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1119:, where I have treated the matter in more detail...I may summarize my feelings thus: that the authorities should scrutinize God's Word so thoroughly as to be certain to impose nothing which is against it; if they act in this way, they shall in good conscience have control of the public churches and public worship – but without persecuting those who err from the right way." Because this stripped Church officials of any power some of their members (such as
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1034:, stuffed with references to ancient and modern authorities." When Grotius wrote asking for some notes "he received a treasure-house of ecclesiastical history. ...offering ammunition to Grotius, who gratefully accepted it". Around this time (April 1616) Grotius went to Amsterdam as part of his official duties, trying to persuade the civil authorities there to join Holland's majority view about church politics.
691:). Grotius sought to ground his defense of the seizure in terms of the natural principles of justice. In this, he had cast a net much wider than the case at hand; his interest was in the source and ground of war's lawfulness in general. The treatise was never published in full during Grotius' lifetime, perhaps because the court ruling in favor of the Company preempted the need to garner public support.
896:"who thundered loudly against the Leyden nomination and gaudily depicted Vorstius as a horrid heretic. He ordered his books to be publicly burnt in London, Cambridge, and Oxford, and he exerted continual pressure through his ambassador in the Hague, Ralph Winwood, to get the appointment cancelled." James began to shift his confidence from Oldenbarnevelt towards Maurice.
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redemption of civilization from the main cause of all that misery; who thought out for Europe the precepts of right reason in international law; who made them heard; who gave a noble change to the course of human affairs; whose thoughts, reasonings, suggestions, and appeals produced an environment in which came an evolution of humanity that still continues.
664:) in the Company also objected to the forceful seizure on moral grounds, and of course, the Portuguese demanded the return of their cargo. The scandal led to a public judicial hearing and a wider campaign to sway public (and international) opinion. It was in this wider context that representatives of the Company called upon Grotius to draft a
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672:
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As far as politics is concerned, Grotius is most often considered not so much as having brought new ideas, but rather as one who has introduced a new way of approaching political problems. For
Kingsbury and Roberts, "the most important direct contribution of lies in the way it systematically brings
1284:
ashamed of; I observed that men rush to arms for slight causes, or no cause at all, and that when arms have once been taken up there is no longer any respect for law, divine or human; it is as if, in accordance with a general decree, frenzy had openly been let loose for the committing of all crimes.
1283:
Fully convinced...that there is a common law among nations, which is valid alike for war and in war, I have had many and weighty reasons for undertaking to write upon the subject. Throughout the
Christian world I observed a lack of restraint in relation to war, such as even barbarous races should be
1203:
In 1631 he tried to return to
Holland, but the authorities remained hostile to him. He moved to Hamburg in 1632. But as early as 1634, the Swedes - a European superpower - sent him to Paris as ambassador. He remained ten years in this position where he had the mission to negotiate for Sweden the end
909:
The work is twenty-seven pages long, is "polemical and acrimonious" and only two-thirds of it speaks directly about ecclesiastical politics (mainly of synods and offices). The work met with a violent reaction from the
Counter-Remonstrants, and "It might be said that all Grotius' next works until his
859:
Leiden
University "was under the authority of the States of Holland – they were responsible, among other things, for the policy concerning appointments at this institution, which was governed in their name by a board of Curators – and, in the final instance, the States were responsible for
1278:
between
Catholic and Protestant European nations (Catholic France being in the otherwise Protestant camp), it is not surprising that Grotius was deeply concerned with matters of conflicts between nations and religions. His most lasting work, begun in prison and published during his exile in Paris,
1102:
The conflict between
Maurice and the States of Holland, led by Oldenbarnevelt and Grotius, about the Sharp Resolution and Holland's refusal to allow a National Synod, came to a head in July 1619 when a majority in the States General authorized Maurice to disband the auxiliary troops in Utrecht.
1633:
Into the very midst of all this welter of evil, at a point in time to all appearance hopeless, at a point in space apparently defenseless, in a nation of which every man, woman, and child was under sentence of death from its sovereign, was born a man who wrought as no other has ever done for a
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Many exiled
Remonstrants began to return to the Netherlands after the death of Prince Maurice in 1625 when toleration was granted to them. In 1630 they were allowed complete freedom to build and run churches and schools and to live anywhere in Holland. The Remonstrants guided by
892:, Grand Pensionary of Holland, had strongly promoted the appointment of Vorstius and began to defend their actions. Gomarus resigned his professorship at Leyden, in protest that Vorstius was not removed. The Counter-Remonstrants were also supported in their opposition by King
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towards
Remonstrants and Counter-Remonstrants. Grotius, (who acted during the controversy first as Attorney General of Holland, and later as a member of the Committee of Counsellors) was eventually asked to draft an edict to express the policy of toleration. This edict,
864:. The new peace would move the people's focus to the controversy and Arminius' followers. Grotius played a decisive part in this politico-religious conflict between the Remonstrants, supporters of religious tolerance, and the orthodox Calvinists or Counter-Remonstrants.
3600:
1758:
Works are listed in order of publication, with the exception of works published posthumously or after long delay (estimated composition dates are given). Where an
English translation is available, the most recently published translation is listed beneath the title.
1297:) was first published in 1625, dedicated to Grotius' current patron, Louis XIII. The treatise advances a system of principles of natural law, which are held to be binding on all people and nations regardless of local custom. The work is divided into three books:
1019:) he sent Grotius a copy out of friendship. This was a work "on the relationship between ecclesiastical and secular government" from the moderate counter-remonstrant viewpoint. In early 1616 Grotius also received the 36 page letter championing a remonstrant view
396:, who supported the idea that the sovereignty of a nation does not lie simply in a ruler through God's will, but originates in its people, who agree to confer such authority upon a ruler. It is also thought that Grotius was not the first to formulate the
906:, "a pamphlet...directed against an opponent, the Calvinist Franeker professor Lubbertus; it was ordered by Grotius' masters the States of Holland, and thus written for the occasion – though Grotius may already have had plans for such a book."
1764:
Martiani Minei Felicis Capellæ Carthaginiensis viri proconsularis Satyricon, in quo De nuptiis Philologiæ & Mercurij libri duo, & De septem artibus liberalibus libri singulares. Omnes, & emendati, & Notis, siue Februis Hug. Grotii
1700:. On the contrary, Schneewind argues that Grotius introduced the idea that "the conflict can not be eradicated and could not be dismissed, even in principle, by the most comprehensive metaphysical knowledge possible of how the world is made up".
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on 29 August 1618. They were tried by a court of delegated judges from the States General. Van Oldenbarnevelt was sentenced to death and was beheaded in 1619. Grotius was sentenced to life imprisonment and transferred to Loevestein Castle.
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The Life of the Truly Eminent and Learned Hugo Grotius: Containing a Copious and Circumstantial History of the Several Important and Honourable Negotiations in Which He was Employed; Together with a Critical Account of His
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of August 4, 1617). Such a measure undermined the unity of the Republic's military force, the very same reason Spain had managed to retake so much lost territory in the 1580s, something the Captain-General of the republic,
860:
dealing with any cases of heterodoxy among the professors." The domestic dissension resulting over Arminius' professorship was overshadowed by the continuing war with Spain, and the professor died in 1609 on the eve of the
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While in Paris, Grotius set about rendering into Latin prose a work which he had originally written as Dutch verse in prison, providing rudimentary yet systematic arguments for the truth of Christianity. The Dutch poem,
1457:, who had become an adult, began to perform her duties and brought him back to Stockholm. During the winter of 1644–1645 he went to Sweden in difficult conditions, which he decided to leave in the summer of 1645.
899:
Grotius joined the controversy by defending the civil authorities' power to appoint (independently of the wishes of religious authorities) whomever they wished to a university's faculty. He did this by writing
1988:(Defense of the actions which led to his arrest (This was for a long time the only source for what transpired during Grotius' trial in 1619, because the trial record was not published at the time. However,
2512:’ in Rhoda Schnur (ed.), Acta Conventus Neo-Latini Bonnensis: Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Neo-Latin Studies (Bonn 2003). Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies vol. 315, 2006
1327:
Book III takes up the question of what rules govern the conduct of war once it has begun; influentially, Grotius argued that all parties to war are bound by such rules, whether their cause is just or not.
564:
for the States of Holland in 1601. It was on this date that the States of Holland requested from Grotius an account of the United Provinces’ revolt against Spain; Grotius is indeed contemporary with the
1111:
From his imprisonment in Loevestein, Grotius made a written justification of his position "as to my views on the power of the Christian authorities in ecclesiastical matters, I refer to my...booklet
2922:. While they are probably apocryphal, his supposed last words—“By attempting many things, I have accomplished nothing”—do evoke the span of his life's work and his personal assessment of the results.
1228:". He theorized that Jesus' sacrificial death occurred in order for the Father to forgive while still maintaining his just rule over the universe. This idea, further developed by theologians such as
1103:
Grotius went on a mission to the States of Utrecht to stiffen their resistance against this move, but Maurice prevailed. The States General then authorized him to arrest Oldenbarnevelt, Grotius and
1066:
As the conflict between civil and religious authorities escalated, in order to maintain civil order Oldenbarnevelt eventually proposed that local authorities be given the power to raise troops (the
588:
His first occasion to write systematically on issues of international justice came in 1604, when he became involved in the legal proceedings following the seizure by Dutch merchants of a Portuguese
381:. Before him, rights were above all perceived as attached to objects; after him, they are seen as belonging to persons, as the expression of an ability to act or as a means of realizing something.
1692:. At the end of the 20th century, his work aroused renewed interest as a controversy over the originality of his ethical work developed. For Irwing, Grotius would only repeat the contributions of
1087:, on "the relations between the religious and secular authorities...Grotius had even cherished hopes that publication of this book would turn the tide and bring back peace to church and state".
585:
and was first finished in 1612. The States however did not publish it, possibly because of the way the work resonated with the politico-religious tensions within the Dutch Republic (see below).
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829:(the equivalent of a mayoral office) in 1613. Also in 1613, following the capture of two Dutch ships by the British, he was sent on a mission to London, a mission tailored to a man who wrote
653:), and though he did not have authorization from the company or the government to initiate the use of force, many shareholders were eager to accept the riches that he brought back to them.
1170:, where the authorities granted him an annual royal pension. Grotius lived in France almost continuously from 1621 to 1644. His stay coincides with the period (1624-1642) during which the
1030:
The letter was "a general introduction on (in)tolerance, mainly on the subject of predestination and the sacrament... an extensive, detailed and generally unfavourable review of Walaeus'
8688:
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which had been closed. During this time lawsuits were brought against the States of Holland by counter-remonstrant ministers and riots over the controversy broke out in Amsterdam.
4157:
Histoire du droit de la guerre (1700–1819), Introduction à l'histoire du droit international, avec une biographie des principaux auteurs de la doctrine de l'antiquité à nos jours
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was appointed to replace Jacobus Arminius as the theology chair at Leiden. Vorstius was soon seen by Counter-Remonstrants as moving beyond the teachings of Arminius into
737:, "That the Dominion of the British Sea, or That Which Incompasseth the Isle of Great Britain, is, and Ever Hath Been, a Part or Appendant of the Empire of that Island.
8953:
4648:
4355:
4036:
Hugo Grotius As Apologist for the Christian Religion: A Study of His Work De Veritate Religionis Christianae, 1640 (Studies in the History of Christian Thought)
1877:, ed. with introduction by J. Waszink (Latin/English edition), Leuven UP 2023. Bibliotheca Latinitatis Novae, ISBN 978 94 6270 351 3 / eISBN 978 94 6166 485 3,
1208:. During this period, he had been interested in the unity of Christians and published many texts that would posthumously (1679) be published under the title of
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1892:
only in: Hugo de Groot, "Kroniek van de Nederlandse Oorlog. De Opstand 1559-1588", ed. Jan Waszink (Nijmegen, Vantilt 2014), with introduction, index, plates.
