Slavery - Knowledge

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slaves occurred during a famine following the revolt of the Nayaka Indian rulers of South India (Tanjavur, Senji, and Madurai) against Bijapur overlordship (1645) and the subsequent devastation of the Tanjavur countryside by the Bijapur army. Reportedly, more than 150,000 people were taken by the invading Deccani Muslim armies to Bijapur and Golconda. In 1646, 2,118 slaves were exported to Batavia, the overwhelming majority from southern Coromandel. Some slaves were also acquired further south at Tondi, Adirampatnam, and Kayalpatnam. Another increase in slaving took place between 1659 and 1661 from Tanjavur as a result of a series of successive Bijapuri raids. At Nagapatnam, Pulicat, and elsewhere, the company purchased 8,000–10,000 slaves, the bulk of whom were sent to Ceylon, while a small portion were exported to Batavia and Malacca. Finally, following a long drought in Madurai and southern Coromandel, in 1673, which intensified the prolonged Madurai-Maratha struggle over Tanjavur and punitive fiscal practices, thousands of people from Tanjavur, mostly children, were sold into slavery and exported by Asian traders from Nagapattinam to Aceh, Johor, and other slave markets.

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relying on peak years to calculate averages for entire centuries, or millennia. Hence, there were wide fluctuations year-to-year, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, given slave imports, and also given the fact that, prior to the 1840s, there are no consistent records. Middle East expert, John Wright, cautions that modern estimates are based on back-calculations from human observation. Such observations, across the late 16th and early 17th century observers, account for around 35,000 European Christian slaves held throughout this period on the Barbary Coast, across Tripoli, Tunis, but mostly in Algiers. The majority were sailors (particularly those who were English), taken with their ships, but others were fishermen and coastal villagers. However, most of these captives were people from lands close to Africa, particularly Spain and Italy. This eventually led to the

6571: 6309: 3634: 7229: 2636:, the profits generated worldwide by all forms of slavery in 2007 were $ 91.2 billion. That was second only to drug trafficking, in terms of global criminal enterprises. At the time the weighted average global sales price of a slave was estimated to be approximately $ 340, with a high of $ 1,895 for the average trafficked sex slave, and a low of $ 40 to $ 50 for debt bondage slaves in part of Asia and Africa. The weighted average annual profits generated by a slave in 2007 was $ 3,175, with a low of an average $ 950 for bonded labour and $ 29,210 for a trafficked sex slave. Approximately 40% of slave profits each year were generated by trafficked sex slaves, representing slightly more than 4% of the world's 29 million slaves. 11961:"The earlier forms of servitude were varied, complex, and very often of a different sociological category than those which were prevalent after the 14th century. While all forms of servitude are certainly unacceptable to most people today, this has not always been the case. Formerly, the rules of war and society were such that servitude was often imposed as a penalty on criminals and prisoners of war, and was even freely chosen by many workers for economic reasons. Children born of those held in servitude were also at times considered to be in the same state as that of their parents. These types of servitude were the most common among those generally considered to establish the so-called 'just titles' of servitude." 3843:. France received the western third and subsequently named it Saint-Domingue. To develop it into sugarcane plantations, the French imported thousands of slaves from Africa. Sugar was a lucrative commodity crop throughout the 18th century. By 1789, approximately 40,000 white colonists lived in Saint-Domingue. The whites were vastly outnumbered by the tens of thousands of African slaves they had imported to work on their plantations, which were primarily devoted to the production of sugarcane. In the north of the island, slaves were able to retain many ties to African cultures, religion and language; these ties were continually being renewed by newly imported Africans. Blacks outnumbered whites by about ten to one. 4024:, who escaped to freedom, reported that on one plantation, slave men were required to pick 80 pounds (36 kg) of cotton per day, while women were required to pick 70 pounds (32 kg) per day; if any slave failed in their quota, they were subject to whip lashes for each pound they were short. The whipping post stood next to the cotton scales. A New York man who attended a slave auction in the mid-19th century reported that at least three-quarters of the male slaves he saw at sale had scars on their backs from whipping. By contrast, small slave-owning families had closer relationships between the owners and slaves; this sometimes resulted in a more humane environment but was not a given. 1881: 78: 4956: 3817: 3805: 5485: 5329:, or Main Camp Administration, the institution which ran the Soviet camps. But over time, the word has also come to signify the system of Soviet slave labor itself, in all its forms and varieties: labor camps, punishment camps, criminal and political camps, women's camps, children's camps, transit camps. Even more broadly, "Gulag" has come to mean the Soviet repressive system itself, the set of procedures that Alexander Solzhenitsyn once called "our meat grinder": the arrests, the interrogations, the transport in unheated cattle cars, the forced labor, the destruction of families, the years spent in exile, the early and unnecessary deaths. 3711: 3189: 4651: 4323:. Slavery has taken various forms throughout China's history. It was reportedly abolished as a legally recognized institution, including in a 1909 law fully enacted in 1910, although the practice continued until at least 1949. Tang Chinese soldiers and pirates enslaved Koreans, Turks, Persians, Indonesians, and people from Inner Mongolia, central Asia, and northern India. The greatest source of slaves came from southern tribes, including Thais and aboriginals from the southern provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Guizhou. Malays, Khmers, Indians, and "black skinned" peoples (who were either Austronesian 3185:

the larger family ties. Children of slaves born into families could be integrated into the master's kinship group and rise to prominent positions within society, even to the level of chief in some instances. However, stigma often remained attached and there could be strict separations between slave members of a kinship group and those related to the master. Slavery was practiced in many different forms: debt slavery, enslavement of war captives, military slavery, and criminal slavery were all practiced in various parts of Africa. Slavery for domestic and court purposes was widespread throughout Africa.

7101: 2337: 2925: 7375: 4352:." The Manchu was establishing close personal and paternalist relationship between masters and their slaves, as Nurhachi said, "The Master should love the slaves and eat the same food as him". However, booi aha "did not correspond exactly to the Chinese category of "bond-servant slave" (Chinese:奴僕); instead, it was a relationship of personal dependency on a master which in theory guaranteed close personal relationships and equal treatment, even though many western scholars would directly translate "booi" as "bond-servant" (some of the "booi" even had their own servant). 7189: 4373: 4031:, which had a surplus of labour, and taken to the Deep South in a forced migration, splitting up many families. New communities of African American culture were developed in the Deep South, and the total slave population in the South eventually reached 4 million before liberation. In the 19th century, proponents of slavery often defended the institution as a "necessary evil". White people of that time feared that emancipation of black slaves would have more harmful social and economic consequences than the continuation of slavery. The French writer and traveler 5166: 6442: 2653: 8231: 8128: 8074: 8032: 7940: 7819: 7767: 7677: 7621: 7579: 7531: 7432: 7326: 7147: 3088: 3696: 2625: 3941: 2193:"), and sought to abolish it. Abolitionism encountered extreme resistance but was eventually successful. Several of the states of the United States began abolishing slavery during the American Revolutionary War. The French Revolution tried to abolish slavery in 1794, but a permanent abolition did not occur until 1848. In much of the British Empire, slavery was subject to abolition in 1833, throughout the United States it was abolished in 1865 and in Cuba in 1886. The last country in the Americas to abolish slavery was Brazil, 5641: 8219: 3758:

infrastructure, and population boomed from immigrants seeking to take part in gold and diamond mining. Demand for African slaves did not wane after the decline of the mining industry in the second half of the 18th century. Cattle ranching and foodstuff production proliferated after the population growth, both of which relied heavily on slave labour. 1.7 million slaves were imported to Brazil from Africa from 1700 to 1800, and the rise of coffee in the 1830s further enticed expansion of the slave trade.

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1680–1731," p. 332. Filliot estimated the average mortality rate among slaves shipped from India and West Africa to the Mascarene Islands at 20–25% and 25–30%, respectively. Average mortality rates among slaves arriving from closer catchment areas were lower: 12% from Madagascar and 21% from Southeast Africa. See Filliot, La Traite des Esclaves, p. 228; A. Toussaint, La Route des Îles: Contribution Ã l'Histoire Maritime des Mascareignes (Paris, 1967); Allen, "The Madagascar Slave Trade and Labor Migration."

28782: 3392: 5119: 5008: 8176: 8116: 8020: 7755: 7665: 2587: 6754:, Rabbi David Rosen, Abbas Abdalla Abbas Soliman, Undersecretary of State of Al Azhar Alsharif (representing Mohamed Ahmed El-Tayeb, Grand Imam of Al-Azhar), Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi, Sheikh Naziyah Razzaq Jaafar, Special advisor of Grand Ayatollah (representing Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Basheer Hussain al Najafi), Sheikh Omar Abboud, Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Metropolitan Emmanuel of France (representing Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew.) 3509:, for the remainder of his life, for attempting to run away. This case was significant because it established the disparity between his sentence as a black man and that of the two white indentured servants who escaped with him (one described as Dutch and one as a Scotchman). It is the first documented case of a black man sentenced to lifetime servitude and is considered one of the first legal cases to make a racial distinction between black and white indentured servants. 7857: 7718: 6000:. Because of the illegal nature of human trafficking, its extent is unknown. A U.S. government report, published in 2005, estimates that about 700,000 people worldwide are trafficked across borders each year. This figure does not include those who are trafficked internally. Another research effort revealed that roughly 1.5 million individuals are trafficked either internally or internationally each year, of which about 500,000 are sex trafficking victims. 32617: 31450: 30105: 26459: 25660: 5898:, the last country to abolish slavery (in 1981), it is estimated that 20% of its population of 3 million people are enslaved as bonded labourers. Slavery in Mauritania was criminalized in August 2007. However, although slavery, as a practice, was legally banned in 1981, it was not a crime to own a slave until 2007. Although many slaves have escaped or have been freed since 2007, as of 2012, only one slave owner had been sentenced to serve time in prison. 4766: 2135: 3381: 15298:"Victoria county history: a history of the county of Chester, vol. V, 2, The city of Chester: culture, buildings and institutions – Edited by Christopher P. Lewis and Alan T. Thacker Victoria county history: a history of the county of Durham, vol. IV, Darlington – Edited by Gillian Cookson Victoria county history: a history of the County of Oxford, vol. XV, Carterton, Minster Lovell, and environs (Bampton Hundred part three) – Edited by S. Townley" 4072: 4208: 4508:, that he wrote a letter to Jesuit Vice-Provincial Gaspar Coelho on July 24, 1587, to demand the Portuguese, Siamese (Thai), and Cambodians stop purchasing and enslaving Japanese and return Japanese slaves who ended up as far as India. Hideyoshi blamed the Portuguese and Jesuits for this slave trade and banned Christian proselytizing as a result. In 1595, a law was passed by Portugal banning the selling and buying of Chinese and Japanese slaves. 14182:, p. 225: "be very loyal, intelligent, and hard-working. Their culinary bent (not for nothing is Chinese cooking regarded as the Asiatic equivalent to French cooking in Europe) was evidently appreciated. The Florentine traveller Filipe Sassetti recording his impressions of Lisbon's enormous slave population circa 1580, states that the majority of the Chinese there were employed as cooks. Dr. John Fryer, who gives us an interesting ...". 14098:, p. 225: "be very loyal, intelligent, and hard-working. Their culinary bent (not for nothing is Chinese cooking regarded as the Asiatic equivalent to French cooking in Europe) was evidently appreciated. The Florentine traveller Filipe Sassetti recording his impressions of Lisbon's enormous slave population circa 1580, states that the majority of the Chinese there were employed as cooks. Dr. John Fryer, who gives us an interesting ...". 3625:

addition to transporting most of the sugar to Europe. In 1644, the population of Barbados was estimated at 30,000, of which about 800 were of African descent, with the remainder mainly of English descent. By 1700, there were 15,000 free whites and 50,000 enslaved Africans. In Jamaica, although the African slave population in the 1670s and 1680s never exceeded 10,000, by 1800 it had increased to over 300,000. The increased implementation of

26479: 7899: 6582: 5665: 7807: 7480: 6920:. Mandatory systems of fines and reparations paid to an as yet undetermined group of claimants from fines, paid by unspecified parties, and collected by authorities have been proposed by advocates to alleviate this "civil court problem." Since in almost all cases there are no living ex-slaves or living ex-slave owners these movements have gained little traction. In nearly all cases the judicial system has ruled that the 3429: 5748:

of the most advanced countries in the world yet has more than 400,000 modern slaves working under forced labour conditions." An estimated 40.3 million are enslaved globally, with North Korea having the most slaves at 2.6 million (one in 10). Of the estimated 40.3 million people in contemporary slavery, 71% are women and 29% are men. The report found of the 40.3 million in modern slavery, 15.4 million are in

7979: 6441: 5535: 7282: 3126: 32629: 31460: 26469: 25670: 6440: 3594: 6439: 2147: 6950: 2124: 2669: 6438: 5216: 2813: 4018:, beating, burning, mutilation, branding and imprisonment. Punishment was most often meted out in response to disobedience or perceived infractions, but sometimes abuse was carried out to re-assert the dominance of the master or overseer of the slave. Treatment was usually harsher on large plantations, which were often managed by overseers and owned by absentee slaveholders. 5570:

was an institution recognized in the Quran and morally justified under the guise of warfare against non-Muslims, and non-Muslims were kidnapped and enslaved by Muslims around the Muslim world: in the Balkans, the Caucasus, the Baluchistan, India, South West Asia and the Philippines. Slaves where marsched in schackles to the coasts of Sudan, Ethiopia and Somali, placed upon

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descent. Jewish slaves never fully assimilated into Roman society, remaining an identifiable minority. These slaves (especially the foreigners) had higher death rates and lower birth rates than natives and were sometimes subjected to mass expulsions. The average recorded age at death for the slaves in Rome was seventeen and a half years (17.2 for males; 17.9 for females).

