4667:
1900:. While the precise definitions and requirements of proof vary among jurisdictions, the requisite elements of fraud as a tort generally are the intentional misrepresentation or concealment of an important fact upon which the victim is meant to rely, and in fact does rely, to the harm of the victim. Proving fraud in a court of law is often said to be difficult as the intention to defraud is the key element in question. As such, proving fraud comes with a "greater evidentiary burden than other civil claims". This difficulty is exacerbated by the fact that some jurisdictions require the victim to prove fraud by
4436:
2090:
2746:
4478:
4604:
3187:
2935:
4226:
2275:(ONS) stated "Almost six million fraud and cyber crimes were committed last year in England and Wales and estimated there were two million computer misuse offences and 3.8 million fraud offences in the 12 months to the end of March 2016." Fraud affects one in ten people in the UK. According to the ONS, most fraud relates to bank account fraud. These figures are separate from the headline estimate that another 6.3 million crimes (distinct from fraud) were perpetrated in the UK against adults in the year to March 2016.
2998:
4541:
2851:
2704:
5856:
3124:
2268:, Adrian Leppard, has said, only 1 in 12 such crimes are actually reported. Donald Toon, director of the NCA's economic crime command, stated in July 2016: "The annual losses to the UK from fraud are estimated to be more than £190bn". Figures released in October 2015 from the Crime Survey of England and Wales found that there had been 5.1 million incidents of fraud in England and Wales in the previous year, affecting an estimated one in 12 adults and making it the most common form of crime.
3953:
4625:
3722:
9178:
6527:
9187:
9034:
1797:
4247:
3974:
3229:
2809:
4163:
9048:
7025:
3890:
3659:
3061:
2788:
3764:
4415:
4037:
3743:
1963:). The elements of fraud as a crime similarly vary. The requisite elements of perhaps the most general form of criminal fraud, theft by false pretense, are the intentional deception of a victim by false representation or pretense with the intent of persuading the victim to part with property and with the victim parting with property in reliance on the representation or pretense and with the perpetrator intending to keep the property from the victim.
4331:
3491:
3407:
2830:
4373:
4268:
4079:
3869:
3166:
2977:
2956:
4520:
4352:
4142:
3040:
3302:
4583:
3932:
3512:
3470:
3449:
3386:
3208:
3082:
2914:
2893:
2725:
4646:
4289:
4184:
3911:
3701:
3281:
3145:
2767:
2683:
2662:
4562:
4310:
3848:
3680:
3596:
3533:
3428:
3103:
2872:
4058:
3995:
3827:
3638:
3365:
3261:
3250:
51:
4499:
3806:
3785:
3617:
3019:
1841:
3344:
4016:
4100:
4457:
4121:
4205:
3323:
3554:
4394:
3575:
1972:
2539:, meaning that it is more likely than not that the fraud occurred. Some jurisdictions impose a higher evidentiary standard, such as Washington State's requirement that the elements of fraud be proved with clear, cogent, and convincing evidence (very probable evidence), or Pennsylvania's requirement that common law fraud be proved by clear and convincing evidence.
1875:(e.g., a fraud perpetrator may be prosecuted and imprisoned by governmental authorities), or it may cause no loss of money, property, or legal right but still be an element of another civil or criminal wrong. The purpose of fraud may be monetary gain or other benefits, for example by obtaining a passport, travel document, or driver's license, or
2501:. Throughout the United States fraud charges can be misdemeanours or felonies depending on the amount of loss involved. High value fraud can also trigger additional penalties. For example, in California, losses of $ 500,000 or more will result in an extra two, three, or five years in prison in addition to the regular penalty for the fraud.
2256:(FAP), business fraud accounted for £144bn, while fraud against individuals was estimated at £9.7bn. The FAP has been particularly critical of the support available from the police to victims of fraud in the UK outside of London. Although victims of fraud are generally referred to the UK's national fraud and cyber crime reporting centre,
1987:, and counterfeiting are types of fraud involved in physical duplication or fabrication. The "theft" of one's personal information or identity, like one finding out another's social security number and then using it as identification, is a type of fraud. Fraud can be committed through and across many media including
2297:
in
January 2011 concerned with "Tackling Internal Fraud", concerned that economic pressures and potential staff redundancies at the time might lead those staff who "might be tempted" to commit fraud to make more of any opportunity which might arise, noting a possible shift in the balance between "the
2197:
in 2011, for cases of fraud involving public or private property with a value ranging from 3,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan, from 30,000 yuan to 500,000 yuan, and over 500,000 yuan, they should be respectively deemed as "relatively large amount," "large amount," and "particularly large amount" as stipulated
2134:
estimated that the typical organization loses five percent of its annual revenue to fraud, with a median loss of $ 160,000. Fraud committed by owners and executives were more than nine times as costly as employee fraud. The industries most commonly affected are banking, manufacturing, and government.
2504:
The U.S. government's 2006 fraud review concluded that fraud is a significantly under-reported crime, and while various agencies and organizations were attempting to tackle the issue, greater co-operation was needed to achieve a real impact in the public sector. The scale of the problem pointed to
2390:
is a
British fraud prevention service, a not-for-profit membership organization for all sectors that enables organizations to share and access fraud data using their databases. Cifas is dedicated to the prevention of fraud, including internal fraud by staff, and the identification of financial and
2338:
The Act gives a statutory definition of the criminal offence of fraud, defining it in three classes—fraud by false representation, fraud by failing to disclose information, and fraud by abuse of position. It provides that a person found guilty of fraud is liable to a fine or imprisonment for up to
2244:
As at
November 2017, fraud is the most common criminal offence in the UK according to a study by Crowe Clark Whitehill, Experian and the Centre for Counter Fraud Studies. The study suggests the UK loses over £190 billion per year to fraud. £190 billion is more than 9% of the UK's projected GDP for
2240:
reported that the value of UK fraud hit a 15-year high of £2.11bn in 2017, according to a study. The article said that the accountancy firm BDO examined reported fraud cases worth more than £50,000 and found that the total number rose to 577 in 2017, compared with 212 in 2003. The study found that
1887:
Fraud can be defined as either a civil wrong or a criminal act. For civil fraud, a government agency or person or entity harmed by fraud may bring litigation to stop the fraud, seek monetary damages, or both. For criminal fraud, a person may be prosecuted for the fraud and potentially face fines,
2108:
Using computer-based analytic methods in particular allows for surfacing of errors, anomalies, inefficiencies, irregularities, and biases which often refer to fraudsters gravitating to certain dollar amounts to get past internal control thresholds. These high-level tests include tests related to
2447:
In addition to the penalties outlined above, the court can also issue a prohibition order under s. 380.2 (preventing a person from "seeking, obtaining or continuing any employment, or becoming or being a volunteer in any capacity, that involves having authority over the real property, money or
2282:
in 2016. Michael Levi, professor of criminology at
Cardiff University, remarked in August 2016 that it was "deeply regrettable" that fraud was being left out of the first index despite being the most common crime reported to police in the UK. Levi said "If you've got some categories that are
2172:
Those who commit fraud involving a "relatively large amount" of public or private property shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, or injunction control with community correction, and may additionally or solely be
6155:
2287:(NAO), Sir Anyas Morse has also said "For too long, as a low-value but high-volume crime, online fraud has been overlooked by government, law enforcement and industry. It is now the most commonly experienced crime in England and Wales and demands an urgent response."
2427:. (1) Every one who, by deceit, falsehood or other fraudulent means, whether or not it is a false pretence within the meaning of this Act, defrauds the public or any person, whether ascertained or not, of any property, money or valuable security or any service,
2431:(a) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to a term of imprisonment not exceeding fourteen years, where the subject-matter of the offence is a testamentary instrument or the value of the subject-matter of the offence exceeds five thousand dollars; or
6082:
If the pattern of related felony conduct involves the taking of, or results in the loss by another person or entity of, more than five hundred thousand dollars ($ 500,000), the additional term of punishment shall be two, three, or five years in the state
2063:, which ultimately never arrive, is a type of fraud, known as commodities fraud. Alternatively, the term can relate to: the failure of registering in an exchange; the act of deliberately providing falsified information to clients; the action of executing
2180:
If the amount involved is "particularly large" or there are other particularly serious circumstances, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of over ten years or life imprisonment and shall also be fined or have their property
2617:
relating to the offering and sale of securities and corporate reporting. The SEC was given the power to license and regulate stock exchanges, the companies whose securities traded on them, and the brokers and dealers who conducted the trading.
5165:
2263:
In July 2016, it was reported that fraudulent activity levels in the UK increased in the 10 years leading up to 2016 from £52 billion to £193 bn. This figure would be a conservative estimate, since as the former commissioner of the
2298:
reward from fraud" and the risk of detection. An aspect of the guidance was to equip staff to look out for "fraud indicators": clues or hints that an individual member of staff, team or area of activity might need "a closer look".
6147:
2403:, fraud is covered under the common law and a number of statutory offences. The main fraud offences are common law fraud, uttering, embezzlement, and statutory fraud. The Fraud Act 2006 does not apply in Scotland.
2014:
Given the international nature of the web and ease with which users can hide their location, obstacles to checking identity and legitimacy online, and the variety of hacker techniques available to gain access to
2113:
and possibly also those statistics known as descriptive statistics. High-level tests are always followed by more focused tests to look for small samples of highly irregular transactions. The familiar methods of
5529:
2176:
If the amount involved is "large" or there are other serious circumstances, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years and shall also be
5198:
1950:
In common law jurisdictions, as a criminal offense, fraud takes many different forms, some general (e.g., theft by false pretense) and some specific to particular categories of victims or misconduct (e.g.,
5830:
2019:
have all contributed to the very rapid growth of
Internet fraud. In some countries, tax fraud is also prosecuted under false billing or tax forgery. There have also been fraudulent "discoveries", e.g.,
2590:
to protect the public from fraud. Though the specific provisions of these laws varied among states, they all required the registration of all securities offerings and sales, as well as of every U.S.
2513:
Although elements may vary by jurisdiction and the specific allegations made by a plaintiff who files a lawsuit that alleged fraud, typical elements of a fraud case in the United States are that:
5740:
5154:
2260:, the FAP found that there was "little chance" that these crime reports would be followed up with any kind of substantive law enforcement action by UK authorities, according to the report.
5443:
5987:
2546:
The "benefit of bargain" rule, which allows for recovery of damages in the amount of the difference between the value of the property had it been as represented and its actual value;
5888:
5530:中华人民共和国最高人民法院 中华人民共和国最高人民检察院 The Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China and the Supreme People's Procuratorate of the People's Republic of China (1 March 2011).
6069:
5707:
5676:
2535:
To establish a civil claim of fraud, most jurisdictions in the United States require that each element of a fraud claim be pleaded with particularity and be proved by a
5190:
2549:
Out-of-pocket loss, which allows for the recovery of damages in the amount of the difference between the value of what was given and the value of what was received.
2497:
The proof requirements for criminal fraud charges in the United States are essentially the same as the requirements for other crimes: guilt must be proved beyond a
2457:
A prohibited act of deceit, falsehood or other fraudulent means. In the absence of deceit or falsehood, the courts will look objectively for a "dishonest act"; and
5131:
2347:. This Act largely replaces the laws relating to obtaining property by deception, obtaining a pecuniary advantage and other offences that were created under the
5822:
7061:
5074:
2470:
has held that deprivation is satisfied on proof of detriment, prejudice or risk of prejudice; it is not essential that there be actual loss. Deprivation of
7812:
5641:
5361:
5413:
4966:
4717:
which criminalizes false representation of having been awarded any decoration or medal authorized by
Congress for the Armed Forces of the United States
5508:
5539:
2154:
6481:
5732:
2579:
Beyond legislation directed at preventing or punishing fraud, some governmental and non-governmental organizations engage in anti-fraud efforts.