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had a strong impact on the philosophical and theological debates and political developments of the 17th and 18th centuries. Among those he influenced were
773:. Grotius's notion of the freedom of the seas would persist until the mid-20th century, and it continues to be applied even to this day for much of the
556:". During his stay in France, he passed or bought a law degree from the University of Orleans. In Holland, Grotius earned an appointment as advocate to
970:
The edict "imposing moderation and toleration on the ministry", was backed up by Grotius with "thirty-one pages of quotations, mainly dealing with the
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416:, and Grotius may be considered the intellectual father of this first general peace settlement of modern times." Additionally, his contributions to
375:) for which Grotius has been called the "father of international law". Grotius has also contributed significantly to the evolution of the notion of
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805:, Grotius made considerable advances in his political career, being retained as Oldenbarnevelt's resident advisor in 1605, Advocate General of the
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Hugo Grotius, Meletius sive De iis quae inter Christianos conveniunt Epistola: Critical Edition with Translation, Commentary and Introduction
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with Spain in 1609 against Maurice's wishes). During this time Grotius made another attempt to address ecclesiastical politics by completing
1468:, ill and weather-beaten, and on August 28, 1645, he died; his body at last returned to the country of his youth, being laid to rest in the
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Unfortunately, this links leads to: "Forbidden. You don't have permission to access /files/Grotius_Collection.pdf on this server."
3511:. London: Printed by William Du-Gard, by appointment of the Council of State and sold at the Sign of the Ship at the New Exchange.
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Contemporary Maritime Piracy: International Law, Strategy, and Diplomacy at Sea: International Law, Strategy, and Diplomacy at Sea
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holds the Grotius Collection, which has a large number of books by and about Grotius. The collection was based on a donation from
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Grotius designed his theory to apply not only to states but also to rulers and subjects of law in general. Grotius's masterpiece
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was completed in late 1613 or early 1614. The edict put into practice a view that Grotius had been developing in his writings on
4022:
Hugo Grotius in the Contemporary Memory of International Law: Secularism, Liberalism, and the Politics of Restatement and Denial
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when he was just eleven years old. There he studied with some of the most acclaimed intellectuals in northern Europe, including
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Savage Republic: De Indis of Hugo Grotius, Republicanism and Dutch Hegemony within the Early Modern World-System (c. 1600–1619)
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set up a presbyterial organization. They established a theological seminary at Amsterdam where Grotius came to teach alongside
1079:, whom he had supported, and to eliminate the nuisance he perceived in Oldenbarnevelt (the latter had previously brokered the
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H. Grotius in the Contemporary Memory of Intl. Law: Secularism, Liberalism, & the Politics of Restatement & Denial
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Thomson, E. (15 November 2007). "France's Grotian moment? Hugo Grotius and Cardinal Richelieu's commercial statecraft".
1494:("Time is running away"); his last words were purportedly, "By understanding many things, I have accomplished nothing" (
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1716:
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Van Dam, Harm-Jan (1994). "De Imperio Summarum Potestatum Circa Sacra". In Henk J.M. Nellen & Edwin Rabbie (ed.).
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joined Lubberdus in expressing the view that tolerance in matters of doctrine was inadmissible, and in his 1615 works
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confirmed and therefore were still valid. They were useful in interpreting the content of natural law. Both Biblical
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could not allow with the treaty nearing its end. Maurice seized the opportunity to solidify the preeminence of the
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declared in 1990: "The idea of international society which Grotius propounded was given concrete expression in the
194:
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The Life of Hugo Grotius: With Brief Minutes of the Civil, Ecclesiastical, and Literary History of the Netherlands
1530:, who allowed him to use the French diplomatic mail in the first years of his exile. He was also friends with the
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Reinventing Redemption: The Methodist Doctrine of Atonement in Britain and America in the Long Nineteenth Century
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in 1609. However, it was opposed by the English by reason of force and he didn't obtain the return of the boats.
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4277:. The British Journal of Politics & International Relations, Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2010, p. 3–21
1324:; Grotius considers a wide variety of circumstances under which these rights of war attach and when they do not.
955:) ought to be enforced while differences on obscure theological doctrines should be left to private conscience.
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Property, Piracy and Punishment: Hugo Grotius on War and Booty in De Iure Praedae – Concepts and Contexts
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A Grotian Tradition of Theory and Practice?: Grotius, Law, and Moral Skepticism in the Thought of Hedley Bull
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doctrine, but he was one of the first to define expressly the idea of one society of states, governed not by
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to do things in His official and public capacity which in His private and personal capacity He deplores.'"
1579:
of Great Britain reacted very negatively to Grotius' presentation of the book during a diplomatic mission.
1279:
was a monumental effort to restrain such conflicts on the basis of a broad moral consensus. Grotius wrote:
683:
The result of Grotius' efforts in 1604/05 was a long, theory-laden treatise that he provisionally entitled
676:
649:, off present-day Singapore in 1603. Heemskerk was employed with the United Amsterdam Company (part of the
596:. Throughout his life Grotius wrote a variety of philological, theological and politico-theological works.
47:
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The Grotian Theology of International Law: Hugo Grotius and the Moral Fundament of International Relations
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Brett, Annabel (2 April 2002). "Natural Right and Civil Community: The Civil Philosophy of Hugo Grotius".
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Nellen, Henk (January 2012). "Minimal Religion, Deism, and Socinianism: On Grotius's Motives for Writing
951:): that only the basic tenets necessary for undergirding civil order (e.g., the existence of God and His
880:
and he was accused of teaching irreligion. Leading the call for Vorstius' removal was theology professor
455:
435:. Because of his theological underpinning of free trade, he is also considered an "economic theologist".
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4126:
Li, Hansong (2019). "Time, right and the justice of war and peace in Hugo Grotius's political thought".
3139:
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Property, Piracy and Punishment: Hugo Grotius on War and Booty in De iure praedae: Concepts and Contexts
704:, published 1609) Grotius formulated the new principle that the sea was international territory and all
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In early 1617 Grotius debated the question of giving counter-remonstrants the chance to preach in the
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arrest in 1618 form a vain attempt to repair the damage done by this book." Grotius would later write
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Ideological Origins of the Batavian Revolution: History and Politics in the Dutch Republic, 1747–1800
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had postulated the idea of freedom of the seas in a more rudimentary fashion under the principles of
4356:
Johannes Thumfart: "The Economic Theology of Free Trade. On the relationship between Hugo Grotius's
724:, competing fiercely with the Dutch for domination of world trade, opposed this idea and claimed in
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Selden, Grotius, and the Seventeenth-Century Intellectual Revolution in Moral and Political Theory,
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The Triumph of Liberty: A 2,000 Year History Told Through the Lives of Freedom's Greatest Champions
1648:
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After fading over time, the influence of Grotius's ideas revived in the 20th century following the
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History of Holland, from the beginning of the tenth to the end of the Eighteenth Century, Volume 2
1720:
Marble bas-relief of Grotius among 23 reliefs of great historical lawgivers in the chamber of the
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316:, but escaped hidden in a chest of books that was regularly brought to him and was transported to
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Tractaet van 't Ampt ende authoriteit eener hoogher Christelijcke overheid in kerckelijkcke zaken
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1916:(On the power of sovereigns concerning religious affairs; manuscript 1614–17) – pub. Paris, 1647
1708:, which he organizes for the first time from a body of principles rooted in the law of nature".
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and Alida van Overschie. His father was a man of learning, once having studied with the eminent
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The Rights of War and Peace: Political Thought and the International Order from Grotius to Kant
4365:, following Giorgio Agamben's enhancement of Carl Schmitt's notion of Political Theology". In:
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Hugo Grotius und die Antike. Römisches Recht und römische Ethik im frühneuzeitlichen Naturrecht
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Salter, John. (2001) "Hugo Grotius; Property and Consent." Political Theory 29, no. 4, 537–55.
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Hugo Grotius, Natural Rights Theories and the Rise of Dutch Power in the East Indies 1595–1615
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held him in high esteem. The French Enlightenment, on the other hand, was much more critical.
1366:, and by way of these philosophers his thinking became part of the cultural background of the
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Das Vertragsverständnis des Hugo Grotius. Zwischen Gerechtigkeit, Treue und Rechtsübertragung
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A defence of the Catholic faith concerning the satisfaction of Christ against Faustus Socinus
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A hand-book for travellers on the continent: being a guide through Holland, Belgium, Prussia
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4167:. Berlin and New York, de Gruyter, 2007, XIV, 546 S. (Arbeiten zur Kirchengeschichte, 103).
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Hugo Grotius in International Thought (Palgrave MacMillan History of International Thought)
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4493:. Leicester University Press for the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1996, 286pp
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Weeramantry, Christopher: "The Grotius Lecture Series: Opening Tribute to Hugo Grotius". (
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thus proved useful in the later development of theories of both private and criminal law.
716:), provided suitable ideological justification for the Dutch breaking up of various trade
19:"Hugo de Groot" redirects here. For the crash of the KLM plane known under that name, see
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5974:
5658:
5426:
5395:
4835:
4512:
4191:
3961:
Assen, The Netherlands: Royal Van Gorcum Publishers. A journal of Grotius studies, 1980–.
1858:(Annals and History of the Low Countries' War; manuscript 1612-13) – pub. Amsterdam, 1657
1576:
1469:
1454:
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residence in Paris, which remained his home until he was released from his post in 1645.
1371:
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636:
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describing the period from 1559 to 1609, was written in the style of the Roman historian
413:
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3983:
Haakonssen, Knud (19 August 2016). "Hugo Grotius and the History of Political Thought".
1697:
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in the field of international law and the decline of the natural law in philosophy. The
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5653:
5476:
5197:
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The Working Papers of Hugo Grotius : Transmission, Dispersal, and Loss, 1604-1864.
4282:
Customary International Law in Times of Fundamental Change: Recognizing Grotian Moments
4143:
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8357:
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5125:
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Four Seminal Thinkers in International Theory: Machiavelli, Grotius, Kant, and Mazzini
4498:
4476:, Cambridge UP, p. 315-338 (chapter 15) doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108182751.021
4472:———, 2021. 'Hugo Grotius: Historical Writings', in: R. Lesaffer and J. Nijman (eds.),
3716:
Seven great Statesmen in the warfare of humanity with unreason By Andrew Dickson White
1817:
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as his ancestors played an important role in local government since the 13th century.
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La philosophie du droit de Hugo Grotius et la théorie moderne du droit international,
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1966:(Introduction to Dutch Jurisprudence; written in Loevenstein) – pub. The Hague, 1631
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side. Two of his books have had a lasting impact in the field of international law:
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4453:
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The Position of the Individual in International Law according to Grotius and Vattel
4135:
4079:
3992:
3932:
International Law: A Contemporary Perspective (Studies on a Just World Order, No 2)
3901:
The Historical Argument for the Resurrection of Christ During the Deist Controversy
3850:
3587:
3546:
3459:
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2148:
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989:
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593:
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336:
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The 'Etiamsi Daremus' of Hugo Grotius: A Study in the Origins of International Law
8922:
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3576:"On Grotius's Mare liberum and Vitoria's de indis, following Agamben and Schmitt"
3428:
3424:
3324:
1933:
1704:
together practices and authorities on the traditional but fundamental subject of
1544:
1523:
1503:
1446:, was keen to have Grotius in his employ. Grotius accepted the offer and took up
1398:
and natural law originated in God and could therefore not contradict each other.
1146:. In the Netherlands today, he is mainly famous for this daring escape. Both the
873:
561:
502:
439:
6048:
4646:
Extensive catalogue of Grotius' writings at the Peace Palace Library, The Hague.
