. Since there was a continuous Latinisation
758:(from São Tomé). The sister languages bear strong resemblance with Papiamento. According to this theory, Papiamento was derived from one or more of these older creoles or their predecessors, which were brought to the ABC islands by slaves and traders from Cape Verde and West Africa.
3731:
Jacobs, Bart (2009b) "The
Origins of Old Portuguese Features in Papiamento." In: Faraclas, Nicholas; Severing, Ronald; Weijer, Christa; Echteld, Liesbeth (eds.). "Leeward voices: Fresh perspectives on Papiamento and the literatures and cultures of the ABC Islands", 11–38. FPI/UNA,
634:
and Spanish population to the continent (mostly to the Venezuelan west coast and the Venezuelan plains, as well as all the way east to the Venezuela Orinoco basin and Trinidad), and turned them into the hub of the Dutch slave trade between Africa and the Caribbean.
553:
are far less than those shared with Spanish, even though the Spanish and Dutch influences occurred later, from the 17th century onwards. In 1978, Jacoba Bouscholte conducted a study on the various Dutch influences in Papiamento. An example of a hybrid word is
942:
Many immigrants from Latin America and the Caribbean choose to learn Papiamento because it is more practical in daily life on the islands. For Spanish-speakers, it is easier to learn than Dutch, because Papiamento uses many Spanish and Portuguese words.
2000:
Arawak origin, mostly words for plants and animals. Arawak is an extinct language that was spoken by Indians throughout the Caribbean. The Arawak words were re-introduced in Papiamento by borrowing from the Spanish dialect of Venezuela
1081:
Adjoos mie papa, bieda die mi Courasson. Djoos naa boo saloer, pa mie i pa mie mama. Mie groot mama ta manda koemenda boo moetje moetje. Mie ta bo joego Doeje toe na mortoo. Dit heeft uw Jantje geschreeven, nogmals adjoos, vart wel.
1047:
The next letter dates from 1783 and was recently discovered in an English archive. It was sent by Anna Charje in the name of her baby Jantje Boufet to her husband Dirk Schermer in Rotterdam. (The final sentence is standard Dutch.)
3597:
1078:
Mi papa, bieda die mi Courasson, bieni prees toe seeka bo joego doesje. Mi mama ta warda boo, mie jora toer dieja pa mie papa. Coemda Mie groot mama pa mie, ie mie tante nan toer. Papa doesje, treese oen boenieta sonbreer pa boo
1889:
There are general rules for the stress and accent but also a great many exceptions. When a word deviates from the rules, the stressed vowel is indicated by an acute accent ( ´ ), but it is often omitted in casual writing.
638:
The first evidence of widespread use of Papiamento in Aruba and Curaçao can be seen in official documents in the early 18th century. In the 19th century, most materials in the islands were written in Papiamento including
1985:, with etymological reference to the language of origin. There is a remarkable similarity between words in Papiamento, Cape Verdean Creole, and Guinea-Bissau Creole, which all belong to the same language family of the
1187:
Since the 1970s, two different orthographies have been developed and adopted. In 1976, Curaçao and Bonaire officially adopted the Römer-Maduro-Jonis version, a phonetic spelling. In 1977, Aruba approved a more
1097:
My father, life of my heart, come quickly close to your sweet son. My mother awaits you, I cry all day for my father. Greet my grandmother for me, and all my aunts. Dear father, bring a nice hat for your
1030:
I was in Pietermaai until the time you came. I met uncle there, and Sara halfway. They were coming to Punda. My sweetheart, your father sent your brother Aronchy, and Tony and Merka went on their way to
713:
process (Hoetink, 1987), even the elite Dutch-Protestant settlers eventually communicated better in Spanish than in Dutch, as a wealth of local Spanish-language publications in the 19th century testify.
1087:
Mi papa, bida di mi kurason, bini lihé serka bo yu dushi. Mi mama ta warda bo, mi ta yora tur dia pa mi papa. Kumindá mi wela pa mi, i mi tantanan tur. Papa dushi, trese un bunita sombré pa bo Jantje.
939:
from Spanish, Dutch and English among native speakers is common. This is considered as a threat to the development of the language because of the loss of the authentic and Creole "feel" of Papiamento.
688:, causing most Portuguese-speaking Jews and their Portuguese-speaking Dutch allies and Dutch-speaking Portuguese Brazilian allies in those lands to flee from religious persecution. The precise role of
1021:
Mi tabata na Pietermaai te ora ku boso a bini. Mi a topa tio aya, ku Sara meimei. Nan tabata bini na Punda. Mi dushi, bo pai a manda bo ruman Aronchy, ku Tony i Merka kohe na kaminda di Pietermaai.
696:
certainly played a prominent role in the later development of Papiamento. Many early residents of Curaçao were Sephardic Jews from Portugal, Spain, Cape Verde or Portuguese Brazil. Also, after the
1033:
That negress Antunika... they brought her behind the fort, sent to be whipped at the divi-divi tree. But I don't know for what reason. If you know, send me a message, and my God will reward you.
3621:
854:
offshoot of an early Upper Guinea Portuguese Creole variety that was transferred from Senegambia to Curaçao in the second half of the 17th century, when the Dutch controlled the island of
1118:(written testimony for use in a court of law as evidence) signed by 26 Aruban farm workers to support their supervisor Pieter Specht against false accusations by landowner B.G. Quant.
293:
721:
According to the European and African origin theory the origins of Papiamento lie in the Afro-Portuguese creoles that arose in the 16th century in the west coast of Africa and in the
4005:
Kook, Hetty; Narain, Goretti (1993). "Papiamento". In: Extra, Guus; Verhoeven, Ludo (eds.), "Community Languages in the Netherlands" (pp. 69–91). Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam.
1012:
Piter May the ora ky boso a biny. My a topa tio la, ku Sara meme. Nan taba biny Punta. My Dusie, bo pay a manda bo ruman Aronchy, ku Tony & Merca koge na kamina dy Piter May.
2975:
This section provides a comparison of the vocabularies of Papiamento, Portuguese, and the Portuguese creoles of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde. Spanish is shown for the contrast.
479:, it is difficult to pinpoint the exact origin of some words. Though there are different theories about its origins, most linguists now believe that Papiamento emerged from the
5315:
618:
Spain claimed dominion over the islands in the 15th century but made little use of them. Portuguese merchants had been trading extensively in the West Indies and with the
1216:
Curaçao, the use of the u-ending is still more pronounced among the Sephardic Jewish population. Similarly, the use of "k" in Bonaire and Curaçao replaces "c" in Aruba.
1023:
E negrita Antunika... nan a hib'é tras di fòrti, i nan a manda sut'é na e watapana. Pero mi no sabi pa ki rason. Si bo sabi, manda palabra, ku mi Dios ta bai pagabo.
533:
There are various theories about the origin and development of the Papiamento language, and precise history has not been established. Its parent language is surely
4841:
1100:
Goodbye my father, life of my heart. May God give you health, from me and from my mother. Send my grandmother many many greetings. I am your sweet son until death.
2158:
Few Portuguese words come directly from Portuguese, but most come via the Portuguese-based creole; in the examples below, the Cape Verdean Creole equivalents are
909:. Also, 150,000 Antillians (mostly from Curaçao) live in the Netherlands and speak their mother language, Papiamento, fluently. Some Papiamento is also spoken on
1635:, two vowels in a single syllable that form one sound. Papiamento diphthongs are based on Ibero-Romance and Dutch diphthongs. It has the following diphthongs:
4471:
3534:
1014:
Es nigrita Antunyca & nan a ybel tras dy forty, & nan a manda sutel guatapana. Mas my no saby pa ky razon. Sy bo saby, manda gabla, ku my Dios pagabo.
1140:
Noos ta firma por la berdad, y para serbir na teenpoe qui lo llega die moosteer. Qui des die teempoe koe Señor B.G. Quant ta poner, na serbisje die tera...
4278:
4080:
3741:
Dewulf, Jeroen (2018). "From Papiamentu to Afro-Catholic Brotherhoods: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Iberian Elements in Curaçaoan Popular Culture,"
3422:
4404:
1142:
Ta maltrata noos comandeur Pieter Specht pa toer soorto die koos. Y seemper el dho Quant ta precura die entreponeel deen toer gobierno die comandeur.
951:
73:
4221:
4099:
1996:
origin, 20% are of Dutch origin, and some of Native American or African origin. A study by Van Buurt and Joubert inventoried the words of Taíno and
1160:
He always mistreated our commander Pieter Specht for all sort of things. And always mister Quant interfered with all instructions of the commander.