2440:(ii) of an offence punishable on summary conviction, where the value of the subject-matter of the offence does not exceed five thousand dollars.
6344:
5938:
5100:
6557:
6374:
5450:
6099:
5998:
5617:
2084:
1080:
1911:(i.e., reversal) of a fraudulently obtained agreement or transaction, the recovery of a monetary award to compensate for the harm caused,
5964:
5878:
5224:
2460:
The deprivation must be caused by the prohibited act, and deprivation must relate to property, money, valuable security, or any service.
2185:
According to the "Interpretation on
Several Issues Concerning the Specific Application of the Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Fraud" (
2031:
is a distinct concept that involves deliberate deception without the intention of gain or of materially damaging or depriving a victim.
6486:
6061:
1220:
5698:
2039:
Internal fraud, also known as "insider fraud", is fraud committed or attempted by someone within an organisation such as an employee.
7054:
4920:
6544:
6471:
5048:
9100:
9015:
7825:
5668:
5479:
2637:
2131:
2640:
is shown below for the last available year. Definitions of fraud and fraction of unreported fraud might differ for each country,.
6258:
5008:
2606:
5390:
6288:
5920:
2374:
2284:
1155:
1012:
6496:
6207:
2370:
2360:
7047:
2487:
5475:
7701:
6878:
5191:"The Equitable Remedy of Rescission: A Tool to Defeat Fraud - Insurance Law - Insurance Law - LexisNexis® Legal Newsroom"
5864:
2249:.) The estimate for fraud in the UK figure is more than the entire GDP of countries such as Romania, Qatar and Hungary.
2097:
The detection of fraudulent activities on a large scale is possible with the harvesting of massive amounts of financial
6513:
6466:
6434:
4853:
4710:
1827:
5123:
8441:
7999:
7898:
6451:
2194:
9777:
9699:
8555:
8424:
5800:
5770:
5569:
4441:
2016:
648:
412:
2531:
The other person suffers injury as a result of the act or forbearance taken in reliance upon the misrepresentation
2505:
the need for a small but high-powered body to bring together the numerous counter-fraud initiatives that existed.
9010:
8357:
8258:
7830:
7766:
7691:
6584:
6548:
5994:
5595:
4790:
1546:
17:
8517:
8151:
7270:
6657:
6314:
2598:
2478:
or copyrighted material that has commercial value, has also been held to fall within the scope of the offence.
2279:
2272:
1478:
884:
137:
5645:
5357:
7870:
7711:
7506:
7120:
5070:
2536:
1901:
894:
9772:
5421:
1871:(e.g., a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrator to avoid the fraud or recover monetary compensation) or
407:
9093:
8677:
8156:
7395:
7210:
5500:
5013:
4858:
4826:
2102:
1336:
969:
878:
9895:
9880:
6531:
5531:
1369:
8672:
7260:
2307:
revealed that the majority of fraud in the United
Kingdom was perpetrated from industrial-scale scamming
1552:
9462:
9203:
8647:
8146:
7756:
7746:
7716:
7471:
7355:
4692:
2586:
status. These laws were enacted and enforced at the state level and regulated the offering and sale of
1326:
1005:
568:
216:
9940:
8730:
7807:
7786:
7731:
7225:
6030:
2190:
1908:
1641:
1490:
862:
6177:
5934:
9935:
8525:
8507:
7781:
7586:
7375:
6504:
6122:
6049:
5096:
4884:
2471:
2381:
1674:
1658:
1225:
1185:
909:
132:
8859:
5626:
9577:
9086:
8900:
8687:
8176:
8161:
7751:
7606:
7435:
6366:
6336:
6095:
6045:
6026:
5860:
5855:
5294:"Tax Fraud and the Problem of a Constitutionality Acceptable Definition of Religion". BJ Casino.
4821:
2467:
2437:(i) of an indictable offence and is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or
1539:
1364:
1331:
727:
9885:
9689:
9679:
9302:
9177:
8955:
8940:
7681:
7445:
7410:
7385:
7265:
7230:
7165:
7018:
6822:
6719:
4705:
2940:
2417:
1939:
1868:
1820:
1735:
1557:
1468:
1311:
1256:
1160:
1055:
899:
638:
628:
314:
163:
112:
65:
31:
5960:
2384:(NFA) was, until 2014, a government agency coordinating the counter-fraud response in the UK.
1867:
to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive a victim of a legal right. Fraud can violate
9674:
9437:
9059:
8652:
8330:
8141:
7837:
7648:
7245:
7235:
6990:
6966:
5220:
4982:
4806:
4231:
2602:
2265:
2021:
1695:
1669:
1588:
1473:
1435:
1230:
1190:
1177:
998:
919:
623:
543:
6281:"Speech by SEC Staff: remarks at the F. Hodge O'Neal Corporate and securities Law symposium"
6178:"Boehm v. Riversource Life Insurance Co., 2015 PA Super 120, 117 A.3d 308 (Pa. Super. 2015)"
2448:
valuable security of another person"). It can also make a restitution order under s. 380.3.
2105:
or forensic analytics, the use of electronic data to reconstruct or detect financial fraud.
9767:
9684:
9669:
9563:
8780:
8126:
7721:
7541:
7531:
7400:
6627:
4997:
4946:
4941:
4750:
4701:
that may or may not include the elements of personal gain or damage to another individual:
4609:
2253:
2119:
1931:
1167:
1107:
713:
633:
618:
402:
1879:, where the perpetrator may attempt to qualify for a mortgage by way of false statements.
8:
9857:
9233:
9121:
8935:
8075:
7992:
7802:
7476:
7450:
7415:
7340:
7275:
7200:
6961:
6729:
6577:
6423:
5248:"How cybercriminal communities grow and change: An investigation of ad-fraud communities"
4992:
4905:
4869:
4816:
4760:
4546:
3517:
2709:
2594:
and brokerage firm. However, these Blue Sky laws were generally found to be ineffective.
2215:
2089:
1992:
1988:
1976:
1532:
1526:
1485:
1422:
1245:
1046:
857:
245:
197:
127:
117:
2283:
excluded, they are automatically left out of the police's priorities." The Chief of the
9925:
9782:
9762:
9727:
9717:
9337:
9318:
9248:
9157:
8750:
8409:
8263:
8248:
8226:
7970:
7950:
7903:
7893:
7776:
7671:
7611:
7190:
7185:
7005:
6724:
6250:
6231:"Contracts: Damages: Punitive Damages Awarded for Breach Accompanied by Fraudulent Act"
5915:
5536:中华人民共和国最高人民法院公报 Gazette of the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China
5277:
5018:
4951:
4745:
4042:
3192:
2587:
2340:
2294:
1927:
1775:
1662:
1593:
1562:
1453:
1417:
1393:
1349:
1132:
1074:
961:
778:
768:
417:
397:
349:
330:
260:
157:
5823:"Online fraud costs public billions but is still not a police priority, says watchdog"
5044:
2165:) refers to the "criminal act of deceiving and obtaining public or private property."
9930:
9787:
9623:
9278:
9243:
8735:
8657:
8495:
8238:
8233:
8186:
8111:
8105:
7945:
7863:
7817:
7526:
7425:
7290:
6813:
6687:
6509:
6492:
6462:
6447:
6430:
6230:
5382:
5339:
5331:
5281:
5269:
4842:
2561:
2518:
2320:
2303:
2207:
1813:
1720:
1715:
1705:
1700:
1516:
1495:
1359:
1305:
1292:
1240:
1200:
940:
914:
799:
422:
290:
255:
6280:
9843:
9549:
9487:
9384:
8740:
8707:
8206:
8070:
8065:
8030:
7676:
7638:
7566:
7501:
7430:
7420:
7380:
7310:
7250:
7150:
7135:
7130:
7125:
6852:
6847:
6803:
6798:
6781:
6637:
6618:
6613:
6242:
5321:
5264:
5259:
5247:
4915:
4910:
4900:
4811:
4796:
4785:
4755:
2627:
2614:
2568:
2542:
The measure of damages in fraud cases is normally computed using one of two rules:
2498:
2324:
2231:
In 2016, the estimated value lost through fraud in the UK was £193 billion a year.
2110:
1912:
1845:
1730:
1710:
1583:
1511:
1463:
1412:
1345:
1287:
1195:
1172:
1114:
1102:
889:
847:
842:
699:
593:
488:
183:
6399:
6203:
2451:
The
Canadian courts have held that the offence consists of two distinct elements:
2241:
the average amount stolen in each incident rose to £3.66m, up from £1.5m in 2003.
9920:
9817:
9743:
9419:
9325:
9223:
9152:
8989:
8962:
8950:
8930:
8864:
8842:
8822:
8817:
8797:
8662:
8642:
8637:
8540:
8500:
8211:
8136:
8060:
8045:
7965:
7736:
7706:
7633:
7616:
7481:
7285:
7145:
6883:
6827:
6817:
6765:
6755:
6692:
6672:
5910:
5365:
5023:
4925:
4879:
4775:
4728:
4714:
2557:
2553:
2236:
1956:
1919:
1725:
1387:
1316:
1299:
833:
523:
452:
378:
337:
235:
173:
103:
88:
9915:
9827:
9822:
9792:
9614:
9308:
9162:
9066:
8874:
8792:
8381:
8347:
8298:
8283:
8055:
7960:
7940:
7930:
7658:
7643:
7460:
7365:
7345:
7280:
7028:
6956:
6914:
6888:
6842:
6709:
6677:
6662:
6652:
6570:
5483:
5002:
4890:
4831:
3129:
2348:
2328:
2047:
The illegal act of obtaining (or the attempt of obtaining) a certain amount of
2008:
2004:
1876:
1765:
1521:
1403:
1321:
1123:
1069:
1064:
945:
903:
462:
457:
427:
320:
7039:
9909:
9559:
9457:
9263:
9213:
8920:
8879:
8765:
8745:
8717:
8667:
8632:
8606:
8601:
8594:
8545:
8485:
8325:
8315:
8273:
8196:
8191:
8121:
8080:
8004:
7771:
7741:
7571:
7370:
7335:
7320:
7175:
7155:
7087:
6946:
6919:
6898:
6832:
6760:
6697:
6608:
5335:
5273:
4987:
4848:
4836:
4765:
4630:
3727:
2522:
2098:
1605:
709:
563:
275:
225:
27:
Intentional deception made for personal gain or to damage another individual
9867:
9802:
9409:
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9052:
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8458:
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6808:
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2610:
2583:
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1923:
1872:
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1265:
950:
513:
437:
310:
295:
207:
58:
38:
9890:
6482:
The Nature, Extent and
Economic Impact of Fraud in the UK. February, 2007.
2024:, where the appetite is for prestige rather than immediate monetary gain.
