2293:(IPA). The IPA has significant advantages over this respelling system, as it can be used to accurately represent pronunciations from any language in the world, and (being an international standard) is often more familiar to European/Commonwealth and non-native speakers of English. On the other hand, the IPA (being designed to represent sounds from any language in the world) is not as intuitive for those chiefly familiar with English orthography, for whom this respelling system is likely to be easier for English words and names. So, while the IPA is the required form of representing pronunciation, respelling remains optional. It should not be used for representing non-English words or an approximation thereof.
27:
149:
Both the IPA and respelling for
English on Knowledge are designed to record all distinctive sounds found in major varieties of English. That is, we record differences found in some varieties but not in others, such as those between "father" and "farther", "wine" and "whine", and "cot" and "caught".
2734:, meaning never occurring at the end of a word or before a vowel. When a checked vowel is followed by a consonant and a stressed vowel, which is rare nonetheless, it is acceptable in some cases to attribute the following consonant to the same syllable as the checked vowel, as in
2296:
Sometimes another means of indicating a pronunciation is more desirable than this respelling system, such as when a name is intended to be a homonym of an existing
English word or phrase, or in case of an
150:
This does not mean these differences are, or must be, always distinguished; if you speak a dialect that does not distinguish "father" and "farther", for example, simply ignore the difference between
3965:
2657:
may be best avoided altogether; however, sometimes the benefit of respelling may outweigh the disadvantage, especially for longer words, so exercise discretion.
2312:
115:
50:; rather, its purpose is to explain certain aspects of Knowledge's norms, customs, technicalities, or practices. It may reflect differing levels of
2116:
In words where primary stress precedes secondary stress, however, the secondary stress should not be differentiated from unstressed syllables.
2318:
Respelling should also be avoided when a respelled syllable would be the same as an existing word that is pronounced differently. "Maui"
35:
4001:
2775:(a slight delay in the voicing of the following vowel), it must be attributed to the same syllable as the following vowel, as in
2693:
2286:
4022:
3975:
2688:
124:
3154:
47:
4027:
3960:
2666:
3163:
2290:
101:
43:
2112:. In this example, the primary and secondary stress are not distinguished because the difference is automatic.
3240:
55:
2533:
could prove problematic as there are a variety of monosyllabic words spelled with "ow" and pronounced with
3402:
3103:
3091:
3064:
3052:
3040:
3028:
3016:
3001:
2989:
2977:
2965:
2935:
2927:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2854:
2850:
2838:
2810:
2798:
2768:
2723:
2654:
2534:
2530:
2025:
2000:
1976:
1952:
1928:
1904:
1880:
1856:
1824:
1776:
1752:
1724:
1696:
1672:
1643:
1619:
1595:
1567:
1538:
1507:
1483:
1436:
1412:
1388:
1360:
1308:
1280:
1234:
1210:
1183:
1158:
1133:
1108:
1079:
1030:
1005:
977:
949:
925:
900:
863:
834:
814:
786:
762:
737:
712:
687:
643:
591:
563:
543:
511:
486:
457:
437:
392:
367:
342:
317:
292:
267:
238:
213:
111:
3313:
3834:
3779:
3649:
3430:
3372:
2311:
template. In such cases, an IPA notation is usually nevertheless needed, but not necessarily so; see
3769:
3527:
3425:
3293:
3218:
3213:
3203:
2301:
or a name composed of numbers or symbols. When citing a homonym, it should not be enclosed in the
2289:, the standard set of symbols used to show the pronunciation of English words on Knowledge is the
3889:
3774:
3472:
3457:
2526:, because of the words "mow", "ton", and "bolt", so only IPA should be provided for such words.