1158:
We sign for the truth and to serve the coming time if necessary. About our time with B.G. Quant we declare, we were employed in land cultivation...
866:
to that of the Upper Guinea Creoles of Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau. Parallels have also been identified between the development of Papiamento and
3888:
4269:
1090:
Ayó mi papa, bida di mi kurason. Dios duna bo salú, pa mi i pa mi mama. Mi wela ta manda kumindá bo muchu muchu. Mi ta bo yu dushi te na morto.
1151:
Ta maltrata nos commandeur Pieter Specht pa tur sorto di cos. Y semper el señor Quandt ta percura di entremete den tur gobierno di commandeur.
5494:
4389:
4014:
Maurer, Philippe (1990). "Die Verschriftung des Papiamento". In "Zum Stand der Kodifizierung romanischer Kleinsprachen". Gunter Narr Verlag.
1149:
Nos ta firma pa e berdad y pa sirbi den e tempo aki lo yega di mester. Cu di e tempo e cu señor B.G. Quant ta pone, na servicio di e tera...
4834:
4620:
3782:
3469:
5509:
5504:
4464:
3756:
2105:. Also, a sound shift may have occurred in the direction of Spanish, whose influence on Papiamento came later than that of Portuguese:
3484:
4827:
3951:
Jacobs, Bart; van der Wal, Marijke J. (2015). "The Discovery, Nature, and Implications of a Papiamentu Text Fragment from 1783".
902:
5003:
4457:
4346:
3766:
3453:
4394:
476:
681:
The Judaeo-Portuguese population of the ABC islands increased substantially after 1654, when the Portuguese recovered the
1314:
feature common in French) or omitted the letter S at the end of words (a feature common in Caribbean Spanish dialects).
1212:(Papiamentu), with lexical and intonational differences. There are also minor differences between Curaçao and Bonaire.
4384:
4321:
Van Putte, Florimon; Van Putte-De Wind, Igma (2005). "Groot Woordenboek Papiaments Nederlands". Walburg Press, Zutphen
5056:
4629:
4413:
3544:
3356:
1986:
666:
One local development theory proposes that Papiamento developed in the Caribbean from an original Portuguese-African
538:
480:
149:
3861:
4897:
4613:
3561:
425:
4428:
1845:
Stress is very important in Papiamento. Many words have a very different meaning when a different stress is used:
969:
in Amsterdam on 1 July 2013, commemorating the 150th anniversary of the ending of slavery in the Dutch Caribbean.
742:) in those regions. Around those ports, several Portuguese-African pidgin and creole languages developed, such as
725:
islands. From the 16th to the late 17th centuries, most of the slaves taken to the Caribbean came from Portuguese
1646:
1342:
504:
5022:
4850:
1897:
When a noun ends in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u), the stress is placed upon the penultimate (before last) syllable:
761:
The similarity between Papiamento and the other Afro-Portuguese creoles can be seen in the same pronouns used,
542:
433:
1051:
283:
3361:
1192:-based spelling, presented by the Comision di Ortografia (Orthography Commission), presided by Jossy Mansur.
154:
236:
4724:
4480:
4401:
4366:
Blankenburg, Eleanor (1986). "Basic Papiamentu Grammar for English Speakers". Blankenburg Edition, Bonaire.
5217:
2146:
2130:
2098:
2094:
2086:
1819:
1799:
1779:
1759:
1739:
1719:
1699:
1679:
1659:
1600:
1570:
1540:
1510:
1480:
1450:
1420:
1390:
1360:
827:
791:, being Portuguese-based. Afro-Portuguese creoles often have a shift from "v" to "b" and from "o" to "u":
5499:
4606:
2509:
4500:
3836:
3666:
Quint, Nicolas (2000). "Le Cap Verdien: Origines et Devenir d'une Langue Métisse," L’Harmattan, Paris.
2004:
Many words are of Iberian origin, and it is impossible to label them as either Portuguese or Spanish:
1992:
Linguistic studies have shown that roughly 80% of the words in Papiamento's present vocabulary are of
5198:
4703:
4697:
3406:
4945:
4746:
4719:
4714:
4438:
3990:
3513:
627:
277:
52:
4312:(1991). "Dictionary English-Papiamento Papiamento-English". Edicionnan Clasico Diario, Oranjestad.
990:
Abraham Andrade to his mistress Sarah Vaz Parro, about a family meeting in the centre of Curaçao.
647:
was printed, the first printed book in Papiamento. In 2009 the Catecismo Corticu was added to the
4819:
4740:
4689:
3657:
Martinus, Efraim Frank (1996). A Kiss of the Slave: Papiamento and its West African Connections.
1205:
545:. Historical constraints, core vocabulary, and grammatical features that Papiamento shares with
499:
4995:
4708:
4279:"Papiamentu, Cultural Resistance, and Socio-Cultural Challenges: The ABC Islands in a Nutshell"
1175:
726:
534:
189:
69:
4180:
Jacobs, Bart (2009). "The Origins of Old Portuguese Features in Papiamento". FPI/UNA, Curaçao.
914:
4874:
4505:
2775:
906:
722:
5039:
4930:
4648:
4556:
4342:
Banko di Palabra – basic dictionary, based on the Unesco sponsored Papiamento spell checker
4318:
Joubert, Sidney (2007). "Handwoordenboek Papiaments-Nederlands". Joubert Press, Willemstad.
3819:
Artikel 2: De officiële talen zijn het Engels, het Nederlands en het Papiamento. (English:
3790:
2999:
1209:
898:
862:. The Creole was used for communication among slaves and between slaves and slave holders.
747:
697:
550:
508:
488:
4070:
Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2010). "Diccionario de Americanismos". Lima
1997:
1035:
My Life, send me a word what Becky came looking for in Punda, and then return as quickly.
8:
5489:
5231:
5034:
4958:
4935:
4808:
4643:
4587:
4546:
4536:
3004:
2994:
743:
651:
623:
546:
484:
464:
5104:
1025:
Mi Bida, manda palabra ku mi, kiko Becky a bini buska na Punda, i bolbe bai asina lihé.
1016:
Bida, manda gabla ku my, kico Bechy a biny busca na Punta & borbe bay asina presto.
5275:
5266:
5249:
5192:
5137:
5131:
4985:
4973:
4963:
4925:
4879:
4757:
4679:
4561:
4443:
4324:
Kramer, Johannes (2015). "Etymologische Studien zum Papiamento". Buske Verlag, Hamburg.
4290:
4263:
4233:
3518:
3371:
2779:
1331:
are based on Ibero-Romance and Dutch vowels. Papiamento has the following nine vowels:
1201:
956:
924:
472:
82:
4380:
Papiamento.aw, the Papiamento-language website of the Aruba government (in Papiamento)
4123:
537:, but scholars dispute whether Papiamento was derived from Portuguese and its derived
269:
5285:
5244:
5165:
5098:
4920:
4907:
4802:
4763:
4752:
4669:
4541:
4328:
4315:
Ratzlaff, Betty (2008). "Papiamento-Ingles, Dikshonario Bilingual". TWR Jong Bonaire.
3942:
3762:
3540:
3449:
3376:
3345:
2102:
2101:, descends from its pronunciation in the dialects of northern Portugal as well as of
1993:
936:
837:
705:
5179:
5028:
5008:
4598:
3812:
1937:
When a verb has more than two syllables, the stress is laid upon the last syllable:
570:(used for a person who performs an action, like 'painter'). The transformation from
467:(as spoken in the 15th and 16th centuries), and has been influenced considerably by
5331:
5280:
5211:
5074:
5064:
4968:
4953:
4869:
4854:
4571:
4167:
4159:
3968:
3960:
3921:
3712:
3704:
3577:
3567:
3009:
2981:
2767:
2757:(Just before dawn, the night is darkest): When need is greatest, salvation is near.
2539:
2529:
2505:
2090:
928:
905:
on 10 October 2010, Papiamento's official status was confirmed in the newly formed
751:
611:
605:
367:
313:
5363:
709:
changed with ownership, Papiamento became the constant language of the residents.
5310:
5151:
5085:
5079:
5046:
4884:
4780:
4566:
4551:
4408:
4247:
The Missing Spanish Creoles: Recovering the Birth of Plantation Contact Languages
3351:
2557:
966:
685:
599:
525:
429:
141:
122:
4402:
Curaçao and Bonaire Papiamentu official wordlist and orthography (in Papiamentu)
4222:"The Portuguese Language on Curaçao and Its Role in the Formation of Papiamentu"
843:
spoken on the Santiago island of Cape Verde and in Guinea-Bissau and Casamance.