3573:, limited punishments, required religious instruction, and protected marriages, forbidding the sale of young children away from their mothers. The British made other changes to the institution of slavery in Cuba. However, planters often flouted the laws and protested against them, considering them a threat to their authority and an intrusion into their personal lives. 5076:. In the second half of the 16th century, the Crown gave up the monopoly on slave trade, and the focus of European trade in African slaves shifted from import to Europe to slave transports directly to tropical colonies in the Americas – especially Brazil. In the 15th century one-third of the slaves were resold to the African market in exchange of gold. 4488:. Historians pointed out that at the same time Hideyoshi expressed his indignation and outrage at the Portuguese trade in Japanese slaves, he was engaging in a mass slave trade of Korean prisoners of war in Japan. Fillippo Sassetti saw some Chinese and Japanese slaves in Lisbon among the large slave community in 1578, although most of the slaves were black. 4937:. However, when England began to have colonies in the Americas, and particularly from the 1640s, African slaves began to make their appearance in England and remained a presence until the eighteenth century. In Scotland, slaves continued to be sold as chattels until late in the eighteenth century (on the second May 1722, an advertisement appeared in the 14052:

japoneses) já existiam aos montes em Lisboa por volta de 1578, quando Filippo Sassetti visitou a cidade,18 apenas suplantados em número pelos africanos. Parece aliás que aos últimos cabia o trabalho pesado, ficando reservadas aos chins tarefas e funções mais amenas, inclusive a de em certos casos secretariar autoridades civis, religiosas e militares.

11917:"For the first time, and probably for the last, a colonizing nation organized a formal enquiry into the justice of the methods used to extend its empire. For the first time, too, in the modern world, we see an attempt to stigmatize an entire race as inferior, as born slaves according to the theory elaborated centuries before by Aristotle." 4068:, and tensions continued to rise. Many white Southern Christians, including church ministers, attempted to justify their support for slavery as modified by Christian paternalism. The largest denominations, the Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian churches, split over the slavery issue into regional organizations of the North and South. 3687:

generally escaped through the rain forest, which they knew much better than did the colonists. To end hostilities, in the 18th century the European colonial authorities signed several peace treaties with different tribes. They granted the Maroons sovereign status and trade rights in their inland territories, giving them autonomy.

5141:. According to David P. Forsythe, "In 1649 up to three-quarters of Muscovy's peasants, or 13 to 14 million people, were serfs whose material lives were barely distinguishable from slaves. Perhaps another 1.5 million were formally enslaved, with Russian slaves serving Russian masters." Slavery remained a major institution in 3552:. A labour shortage resulted. This led to the African slaves being imported, as they were not susceptible to smallpox. In exchange, many Africans were afforded the opportunity to buy their freedom, while eventually others were granted their freedom by their masters. In Jamaica, the Spanish enslaved many of the 6870:

issued a public apology for London's role in Atlantic slave trade, which took place at an event commemorating the 200th anniversary of the British slave trade's abolition. In his speech, Livingstone described the slave trade as "the racial murder of not just those who were transported but generations

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There is adequate evidence citing case after case of African control of segments of the trade. Several African nations such as the Calabar and other southern parts of Nigeria had economies depended solely on the trade. African peoples such as the Imbangala of Angola and the Nyamwezi of Tanzania would

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seized approximately 1,600 slave ships and freed 150,000 Africans who were aboard. Action was also taken against African leaders who refused to agree to British treaties to outlaw the trade, for example against "the usurping King of Lagos", deposed in 1851. Anti-slavery treaties were signed with over

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with drugs to control their victims. "Annually, according to U.S. government-sponsored research completed in 2006, approximately 800,000 people are trafficked across national borders, which does not include millions trafficked within their own countries. Approximately 80% of transnational victims are

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reported in 2018 that slavery in wealthy Western societies is much more prevalent than previously known, in particular the United States and Great Britain, which have 403,000 (one in 800) and 136,000 slaves respectively. Andrew Forrest, founder of the organization, said that "The United States is one

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By 1870, chattel slavery had been at least formally banned in most areas of the world, with the exception of Muslim lands in Caucasus, Africa, and the Gulf. While slavery was by the 1870s viewed as morally unacceptable in the West, slavery was not considered to be imoral in the Muslim world since it

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population could fluctuate up to about one-third of the population, but on average the nobi made up about 10% of the total population. The nobi system declined beginning in the 18th century. Since the outset of the Joseon dynasty and especially beginning in the 17th century, there was harsh criticism

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described the losses of Sudanese slaves being transported on foot to Egypt: "after the Daftardar bey's 1822 campaign in the southern Nuba mountains, nearly 40,000 slaves were captured. However, through bad treatment, disease and desert travel barely 5,000 made it to Egypt." W.A. Veenhoven wrote: "The

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on coastal villages and ships extending from Italy to Iceland, enslaved an estimated 1 to 1.25 million Europeans between the 16th and 19th centuries. However, this estimate is the result of an extrapolation which assumes that the number of European slaves captured by Barbary pirates was constant

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where land is abundant, but labour is scarce, such that rent is depressed and paid workers can demand high wages. If the opposite holds true, then it is more costly for landowners to guard the slaves than to employ paid workers who can demand only low wages because of the degree of competition. Thus,

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proponents to define involuntary psychiatric patients, claiming there are no unbiased physical tests for mental illness and yet the psychiatric patient must follow the orders of the psychiatrist. They assert that instead of chains to control the slave, the psychiatrist uses drugs to control the mind.

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was the last country in the world to officially ban slavery, in 1981, with legal prosecution of slaveholders established in 2007. However, in 2019, approximately 40 million people, of whom 26% were children, were still enslaved throughout the world despite slavery being illegal. In the modern world,

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Many of them are locked in the house of their Taiwanese employers, never allowed to have a day off, and virtually under the control of their employer," Fr O'Neill said. "Some are also victims of sexual abuse – raped by the husband who is their employer. They run away and become undocumented workers,

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are typically recruited through deceit or trickery (such as a false job offer, false migration offer, or false marriage offer), sale by family members, recruitment by former slaves, or outright abduction. Victims are forced into a "debt slavery" situation by coercion, deception, fraud, intimidation,

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were "hunted incessantly and carried off as slaves by the Siamese (Thai), the Anamites (Vietnamese), and the Cambodians". A Siamese military campaign in Laos in 1876 was described by a British observer as having been "transformed into slave-hunting raids on a large scale". The census, taken in 1879,

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The Portuguese also valued Oriental slaves more than the black Africans and the Moors for their rarity. Chinese slaves were more expensive than Moors and blacks and showed off the high status of the owner. The Portuguese attributed qualities like intelligence and industriousness to Chinese, Japanese

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products”, They always had a low social status, and even if they were deliberately murdered, the perpetrators received only a year in prison, and were punished even when they reported the crimes of their lords. However, in the Later period of the dynasty, perhaps because the increase in the number

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Slaves that made it to Haiti from the trans-Atlantic journey and slaves born in Haiti were first documented in Haiti's archives and transferred to France's Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. As of 2015, these records are in The National Archives of France. According to the 1788

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economy in Brazil, and sugar was the primary export of the colony from 1600 to 1650. Gold and diamond deposits were discovered in Brazil in 1690, which sparked an increase in the importation of African slaves to power this newly profitable market. Transportation systems were developed for the mining

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structures. In many African communities, where land could not be owned, enslavement of individuals was used as a means to increase the influence a person had and expand connections. This made slaves a permanent part of a master's lineage and the children of slaves could become closely connected with

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Davis' numbers have been refuted by other historians, such as David Earle, who cautions that true picture of Europeans slaves is clouded by the fact the corsairs also seized non-Christian whites from eastern Europe. In addition, the number of slaves traded was hyperactive, with exaggerated estimates

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Since the 18th century, critics have argued that slavery hinders technological advancement because the focus is on increasing the number of slaves doing simple tasks rather than upgrading their efficiency. For example, it is sometimes argued that, because of this narrow focus, technology in Greece –

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The non-Jewish population was subjected to Nazi terror, too. Hundreds of thousands were deported to Germany as slave laborers, thousands of villages and towns were burned or destroyed, and millions were starved to death as the Germans plundered the entire region. Timothy Snyder estimates that 'half

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Of 2,467 slaves traded on 12 slave voyages from Batavia, India, and Madagascar between 1677 and 1701 to the Cape, 1,617 were landed with a loss of 850 slaves, or 34.45%. On 19 voyages between 1677 and 1732, the mortality rate was somewhat lower (22.7%). See Shell, "Slavery at the Cape of Good Hope,

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VOC 1479, OBP 1691, fls. 611r–627v, Specificatie van Allerhande Koopmansz. tot Tuticurin, Manaapar en Alvatt.rij Ingekocht, 1670/71–1689/90; W. Ph. Coolhaas and J.van Goor, eds, Generale Missiven van Gouverneurs-Generaal en Raden van Indiaan Heren Zeventien der Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (The

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ing Chinese as slaves, since they are found to be very loyal, intelligent and hard working' ... their culinary bent was also evidently appreciated. The Florentine traveller Fillippo Sassetti, recording his impressions of Lisbon's enormous slave population circa 1580, states that the majority of the

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Idéias e costumes da China podem ter-nos chegado também através de escravos chineses, de uns poucos dos quais sabe-se da presença no Brasil de começos do Setecentos.17 Mas não deve ter sido através desses raros infelizes que a influência chinesa nos atingiu, mesmo porque escravos chineses (e também

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would be worthy of scholarly attention, in my view. For as in the case of global slavery, the Gulag found legitimacy in an elaborate narrative of difference that involved the presumption of dangerousness and guilt. This ideology of difference and the violence of human exploitation have left lasting

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stated that "many colliers and salters are in a state of slavery and bondage" and announced emancipation; those starting work after July 1, 1775, would not become slaves, while those already in a state of slavery could, after 7 or 10 years depending on their age, apply for a decree of the Sheriff's

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made many proposals and developments that lessened the burden on nobi, which led to the emancipation of the vast majority of government nobi in 1801. In addition, population growth, numerous escaped slaves, growing commercialization of agriculture, and the rise of the independent small farmer class

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While American slaves in 1809 were sold for around $ 40,000 (in inflation adjusted dollars), a slave nowadays can be bought for just $ 90, making replacement more economical than providing long-term care. Slavery is a multibillion-dollar industry with estimates of up to $ 35 billion generated

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formally banned the Red Sea slave trade, but it was not enforced in the Ottoman Provinces in the Arabian Peninsula. In the late 19th-century, the Sultan of Morocco stated to Western diplomats that it was impossible for him to ban slavery because such a ban would not be enforcable, but the British

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by Tatar raids on Slavic villages but also by conquest and the suppression of rebellions, in the aftermath of which entire populations were sometimes enslaved and sold across the Empire, reducing the risk of future rebellion. The Ottomans also purchased slaves from traders who brought slaves into

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In September 1687, 665 slaves were exported by the English from Fort St. George, Madras. And, in 1694–96, when warfare once more ravaged South India, a total of 3,859 slaves were imported from Coromandel by private individuals into Ceylon. The volume of the total Dutch Indian Ocean slave trade has

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in 1543, slave trade developed in which Portuguese purchased Japanese as slaves in Japan and sold them to various locations overseas, including Portugal, throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. Many documents mention the slave trade along with protests against the enslavement of Japanese. Japanese

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or Boni, and Matawai. The Maroons often raided plantations to recruit new members from the slaves and capture women, as well as to acquire weapons, food and supplies. They sometimes killed planters and their families in the raids. The colonists also mounted armed campaigns against the Maroons, who

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in 1640 completely transformed society and the economy. Barbados eventually had one of the world's largest sugar industries. The workable sugar plantation required a large investment and a great deal of heavy labour. At first, Dutch traders supplied the equipment, financing, and African slaves, in

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in the region. Eventually, tens of thousands of captives were being taken every year. The Indian Ocean slave trade was multi-directional and changed over time. To meet the demand for menial labour, Bantu slaves bought by east African slave traders from southeastern Africa were sold in cumulatively

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Indenture, also known as bonded labour or debt bondage, is a form of unfree labour in which a person works to pay off a debt by pledging himself or herself as collateral. The services required to repay the debt, and their duration, may be undefined. Debt bondage can be passed on from generation to