2262:
3689:
3664:
3599:
3387:
3328:
3235:
3208:
3147:
97:
2276:
3996:
3919:
2813:, one or more consonants, and a stressed vowel, the syllabification must be retained, as in
3719:
3644:
3447:
3365:
3318:
3245:
2043:
8:
3904:
3729:
3679:
3604:
3589:
3323:
3255:
2772:
51:
3884:
3764:
3694:
3659:
3619:
3502:
3487:
3482:
3435:
3377:
3308:
3275:
3180:
3132:
2268:
65:
2741:, even though in IPA it is customary to attribute it to the following syllable, as in
2033:
3899:
3869:
3784:
3759:
3744:
3609:
3584:
3534:
3462:
3452:
3417:
3412:
3382:
3335:
3303:
3230:
3225:
3185:
3140:
3634:
3929:
3909:
3879:
3874:
3864:
3839:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3754:
3749:
3739:
3734:
3714:
3699:
3669:
3639:
3624:
3594:
3579:
3554:
3522:
3507:
3397:
3360:
3350:
3288:
3280:
3260:
3190:
3075:, since the assimilation is mandatory, except beyond a syllable boundary: "tinker"
2802:
2744:
2679:
2671:
2497:
2459:
2436:
2397:
2351:
2321:
2305:
2220:
2164:
2123:
2053:
1256:
188:
168:
135:
73:
131:(ə), which is used for the first sound in the word "about". See documentation for
3939:
3934:
3854:
3789:
3724:
3709:
3684:
3674:
3564:
3559:
3549:
3539:
3467:
3407:
3392:
3345:
3270:
3265:
3250:
3198:
3175:
2901:
123:
The following pronunciation respelling key is used in some
Knowledge articles to
3944:
3924:
3914:
3894:
3849:
3844:
3814:
3654:
3614:
3574:
3544:
3512:
3497:
3477:
3442:
3355:
3340:
80:
4016:
3859:
3704:
3629:
3492:
2731:
3569:
3517:
2897:
2789:
may result in a different pronunciation than intended (compare "whatever"
167:
For a more thorough discussion of the sounds and dialectal variation, see
2637:. There is no universal solution to this problem ("ou" also varies as in
2298:
2313:
Knowledge:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Other transcription systems
1243:
3991:
2884:
takes place right after a consonant within the same syllable. When
2806:
2685:: the template and instructions for adding pronunciation respelling
2039:
107:
2976:
when otherwise it may be misinterpreted as another sound such as
2849:
when otherwise it may be misinterpreted as another sound such as
2946:
is placed between consonants within the same syllable, place an
2767:. However, when the following consonant is a voiceless plosive (
127:. It does not use special symbols or diacritics apart from the
175:
128:
2660:
2892:
begins a syllable (e.g. "youth", "Europe", "value"), use
3162:
2120:
For example, "motorcycle" (transcribed with the stress
2829:
may result in a different pronunciation than intended.
3113:
3107:
3076:
2951:
2905:
2822:
2814:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2735:
2427:
2387:
2342:
2223:
2207:
2200:
2141:
2101:
2065:
158:
151:
141:
for examples and instructions on using the template.
2699:
2753:
2500:
2468:
2439:
2400:
2360:
2324:
2238:
2167:
2126:
2083:
2950:at the end of the syllable as necessary: "tight"
2042:are visually separated by hyphens ("-"), and the
4014:
3019:after a vowel in the same syllable is respelled
2046:on a syllable is indicated by capital letters.
144:
106:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2250:
2235:
2191:
2179:
2153:
2138:
2092:
3148:
2968:in syllable-final positions may be respelled
2841:in syllable-final positions may be respelled
2330:
2934:when it begins a syllable or is preceded by
2217:would incorrectly suggest the pronunciation
3102:when otherwise it may be misinterpreted as
3051:when otherwise it may be misinterpreted as
2759:
2512:
2506:
2486:
2465:
2448:
2445:
2433:are susceptible to being misinterpreted as
2406:
2378:
2357:
2333:
2244:
2229:
2185:
2173:
2147:
2132:
2086:
2080:
2062:
125:respell the pronunciations of English words
116:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
3155:
3141:
2809:). Similarly, when a vowel is followed by
2412:
2366:
2089:
2992:in syllable-final positions is respelled
2750:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2480:
2474:
2372:
2071:
3976:Other English pronunciation respellings
2694:Knowledge:Manual of Style/Pronunciation
2287:Knowledge:Manual of Style/Pronunciation
2050:For example, the word "pronunciation" (
4015:
2706:
3136:
3012:
3010:
2923:
2921:
2503:
2477:
2403:
2369:
2247:
2241:
2188:
2182:
2150:
2144:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2865:
2863:
2756:
2747:
2689:Pronunciation respelling for English
2518:
2515:
2509:
2471:
2418:
2415:
2409:
2363:
2232:
2176:
2135:
2059:
2056:
21:
2483:
2462:
2442:
2375:
2354:
2327:
2226:
2199:in British) should be respelled as
2170:
2129:
13:
3971:Knowledge pronunciation respelling
3007:
2918:
2653:), so respelling a word including
48:Knowledge's policies or guidelines
14:
4039:
2860:
2743:
2667:Help:IPA/Conventions for English
2496:
2458:
2435:
2396:
2350:
2320:
2219:
2163:
2122:
2052:
110:. For the distinction between ,
25:
3164:International Phonetic Alphabet
3085:
2291:International Phonetic Alphabet
102:International Phonetic Alphabet
4002:Manual of Style: Pronunciation
3058:
3034:
3027:to better distinguish it from
3000:to better distinguish it from
2983:
2959:
2832:
1:
2801:is not aspirated and may be
7:
4023:Knowledge information pages
3961:IPA conventions for English
2263:When to use and when not to
10:
4044:
2728:a, e(h), i(h), o, u(h), uu
2266:
2161:in American dictionaries,
63:
19:Knowledge information page
16:Knowledge information page
3984:
3953:
3171:
2896:—unless it is subject to
2529:Particularly, respelling
1775:
1435:
1307:
1249:
1029:
799:
792:
642:
590:
524:
517:
425:
418:
391:
181:
2315:for further discussion.