622:
between Portugal and Spain during 1580–1640 period, their trade extended to the
5353:
5343:
5069:
4664:
4526:
4494:
4449:
3944:
The Discovery, Nature, and Implications of a Papiamentu Text Fragment from 1783
3622:
Dede pikiña ku su bisiña: Papiamentu-Nederlands en de onverwerkt verleden tijd.
2749:(He wants to fly with wings of butter): He wants to do more than he can handle.
2514:
932:
851:
755:
689:
674:
the depopulated Islas inútiles of Oroba, Islas de los Gigantes, and Buon Aire.
640:
631:
468:
420:
412:
178:
4033:
3926:
2551:
1910:
When a noun ends in a consonant, the stress is placed upon the last syllable:
654:
register. The first Papiamento newspaper was published in 1871 and was called
5483:
5468:
4915:
4369:
Frans-Muller, Xiomara (2017). "Papia Papiamentu ku mi". Expert book, Bonaire.
3636:
On the Development of Nominal and Verbal Morphology in Four Lusophone Creoles
3394:
987:
619:
42:
4979:
4148:"The Upper Guinea origins of Papiamentu: Linguistic and historical evidence"
3964:
3693:"The Upper Guinea origins of Papiamentu: Linguistic and historical evidence"
630:(WIC) took possession of the islands, deporting most of the small remaining
5404:
5118:
4674:
4433:
4363:
Goilo, Enrique R. (2000). "Papiamentu Textbook". De Wit Stores, Oranjestad.
4309:
4215:. Vol. 1: Theory and Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4163:
4023:
Goilo, Enrique R. (2000). "Papiamento Textbook". De Wit Stores, Oranjestad.
3708:
2534:
1982:
1181:
910:
682:
185:
62:
4330:
GUIA para los españoles hablar papiamento y viceversa: Para que los de ...
253:
5369:
3366:
1922:
When a verb has two syllables, the syllables are about equally stressed:
867:
591:
518:
5455:
4294:
4237:
4107:(in Papiamento). Komishon Liturgiko Diosesano di Obispado di Willemstad.
3917:
Identity via Papiamentu: From Marginalization to Language of Instruction
5384:
4434:
Papiamentu tur dia – A blog for English-speaking students of Papiamento
4335:
3889:"Katibu di Shon is an Unmistakable Enrichment of Our Cultural Heritage"
3638:. Seminar presentation given 6 November 2009, University of Pittsburgh.
3572:
3399:
1144:
Por ees motibo, noos ta esprimenta koe eel ta causa die toer disunion.
297:
Location map of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao, where Papiamento is spoken
3973:
3582:
901:, Papiamento was made an official language on 7 March 2007. After the
883:
445:
215:
5435:
5394:
5377:
4172:
3717:
2733:(That is where the pig's tail curls): That is where the problem lies.
1632:
1189:
1115:
918:
701:
292:
262:
246:
228:
5301:
3915:
5441:
5291:
4379:
4341:
4186:
Origins of a Creole: The History of Papiamentu and Its African Ties
4081:"films in focus: abo so and red, white and black: a sports odyssey"
3821:
Article 2: The official languages are English, Dutch and Papiamento
3758:
Creoles in Education: An Appraisal of Current Programs and Projects
1989:. Most of the words can be connected with their Portuguese origin.
4849:
4338:(1992). "Dikshonario Erotiko Papiamentu". Scherpenheuvel, Curaçao.
4147:
4134:
3692:
855:
838:
Linguistic and historical ties with Upper Guinea Portuguese Creole
670:, with later Dutch and Spanish (and even some Arawak) influences.
5348:
5337:
3423:"Invoeringswet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba"
2771:
1964:
887:
859:
441:
211:
4351:
609:("to chat, say, speak, talk"), added by the noun-forming suffix
529:
Catecismo Corticu – the first printed book in Papiamento in 1837
4531:
4390:
Aruba Papiamento spelling and orthography rules (in Papiamento)
2523:
1969:
1328:
1153:
Pa e motibo, nos ta experencia cu el ta causa di tur desunion.
667:
648:
3514:"Willemstad Journal: A Language Thrives in Its Caribbean Home"
3485:"From West Africa to the Antilles, Dynamic Portuguese Creoles"
3419:
Papiamento can be used in relations with the Dutch government.
4256:
Stemmen uit het Verleden: Indiaanse Woorden in het Papiamento
947:
894:
879:
519:
Do not do unto others what you do not want others do unto you
483:
of the West African coasts, as it has many similarities with
437:
403:
376:
322:
207:
4052:
1162:
For that reason, we declare that he caused all the discord.
818:
are pronounced the same. In creole, it is also written as a
4423:
4101:
Ritual di selebrashonnan liturgiko pa e aña di miserikordia
3755:
Migge, Bettina; Léglise, Isabelle; Bartens, Angela (2010).
3448:(3rd ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited/Longman.
1102:
This is written by your Jantje, once again adios, goodbye.
693:
394:
385:
382:
349:
340:
331:
328:
4195:
The Kiss of a Slave: Papiamento's West-African Connections
4135:"Papiamentu: A Diachronic Analysis of Its Core Morphology"
878:
Papiamento is spoken in all aspects of society throughout
4418:
2893:
Santificado seja o vosso nome. Venha a nós o vosso Reino;
2543:(Curaçao and Netherlands) also contains some Papiamento.
2504:
Aruba and Bonaire's national anthems are in Papiamento, "
1092:
Dit heeft uw Jantje geschreven, nogmaals adios, vaarwel.
4204:
The Story of Papiamentu: A Study in Slavery and Language
4125:
Le cap-verdien: origines et devenir d'une langue métisse
2093:
of some vowels is characteristic of Spanish. The use of
566:(meaning 'paint') and the Portuguese and Spanish suffix
2871:
como también nosotros perdonamos a los que nos ofenden.
2725:(A lot of foam, little chocolate): Too good to be true.
2434:
2408:
986:
The oldest letter dates from 1775. It was sent by the
4628:
3761:. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. p. 268.
3470:"Language and education in The Caribbean Netherlands"
716:
397:
370:
343:
316:
3624:
van Putte, Florimon., 1999. Zutphen: de Walburg Pers
3563:
Certain Aspects of the Dutch Influence on Papiamentu
400:
379:
373:
346:
325:
319:
4097:
3754:
477:
lexical similarities between Portuguese and Spanish
391:
388:
337:
334:
3669:
2874:No nos dejes caer en tentación y líbranos del mal.
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
645:Catecismo Corticu pa uso di catolicanan di Curaçao
4385:Aruba Papiamento language grammar (in Papiamento)
3950:
3940:
3536:Entwisted Tongues: Comparative Creole Literatures
2862:Hágase tu voluntad en la tierra como en el cielo.
68:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
5481:
5419:(Portuguese-based creole with Spanish influence)
4479:
4253:
4058:
3995:(Slide deck) (in Dutch) – via Docplayer.nl
3992:Papiamento: de emancipatie van een creoolse taal
3598:"First Catechism Written in Papiamentu Language"
2752:
2744:
2741:(Quick soup turns salty): Good things take time.
2736:
2728:
2720:
2706:
2700:
2693:
2687:
2680:
2674:
2667:
2661:
2654:
2648:
2641:
2635:
2622:
2615:
2603:
2596:
2584:
2577:
2571:
2485:
2472:
2459:
2446:
2428:
2415:
2402:
2389:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2342:
2329:
2316:
2303:
2285:
2272:
2259:
2246:
2234:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2208:
2202:
2195:
2189:
2150:
2140:
2134:
2124:
2112:
2106:
2077:
2065:
2058:
2046:
2039:
2027:
2020:
2008:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1923:
1911:
1898:
1880:
1871:
1859:
1850:
1826:
1806:
1786:
1766:
1746:
1726:
1706:
1686:
1666:
1617:
1607:
1587:
1577:
1557:
1547:
1527:
1517:
1497:
1487:
1467:
1457:
1437:
1427:
1407:
1397:
1377:
1367:
805:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
730:
597:The name of the language itself originates from
577:
555:
514:No hasi ku otro loke bo no ke pa otro hasi ku bo
512:
458:
452:
110:
3648:Paul Brenneker – Curacaoensia (Augustinus 1961)
2911:a quem nos tem ofendido. E não nos deixeis cair
2886:
2803:
850:he defends the hypothesis that Papiamento is a
432:. It is the most widely spoken language on the
4254:van Buurt, Gerard; Joubert, Sidney M. (1997).