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In 2014, for the first time in history, major leaders of many religions, Buddhist, Hindu, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim met to sign a shared commitment against modern-day slavery; the declaration they signed calls for the elimination of slavery and human trafficking by 2020. The signatories were:

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Between 1626 and 1662, the Dutch exported on an average 150–400 slaves annually from the Arakan-Bengal coast. During the first 30 years of Batavia's existence, Indian and Arakanese slaves provided the main labour force of the Dutch East India Company, Asian headquarters. An increase in Coromandel

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were exile slaves to Turkestani Begs. While free Chinese merchants generally did not engage in relationships with East Turkestani women, some of the Chinese slaves belonging to begs, along with Green Standard soldiers, Bannermen, and Manchus, engaged in affairs with the East Turkestani women that

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Brazil was the last country in the Western world to abolish slavery. Forty percent of the total number of slaves brought to the Americas were sent to Brazil. For reference, the United States received 10 percent. Despite being abolished, there are still people working in slavery-like conditions in

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During the Atlantic slave trade era, Brazil imported more African slaves than any other country. Nearly 5 million slaves were brought from Africa to Brazil during the period from 1501 to 1866. Until the early 1850s, most African slaves who arrived on Brazilian shores were forced to embark at

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There are no records of how many men, women and children were enslaved, but it is possible to calculate roughly the number of fresh captives that would have been needed to keep populations steady and replace those slaves who died, escaped, were ransomed, or converted to Islam. On this basis it is

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Some historians assert that as many as 17 million people were sold into slavery on the coast of the Indian Ocean, the Middle East, and North Africa, and approximately 5 million African slaves were bought by Muslim slave traders and taken from Africa across the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and

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in the United States, to become prominent on large plantations where field hands toiled with factory-like precision. Then, each work gang was based on an internal division of labour that assigned every member of the gang to a task and made each worker's performance dependent on the actions of the

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system. They were well cared for but were legally slaves owned by the government and were not allowed to marry. They were never bought or sold. The empire gave them significant administrative and military roles. The system began about 1365; there were 135,000 janissaries in 1826, when the system

4428:. The nobi population could fluctuate up to about one-third of the total, but on average the nobi made up about 10% of the total population. In 1801, the majority of government nobi were emancipated, and by 1858, the nobi population stood at about 1.5 percent of the Korean population. During the 4013:

The treatment of slaves in the United States varied widely depending on conditions, times, and places. The power relationships of slavery corrupted many whites who had authority over slaves, with children showing their own cruelty. Masters and overseers resorted to physical punishments to impose

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Spain practically did not trade in slaves until 1810 after the rebellions and independence of its American territories or viceroyalties. After the Napoleonic invasions, Spain had lost its industry and its American territories, except in Cuba and Puerto Rico, where the African slave trade to Cuba

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stated that free labour was economically better than slave labour, and that it was nearly impossible to end slavery in a free, democratic, or republican form of government since many of its legislators or political figures were slave owners and would not punish themselves. He further stated that

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Several historians have made important contributions to the global understanding of the African side of the Atlantic slave trade. By arguing that African merchants determined the assemblage of trade goods accepted in exchange for slaves, many historians argue for African agency and ultimately a

5648:

Even though slavery is now outlawed in every country, the number of slaves today is estimated as between 12 million and 29.8 million. According to a broad definition of slavery, there were 27 million people in slavery in 1999, spread all over the world. In 2005, the International

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outside of Italy. Generally, slaves in Italy were indigenous Italians. Foreigners (including both slaves and freedmen) born outside of Italy were estimated to have peaked at 5% of the total in the capital, where their number was largest. Those from outside of Europe were predominantly of Greek

16170:...apart from Jewish forced labourers – workers from Belarus, Ukraine and Russia had to endure the worst working and living conditions. Moreover, German occupation policies in the Soviet Union were far more brutal than in any other country, and German deportation practices the most inhuman. 3500:

Many whites who arrived in North America during the 17th and 18th centuries came under contract as indentured servants. The transformation from indentured servitude to slavery was a gradual process in Virginia. The earliest legal documentation of such a shift was in 1640 where a black man,

12331: 3649:

Many slaves escaped the plantations. With the help of the native South Americans living in the adjoining rain forests, these runaway slaves established a new and unique culture in the interior that was highly successful in its own right. They were known collectively in English as

5149:

converted the household slaves into house serfs. Russian agricultural slaves were formally converted into serfs earlier in 1679. Slavery in Poland was forbidden in the 15th century; in Lithuania, slavery was formally abolished in 1588; they were replaced by the second serfdom.

6467: 4814:, granting the kings of Spain and Portugal the right to reduce any "Saracens (Muslims), pagans and any other unbelievers" to perpetual slavery, legitimizing the slave trade as a result of war. The approval of slavery under these conditions was reaffirmed and extended in his 4484:, where they were enslaved to Portuguese or became slaves to other slaves. Some Korean slaves were bought by the Portuguese and brought back to Portugal from Japan, where they had been among the tens of thousands of Korean prisoners of war transported to Japan during the 5740:, thousands of Nepalese, the largest group of labourers, faced slavery in the form of denial of wages, confiscation of documents, and inability to leave the workplace. In 2016, the United Nations gave Qatar 12 months to end migrant worker slavery or face investigation. 2621:, "The great power of the clergy thus concurring with that of the king set the slaves at liberty. But it was absolutely necessary both that the authority of the king and of the clergy should be great. Where ever any one of these was wanting, slavery still continues..." 5944:

sectors. Taiwan is among a minority of places in the world that legally allows labor brokers to charge migrant workers for services which elsewhere are covered by employers as human resource costs. A few Taiwanese universities have reportedly tricked students from

6962:

Film has been the most influential medium in the presentation of the history of slavery to the general public around the world. The American film industry has had a complex relationship with slavery and until recent decades often avoided the topic. Films such as

6897:

apologized for Arab involvement in the slave trade, saying: "I regret the behavior of the Arabs... They brought African children to North Africa, they made them slaves, they sold them like animals, and they took them as slaves and traded them in a shameful way."

4041:(1835), expressed opposition to slavery while observing its effects on American society. He felt that a multiracial society without slavery was untenable, as he believed that prejudice against black people increased as they were granted more rights. Others, like 9027:

chattel-slavery, whereby the slave‐owner enjoyed complete mastery (dominium) over the slave's physical being was evident throughout the central era of Roman history, and in Roman no less than Greek thought was regarded as both the necessary antithesis of civic

13455:

Another target of his critique is the insistence that slaves (nobi) in Korea, especially in Choson dynasty, were closer to serfs (nongno) than true slaves (noye) in Europe and America, enjoying more freedom and independence than what a slave would normally be

7045:, how facts are stretched in search of broader truths, and suitability for the classroom. Berlin argues that critics complain if the treatment emphasizes historical brutality, or if it glosses over the harshness to highlight the emotional impact of slavery. 4104:, roughly 400,000 individuals, representing 8% of all U.S. families, owned nearly 4,000,000 slaves. One-third of Southern families owned slaves. The South was heavily invested in slavery. As such, upon Lincoln's election, seven states broke away to form the 3862:, had established rules on slave treatment and permissible freedoms. Saint-Domingue has been described as one of the most brutally efficient slave colonies; one-third of newly imported Africans died within a few years. Many slaves died from diseases such as 4458:

around World War II, some Koreans were used in forced labour by the Imperial Japanese, in conditions which have been compared to slavery. These included women forced into sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese Army before and during World War II, known as

16244:, p. vii: "Much has been written, and much is still to be written, about the Gulag. We all know of its status as an "archipelago" (in Solzhenitsyn's words) of penal slavery, inflicted on millions and held as a threat over the rest of the population." 8934: 5589:

Ottoman anti slavery laws where not enforced in the late 19th-century, particularly not in Hejaz; the first attempt to ban the Red Sea slave trade in 1857 resulted in a rebellion in the Hejaz Province, which resulted in Hejza exempted from the ban. The

3208:

began, many of the local slave systems began supplying captives for chattel slave markets outside Africa. Although the Atlantic slave trade was not the only slave trade from Africa, it was the largest in volume and intensity. As Elikia M'bokolo wrote in

2725:("Pleasure Brigades") are made up of women selected from the general population to serve as entertainers and as concubines to the rulers of North Korea. "Tribute labor" is compulsory labor for the state and has been used in various iterations such as 6855:

resolved to 'profoundly regret' and apologize for its role in the institution of slavery. Unique and the first of its kind in the U.S., the apology was unanimously passed in both Houses as Virginia approached the 400th anniversary of the founding of

6601:

France abolished slavery in 1794 during the Revolution, but it was restored in 1802 under Napoleon. It has been asserted that, before the Revolution, slavery was illegal in metropolitan France (as opposed to its colonies), but this has been refuted.

5732:

In Kuwait, there are more than 600,000 migrant domestic workers who are vulnerable to forced labor and legally tied to their employers, who often illegally take their passports. In 2019, online slave markets on apps such as Instagram were uncovered.

3113:

thought that around 8,500 new slaves were needed annually to replenish numbers – about 850,000 captives over the century from 1580 to 1680. By extension, for the 250 years between 1530 and 1780, the figure could easily have been as high as 1,250,000.

6698:'s reports of atrocities within the Arab slave trade in Africa stirred up the interest of the British public, reviving the flagging abolitionist movement. The Royal Navy throughout the 1870s attempted to suppress "this abominable Eastern trade", at 1576: 2361:

Forced labour, or unfree labour, is sometimes used to describe an individual who is forced to work against their own will, under threat of violence or other punishment. This may also include institutions not commonly classified as slavery, such as

4471:

slaves are believed to be the first of their nation to end up in Europe, and the Portuguese purchased numbers of Japanese slave girls to bring to Portugal for sexual purposes, as noted by the Church in 1555. Japanese slave women were even sold as

23083: 3144:, with as many as 50,000 African slaves passing through every year during the 19th century. Some historians estimate that between 11 and 18 million African slaves crossed the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Sahara Desert from 650 to 1900 AD. 2784:, protecting slaves from mistreatment simultaneously protected people who might be mistaken for slaves, and giving slaves limited property rights incentivized slaves to work harder to get more property. In the southern United States prior to 12339: 5661:(18.1 million), forced labour (7.6 million), and trafficked slaves (2.7 million). Kara provides a dynamic model to calculate the number of slaves in the world each year, with an estimated 29.2 million at the end of 2009. 3645:

The planters of the Dutch colony of Suriname relied heavily on African slaves to cultivate, harvest and process the commodity crops of coffee, cocoa, sugar cane and cotton plantations. The Netherlands abolished slavery in Suriname in 1863.

2575:

others. The slaves chopped out the weeds that surrounded the cotton plants as well as excess sprouts. Plow gangs followed behind, stirring the soil near the plants and tossing it back around the plants. Thus, the gang system worked like an

4543:

been estimated to be about 15–30% of the Atlantic slave trade, slightly smaller than the trans-Saharan slave trade, and one-and-a-half to three times the size of the Swahili and Red Sea coast and the Dutch West India Company slave trades.

24686: 21743: 3629:

or black codes, which created differential treatment between Africans and the white workers and ruling planter class. In response to these codes, several slave rebellions were attempted or planned during this time, but none succeeded.

4006:. Those states attempted to extend slavery into the new western territories to keep their share of political power in the nation. Such laws proposed to Congress to continue the spread of slavery into newly ratified states include the 1817:

Many historical cases of enslavement occurred as a result of breaking the law, becoming indebted, suffering a military defeat, or exploitation for cheaper labor; other forms of slavery were instituted along demographic lines such as

5957:

into forced labour at factories as payment for the university programs. Some charity groups in 2007 also insisted that foreign women—mostly from China and Southeast Asia—were being forced into prostitution, although local police in

4479:

and African crew members, along with their European counterparts serving on Portuguese ships trading in Japan, mentioned by Luis Cerqueira, a Portuguese Jesuit, in a 1598 document. Japanese slaves were brought by the Portuguese to

2776:, people who deliberately killed slaves were punishable under a 1686 statute. And, as already mentioned, certain legal rights attached to the nobi in Korea, to slaves in various African societies, and to black female slaves in the 4123:, which banned slavery and involuntary servitude "except as punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted," providing a legal basis for forced labor to continue in the country. This led to the system of 3221:

The African continent was bled of its human resources via all possible routes. Across the Sahara, through the Red Sea, from the Indian Ocean ports and across the Atlantic. At least ten centuries of slavery for the benefit of the

5295:

Stalin's Gulag was, in many ways, less a concentration camp than a forced labor camp and less a prison system than a system of slavery. The image of the slave appears often in Gulag memoir literature. As Varlam Shalamov wrote:

16182: 6561:

Many of the freed slaves became sharecroppers and indentured servants. In this manner, some became tied to the very parcel of land into which they had been born a slave having little freedom or economic opportunity because of

6566:

which perpetuated discrimination, limited education, promoted persecution without due process and resulted in continued poverty. Fear of reprisals such as unjust incarcerations and lynchings deterred upward mobility further.