3996:
2137:"Andreas Fricius Modrevius—A Polish Political Theorist of the Sixteenth Century"
2006:. Student edn. Ed. Stephen C. Neff (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012)
1652:: "There is an old, old story about a theologian who was asked to reconcile the
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5390:
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5345:
5330:
5315:
5300:
5010:
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4937:
4567:
4534:
4179:
Hugo de Groot: Een leven in strijd om de vrede (official Dutch State biography)
4050:
Beyond the Anarchical Society: Grotius, Colonialism and Order in World Politics
3226:"Verhooren en andere bescheiden betreffende het rechtsgeding van Hugo de Groot"
2075:
1693:
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2868:
2160:
1383:
1255:
506:
348:
4706:
4331:. Brooklyn, NY: Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Law, 1908.
4289:
The Law of war: Grotius, Sidney, Locke and the political theory of rebellion
3977:
Natural Law and Moral Philosophy: From Grotius to the Scottish Enlightenment
3925:
Hugo Grotius, The Miracle of Holland: A Study in Political and Legal Thought
3652:
God, Locke, and Equality: Christian Foundations in Locke's Political Thought
3537:
Stahl, William H. (1965). "To a Better Understanding of Martianus Capella".
3055:
2338:
Hugo Grotius: A Lifelong Struggle for Peace in Church and State, 1583 – 1645
2119:
1816:(On the Antiquity of the Batavian Republic) – Leiden, 1610 (An extension of
539:
Martiani Minei Felicis Capellæ Carthaginiensis viri proconsularis Satyricon.
525:. At age 16 (1599), he published his first book: a scholarly edition of the
331:
and law during the 16th and 17th centuries. Along with the earlier works of
300:, jurist, statesman, poet and playwright. A teenage prodigy, he was born in
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6204:
6151:
6141:
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6096:
5785:
5732:
5727:
5511:
5421:
5360:
5340:
5227:
5151:
4932:
4774:
4606:
4486:
4303:
3780:
2533:
2525:
Annals of the War in the Low Countries, ed. with introduction by J. Waszink
2095:
1989:
1882:
1661:
1657:
1583:
1515:
1313:
845:
748:
730:
700:
367:
4083:
1382:. Therefore, his concept of natural law had a theological foundation. The
611:
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8507:
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7720:
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6441:
6306:
6161:
5946:
5742:
5516:
5355:
5234:
5217:
5212:
4886:
4750:
4194:. 2004. "The Justice of Assignment and Subjective Rights in Grotius," in
2523:
1689:
1603:
1379:
1355:
1317:
1236:
1147:
958:
948:
919:
915:
877:
769:
725:
671:
657:
574:
417:
409:
401:
344:
190:
135:
8917:
5176:
4348:
3246:
2883:. Vol. 07 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 954.
1785:(Comparison of Constitutions; manuscript 1601–02) – pub. Haarlem 1801–03
1498:). Significant friends and acquaintances of his included the theologian
1309:, arguing that there are some circumstances in which war is justifiable.
660:
questionable under Dutch statute, but a faction of shareholders (mostly
8840:
8537:
8497:
8492:
8103:
7911:
7811:
7660:
7580:
7352:
7243:
7085:
7028:
7005:
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6919:
6909:
6877:
6822:
6648:
6628:
6553:
6517:
6421:
6406:
6331:
6256:
6166:
6146:
6131:
6101:
5350:
5261:
5118:
5093:
5083:
5021:
4901:
4159:(in French). Aix en Provence: Presses universitaires d'Aix en Provence.
3558:
3438:
Palladini, Fiammetta (January 2012). "The Image of Christ in Grotius's
3208:
2168:
1779:(To Improve the Dutch Republic; manuscript 1601) – pub. The Hague, 1984
1677:
1618:, another theoretician of the natural law concept, was also skeptical.
1599:
1595:
1395:
1363:
1321:
1229:
1155:
1131:
1095:
1053:
1049:
822:
743:
It is generally assumed that Grotius first propounded the principle of
490:
482:, as well as of political distinction. His family was considered Delft
384:
Peter Borschberg suggests that Grotius was significantly influenced by
297:
312:
for his involvement in the controversies over religious policy of the
8567:
8432:
8277:
7801:
7740:
7297:
6940:
6867:
6852:
6773:
6693:
6688:
6613:
6568:
6548:
6527:
6512:
6492:
6477:
6341:
6301:
5192:
5113:
4988:
4662:
4203:
From Irenaeus to Grotius: A Sourcebook in Christian Political Thought
1900:(The Piety of the States of Holland and Westfriesland) – Leiden, 1613
1744:
1615:
1461:
1447:
1387:
1233:
1196:, was published in 1622, the Latin treatise in 1627, under the title
1151:
849:
826:
818:
774:
763:) in the year of 1604. Additionally, 16th century Spanish theologian
661:
557:
424:
423:
helped provide the seeds for later Arminian-based movements, such as
317:
4496:
Wight, Martin (author); Wight, Gabriele (ed.); Porter, Brian (ed.):
4210:
A Normative Approach to War: Peace, War, and Justice in Hugo Grotius
4165:
Hugo Grotius. Ein christlicher Humanist in politischer Verantwortung
4029:
3624:
Hugo Grotius Theologian – Essays in Honor of G.H.M. Posthumus Meyjes
3550:
3200:
3079:
2578:
was taken under the laws of war by Dutch Admiral Jacob van Heemskerk
2152:
1998:(On the Law of War and Peace) – Paris, 1625 (2nd ed. Amsterdam 1631)
1158:
in Delft claim to have the original book chest in their collection.
8512:
8076:
7655:
7392:
6985:
6950:
6924:
6904:
6857:
6668:
6623:
6507:
6411:
6401:
6366:
6336:
5551:
5146:
5139:
4556:
4552:
4444:
Waszink, Jan (13 September 2012). "Lipsius and Grotius: Tacitism".
4266:
The Natural Law: A Study in Legal and Social History and Philosophy
3830:, Singapore and Leiden: Singapore University Press and KITLV Press.
3825:
3689:
Hugo Grotius: The Father of the Modern Science of International Law
3575:
1653:
1607:
1142:, Grotius managed to escape the castle in a book chest and fled to
1076:
837:
717:
498:
420:
293:
186:
139:
4630:
4622:
3799:
2588:
2586:
2054:(Commentaries on the New Testament) – Amsterdam and Paris, 1641–50
1021:
Dissertatio epistolica de Iure magistratus in rebus ecclesiasticis
408:
but by actual laws and mutual agreement to enforce those laws. As
8893:
8778:
8367:
8113:
8026:
6914:
6882:
6872:
6643:
6603:
6436:
6361:
6346:
6326:
4669:
3654:. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press. pp. 189, 208.
2120:"Andrzej FRYCZ Modrzewski (Fricius Modrevius)" with bibliography.
2036:(Dissertation of the origin of the American peoples) – Paris 1642
1465:
1442:, regent of the successor of the recently deceased Swedish king,
1306:
856:, whose supporters are termed Gomarists or Counter-Remonstrants.
814:
810:
779:
application of the concept and the scope of its reach is changing
721:
665:
640:
589:
582:
553:
450:
405:
84:
66:
8905:
8149:
2733:, AppendixA translation edict is printed in full in the appendix
8760:
6862:
6663:
6451:
6426:
6416:
6386:
6371:
5222:
3881:. London: printed for A. Millar, 1754. Also Echo Library, 2006.
3451:
3379:
2896:"Hugo de Groot: one of the greatest Dutch thinkers of all time"
2583:
2305:
1949:
1562:
1534:
1435:
1431:
1391:
1375:
705:
377:
321:
4719:
3930:
Falk, Richard A.; Kratochwil, Friedrich; Mendlovitz, Saul H.:
3827:
Hugo Grotius, the Portuguese and Free Trade in the East Indies
2293:
Hugo Grotius, the Portuguese and Free Trade in the East Indies
1123:
in a letter to Lubbertus) declared Grotius' ideas diabolical.
840:
controversy broke out between the chair of theology at Leiden
6892:
6381:
6316:
5108:
4383:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1982, 196pp
3946:
Studies of Political Thought from Gerson to Grotius 1414–1625
2115:
1982:(Proof of the True Religion; didactic poem) – Rotterdam, 1622
1271:
1167:
1143:
963:
709:
570:
552:
would have presented Grotius to his court as "the miracle of
548:
to a diplomatic mission in Paris. On this occasion, the King
463:
393:
301:
62:
3258:
Hugo Grotius: Ordinum Hollandiae ac Westfrisiae Pietas, 1613
2872:
2724:
2471:. New York, NY: Global Scholarly Publications. p. 223.
1178:. In France in 1625 Grotius published his most famous book,
8517:
6887:
6311:
4632:
Physicarum disputationum septima de infinito, loco et vacuo
3306:
The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477–1806
3019:
2777:
2568:. The National Library Board, Government of Singapore. 2021
2469:
A History of Political Philosophy: From Thucydides to Locke
1590:
and the main representatives of the Scottish Enlightenment
1460:
While departing from his last visit to Sweden, Grotius was
806:
247:
244:
238:
4293:
Britain and the Netherlands, vol. XI The Exchange of Ideas
4196:
Bonds of Imperfection: Christian Politics Past and Present
3756:
The Debate That Changed the West: Grotius versus Althusius
2634:
2407:
1671:
241:
6456:
6351:
4587:
4310:. New Haven, Yale University Press, 2001, pp. 318–44
4172:
Hugo Grotius On the Law of War and Peace: Student Edition
4111:, 1946, "The Grotian Tradition in International Law," in
3893:
Grotius to Gassendi (Essays on Early Modern Philosophers)
3837:. Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog, 1974, 275pp
3745:(Peace Palace Library, The Hague) and 'Grotius, Hugo' in
3155:
Bull, Hedley; Roberts, Adam; Kingsbury, Benedict (2003).
2813:
2663:
2528:. Bibliotheca Latinitatis Novae. Leuven (BE): Leuven UP.
2493:"Hugo Grotius | Dutch statesman and scholar | Britannica"
2268:"Hugo Grotius | Dutch statesman and scholar | Britannica"
2262:
2260:
994:
Den Recht-gematigden Christen: Ofte vande waere Moderatie
872:
The controversy expanded when the Remonstrant theologian
867:
784:
431:; Grotius is acknowledged as a significant figure in the
232:
4406:
for the Press: Hugo Grotius’ Rewriting of Chapter 12 of
3496:
Schneewind, J.B. (1993). "Kant and natural law ethics".
3486:
3187:
Forde, Steven (1998). "Hugo Grotius on Ethics and War".
3085:
1676:
The influence of Grotius declined following the rise of
1232:, became one of the prominent views of the atonement in
1138:
In 1621, with the help of his wife and his maidservant,
497:. He groomed his son from an early age in a traditional
327:
Grotius was a major figure in the fields of philosophy,
3871:
Natural Law and the Theory of Property: Grotius to Hume
3508:
Mare Clausum. Of the Dominion, or, Ownership of the Sea
3251:. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
2995:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2925:
2753:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2431:
1259:
Title page from the second edition (Amsterdam 1631) of
982:
in 1614. Later that year Grotius anonymously published
4052:. Port Chester, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 2002
3043:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2257:
2014:(On the Truth of the Christian religion) – Paris, 1627
1430:
In 1634 Grotius was given the opportunity to serve as
1134:, presumed to be that in which Grotius escaped in 1621
1056:
Castle at the time of Grotius' imprisonment in 1618–21
635:. Near the start of the war, Grotius's cousin captain
266:; 10 April 1583 – 28 August 1645), also known as
8882:
4381:
Natural Rights Theories: Their Origin and Development
4016:(in French). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
3091:
2801:
2675:
2508:
and: J. Waszink, ‘Tacitism in Holland: Hugo Grotius'
2388:
2295:, Singapore and Leiden, NUS Press & KITLV Press,
2048:(Commentaries on the Old Testament) – Amsterdam, 1644
1614:
developed an alternative conception of human nature.