2653:(Your mother is very beautiful) – Portuguese:
858:, a slave trading stronghold off the coast of
4835:
4614:
4465:
3566:(MA thesis). University of British Columbia.
2970:
2943:Thy will be done on Earth as it is in Heaven.
2609:
2590:
2291:
2278:
2265:
2252:
2118:
2071:
2052:
2033:
2014:
1109:
822:. Just as in Portuguese, an unaccented final
3686:
3684:
3348:(Papia Kristang, Malaccan Creole Portuguese)
2952:as we forgive those who trespass against us.
2846:
2819:Bo boluntad sea hasi na terra como na shelo.
2754:Ora dia ta serka di habri, nochi ta mas skur
2491:
1195:
893:Papiamento has been an official language of
700:, a group of Sephardic Jews immigrated from
463:in Bonaire and Curaçao, is largely based on
4249:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
4219:
3941:Jacobs, Bart; van der Wal, Marijke (2015).
3862:"First Opera in Papiamentu: Katibu di Shon"
2628:
2478:
2465:
2452:
2421:
2395:
2348:
2335:
2322:
2309:
1169:
661:
571:
561:
4842:
4828:
4621:
4607:
4472:
4458:
4439:"A Language Thrives in Its Caribbean Home"
4276:
4268:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3559:
2565:
1849:When both syllables are equally stressed,
603:, from Portuguese and Cape Verdean Creole
511:, with a message inscribed in Papiamento:
291:
4244:
4171:
3972:
3947:(Proof version) – via ResearchGate.
3925:
3789:(in Dutch). 13 March 2007. Archived from
3743:Studies in Latin American Popular Culture
3716:
3681:
3581:
3571:
2778:, compared with Spanish, Portuguese, and
2499:
1200:Papiamento has two main dialects, one in
1114:The third text dates from 1803. It is an
1042:
692:in the early development is unclear, but
560:, which is a combination of a Dutch root
4220:Joubert, Sidney; Perl, Matthias (2007).
4206:. New York: University Press of America.
4192:
3988:
3633:
3413:
2828:mescos cu nos ta pordona nos debedornan.
2550:
2133:is certainly Portuguese, but the use of
2089:can easily be traced to Portuguese, the
1963:
1322:
1050:
981:
524:
498:
3834:
3690:
3507:
3505:
2666:(During my school years) – Portuguese:
972:
903:dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles
643:school books and hymnals. In 1837, the
5482:
4197:(PhD thesis). University of Amsterdam.
4183:
4145:
4132:
3953:Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages
3675:
3511:
848:The Upper Guinea Origins of Papiamento
16:Creole language in the Dutch Caribbean
4823:
4602:
4453:
4347:Majstro English-Papiamento dictionary
4201:
4121:
4098:Ortega Fernández, José G. (c. 2016).
3913:
3615:
3560:Bouscholte, Jacoba Elisabeth (1978).
3482:
3443:
2902:O pão nosso de cada dia nos dai hoje.
1858:When the first syllable is stressed,
419:
5495:Portuguese-based pidgins and creoles
4352:Glosbe English-Papiamento dictionary
4210:
3886:
3817:(in Dutch) – via Overheid.nl.
3532:
3502:
1840:
704:. Therefore, it can be assumed that
20:
4414:Sorosoro, information on Papiamento
3483:Quint, Nicolas (8 September 2011).
978:of Papiamento did not change much.
798:
736:
683:Dutch-held territories in Northeast
590:due to a linguistic process called
503:Burial site and monument to Doctor
13:
4395:Aruba Papiamento official wordlist
4034:"Appendix:Papiamento Swadesh List"
3814:Tijdelijke wet officiële talen BES
3437:
3388:
2865:Danos hoy nuestro pan de cada día.
717:European and African origin theory
507:, the first prime minister of the
58:for transliterated languages, and
38:of its non-English content, using
14:
5521:
5510:Spanish-based pidgins and creoles
5505:Languages of the African diaspora
4630:Portuguese-based creole languages
4424:Nostisia, newspaper in Papiamento
4373:
4141:: 59–82 – via Academia.edu.
4085:Trinidad and Tobago Film Festival
3357:Portuguese-based creole languages
2958:but deliver us from the evil one.
2946:Give us this day our daily bread,
2770:in a register of Papiamento used
2123:in Spanish. The pronunciation of
2085:While the presence of word-final
873:
810:. In creole and also in Spanish,
539:Portuguese-based creole languages
481:Portuguese-based creole languages
150:Portuguese-based creole languages
4283:Journal of Caribbean Literatures
4226:Journal of Caribbean Literatures
4128:(in French). Paris: L'Harmattan.
3895:. Werkgroep Caraïbische letteren
3446:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
3405:
2955:And lead us not into temptation,
2831:Y no laga nos cai den tentacion,
2822:Duna nos awe nos pan di cada dia
2761:
2669:Na época dos meus anos escolares
1180:Papiamento is written using the
426:Portuguese-based creole language
366:
312:
76:may also be used - notably
25:
4419:Diario, newspaper in Papiamento
4303:
4193:Martinus, Efraim Frank (1996).
4114:
4091:
4073:
4064:
4026:
4017:
4008:
3999:
3982:
3934:
3907:
3880:
3854:
3828:
3805:
3775:
3748:
3735:
3725:
3660:
3651:
3642:
3627:
1867:, it means "eat!" (imperative).
931:are constant influences today.
505:Moises Frumencio da Costa Gomez
3590:
3553:
3526:
3476:
3462:
2890:Pai nosso, que estais nos céus
2714:
2512:" respectively. The newspaper
2442:Native American-origin words:
897:since May 2003. In the former
74:multilingual support templates
1:
5158:Los Llanos Colombia/Venezuela
4441:– Article by Simon Romero in
4429:Bible fragments in Papiamento
3783:"Papiaments officieel erkend"
3512:Romero, Simon (5 July 2010).
3382:
3362:Monogenetic theory of pidgins
2730:Einan e porko su rabo ta krul
2663:Na epoka di mi añanan eskolar
2576:(How are you?) – Portuguese:
1975:
4792:Portuguese lexical influence
4481:Languages of the Netherlands
4059:van Buurt & Joubert 1997
3949:(final version published in
3914:Jones, Addam Amauri (n.d.),
2561:explained in Caribbean style
2194:("butterfly") – Portuguese:
1317:
7:
4327:N.N., Los Editores (1876).
4245:McWhorter, John H. (2000).
3339:
2949:and forgive our trespasses,
2899:assim na terra como no céu.
2896:seja feita a vossa vontade,
2746:E ke bula ku ala di manteka
2546:
2510:Tera di Solo y suave biento
2070:("how much") – Portuguese:
1055:Boo Jantje letter from 1783
10:
5526:
5448:Coastal Argentina, Uruguay
5316:spoken by Catalan speakers
4357:
3634:Baptista, Marlyse (2009).
3103:¿Cómo estás? - ¿Cómo vás?
2971:Comparison of vocabularies
2905:Perdoai as nossas ofensas,
2856:Santificado sea tu nombre.
2816:laga bo Reino bini na nos.
2722:Hopi skuma, tiki chukulati
2589:(How is life?) – Spanish:
2537:in Papiamento; the comedy
2407:("Dutch person") – Bantu:
1959:
1827:
1807:
1787:
1767:
1747:
1727:
1707:
1687:
1667:
1618:
1608:
1588:
1578:
1558:
1548:
1528:
1518:
1498:
1488:
1468:
1458:
1438:
1428:
1408:
1398:
1378:
1368:
1173:
1131:
1126:
1110:Quant Court affidavit 1803
1069:
1064:
1003:
998:
950:in Papiamento, adapted by
494:
5427:
5324:
5262:
5125:Central western Argentina
5055:
4994:
4944:
4906:
4893:
4862:
4789:
4773:
4733:
4704:Cannanore Indo-Portuguese
4688:
4657:
4636:
4580:
4519:
4487:
3927:10.13140/RG.2.1.3774.7441
3820:
3721:– via Academia.edu.
2868:Perdona nuestras ofensas,
2804:
2533:(Curaçao) were the first
2518:is also in the language.