3038:. The use of slave labour was extensive, especially in agriculture." The Anti-Slavery Society estimated there were 2 million slaves in Ethiopia in the early 1930s out of an estimated population of 8 to 16 million. 14022:

countryside.16 Slaves were everywhere in Lisbon, according to the Florentine merchant Filippo Sassetti, who was also living in the city during 1578. Black slaves were the most numerous, but there were also a scattering of

5298:"Hungry and exhausted, we leaned into a horse collar, raising blood blisters on our chests and pulling a stone-filled cart up the slanted mine floor. The collar was the same device used long ago by the ancient Egyptians." 5200:

Besides Jews, the harshest deportation and forced labour policies were applied to the populations of Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia. By the end of the war, half of Belarus' population had been killed or deported.

4450:

contributed to the decline in the number of nobi to about 1.5% of the total population by 1858. The hereditary nobi system was officially abolished around 1886–87, and the rest of the nobi system was abolished with the

17073: 11829: 6687:, which campaigned to outlaw slavery in other countries. There were celebrations in 2007 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the abolition of the slave trade in the United Kingdom through the work of the British 8923: 18049: 13638: 9551: 6443: 17318:"China: 83 major brands implicated in report on forced labour of ethnic minorities from Xinjiang assigned to factories across provinces; Includes company responses – Business & Human Rights Resource Centre" 6803:

was performed with a high degree of involvement of several African societies. The black slave market was supplied by well-established slave trade networks controlled by local African societies and individuals.

6322: 4167:, protesting for better pay, better conditions, and for the end of forced labor. Strike leaders were punished with indefinite solitary confinement. Forced prison labor occurs in both government-run prisons and 9146:

Wealth rested heavily on the possession of slaves across the large empires of West Africa as well as in Benin and other kingdoms Slave owners in sub-Saharan Africa also employed their chattel in a variety of

2220:

continued to traffic slaves from the African continent to the Middle East. During the 20th century, the issue of chattel slavery was addressed and investigated globally by international bodies created by the

14401:

footnote 2: (...) While it is likely that the institution of slavery existed in India during the Vedic period, the association of the Vedic 'Dasa' with 'slaves' is problematic and likely to have been a later

6799:. Apologies on behalf of African nations, for their role in trading their countrymen into slavery, remain an open issue since slavery was practiced in Africa even before the first Europeans arrived and the 6521:

In the United States, all of the northern states had abolished slavery by 1804, with New Jersey being the last to act. Abolitionist pressure produced a series of small steps towards emancipation. After the

6433: 4179:

constitute half the market share of private prisons, and they made a combined revenue of $ 3.5 billion in 2015. The value of all labor by inmates in the United States is estimated to be in the billions. In

6388: 2446:

or early marriages are often considered types of slavery. Forced marriage continues to be practiced in parts of the world including some parts of Asia and Africa and in immigrant communities in the West.

3735:

Later, Portuguese colonists were heavily dependent on indigenous labour during the initial phases of settlement to maintain the subsistence economy, and natives were often captured by expeditions called

16219:

or Central Administration of Camps. Over time, it has also indicated not only the administration of concentration camps, but also the very system of Soviet slave labor, in all its forms and varieties";

3905:

fathers frequently sent their mixed-race sons to France for their education. Some men of color were admitted into the military. More of the free people of color lived in the south of the island, near

2551:

first slavery and then serfdom gradually decreased in Europe as the population grew. They were reintroduced in the Americas and in Russia as large areas of land with few inhabitants became available.

4262:), Murder against slaves was as taboo as murder against free people, and perpetrators were always severely punished. Han dynasty can be said to be very distinctive compared to other countries of the 2745:

regimes such as the Nazis and the Soviet Union placed increasing importance on the labor provided in those camps, leading to a growing tendency among historians to designate such systems as slavery.

1571: 16130: 11790: 7038:

takes place on the imaginary Portuguese island of Queimada (where the locals speak Spanish) and it merges historical events that took place in Brazil, Cuba, Santo Domingo, Jamaica, and elsewhere.

6916:

matter in almost every country. This is often decried as a serious problem, since former slaves' relatives lack of money means they often have limited access to a potentially expensive and futile

6420: 9977:...vulgar are the means of livelihood of all hired workmen whom we pay for mere manual labour, not for artistic skill; for in their case the very wage they receive is a pledge of their slavery. 6871:

of enslaved African men, women and children. To justify this murder and torture black people had to be declared inferior or not human... We live with the consequences today." City officials in

2030:

sclāvus) in the meaning 'prisoner of war slave', 'slave' in the 8th/9th century, because they often became captured and enslaved. However this version has been disputed since the 19th century.

6613:

was widely taken to have held that slavery was illegal in England. This judgement also laid down the principle that slavery contracted in other jurisdictions could not be enforced in England.

6331: 17770: 17435: 6424: 6321: 6317: 4002:, effective 1808, although smuggling (illegal importing) was not unusual. Domestic slave trading, however, continued at a rapid pace, driven by labour demands from the development of cotton 3901:

descendants of white male colonists and black female slaves (and later, mixed-race women). Over time, many were released from slavery. They established a separate social class. White French

6825:, minister of environment and housing for Benin, later said: "The slave trade is a shame, and we do repent for it." Researchers estimate that 3 million slaves were exported out of the 6494:, which ruled China from 221 to 206 BC, abolished slavery and discouraged serfdom. However, many of its laws were overturned when the dynasty was overthrown. Slavery was again abolished by 6427: 2644: 6313: 5262:

Prisoners in these camps were worked to death by a combination of extreme production quotas, physical and psychological brutality, hunger, lack of medical care, and the harsh environment.

24660: 19962: 17366: 9124:

Chattel-slaves were needed, especially from the ninth to thirteenth centuries, in the gold and emerald (carbuncle) mines of the Wadi Allaqi in the deserts east of the Nile's 2nd Cataract

6394: 6042: 5928:, forced labour, and abuses are all widespread. Most international human rights organizations consider North Korea to have no contemporary parallel with respect to violations of liberty. 6398: 6364: 5276:. Fatality rate was as high as 80% during the first months in many camps. Hundreds of thousands of people, possibly millions, died as a direct result of forced labour under the Soviets. 5756:. The foundation defines contemporary slavery as "situations of exploitation that a person cannot refuse or leave because of threats, violence, coercion, abuse of power, or deception." 3103:, the capital of Algeria, captured Christians and Europeans were forced into slavery. In about 1650, there were as many as 35,000 Christian slaves in Algiers. By one estimate, raids by 31170: 22247: 10364: 4424:

class, and some possessed property rights, and legal and civil rights. Hence, some scholars argue that it is inappropriate to call them "slaves", while some scholars describe them as

1798:, especially in regards to their labour. Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location of work and residence dictated by the party that holds them in bondage. 3983:, the status of slave had been institutionalized as a racial caste associated with African ancestry. The United States became polarized over the issue of slavery, represented by the 19118: 12872: 9480: 17857: 11024: 3016:

Sahara Desert between 1500 and 1900. The captives were sold throughout the Middle East. This trade accelerated as superior ships led to more trade and greater demand for labour on

19092: 6324: 2824:

populations because it requires economic surpluses and a substantial population density. Thus, although it has existed among unusually resource-rich hunter gatherers, such as the

2166:) owned by the enslaver; like livestock, they can be bought and sold at will. Chattel slavery was historically the normal form of slavery and was practiced in places such as the 6844:

and is still being pursued by entities across the world. For example, the Jamaican Reparations Movement approved its declaration and action plan. In 2007, British Prime Minister

3045:, Bantu peoples that lived along the East African coast. The Zanj were for centuries shipped as slaves by Arab traders to all the countries bordering the Indian Ocean during the 12902:

Ober, Josiah; Scheidel, Walter; Shaw, Brent D.; Sanclemente, Donna (April 18, 2007). "Toward Open Access in Ancient Studies: The Princeton-Stanford Working Papers in Classics".

9041: 8538: 8309: 3560:

began on a massive scale from 1810 onwards. It was started by French planters exiled from the French lost colony Saint Domingue (Haiti) who settled in the eastern part of Cuba.

15567: 2792:, a right to trial by jury in graver cases, and the right to grand jury indictment, but they lacked many other rights such as white adults' ability to control their own lives. 32224: 23075: 17081: 6912:

There have been movements to achieve reparations for those formerly held as slaves or for their descendants. Claims for reparations for being held in slavery are handled as a

4356:(Tungans) Sufis who were charged with practicing xiejiao (heterodox religion), were punished by exile to Xinjiang and being sold as a slave to other Muslims, such as the Sufi 2603:

slaves would be better able to gain their freedom under centralized government, or a central authority like a king or church. Similar arguments appeared later in the works of

17797: 11839: 9591: 6639:

led the anti-slavery movement in the United Kingdom, although the groundwork was an anti-slavery essay by Clarkson. Wilberforce was urged by his close friend, Prime Minister

6436: 3049:. The Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs recruited many Zanj slaves as soldiers and, as early as 696, there were slave revolts of the Zanj against their Arab enslavers during their 16277:, p. 295: "This is the fact that the forced labor system of the Gulag is an example of slavery in the absence of well-defined and enforced property rights in slaves."; 6330: 2101:

perpetuates the crime of slavery in language by reducing its victims to a nonhuman noun instead of "carry them forward as people, not the property that they were" (see also

17564: 11899:

All Mankind Is One: A Study of the Disputation Between Bartolomé de Las Casas and Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda on the Religious and Intellectual Capacity of the American Indians

6326: 5193:(sub-humans) as a permanent slave-class of inferior beings who could be worked until they died, and who possessed neither the rights nor the legal status of members of the 4045:

argued that slavery was a "positive good" stating: "Such a class you must have, or you would not have that other class which leads progress, civilization, and refinement."

19067: 14450:

Sources such as the Arthasastra, the Manusmriti and the Mahabharata demonstrate that institutionalized slavery was well established in India by beginning of the common era

9468:

Persians never practiced mass slavery, and in many cases the situations and lives of semi-slaves (prisoners of war) were in fact better than the common citizens of Persia.

6379: 18057: 10916: 6370: 6343: 6315: 3084:

boomed and the Arabs became richer, agriculture and other manual labour work was thought to be demeaning. The resulting labour shortage led to an increased slave market.

2752:

where the Spanish Crown granted private individuals the right to the free labour of a specified number of natives in a given area. In the "Red Rubber System" of both the

9547: 6458:

Slavery has existed, in one form or another, throughout recorded human history – as have, in various periods, movements to free large or distinct groups of slaves.

6361: 3489:. The first African slaves arrived in Hispaniola in 1501. This era saw a growth in race-based slavery. England played a prominent role in the Atlantic slave trade. The " 3242:

The trans-Atlantic slave trade peaked in the late 18th century, when the largest number of slaves were captured on raiding expeditions into the interior of West Africa.

13668: 8565: 6886:

passed a resolution apologizing to African-Americans for the "fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality, and inhumanity of slavery". The news was welcomed by President

6410: 6408: 6318: 13646: 6401: 6351: 1697: 6414: 6359: 5414:

has been difficult to differentiate by word usage alone. The three apparent types of enslavement in Ancient Egypt: chattel slavery, bonded labour, and forced labour.

4108:. The first six states to secede held the greatest number of slaves in the South. Shortly after, over the issue of slavery, the United States erupted into an all-out 3742:. The importation of African slaves began midway through the 16th century, but the enslavement of indigenous peoples continued well into the 17th and 18th centuries. 2844:

about 11,000 years ago. Slavery was practiced in almost every ancient civilization. Such institutions included debt bondage, punishment for crime, the enslavement of

2297:

generation, with children required to pay off their progenitors' debt. It is the most widespread form of slavery today. Debt bondage is most prevalent in South Asia.

2261:. Legal chattel slavery was finally abolished in the Arabian Peninsula in the 1960s: Saudi Arabia and Yemen in 1962, in Dubai in 1963, and Oman as the last in 1970. 17663: 6314: 25149: 23051: 14565:, Rijks Geschiedkundige Publication, Kleine serie 43 (The Hague, 1976); R. Barendse, "Slaving on the Malagasy Coast, 1640–1700," in S. Evers and M. Spindler, eds, 6239: 6035: 4714:

By the late Republican era, slavery had become an economic pillar of Roman wealth, as well as Roman society. It is estimated that 25% or more of the population of

3929: 3294: 6530:, nor involvement in the international slave trade externally. Legal slavery persisted outside the northern states; most of those slaves already in the U.S. were 6404: 6328: 6316: 18169: 12552: 6319: 3909:, and many intermarried within their community. They frequently worked as artisans and tradesmen, and began to own some property. Some became slave holders. The 3512:

After 1640, planters started to ignore the expiration of indentured contracts and keep their servants as slaves for life. This was demonstrated by the 1655 case

16200:

of the population of Soviet Belarus was either killed or forcibly displaced during World War II: nothing of the kind can be said of any other European country.'