4028:Knowledge pronunciation
98:phonetic transcriptions
3997:For English speakers
3241:Australian languages
2034:Syllables and stress
44:encyclopedic article
3985:Introductory guides
1246:
178:
95:This page contains
2771:) pronounced with
1242:
174:
4010:
4009:
3094:may be respelled
3043:may be respelled
2285:As designated in
2031:
2030:
1240:
1239:
91:
90:
4035:
3966:English dialects
3650:Mauritian Creole
3403:Franco-Provençal
3373:Emilian-Romagnol
3157:
3150:
3143:
3134:
3133:
3127:
3116:
3110:
3105:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3079:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3018:
3014:
3005:
3003:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2937:
2929:
2925:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2867:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2826:
2818:
2812:
2800:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2739:
2725:
2721:
2684:
2678:
2672:Help:IPA/English
2656:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2430:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2310:
2304:
2279:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2027:
2011:
2002:
1987:
1978:
1963:
1954:
1939:
1930:
1915:
1906:
1891:
1882:
1867:
1858:
1835:
1826:
1811:
1787:
1778:
1763:
1754:
1735:
1726:
1707:
1698:
1683:
1674:
1654:
1645:
1630:
1621:
1606:
1597:
1578:
1569:
1549:
1540:
1518:
1509:
1494:
1485:
1470:
1447:
1438:
1423:
1414:
1399:
1390:
1371:
1362:
1343:
1319:
1310:
1291:
1282:
1267:
1247:
1241:
1236:
1221:
1212:
1194:
1185:
1169:
1160:
1144:
1135:
1119:
1110:
1090:
1081:
1061:
1041:
1032:
1016:
1007:
988:
979:
960:
951:
936:
927:
911:
902:
874:
865:
845:
836:
816:
797:
788:
773:
764:
748:
739:
723:
714:
698:
689:
674:
654:
645:
629:
602:
593:
574:
565:
545:
522:
513:
497:
488:
468:
459:
439:
423:
403:
394:
378:
369:
353:
344:
328:
319:
303:
294:
278:
269:
249:
240:
224:
215:
199:
179:
173:
169:Help:IPA/English
161:
154:
140:
134:
113:
83:
76:
36:information page
29:
28:
22:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4006:
3980:
3949:
3770:Scottish Gaelic
3199:Modern Standard
3167:
3161:
3131:
3130:
3114:
3108:
3090:
3086:
3077:
3063:
3059:
3039:
3035:
3015:
3008:
2988:
2984:
2964:
2960:
2952:
2926:
2919:
2910:
2906:
2902:yod-coalescence
2868:
2861:
2837:
2833:
2824:
2816:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2722:
2707:
2702:
2682:
2676:
2663:
2499:
2495:
2461:
2457:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2399:
2395:
2394:, and "cobalt"
2389:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2323:
2319:
2308:
2302:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2166:
2162:
2125:
2121:
2107:
2103:
2100:) is respelled
2055:
2051:
2036:
2022:
2007:
1997:
1983:
1973:
1959:
1949:
1935:
1925:
1911:
1901:
1887:
1877:
1863:
1853:
1831:
1821:
1807:
1802:
1783:
1773:
1759:
1749:
1731:
1721:
1703:
1693:
1679:
1669:
1650:
1640:
1626:
1616:
1602:
1592:
1574:
1564:
1545:
1535:
1514:
1504:
1490:
1480:
1466:
1461:
1443:
1433:
1419:
1409:
1395:
1385:
1367:
1357:
1339:
1334:
1315:
1305:
1287:
1277:
1263:
1231:
1217:
1207:
1190:
1180:
1165:
1155:
1140:
1130:
1115:
1105:
1086:
1076:
1057:
1052:
1037:
1027:
1012:
1002:
984:
974:
956:
946:
932:
922:
907:
897:
870:
860:
841:
831:
811:
793:
783:
769:
759:
744:
734:
719:
709:
694:
684:
670:
665:
650:
640:
625:
620:
598:
588:
570:
560:
540:
518:
508:
493:
483:
464:
454:
434:
419:
414:
399:
389:
374:
364:
349:
339:
324:
314:
299:
289:
274:
264:
245:
235:
220:
210:
195:
159:
152:
147:
138:
132:
121:
120:
119:
87:
86:
79:
72:
68:
60:
59:
26:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4041:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3775:Serbo-Croatian
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3458:Haitian Creole
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3160:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3137:
3129:
3128:
3084:
3057:
3033:
3006:
2982:
2958:
2938:and otherwise
2917:
2904:: "Lithuania"
2859:
2831:
2732:checked vowels
2704:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2674:
2669:
2662:
2659:
2281:
2280:
2272:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2114:
2113:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1804:
1803:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1463:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1336:
1335:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1251:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1003:
993:
991:
989:
981:
980:
975:
965:
963:
961:
953:
952:
947:
941:
939:
937:
929:
928:
923:
916:
914:
912:
904:
903:
898:
879:
877:
875:
867:
866:
861:
850:
848:
846:
838:
837:
832:
821:
818:
817:
812:
802:
800:
798:
790:
789:
784:
778:
776:
774:
766:
765:
760:
753:
751:
749:
741:
740:
735:
728:
726:
724:
716:
715:
710:
703:
701:
699:
691:
690:
685:
679:
677:
675:
667:
666:
659:
657:
655:
647:
646:
641:
634:
632:
630:
622:
621:
607:
605:
603:
595:
594:
589:
579:
577:
575:
567:
566:
561:
550:
547:
546:
541:
527:
525:
523:
515:
514:
509:
502:
500:
498:
490:
489:
484:
473:
471:
469:
461:
460:
455:
444:
441:
440:
435:
428:
426:
424:
416:
415:
408:
406:
404:
396:
395:
390:
383:
381:
379:
371:
370:
365:
358:
356:
354:
346:
345:
340:
333:
331:
329:
321:
320:
315:
308:
306:
304:
296:
295:
290:
283:
281:
279:
271:
270:
265:
254:
252:
250:
242:
241:
236:
229:
227:
225:
217:
216:
211:
204:
202:
200:
192:
191:
186:
183:
146:
143:
94:
93:
92:
89:
88:
85:
84:
77:
69:
64:
61:
41:
40:
32:
30:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4040:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3690:Northern Thai
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3600:Luxembourgish
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3165:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3101:
3097:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3070:
3067:is respelled
3061:
3050:
3046:
3037:
3026:
3022:
3013:
3011:
2999:
2995:
2986:
2975:
2971:
2962:
2955:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2933:
2930:is respelled
2924:
2922:
2914:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2876:are for when
2875:
2871:
2866:
2864:
2848:
2844:
2835:
2828:
2820:
2808:
2804:
2796:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2764:
2740:
2733:
2729:
2724:/æ,ɛ,ɪ,ɒ,ʌ,ʊ/
2720:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2705:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2527:
2523:
2491:
2453:
2432:
2423:
2393:
2383:
2348:, "metonymy"
2347:
2341:respelled as
2338:
2316:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2277:WP:RESPELLNOT
2274:
2273:
2270:
2255:
2216:
2205:
2196:
2158:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2111:
2097:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1004:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
987:
983:
982:
976:
973:
969:
964:
962:
959:
955:
954:
948:
945:
940:
938:
935:
931:
930:
924:
920:
915:
913:
910:
906:
905:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
878:
876:
873:
869:
868:
862:
858:
854:
849:
847:
844:
840:
839:
833:
829:
825:
820:
819:
813:
810:
806:
801:
796:
791:
785:
782:
777:
775:
772:
768:
767:
761:
757:
752:
750:
747:
743:
742:
736:
732:
727:
725:
722:
718:
717:
711:
707:
702:
700:
697:
693:
692:
686:
683:
678:
676:
673:
669:
668:
663:
658:
656:
653:
649:
648:
638:
633:
631:
628:
624:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
604:
601:
597:
596:
586:
582:
578:
576:
573:
569:
568:
562:
558:
554:
549:
548:
542:
539:
535:
531:
526:
521:
516:
510:
506:
501:
499:
496:
492:
491:
485:
481:
477:
472:
470:
467:
463:
462:
456:
452:
448:
443:
442:
436:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
405:
402:
398:
397:
387:
382:
380:
377:
373:
372:
366:
362:
357:
355:
352:
348:
347:
341:
337:
332:
330:
327:
323:
322:
316:
312:
307:
305:
302:
298:
297:
291:
287:
282:
280:
277:
273:
272:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
248:
244:
243:
237:
233:
228:
226:
223:
219:
218:
212:
208:
203:
201:
198:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
180:
177:
172:
170:
165:
163:
156:
142:
137:
130:
126:
117:
109:
105:
103:
99:
82:
78:
75:
71:
70:
67:
62:
57:
53:
49:
46:, nor one of
45:
42:It is not an
39:
37:
31:
24:
23:
3970:
3920:West Frisian
3388:Extremaduran
3123:
3119:
3099:
3095:
3087:
3072:
3071:rather than
3068:
3060:
3048:
3044:
3036:
3024:
3020:
2997:
2993:
2985:
2973:
2969:
2961:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2931:
2898:yod-dropping
2893:
2873:
2869:
2846:
2842:
2834:
2727:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2317:
2295:
2284:
2115:
2037:
2018:
2008:
1993:
1984:
1969:
1960:
1945:
1936:
1921:
1912:
1897:
1888:
1873:
1864:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1832:
1817:
1808:
1798:
1794:
1784:
1769:
1760:
1745:
1741:
1732:
1717:
1713:
1704:
1690:
1680:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1636:
1627:
1612:
1603:
1588:
1584:
1575:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1515:
1500:
1491:
1476:
1467:
1457:
1453:
1444:
1429:
1420:
1405:
1396:
1381:
1377:
1368:
1353:
1349:
1340:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1301:
1297:
1288:
1273:
1264:
1228:
1218:
1204:
1200:
1191:
1176:
1166:
1151:
1141:
1126:
1116:
1101:
1097:
1087:
1072:
1068:
1058:
1048:
1038:
1023:
1013:
999:
995:
985:
971:
967:
957:
943:
933:
918:
908:
893:
889:
885:
881:
871:
856:
852:
842:
827:
823:
808:
804:
794:
780:
770:
755:
745:
730:
720:
705:
695:
681:
671:
661:
651:
636:
626:
617:
613:
609:
599:
584:
580:
571:
556:
552:
537:
533:
529:
519:
504:
494:
479:
475:
465:
450:
446:
430:
420:
410:
400:
385:
375:
360:
350:
335:
325:
310:
300:
285:
275:
260:
256:
246:
231:
221:
206:
196:
166:
148:
122:
114:and ⟨⟩, see
96:
33:
3954:Comparisons
3720:Piedmontese
3645:Marshallese
3448:Greenlandic
3366:Old English
3246:Azerbaijani
3098:instead of
3047:instead of
3023:instead of
2996:instead of
2972:instead of
2845:instead of
2803:glottalized
2204:-tər-sy-kəl
1253:Example(s)
555:ition, Lith
185:Example(s)
34:This is an
4017:Categories
3905:Vietnamese
3730:Portuguese
3680:Neapolitan
3605:Macedonian
3590:Lithuanian
3498:Indonesian
3256:Belarusian
3112:, "tense"
2821:, because
2797:, wherein
2795:-ər, whut-
2782:, because
2773:aspiration
2299:initialism
2038:Respelled
1244:Consonants
1203:bout, comm
3885:Ukrainian
3765:Sardinian
3695:Norwegian
3665:Mirandese
3660:Mongolian
3620:Malayalam
3503:Inuktitut
3488:Icelandic
3483:Hungarian
3436:Colognian
3431:Alemannic
3378:Esperanto
3309:Cantonese
3276:Bulgarian
3181:Afrikaans
3118:(compare
2040:syllables
74:H:RESPELL
66:Shortcuts
52:consensus
3900:Venetian
3870:Tigrinya
3785:Sicilian
3760:Sanskrit
3745:Romanian
3610:Malagasy
3585:Ligurian
3535:Japanese
3463:Hawaiian
3453:Gujarati
3426:Standard
3418:Georgian
3413:Galician
3383:Estonian
3336:Corsican
3304:Mandarin
3300:Chinese
3289:Standard
3285:Catalan
3236:Asturian
3231:Assamese
3226:Armenian
3219:Tunisian
3214:Lebanese
3204:Egyptian
3186:Albanian
3106:: "ice"
3002:/u(ː),ʊ/
2661:See also
2269:Shortcut
2206:because
1300:urch, na
1051:stration
826:ence, fr
108:Help:IPA
3992:Symbols
3930:Yiddish
3910:Walloon
3880:Turkmen
3875:Turkish
3865:Tibetan
3835:Tai Lue
3830:Tagalog
3825:Sylheti
3820:Swedish
3810:Swahili
3805:Spanish
3800:Sorbian
3795:Slovene
3755:Russian
3750:Romansh
3740:Quechua
3735:Punjabi
3715:Persian
3700:Occitan
3670:Nahuatl
3640:Marathi
3625:Maltese
3595:Lombard
3580:Latvian
3555:Kurdish
3528:Central
3523:Italian
3508:Inupiaq
3422:German
3398:Finnish
3361:English
3314:Hokkien
3294:Insular
3281:Burmese
3261:Bengali
3195:Arabic
3191:Amharic
2942:. When
2886:/ju(ː)/
2878:/ju(ː)/
2807:flapped
2769:/p,t,k/
2680:Respell
2306:respell
136:Respell
100:in the
56:vetting
3940:Zhuang
3935:Yoruba
3855:Telugu
3790:Slovak
3725:Polish
3710:Pashto
3685:Nepali
3675:Navajo
3565:Lakota
3560:Kyrgyz
3550:Korean
3540:Kazakh
3468:Hebrew
3408:French
3393:Fijian
3346:Danish
3271:Breton
3266:Berber
3251:Basque
3209:Hejazi
3176:Adyghe
2913:-nee-ə
2894:yoo(r)
2890:/jʊər/