2185:Portuguese-origin words:
2013:("please") – Portuguese:
1640:
1336:
1294:
1277:
1260:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1224:
1196:Distribution and dialects
421:[ˌpaːpijaːˈmɛnts]
290:
276:
260:
244:
226:
221:
203:Official language in
201:
196:
175:
138:
128:
118:
109:
104:
4715:Daman and Diu Portuguese
4277:Eckkrammer, Eva (2007).
3989:Nicolaas, Quito (2016),
3930:– via Academia.edu
3745:, Vol. 36 (2018): 69–94.
2887:
2847:
2813:bo Nomber sea santifica,
2656:Vossa mãe é muito bonita
2640:(Not yet) – Portuguese:
2277:("trousers") – Spanish:
2233:("power") – Portuguese:
2220:("black") – Portuguese:
2051:("which") – Portuguese:
2032:("madam") – Portuguese:
1170:Orthography and spelling
662:Local development theory
628:Dutch West India Company
134:350.000 (2001–2024)
5205:Colombia-Ecuador border
4760:or Papiá Tugu (extinct)
4258:(in Dutch). Willemstad.
4202:Fouse, Gary C. (2002).
4122:Quint, Nicolas (2000).
3965:10.1075/jpcl.30.1.02jac
3057:Buen día - Buenos días
2825:y pordona nos nos debe,
2753:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2721:
2701:
2688:
2675:
2662:
2650:Bo mama ta mashá bunita
2649:
2636:
2623:
2604:
2585:
2572:
2566:Phrase and word samples
2556:
2492:
2486:
2479:
2473:
2466:
2460:
2453:
2451:("hurricane") – Taíno:
2447:
2435:
2429:
2416:
2409:
2403:
2390:
2377:
2369:
2361:
2343:
2330:
2317:
2304:
2286:
2273:
2260:
2247:
2229:
2216:
2203:
2190:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2151:
2135:
2125:
2107:
2066:
2047:
2028:
2009:
1948:
1939:
1930:
1924:
1912:
1899:
1881:
1872:
1860:
1851:
965:, was performed at the
806:
793:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
578:
556:
513:
459:
453:
111:
4851:Dialects and varieties
4720:Korlai Indo-Portuguese
4709:Cochin Indo-Portuguese
4211:Holm, John H. (1989).
4164:10.1075/dia.26.3.02jac
3835:Sanchez, Tara (n.d.).
3709:10.1075/dia.26.3.02jac
3691:Jacobs, Bart (2009a).
3094:Como está? Como vai? -
2917:mas livrai-nos do mal.
2853:que estás en el cielo.
2738:Sopi pura ta sali salo
2707:
2694:
2692:(Fight) – Portuguese:
2681:
2679:(Argue) – Portuguese:
2668:
2655:
2642:
2629:
2616:
2610:
2597:
2591:
2578:
2562:
2500:Literature and culture
2422:
2420:("to kneel") – Wolof:
2396:
2385:African-origin words:
2356:English-origin words:
2349:
2336:
2323:
2310:
2292:
2279:
2266:
2253:
2242:Spanish-origin words:
2235:
2222:
2209:
2207:("dog") – Portuguese:
2196:
2141:
2119:
2113:
2078:
2072:
2059:
2053:
2040:
2034:
2021:
2015:
1981:found in the standard
1972:
1176:Papiamento orthography
1056:
1043:Boo Jantje letter 1783
846:In Bart Jacob's study
731:
610:
604:
598:
582:involved changing the
572:
562:
530:
522:
451:The language, spelled
416:
190:Papiamento orthography
4725:Sri Lankan Portuguese
4188:. Berlin: De Gruyter.
4184:Jacobs, Bart (2012).
4146:Jacobs, Bart (2009).
4133:Jacobs, Bart (2008).
3539:. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
3533:Lang, George (2000).
3444:Wells, J. C. (2008).
3425:(in Dutch). wetten.nl
3126:Muy bien - Muy bueno
2937:hallowed be Thy name.
2834:ma libra nos di malo.
2776:Roman Catholic Church
2705:(Good) – Portuguese:
2627:(Thank you) – Dutch:
2554:
2334:("to read") – Dutch:
1968:Poems in Papiamento,
1967:
1893:The main rules are:
1323:Vowels and diphthongs
1054:
982:Piter May letter 1775
907:Caribbean Netherlands
723:Portuguese Cape Verde
528:
502:
4649:Guinea-Bissau Creole
4407:8 March 2021 at the
3887:Lobo, Jairo (2013).
3117:Muito bem, Muito bom
2908:assim como perdoamos
2608:(please) – Spanish:
2592:¿Cómo te va la vida?
2394:("peanut") – Kongo:
2299:Dutch-origin words:
2251:("city") – Spanish:
1987:Upper Guinea Creoles
1855:, it means "to eat".
973:Old Papiamento texts
899:Netherlands Antilles
748:Guinea-Bissau Creole
551:Guinea-Bissau Creole
535:West Iberian Romance
517:, roughly meaning: "
509:Netherlands Antilles
489:Guinea-Bissau Creole
36:specify the language
34:This article should
4790:Creoles with strong
4644:Cape Verdean Creole
4588:Dutch Sign Language
4213:Pidgins and Creoles
3893:Caraïbisch uitzicht
3787:Universiteit Leiden
3324:Eu gosto de Curaçao
2490:("ugly") – Arawak:
2347:("March") – Dutch:
2308:("apple") – Dutch:
2290:("man") – Spanish:
2264:("hat") – Spanish:
915:Paraguaná Peninsula
744:Cape Verdean Creole
652:Memory of the World
624:Spanish West Indies
547:Cape Verdean Creole
485:Cape Verdean Creole
159:Upper Guinea Creole
5500:Languages of Aruba
5092:Chiloé Archipelago
4698:Bengali Portuguese
4444:The New York Times
3841:Language Varieties
3573:10.14288/1.0094428
3519:The New York Times
3372:Joceline Clemencia
3330:N gosta di Curaçao
3327:N gosta di Curaçao
3097:Kuma ku bu na bai?
2934:who art in Heaven,
2780:King James English
2563:
2477:("farm") – Taíno:
2464:("corn") – Taíno:
2433:("wasp") – Bantu:
2381:– English: bicycle
2321:("book") – Dutch:
1973:
1129:Modern Papiamento
1067:Modern Papiamento
1057:
1001:Modern Papiamento
925:Venezuelan Spanish
531:
523:
473:Venezuelan Spanish
5477:
5476:
5463:
5449:
5420:
5410:
5400:
5390:
5373:
5307:
5297:
5258:
5257:
5239:
5238:Coastal Argentina
5225:
5206:
5187:
5173:
5159:
5145:
5126:
5112:
5111:Central Argentina
5093:
5018:
4817:
4816:
4803:Judaeo-Papiamento
4747:Flores Portuguese
4596:
4595:
3866:Repeating Islands
3768:978-90-272-5258-6
3455:978-1-4058-8118-0
3403:(25th ed., 2022)
3377:Judaeo-Papiamento
3346:Kristang language
3337:
3336:
3333:Me gusta Curazao
3218:Pasa un buen día
2968:
2967:
2940:Thy kingdom come.
2598:Como está a vida?
2373:– English: bottle
2155:is from Spanish.
1885:) means "eat it!"
1841:Stress and accent
1838:
1837:
1629:
1628:
1311:
1310:
1167:
1166:
1107:
1106:
1040:
1039:
937:lexical borrowing
826:is pronounced as
824:⟨o⟩
820:⟨b⟩
816:⟨v⟩
812:⟨v⟩
706:Judaeo-Portuguese
698:Eighty Years' War
658:(The Civilizer).
302:
301:
100:
99:
5517:
5461:
5447:
5418:
5409:(mixed language)
5408:
5398:
5388:
5367:
5305:
5295:
5237:
5223:
5204:
5185:
5171:
5157:
5143:
5124:
5110:
5091:
5012:
4904:
4903:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4821:
4820:
4741:Bidau Portuguese
4623:
4616:
4609:
4600:
4599:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4451:
4450:
4298:
4273:
4267:
4259:
4250:
4241:
4216:
4207:
4198:
4189:
4177:
4175:
4142:
4129:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4062:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4030:
4024:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4006:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3948:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3752:
3746:
3739:
3733:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3688:
3679:
3673:
3667:
3664:
3658:
3655:
3649:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3631:
3625:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3575:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3509:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3392:
3209:Tenha um bom dia
2978:
2977:
2785:
2784:
2756:
2748:
2740:
2732:
2724:
2710:
2704:
2697:
2691:
2684:
2678:
2671:
2665:
2658:
2652:
2645:
2639:
2632:
2626:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2586:Kon ta k'e bida?