615:
Page written in Grotius' hand from the manuscript of
259:
250:
4624:
Logicarum disputationum quarta de postpraedicamentis
3747:
Dictionary of Seventeenth Century Dutch Philosophers
3615:
Dictionary of Seventeenth Century Dutch Philosophers
3154:
3067:
3061:
3007:
2962:
2622:
2598:
2311:
1575:
in his saddle when leading his troops. In contrast,
320:. Grotius wrote most of his major works in exile in
235:
3955:. Twayne Publishers Inc., Boston, U.S., 1986, 161pp
3835:
Eigentumstheorien von Grotius bis Kant (Problemata)
3433:(1st ed.). New York: Macmillan Co. p. 62.
2825:
2789:
2687:
2646:
2521:
2443:
2317:
1791:(On the Indies; manuscript 1604–05) – pub. 1868 as
1621:
1526:, and the French ambassador in the Dutch Republic,
1215:
229:
4438:Three Stages in the Evolution of International Law
3031:
2913:
2765:
2610:
2391:Just War Thinkers: From Cicero to the 21st Century
1942:Defensio fidei catholicae de satisfactione Christi
4205:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1999, 858pp
3115:
2983:
2419:
2389:Brunstetter, Daniel R.; O’Driscoll, Cian (2017).
1930:De satisfactione Christi adversus Faustum Socinum
8930:
3675:Le Moniteur des Indes-Orientales et Occidentales
3103:
2849:
2837:
2522:Grotius and Waszink (2023). Waszink, Jan (ed.).
2081:English school of international relations theory
1864:The Annals and History of the Low-Countrey-warrs
1832:, ed. Jan Waszink and others (van Gorcum, 2000).
1312:Book II identifies three 'just causes' for war:
1220:Grotius also developed a particular view of the
544:In 1598, at the age of 15 years, he accompanied
8954:17th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
3895:. Garland Publishing Inc, New York, 1992, 302pp
3608:(Phd thesis). Stirling: University of Stirling.
3515:
3137:
3025:
2783:
2466:
1964:Inleydinge tot de Hollantsche rechtsgeleertheit
1800:(The Passion of Christ; tragedy) – Leiden, 1608
1582:Some philosophers, notably Protestants such as
1062:Trial of Oldenbarnevelt, Grotius and Hogerbeets
844:and his followers (who are called Arminians or
541:It remained a reference for several centuries.
4045:. Palgrave Macmillan, 1st edition, 2006, 224pp
3417:Ecclesia reformata: Studies on the Reformation
1773:(The Exile of Adam; tragedy) – The Hague, 1601
1543:Grotius was the father of regent and diplomat
8959:17th-century Dutch dramatists and playwrights
8165:
6272:
5037:
4735:
4711:
4659:The Correspondence of Hugo de Groot (Grotius)
4275:Adam Smith and the Grotian Theory of Property
4201:O'Donovan, Oliver; O'Donovan, Joan Lockwood:
4122:(Rome: Pontificium Athenaeum Internationale).
3308:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 447–449.
3255:
3244:
2819:
2669:
1684:has nevertheless re-issued and re-translated
9129:Philosophy and thought in the Dutch Republic
6778:
5166:
5137:
5123:
4635:; disputation, aged 14, at Leiden University
4627:; disputation, aged 14, at Leiden University
4502:. Oxford University Press, USA, 2005, 230 pp
4291:in Simon Groenveld and Michael Wintle (eds)
4011:
3953:Hugo Grotius (Twayne's World Authors Series)
3918:The Life and Legal Writings of Hugo Grotius.
3794:. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms, 1980
3630:
2592:
1849:, ed. G.H.M. Posthumus Meyjes (Brill, 1988).
1571:, was said to have always carried a copy of
1563:From his time to the end of the 17th century
1496:Door veel te begrijpen, heb ik niets bereikt
1464:on the voyage. He washed up on the shore of
6714:
5232:
4222:Powell, Jim; Powell, James; Johnson, Paul:
3873:. Oxford University Press, USA, 1993, 344pp
3668:
3442:: Some Thoughts on Grotius's Socinianism".
3264:
2759:
2437:
2034:De origine gentium Americanarum dissertatio
1711:
751:and other Asian seas accepted the right of
8172:
8158:
6279:
6265:
5044:
5030:
4742:
4728:
4491:International Theory: the Three Traditions
4241:; Manson, Edward William Donoghue (eds.).
3982:
3671:"Nécrologie de Jhr. Hugo Cornets de Groot"
3495:
3288:Revolt in 2100 & Methuselah's Children
3245:Grotius, Hugo; Kelsey, Francis W. (1925).
3049:
2748:De imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra
2042:(The way to religious peace) – Paris, 1642
1992:edited this trial record in) – Paris, 1922
1922:De imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra
1914:De imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra
1664:. 'The Almighty,' he explained, 'finds it
1117:De Imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra
1085:De Imperio Summarum Potestatum circa Sacra
603:; they had three daughters and four sons.
38:
4519:. Princeton University Press, 1998, 410pp
4174:. Cambridge University Press, 2012, 546pp
4014:Grotius et la doctrine de la guerre juste
3948:. Cambridge University Press, 1907, 258pp
3920:Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
3613:van Bunge, Wiep (2017). "Grotius, Hugo".
3612:
3437:
3414:
3097:
2681:
2004:Hugo Grotius: On the Law of War and Peace
1242:
656:Not only was the legality of keeping the
9029:Dutch Calvinist and Reformed theologians
8689:Fundamental theory of Catholic canon law
6286:
5051:
4588:Short Title Catalogue Netherlands (STCN)
4517:Natural Rights and the New Republicanism
4329:The Influence of Grotius in the Far East
4229:
4073:
3753:
3725:Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart
3685:
3573:
3423:
3282:
3273:
3176:Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart
3157:Hugo Grotius and International Relations
3001:
2945:"Hugo Grotius - Later life | Britannica"
2867:
2730:
2640:
2628:
2413:
2323:
2109:
1932:(On the satisfaction of Christ against
1906:Ordinum Hollandiae ac Westfrisiae pietas
1898:Ordinum Hollandiae ac Westfrisiae pietas
1727:
1715:
1479:
1345:
1295:On the Law of War and Peace: Three books
1254:
1125:
1089:
1048:
1003:In late 1615, when Middelburg professor
957:
801:Aided by his continued association with
797:Ordinum Hollandiae ac Westfrisiae pietas
670:
610:
449:
339:, his writings laid the foundations for
16:Dutch philosopher and jurist (1583–1645)
7862:Reflections on the Revolution in France
4474:The Cambridge Companion to Hugo Grotius
4443:
4334:
4308:Rhetoric and Law in Early Modern Europe
4245:. London: John Murray. pp. 169–184
3649:
3621:
3430:A concise history of the law of nations
2893:
2831:
2718:
2193:, Oxford University Press, 2017, p. 36.
1947:
1672:Revival of interest in the 20th century
1550:
1378:was not an entity in itself, but God's
579:Annales et Historiae de rebus Belgicis,
9144:Dutch international relations scholars
8931:
4846:Conditional preservation of the saints
4226:. Free Press, 1st edition, 2002, 574pp
4212:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993, 421pp
4154:
3939:Hugo Grotius: Mare Liberum (1609–2009)
3907:
3598:
3504:
3365:
3352:
3322:
3303:
3294:
3073:
3037:
2977:
2919:
2807:
2795:
2771:
2657:
2616:
2604:
2510:Annales et Historiae de rebus Belgicis
2454:
2335:
2233:
2202:
1944:, ed. Edwin Rabbie (van Gorcum, 1990).
1875:Annals of the War in the Low Countries
1856:Annales et Historiae de rebus Belgicis
1830:The Antiquity of the Batavian Republic
1115:and especially to an unpublished book
925:
868:Controversy within Dutch Protestantism
785:Arminian controversy, arrest and exile
9069:Dutch male dramatists and playwrights
8153:
6260:
5282:
5063:
5025:
4723:
4710:
4113:British Yearbook of International Law
3898:
3840:
3713:
3692:. New York: Oxford University Press.
3536:
3265:Grotius, Hugo; Blom, Hans W. (2009).
3256:Grotius, Hugo; Rabbie, Edwin (1995).
3223:
3189:The American Political Science Review
3186:
3121:
3013:
2989:
2425:
2359:
2357:
2227:
2196:
2123:Virtual Library of Polish Literature.
1924:, ed. Harm-Jan van Dam (Brill, 2001).
1840:(manuscript 1611) – pub. Leiden, 1988
1522:, the Orientalist and Arabic scholar
287:
274:
4979:Arminianism in the Church of England
4388:Philosophy and Government: 1572–1651
3937:Feenstra, Robert; Vervliet, Jeroen:
3797:
3722:
3631:van Ittersum, Martine Julia (2006).
3343:
3173:
3109:
2931:
2855:
2843:
2363:
2134:
2022:, ed. John Clarke (Edinburgh, 1819).
1869:- Modern English translation of the
1845:
1814:De antiquitate reipublicae Batavicae
1000:Trigland denounced Grotius' stance.
998:Advys Over een Concept van moderatie
980:Responsio Ad Pietatem Hugonis Grotii
791:History of Calvinist–Arminian debate
720:through its formidable naval power.
712:. Grotius, by claiming 'free seas' (
489:Jan de Groot was also translator of
9014:Calvinist and Reformed philosophers
8851:
8617:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
7972:The End of History and the Last Man
7882:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
4694:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4675:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4419:van Ittersum, Martine Julia. 2024.
4400:van Ittersum, Martine Julia, 2007.
4374:The Just War in Aquinas and Grotius
4362:Relectio de Indis recenter inventis
4070:. London: Sweet & Maxwell, Ltd.
3912:. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock.
3804:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3787:, 3rd ed. (Rotterdam: Michel Bohm).
3743:Catalogue of the Grotius Collection
3669:von Siebold, Philipp Franz (1847).
3489:Catalogue of the Grotius Collection
3359:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2894:Spuyman, Ceren (10 December 2019).
2467:Korab-Karpowicz, W. Julian (2010).
2030:(Joseph; tragedy) – Amsterdam, 1635
2020:The Truth of the Christian Religion
1866:, ed. Thomas Manley (London, 1665):
1806:(The Free Seas; from chapter 12 of
1386:contained moral precepts (e.g. the
1073:Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange
1044:
13:
4682:
4433:, Bibliotheca Visseriana, Vol. VI.
4284:. Cambridge University Press, 2013
4125:
4068:The Life and Works of Hugo Grotius
3979:. Cambridge University Press, 1996
3970:Revue de Metaphysique et de Morale
3785:Dictionaire historique et critique
3736:
3723:Wolf, Ernst (1986). "Naturrecht".
3440:De Veritate Religionis Christianae
3299:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3174:Elze, M. (1958). "Grotius, Hugo".
3062:Bull, Roberts & Kingsbury 2003
2354:
2312:Bull, Roberts & Kingsbury 2003
2012:De veritate religionis Christianae
1888:- Modern Dutch translation of the
1301:Book I advances his conception of
1198:De veritate religionis Christianae
1174:led France under the authority of
708:were free to use it for seafaring
14:
9165:
8179:
4523:
3518:"Hugo de Groot - Slot Loevestein"
3487:Peace Palace (The Hague) (1983).
2141:American Political Science Review
2098:- an asteroid named after Grotius
2052:Annotationes in Novum Testamentum
2046:Annotationes in Vetus Testamentum
1908:, ed. Edwin Rabbie (Brill, 1995).
1753:De jure belli ac pacis libri tres
1733:Annotationes ad Vetus Testamentum
1290:De jure belli ac pacis libri tres
470:, Grotius was the first child of
9099:Historians of the Dutch Republic
8916:
8904:
8892:
8850:
8835:
8826:
8825:
7942:The Open Society and Its Enemies
6240:
6239:
4788:
4667:
4572:Post-Reformation Digital Library
4560:
4219:. Hila, MT: Kessinger Pub., 2007
3592:10.1163/016738309X12537002674286
3361:. Stanford: Stanford University.