9571:
9567:
9477:
9228:
9142:
8974:
8915:
8905:
8702:
8697:
8535:
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7491:
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7305:
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7140:
7102:
7000:
6936:
6929:
6924:
6862:
6682:
6632:
6553:
5792:
5762:
5326:
5309:
5097:"California Civil Jury Instructions: 1900. Intentional Misrepresentation"
4733:
4483:
4252:
4168:
3979:
3958:
3234:
2814:
2591:
2308:
2290:
2115:
1996:
1636:
1235:
1150:
965:
721:
717:
583:
240:
169:
93:
6526:
5561:
9862:
9648:
9529:
9524:
9404:
9288:
9268:
9258:
9238:
9192:
9167:
9137:
9038:
8967:
8847:
8785:
8530:
8451:
8446:
8404:
8386:
8374:
8335:
8181:
8171:
8131:
8116:
8100:
8050:
7987:
7982:
7623:
7576:
7521:
7511:
7486:
7360:
7295:
7220:
7180:
7170:
6983:
6893:
6837:
6793:
6739:
6642:
6623:
6440:
6254:
5591:
3895:
3769:
3664:
3066:
2793:
2633:
2609:(SEC). The main reason for the creation of the SEC was to regulate the
2344:
1952:
1801:
1745:
1648:
1600:
1270:
1211:
1137:
1029:
986:
872:
824:
679:
674:
508:
300:
280:
270:
250:
202:
122:
75:
6857:
5733:"Report highlights 'same failings' in fight against fraud 10 years on"
5642:"Fraud costs the UK economy £190bn as incidents soar | City A.M."
5221:"California Criminal Jury Instructions: 1804. Theft By False Pretense"
4697:
Apart from fraud, there are several related categories of intentional
2373:
is an arm of the Government of the United Kingdom, accountable to the
9832:
9812:
9797:
9732:
9638:
9633:
9602:
9592:
9554:
9492:
9472:
9414:
9389:
8945:
8910:
8852:
8827:
8692:
8589:
8577:
8562:
8550:
8478:
8396:
8369:
8253:
7205:
6667:
5883:
4770:
4738:
4698:
4420:
4336:
3748:
3496:
3412:
2751:
2400:
1864:
1779:
814:
809:
783:
752:
742:
704:
598:
578:
518:
493:
467:
447:
432:
9186:
9033:
6310:
6246:
1796:
1444:
9752:
9722:
9643:
9587:
9539:
9514:
9496:
9432:
9399:
9370:
9352:
9347:
9330:
9293:
9273:
8994:
8979:
8682:
8567:
8364:
7908:
7591:
7561:
7390:
7255:
7240:
6702:
6459:
Lying, Cheating, and Stealing: A Moral Theory of White Collar Crime
5867:, published January 2011, archived version accessed 9 November 2022
4956:
4930:
4895:
4525:
4378:
4357:
4273:
4147:
4084:
3874:
3171:
3045:
2982:
2961:
2835:
2052:
2048:
2000:
1935:
1755:
1615:
1378:
1275:
1097:
935:
867:
819:
773:
737:
689:
664:
602:
538:
503:
387:
364:
359:
342:
305:
285:
82:
6400:"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, crime-violent-offences"
2567:
Some jurisdictions may permit a plaintiff in a fraud case to seek
1938:. Similarly, fraud may serve as a basis for a court to invoke its
1918:
In cases of a fraudulently induced contract, fraud may serve as a
1840:
9852:
9694:
9660:
9628:
9597:
9544:
9519:
9467:
9447:
9442:
9424:
9394:
9357:
9342:
9253:
9218:
9078:
8884:
8832:
8812:
8760:
8572:
8490:
8306:
8268:
8216:
7097:
6995:
6941:
6562:
5859: This article incorporates text published under the British
4936:
4801:
4651:
4588:
4294:
4189:
3937:
3916:
3706:
3475:
3454:
3391:
3349:
3307:
3286:
3254:
3249:
3213:
3150:
3087:
2919:
2898:
2856:
2772:
2730:
2688:
2667:
2343:, or a fine or imprisonment for up to ten years on conviction on
2072:
1984:
1960:
1610:
1578:
1458:
1280:
852:
804:
747:
694:
669:
643:
573:
553:
548:
528:
498:
369:
354:
265:
230:
192:
50:
2278:
Fraud was not included in a "Crime Harm Index" published by the
9757:
9582:
9452:
9313:
9147:
8984:
8837:
8582:
8473:
8468:
8414:
8085:
7696:
7556:
5793:"Nearly six million fraud and cyber crimes last year, ONS says"
4972:
4567:
4462:
4315:
4210:
4126:
4063:
4000:
3853:
3832:
3685:
3643:
3601:
3538:
3433:
3370:
3328:
3108:
3003:
2877:
2093:
A fraudulent manufacturer's suggested retail price on a speaker
1971:
1653:
1620:
732:
558:
392:
325:
153:
6499:
by Eamon Dillon, published September 2008 by Merlin Publishing
9482:
9379:
9110:
8925:
8869:
8775:
8616:
8419:
7918:
7092:
4504:
4399:
3811:
3790:
3622:
3580:
3559:
3265:
3260:
3024:
2387:
2364:
2335:
on 8 November 2006, and came into effect on 15 January 2007.
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
588:
483:
6505:
The Book of Swindles: Selections from a Late Ming Collection
2560:
by defendant's fraud and the damage amounts are proved with
9807:
9534:
8807:
8755:
8611:
8009:
7925:
7082:
6973:
6951:
4977:
4864:
4105:
4021:
2211:
2122:
can also be used to detect fraud and other irregularities.
2028:
1897:
1037:
955:
684:
442:
5879:"Labour vows to bar foreign scam callers using UK numbers"
5449:. Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. Archived from
2525:
in order to obtain action or forbearance by another person
1896:
In common law jurisdictions, as a civil wrong, fraud is a
7879:
5532:"最高人民法院 最高人民检察院关于办理诈骗刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释 - 中华人民共和国最高人民法院公报"
5383:"Commodities fraud | Definition, History, & Examples"
2252:
According to another review by the UK anti-fraud charity
1853:
6539:
5310:"Fraud in science: a plea for a new culture in research"
1915:
to punish or deter the misconduct, and possibly others.
4933:, attempt to fraudulently acquire sensitive information
2582:
Between 1911 and 1933, 47 states adopted the so-called
2314:
7848:
5592:"UK fraud costing '£193bn a year', new study suggests"
5669:"Experian claims fraud costs GB£190 billion per year"
5476:
Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse
5308:
Müller, M. J.; Landsberg, B.; Ried, J. (April 2014).
2420:
provides the general definition for fraud in Canada:
9182:
2597:
To increase public trust in the capital markets the
5988:"The Law of Fraud and White Collar Crime in Canada"
5307:
37:"Phony" redirects here. For the Vocaloid song, see
5625:
4967:Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
2528:The other person relies upon the misrepresentation
6488:The Fraudsters – How Con Artists Steal Your Money
6123:"Halpert v. Rosenthal, 267 A. 2d 730 (R.I. 1970)"
2206:In India, the criminal laws are enshrined in the
2067:with the sole purpose of making a profit for the
9907:
6444:Frauds, Spies, and Lies – and How to Defeat Them
6427:Fraud: An American History from Barnum to Madoff
1848:slot used to commit bank fraud upon bank patrons
7069:
5618:"UK fraud hits 15-year high with value of £2bn"
6478:, (1999) Vol, 48, No. 4 American Law Review 1.
5911:"The Fraud Act 2006 (Commencement) Order 2006"
4861:, famous British business scandal of the 1980s
2168:According to Article 266 of the Criminal Law:
2155:Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China
9094:
7864:
7055:
6578:
6558:U.S. Department of Justice, Criminal Division
1821:
1006:
6367:"Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC")"
6152:Washington Pattern Jury Instructions - Civil
6062:"California Code, Penal Code - PEN § 186.11"
5124:"The Difficulty of Proving Financial Crimes"
2245:2017 ($ 2,496 (£2,080) billion according to
2085:Data analysis techniques for fraud detection
1081:Intentional infliction of emotional distress
5850:
5848:
5252:Technological Forecasting and Social Change
5153:Long, Louis C.; Cameron, Robert W. (1993).
5152:
9101:
9087:
7871:
7857:
7813:Criminal enterprises, gangs and syndicates
7062:
7048:
6585:
6571:
2574:
1975:An advertisement for possibly fraudulent "
1828:
1814:
1221:Negligent infliction of emotional distress
1013:
999:
5325:
5263:
4921:The National Council Against Health Fraud
1983:The falsification of documents, known as
9016:History of the American legal profession
6540:Association of Certified Fraud Examiners
5845:
5480:Association of Certified Fraud Examiners
5073:. Journal of Accountancy. October 2004.
2638:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
2636:for individual countries as reported by
2132:Association of Certified Fraud Examiners
2088:
1970:
1839:
6394:
6392:
6337:"Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882–1945)"
6303:
6228:
5961:"Criminal Code, Sections 380.2 - 380.3"
5121:
5009:United States Postal Inspection Service
2607:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
2354:
14:
9908:
5876:
5803:from the original on 23 September 2016
5773:from the original on 28 September 2016
5666:
5444:"Using Data Analysis to Detect Frauds"
5314:European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
5245:
5122:Henning, Peter J. (13 December 2020).
2375:Attorney General for England and Wales
9082:
7852:
7043:
6566:
6229:Koerner, Theodore G. (January 1958).
6210:from the original on 7 September 2017
6201:
5985:
5833:from the original on 7 September 2017
5763:"UK fraud police release wanted list"
5679:from the original on 13 November 2017
5598:from the original on 7 September 2017
5495:
5493:
5393:from the original on 17 December 2022
5376:
5374:
5227:from the original on 28 December 2013
5103:from the original on 28 December 2013
5077:from the original on 25 December 2018
5051:from the original on 25 December 2018
2556:may be allowed if shown to have been
2361:Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom)
2130:Participants of a 2010 survey by the
7712:High-yield investment program (HYIP)
6417:
6389:
6317:from the original on 9 December 2017
6261:from the original on 22 January 2021
5967:from the original on 17 January 2014
5542:from the original on 8 November 2023
5468:
5411:
5380:
5358:The growing threat of internal fraud
2488:United States free speech exceptions
2315:England, Wales, and Northern Ireland
2198:in Article 266 of the Criminal Law.
2042:
7702:Foundation for New Era Philanthropy
6508:. Columbia University Press, 2017.
6437:(2017). Princeton University Press.
6098:. Federal Bureau of Investigation.
6072:from the original on 10 August 2017
5941:from the original on 7 October 2015
5829:. Press Association. 30 June 2017.
5743:from the original on 26 August 2016
5713:from the original on 21 August 2016
1907:The remedies for fraud may include
24:
9108:
6592:
6158:from the original on 6 August 2017
6148:"WPI 160.02 Fraud—Burden of Proof"
6066:California Legislative Information
5572:from the original on 12 April 2021
5490:
5371:
5223:. Judicial Council of California.
5201:from the original on 1 August 2020
5155:"Fraud Litigation in Pennsylvania"
5134:from the original on 1 August 2020
5099:. Judicial Council of California.
4854:Great Stock Exchange Fraud of 1814
4686:
25:
9952:
8000:Restitution and unjust enrichment
6519:
6461:. Oxford University Press, 2006.
6102:from the original on 10 July 2017
5861:Open Government Licence
5171:from the original on 31 July 2020
2492:
2226:
2034:
1966:
9700:Perverting the course of justice
9185:
9176:
9124:. Not all types are listed here.
9047:
9046:
9032:
7024:
7023:
6525:
6377:from the original on 4 June 2023
6347:from the original on 14 May 2021
6291:from the original on 8 July 2017
6202:Chang, Stanley Y. (April 1994).
6068:. California State Legislature.