10288: 8798: 32072: 27925: 24210: 18019: 6628: 6555: 5936:

Taiwan's migrant worker population—estimated in 2018 to be up to 660,000 in number—have reportedly faced slavery-like conditions involving sexual abuse in the

4116: 2785: 2179: 1561: 1092: 19032: 6435: 6332: 5072:, opened in 1444. In 1441, the first slaves were brought to Portugal from northern Mauritania. By 1552, black African slaves made up 10% of the population of 29181: 23163: 10342:

The encomienda in its early heyday granted a lifetime monopoly on the utilization of temporary Indian labor in a given area to one Spaniard, the encomendero.

4277:, Due to years of poor harvests, the influx of foreign tribes, and the resulting wars, The number of slaves exploded. They became a class and were called " 22262: 18568: 9624: 6577:, His autobiography, published in 1789, helped in the creation of the Slave Trade Act 1807 which ended the African slave trade for Britain and its colonies. 6400: 6382: 6360: 6325: 26250: 17157: 16137: 16004: 11292: 9308: 8304: 6312: 6294: 4872:

merchants were all involved in the slave trade during the Early Middle Ages. The trade in European slaves reached a peak in the 10th century following the

4437:

among prominent thinkers in Korea about the nobi system. Even within the Joseon government, there were indications of a shift in attitude toward the nobi.

4131:, an American criminal justice think tank, cites the 2020 US prison population as 2.3 million, and nearly all able-bodied inmates work in some fashion. In 3972: 2760:, labour was demanded as taxation; private companies were conceded areas within which they were allowed to use any measures to increase rubber production. 1446: 818: 555: 6355: 5790:

and used for forced labour in at least twenty-seven corporate factories. According to the Business and Human Rights resource center, corporations such as

4943:, announcing that a stolen slave had been found, who would be sold to pay expenses, unless claimed within two weeks). For nearly two hundred years in the 4394:

country, but by the 16th century, population growth was making unnecessary". Slavery went into decline around the 10th century but came back in the late

2097:" or "enslaved person", rather than "slave", should be used when describing the victims of slavery. According to those proposing a change in terminology, 24413: 20562:

Encounters on the Opposite Coast: Cross-Cultural Contacts between the Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century

19696: 12332:"Vergonha Ainda Maior: Novas informações disponíveis em um enorme banco de dados mostram que a escravidão no Brasil foi muito pior do que se sabia antes" 6431: 6419: 6411: 6028: 5184: 5174: 4921:, by 1200 slavery in the British Isles was non-existent. Slavery had never been authorized by statute within England and Wales, and in 1772, in the case 3372:

and their descendants were slaves. Some nations in British Columbia continued to segregate and ostracize the descendants of slaves as late as the 1970s.

2893:

In European courtly society, and European aristocracy, black African slaves and their children became visible in the late 1300s and 1400s. Starting with

1182: 823: 19740: 17775: 15680: 14714:

Lauffer, Siegfried (August 1, 1957). Berneker, Erich (ed.). "Die Bergwerkssklaven von Laureion, I. Teil" [The Mine Slaves of Laureion, Part I].

8830: 26515: 23619: 6402: 6072: 3963:, that existed in the United States of America in the 18th and 19th centuries, after it gained independence from the British and before the end of the 3356:, that lived along the Pacific coast from Alaska to California, on what is sometimes described as the Pacific or Northern Northwest Coast. Some of the 2272:. The 1981 ban on slavery was not enforced in practice, as there were no legal mechanisms to prosecute those who used slaves, these only came in 2007. 4952:

Court granting their freedom. Few could afford this, until a further law in 1799 established their freedom and made this slavery and bondage illegal.

4687:

expanded outward, entire populations were enslaved, across Europe and the Mediterranean. Slaves were used for labour, as well as for amusement (e.g.,

26402: 25544: 24927: 6434: 6323: 4237:, slaves were sometimes discriminated against but their legal status was guaranteed. As can be seen from the some historical records as “Duansheng, 3357: 22016: 17026: 15360: 12170: 3481:; his observation of that massacre led him to fight for a social movement away from the use of natives as slaves. Also, the alarming decline in the 24364: 16775: 16641: 5064:

was the first slave market created in Portugal (one of the earliest colonizers of the Americas) for the sale of imported African slaves – the

3034:, "It is estimated that by the 1890s the largest slave population of the world, about 2 million people, was concentrated in the territories of the 2085:) with the meaning "to strip the enemy (killed in a battle)" or "to make booty / extract spoils of war". This version has been criticized as well. 515: 15914: 6518:, who was "the first to expose the oppression of indigenous peoples by Europeans in the Americas and to call for the abolition of slavery there." 6423: 6375: 2385:

and is the fastest growing form of forced labour, with Thailand, Cambodia, India, Brazil and Mexico having been identified as leading hotspots of

23573: 18959: 15976: 8749:] (in Russian). Vol. 23. Дневник писателя за 1876 год. Май-октябрь. Leningrad: Наука. Ленингр. отд-ние. pp. 63, 382. Archived from 8589: 6366: 6363: 17439: 17378: 6935:

in which reparations were estimated, for harms both during and after the period of transatlantic chattel slavery, at over 100 trillion dollars.

6432: 6349: 4048:

The Southern state governments wanted to keep a balance between the number of slave and free states to maintain a political balance of power in

2451:

occurs in many places in the world today, with a 2003 study finding a national average of 69% of marriages in Ethiopia being through abduction.

24285: 19249: 17691: 16945: 16829: 12334:[Even Greater Shame: New information available from a huge database shows that slavery in Brazil was far worse than previously known]. 8264: 6998:

in the 1950s made defiant slaves into heroes. The question of slavery in American memory necessarily involves its depictions in feature films.

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One of the most significant milestones in the campaign to abolish slavery throughout the world occurred in England in 1772, with British Judge

6333: 3750:(in present-day Angola). Today, with the exception of Nigeria, the country with the largest population of people of African descent is Brazil. 2487:

was a pseudoscientific psychiatric diagnosis for a slave who desired freedom; "symptoms" included laziness and the tendency to flee captivity.

870: 19972: 16926: 8987: 6367: 6327: 5729:, Syria, and Zimbabwe were at the lowest level. The list also included Algeria, Libya, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait among a total of 21 countries. 4379:, women from outcast or slave families who were trained to provide entertainment, conversation, and sexual services to men of the upper class. 4064:, and Mexico were the subject of major political compromises. By 1850, the newly rich cotton-growing South was threatening to secede from the 22055: 18668: 14563:

De Nederlanders in Kerala, 1663–1701: De Memories en Instructies Betreffende het Commandement Malabar van de Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie

12740: 10354: 8870: 8764: 6341: 5111:. About 2 million mostly Christian slaves were exported over the 16th and 17th centuries until the Crimean Khanate was destroyed by the 4390:

period, in the first century BCE. Slavery has been described as "very important in medieval Korea, probably more important than in any other

4364:

who committed crimes such as those dealing with opium became slaves to the begs, this practice was administered by Qing law. Most Chinese in

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after the 16th century. The Dutch, too, largely dealt in Abyssian slaves, known in India as Habshis or Sheedes. Arakan/Bengal, Malabar, and

3425:

The countries that controlled most of the transatlantic slave market in terms of number of slaves shipped were the UK, Portugal and France.

2182:

in 1865) and parts of the Caribbean such as Cuba and Haiti. The Iroquois enslaved others in ways that “looked very like chattel slavery."

26202: 24932: 18079: 8505: 6320: 6107: 6015: 3633: 3563:

In 1789, the Spanish Crown led an effort to reform slavery, as the demand for slave labour in Cuba was growing. The Crown issued a decree,

1566: 1416: 22201: 21608: 18836: 12880: 6385: 3273:, with mortality rates considerably higher in Africa itself in the process of capturing and transporting indigenous peoples to the ships. 32632: 32204: 29909: 29784: 26185: 24902: 24506: 24048: 9727: 6425: 6356: 5503:, about one-fifth of the population consisted of slaves. The city was a major centre of the slave trade in the 15th and later centuries. 4524: 4296:

of slaves slowed down again, the penalties for crimes against them became harsh again. For example, the famous contemporary female poet

897: 20428:

Japanese Travellers in Sixteenth-century Europe: A Dialogue Concerning the Mission of the Japanese Ambassadors to the Roman Curia (1590)

18982: 9363: 8834: 6380: 6378: 6340: 4550:(who sat on the Viceroy's Council), there were an estimated 8 or 9 million slaves in India in 1841. About 15% of the population of 3368:, were traditionally known as fierce warriors and slave-traders, raiding as far as California. Slavery was hereditary, the slaves being 32246: 30141: 29794: 27763: 27741: 24195: 22195: 17052: 16859: 13906:. Edwin O. Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies. Harvard University, Edwin O. Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies. p. 18. 6381: 5550:

had supplied slaves to the Middle East for thousands of years from antiquity until the 1870s. A slave market for captured Russian and

5084: 3161:, London, 1920) believes that for every slave the Arabs brought to the coast at least six died on the way or during the slavers' raid. 2386: 1643: 395: 18352: 18138: 17180: 12718: 11927: 9049: 8542: 6353: 6338: 5410:

to refer to different classes of servitude over the course of history. Interpretation of the textual evidence of classes of slaves in

32325: 32107: 31382: 30837: 30052: 28667: 26862: 26372: 23587: 22345: 20705: 17939: 10105: 6619:

was a late 18th-century British group that campaigned to end slavery. Its members were Africans in London, freed slaves who included

6511: 6426: 5595:

asked him to ensure that the slave trade in Morocco would at least be handled discreet and away from the eyes of foreign wittnesses.

4485: 3447: 845: 15571: 11028: 9484: 6399: 3414:

Slavery in America remains a contentious issue and played a major role in the history and evolution of some countries, triggering a

2780:. Giving slaves legal rights has sometimes been a matter of morality, but also sometimes a matter of self-interest. For example, in 31282: 30646: 28950: 28511: 28073: 27188: 26534:

What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights

26088: 24130: 24018: 23761: 23568: 23342: 18809: 9598: 6430: 6284: 6197: 5029:

were the scene of almost constant Muslim invasion of the predominantly Christian area. Periodic raiding expeditions were sent from

4948: 4718:

was enslaved, although the actual percentage is debated by scholars and varied from region to region. Slaves represented 15–25% of

4097: 2234: 1616: 1436: 609: 19488: 16331: 16059: 12788: 10602: 10273: 8407: 32396: 31496: 31409: 31367: 29901: 29839: 28692: 26767: 26108: 25706: 23662: 15007: 7041:

Historians agree that films have largely shaped historical memories, but they debate issues of accuracy, plausibility, moralism,

6347: 3246: 1774: 17572: 16224:, p. 112: "From the perspective of the Kremlin, Magadan existed as the center of a domestic colony based on slave labor."; 13381:"Korean Nobi in American Mirror: Yi Dynasty Coerced Labor in Comparison to the Slavery in the Antebellum Southern United States" 6527: 3021:

large numbers over the centuries to customers in Egypt, Arabia, the Persian Gulf, India, European colonies in the Far East, the

33303: 32521: 30852: 29881: 29212: 28858: 28563: 28009: 27332: 27327: 27322: 27317: 27312: 27302: 26568: 26508: 26444: 25645: 24369: 24140: 23968: 23953: 23948: 23794: 23505: 23326: 23246: 17817:

then they are lured by the illegal brokers to find work. Some of them end up in brothels and become victims of sex trafficking.