2581:
2575:
2540:Bon Bini Holland
2530:Sensei Redenshon
2506:Aruba Dushi Tera
2495:
2489:
2482:
2476:
2469:
2463:
2456:
2450:
2438:
2432:
2425:
2419:
2412:
2406:
2399:
2393:
2380:
2372:
2364:
2352:
2346:
2339:
2333:
2326:
2320:
2313:
2307:
2295:
2289:
2282:
2276:
2269:
2263:
2256:
2250:
2238:
2232:
2225:
2219:
2212:
2206:
2199:
2193:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2154:
2149:) in the ending
2148:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2100:
2096:
2091:diphthongisation
2088:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2024:
2018:
2012:
1954:
1945:
1933:
1927:
1918:
1906:
1884:
1878:
1866:
1854:
1830:
1829:
1821:
1810:
1809:
1801:
1790:
1789:
1781:
1770:
1769:
1761:
1750:
1749:
1741:
1730:
1729:
1721:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1690:
1689:
1681:
1670:
1669:
1661:
1638:
1637:
1621:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1602:
1591:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1572:
1561:
1560:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1531:
1530:
1521:
1520:
1512:
1501:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1482:
1471:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1452:
1441:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1422:
1411:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1392:
1381:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1362:
1334:
1333:
1222:
1221:
1121:
1120:
1059:
1058:
993:
992:
960:
929:American English
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
803:
800:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
741:
740: factories
738:
734:
581:
575:
565:
559:
516:
462:
456:
423:
410:
409:
406:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
365:
356:
355:
352:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
311:
295:
286:
272:
256:
249:
240:
239:
231:
181:
144:
114:
102:
101:
95:
92:
86:
79:
67:
61:
57:
51:
47:
41:
29:
28:
21:
5525:
5524:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5480:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5462:Central America
5423:
5320:
5264:
5254:
5144:Coastal Ecuador
5051:
4990:
4946:Central America
4940:
4895:
4889:
4863:Africa and Asia
4858:
4848:
4818:
4813:
4791:
4785:
4769:
4734:Southeast Asian
4729:
4690:Indo-Portuguese
4684:
4653:
4632:
4627:
4597:
4592:
4576:
4515:
4483:
4478:
4409:Wayback Machine
4376:
4360:
4306:
4301:
4261:
4260:
4117:
4112:
4104:
4096:
4092:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4057:
4053:
4043:
4041:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4022:
4018:
4013:
4009:
4004:
4000:
3987:
3983:
3939:
3935:
3912:
3908:
3898:
3896:
3885:
3881:
3871:
3869:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3845:
3843:
3833:
3829:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3796:
3794:
3793:on 2 March 2008
3781:
3780:
3776:
3769:
3753:
3749:
3740:
3736:
3730:
3726:
3689:
3682:
3674:
3670:
3665:
3661:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3643:
3632:
3628:
3620:
3616:
3606:
3604:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3558:
3554:
3547:
3531:
3527:
3510:
3503:
3493:
3491:
3481:
3477:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3456:
3442:
3438:
3428:
3426:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3404:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3352:Creole language
3342:
3321:Mi gusta Corsou
3318:Mi gusta Kòrsou
3215:Pasa un bon dia
3212:Pasa un bon dia
3206:Pasa un bon dia
3203:Pasa un bon dia
3200:Have a nice day
2987:
2973:
2964:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2859:Venga tu reino.
2842:
2841:
2840:
2810:cu ta na shelo,
2764:
2717:
2568:
2555:The meaning of
2549:
2521:The 2013 films
2502:
2365:– English: back
2117:in Portuguese,
1978:
1962:
1955:("to promise").
1946:("to answer"),
1843:
1631:Papiamento has
1348:
1325:
1320:
1229:
1198:
1178:
1172:
1161:
1159:
1152:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1124:Old Papiamento
1112:
1101:
1099:
1091:
1080:
1062:Old Papiamento
1045:
1034:
1032:
1024:
1022:
1015:
1013:
996:Old Papiamento
984:
975:
967:Stadsschouwburg
961:from his novel
954:
952:Carel De Haseth
876:
840:
823:
819:
815:
811:
801:
739:
719:
664:
626:. In 1634, the
497:
430:Dutch Caribbean
369:
363:
362:
315:
309:
308:
298:
282:
268:
252:
245:
235:
234:
227:
214:
210:
204:
197:Official status
182:
177:
171:
155:Afro-Portuguese
145:
142:Language family
140:
131:
130:Native speakers
123:Dutch Caribbean
96:
90:
87:
81:
80:for Papiamento.
77:
65:
59:
55:
53:transliteration
49:
45:
39:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5523:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5431:
5429:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5411:
5401:
5391:
5381:
5374:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5354:Tetuani Ladino
5344:Judaeo-Spanish
5341:
5334:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5298:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5272:
5270:
5260:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5214:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5195:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5162:
5161:
5160:
5148:
5147:
5146:
5134:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5101:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5061:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5025:
5020:
5000:
4998:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4950:
4948:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4912:
4910:
4901:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4859:
4847:
4846:
4839:
4832:
4824:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4795:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4761:
4755:
4753:Papiá Kristang
4750:
4744:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4706:
4701:
4694:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4661:
4659:
4658:Gulf of Guinea
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4633:
4626:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4603:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4491:
4489:
4485:
4484:
4477:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4375:
4374:External links
4372:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4333:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4274:
4251:
4242:
4217:
4208:
4199:
4190:
4181:
4178:
4158:(3): 319–379.
4143:
4130:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4090:
4072:
4063:
4051:
4040:. 19 June 2020
4025:
4016:
4007:
3998:
3981:
3933:
3906:
3879:
3853:
3827:
3804:
3774:
3767:
3747:
3734:
3724:
3703:(3): 319–379.
3680:
3668:
3659:
3650:
3641:
3626:
3614:
3589:
3552:
3545:
3525:
3501:
3475:
3461:
3454:
3436:
3412:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3315:I like Curaçao
3312:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3183:Mi ta - Ami ta
3181:
3180:Mi ta - Ami ta
3178:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2850:Padre nuestro,
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2750:
2742:
2734:
2726:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2698:
2685:
2672:
2659:
2646:
2633:
2620:
2614:– Portuguese:
2601:
2595:– Portuguese:
2582:
2567:
2564:
2548:
2545:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2483:
2470:
2457:
2440:
2439:
2426:
2413:
2400:
2383:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2354:
2353:
2340:
2327:
2314:
2297:
2296:
2283:
2270:
2257:
2240:
2239:
2226:
2213:
2200:
2097:, rather than
2083:
2082:
2063:
2044:
2025:
1977:
1974:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1935:
1920:
1908:
1887:
1886:
1868:
1856:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1613:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1583:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1553:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1523:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1493:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1463:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1433:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1373:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1197:
1194:
1174:Main article:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1094:
1084:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1018:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
983:
980:
974:
971:
963:Katibu di Shon
933:Code-switching
875:
874:Present status
872:
839:
836:
804:), instead of
718:
715:
690:Sephardic Jews
663:
660:
641:Roman Catholic
496:
493:
428:spoken in the
300:
299:
296:
288:
287:
280:
274:
273:
266:
258:
257:
250:
242:
241:
232:
224:
223:
222:Language codes
219:
218:
205:
202:
199:
198:
194:
193:
183:
179:Writing system
176:
173:
172:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
165:
148:
146:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
120:
119:Native to
116:
115:
107:
106:
98:
97:
72:. Knowledge's
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5522:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5470:
5467:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5453:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5443:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5407:
5406:
5402:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5387:
5386:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5366:
5365:
5361:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5306:(Extremadura)
5304:
5303:
5299:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5261:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5236:
5235:
5234:
5233:
5229:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5219:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5177:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5163:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5149:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5058:
5057:South America
5054:
5048:
5045:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5011:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5004:United States
5002:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4996:North America
4993:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4899:
4898:Interamerican
4892:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4875:Equatoguinean
4873:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4856:
4852:
4845:
4840:
4838:
4833:
4831:
4826:
4825:
4822:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4788:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4732:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4624:
4619:
4617:
4612:
4610:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:Sign language
4579:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4475:
4470:
4468:
4463:
4461:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4310:Mansur, Jossy
4308:
4307:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4257:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4218:
4214:
4209:
4205:
4200:
4196:
4191:
4187:
4182:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4131:
4127:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4103:
4102:
4094:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4067:
4060:
4055:
4039:
4035:
4029:
4020:
4011:
4002:
3994:
3993:
3985:
3975:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3946:
3945:
3937:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3918:
3910:
3894:
3890:
3883:
3868:. 8 July 2013
3867:
3863:
3857:
3842:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3816:
3815:
3808:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3770:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3751:
3744:
3738:
3728:
3719:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3687:
3685:
3677:
3672:
3663:
3654:
3645:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3618:
3603:
3599:
3593:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3556:
3548:
3546:90-420-0737-0
3542:
3538:
3537:
3529:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3508:
3506:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3471:
3465:
3457:
3451:
3447:
3440:
3424:
3416:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3223:See you later
3222:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3100:Mo ki bu sta?