5995:Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP
5923:, 29 November 2006, SI 2006/3200
5854:
5667:Murphy, Ian (13 November 2017).
5412:Ravi, Priti (July–August 2013).
4665:
4644:
4623:
4602:
4581:
4560:
4539:
4518:
4497:
4476:
4455:
4434:
4413:
4392:
4371:
4350:
4329:
4308:
4287:
4266:
4245:
4224:
4203:
4182:
4161:
4140:
4119:
4098:
4077:
4056:
4035:
4014:
3993:
3972:
3951:
3930:
3909:
3888:
3867:
3846:
3825:
3804:
3783:
3762:
3741:
3720:
3699:
3678:
3657:
3636:
3615:
3594:
3573:
3552:
3531:
3510:
3489:
3468:
3447:
3426:
3405:
3384:
3363:
3342:
3321:
3300:
3279:
3259:
3248:
3227:
3206:
3185:
3164:
3143:
3122:
3101:
3080:
3059:
3038:
3017:
2996:
2975:
2954:
2933:
2912:
2891:
2870:
2849:
2828:
2807:
2786:
2765:
2744:
2723:
2702:
2681:
2660:
2481:
2406:
2301:In 2022, the television program
1795:
649:Perverting the course of justice
49:
9438:Intellectual property violation
9011:History of the legal profession
7767:Saradha Group financial scandal
6549:Federal Bureau of Investigation
6359:
6329:
6273:
6222:
6195:
6170:
6140:
6114:
6088:
6054:
6035:
6025:, 2 S.C.R. 1175. Full text of
6016:
5979:
5953:
5927:
5903:
5891:from the original on 9 May 2023
5870:
5815:
5785:
5755:
5725:
5691:
5660:
5634:
5610:
5584:
5554:
5523:
5511:from the original on 5 May 2022
5436:
5405:
5350:
5301:
4791:Federal Bureau of Investigation
1945:
1547:Ex turpi causa non oritur actio
544:Intellectual property violation
6545:"Common Scams and Crimes" list
6096:"Financial Crimes Report 2006"
6044:, 1 S.C.R. 963. Full text of
5877:Dathan, Matt (10 April 2023).
5706:. Fraud Advisory Panel. 2016.
5505:The National People's Congress
5288:
5265:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121282
5239:
5213:
5183:
5146:
5115:
5089:
5063:
5037:
2599:President of the United States
2508:
2295:central government departments
2280:Office for National Statistics
2273:Office for National Statistics
2195:Supreme People's Procuratorate
2186:
2162:
1882:
13:
1:
7121:1992 Indian stock market scam
6530:The dictionary definition of
5700:The Fraud Review Ten Years On
5030:
5005:, concealing financial losses
2621:
2537:preponderance of the evidence
1902:clear and convincing evidence
1657:(term used for torts in some
7396:Strip search phone call scam
7211:Extraterrestrial real estate
5935:"Criminal Code, Section 380"
5014:United States Secret Service
4859:Guinness share-trading fraud
2210:. It is supplemented by the
2138:
2078:
1891:
879:Ignorantia juris non excusat
7:
7271:Intellectual property scams
7261:Indian coal allocation scam
7070:Scams and confidence tricks
6313:. Seclaw.com. 7 July 2007.
5963:. Laws-lois.justice.gc.ca.
5937:. Laws-lois.justice.gc.ca.
5368:, accessed 6 November 2022.
5296:American Criminal Law. Rev.
4721:
2394:
2153:In China, according to the
1553:Joint and several liability
10:
9957:
9463:Possessing stolen property
8678:International legal theory
8157:International slavery laws
8152:International human rights
8147:International criminal law
7757:Pyramid schemes in Albania
7717:Investors Overseas Service
7649:Website reputation ratings
6472:Review Fraud – Alex Copola
5246:Richet, Jean-Loup (2022).
4693:List of notable fraudsters
4690:
4442:St. Vincent and Grenadines
2625:
2485:
2358:
2082:
1327:Comparative responsibility
569:Possessing stolen property
217:Offense against the person
36:
29:
9877:
9842:
9742:
9709:
9658:
9612:
9506:
9368:
9202:
9174:
9130:
9117:
9026:
9003:
8893:
8731:Administration of justice
8716:
8625:
8516:
8395:
8297:
8018:
7886:
7795:
7787:Welsh Thrasher faith scam
7732:Madoff investment scandal
7657:
7459:
7226:Foreclosure rescue scheme
7111:
7075:
7014:
6907:
6871:
6774:
6748:
6601:
5045:"Legal Dictionary: fraud"
2411:
2221:
1642:Non-economic damages caps
863:Diminished responsibility
657:Crimes against the public
9562:(such as prohibition of
8508:Basic structure doctrine
8358:Natural and legal rights
8239:Public international law
7782:Stanford Financial Group
7587:Russian Business Network
7376:Slavery reparations scam
6204:"The CPA Journal Online"
4885:Internal Revenue Service
4631:United States of America
2472:confidential information
2382:National Fraud Authority
2327:has been covered by the
2201:
2148:
2055:that promises the later
1888:incarceration, or both.
1675:Private attorney general
1629:Other topics in tort law
1257:Principles of negligence
1186:Alienation of affections
792:Crimes against the state
712:(such as prohibition of
8688:Principle of typicality
8162:International trade law
7878:
7752:Petters Group Worldwide
6046:Supreme Court of Canada
6027:Supreme Court of Canada
5865:Tackling Internal Fraud
5364:6 November 2022 at the
4822:Fraud in parapsychology
2575:Anti-fraud provisioning
2468:Supreme Court of Canada
2271:Also in July 2016, the
2212:Criminal Procedure Code
2187:关于办理诈骗刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释
2143:
2125:
1540:Volenti non fit injuria
1365:Ultrahazardous activity
1332:Contributory negligence
476:Crimes against property
166:(also called violation)
9680:Miscarriage of justice
7446:White van speaker scam
7411:Technical support scam
7386:SSA impersonation scam
7341:Redemption/A4V schemes
7266:IRS impersonation scam
7231:Foreign exchange fraud
5482:. 2010. Archived from
5071:"Basic Legal Concepts"
4706:Obstruction of justice
2941:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2649:Reported annual frauds
2571:or exemplary damages.
2445:
2416:Section 380(1) of the
2191:Supreme People's Court
2094:
1980:
1940:equitable jurisdiction
1849:
1558:Market share liability
1491:Shopkeeper's privilege
1469:Statute of limitations
1312:Restitutio ad integrum
1161:Intrusion on seclusion
1056:Trespass to the person
928:Other common-law areas
761:Crimes against animals
629:Miscarriage of justice
611:Crimes against justice
32:Fraud (disambiguation)
9675:Malfeasance in office
9120:Note: Crimes vary by
8683:Principle of legality
8442:Delegated legislation
8142:Intellectual property
7246:Get-rich-quick scheme
7236:Fortune telling fraud
6658:Intellectual property
5921:The National Archives
5356:Barclays Corporate, "
4983:Scientific misconduct
4807:Fortune telling fraud
4691:Further information:
4232:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2626:Further information:
2603:Franklin D. Roosevelt
2474:, in the nature of a
2422:
2319:Since 2007, fraud in
2285:National Audit Office
2266:City of London Police
2234:In January 2018, the
2092:
2083:Further information:
2051:in accordance with a
1974:
1843:
1670:Conflict of tort laws
1436:Tortious interference
1191:Criminal conversation
1178:Malicious prosecution
834:Defenses to liability
624:Malfeasance in office
9768:Cybersex trafficking
9530:Censorship violation
8901:Barristers' chambers
8843:Legal representation
8781:Justice of the peace
8127:Financial regulation
7722:Kapa investment scam
7542:Internet vigilantism
7532:Email authentication
7507:Cryptocurrency scams
7401:Swampland in Florida
6287:. 21 February 2003.
6235:Michigan Law Journal
5630:on 10 December 2022.
5594:. BBC. 25 May 2016.
5414:"Forensic Analytics"
5327:10.1038/ejcn.2014.17
4998:Swampland in Florida
4947:Political corruption
4942:Police impersonation
4610:United Arab Emirates
2371:Serious Fraud Office
2355:Serious Fraud Office
2331:. The Act was given
2254:Fraud Advisory Panel
2120:time-series analysis
2103:predictive analytics
1932:specific performance
1168:Breach of confidence
680:Censorship violation
403:Cybersex trafficking
30:For other uses, see
9560:Illegal consumption
9234:Criminal negligence
8936:Election commission
8648:Expressive function
8177:Landlord–tenant law
8076:Consumer protection
7826:Film and television
7547:Lenny anti-scam bot
7451:Work-at-home scheme
7416:Telemarketing fraud
7276:Kansas City Shuffle
7201:Embarrassing cheque
6424:Edward J. Balleisen
5648:on 13 November 2017
5562:"Indian Penal Code"
5501:"中华人民共和国刑法 – 中国人大网"
5381:McGregor, Michael.
4906:Mail and wire fraud
4870:Identity management
4817:Fraud in the factum
4761:Creative accounting
4547:Trinidad and Tobago
2710:Antigua and Barbuda
2293:issued guidance to
2216:Indian Evidence Act
1977:work-at-home scheme
1663:mixed legal systems
1533:Respondeat superior
1527:Vicarious liability
1486:Defence of property
1423:Insurance bad faith
1337:Attractive nuisance
1156:Invasion of privacy
858:Defense of property
710:Illegal consumption
246:Criminal negligence
146:Severity of offense
9763:Child sexual abuse
9728:Wildlife smuggling
9718:Cruelty to animals
9507:Against the public
9338:Negligent homicide
9249:False imprisonment
9204:Against the person
8894:Legal institutions
8761:Lawsuit/Litigation
8751:Dispute resolution
8556:Catholic canon law
8264:State of emergency
8227:Will and testament
7951:Law of obligations
7904:Constitutional law
7894:Administrative law
7777:Scott W. Rothstein
7672:Aman Futures Group
7191:Coin rolling scams
7186:Coin-matching game
7006:White-collar crime
6872:Government-related
6454:(2006). ASP Press.
5916:legislation.gov.uk
5418:Analytics Magazine
5258:(121282): 121282.
5195:www.lexisnexis.com
5019:White-collar crime
4952:Push payment fraud
3193:Dominican Republic
2605:, established the
2558:proximately caused
2341:summary conviction
2095:
1981:
1928:breach of contract
1850:
1563:Transferred intent
1454:Assumption of risk
1418:Restraint of trade
1394:Rylands v Fletcher
1226:Employment-related
1075:False imprisonment
779:Wildlife smuggling
769:Cruelty to animals
398:Child sexual abuse
350:Negligent homicide
261:False imprisonment
158:Indictable offense
102:Scope of criminal
9903:
9902:
9886:Wikimedia Commons
9844:Inchoate offenses
9788:Indecent exposure
9279:Human trafficking
9244:Domestic violence
9076:
9075:
8736:Constitutionalism
8658:Law and economics
8496:Act of parliament
8234:Product liability
8187:Legal archaeology
8112:Environmental law
8106:Entertainment law
7946:International law
7846:
7845:
7808:Confidence tricks
7527:Domain name scams
7426:Thai zig zag scam
7291:Miracle cars scam
7114:confidence tricks
7112:Notable scams and
7037:
7036:
6775:Financial-related
6497:978-1-903582-82-4
6474:Podgor, Ellen S.
6457:Green, Stuart P.
6023:R. v. Olan et al.