2882:/jʊər/
2851:/i(ː)/
2730:) are
2649:, and
2633:, and
2575:growth
2494:, and
2392:-im-ee
2044:stress
1797:e, ten
1563:anukah
1527:ite, s
1456:uess,
1352:ye, la
1250:Rspl.
1109:/jʊər/
950:/aʊər/
787:/ɔɪər/
688:/aɪər/
664:storic
616:de, sk
583:tem, y
182:Rspl.
176:Vowels
3925:Xhosa
3915:Welsh
3895:Uzbek
3850:Tatar
3845:Tamil
3840:Tajik
3815:Swazi
3655:Mayan
3635:Māori
3615:Malay
3575:Latin
3545:Khmer
3513:Irish
3478:Hmong
3473:Hindi
3443:Greek
3356:Dutch
3341:Czech
3329:Xiang
3115:TENSS
3109:EYESS
3029:/k,x/
2827:-shən
2823:frus-
2819:-shən
2817:STRAY
2815:fruh-
2791:whot-
2700:Notes
2651:touch
2627:throw
2623:strow
2571:grown
2559:flown
2543:blown
2431:-bolt
2211:-tər-
2110:-shən
2106:-see-
1848:y, la
1844:ie, s
1744:ye, t
1716:ie, s
1587:ie, s
1531:y, lo
1460:uitar
1080:/ɜːr/
998:ce, b
901:/ɔːr/
888:se, p
884:se, h
864:/ʊər/
830:ition
612:te, b
544:/juː/
536:ty, d
532:te, b
487:/ɪər/
449:, ser
413:stige
293:/ɑːr/
268:/ɛər/
162:-dhər
155:-dhər
129:schwa
104:(IPA)
81:H:PRK
3945:Zulu
3890:Urdu
3860:Thai
3780:Shan
3705:Odia
3630:Manx
3518:Isan
3493:Igbo
3351:Dari
3166:keys
3124:tens
3120:eyes
3080:-kər
3078:TING
3065:/ŋk/
3053:/dʒ/
3017:/tʃ/
2978:/aɪ/
2953:TYTE
2928:/aɪ/
2909:-ew-
2907:LITH
2872:and
2855:/eɪ/
2825:TRAY
2784:tat-
2736:bal-
2655:/aʊ/
2647:soul
2643:soup
2639:loud
2635:trow
2619:stow
2615:sown
2607:snow
2603:slow
2599:show
2587:mown
2567:grow
2563:glow
2555:flow
2551:bowl
2539:blow
2535:/oʊ/
2531:/aʊ/
2388:meh-
2215:-kəl
2102:prə-
2017:plea
1953:/hw/
1697:/ŋk/
1664:, si
1508:/dʒ/
1408:ight
1333:ural
1329:, na
1325:chur
1309:/tʃ/
1235:/ər/
1227:lett
1184:/ʊr/
1167:uurr
1134:/ʌr/
1071:d, f
1006:/ɔɪ/
978:/aʊ/
970:t, v
926:/ɒr/
822:infl
815:/uː/
807:t, y
763:/oʊ/
713:/ɪr/
592:/aɪ/
564:/ju/
559:ania
512:/ɛr/
445:happ
438:/iː/
368:/eɪ/
343:/ɔː/
336:ough
318:/ær/
288:ther
239:/ɑː/
234:ther
157:and
54:and
3570:Lao
3319:Jin
3104:/z/
3092:/s/
3073:ngk
3041:/ɡ/
3021:tch
2990:/ʌ/
2966:/ɪ/
2936:/j/
2932:eye
2900:or
2888:or
2880:or
2874:ure
2853:or
2839:/ɛ/
2811:/s/
2805:or
2799:/t/
2779:TOO
2777:ta-
2631:tow
2611:sow
2595:row
2591:own
2583:mow
2579:low
2547:bow
2429:KOH
2426:as
2390:TON
2386:as
2346:-ee
2344:MOW
2209:MOH
2202:MOH
2104:NUN
2026:/ʒ/
2021:ure
2001:/z/
1977:/j/
1948:ine
1929:/w/
1924:ine
1905:/v/
1900:ine
1881:/θ/
1876:igh
1857:/t/
1825:/ʃ/
1777:/s/
1772:igh
1753:/r/
1725:/p/
1673:/ŋ/
1644:/n/
1639:igh
1620:/m/
1596:/l/
1568:/x/
1539:/k/
1503:ive
1484:/h/
1479:igh
1437:/ɡ/
1413:/f/
1389:/ð/
1380:y,
1361:/d/
1317:tch
1304:ure
1281:/b/
1257:IPA
1211:/ə/
1179:ier
1177:our
1159:/ʊ/
1127:urr
1117:urr
1102:eur
1100:, n
1098:ure
1088:ure
1073:urr
1031:/ʌ/
944:our
934:our
909:orr
892:, f
890:our
886:oar
859:ist
857:our
855:, t
853:oor
843:oor
835:/u/
781:oir
771:oir
738:/ɒ/
706:irr
696:irr
682:ire
672:ire
644:/ɪ/
587:kes
572:eye
551:int
534:eau
505:err
495:err
480:ear
478:, n
476:eer
466:eer
458:/i/
453:ous
393:/ɛ/
311:arr
301:arr
259:, M
257:ear
247:air
214:/æ/
189:IPA
160:FAR
153:FAH
145:Key
112:/ /
4019::
3324:Wu
3126:).