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
3000:Guinea-Bissau
2998:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2768:Lord's Prayer
2762:Lord's Prayer
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2709:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2560:
2559:
2553:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2535:feature films
2532:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2494:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2143:
2137:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2104:
2092:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1971:
1966:
1953:
1952:
1944:
1943:
1936:
1932:
1928:("to care"),
1926:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1833:
1831:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1743:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1614:
1612:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1584:
1582:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1554:
1552:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1524:
1522:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1494:
1492:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1464:
1462:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1434:
1432:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1404:
1402:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1374:
1372:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1315:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1244:Lead (metal)
1242:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1219:For example:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1163:
1156:
1154:
1147:
1145:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1103:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1049:
1036:
1028:
1026:
1019:
1017:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1000:
995:
994:
991:
989:
988:Sephardic Jew
979:
970:
968:
964:
958:
953:
949:
944:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
891:
889:
885:
881:
871:
869:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
844:
835:
831:
808:
795:
789:
783:
777:
771:
765:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
733:
728:
727:trading posts
724:
714:
710:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
684:
679:
675:
671:
669:
659:
657:
653:
650:
646:
642:
636:
633:
629:
625:
621:
620:Iberian Union
616:
614:
613:
608:
607:
602:
601:
595:
593:
589:
585:
580:
574:
569:
564:
558:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
527:
520:
515:
510:
506:
501:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
461:
457:in Aruba and
455:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
418:
414:
408:
360:
354:
306:
294:
289:
285:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
265:
264:
259:
255:
251:
248:
243:
238:
233:
230:
225:
220:
217:
213:
209:
206:
200:
195:
191:
187:
184:
180:
174:
164:
161:
160:
158:
157:
156:
153:
152:
151:
147:
143:
137:
133:
127:
124:
121:
117:
113:
108:
103:
94:
84:
75:
71:
64:
54:
44:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
5454:
5440:
5434:
5414:
5413:
5405:Media Lengua
5403:
5393:
5383:
5376:
5362:
5336:
5300:
5290:
5230:
5224:Coastal Peru
5216:
5197:
5186:Paisa Region
5178:
5164:
5150:
5136:
5117:
5103:
5084:
5040:Sabine River
5027:
5014:
5009:
4978:
4931:Puerto Rican
4857:by continent
4798:
4637:Upper Guinea
4520:Non-official
4510:
4506:West Frisian
4442:
4329:
4304:Dictionaries
4289:(1): 73–93.
4286:
4282:
4255:
4246:
4232:(1): 43–60.
4229:
4225:
4212:
4203:
4194:
4185:
4155:
4151:
4138:
4124:
4115:Bibliography
4100:
4093:
4084:
4075:
4066:
4054:
4042:. Retrieved
4037:
4028:
4019:
4010:
4001:
3991:
3984:
3959:(1): 44–62.
3956:
3952:
3943:
3936:
3916:
3909:
3897:. Retrieved
3892:
3882:
3870:. Retrieved
3865:
3856:
3844:. Retrieved
3840:
3837:"Papiamentu"
3830:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3795:. Retrieved
3791:the original
3786:
3777:
3757:
3750:
3742:
3737:
3727:
3700:
3696:
3671:
3662:
3653:
3644:
3635:
3629:
3617:
3605:. Retrieved
3601:
3592:
3562:
3555:
3535:
3528:
3517:
3492:. Retrieved
3488:
3478:
3464:
3445:
3439:
3427:. Retrieved
3415:
3398:
3390:
3241:Hasta luego
3085:How are you?
3039:Good morning
3005:Cape Verdean
2986:Curaçao and
2974:
2914:em tentação,
2772:liturgically
2765:
2538:
2528:
2527:(Aruba) and
2522:
2520:
2513:
2503:
2441:
2384:
2355:
2298:
2241:
2184:
2157:
2111:("nephew"):
2084:
2003:
1991:
1983:Swadesh list
1979:
1950:
1941:
1934:("to lack").
1914:
1901:
1892:
1888:
1874:
1861:
1844:
1825:
1805:
1785:
1765:
1745:
1725:
1705:
1685:
1665:
1630:
1616:
1606:
1586:
1576:
1556:
1546:
1526:
1516:
1496:
1486:
1466:
1456:
1436:
1426:
1406:
1396:
1376:
1366:
1326:
1312:
1228:Curaçao and
1218:
1214:
1199:
1186:
1182:Latin script
1179:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1113:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1077:
1046:
1029:
1020:
1011:
985:
976:
962:
945:
941:
923:
911:Sint Maarten
892:
877:
864:
847:
845:
841:
834:Papiamento.
832:
760:
720:
711:
680:
676:
672:
665:
655:
644:
637:
617:
596:
587:
583:
567:
543:from Spanish
532:
450:
358:
304:
303:
278:Linguasphere
261:
162:
88:
70:ISO 639 code
66:}}
60:{{
56:}}
50:{{
46:}}
40:{{
35:
18:
5370:Para-Romani
5232:Rioplatense
5172:Zulia State
5035:New Mexican
5023:Californian
4959:Costa Rican
4936:Trinidadian
4680:Principense
4557:Minangkabau
4336:Marugg, Tip
4152:Diachronica
3899:28 February
3872:28 February
3797:21 November
3697:Diachronica
3676:Jacobs 2008
3367:Linguistics
3149:Estoy bien
3091:Con ta bay?
3088:Kon ta bai?
3034:Bienvenido
2931:Our Father,
2794:Portuguese
2788:Papiamento
2715:Expressions
2573:Kon ta bai?
2436:ma-rimbondo
2139:instead of
2076:– Spanish:
2057:– Spanish:
2038:– Spanish:
2019:– Spanish:
1907:("donkey").
1879:(short for
1641:Diphthongs
1347:Curaçao and
1327:Papiamento
1236:Portuguese
1204:and one in
1031:Pietermaai.
955: [
868:Catholicism
802: wind
592:apocopation
434:ABC islands
5490:Papiamento
5484:Categories
5415:Papiamento
5385:Palenquero
5276:Andalusian
5267:Peninsular
5250:Venezuelan
5193:Paraguayan
5138:Equatorial
5132:Ecuadorian
4986:Salvadoran
4974:Nicaraguan
4964:Guatemalan
4926:Panamanian
4880:Philippine
4809:Saramaccan
4799:Papiamento
4774:East Asian
4670:Annobonese
4547:Limburgish
4537:Indonesian
4511:Papiamento
4497:(national)
4038:Wiktionary
3974:1887/43140
3583:2429/21045
3400:Ethnologue
3395:Papiamento
3383:References
2995:Portuguese
1976:Vocabulary
1651:Papiamento
1633:diphthongs
1559:onbeschoft
946:The first
852:relexified
656:Civilisadó
465:Portuguese
460:Papiamentu
454:Papiamento
417:Papiaments
359:Papiamentu
310:English:
305:Papiamento
163:Papiamento
112:Papiamentu
105:Papiamento
5436:Cocoliche
5395:Chavacano
5378:Spanglish
5296:(Galicia)
5286:Castilian
5245:Uruguayan
5166:Maracucho
5099:Colombian
4921:Dominican
4908:Caribbean
4766:(extinct)
4758:Mardijker
4749:(extinct)
4743:(extinct)
4711:(extinct)
4700:(extinct)
4562:Ripuarian
4552:Low Saxon
4264:cite book
4173:10961/207
3718:10961/207
3429:1 January
3301:Ainda não
3146:N sta bon
3143:N sta bon
3140:Estou bem
3137:Mi ta bon
3134:Mi ta bon
3131:I am fine
3120:Muitu bon
3114:Masha bon
3111:Mashá bon
3108:Very good
3062:Thank you
3031:Ben-vindu
3028:Ben-vindu
3025:Bem vindo
2807:Nos Tata,
2682:Bate boca
2676:Bati boka
2643:Ainda não
2617:Por favor
2611:Por favor
2605:Por fabor
2579:Como vai?