6004:on 13 August 2012
5424:on 19 August 2014
4684:
4683:
2321:England and Wales
2304:Scam Interceptors
2208:Indian Penal Code
2043:Commodities fraud
1838:
1837:
1711:England and Wales
1666:
1517:Last clear chance
1512:Intentional torts
1496:Neutral reportage
1479:Defense of others
1427:
1360:Product liability
1306:Res ipsa loquitur
1293:Reasonable person
1201:Breach of promise
1050:
1023:
1022:
423:Indecent exposure
291:Human trafficking
256:Domestic violence
184:Inchoate offenses
16:(Redirected from
9948:
9941:Financial crimes
9550:Ethnic cleansing
9488:Trespass to land
9385:Arms trafficking
9195:
9190:
9189:
9180:
9103:
9096:
9089:
9080:
9079:
9051:
9050:
9049:
9037:
9036:
8860:Question of fact
8741:Criminal justice
8071:Construction law
8066:Conflict of laws
8031:Agricultural law
7873:
7866:
7859:
7850:
7849:
7677:Bernard Cornfeld
7639:Stock Generation
7567:Referer spoofing
7431:Three-card monte
7421:Thai tailor scam
7381:Spanish Prisoner
7311:Overpayment scam
7251:Green goods scam
7151:Black money scam
7136:Art student scam
7131:Advance-fee scam
7126:2G spectrum case
7064:
7057:
7050:
7041:
7040:
7027:
7026:
6602:Business-related
6587:
6580:
6573:
6564:
6563:
6529:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6406:
6396:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6363:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6352:
6333:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6322:
6307:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6296:
6277:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6266:
6226:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6215:
6199:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6188:
6174:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6163:
6144:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6133:
6118:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6092:
6086:
6085:
6079:
6077:
6058:
6052:
6039:
6033:
6020:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6009:
6003:
5997:. Archived from
5992:
5983:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5972:
5957:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5931:
5925:
5924:
5907:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5874:
5868:
5858:
5852:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5838:
5819:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5799:. 21 July 2016.
5789:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5769:. 18 July 2016.
5759:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5729:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5712:
5705:
5695:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5673:Enterprise Times
5664:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5638:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5624:. Archived from
5614:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5588:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5577:
5558:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5516:
5497:
5488:
5487:
5472:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5455:
5448:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5420:. Archived from
5409:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5398:
5378:
5369:
5354:
5348:
5347:
5329:
5305:
5299:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5267:
5243:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5232:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5187:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5176:
5170:
5159:
5150:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5093:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5067:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5056:
5041:
4916:Money laundering
4911:Misappropriation
4901:Journalism fraud
4827:Fraud Squad (UK)
4812:Fraud deterrence
4797:Financial crimes
4786:False Claims Act
4756:Cramming (fraud)
4670:
4669:
4668:
4649:
4648:
4647:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4019:
4018:
4017:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3264:
3263:
3253:
3252:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2643:
2642:
2628:Crime statistics
2615:corporate abuses
2499:reasonable doubt
2325:Northern Ireland
2247:Statistics Times
2189:) issued by the
2188:
2164:
1913:punitive damages
1846:automated teller
1830:
1823:
1816:
1800:
1799:
1656:
1425:
1288:Standard of care
1173:Abuse of process
1083:
1044:
1025:
1024:
1015:
1008:
1001:
972:
843:Actual innocence
700:Ethnic cleansing
594:Trespass to land
489:Arms trafficking
53:
46:
45:
21:
9956:
9955:
9951:
9950:
9949:
9947:
9946:
9945:
9936:Property crimes
9906:
9905:
9904:
9899:
9873:
9872:
9871:
9838:
9837:
9836:
9818:Sex trafficking
9744:Sexual offenses
9738:
9737:
9736:
9710:Against animals
9705:
9704:
9703:
9654:
9653:
9652:
9608:
9607:
9606:
9502:
9501:
9500:
9420:False pretenses
9364:
9363:
9362:
9326:Preterintention
9198:
9191:
9184:
9181:
9172:
9126:
9113:
9107:
9077:
9072:
9045:
9031:
9022:
8999:
8990:Political party
8963:Legal education
8951:Law enforcement
8931:Court of equity
8889:
8865:Question of law
8818:Practice of law
8798:Judicial review
8712:
8663:Legal formalism
8643:Comparative law
8638:Contract theory
8621:
8541:Legal pluralism
8512:
8501:Act of Congress
8425:Executive order
8391:
8293:
8212:Nationality law
8137:Immigration law
8061:Competition law
8014:
7882:
7877:
7847:
7842:
7791:
7737:Make Money Fast
7707:Franchise fraud
7662:
7653:
7634:Spoofing attack
7617:Scammer Payback
7465:countermeasures
7464:
7455:
7146:Bait-and-switch
7113:
7107:
7071:
7068:
7038:
7033:
7010:
6967:honest services
6903:
6867:
6770:
6744:
6597:
6591:
6522:
6502:Zhang, Yingyu.
6420:
6418:Further reading
6415:
6414:
6404:
6402:
6398:
6397:
6390:
6380:
6378:
6371:learn.advfn.com
6365:
6364:
6360:
6350:
6348:
6335:
6334:
6330:
6320:
6318:
6311:"Blue Sky Laws"
6309:
6308:
6304:
6294:
6292:
6279:
6278:
6274:
6264:
6262:
6247:10.2307/1286082
6227:
6223:
6213:
6211:
6200:
6196:
6186:
6184:
6176:
6175:
6171:
6161:
6159:
6146:
6145:
6141:
6131:
6129:
6121:
6119:
6115:
6105:
6103:
6094:
6093:
6089:
6075:
6073:
6060:
6059:
6055:
6040:
6036:
6021:
6017:
6007:
6005:
6001:
5990:
5984:
5980:
5970:
5968:
5959:
5958:
5954:
5944:
5942:
5933:
5932:
5928:
5909:
5908:
5904:
5894:
5892:
5875:
5871:
5863:: HM Treasury,
5853:
5846:
5836:
5834:
5821:
5820:
5816:
5806:
5804:
5791:
5790:
5786:
5776:
5774:
5761:
5760:
5756:
5746:
5744:
5737:www.out-law.com
5731:
5730:
5726:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5703:
5697:
5696:
5692:
5682:
5680:
5665:
5661:
5651:
5649:
5640:
5639:
5635:
5622:Financial Times
5616:
5615:
5611:
5601:
5599:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5575:
5573:
5560:
5559:
5555:
5545:
5543:
5528:
5524:
5514:
5512:
5499:
5498:
5491:
5486:on 7 July 2011.
5474:
5473:
5469:
5459:
5457:
5453:
5446:
5442:
5441:
5437:
5427:
5425:
5410:
5406:
5396:
5394:
5379:
5372:
5366:Wayback Machine
5355:
5351:
5306:
5302:
5293:
5289:
5244:
5240:
5230:
5228:
5219:
5218:
5214:
5204:
5202:
5189:
5188:
5184:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5157:
5151:
5147:
5137:
5135:
5120:
5116:
5106:
5104:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5080:
5078:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5054:
5052:
5043:
5042:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5024:Wood laundering
4926:Organized crime
4880:Insurance fraud
4776:Electoral fraud
4729:Bait-and-switch
4724:
4695:
4689:
4687:Further reading
4666:
4664:
4645:
4643:
4624:
4622:
4603:
4601:
4582:
4580:
4561:
4559:
4540:
4538:
4519:
4517:
4498:
4496:
4477:
4475:
4456:
4454:
4435:
4433:
4414:
4412:
4393:
4391:
4372:
4370:
4351:
4349:
4330:
4328:
4309:
4307:
4288:
4286:
4267:
4265:
4246:
4244:
4225:
4223:
4204:
4202:
4183:
4181:
4162:
4160:
4141:
4139:
4120:
4118:
4099:
4097:
4078:
4076:
4057:
4055:
4036:
4034:
4015:
4013:
3994:
3992:
3973:
3971:
3952:
3950:
3931:
3929:
3910:
3908:
3889:
3887:
3868:
3866:
3847:
3845:
3826:
3824:
3805:
3803:
3784:
3782:
3763:
3761:
3742:
3740:
3721:
3719:
3700:
3698:
3679:
3677:
3658:
3656:
3637:
3635:
3616:
3614:
3595:
3593:
3574:
3572:
3553:
3551:
3532:
3530:
3511:
3509:
3490:
3488:
3469:
3467:
3448:
3446:
3427:
3425:
3406:
3404:
3385:
3383:
3364:
3362:
3343:
3341:
3322:
3320:
3301:
3299:
3280:
3278:
3258:
3247:
3228:
3226:
3207:
3205:
3186:
3184:
3165:
3163:
3144:
3142:
3123:
3121:
3102:
3100:
3081:
3079:
3060:
3058:
3039:
3037:
3018:
3016:
2997:
2995:
2976:
2974:
2955:
2953:
2934:
2932:
2913:
2911:
2892:
2890:
2871:
2869:
2850:
2848:
2829:
2827:
2808:
2806:
2787:
2785:
2766:
2764:
2745:
2743:
2724:
2722:
2703:
2701:
2682:
2680:
2661:
2659:
2650:
2630:
2624:
2577:
2554:Special damages
2511:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2414:
2409:
2397:
2391:related crime.