1980:Bewijs van den waaren godsdienst
1622:Commentaries of the 18th century
1475:
1226:Governmental theory of atonement
1216:Governmental theory of atonement
1161:
978:, Professor Lubbertus published
747:, although all countries in the
606:
225:
210:
195:governmental theory of atonement
8994:Ambassadors of Sweden to France
8974:17th-century Dutch philosophers
6749:Family as a model for the state
4749:
4181:. The Hague: Balans Publishing.
3903:. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press.
2937:
2887:
2861:
2750:(finished 1617, published 1647)
2746:(1611) and the more systematic
2736:
2558:
2515:
2485:
2460:
2382:
2329:
1194:Bewijs van den waren Godsdienst
675:Portrait of Grotius at age 25 (
577:. The resulting work, entitled
9079:17th-century Dutch politicians
8984:17th-century Dutch theologians
8647:Natural Law and Natural Rights
8099:Separation of church and state
7997:Collectivism and individualism
7952:The Origins of Totalitarianism
4544:Works by or about Hugo Grotius
4509:. Martinus Nijhoff, 2008, 534p
4217:Hugo Grotius and the Arminians
4026:Emory International Law Review
3714:White, Andrew Dickson (1910).
3348:. Springer. pp. 21ff, 89.
2368:. Leiden: BRILL. p. 249.
2285:
2243:. General Books. p. 539.
2183:
2128:
1974:, ed. R.W. Lee (Oxford, 1926).
1401:
1341:
755:long before Grotius wrote his
1:
9059:17th-century Dutch historians
9019:Censorship in the Netherlands
9009:Burials at Nieuwe Kerk, Delft
8989:17th-century writers in Latin
8139:Category:Political philosophy
8012:Critique of political economy
4805:Five Articles of Remonstrance
4253:– via Internet Archive.
4155:Mattei, Jean Mathieu (2006).
4140:10.1080/01916599.2018.1559750
4038:. Brill Academic, 2004, 304pp
3934:. Westview Press, 1985, 702pp
3821:. Van Gorcum Ltd, 2004, 332pp
3758:. Aalten: Pantocrator Press.
3709:– via Internet Archive.
3419:. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
3086:Peace Palace (The Hague) 1983
2566:"The Santa Catarina Incident"
2340:. Leiden: BRILL. p. 22.
2125:Retrieved September 28, 2011.
2102:
1722:U.S. House of Representatives
1374:. In Grotius' understanding,
1113:De Pietate Ordinum Hollandiae
941:Decretum pro pace ecclesiarum
934:took an official position of
639:captured a loaded Portuguese
560:in 1599 and then as official
445:
9034:17th-century Dutch diplomats
8979:Dutch political philosophers
8037:Institutional discrimination
8032:History of political thought
6764:Negative and positive rights
5283:
5169:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
4616:On the Laws of War and Peace
4608:On the Laws of War and Peace
4458:10.1080/01916599.2012.679114
4324:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
4320:Stumpf, Christoph A., 2006.
4184:——— and Rabbie, eds., 1994.
4012:Haggenmacher, Peter (1983).
3899:Craig, William Lane (1985).
3888:. London: John Murray, 1826.
3817:Blom, H. W.; Winkel, L. C.:
3290:. Riverdale, New York: Baen.
3274:Heinlein, Guillaume (1988).
1972:The Jurisprudence of Holland
1957:. Andover, MA: W. F. Draper.
1724:in the United States Capitol
1490:Grotius' personal motto was
1350:Engraved portrait of Grotius
1274:and the Netherlands and the
1009:Het Ampt der Kerckendienaren
984:Bona Fides Sibrandi Lubberti
914:aiming "at proving that the
677:Michiel Jansz. van Mierevelt
48:Michiel Jansz. van Mierevelt
7:
9084:Dutch Renaissance humanists
9049:Dutch expatriates in France
8724:Libertarian theories of law
8047:Justification for the state
7832:Two Treatises of Government
5138:
4618:(Latin, first edition 1625)
4601:Individual works by Grotius
4559:(public domain audiobooks)
4360:and Francisco de Vitoria's
4257:Remec, Peter Paul. (1960).
3997:10.1177/0090591785013002005
3923:Edwards, Charles S., 1981.
3876:Burigny, Jean Lévesque de:
3731:. Tübingen (Germany): Mohr.
3686:Vreeland, Hamilton (1917).
3574:Thumfart, Johannes (2009).
3323:Kraska, James (June 2011).
3182:. Tübingen (Germany): Mohr.
2336:Nellen, Henk J. M. (2014).
2064:
2040:Via ad pacem ecclesiasticam
1686:On the Law of War and Peace
1266:Living in the times of the
974:." In response to Grotius'
930:Led by Oldenbarnevelt, the
888:(a Remonstrant leader) and
631:with Spain, it was not yet
456:Jan Antonisz. van Ravesteyn
359:On the Law of War and Peace
10:
9170:
9104:International law scholars
8964:17th-century Dutch jurists
8235:International legal theory
6717:Bellum omnium contra omnes
5064:
4427:van Vollenhoven, Cornelius
4410:in November-December 1608"
4317:. Baden-Baden: NOMOS, 2007
4243:Great Jurists of the World
4177:Nellen, Henk J. M., 2007.
4118:Leger, James. St. (1962).
3599:Tooley, W. Andrew (2013).
3415:Nijenhuis, Willem (1972).
3131:
2291:Borschberg, Peter (2011),
2060:(On Destiny) – Paris, 1648
1783:Parallelon rerumpublicarum
1528:Benjamin Aubery du Maurier
1248:
1130:A book chest exhibited at
1059:
986:in response to Lubbertus.
794:
788:
18:
8821:
8752:
8669:
8576:
8258:
8200:
8187:
8134:
7984:
7753:
7401:
7134:
7014:
6933:
6845:
6836:
6702:
6536:
6465:
6294:
6226:
6180:
6082:
6039:
6018:
5965:
5934:
5918:
5865:
5799:
5751:
5715:
5682:
5601:
5560:
5404:
5293:
5289:
5278:
5183:Methodological skepticism
5074:
5070:
5059:
4971:
4920:
4854:
4818:
4797:
4786:
4780:Calvinist–Arminian debate
4757:
4717:
4712:Links to related articles
4446:History of European Ideas
4128:History of European Ideas
4028:, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2011),
3855:10.1017/S0018246X01002102
3824:Borschberg, Peter, 2011,
3464:10.1163/18760759-03300003
3392:10.1163/18760759-03300006
3344:Leeb, I. Leonard (1973).
3304:Israel, Jonathan (1995).
3297:The Development of Ethics
2820:Grotius & Kelsey 1925
2670:Grotius & Rabbie 1995
2209:. BIBLIOBAZAAR. pp.
2118:dr hab. Edmund Kotarski,
1588:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
1039:Kloosterkerk in The Hague
972:Five Remonstrant Articles
509:learner, Grotius entered
433:Arminian–Calvinist debate
209:
204:
200:
175:
155:
145:
129:
119:
109:
105:
95:
77:
55:
37:
30:
9109:Leiden University alumni
9054:Dutch Golden Age writers
8969:17th-century Dutch poets
8806:Rational-legal authority
8694:German historical school
8679:Analytical jurisprudence
7922:The Revolt of the Masses
4390:. Cambridge Univ. Press.
4369:30/2009, pp. 65–87.
4298:Sommerville, Johann P.:
4186:Hugo Grotius, Theologian
4074:Kowalski, Klaus (2022).
3916:Dumbauld, Edward, 1969.
3910:A History of Apologetics
3783:. (1720). "Grotius", in
3754:Alvarado, Ruben (2018).
3650:Waldron, Jeremy (2002).
3516:Slot Loevestein (2019).
3295:Irving, Terence (2008).
3248:The Law of War and Peace
3232:(in Dutch). Kemink en Zn
3138:Acton Institute (2010).
1712:Bibliography (selection)
1646:approach to theology in
1224:of Christ known as the "
890:Johan van Oldenbarnevelt
668:defence of the seizure.
651:Dutch East India Company
627:; although Portugal was
546:Johan van Oldenbarnevelt
276:[ˈɦyɣoːdəˈɣroːt]
81:28 August 1645 (aged 62)
44:Portrait of Hugo Grotius
9094:Greek–Latin translators
8774:Judicial interpretation
7902:The Communist Manifesto
6828:Tyranny of the majority
6739:Consent of the governed
4582:14 January 2022 at the
4188:. New York: E.J. Brill.
3927:. Chicago: Nelson Hall.
3792:Hugo Grotius: Historian
3749:(Thoemmes Press 2003).
3718:. New York: Century Co.
3626:. New York: E.J. Brill.
2880:Encyclopædia Britannica
2760:Grotius & Blom 2009
2742:See his manuscript for
2235:Davies, Charles Maurice
1873:only in: Hugo Grotius,
1520:Jacques Auguste de Thou
836:In these years a great
753:unobstructed navigation
308:. He was imprisoned in
8861:WikiProject Philosophy
8215:Critical legal studies
6779:
6729:Clash of civilizations
6715:
5233:
5167:
5133:Enlightened absolutism
5124:
4855:Historical theologians
4810:Remonstrant Confession
4376:. S.P.C.K, 1965, 337pp
4208:Onuma, Yasuaki (ed.):
4066:Knight, W.S.M., 1925.
3944:Figgis, John Neville:
3908:Dulles, Avery (1999).
3843:The Historical Journal
3617:. England: Bloomsbury.
3144:Religion & Liberty
2534:10.11116/9789461664853
2364:Blom, Hans W. (2009).
2071:Coenraad van Beuningen
1996:De jure belli ac pacis
1948:Grotius, Hugo (1889).
1883:10.11116/9789461664853
1777:De republica emendanda
1736:
1725:
1642:satirized the Grotian
1636:
1573:De jure belli ac pacis
1557:De Jure Belli ac Pacis
1508:Gerhard Johann Vossius
1487:
1351:
1286:
1263:
1261:De jure belli ac pacis
1251:De jure belli ac pacis
1244:De Jure Belli ac Pacis
1210:Opera Omnia Theologica
1181:De jure belli ac pacis
1135:
1099:
1057:
967:
680:
620:
601:Maria van Reigersberch
519:Joseph Justus Scaliger
459:
454:Grotius at age 16, by
354:De jure belli ac pacis
114:Renaissance philosophy
9154:Natural law ethicists
8784:Law without the state
6744:Divine right of kings
5099:Counter-Enlightenment
4897:Thomas Osmond Summers
4577:Works by Hugo Grotius
4568:Works by Hugo Grotius
4553:Works by Hugo Grotius
4535:Works by Hugo Grotius
4481:First Grotius Lecture
4440:. The Hague: Nijhoff.
4397:. Oxford Univ. Press.
4313:Straumann, Benjamin:
4302:in Victoria Kahn and
4261:(The Hague: Nijhoff).
4084:10.7788/9783412524944
4061:Quinnipiac Law Review
4055:Kingsbury, Benedict:
3964:Gurvitch, G. (1927).
3951:Gellinek, Christian:
3798:Blom, Andrew (2016).
3505:Selden, John (1652).
3498:Ethics, vol.104:53-74
3353:Miller, John (2014).
3159:. Oxford: Oxford UP.
2203:Murray, John (1838).
1731:
1719:
1660:with the doctrine of
1649:Methuselah's Children
1631:
1610:called it boring and
1483:
1349:
1332:Further information:
1281:
1258:
1166:Grotius then fled to
1129:
1094:Grotius' escape from
1093:
1052:
962:Statue of Grotius in
961:
821:in 1607, and then as
795:Further information:
789:Further information:
674:
633:at war with the Dutch
614:
592:and its cargo in the
453:
398:international society
9064:Dutch legal scholars
9024:Christian apologists
8999:Arminian theologians
8744:Virtue jurisprudence
8684:Deontological ethics
7892:Democracy in America
7271:political philosophy
7254:political philosophy
7069:political philosophy
6898:political philosophy
6808:Separation of powers
6769:Night-watchman state
6754:Monopoly on violence
6288:Political philosophy
5053:Age of Enlightenment
4948:Ben Witherington III
4831:Conditional election
4702:Hugo Grotius' Quotes
4327:Takahashi, Sakuyei:
4280:Scharf, Michael P.:
4163:Mühlegger, Florian.