2430:maribomba
2197:borboleta
2191:barbulètè
2161:borboléta
2022:por favor
2016:por favor
2010:por fabor
1870:However,
1794:tortoise
1565:impolite
1318:Phonology
1307:Cuchillo
1190:etymology
1116:affidavit
919:Venezuela
732:feitorias
702:Amsterdam
475:. Due to
364:English:
284:51-AAC-be
263:Glottolog
247:ISO 639-3
229:ISO 639-2
91:July 2022
5456:Malespín
5442:Lunfardo
5399:(creole)
5389:(creole)
5332:Standard
5292:Castrapo
5281:Canarian
5218:Ribereño
5212:Peruvian
5105:Cordobés
5075:Bolivian
5065:Amazonic
4969:Honduran
4954:Belizean
4894:Americas
4870:Canarian
4781:Macanese
4764:Portugis
4542:Javanese
4527:Ambonese
4488:Official
4405:Archived
4295:40986319
4238:40986317
4139:Pharisis
4044:19 March
3846:19 March
3732:Curaçao.
3607:19 March
3494:19 March
3489:Sorosoro
3340:See also
3304:Inda nau
3298:Ainda no
3295:Ainda no
3232:Até logo
3229:Te aworo
3226:Te aweró
3160:Mi - Ami
3157:Mi - Ami
3123:Mutu bon
3080:Gracias
3077:Obrigadu
3074:Obrigadu
3071:Obrigado
3022:Bon bini
3019:Bon bini
2988:Bonaire
2797:English
2791:Spanish
2637:Ainda no
2547:Examples
2423:djongotó
2410:ma-kamba
2267:sombrero
2210:cachorro
2114:sobrinho
1998:Caquetío
1654:English
1549:ònbeskòp
1355:English
1239:Spanish
1230:Bonaire
1225:English
1134:English
1072:English
1006:English
913:and the
270:papi1253
5428:Extinct
5349:Haketia
5338:Llanito
5311:Murcian
5199:Pastuso
5152:Llanero
5086:Chilote
5080:Chilean
5047:Mexican
5015:Chicano
4980:Pachuco
4885:Saharan
4855:Spanish
4665:Angolar
4572:Yiddish
4501:English
4358:Grammar
4087:. 2013.
3310:Aún no
3307:Inda na
3292:Not yet
3264:Comida
3252:Cuminda
3249:Kuminda
3238:Te lógu
3235:Te logu
3195:Yo soy
3054:Bon dia
3051:Bon dia
3048:Bom dia
3045:Bon dia
3042:Bon dia
3016:Welcome
3010:Spanish
2982:English
2774:by the
2630:Dank je
2508:" and "
2454:juracán
2417:yongotá
2404:makamba
2378:baiskel
2167:katchor
2120:sobrino
2108:subrino
2103:Spanish
2035:senhora
1994:Iberian
1960:Lexicon
1788:morocoy
1625:bridge
1499:chikito
1445:ballet
1415:effect
1349:Bonaire
1337:Vowels
1301:Cuchiu
1253:Chumbo
1250:Chumbo
1247:Chumbu
1210:Bonaire
1206:Curaçao
1098:Jantje.
1079:Jantje.
888:Bonaire
884:Curaçao
860:Senegal
799:transl.
752:Angolar
737:transl.
495:History
446:Curaçao
442:Bonaire
424:) is a
216:Curaçao
212:Bonaire
83:See why
5302:Castúo
5263:Europe
5119:Cuyano
5070:Andean
5029:Isleño
4567:Romani
4532:Arabic
4293:
4236:
3765:
3602:UNESCO
3543:
3452:
3261:Kumida
3258:Kumida
3255:Comida
3186:Eu sou
2991:Aruba
2689:Bringa
2524:Abo So
2515:Diario
2493:muhusu
2480:conuco
2474:kunuku
2461:maishi
2397:mpinda
2293:hombre
2287:hòmber
2280:calzón
2274:karson
2261:sombré
2254:ciudad
2248:siudat
2079:cuánto
2073:quanto
2067:kuantu
2041:señora
2029:señora
1970:Leiden
1949:primin
1940:kontes
1882:kome é
1834:thumb
1824:ui in
1804:ou in
1784:oi in
1764:oi in
1744:eu in
1734:price
1724:ei in
1704:ei in
1694:fauna
1684:au in
1674:dance
1664:ai in
1589:cunucu
1579:kunuku
1505:small
1475:apple
1439:ballet
1409:efecto
1399:efekto
1329:vowels
1298:Kuchú
1295:Knife
1278:House
1261:Stick
1256:Plomo
1233:Aruba
807:viento
794:bientu
788:bos(o)
754:, and
686:Brazil
668:pidgin
649:UNESCO
632:Arawak
612:-mento
606:papear
579:verfdó
573:verver
557:verfdó
444:, and
5469:Bozal
5325:Other
5180:Paisa
4916:Cuban
4675:Forro
4495:Dutch
4291:JSTOR
4234:JSTOR
4105:(PDF)
3269:Bread
3189:Ami i
3068:Danki
3065:Danki
2961:Amen.
2920:Amén.
2877:Amén.
2837:Amèn.
2695:Briga
2624:Danki
2558:dushi
2487:mahos
2467:mahíz
2448:orkan
2391:pinda
2370:bòter
2350:maart
2337:lezen
2311:appel
2236:força
2230:forsa
2223:preto
2217:pretu
2204:kachó
2179:fórsa
2173:prétu
1931:falta
1913:hospi
1814:down
1774:join
1728:prijs
1714:that
1688:fauna
1668:baile
1615:u in
1605:ù in
1595:farm
1585:u in
1575:u in
1555:o in
1545:ò in
1535:work
1525:o in
1515:o in
1495:i in
1489:chikí
1485:i in
1469:appel
1465:e in
1455:e in
1435:e in
1429:balèt
1425:è in
1405:e in
1395:e in
1385:walk
1375:a in
1365:a in
1352:Aruba
1304:Faca
1290:Casa
1287:Casa
1273:Palo
1267:Palo
1264:Palu
1202:Aruba
959:]
948:opera
895:Aruba
880:Aruba
856:Gorée
756:Forro
600:papia
469:Dutch
438:Aruba
413:Dutch
357:) or
208:Aruba
186:Latin
5439:and
5364:Caló
5010:Caló
4270:link
4046:2022
3901:2022
3874:2022
3848:2022
3799:2011
3763:ISBN
3609:2022
3541:ISBN
3496:2022
3450:ISBN
3431:2011
3287:Pan
3246:Food
3192:Mi e
3177:I am
2766:The
2344:mart
2331:lesa
2324:boek
2318:buki
2305:apel
2176:and
2060:cuál
2054:qual
1925:sòru
1852:kome
1828:duim
1808:abou
1768:join
1754:far
1708:esey
1619:brug
1609:brùg
1529:obra
1519:obra
1459:apel
1379:cana
1369:kana
1284:Cas
1281:Kas
1270:Pau
1208:and
935:and
927:and
886:and
814:and
694:Jews
584:-dor
568:-dor
563:verf
549:and
487:and
471:and
43:lang
4853:of
4168:hdl
4160:doi
3969:hdl
3961:doi
3922:doi
3713:hdl
3705:doi
3578:hdl
3568:doi
3397:at
3284:Pon
3281:Pon
3278:Pão
3275:Pan
3272:Pan
3172:Yo
2708:Bom
2702:Bon
2362:bèk
2152:-no
2147:/ɲ/
2131:/u/
2129:as
2099:/v/
2095:/b/
2087:/u/
2048:kua
1915:tal
1875:m'é
1820:ʏi̯
1800:ɔu̯
1780:oi̯
1760:ɔi̯
1748:leu
1740:eu̯
1720:ɛi̯
1700:ei̯
1680:au̯
1660:ai̯
1647:IPA
1343:IPA
917:of
828:/u/
782:nos
588:-dó
586:to
576:to
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254:pap
237:pap
78:pap
63:IPA
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4262:{{
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1900:bu
1873:ko
1864:me
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