2367:
2359:Main articles:
2357:
2317:
2237:Financial Times
2229:
2224:
2204:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2128:
2087:
2081:
2071:; the theft of
2045:
2037:
1969:
1957:insurance fraud
1948:
1894:
1885:
1834:
1794:
1688:By jurisdiction
1388:Public nuisance
1317:Rescue doctrine
1300:Proximate cause
1212:Negligent torts
1124:Dignitary torts
1079:
1019:
960:
524:False pretenses
453:Sex trafficking
379:Sexual offenses
338:Preterintention
174:Summary offense
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Fraud detection
15:
12:
11:
5:
9954:
9944:
9943:
9938:
9933:
9928:
9923:
9918:
9901:
9900:
9898:
9893:
9888:
9883:
9878:
9875:
9874:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9849:
9848:
9846:
9840:
9839:
9835:
9830:
9828:Sexual slavery
9825:
9823:Sexual assault
9820:
9815:
9810:
9805:
9800:
9795:
9790:
9785:
9780:
9775:
9770:
9765:
9760:
9755:
9750:
9749:
9748:
9746:
9740:
9739:
9735:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9715:
9714:
9713:
9711:
9707:
9706:
9702:
9697:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9672:
9667:
9666:
9665:
9663:
9656:
9655:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9631:
9626:
9621:
9620:
9619:
9617:
9610:
9609:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9585:
9580:
9575:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9545:Hostage-taking
9542:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9511:
9510:
9508:
9504:
9503:
9499:
9490:
9485:
9480:
9475:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9455:
9450:
9445:
9440:
9435:
9430:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9376:
9375:
9373:
9366:
9365:
9361:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9345:
9340:
9335:
9334:
9333:
9323:
9322:
9321:
9311:
9306:
9296:
9291:
9286:
9281:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9210:
9209:
9208:
9206:
9200:
9199:
9197:
9196:
9175:
9173:
9171:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9134:
9132:
9128:
9127:
9118:
9115:
9114:
9106:
9105:
9098:
9091:
9083:
9074:
9073:
9071:
9070:
9063:
9056:
9042:
9039:Law portal
9027:
9024:
9023:
9021:
9020:
9019:
9018:
9007:
9005:
9001:
9000:
8998:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8971:
8970:
8960:
8959:
8958:
8948:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8897:
8895:
8891:
8890:
8888:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8875:Trial advocacy
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8856:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8789:
8788:
8783:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8722:
8720:
8714:
8713:
8711:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8629:
8627:
8623:
8622:
8620:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8598:
8597:
8587:
8586:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8559:
8558:
8543:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8522:
8520:
8514:
8513:
8511:
8510:
8505:
8504:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8483:
8482:
8481:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8455:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8434:
8433:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8412:
8407:
8405:Ballot measure
8401:
8399:
8393:
8392:
8390:
8389:
8384:
8382:Legal treatise
8379:
8378:
8377:
8372:
8362:
8361:
8360:
8350:
8348:Letters patent
8345:
8340:
8339:
8338:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8309:
8303:
8301:
8299:Sources of law
8295:
8294:
8292:
8291:
8286:
8284:Unenforced law
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8230:
8229:
8224:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8103:
8098:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8056:Commercial law
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8022:
8020:
8016:
8015:
8013:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7996:
7995:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7974:
7973:
7968:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7922:
7921:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7890:
7888:
7884:
7883:
7876:
7875:
7868:
7861:
7853:
7844:
7843:
7841:
7840:
7835:
7834:
7833:
7828:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7799:
7797:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7668:
7666:
7655:
7654:
7652:
7651:
7646:
7644:Voice phishing
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7620:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7477:Pig Butchering
7474:
7468:
7466:
7461:Internet scams
7457:
7456:
7454:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7366:Sick baby hoax
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7346:Reloading scam
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7281:Locksmith scam
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7117:
7115:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7079:
7077:
7073:
7072:
7067:
7066:
7059:
7052:
7044:
7035:
7034:
7032:
7031:
7021:
7015:
7012:
7011:
7009:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6987:
6986:
6981:
6971:
6970:
6969:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6933:
6932:
6925:Counterfeiting
6922:
6917:
6911:
6909:
6905:
6904:
6902:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6875:
6873:
6869:
6868:
6866:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6790:
6789:
6778:
6776:
6772:
6771:
6769:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6752:
6750:
6749:Family-related
6746:
6745:
6743:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6706:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6628:Pharmaceutical
6621:
6616:
6611:
6605:
6603:
6599:
6598:
6590:
6589:
6582:
6575:
6567:
6561:
6560:
6551:
6542:
6537:
6521:
6520:External links
6518:
6517:
6516:
6514:978-0231178631
6500:
6484:
6479:
6476:Criminal Fraud
6469:
6467:978-0199225804
6455:
6438:
6435:978-0691164557
6419:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6388:
6358:
6328:
6302:
6272:
6241:(3): 448–450.
6221:
6194:
6182:Google Scholar
6169:
6139:
6127:Google Scholar
6113:
6087:
6053:
6034:
6015:
5978:
5952:
5926:
5902:
5869:
5844:
5814:
5784:
5754:
5724:
5690:
5659:
5644:Archived from
5633:
5609:
5583:
5553:
5522:
5489:
5467:
5456:on 5 July 2020
5435:
5404:
5370:
5349:
5320:(4): 411–415.
5300:
5287:
5238:
5212:
5182:
5145:
5114:
5088:
5062:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5003:Tobashi scheme
5000:
4995:
4990:
4988:Secret profits
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4891:Internet fraud
4888:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4843:Geneivat da'at
4839:
4834:
4832:Friendly fraud
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4746:Contract fraud
4743:
4731:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4711:18 U.S.C.
4708:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4661:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4528:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4381:
4367:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4339:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4255:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4178:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4003:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3632:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3130:Czech Republic
3118:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3006:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2632:Rate of fraud
2623:
2620:
2576:
2573:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2510:
2507:
2494:
2493:Criminal fraud
2491:
2483:
2480:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2434:(b) is guilty
2432:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2396:
2393:
2356:
2353:
2349:Theft Act 1978
2339:six months on
2329:Fraud Act 2006
2316:
2313:
2228:
2227:United Kingdom
2225:
2223:
2220:
2203:
2200:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2159:Crime of Fraud
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2127:
2124:
2080:
2077:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2035:Internal fraud
2033:
2009:Internet fraud
2005:computer crime
1968:
1967:Types of fraud
1965:
1947:
1944:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1877:mortgage fraud
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1802:Law portal
1789:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1750:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1716:European Union
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1651:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1524:
1522:Eggshell skull
1519:
1514:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1426:(American law)
1420:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1404:Economic torts
1400:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1322:Duty to rescue
1319:
1314:
1309:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1092:
1091:
1090:Property torts
1087:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1003:
995:
992:
991:
990:
989:
981:
980:
976:
975:
974:
973:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
930:
929:
925:
924:
923:
922:
917:
912:
907:
897:
892:
887:
882:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
837:
836:
830:
829:
828:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
794:
793:
789:
788:
787:
786:
781:
776:
771:
763:
762:
758:
757:
756:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
707:
702:
697:
695:Hostage-taking
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
659:
658:
654:
653:
652:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
613:
612:
608:
607:
606:
605:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
478:
477:
473:
472:
471:
470:
465:
463:Sexual slavery
460:
458:Sexual assault
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
382:
381:
375:
374:
373:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
346:
345:
335:
334:
333:
323:
318:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
220:
219:
213:
212:
211:
210:
205:
200:
195:
187:
186:
180:
179:
178:
177:
167:
161:
148:
147:
143:
142:
141:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
107:
106:
99:
98:
97:
96:
91:
86:
79:
69:
68:
62:
61:
55:
54:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9953:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9922:
9919:
9917:
9914:
9913:
9911:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9889:
9887:
9884:
9882:
9879:
9876:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9847:
9845:
9841:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9778:Homosexuality
9776:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9747:
9745:
9741:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9712:
9708:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9664:
9662:
9657:
9650:
9647:
9645:
9642:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9618:
9616:
9611:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9578:Miscegenation
9576:
9573:
9569:
9565:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9509:
9505:
9498:
9494:
9491:
9489:
9486:
9484:
9481:
9479:
9476:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9466:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9458:Pickpocketing
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9374:
9372:
9367:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9332:
9329:
9328:
9327:
9324:
9320:
9317:
9316:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9304:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9264:Home invasion
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9214:Assassination
9212:
9211:
9207:
9205:
9201:
9194:
9188:
9183:
9179:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9135:
9133:
9129:
9125:
9123:
9116:
9112:
9104:
9099:
9097:
9092:
9090:
9085:
9084:
9081:
9069:
9068:
9064:
9062:
9061:
9057:
9055:
9054:
9043:
9041:
9040:
9035:
9029:
9028:
9025:
9017:
9014:
9013:
9012:
9009:
9008:
9006:
9002:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8969:
8966:
8965:
8964:
8961:
8957:
8954:
8953:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8921:Civil society
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8898:
8896:
8892:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8880:Trier of fact
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8820:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8778:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8766:Legal opinion
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8746:Court-martial
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8723:
8721:
8719:
8718:Jurisprudence
8715:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8630:
8628:
8624:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8607:Statutory law
8605:
8603:
8602:Socialist law
8600:
8596:
8595:Byzantine law
8593:
8592:
8591:
8588:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8557:
8554:
8553:
8552:
8549:
8548:
8547:
8546:Religious law
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8523:
8521:
8519:
8518:Legal systems
8515:
8509:
8506:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8488:
8487:
8486:Statutory law
8484:
8480:
8477:
8476:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8439:
8438:
8435:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8417:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8402:
8400:
8398:
8394:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8367:
8366:
8363:
8359:
8356:
8355:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8337:
8334:
8333:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8316:Statutory law
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8304:
8302:
8300:
8296:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8274:Transport law
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8219:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8192:Legal fiction
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8122:Financial law
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8081:Corporate law
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8023:
8021:
8017:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8005:Statutory law
8003:
8001:
7998:
7994:
7991:
7990:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7963:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7920:
7917:
7916:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7891:
7889:
7887:Core subjects
7885:
7881:
7874:
7869:
7867:
7862:
7860:
7855:
7854:
7851:
7839:
7838:Ponzi schemes
7836:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7823:
7822:In the media
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7794:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7772:Secret Sister
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7742:Matrix scheme
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7669:
7667:
7665:
7664:Ponzi schemes
7660:
7656:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7599:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7572:Ripoff Report
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7462:
7458:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7371:SIM swap scam
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7336:Pump and dump
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7321:Pig in a poke
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7176:Charity fraud
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7156:Blessing scam
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7110:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7088:Error account
7086:
7084:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7074:
7065:
7060:
7058:
7053:
7051:
7046:
7045:
7042:
7030:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7013:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6976:
6975:
6972:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6963:
6962:Mail and wire
6960:
6958:
6957:Impersonation
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6947:Fraud factory
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6931:
6928:
6927:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6912:
6910:
6906:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6870:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6858:Shill bidding
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6788:
6785:
6784:
6783:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6773:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6753:
6751:
6747:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6730:Telemarketing
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6698:Ghost network
6696:
6694:
6691:
6690:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6653:Impersonation
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6588:
6583:
6581:
6576:
6574:
6569:
6568:
6565:
6559:
6555:
6554:Fraud Section
6552:
6550:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:at Wiktionary
6535:
6534:
6528:
6524:
6523:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6506:
6501:
6498:
6494:
6490:
6489:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6477:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6464:
6460:
6456:
6453:
6452:1-878109-36-7
6449:
6445:
6442:
6439:
6436:
6432:
6428:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6401:
6395:
6393:
6376:
6372:
6368:
6362:
6346:
6342:
6338:
6332:
6316:
6312:
6306:
6290:
6286:
6282:
6276:
6260:
6256:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6225:
6209:
6205:
6198:
6183:
6179:
6173:
6157:
6153:
6149:
6143:
6128:
6124:
6117:
6101:
6097:
6091:
6084:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6057:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6042:R. v. Stewart
6038:
6032:
6028:
6024:
6019:
6000:
5996:
5989:
5982:
5966:
5962:
5956:
5940:
5936:
5930:
5922:
5918:
5917:
5912:
5906:
5890:
5886:
5885:
5880:
5873:
5866:
5862:
5857:
5851:
5849:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5818:
5802:
5798:
5794:
5788:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5758:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5728:
5709:
5702:
5701:
5694:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5663:
5647:
5643:
5637:
5628:
5623:
5619:
5613:
5597:
5593:
5587:
5571:
5567:
5566:Indian Kanoon
5563:
5557:
5541:
5537:
5533:
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4994:
4993:Shell company
4991:
4989:
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4849:Ghost network
4847:
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4837:Front running
4835:
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4766:Crimestoppers
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
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4752:
4749:
4747:
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4735:
4734:Caper stories
4732:
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4709:
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3728:Liechtenstein
3718:
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3217:
3215:
3204:
3203:
3199:
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3162:
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3141:
3140:
3136:
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3120:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3099:
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3015:
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3005:
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2629:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2584:Blue Sky Laws
2580:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2523:material fact
2520:
2519:misrepresents
2516:
2515:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2500:
2489:
2482:United States
2479:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2421:
2419:
2418:Criminal Code
2407:North America
2404:
2402:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2346:
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2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
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2305:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2232:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2156:
2136:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2111:Benford's Law
2106:
2104:
2100:
2091:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2032:
2030:
2025:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1978:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1889:
1880:
1878:
1874:
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1866:
1863:
1859:
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1826:
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1809:
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1798:
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1790:
1785:
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1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1747:
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1742:
1737:
1736:United States
1734:
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1729:
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1724:
1722:
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1709:
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1502:
1497:
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1424:
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1411:
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1409:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1386:
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1384:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1368:
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1355:
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1323:
1320:
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1307:
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1301:
1298:
1294:
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1289:
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1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:Sexual torts
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1133:Appropriation
1131:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1004:
1002:
997:
996:
994:
993:
988:
985:
984:
983:
982:
978:
977:
971:
967:
963:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
932:
931:
927:
926:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
905:
901:
898:
896:
895:Justification
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
880:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
839:
838:
835:
832:
831:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
797:
796:
795:
791:
790:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
766:
765:
764:
760:
759:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
728:Miscegenation
726:
723:
719:
715:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
661:
660:
656:
655:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
615:
614:
610:
609:
604:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
564:Pickpocketing
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
481:
480:
479:
475:
474:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
413:Homosexuality
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
385:
384:
383:
380:
377:
376:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
344:
341:
340:
339:
336:
332:
329:
328:
327:
324:
322:
319:
316:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
276:Home invasion
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
226:Assassination
224:
223:
222:
221:
218:
215:
214:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
190:
189:
188:
185:
182:
181:
175:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
155:
152:
151:
150:
149:
145:
144:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
110:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
84:
80:
78:
77:
73:
72:
71:
70:
67:
64:
63:
60:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
9868:Solicitation
9803:Prostitution
9793:Masturbation
9624:Lèse-majesté
9613:Against the
9410:Embezzlement
9299:Manslaughter
9284:Intimidation
9122:jurisdiction
9119:
9065:
9058:
9044:
9030:
8803:Jurisdiction
8771:Legal remedy
8726:Adjudication
8626:Legal theory
8464:Ratification
8459:Promulgation
8430:Proclamation
8410:Codification
8343:Human rights
8331:Divine right
8321:Constitution
8289:Women in law
8207:Military law
8202:Marriage law
8197:Maritime law
8096:Election law
8036:Aviation law
8026:Abortion law
7978:Property law
7914:Criminal law
7762:Reed Slatkin
7727:Kubus scheme
7607:Jim Browning
7602:419eater.com
7597:Scam baiting
7582:Romance scam
7552:Lottery scam
7497:Clickjacking
7441:Wash trading
7436:Trojan horse
7351:Return fraud
7301:Mock auction
7196:Drop swindle
7161:Bogus escrow
6787:lottery scam
6720:Tech support
6710:Racketeering
6594:
6532:
6503:
6487:
6475:
6458:
6443:
6426:
6403:. Retrieved
6379:. Retrieved
6370:
6361:
6349:. Retrieved
6340:
6331:
6319:. Retrieved
6305:
6293:. Retrieved
6284:
6275:
6263:. Retrieved
6238:
6234:
6224:
6212:. Retrieved
6197:
6185:. Retrieved
6181:
6172:
6160:. Retrieved
6151:
6142:
6130:. Retrieved
6126:
6116:
6104:. Retrieved
6090:
6081:
6074:. Retrieved
6065:
6056:
6048:decision at
6041:
6037:
6029:decision at
6022:
6018:
6006:. Retrieved
5999:the original
5981:
5969:. Retrieved
5955:
5943:. Retrieved
5929:
5914:
5905:
5893:. Retrieved
5882:
5872:
5835:. Retrieved
5827:The Guardian
5826:
5817:
5807:18 September
5805:. Retrieved
5796:
5787:
5777:18 September
5775:. Retrieved
5766:
5757:
5747:18 September
5745:. Retrieved
5736:
5727:
5715:. Retrieved
5699:
5693:
5681:. Retrieved
5672:
5662:
5650:. Retrieved
5646:the original
5636:
5627:the original
5621:
5612:
5600:. Retrieved
5586:
5574:. Retrieved
5565:
5556:
5546:23 September
5544:. Retrieved
5535:
5525:
5515:23 September
5513:. Retrieved
5504:
5484:the original
5470:
5458:. Retrieved
5451:the original
5438:
5426:. Retrieved
5422:the original
5417:
5407:
5395:. Retrieved
5386:
5352:
5317:
5313:
5303:
5295:
5290:
5255:
5251:
5241:
5229:. Retrieved
5215:
5203:. Retrieved
5194:
5185:
5173:. Retrieved
5161:
5148:
5136:. Retrieved
5127:
5117:
5105:. Retrieved
5091:
5079:. Retrieved
5065:
5053:. Retrieved
5039:
4962:Quatloos.com
4875:Impersonator
4841:
4781:Embezzlement
4737:
4696:
4673:Vatican City
2631:
2613:and prevent
2611:stock market
2596:
2581:
2578:
2566:
2552:
2541:
2534:
2512:
2503:
2496:
2476:trade secret
2465:
2450:
2446:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2398:
2386:
2379:
2368:
2337:
2333:royal assent
2318:
2309:call centres
2302:
2300:
2289:
2277:
2270:
2262:
2258:Action Fraud
2251:
2246:
2243:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2205:
2184:
2181:confiscated.
2167:
2158:
2152:
2129:
2107:
2101:paired with
2096:
2073:client funds
2065:transactions
2046:
2038:
2026:
2013:
1982:
1949:
1946:Criminal law
1924:civil action
1917:
1906:
1895:
1886:
1873:criminal law
1857:
1851:
1761:Criminal law
1680:Class action
1545:
1538:
1531:
1474:Self-defense
1430:
1392:
1370:Deep pockets
1304:
1266:Duty of care
1028:Part of the
920:Self-defense
877:
800:Lèse-majesté
533:
514:Embezzlement
438:Prostitution
428:Masturbation
311:Manslaughter
296:Intimidation
208:Solicitation
81:
74:
59:Criminal law
43:
39:Phony (song)
9773:Fornication
9690:Obstruction
9670:Compounding
9478:Tax evasion
9229:Child abuse
9143:Misdemeanor
8975:Legislature
8906:Bureaucracy
8703:Rule of man
8698:Rule of law
8673:Libertarian
8536:Chinese law
8437:Legislation
8387:Regulations
8375:Law reports
8353:Natural law
8249:Reparations
8244:Refugee law
8167:Jurimetrics
8108:(Media law)
8046:Banking law
8041:Amnesty law
8019:Disciplines
7956:Private law
7803:Con artists
7687:Dona Branca
7629:Spoofed URL
7537:Email fraud
7517:CyberThrill
7492:Click fraud
7406:Tarmac scam
7331:Pork barrel
7326:Pigeon drop
7316:Patent safe
7306:Moving scam
7216:Fiddle game
7166:Boiler room
7141:Badger game
7103:Sucker list
7076:Terminology
6937:Faked death
6930:Superdollar
6908:Other types
6848:Overpayment
6814:Credit card
6782:Advance-fee
6688:Health care
6214:6 September
6132:6 September
6120:See, e.g.,
6106:6 September
5986:Tony Wong.
5837:6 September
5683:13 November
5652:13 November
5602:6 September
5397:17 December
5231:27 December
5107:27 December
5081:18 December
5047:. Law.com.
4484:Switzerland
4253:Saint Lucia
4169:Puerto Rico
3980:New Zealand
3959:Netherlands
3235:El Salvador
2651:per 100,000
2592:stockbroker
2562:specificity
2509:Civil fraud
2291:HM Treasury
2116:correlation
2059:of equated
1883:Terminology
1862:intentional
1637:Tort reform
1271:Trespassers
1236:Malpractice
1231:Entrustment
1151:False light
915:Provocation
639:Obstruction
619:Compounding
584:Tax evasion
408:Fornication
241:Child abuse
170:Misdemeanor
94:Concurrence
9910:Categories
9881:WikiSource
9863:Incitement
9858:Conspiracy
9733:Bestiality
9685:Misprision
9649:Subversion
9603:War crimes
9598:Usurpation
9525:Corruption
9405:Cybercrime
9289:Kidnapping
9269:Hate crime
9259:Harassment
9239:Defamation
9193:Law portal
9168:Corruption
9158:Indictable
9138:Infraction
8968:Law school
8848:Prosecutor
8786:Magistrate
8573:Jewish law
8531:Common law
8452:Rulemaking
8447:Regulation
8397:Law making
8336:Divine law
8312:Legal code
8259:Sports law
8182:Law of war
8132:Health law
8117:Family law
8101:Energy law
8051:Bankruptcy
7988:Punishment
7983:Public law
7831:Literature
7692:Earl Jones
7624:ShadowCrew
7577:Rock Phish
7522:DarkMarket
7512:Cybercrime
7487:Catfishing
7361:Shell game
7296:Mismarking
7221:Fine print
7181:Clip joint
7171:Bride scam
6991:Scientific
6853:Securities
6838:Mismarking
6804:Chargeback
6799:Bankruptcy
6638:Employment
6619:Disability
6441:Fred Cohen
6381:8 November
6351:8 November
6321:5 December
5971:5 December
5945:5 December
5478:(Report).
5428:8 November
5387:Britannica
5055:27 January
5031:References
4751:Corruption
4715:§ 704
4699:deceptions
3896:Montenegro
3770:Luxembourg
3665:Kyrgyzstan
3067:Costa Rica
2794:Azerbaijan
2634:per capita
2622:Statistics
2588:securities
2486:See also:
2345:indictment
1999:, and the
1953:bank fraud
1909:rescission
1746:common law
1649:Quasi-tort
1601:Injunction
1594:Incidental
1413:Conspiracy
1138:Defamation
1115:Conversion
1030:common law
873:Entrapment
848:Automatism
825:Subversion
784:Bestiality
753:War crimes
748:Usurpation
675:Corruption
634:Misprision
509:Cybercrime
301:Kidnapping
281:Hate crime
271:Harassment
251:Defamation
203:Incitement
198:Conspiracy
164:Infraction
123:Complicity
118:Accomplice
76:Actus reus
9926:Deception
9891:Wikiquote
9833:Voyeurism
9813:Pederasty
9798:Obscenity
9639:Secession
9634:Espionage
9593:Terrorism
9555:Smuggling
9493:Vandalism
9473:Smuggling
9415:Extortion
9390:Blackmail
9303:corporate
9109:Types of
8946:Judiciary
8941:Executive
8916:The bench
8853:Solicitor
8828:Barrister
8708:Sociology
8693:Pseudolaw
8633:Anarchist
8590:Roman law
8578:Parsi law
8563:Hindu law
8551:Canon law
8526:Civil law
8479:Concordat
8370:Precedent
8279:Trust law
8254:Space law
8091:Drugs law
7961:Procedure
7899:Civil law
7818:Impostors
7472:Avalanche
7286:Long firm
7206:Exit scam
6884:Electoral
6828:Insurance
6766:Paternity
6756:Fertility
6693:fertility
6673:Long firm
6593:Types of
6547:from the
6405:17 August
6295:28 August
6265:2 January
5884:The Times
5336:1476-5640
5282:239962449
5274:0040-1625
4771:Deception
4739:The Sting
4736:(such as
4421:Sri Lanka
4337:Singapore
4043:Palestine
3749:Lithuania
3497:Indonesia
3413:Guatemala
2752:Australia
2517:Somebody
2401:Scots law
2311:in Asia.