3122:,
3096:ss
3069:nk
3045:gh
3025:ch
3009:^
2994:uh
2970:ih
2920:^
2911:AY
2870:ew
2862:^
2843:eh
2793:EV
2786:OO
2760:eɪ
2738:AY
2708:^
2683:}}
2677:{{
2645:,
2641:,
2629:,
2625:,
2621:,
2617:,
2613:,
2609:,
2605:,
2601:,
2597:,
2593:,
2589:,
2585:,
2581:,
2577:,
2573:,
2569:,
2565:,
2561:,
2557:,
2553:,
2549:,
2545:,
2541:,
2537::
2513:oʊ
2507:oʊ
2456:,
2446:oʊ
2407:oʊ
2331:aʊ
2309:}}
2303:{{
2251:əl
2245:aɪ
2236:ər
2230:oʊ
2213:SY
2192:əl
2186:aɪ
2180:ər
2174:oʊ
2154:əl
2148:aɪ
2139:ər
2133:oʊ
2108:AY
2093:ən
2087:eɪ
2009:zh
1996:oo
1972:ou
1946:wh
1937:wh
1874:th
1865:th
1852:er
1850:tt
1818:sh
1809:sh
1785:ss
1691:nk
1689:si
1681:nk
1668:er
1666:ng
1662:ng
1660:ri
1652:ng
1561:Ch
1559:,
1557:ch
1555:lo
1547:kh
1533:ck
1445:gh
1384:is
1382:th
1378:th
1369:dh
1356:er
1354:dd
1327:ch
1298:ch
1289:ch
1276:uy
1229:er
1219:ər
1152:oo
1142:uu
1104:al
1069:ir
1059:ur
1047:fr
1039:uh
1000:oy
996:oi
994:ch
986:oy
972:ow
968:ou
958:ow
942:fl
921:al
919:or
896:um
894:or
882:or
872:or
809:ou
805:oo
795:oo
756:oa
746:oh
708:or
652:ih
538:ew
520:ew
482:er
431:ea
421:ee
409:pr
401:eh
361:ai
351:ay
326:aw
286:ar
276:ar
261:ar
222:ah
171:.
164:.
139:}}
133:{{
3156:e
3149:t
3142:v
3100:s
3082:.
3055:.
3049:g
3031:.
3004:.
2998:u
2980:.
2974:i
2956:.
2948:e
2944:y
2940:y
2915:.
2857:.
2847:e
2763:/
2757:l
2754:ˈ
2751:æ
2748:b
2745:/
2726:(
2522:/
2519:t
2516:l
2510:b
2504:k
2501:ˈ
2498:/
2490:/
2487:i
2484:m
2481:ɪ
2478:n
2475:ʌ
2472:t
2469:ˈ
2466:ɛ
2463:m
2460:/
2452:/
2449:i
2443:m
2440:ˈ
2437:/
2422:/
2419:t
2416:l
2413:ɒ
2410:b
2404:k
2401:ˈ
2398:/
2382:/
2379:i
2376:m
2373:ɪ
2370:n
2367:ɒ
2364:t
2361:ˈ
2358:ɛ
2355:m
2352:/
2337:/
2334:i
2328:m
2325:ˈ
2322:/
2258:.
2254:/
2248:k
2242:s
2239:ˈ
2233:t
2227:m
2224:ˌ
2221:/
2195:/
2189:k
2183:s
2177:t
2171:m
2168:ˈ
2165:/
2157:/
2151:k
2145:s
2142:ˌ
2136:t
2130:m
2127:ˈ
2124:/
2096:/
2090:ʃ
2084:ˈ
2081:i
2078:s
2075:n
2072:ʌ
2069:n
2066:ˌ
2063:ə
2060:r
2057:p
2054:/
2019:s
1994:z
1985:z
1970:y
1961:y
1922:w
1913:w
1898:v
1889:v
1846:t
1842:t
1833:t
1820:y
1801:e
1799:s
1795:c
1793:i
1770:s
1761:s
1748:y
1746:r
1742:r
1733:r
1720:y
1718:p
1714:p
1705:p
1637:n
1628:n
1615:y
1613:m
1604:m
1591:y
1589:l
1585:l
1576:l
1529:k
1525:k
1516:k
1501:j
1492:j
1477:h
1468:h
1458:g
1454:g
1432:o
1430:g
1421:g
1406:f
1397:f
1350:d
1341:d
1331:t
1302:t
1274:b
1265:b
1205:a
1201:a
1192:ə
1175:c
1154:k
1150:b
1129:y
1125:h
1096:c
1075:y
1067:b
1049:u
1026:t
1024:u
1022:b
1014:u
966:b
917:m
880:h
851:p
828:u
824:u
803:b
779:c
758:t
754:b
733:t
731:o
729:b
721:o
704:m
680:h
662:i
660:h
639:t
637:i
635:b
627:i
618:y
614:i
610:i
608:b
600:y
585:i
581:i
557:u
553:u
530:u
528:c
507:y
503:m
474:b
451:i
447:y
433:t
429:b
411:e
388:t
386:e
384:b
376:e
363:t
359:b
338:t
334:b
313:y
309:m
284:f
263:y
255:b
232:a
230:f
209:t
207:a
205:b
197:a
118:.
58:.
38:.
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