3941:. BRILL, 2009, 178pp
3819:Grotius and the Stoa
3491:. Assen: Van Gorcum.
3278:. Brill. p. 33.
3026:Acton Institute 2010
2784:Slot Loevestein 2019
2086:International waters
1741:Peace Palace Library
1627:Andrew Dickson White
1567:The king of Sweden,
1551:Influence of Grotius
1409:Johannes Wtenbogaert
1354:Grotius' concept of
1318:reparation of injury
1186:Louis XIII of France
1013:Johannes Wtenbogaert
936:religious toleration
886:Johannes Wtenbogaert
884:. On the other side
765:Francisco de Vitoria
761:On the Law of Spoils
599:In 1608, he married
472:Jan Cornets de Groot
386:Francisco de Vitoria
363:Louis XIII of France
333:Francisco de Vitoria
296:, diplomat, lawyer,
170:political philosophy
9124:Philosophers of war
9119:Philosophers of law
8082:Right-wing politics
7962:A Theory of Justice
7932:The Road to Serfdom
7852:The Social Contract
6559:Christian democracy
6059:Feijóo y Montenegro
6010:Vorontsova-Dashkova
4836:Unlimited atonement
4593:31 May 2020 at the
4513:Zuckert, Michael P.
4109:Lauterpacht, Hersch
4078:. Cologne: Böhlau.
4034:Heering, Jan-Paul:
3972:, vol. 34: 365–391.
3284:Heinlein, Robert A.
2393:. Oxon: Routledge.
2135:Ulam, Adam (1946).
1682:Carnegie Foundation
1577:King James VI and I
1455:Christine of Sweden
1453:In 1644, the queen
1372:American Revolution
1370:in England and the
1368:Glorious Revolution
1140:Elsje van Houwening
1081:Twelve Years' Truce
926:Edict of toleration
918:are far from being
882:Sibrandus Lubbertus
862:Twelve Years' Truce
848:) and the strongly
745:freedom of the seas
714:freedom of the seas
637:Jacob van Heemskerk
414:Peace of Westphalia
390:School of Salamanca
8637:The Concept of Law
8627:Pure Theory of Law
8094:Political violence
8089:Political theology
8072:Left-wing politics
8067:Political spectrum
5198:Natural philosophy
4921:Modern theologians
4651:3 May 2021 at the
4431:Grotius and Geneva
4412:(2005–2007) 26–28
4295:, pp. 115–32.
4264:Rommen, Heinrich:
4170:Neff, Stephen C.:
4020:Haskell, John D.:
3975:Haakonssen, Knud:
3833:Brandt, Reinhard:
3260:. New York: Brill.
3224:Fruin, R. (1871).
2949:www.britannica.com
2497:www.britannica.com
2272:www.britannica.com
1751:of 55 editions of
1737:
1726:
1640:Robert A. Heinlein
1506:, the philologist
1488:
1485:Syntagma Arateorum
1352:
1335:Temperamenta belli
1264:
1172:Cardinal Richelieu
1136:
1121:Johannes Althusius
1105:Rombout Hogerbeets
1100:
1058:
968:
894:James I of England
854:Franciscus Gomarus
803:Van Oldenbarnevelt
681:
623:The Dutch were at
621:
550:Henri IV of France
535:seven liberal arts
495:Ludolph van Ceulen
460:
124:Western philosophy
9114:People from Delft
8880:
8879:
8874:
8873:
8846:Philosophy portal
8607:The Spirit of Law
8245:Philosophy of law
8225:Economic analysis
8210:Constitutionalism
8147:
8146:
8057:Philosophy of law
8002:Conflict theories
7842:The Spirit of Law
7749:
7748:
6798:Original position
6254:
6253:
6222:
6221:
6218:
6217:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5247:Scientific method
5104:Critical thinking
5019:
5018:
5006:Holiness movement
4994:Wesleyan theology
4928:J. Kenneth Grider
4912:Henry Orton Wiley
4907:William Burt Pope
4539:Project Gutenberg
4349:10.1093/fh/crm053
4287:Scott, Jonathan:
4231:Rattigan, William
4192:O'Donovan, Oliver
4093:978-3-412-52492-0
3884:Butler, Charles:
3869:Buckle, Stephen:
3765:978-90-76660-51-6
3699:978-0-8377-2702-8
3661:978-0-521-89057-1
3642:978-90-04-14979-3
3635:. Boston: Brill.
3166:978-0-19-825569-7
2593:van Ittersum 2006
2543:978-94-6270-351-3
2478:978-1-59267-113-7
2400:978-1-317-30711-2
2375:978-90-04-17513-6
2347:978-90-04-27436-5
2301:978-9971-69-467-8
2250:978-1-151-01164-0
2189:Howell A. Lloyd,
1592:Francis Hutcheson
1569:Gustavus Adolphus
1512:Johannes Meursius
1500:Franciscus Junius
1444:Gustavus Adolphus
1434:'s ambassador to
1276:Thirty Years' War
1268:Eighty Years' War
1206:Thirty Years' War
966:, the Netherlands
932:States of Holland
567:Eighty Years' War
531:Martianus Capella
515:Franciscus Junius
511:Leiden University
480:Leiden University
341:international law
310:Loevestein Castle
306:Leiden University
218:
217:
166:international law
162:Philosophy of war
146:Academic advisors
100:Leiden University
89:Swedish Pomerania
9161:
9074:Dutch male poets
9004:Arminian writers
8921:
8920:
8909:
8908:
8897:
8896:
8888:
8854:
8853:
8839:
8829:
8828:
8709:Legal positivism
8662:
8652:
8642:
8632:
8622:
8612:
8602:
8592:
8250:Sociology of law
8174:
8167:
8160:
8151:
8150:
8062:Political ethics
8052:Machiavellianism
7992:Authoritarianism
7977:
7967:
7957:
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7927:
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7907:
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7797:
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6843:
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6720:
6710:Balance of power
6684:Social democracy
6679:Social Darwinism
6654:Multiculturalism
6599:Environmentalism
6574:Communitarianism
6281:
6274:
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5046:
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5032:
5023:
5022:
5001:Adventist church
4984:General Baptists
4943:Grant R. Osborne
4867:Simon Episcopius
4862:Jacobus Arminius
4841:Prevenient grace
4792:
4744:
4737:
4730:
4721:
4720:
4708:
4707:
4698:
4689:Zalta, Edward N.
4679:
4564:
4563:
4548:Internet Archive
4469:
4372:Tooke, Joan D.:
4352:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4215:Osgood, Samuel:
4160:
4151:
4105:
4041:Jeffery, Renée:
4017:
4008:
3985:Political Theory
3913:
3904:
3891:Chappell, Vere:
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3595:
3570:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3512:
3501:
3492:
3483:
3456:Brill Publishers
3434:
3425:Nussbaum, Arthur
3420:
3411:
3384:Brill Publishers
3362:
3349:
3340:
3319:
3300:
3291:
3279:
3270:
3269:. Leiden: Brill.
3261:
3252:
3241:
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2438:von Siebold 1847
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2132:
2126:
2113:
2091:Grotius Lectures
1958:
1956:
1936:) – Leiden, 1617
1850:
1810:) – Leiden, 1609
1798:Christus patiens
1749:Martinus Nijhoff
1698:Francisco Suárez
1662:infant damnation
1538:Andreas Schottus
1518:, the historian
1510:, the historian
1440:Axel Oxenstierna
1360:Samuel Pufendorf
1068:Sharp Resolution
1045:Arrest and exile
1025:Gerardus Vossius
1023:from his friend
1005:Antonius Walaeus
990:Jacobus Trigland
945:church and state
912:De Satisfactione
842:Jacobus Arminius
735:(The Closed Sea)
594:Singapore Strait
523:Rudolph Snellius
337:Alberico Gentili
329:political theory
291:
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8856:WikiProject Law
8817:
8801:Question of law
8748:
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8597:Treatise on Law
8590:
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8220:Comparative law
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8119:Totalitarianism
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7805:
7795:
7792:Treatise on Law
7785:
7775:
7765:
7745:
7403:
7397:
7136:
7130:
7016:
7010:
6929:
6832:
6818:State of nature
6813:Social contract
6793:Ordered liberty
6781:Noblesse oblige
6698:
6532:
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6290:
6285:
6255:
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5926:Carvalho e Melo
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5285:
5266:
5252:Spanish America
5126:Encyclopédistes
5089:Civil liberties
5066:
5055:
5050:
5020:
5015:
4967:
4958:Craig S. Keener
4916:
4882:Thomas Grantham
4850:
4826:Total depravity
4814:
4793:
4784:
4753:
4748:
4713:
4653:Wayback Machine
4595:Wayback Machine
4584:Wayback Machine
4561:
4526:
4408:De iure praedae
4379:Tuck, Richard:
4248:
4246:
4239:Macdonell, John
4094:
4048:Keene, Edward:
3808:
3806:
3766:
3739:
3737:Further reading
3704:
3702:
3700:
3662:
3643:
3605:
3551:10.2307/2856467
3527:
3525:
3522:Slot Loevestein
3337:
3316:
3235:
3233:
3201:10.2307/2585486
3167:
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3116:
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3096:
3092:
3084:
3080:
3072:
3068:
3064:, Introduction.
3060:
3056:
3050:Schneewind 1993
3048:
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2188:
2184:
2153:10.2307/1949322
2133:
2129:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2067:
1954:
1934:Faustus Socinus
1818:François Vranck
1793:De Jure Praedae
1714:
1674:
1624:
1565:
1553:
1545:Pieter de Groot
1514:, the engineer
1504:Daniel Heinsius
1478:
1404:
1344:
1305:and of natural
1253:
1247:
1218:
1164:
1154:and the museum
1064:
1047:
1011:(a response to
928:
874:Conrad Vorstius
870:
799:
793:
787:
757:De Jure Praedae
643:merchant ship,
619:(circa 1604/05)
609:
562:historiographer
533:'s work on the
448:
440:First World War
361:) dedicated to
304:and studied at
292:), was a Dutch
289:[ˈɦœyx]
284:
271:
260:
228:
224:
178:
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96:Alma mater
91:
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8739:Utilitarianism
8736:
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8706:
8704:Legal moralism
8701:
8699:Interpretivism
8696:
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8109:Social justice
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6831:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6803:Overton window
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6712:
6706:
6704:
6700:
6699:
6697:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6634:Libertarianism
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6540:
6538:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6469:
6467:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6291:
6284:
6283:
6276:
6269:
6261:
6252:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6229:
6228:
6227:
6224:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6186:
6184:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6088:
6086:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6045:
6043:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6028:
6022:
6020:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5971:
5969:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5928:
5922:
5920:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5871:
5869:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5803:
5801:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5757:
5755:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5719:
5717:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5688:
5686:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5564:
5562:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5396:Wollstonecraft
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5297:
5295:
5287:
5286:
5276:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5173:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5135:
5130:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5075:
5068:
5067:
5057:
5056:
5049:
5048:
5041:
5034:
5026:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5011:Pentecostalism
5008:
5003:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4986:
4981:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4953:Roger E. Olson
4950:
4945:
4940:
4938:Thomas C. Oden
4935:
4930:
4924:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4892:Richard Watson
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4794:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4747:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4724:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4685:"Hugo Grotius"
4680:
4670:"Hugo Grotius"
4668:Blom, Andrew.
4665:
4656:
4637:
4636:
4628:
4620:
4612:
4598:
4597:
4574:
4565:
4550:
4541:
4525:
4524:External links
4522:
4521:
4520:
4510:
4505:Wilson, Eric:
4503:
4494:
4484:
4477:
4470:
4452:(2): 151–168.
4441:
4434:
4424:
4423:Leiden: Brill.