7542: 6879: 5350: 4348:; Chinese transliteration: 包衣阿哈), which is a Manchu word literally translated as "household person" and sometimes rendered as " 2201: 880: 298: 17513: 17208: 12816: 9678: 4925:, Lord Mansfield declared that it was also unsupported within England by the common law. The slave trade was abolished by the 30951: 30342: 29876: 25673: 24200: 23933: 23278: 23107: 22151: 22125: 22104: 22068: 22029: 22005: 21980: 21955: 21930: 21902: 21877: 21836: 21786: 21757: 21732: 21690: 21665: 21638: 21560: 21536: 21512: 21487: 21466: 21445: 21420: 21392: 21128: 21107: 21076: 21048: 21020: 20995: 20970: 20945: 20916: 20892: 20867: 20842: 20821: 20796: 20771: 20746: 20718: 20674: 20635: 20574: 20549: 20492: 20439: 20409: 20381: 20353: 20325: 20287: 20262: 20231: 20172: 20086: 20061: 20038: 19997: 19951: 19869: 19843: 19820: 19783: 19754: 19725: 19685: 19587: 19559: 19537: 19298: 19232: 19181: 18552: 18389: 18297: 18241: 18213: 17904: 17020: 16909: 16752: 16671: 16452: 16043: 15890: 15859: 15821: 15783: 15752: 15709: 15641: 15525: 15403: 15269: 15227: 15189: 15151: 15049: 15019: 14950: 14925: 14892: 14798: 14684: 14653: 14386: 14354: 14323: 14291: 14253: 14148: 14121: 14076: 14044: 14008: 13970: 13932: 13876: 13832: 13787: 13742: 13711: 13676: 13621: 13587: 13553: 13483: 13441: 13363: 13267: 13229: 13199: 13155: 13074: 13043: 13012: 12856: 12766: 12701: 12671: 12640: 12591: 12535: 12473: 12409: 12270: 12237: 12209: 12097: 12069: 11802: 11707: 11654: 11623: 11399: 11160: 11140: 11106: 11079: 10995: 10900: 10857: 10830: 10776: 10649: 10540: 10459: 10257: 10204: 10166: 9795: 9427: 9225: 9013: 8963: 8884: 8850: 8575: 8456: 8345: 7443: 6722: 6714: 6606: 6523: 6087: 5912:

North Korea's human rights record is often considered to be the worst in the world and has been globally condemned, with the

5779: 5033:

to ravage the Iberian Christian kingdoms, bringing back booty and slaves. In a raid against Lisbon in 1189, for example, the

3999: 3349: 2825: 1458: 1135: 907: 21706:

American Negro Slavery: A Survey of the Supply, Employment and Control of Negro Labor as Determined by the Plantation Régime

19077: 16727:

Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Storbritannien: AltaMira Press. p. 17

13380: 12061:

The Old Dominion in the Seventeenth Century: A Documentary History of Virginia, 1606–1700: Easyread Super Large 18pt Edition

4496:

feared rampant slavery was having a negative effect on Catholic proselytization, so he commanded that it be banned in 1571.

3438:

In order to establish itself as an American empire, Spain had to fight against the relatively powerful civilizations of the

32666: 32535: 29886: 28568: 27456: 26938: 26736: 24708: 24023: 23845: 23123: 18494:

Chatman, Samuel L. (2000). "'There are no Slaves in France': A Re-Examination of Slave Laws in Eighteenth Century France".

18416:

Dwyer, Philip (2008). "Remembering and Forgetting in Contemporary France: Napoleon, Slavery, and the French History Wars".

16713:

Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Storbritannien: AltaMira Press. p.16

10948: 10792: 9661: 9498: 8905: 6507: 6421: 6376: 4168: 3556:; some escaped, but most died from European diseases and overwork. The Spaniards also introduced the first African slaves. 1650: 1611: 1254: 30621: 17655: 17594: 14757: 12361: 10409: 9989:

North, Douglass C.; Thomas, Robert Paul (December 1971). "The Rise and Fall of the Manorial System: A Theoretical Model".

9232:

the Iroquois confederacy, people who practiced a form of captive taking that in some ways looked very like chattel slavery

6354: 6350: 2788:, a proslavery legal treatise reported that slaves accused of crimes typically had a legal right to counsel, freedom from 32620: 32035: 31317: 30538: 30359: 29919: 26895: 26847: 26618: 25857: 25354: 25024: 24937: 24828: 24496: 24316: 23958: 23943: 22931: 17287: 11113:

According to Robert Davis, from the 16th to 19th century, pirates captured 1 million to 1.25 million Europeans as slaves.

6173: 6165: 6157: 6149: 5996:(in which case the practice is called sex trafficking), victims also include men, women and children who are forced into 3298: 3197: 3022: 2870:

region, between 1300 and 1900, close to one-third of the population was enslaved. In early Islamic states of the western

1692: 1329: 989: 840: 636: 545: 34840: 22483: 9524: 6429: 5266:, who survived eight years of Gulag incarceration, provided firsthand testimony about the camps with the publication of 4147:, prisoners are not paid at all for their work. In other states, prisoners are paid between $ 0.12 and $ 1.15 per hour. 32600: 32479: 30543: 30067: 30047: 30026: 24922: 24396: 23462: 23334: 22565: 21724: 21629: 18594: 18176: 17929: 17802: 12426: 12201: 11902: 10926: 9244: 6409: 6345: 5088: 5001: 4315:. According to Japanese historians Sugiyama Masaaki (杉山正明) and Funada Yoshiyuki (舩田善之), Mongolian slaves were owned by 3604:

In the early 17th century, the majority of the labour in Barbados was provided by European indentured servants, mainly

3482: 3319: 1712: 1406: 1160: 17633: 12562: 8737: 8475: 6395: 6393: 6344: 4454:

of 1894. However, slavery did not completely disappear in Korea until 1930, during Imperial Japanese rule. During the

2498:

to the condition of some or all human-owned animals, arguing that their status is comparable to that of human slaves.

2374:. As slavery has been legally outlawed in all countries, forced labour in the present day (frequently referred to as " 32570: 32421: 32146: 31964: 31912: 31463: 30926: 30636: 30320: 30031: 29914: 29757: 28805: 27980: 27768: 27736: 26501: 26289: 26272: 25734: 24570: 24401: 23897: 23875: 23563: 23523: 19612: 18784: 16833: 16291: 15337: 14968: 14534:

26, no. 1 (1936):; D.G.E. Hall, "The Daghregister of Batavia and Dutch Trade with Burma in the Seventeenth Century,"

11954: 11910: 9398: 9193: 9168: 9080: 8814: 8378: 8198: 6416: 5714: 5187:, both those considered undesirable and citizens of conquered countries, with the avowed intention of treating these 4993: 4003: 2421:

than any other category of child labour, often sent to cities by parents living in rural poverty as with the Haitian

2417:

estimated that 200,000 to 300,000 children served as soldiers in then-current conflicts. More girls under 16 work as

1534: 1411: 835: 604: 471: 18027: 17335:

Quackenbush, Casey (December 1, 2017). "The Libyan Slave Trade Has Shocked the World. Here's What You Should Know".

16419:... the shepherd of the oppressed and of the slaves ... If any one buy from the son or the slave of another man 11971:

Galenson, David W. (March 1984). "The Rise and Fall of Indentured Servitude in the Americas: An Economic Analysis".

11240:

Baepler, B. (January 1999). "White Slaves, African Masters: An Anthology of American Barbary Captivity Narratives".

11025:"Revisiting the Zanj and Re-Visioning Revolt: Complexities of the Zanj Conflict – 868–883 AD – slave revolt in Iraq" 10949:""Freedom is a good thing but it means a dearth of slaves": Twentieth Century Solutions to the Abolition of Slavery" 10306: 6391: 6386: 6348: 4327:

of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands, or Africans, or both) were also purchased as slaves in the Tang dynasty.

3065:

situated in present-day Iraq, is believed to have involved enslaved Zanj that had originally been captured from the

32130: 31287: 30471: 30192: 30165: 29779: 28790: 26482: 26238: 26207: 26103: 25307: 25144: 25044: 24501: 24391: 23611: 23382: 21412: 21321: 21174:

Burczak, Theodore (June 2001). "Ellerman's Labor Theory of Property and the Injustice of Capitalist Exploitation".

19040: 16410: 15114: 9337: 8677: 6890:, the nation's first president of African descent. Some of President Obama's ancestors may have been slave owners. 6371: 6334: 6092: 5591: 5358: 5354: 4975:

brought large numbers of slaves into the Islamic world. To staff its bureaucracy, the Ottoman Empire established a

4787:

repeatedly prohibited it, or at least the export of Christian slaves to non-Christian lands, as for example at the

4467: 4053: 3490: 3062: 3050: 2894: 2816:

Corinthian black-figure terra-cotta votive tablet of slaves working in a mine, dated to the late seventh century BC

2764:

was common in the Southern United States where the state would lease prisoners for their free labour to companies.

1665: 875: 860: 806: 491: 481: 476: 305: 161: 16980: 14550:

Jan Company in Coromandel, 1605–1690: A Study on the Interrelations of European Commerce and Traditional Economies

11042: 6526:

went into effect on January 1, 1808, the importation of slaves into the United States was prohibited, but not the

6428: 6413: 6392: 6377: 6373: 6346: 6335: 5602:

still provided enslaved people from Africa to the Arabian Peninsula after World War II. As recently as the 1960s,

1381: 34580: 32584: 32577: 32309: 31921: 28800: 27880: 26190: 24897: 24408: 24170: 23973: 23553: 23115: 21096: 20511: 20204: 17153: 17104: 16614: 15605: 11973: 10036: 9991: 7353: 6944: 6729:

No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

6710: 6418: 6403: 6218: 6112: 5783: 5362: 4760: 4274: 4151:

paid inmates an average of $ 0.90 per hour in 2017. Inmates who refuse to work may be indefinitely remanded into

3030: 2501:

The labour market, as institutionalized under contemporary capitalist systems, has been criticized by mainstream

2230: 1660: 1431: 237: 16015: 15946:"Slaves, Money Lenders, and Prisoner Guards:The Jews and the Trade in Slaves and Captivesin the Crimean Khanate" 11302: 9632: 6437: 6406: 6405: 6396: 6372: 6365: 6336: 2772:

Depending upon the era and the country, slaves sometimes had a limited set of legal rights. For example, in the

2707:

were women from low castes in pre modern Korea, who were owned by the state under government officials known as

2463:

is often used as a pejorative to describe any activity in which one is coerced into performing. Some argue that

33803: 33499: 32500: 30134: 29769: 28810: 28573: 27945: 27897: 27163: 27111: 26900: 26797: 26553: 26362: 26219: 24033: 23595: 21997: 21972: 19579: 18304:

1804: With passage of the law excerpted here, New Jersey became the last state in the North to abolish slavery.

17858:"Greenpeace Condemns Biden Administration's Top Tier Ranking of Taiwan in latest Trafficking in Persons Report" 17738: 14977: 13962: 13259: 13221: 13147: 11794: 11646: 11297: 8767:(1970). "Zur Etymologie des Wortes 'Slavus' (Sklave)" [On the etymology of the word 'Slavus' (slave)]. 6542:, a series of political and armed disputes in 1854–1858 as to whether Kansas would join the United States as a 6389: 6384: 6342: 6329: 6181: 5619: 3153:, an eye-witness, believed that for every slave who arrived at a market three or four died on the way ... 1130: 1118: 698: 510: 156: 24175: 19706: 19093:"Watch Gaddafi apologize on behalf of Arabs for their cruel treatment of Africans during the Arab slave trade" 18869: 15684: 11578: 11267: 6769:, the Anti-Slavery Society, and the Norwegian Anti-Slavery Society continue to campaign to eliminate slavery. 6407: 6390: 6387: 6358: 6352: 2968:, sometimes known as the east African slave trade, was multi-directional. Africans were sent as slaves to the 35373: 35162: 32044: 31028: 30991: 30891: 30822: 30808: 30552: 30486: 30062: 29834: 29829: 29313: 28661: 28553: 27965: 27513: 25576: 25292: 24013: 23443: 23270: 23175: 23059: 22926: 22761: 22338: 20962: 20937: 19145: 18733: 17765: 11674: 11128:

Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, The Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500–1800

9844: 8330:

Allain, Jean (2012). "The Legal Definition of Slavery into the Twenty-First Century". In Allain, Jean (ed.).

6932: 6447: 6383: 6189: 5398:), for example, prescribed death for anyone who helped a slave escape or who sheltered a fugitive. The Bible 5366: 5046: 4773: 4105: 4015: 3428: 3119: 2301:

refers to a marriage where a girl, usually, is married off to a man to settle debts owed by her parents. The

2254: 1847: 1702: 1485: 346: 38: 17261: 6415: 6374: 6339: 5653:

has also provided an estimate of 28.4 million slaves at the end of 2006 divided into three categories:

3080:

The Zanj who were taken as slaves to the Middle East were often used in strenuous agricultural work. As the

2554:

Slavery is more common when the tasks are relatively simple and thus easy to supervise, such as large-scale

2111:

because the term is familiar and shorter, or because it accurately reflects the inhumanity of slavery, with

35603: 32288: 30921: 30057: 29891: 29856: 29807: 29531: 28742: 27915: 26966: 26837: 26432: 26294: 26284: 26277: 26081: 24855: 24803: 23784: 23754: 23603: 23558: 23224: 22915: 22822: 22719: 21504: 14675:. Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements Series (2 ed.). Lanham, Maryland: 11161:"When Europeans Were Slaves: Research Suggests White Slavery Was Much More Common Than Previously Believed" 10445: 9274:

Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. USA: AltaMira Press.

8269: 6882:

passed a resolution apologizing for American slavery and subsequent discriminatory laws. In June 2009, the

6655:, Wilberforce also campaigned for abolition of slavery in the British Empire, which he lived to see in the 6272: 5937: 3956: 3306: 2699:

Slaves have been owned privately by individuals but have also been under state ownership. For example, the

2632:

Even after slavery became a criminal offense, slave owners could get high returns. According to researcher

2226: 1707: 1551: 1421: 1082: 850: 830: 390: 358: 22495: 22271: 18572: 11068:

Kissling, H. J.; Spuler, Bertold; Barbour, N.; Trimingham, J. S.; Braun, H.; Hartel, H. (August 1, 1997).