2139:By region
2079:Detection
1892:Civil law
1869:civil law
1865:deception
1756:Contracts
1696:Australia
1504:Liability
1464:Necessity
1352:liability
1276:Licensees
1196:Seduction
936:Contracts
910:Necessity
815:Secession
810:Espionage
743:Terrorism
705:Smuggling
599:Vandalism
579:Smuggling
519:Extortion
494:Blackmail
468:Voyeurism
448:Pederasty
433:Obscenity
315:corporate
138:Vicarious
133:Principal
128:Corporate
113:Accessory
104:liability
89:Causation
9931:Tort law
9896:Wikinews
9753:Adultery
9723:Poaching
9659:Against
9644:Sedition
9588:Regicide
9540:Genocide
9515:Apostasy
9497:Mischief
9433:Gambling
9400:Burglary
9371:property
9369:Against
9353:Stabbing
9348:Stalking
9331:Homicide
9294:Menacing
9274:Homicide
9053:Category
8995:Tribunal
8980:Military
8823:Attorney
8793:Judgment
8653:Feminist
8568:Jain law
8365:Case law
8086:Cyberlaw
7993:Corporal
7971:Criminal
7941:Evidence
7931:Doctrine
7909:Contract
7592:SaferNet
7562:Phishing
7502:Cramming
7391:SSC Scam
7256:Hustling
7241:Gem scam
7029:Category
6915:Affinity
6889:Medicare
6843:Mortgage
6761:Marriage
6725:Slamming
6703:quackery
6678:Odometer
6663:Internet
6614:Cramming
6375:Archived
6345:Archived
6315:Archived
6289:Archived
6259:Archived
6208:Archived
6156:Archived
6154:. West.
6100:Archived
6076:9 August
6070:Archived
6008:22 April
5965:Archived
5939:Archived
5889:Archived
5831:Archived
5801:Archived
5797:BBC News
5771:Archived
5767:BBC News
5741:Archived
5708:Archived
5677:Archived
5596:Archived
5570:Archived
5540:Archived
5509:Archived
5391:Archived
5362:Archived
5344:24690631
5225:Archived
5199:Archived
5166:Archived
5162:Stradley
5132:Archived
5128:DealBook
5101:Archived
5075:Archived
5049:Archived
4957:Quackery
4931:Phishing
4896:Interpol
4722:See also
4526:Thailand
4379:Slovenia
4358:Slovakia
4274:Scotland
4148:Portugal
4085:Paraguay
3875:Mongolia
3172:Dominica
3046:Colombia
2983:Bulgaria
2962:Botswana
2836:Barbados
2569:punitive
2395:Scotland
2193:and the
2057:exchange
2053:contract
2049:currency
2001:Internet
1936:contract
1771:Property
1766:Evidence
1616:Replevin
1584:Punitive
1571:Remedies
1445:Defences
1379:Nuisance
1350:absolute
1281:Invitees
1108:chattels
1098:Trespass
1038:Tort law
951:Property
946:Evidence
941:Defenses
890:Insanity
820:Sedition
774:Poaching
738:Regicide
690:Genocide
665:Apostasy
603:Mischief
539:Gambling
504:Burglary
388:Adultery
365:Stabbing
360:Stalking
343:Homicide
306:Menacing
286:Homicide
83:Mens rea
66:Elements
9853:Attempt
9695:Perjury
9661:justice
9629:Treason
9572:smoking
9568:alcohol
9535:Dueling
9520:Begging
9468:Robbery
9448:Looting
9443:Larceny
9425:Forgery
9395:Bribery
9358:Torture
9343:Robbery
9301: (
9254:Frameup
9224:Battery
9219:Assault
9153:Summary
9131:Classes
9067:Outline
9004:History
8911:The bar
8885:Verdict
8833:Counsel
8813:Justice
8668:History
8491:Statute
8307:Charter
8269:Tax law
8217:Probate
7682:Caritas
7659:Pyramid
7612:Kitboga
7482:Carding
7356:Salting
7098:Shyster
6996:Spyware
6979:Romance
6942:Forgery
6920:Charity
6899:Welfare
6879:Benefit
6833:Lottery
6818:carding
6609:Billing
6556:of the
6341:gwu.edu
6285:sec.gov
6255:1286082
6083:prison.
5717:14 July
5576:2 March
4937:Placebo
4802:Forgery
4652:Uruguay
4589:Ukraine
4295:Senegal
4190:Romania
3938:Myanmar
3917:Morocco
3707:Lebanon
3518:Ireland
3476:Iceland
3455:Hungary
3392:Grenada
3350:Germany
3308:Finland
3287:Estonia
3255:England
3214:Ecuador
3151:Denmark
3088:Croatia
2920:Bolivia
2899:Bermuda
2857:Belgium
2815:Bahamas
2773:Austria
2731:Armenia
2689:Algeria
2668:Albania
2646:Country
2022:science
1985:forgery
1961:forgery
1920:defense
1844:A fake
1784:estates
1611:Detinue
1606:Tracing
1589:Special
1579:Damages
1459:Consent
1246:medical
1142:Slander
1070:Battery
1065:Assault
1047:Outline
979:Portals
970:estates
902: (
900:Mistake
885:Infancy
853:Consent
805:Treason
722:smoking
718:alcohol
685:Dueling
670:Begging
644:Perjury
574:Robbery
554:Looting
549:Larceny
529:Forgery
499:Bribery
370:Torture
355:Robbery
313: (
266:Frameup
236:Battery
231:Assault
193:Attempt
9921:Crimes
9783:Incest
9758:Bigamy
9583:Piracy
9570:, and
9453:Payola
9319:felony
9314:Murder
9309:Mayhem
9163:Hybrid
9148:Felony
8985:Police
8956:Agency
8838:Lawyer
8583:Sharia
8474:Treaty
8469:Repeal
8415:Decree
8326:Custom
8222:Estate
8172:Labour
7936:Equity
7697:Ezubao
7557:PayPai
6809:Cheque
6735:Weight
6715:Return
6648:Fixing
6512:
6495:
6465:
6450:
6433:
6253:
6187:24 May
6162:24 May
5460:5 July
5342:
5334:
5298:, 1987
5280:
5272:
5205:23 May
5175:23 May
5138:23 May
4973:SAS 99
4969:(RICO)
4713:
4671:
4650:
4629:
4608:
4587:
4568:Turkey
4566:
4545:
4524:
4503:
4482:
4467:2357.8
4463:Sweden
4461:
4440:
4419:
4398:
4377:
4356:
4335:
4316:Serbia
4314:
4293:
4272:
4251:
4230:
4211:Russia
4209:
4188:
4167:
4146:
4127:Poland
4125:
4104:
4083:
4064:Panama
4062:
4041:
4020:
4001:Norway
3999:
3978:
3957:
3936:
3915:
3894:
3873:
3858:1559.2
3854:Monaco
3852:
3833:Mexico
3831:
3810:
3789:
3768:
3747:
3726:
3705:
3686:Latvia
3684:
3663:
3644:Kosovo
3642:
3621:
3602:Jordan
3600:
3579:
3558:
3539:Israel
3537:
3516:
3495:
3474:
3453:
3434:Guyana
3432:
3411:
3390:
3371:Greece
3369:
3348:
3329:France
3327:
3306:
3285:
3270:1619.5
3233:
3212:
3191:
3170:
3149:
3128:
3109:Cyprus
3107:
3086:
3065:
3044:
3023:
3004:Canada
3002:
2981:
2960:
2939:
2918:
2897:
2878:Belize
2876:
2855:
2834:
2813:
2792:
2771:
2750:
2729:
2708:
2687:
2666:
2412:Canada
2222:Europe
2177:fined.
2173:fined.
2157:, the
2061:assets
1782:, and
1780:trusts
1744:Other
1731:Taiwan
1701:Canada
1654:Delict
1621:Trover
1346:Strict
1032:series
966:trusts
904:of law
868:Duress
733:Piracy
720:, and
559:Payola
418:Incest
393:Bigamy
331:felony
326:Murder
321:Mayhem
154:Felony
9916:Fraud
9615:state
9564:drugs
9483:Theft
9429:Fraud
9380:Arson
9111:crime
9060:Index
8926:Court
8870:Trial
8776:Judge
8617:Yassa
8420:Edict
7966:Civil
7919:Crime
7796:Lists
7093:Shill
7001:Vomit
6984:Bride
6823:Forex
6683:Phone
6633:Email
6595:fraud
6533:fraud
6251:JSTOR
6050:LexUM
6031:LexUM
6002:(PDF)
5991:(PDF)
5895:8 May
5711:(PDF)
5704:(PDF)
5454:(PDF)
5447:(PDF)
5278:S2CID
5169:(PDF)
5158:(PDF)
4887:(IRS)
4793:(FBI)
4680:2022
4659:2022
4656:576.8
4638:2022
4635:272.1
4617:2016
4596:2020
4575:2014
4572:109.7
4554:2020
4533:2022
4512:2018
4505:Syria
4491:2022
4488:294.7
4470:2022
4449:2022
4428:2018
4407:2022
4404:921.4
4400:Spain
4386:2022
4383:172.7
4365:2022
4344:2022
4341:568.2
4323:2022
4302:2016
4281:2022
4278:307.3
4260:2022
4257:309.7
4239:2022
4218:2020
4215:226.0
4197:2022
4176:2017
4155:2022
4152:434.9
4134:2022
4131:437.9
4113:2022
4092:2022
4089:122.0
4071:2022
4068:110.2
4050:2022
4029:2022
4008:2022
4005:424.1
3987:2020
3966:2016
3963:367.9
3945:2022
3924:2022
3903:2022
3882:2020
3879:129.6
3861:2016
3840:2022
3819:2022
3816:292.9
3812:Malta
3798:2022
3795:189.2
3791:Macau
3777:2022
3774:724.1
3756:2022
3753:144.3
3735:2022
3732:500.9
3714:2015
3693:2022
3690:126.1
3672:2020
3669:276.3
3651:2020
3630:2022
3623:Kenya
3609:2022
3588:2022
3581:Japan
3567:2022
3564:694.8
3560:Italy
3546:2022
3543:210.5
3525:2022
3522:204.2
3504:2018
3483:2022
3480:146.4
3462:2022
3459:209.1
3441:2022
3420:2020
3399:2022
3378:2022
3357:2022
3354:961.3
3336:2022
3333:401.5
3315:2022
3312:973.1
3294:2022
3291:197.0
3273:2021
3266:Wales
3242:2022
3239:100.5
3221:2022
3218:187.1
3200:2020
3179:2022
3158:2022
3155:972.1
3137:2022
3134:153.4
3116:2022
3095:2022
3074:2022
3071:319.8
3053:2022
3050:119.1
3032:2022
3029:374.6
3025:Chile
3011:2022
3008:464.9
2990:2022
2969:2020
2948:2022
2927:2022
2906:2016
2903:137.9
2885:2020
2864:2020
2861:808.8
2843:2022
2822:2022
2819:132.4
2801:2020
2780:2022
2777:787.8
2759:2022
2738:2018
2717:2022
2696:2022
2675:2022
2654:Year
2388:Cifas
2365:Cifas
2202:India
2149:China
2069:payee
1997:phone
1922:in a
1858:fraud
1776:Wills
1748:areas
1726:Japan
1721:India
1706:China
1659:civil
1431:Fraud
1241:legal
1145:Libel
962:Wills
956:Torts
714:drugs
589:Theft
534:Fraud
484:Arson
9808:Rape
8808:Jury
8756:Fiqh
8612:Xeer
8010:Tort
7926:Deed
7083:Scam
7019:list
6974:Scam
6952:Hoax
6894:Visa
6816:and
6794:Bank
6740:Wine
6643:Food
6624:Drug
6510:ISBN
6493:ISBN
6463:ISBN
6448:ISBN
6431:ISBN
6407:2024
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