4417:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4353:
4343:(4): 377–394.
4337:French History
4332:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4296:
4285:
4278:
4273:Salter, John:
4271:
4268:
4262:
4255:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4189:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4152:
4134:(4): 536–552.
4123:
4116:
4106:
4092:
4071:
4064:
4063:, No.17, 1997)
4053:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4018:
4009:
3991:(2): 239–265.
3980:
3973:
3962:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3905:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3874:
3867:
3838:
3831:
3822:
3815:
3800:"Hugo Grotius"
3795:
3788:
3778:
3764:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3720:
3711:
3698:
3683:
3666:
3660:
3647:
3641:
3628:
3619:
3610:
3596:
3571:
3545:(1): 102–115.
3534:
3513:
3502:
3493:
3484:
3435:
3421:
3412:
3363:
3355:"Hugo Grotius"
3350:
3341:
3335:
3320:
3314:
3301:
3292:
3280:
3271:
3262:
3253:
3242:
3221:
3195:(3): 639–648.
3184:
3171:
3165:
3152:
3140:"Hugo Grotius"
3133:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3114:
3102:
3098:van Bunge 2017
3090:
3078:
3066:
3054:
3042:
3030:
3018:
3016:, p. 639.
3006:
3004:, p. 324.
2994:
2982:
2961:
2936:
2924:
2912:
2886:
2871:, ed. (1911).
2869:Chisholm, Hugh
2860:
2848:
2836:
2824:
2812:
2810:, p. 184.
2800:
2788:
2776:
2764:
2752:
2735:
2723:
2686:
2682:Nijenhuis 1972
2674:
2662:
2645:
2633:
2621:
2609:
2597:
2582:
2557:
2542:
2514:
2484:
2477:
2459:
2442:
2430:
2418:
2406:
2399:
2381:
2374:
2353:
2346:
2328:
2316:
2304:
2284:
2256:
2249:
2226:
2219:
2195:
2182:
2147:(3): 485–494.
2127:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2076:Emer de Vattel
2073:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2015:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1999:
1993:
1983:
1976:
1975:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1959:
1945:
1938:
1937:
1926:
1925:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1893:
1886:
1867:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1834:
1833:
1826:
1825:
1811:
1801:
1795:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1713:
1710:
1694:Thomas Aquinas
1673:
1670:
1623:
1620:
1564:
1561:
1552:
1549:
1477:
1474:
1403:
1400:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1310:
1249:Main article:
1246:
1241:
1217:
1214:
1163:
1160:
1156:Het Prinsenhof
1098:Castle in 1621
1060:Main article:
1046:
1043:
976:Ordinum Pietas
927:
924:
903:Ordinum Pietas
869:
866:
786:
783:
646:Santa Catarina
629:closely allied
625:war with Spain
608:
605:
493:and friend of
476:Justus Lipsius
447:
444:
429:Pentecostalism
314:Dutch Republic
216:
215:
207:
206:
202:
201:
198:
197:
189:principles in
183:natural rights
179:
176:
173:
172:
159:
157:Main interests
156:
153:
152:
150:Justus Lipsius
147:
143:
142:
133:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
83:
79:
75:
74:
71:Dutch Republic
61:
57:
53:
52:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9166:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9087:
9085:
9082:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9042:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9017:
9015:
9012:
9010:
9007:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8936:
8934:
8924:
8919:
8914:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8889:
8886:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8838:
8834:
8832:
8824:
8823:
8820:
8814:
8813:
8809:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8796:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8769:
8765:
8763:
8762:
8758:
8757:
8755:
8751:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8737:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8714:Legal realism
8712:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8676:
8674:
8672:
8668:
8659:
8658:
8654:
8649:
8648:
8644:
8639:
8638:
8634:
8629:
8628:
8624:
8619:
8618:
8614:
8609:
8608:
8604:
8599:
8598:
8594:
8589:
8588:
8584:
8583:
8581:
8579:
8575:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8265:
8263:
8261:
8257:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8240:Legal history
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8207:
8205:
8203:
8199:
8193:
8190:
8189:
8186:
8182:
8181:Jurisprudence
8175:
8170:
8168:
8163:
8161:
8156:
8155:
8152:
8140:
8137:
8136:
8133:
8127:
8126:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8069:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8042:Jurisprudence
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7989:
7987:
7983:
7974:
7973:
7969:
7964:
7963:
7959:
7954:
7953:
7949:
7944:
7943:
7939:
7934:
7933:
7929:
7924:
7923:
7919:
7914:
7913:
7909:
7904:
7903:
7899:
7894:
7893:
7889:
7884:
7883:
7879:
7874:
7873:
7872:Rights of Man
7869:
7864:
7863:
7859:
7854:
7853:
7849:
7844:
7843:
7839:
7834:
7833:
7829:
7824:
7823:
7819:
7814:
7813:
7809:
7804:
7803:
7799:
7794:
7793:
7789:
7784:
7783:
7782:De re publica
7779:
7774:
7773:
7769:
7764:
7763:
7759:
7758:
7756:
7752:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7408:
7406:
7402:20th and 21st
7400:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7272:
7269:
7268:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7255:
7252:
7251:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7141:
7139:
7135:18th and 19th
7133:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7019:
7013:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6991:Nizam al-Mulk
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6938:
6936:
6932:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6899:
6896:
6895:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6850:
6848:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6835:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6719:
6718:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6707:
6705:
6701:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6674:Republicanism
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6535:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6464:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6299:
6297:
6293:
6289:
6282:
6277:
6275:
6270:
6268:
6263:
6262:
6259:
6246:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6233:
6225:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6183:
6182:United States
6179:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6085:
6081:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6038:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6017:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5968:
5964:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5942:Budai-Deleanu
5940:
5939:
5937:
5933:
5927:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5917:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5798:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5754:
5750:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5714:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5600:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5306:Ashley-Cooper
5304:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5281:
5277:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5208:Progressivism
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5157:Individualism
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5073:
5069:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5047:
5042:
5040:
5035:
5033:
5028:
5027:
5024:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4964:
4963:B. J. Oropeza
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4853:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4791:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4770:Synod of Dort
4768:
4766:
4765:Protestantism
4763:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4745:
4740:
4738:
4733:
4731:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4716:
4709:
4703:
4700:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4686:
4683:Miller, Jon.
4681:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4492:
4488:
4487:Wight, Martin
4485:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4418:
4415:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4399:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4256:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4121:
4117:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3981:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3902:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3805:
3801:
3796:
3793:
3790:Bell, Jordy:
3789:
3786:
3782:
3781:Bayle, Pierre
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3730:
3727:(in German).
3726:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3701:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3684:
3680:
3677:(in French).
3676:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3644:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3604:
3603:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3503:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3351:
3347:
3342:
3338:
3336:9780313387258
3332:
3328:
3327:
3321:
3317:
3315:0-19-873072-1
3311:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3243:
3231:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3178:(in German).
3177:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3136:
3135:
3123:
3118:
3111:
3106:
3099:
3094:
3087:
3082:
3076:, p. 24.
3075:
3070:
3063:
3058:
3051:
3046:
3039:
3034:
3027:
3022:
3015:
3010:
3003:
3002:Heinlein 1958
2998:
2991:
2986:
2980:, p. 25.
2979:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2933:
2928:
2921:
2916:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2882:
2881:
2875:
2874:"Delft"
2870:
2864:
2857:
2852:
2845:
2840:
2833:
2828:
2821:
2816:
2809:
2804:
2797:
2792:
2785:
2780:
2773:
2768:
2761:
2756:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2732:
2731:Vreeland 1917
2727:
2720:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2683:
2678:
2671:
2666:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2642:
2641:Vreeland 1917
2637:
2630:
2629:Nussbaum 1947
2625:
2618:
2613:
2607:, p. 88.
2606:
2601:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2579:
2567:
2561:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2518:
2511:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2480:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2439:
2434:
2427:
2422:
2415:
2414:Vreeland 1917
2410:
2402:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2377:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2358:
2349:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2324:Thumfart 2009
2320:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2252:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2222:
2220:1-117-07017-4
2216:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2199:
2192:
2186:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1876:
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1857:
1854:
1853:
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1641:
1638:In contrast,
1635:
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1628:
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1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
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1525:
1521:
1517:
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1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1482:
1476:Personal life
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1421:de Courcelles
1418:
1414:
1410:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:Old Testament
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1348:
1337:
1336:
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1326:
1323:
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1308:
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1300:
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1231:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1184:dedicated to
1183:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1162:Life in Paris
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1106:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1086:
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1078:
1074:
1069:
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1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
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1006:
1001:
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995:
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987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
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954:
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946:
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933:
923:
921:
917:
913:
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905:
904:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
865:
863:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
798:
792:
782:
780:
777:, though the
776:
772:
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
740:
736:
733:
732:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:
697:
692:
690:
689:On the Indies
686:
678:
673:
669:
667:
663:
659:
654:
652:
648:
647:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
618:
613:
607:Jurist career
604:
602:
597:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
505:education. A
504:
500:
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492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
457:
452:
443:
441:
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430:
426:
422:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
379:
374:
373:The Free Seas
370:
369:
364:
360:
356:
355:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
282:
281:Huig de Groot
277:
269:
268:Hugo de Groot
265:
264:
255:
222:
213:
208:
203:
199:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
177:Notable ideas
174:
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137:
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94:
90:
86:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:10 April 1583
58:
54:
49:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
9149:Groot Family
9139:Remonstrants
9134:Rationalists
9044:Dutch exiles
8949:Hugo Grotius
8899:Christianity
8812:Usul al-Fiqh
8810:
8793:
8789:Legal system
8766:
8759:
8657:Law's Empire
8655:
8645:
8635:
8625:
8615:
8605:
8595:
8585:
8347:
8260:Philosophers
8202:Legal theory
8123:
8022:Elite theory
7970:
7960:
7950:
7940:
7930:
7920:
7910:
7900:
7890:
7880:
7870:
7860:
7850:
7840:
7830:
7820:
7810:
7800:
7790:
7780:
7770:
7760:
7059:Guicciardini
7053:
7015:Early modern
6838:Philosophers
6788:Open society
6724:Body politic
6594:Distributism
6584:Conservatism
6579:Confucianism
6498:Gerontocracy
6488:Dictatorship
6442:Sovereignty
6432:Ruling class
6322:Emancipation
6307:Citizenship
6230:
5975:Catherine II
5816:
5427:Beaumarchais
5257:Universality
5228:Reductionism
5175:
5152:Human rights
4933:David Pawson
4877:John Goodwin
4872:Hugo Grotius
4871:
4775:Remonstrants
4692:
4673:
4639:
4638:
4631:
4623:
4615:
4607:
4600:
4599:
4528:
4527:
4516:
4506:
4497:
4490:
4480:
4473:
4449:
4445:
4437:
4430:
4420:
4413:
4407:
4404:Mare liberum
4403:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4361:
4358:Mare Liberum
4357:
4340:
4336:
4328:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4304:Lorna Hutson
4299:
4292:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4265:
4258:
4247:. Retrieved
4242:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4156:
4131:
4127:
4119:
4112:
4075:
4067:
4060:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4025:
4021:
4013:
3988:
3984:
3976:
3969:
3965:
3958:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3909:
3900:
3892:
3885:
3877:
3870:
3849:(1): 31–51.
3846:
3842:
3834:
3826:
3818:
3807:. Retrieved
3803:
3791:
3784:
3755:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3728:
3724:
3715:
3703:. Retrieved
3688:
3678:
3674:
3651:
3632:
3623:
3614:
3601:
3586:(1): 65–87.
3583:
3579:
3542:
3538:
3526:. Retrieved
3521:
3507:
3497:
3488:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3429:
3416:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3358:
3345:
3329:. ABC-CLIO.