6417: 5519:

between 1800 and 1909. In 1908, women slaves were still sold in the Ottoman Empire. German orientalist,

4233:. Slavery was employed largely by governments as a means of maintaining a public labour force. Until the 2418: 2174:, where it was considered a keystone of society. Other places where it was extensively practiced include 77: 34490: 32777: 31489: 31312: 31267: 31195: 30842: 30456: 30011: 30001: 29868: 29076: 28727: 27940: 26663: 26573: 26309: 26125: 25699: 25487: 25339: 24758: 24359: 24305: 23655: 23627: 23528: 23374: 22730: 22035: 21778: 21012: 20906: 19989: 19671: 19425: 18503: 17966: 17487: 16779: 16645: 15882: 15517: 15368: 14110:

A China No Brasil: Influencias, Marcas, Ecos E Sobrevivencias Chinesas Na Sociedade E Na Arte Brasileiras

14037:

A China no Brasil: influências, marcas, ecos e sobrevivências chinesas na sociedade e na arte brasileiras

12663: 12583: 12174: 12156: 12085: 11444:

Lovejoy, Paul E. (1989). "The Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa: A Review of the Literature".

11245: 10671: 10480: 10389:(1969). "The Congo Free State and the Belgian Congo before 1914". In Gann, L. H.; Duignan, Peter (eds.). 10158: 8992: 8910:. Vol. 33. Prague: Academia, de l'Academie Tchecoslovaque des Sciences et Lettres. pp. 183–184. 7020: 6788: 6758: 6289: 5907: 5635: 5333:

Applebaum's introduction has been criticized by Gulag researcher Wilson Bell, stating that her book "is,

2375: 2238: 1880: 1767: 1717: 1441: 1359: 486: 267: 87: 17: 17396: 14910: 11425:

Snell, Daniel C. (2011). "Slavery in the Ancient Near East". In Keith Bradley and Paul Cartledge (ed.).

7012:. The revolt failed, and all the rebels were executed, but their spirit lived on according to the film. 6809:

serve as middlemen or roving bands warring with other African nations to capture Africans for Europeans.

6422: 6412: 6369: 6337: 4955: 3917:

Census, Haiti's population consisted of nearly 40,000 whites, 30,000 free coloureds and 450,000 slaves.

3816: 2909:. In the 1470s black Africans were painted as court attendants in wall paintings that were displayed in 35437: 35354: 33572: 33000: 32821: 32486: 32465: 32093: 31980: 31548: 31342: 31246: 31206: 30881: 30481: 30466: 30249: 29991: 29330: 28851: 28656: 28538: 28014: 27466: 27158: 27066: 26540: 26066: 25596: 24381: 24068: 23799: 23139: 22920: 22365: 21869: 20884: 20788: 20763: 20484: 20317: 20302: 20279: 20246: 20078: 19701: 19635: 19528:(1995). "Slave Trade in the Indian Ocean in the Seventeenth Century". In Mathew, Kuzhippalli S. (ed.). 18233: 18155: 15983: 15926: 15851: 15775: 15346: 15219: 15143: 14884: 14790: 13864: 13613: 12527: 12465: 11446: 11430: 10451: 10394: 10337: 10196: 9960: 9759: 8955: 8597: 6826: 6762: 6688: 6680: 6656: 6124: 5941: 5484: 4968: 4930: 4780: 4197: 4120: 4065: 3777:

on the island in 1492. The practice was devastating to the native population. Following the indigenous

3517: 3004:

and brought them to the coast. There, the slaves gradually assimilated in rural areas, particularly on

1626: 1478: 1463: 1354: 550: 220: 20509:

Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (1997). "Slaves and Tyrants: Dutch Tribulations in Seventeenth-Century Mrauk-U".

18949: 16666:. Vol. 2 (Agriculture). Translated by Schick, Robert. Ramallah: Dar Al Nasher. pp. 176–177. 16610:"Slave Trade in the Early Modern Crimea From the Perspective of Christian, Muslim, and Jewish Sources" 15601:"Slave Trade in the Early Modern Crimea From the Perspective of Christian, Muslim, and Jewish Sources" 12369: 10274:"Louis Dor (Saturday 30 April 2016) Kim Jong-un is recruiting a new 'pleasure squad' of teenage girls" 6747: 6651:

was passed by the British Parliament on March 25, 1807, making the slave trade illegal throughout the

5453:). These slaves were trafficked to the Arab world from Africa via the Trans-Saharan slave trade, the 4255:'s son Wang Huo murdered a slave, Wang Mang severely criticized him and forced him to commit suicide”( 3804: 2340:

A Black family works a cotton plantation in Mississippi. The subtitle says "We done dis' all mornin'".

34025: 33378: 33196: 33005: 32762: 32371: 32281: 32239: 31453: 31093: 30946: 30941: 30127: 30016: 29956: 28820: 28815: 28636: 28310: 28221: 28100: 26885: 26827: 26382: 26226: 24949: 24763: 24665: 24550: 24217: 24185: 23855: 23789: 23698: 23436: 23099: 23067: 22832: 21749: 21624: 21099: 21040: 20223: 19220:

D.W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation: A History of the Most Controversial Motion Picture of All Time

17685: 15922: 15744: 14245: 13388: 13066: 13035: 12401: 12362:"African Heritage and Memories of Slavery in Brazil and the South Atlantic World By Ana Lucia Araujo" 11466: 10249: 9217: 9136:

Burkholder, Mark A.; Johnson, Lyman L. (2019). "1. America, Iberia, and Africa Before the Conquest".

8711: 8621: 7736: 7240: 7210: 7029: 6982: 6971: 6821:

of Benin issued a national apology for the central role Africans played in the Atlantic slave trade.

6551: 6531: 6362: 5765: 5583: 5273: 4939: 4672: 4637: 4455: 4148: 4101: 3597: 3541: 2937: 2617: 2209: 2190: 2171: 1722: 1621: 1152: 1140: 730: 703: 208: 22610: 20469: 19261: 19203: 17993: 17886: 17719: 16837: 16557: 16372: 16313: 10562: 10532: 7032:

about the teaching of Christianity to slaves in Cuba, and emphasizes the role of ritual and revolt.

6534:

only in 1863. Many American abolitionists took an active role in opposing slavery by supporting the

6515: 5870:

trying to get to Europe through Libya and selling them on slave markets or holding them hostage for

5689:

asserts that new forms of contemporary slavery have been created in the post-Cold War era of global

5671:

society is traditionally hierarchical, ranging from nobles, through vassals, to dark-skinned slaves.

4947:

in Scotland, miners were bonded to their "maisters" by a 1606 Act "Anent Coalyers and Salters". The

3786: 3710: 3459: 3446:

conquest of the indigenous peoples in the Americas included using the Natives as forced labour. The

35593: 33728: 33649: 33579: 33020: 32933: 32748: 32706: 32659: 32332: 31776: 31582: 30996: 30720: 30431: 30170: 29961: 29951: 29308: 29120: 28825: 28795: 28486: 28288: 28047: 28004: 27970: 27471: 27461: 27143: 26931: 26842: 26807: 26752: 26638: 25999: 25209: 25097: 24944: 24713: 24650: 24478: 24433: 24295: 24180: 24162: 24098: 24028: 23912: 23147: 22792: 22331: 22074: 21458:

Remembering Slavery: African Americans Talk About Their Personal Experiences of Slavery and Freedom

21437: 20757: 20020: 19861: 19808:

A Look at the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments: Slavery Abolished, Equal Protection Established

17662:. United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. February 17, 2014. p. 365. 16468: 16371:

Barenberg, Alan; Bell, Wilson T.; Kinnear, Sean; Maddox, Steven; Viola, Lynne (November 14, 2017).

16011: 12945: 12506: 11586: 11190: 10921: 10641: 9419: 9367: 8103: 7385: 6640: 5582:

to Arabia and Aden, while weak slaves being thrown in the sea; or across the Sahara desert via the

5575: 5462: 5049:, Portugal, in 1191, took 3,000 Christian slaves. From the 11th to the 19th century, North African 5022: 4985: 4934: 4792: 4650: 4559: 4308: 4128: 3046: 2965: 2615:

and the end of slavery, and Smith's criticism of masters, past and present. As Smith stated in the

2408: 2213: 1928: 1830:. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people 1502: 1371: 924: 713: 198: 99: 22587: 21479:

Slavery by Another Name: The re-enslavement of black americans from the civil war to World War Two

19552:

Ceylon and the Dutch: 1600-1800: External Influences and Internal Change in Early Modern Sri Lanka

18679: 17286:

Xu, Vicky Xiuzhong; Cave, Danielle; Leiboid, James; Munro, Kelsey; Ruser, Nathan (February 2020).

8890: 5337:, a well-done overview of the Gulag, but it did not offer an interpretative framework much beyond 3352:. Slave-owning people of what became Canada were, for example, the fishing societies, such as the 1826:. Slaves may be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be 378: 35613: 35466: 35422: 35068: 33895: 33723: 33584: 32591: 32514: 32430: 32267: 32079: 31651: 31429: 31221: 30876: 30547: 30108: 30006: 29941: 28752: 28631: 28533: 28471: 28283: 27910: 27797: 27731: 27644: 26548: 26472: 26392: 26197: 26137: 26115: 25842: 25663: 25492: 25472: 25334: 25324: 25282: 24912: 24753: 24615: 24585: 24580: 24523: 24458: 24443: 24376: 24349: 24334: 23747: 23017: 22941: 22863: 22746: 22398: 22263:

Archives of the Middelburgsche Commercie Compagnie (MCC), 1720–1889 'Trade Company of Middelburg'

22240: 21894: 21714: 21700: 21086: 20987: 20813: 20738: 20710: 20566: 20164: 20030: 19968: 19677: 19652: 19290: 19224: 19007: 17934: 17733: 15813: 15395: 15364: 14676: 14645: 13824: 13779: 13355: 12876: 12313: 11678: 10524: 9307:

Cite error: The named reference "BBC" was defined multiple times with different content (see the

9141: 8997: 8337: 8095: 7402: 6907: 6841: 6776: 6550:, beginning in 1861, led to the end of slavery in the United States. In 1863, Lincoln issued the 6277: 6262: 5863: 5631: 5627: 5603: 5249: 5015: 4895:

respectively. The trade particularly picked up after the Viking invasions, with major markets at

4683:

had the largest slave population, with as many as 80,000 in the 6th and 5th centuries BC. As the

4641: 4387: 4216: 4160: 4156: 4007: 3345: 2657: 2250: 2167: 1687: 1426: 1376: 1304: 1077: 855: 799: 782: 213: 24560: 19423:

Berlin, Ira (2004). "American Slavery in History and Memory and the Search for Social Justice".

18087: 17660:

Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

14821: 7875: 4903:

supplied by Danish, Mercian, and Welsh raiding of one another's borderlands. At the time of the

4795:(which aimed mainly at the sale of English slaves to Ireland) and the Council of Armagh (1171). 3823:, carried out by Haitian soldiers, mostly former slaves, against the remaining French population 3524:, as the result of a civil case. This was the first instance of a judicial determination in the 3497:

and his associates, though English slave-trading would not take off until the mid-17th century.

3238:

caravan route, and eleven to twenty million (depending on the author) across the Atlantic Ocean.

35509: 35167: 34850: 34714: 33971: 33699: 33639: 33609: 33318: 33186: 33179: 33174: 32710: 32507: 32197: 31905: 31878: 31751: 31603: 31482: 31347: 31142: 30901: 30377: 30325: 30315: 30303: 29966: 29595: 29337: 28606: 28558: 28528: 28365: 28333: 28323: 28140: 28125: 28105: 27987: 27758: 27753: 27028: 26578: 26563: 26357: 26260: 26180: 26009: 25950: 25852: 25749: 25692: 25591: 25564: 25554: 25034: 25014: 24877: 24748: 24645: 24595: 24565: 24545: 24473: 24453: 24428: 24423: 24418: 24329: 24300: 24273: 24249: 24244: 23840: 23830: 23648: 23640: 23401: 23318: 22807: 22635: 22518: 22501: 22422: 22213: 22185: 21616: 18134: 17235: 16801: 15175: 15092: 12431: 12262: 8924:"Slave or Enslaved Person? It's not just an academic debate for historians of American slavery" 8515: 8362: 7705: 6921: 6796: 6585: 6247: 6139: 5791: 5488: 5338: 5263: 4972: 4944: 4664: 4590: 4061: 4049: 3886: 3794: 3704: 3638: 3569:(Spanish Black Code), that specified food and clothing provisions, put limits on the number of 3188: 2867: 2866:

Slavery was widespread in Africa, which pursued both internal and external slave trade. In the

2777: 1760: 1729: 1234: 975: 887: 735: 459: 425: 420: 31: 21772: 21498: 21092:

Children of Bondage: A Social History of the Slave Society at the Cape of Good Hope, 1652–1838

20478: 19806: 19119:"Brattle Consultants Quantify Reparations for Transatlantic Chattel Slavery in Pro Bono Paper" 18753: 18261: 18112: 17074:"'Modern-day slavery': State Dept. says millions of human trafficking victims go unidentified" 16738: 16033: 15876: 15769: 15255: 15137: 14561:

For exports of Malabar slaves to Ceylon, Batavia, see Generale Missiven VI; H.K. s'Jacob ed.,

14462: 14340: 14239: 13918: 13868: 13818: 13773: 13728: 13607: 13539: 13469: 13253: 12998: 12842: 12657: 12124: 12059: 11861: 11389: 11096: 11069: 10981: 10847: 10666: 10190: 9735: 9458:

Farazmand, Ali (1998). "Persian/Iranian Administrative Tradition". In Shafritz, Jay M. (ed.).