3325:
3305:
3296:
3287:
3275:
3266:
3257:
3247:
3234:. Retrieved
3230:Google Books
3229:
3192:
3188:
3179:
3175:
3156:
3147:
3143:
3117:
3105:
3093:
3081:
3069:
3057:
3045:
3033:
3021:
3009:
2997:
2985:
2952:. Retrieved
2948:
2939:
2927:
2915:
2903:. Retrieved
2899:
2889:
2878:
2863:
2851:
2839:
2832:Waldron 2002
2827:
2815:
2803:
2798:, p. 4.
2791:
2779:
2767:
2755:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2726:
2719:Van Dam 1994
2677:
2665:
2660:, p. 3.
2636:
2624:
2612:
2600:
2577:
2570:. Retrieved
2560:
2524:
2517:
2509:
2500:. Retrieved
2496:
2487:
2468:
2462:
2457:, p. 2.
2433:
2421:
2409:
2390:
2384:
2365:
2337:
2331:
2319:
2307:
2292:
2287:
2275:. Retrieved
2271:
2239:
2229:
2205:
2198:
2190:
2185:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2122:
2111:
2096:9994 Grotius
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2028:Sophompaneas
2027:
2019:
2011:
2003:
1995:
1990:Robert Fruin
1986:Apologeticus
1985:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1950:
1941:
1929:
1921:
1913:
1905:
1897:
1889:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1855:
1846:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1807:
1804:Mare Liberum
1803:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1763:
1757:
1752:
1738:
1732:
1705:
1702:
1685:
1675:
1658:Divine Mercy
1647:
1644:governmental
1637:
1632:
1625:
1584:Pierre Bayle
1581:
1572:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1542:
1516:Simon Stevin
1495:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1459:
1452:
1429:
1417:van Limborch
1405:
1353:
1333:
1314:self-defense
1294:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1265:
1260:
1243:
1219:
1209:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1179:
1165:
1137:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1101:
1084:
1065:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1020:
1016:
1008:
1002:
997:
993:
988:
983:
979:
975:
969:
940:
929:
911:
908:
901:
898:
871:
858:
852:theologian,
846:Remonstrants
835:
831:Mare liberum
830:
800:
768:
760:
756:
749:Indian Ocean
742:
738:
734:
731:Mare clausum
729:
701:Mare Liberum
699:
696:The Free Sea
695:
693:
688:
684:
682:
655:
644:
622:
616:
598:
587:
578:
543:
538:
527:late antique
503:Aristotelian
488:
468:Dutch Revolt
461:
437:
383:
376:
372:
368:Mare Liberum
366:
358:
352:
326:
280:
267:
221:Hugo Grotius
220:
219:
185:, grounding
32:Hugo Grotius
25:
8944:1645 deaths
8939:1583 births
8734:Paternalism
8729:Natural law
8591:(c. 355 BC)
8438:Montesquieu
8230:Legal norms
7896:(1835–1840)
7776:(c. 350 BC)
7766:(c. 375 BC)
7383:Tocqueville
7348:Saint-Simon
7313:Montesquieu
7164:Bolingbroke
7096:Machiavelli
6976:Ibn Khaldun
6941:Alpharabius
6934:Middle Ages
6759:Natural law
6734:Common good
6659:Nationalism
6619:Imperialism
6589:Corporatism
6564:Colonialism
6544:Agrarianism
6523:Technocracy
6503:Meritocracy
6483:Bureaucracy
6473:Aristocracy
6232:Romanticism
6054:Charles III
5895:Poniatowski
5832:Leeuwenhoek
5812:de la Court
5800:Netherlands
5644:Mendelssohn
5639:Lichtenberg
5517:Montesquieu
5235:Sapere aude
5218:Rationalism
5213:Rationality
5203:Objectivity
4887:John Wesley
4751:Arminianism
4529:Collections
4436:———, 1919.
4402:"Preparing
4393:———, 1999.
4386:———, 1993.
3705:16 February
3528:28 November
3368:De Veritate
3074:Miller 2014
3038:Irving 2008
2978:Miller 2014
2920:Miller 2014
2900:DutchReview
2808:Tooley 2013
2796:Miller 2014
2772:Israel 1995
2658:Miller 2014
2617:Selden 1652
2605:Kraska 2011
2455:Miller 2014
1771:Adamus exul
1690:World War I
1604:Thomas Reid
1502:, the poet
1470:Nieuwe Kerk
1462:shipwrecked
1402:Later years
1356:natural law
1342:Natural law
1237:Arminianism
1148:Rijksmuseum
949:Erastianism
878:Socinianism
838:theological
770:jus gentium
726:John Selden
575:Netherlands
466:during the
410:Hedley Bull
345:natural law
343:, based on
191:natural law
136:Natural law
8933:Categories
8841:Law portal
8468:Petrażycki
8458:Pashukanis
8453:Olivecrona
8388:Hägerström
8303:Blackstone
8104:Separatism
7912:On Liberty
7812:The Prince
7541:Huntington
7044:Campanella
6971:al-Ghazali
6920:Thucydides
6878:Lactantius
6823:Statolatry
6649:Monarchism
6629:Liberalism
6554:Capitalism
6537:Ideologies
6518:Plutocracy
6466:Government
6422:Revolution
6407:Propaganda
6357:Legitimacy
6332:Government
6074:Villarroel
6069:Jovellanos
6005:Radishchev
5952:Micu-Klein
5890:Niemcewicz
5857:Swammerdam
5847:Nieuwentyt
5837:Mandeville
5692:Farmakidis
5578:Burlamaqui
5487:La Mettrie
5462:Fontenelle
5417:d'Argenson
5412:d'Alembert
5336:Harrington
5262:Utopianism
5162:Liberalism
5119:Empiricism
5094:Classicism
5084:Capitalism
4902:John Miley
4758:Background
4610:(abridged)
3809:12 January
3774:1060613096
3524:(in Dutch)
3236:26 January
3122:Fruin 1871
3014:Forde 1998
2990:White 1910
2934:, note 67.
2595:, Chap. 1.
2426:Stahl 1965
2191:Jean Bodin
2103:References
1765:illustrati
1688:after the
1678:positivism
1600:David Hume
1596:Adam Smith
1532:Brabantian
1472:in Delft.
1448:diplomatic
1413:Episcopius
1396:revelation
1364:John Locke
1322:punishment
1230:John Miley
1176:Louis XIII
1132:Loevestein
1096:Loevestein
1054:Loevestein
1007:published
953:providence
823:Pensionary
718:monopolies
507:prodigious
491:Archimedes
446:Early life
349:Protestant
298:theologian
181:Theory of
9089:Erastians
8601:(c. 1270)
8483:Pufendorf
8418:Llewellyn
8278:Aristotle
7822:Leviathan
7802:Monarchia
7796:(c. 1274)
7631:Oakeshott
7576:Mansfield
7571:Luxemburg
7556:Kropotkin
7451:Bernstein
7404:centuries
7318:Nietzsche
7261:Jefferson
7189:Condorcet
7137:centuries
7116:Pufendorf
6981:Marsilius
6868:Confucius
6853:Aristotle
6846:Antiquity
6774:Noble lie
6694:Third Way
6689:Socialism
6614:Feudalism
6569:Communism
6549:Anarchism
6528:Theocracy
6513:Oligarchy
6493:Democracy
6478:Autocracy
6392:Pluralism
6377:Obedience
6342:Hierarchy
6302:Authority
6195:Jefferson
6137:Hutcheson
6026:Obradović
5995:Lomonosov
5990:Kheraskov
5900:Śniadecki
5664:Weishaupt
5659:Thomasius
5649:Pufendorf
5492:Lavoisier
5477:d'Holbach
5472:Helvétius
5452:Descartes
5447:Condorcet
5442:Condillac
5376:Priestley
5193:Modernity
5114:Democracy
4989:Methodism
4972:Movements
4798:Documents
4466:154860314
4235:"GROTIUS"
4148:149954929
4102:248843705
4005:144743124
3959:Grotiana.
3863:159489997
3567:161708230
3480:0167-3831
3472:1876-0759
3458:: 58–69.
3408:0167-3831
3400:1876-0759
3386:: 25–57.
3217:143831729
3110:Leeb 1973
2932:H.M. 1988
2905:28 August
2856:Elze 1958
2844:Wolf 1986
2643:, chap 3.
2552:251530133
2416:, chap 1.
2177:146226931
2161:0003-0554
1822:Deduction
1745:The Hague
1706:jus belli
1666:necessary
1616:Pufendorf
1492:Ruit hora
1390:), which
1388:Decalogue
1234:Methodist
1222:atonement
1152:Amsterdam
1077:Gomarists
920:Socinians
916:Arminians
850:Calvinist
827:Rotterdam
819:Friesland
775:high seas
666:polemical
662:Mennonite
558:The Hague
484:patrician
425:Methodism
318:Gorinchem
263:-shee-əss
205:Signature
8923:Politics
8831:Category
8753:Concepts
8719:Legalism
8671:Theories
8558:Voegelin
8528:Scaevola
8488:Radbruch
8463:Perelman
8448:Nussbaum
8393:Jellinek
8358:Habermas
8353:Gurvitch
8323:Durkheim
8293:Beccaria
8077:Centrism
7772:Politics
7762:Republic
7731:Voegelin
7711:Spengler
7696:Shariati
7671:Rothbard
7626:Nussbaum
7526:Habermas
7501:Fukuyama
7491:Foucault
7416:Ambedkar
7393:Voltaire
7363:de Staël
7338:Rousseau
7219:Franklin
7194:Constant
7154:Beccaria
6986:Muhammad
6966:Gelasius
6951:Averroes
6925:Xenophon
6905:Polybius
6858:Chanakya
6703:Concepts
6669:Populism
6639:Localism
6624:Islamism
6609:Feminism
6508:Monarchy
6412:Property
6402:Progress
6367:Monopoly
6337:Hegemony
6245:Category
6190:Franklin
6157:Playfair
6127:Ferguson
6084:Scotland
6031:Mrazović
5985:Kantemir
5980:Fonvizin
5919:Portugal
5885:Krasicki
5880:Konarski
5875:Kołłątaj
5827:Koerbagh
5776:Genovesi
5761:Beccaria
5723:Berkeley
5654:Schiller
5619:Humboldt
5593:Saussure
5588:Rousseau
5552:Voltaire
5507:Maréchal
5482:Jaucourt
5437:Châtelet
5432:Chamfort
5381:Reynolds
5284:Thinkers
5188:Midlands
5177:Lumières
5147:Humanism
5140:Haskalah
4819:Doctrine
4649:Archived
4591:Archived
4580:Archived
4557:LibriVox
4429:, 1926.
4414:Grotiana
4367:Grotiana
4306:, eds.,
4249:11 March
4233:(1913).
3580:Grotiana
3539:Speculum
3444:Grotiana
3427:(1947).
3372:Grotiana
3286:(1958).
2954:21 April
2744:Meletius
2502:21 April
2277:21 April
2237:(2010).
2065:See also
1847:Meletius
1838:Meletius
1824:of 1587)
1808:De Indis
1789:De Indis
1654:doctrine
1612:Rousseau
1608:Voltaire
1524:Erpinius
1380:creation
1270:between
1015:'s 1610
685:De Indis
617:De Indis
573:and the
569:between
499:humanist
462:Born in
421:theology
418:Arminian
388:and the
365:and the
294:humanist
187:just war
140:humanism
8885:Portals
8866:changes
8779:Justice
8533:Schmitt
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8288:Bastiat
8273:Aquinas
8114:Statism
8027:Elitism
7985:Related
7786:(51 BC)
7716:Strauss
7691:Scruton
7686:Schmitt
7676:Russell
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7481:Dworkin
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7461:Chomsky
7456:Burnham
7441:Benoist
7411:Agamben
7378:Thoreau
7368:Stirner
7358:Spencer
7303:Mazzini
7293:Maistre
7288:Madison
7283:Le Play
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7179:Carlyle
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7149:Bastiat
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7111:Müntzer
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6883:Mencius
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6644:Marxism
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6437:Society
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