9005: 8949: 5989:

women and girls, and up to 50% are minors, reports the U.S. State Department in a 2008 study.

3670:, as they were made up of slaves from different African ethnicities. These tribes include the 35417: 35241: 35058: 34771: 34229: 34085: 33758: 33753: 33442: 33351: 33268: 33251: 33231: 33082: 32940: 32918: 32720: 32493: 32444: 32295: 32065: 31399: 31324: 31231: 31147: 31132: 31086: 31081: 30956: 30596: 30523: 30518: 30389: 30232: 30179: 30021: 29996: 29986: 29976: 29971: 29824: 28892: 28844: 28548: 28543: 28481: 28426: 28375: 27997: 27528: 27501: 27173: 27101: 26890: 26698: 26688: 26653: 26412: 26304: 26299: 26214: 26175: 25982: 25977: 25559: 25519: 25452: 25349: 25297: 25224: 24979: 24743: 24655: 24630: 24625: 24610: 24605: 24600: 24540: 24488: 24448: 24354: 24324: 24227: 23850: 23350: 23286: 22899: 22873: 22771: 22535: 22470: 22392: 22276: 22209: 20580: 20072: 19981: 19775: 19746: 19315: 19284: 18287: 18053: 17627: 17010: 15659:"Ransoming Captives in Crusader Spain: The Order of Merced on the Christian-Islamic Frontier" 15511: 15340: 15297: 15261: 15213: 15039: 14878: 14784: 14639: 14277: 14114:

China in Brazil: Influences, Marks, Echoes and Chinese Survivals in Brazilian Society and Art

13956: 13814: 13769: 13349: 13215: 13141: 13090: 13060: 13029: 12722: 12577: 12521: 12395: 11693: 11640: 11613: 11513: 11486: 10766: 10152: 9781: 8442: 8274: 7962: 7644: 7507: 7491: 7080: 6995: 6977: 6965: 6543: 5895: 5854:

have each sourced products from these factories prior to the publication of the ASPI report.

5680: 5399: 5268: 5134: 4914: 4645: 4185: 4032: 3984: 3855: 3801:) was based on slavery, and the practice there was regarded as the most brutal in the world. 3212: 3168:

Systems of servitude and slavery were common in parts of Africa, as they were in much of the

2448: 2434: 2329:

has also been used to refer to a legal state of dependency to somebody else. For example, in

2306: 2269: 2103: 1990:

According to the widespread view, which has been known since the 18th century, the Byzantine

1596: 1451: 1364: 1349: 1031: 1019: 765: 750: 535: 310: 232: 203: 21704: 20024: 18813: 16867: 15807: 12630: 7697: 7392: 6775:

has been working to break the silence surrounding the memory of slavery since 1994, through

6666:

to follow suit, notably France and the British colonies. Between 1808 and 1860, the British

4879:

In Britain, slavery continued to be practiced following the fall of Rome, while sections of

3732:

was established in 1532, as members of one tribe would enslave captured members of another.

2924: 2464: 35329: 35256: 34689: 34637: 34431: 34209: 33885: 33850: 33689: 33273: 33256: 33137: 33112: 33010: 32861: 32831: 32816: 32410: 32169: 32058: 31730: 31357: 31137: 30936: 30686: 30082: 30077: 29981: 29851: 29802: 29196: 29162: 29147: 28983: 28930: 28616: 28392: 28345: 28165: 28160: 27935: 27930: 27905: 27845: 27689: 27669: 27621: 27491: 27406: 27244: 26817: 26777: 26658: 26367: 26233: 25877: 25814: 25784: 25769: 25754: 25430: 24964: 24838: 24555: 24513: 24463: 24438: 24259: 24222: 23963: 23825: 23548: 23538: 23200: 23091: 22984: 22786: 22251: 21030: 19943: 19910:"Out of the Land of Bondage": The English Revolution and the Atlantic Origins of Abolition" 19165: 19036: 18356: 17599: 17374: 16436: 15437: 14856: 13810: 13765: 12726: 12391: 11931: 11748:

Ames, Kenneth M. (June 2001). "Slaves, Chiefs and Labour on the Northern Northwest Coast".

9811: 8284: 8139: 7952: 6818: 6800: 6739: 6667: 6648: 6535: 6119: 5744: 5615: 5511:

the Empire from Europe and Africa. It has been estimated that some 200,000 slaves – mainly

5474: 5376: 4926: 4575: 4152: 4136: 4037: 3988: 3910: 3894: 3774: 3617: 3405: 3282: 3205: 3177: 3141: 2841: 2807: 2773: 2608: 2205: 2139: 1734: 1638: 1601: 1529: 1473: 1342: 1299: 1113: 1043: 718: 498: 400: 284: 191: 45: 35038: 18896: 18506:

on behalf of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History: 144–153.

18317: 16737:

Veenhoven, Willem Adriaan; Ewing, Winifred Crum; Samenlevingen, Stichting Plurale (1975).

11517: 10109: 5087:

with the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East. The slaves were captured in southern Russia,

3793:

the indigenous people, began engaging in earnest in the use of African slaves. During the

8: 35598: 35222: 35147: 34835: 34684: 34647: 34246: 34214: 34102: 33912: 33798: 33694: 33629: 33567: 33529: 33435: 33383: 33356: 33147: 33127: 32995: 32980: 32841: 32725: 32652: 32346: 32086: 31115: 31106: 31071: 30847: 30476: 30281: 29466: 29271: 29246: 29226: 29130: 28521: 28516: 28454: 28402: 28120: 28088: 28078: 27960: 27950: 27481: 27476: 27297: 27277: 27198: 27118: 27096: 27076: 26924: 26867: 26588: 26583: 26558: 26387: 26142: 26021: 25774: 25606: 25467: 25102: 25004: 24984: 24773: 24681: 24640: 24620: 24590: 24483: 24278: 24093: 23543: 23155: 22946: 22853: 22735: 22694: 22689: 22582: 22176: 21947: 21058: 20363: 20335: 20187: 20053: 19853: 19644: 18464: 16165:

Kleine Ostarbeiter: Child Forced Labor in Nazi Germany and German Occupied Eastern Europe

16000: 14863: 14526:(Princeton, N.J., 1984); G.D. Winius, "The 'Shadow Empire' of Goa in the Bay of Bengal," 13734: 12687: 11253: 10917:"Slow Death for Slavery: The Course of Abolition in Northern Nigeria, 1897–1936 (review)" 10740: 10131: 9938: 9787: 8299: 8255: 7919: 7886: 7796: 7600: 6857: 6636: 6610: 6487: 5993: 5737: 5599: 5579: 5547: 5507: 5478: 5466: 5458: 5165: 5067: 5054: 5026: 4929:, although slavery remained legal in possessions outside Europe until the passage of the 4822:

bull of 1455. Large-scale trading in slaves was mainly confined to the South and East of

4756: 4752: 4579: 4042: 4021: 3980: 3820: 3626: 3586: 3235: 3104: 3066: 2981: 2961: 2820:

Slavery predates written records and has existed in many cultures. Slavery is rare among

2546:) appear and disappear. One theoretical model is that slavery becomes more desirable for 2506: 2333:, the situations and lives of such slaves could be better than those of common citizens. 2217: 1222: 1202: 1087: 1072: 941: 912: 902: 792: 740: 708: 505: 363: 331: 326: 279: 136: 30264: 18704: 17829: 14610:"Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand: Archival Anecdotes and Village Voices" 10577: 6662:

After the 1807 act abolishing the slave trade was passed, these campaigners switched to

6510:

sparked a discussion about the right to enslave Native Americans. A prominent critic of

4623:

occurred on islands in the Pacific Ocean and Australia, especially in the 19th century.

3928:

in human history, precipitated the end of slavery in all French colonies, which came in

3172:. In many African societies where slavery was prevalent, the slaves were not treated as 3073:. It grew to involve over 500,000 slaves and free men who were imported from across the 2652: 35533: 35432: 34585: 34458: 34366: 34287: 33907: 33669: 33654: 33216: 33201: 33122: 33107: 32558: 32458: 32451: 32353: 32116: 31665: 31658: 31596: 31389: 31272: 31038: 31001: 30961: 30896: 30611: 29623: 29605: 29600: 29588: 29422: 29241: 29221: 29191: 28973: 28945: 28621: 28585: 28449: 28338: 28318: 28191: 28155: 28042: 28024: 27955: 27591: 27451: 27431: 27386: 27287: 27272: 26905: 26782: 26708: 26603: 26417: 26397: 26056: 25987: 25955: 25922: 25912: 25794: 25379: 25374: 25364: 25312: 25302: 25277: 25219: 25177: 25087: 25082: 25077: 24989: 24290: 23497: 22776: 22547: 22446: 21595: 21546: 21359: 21307: 21299: 21282:

Pole, J. R. (June 1977). "Review: Slavery and Revolution: The Conscience of the Rich".

21249: 21228: 21199: 21191: 21162: 20457: 20431: 20391: 20135: 19896: 19892: 19442: 19405: 19343: 19191: 18523: 18515: 18476: 18472: 18437: 18322: 17707: 17370: 17057: 16984: 16950: 16392: 16337: 16301: 16067: 15919:

The Mutual Effects of the Islamic and Judeo-Christian Worlds: The East European Pattern

15314: 14989: 14739: 14441: 14433: 14201: 12927: 12255: 11998: 11990: 11771: 11763: 11723: 11522: 11132: 10814: 10610: 10550: 10414: 10061: 10053: 10016: 10008: 9528: 9115: 9045: 8776: 8415: 6917: 6792: 6703: 6663: 6627:

and other leading members of London's black community. It was closely connected to the

6547: 6231: 6226: 6097: 5921: 5827: 5676: 5563: 5555: 5470: 5422: 4922: 4888: 4769: 4748: 4700: 4555: 4547: 4184:, 2,500 incarcerated workers fought wildfires for only $ 1 per hour through the CDCR's 4109: 4077: 3964: 3949: 3921: 3537: 3502: 3419: 3415: 3081: 2964:, slaves were transported from Africa across the Red Sea to the Arabian Peninsula. The 2801: 2567: 2472: 2467:

and other forms of coerced government labour constitute "state-operated slavery." Some

2414: 1468: 1314: 1289: 1279: 1244: 1239: 1207: 1172: 1165: 1106: 1099: 956: 775: 770: 760: 530: 383: 341: 336: 289: 257: 247: 184: 30244: 23023: 22428: 18381:

The Abolitions of Slavery: From L. F. Sonthonax to Victor Schoelcher, 1793, 1794, 1848

17905:"Swaziland: Students in Taiwan Forced to Work 'Like Slaves' in Frozen Chicken Factory" 16860:"Inaugural Global Slavery Index Reveals More Than 29 Million People Living In Slavery" 11879: 4372: 3528:

holding that a person who had committed no crime could be held in servitude for life.

3087: 2583:

and later in Rome – was not applied to ease physical labour or improve manufacturing.

405: 351: 35543: 35499: 35480: 34930: 34870: 34568: 34441: 34436: 34030: 33830: 33820: 33773: 33447: 33261: 33117: 33052: 32945: 32846: 32735: 32730: 32715: 32551: 32528: 32317: 32302: 32274: 32260: 31973: 31836: 31534: 31352: 31292: 31152: 31018: 30886: 30777: 30533: 30508: 29628: 29546: 29283: 29236: 29174: 29003: 28732: 28712: 28444: 28409: 28241: 28135: 28115: 28034: 27887: 27822: 27496: 27446: 27421: 27381: 27376: 27307: 27153: 26812: 26772: 26725: 26673: 26598: 26076: 26041: 26031: 25992: 25932: 25882: 25804: 25789: 25759: 25638: 25549: 25477: 25462: 25261: 25204: 25009: 24917: 24808: 24728: 24575: 23880: 23409: 22995: 22879: 22592: 22257:

Mémoire St Barth (archives & history of slavery, slave trade and their abolition)

22147: 22121: 22100: 22064: 22025: 22001: 21976: 21951: 21926: 21898: 21873: 21850: 21842: 21832: 21782: 21753: 21728: 21686: 21661: 21634: 21587: 21556: 21532: 21508: 21483: 21462: 21441: 21416: 21388: 21378: 21363: 21311: 21203: 21166: 21124: 21103: 21072: 21044: 21016: 20991: 20966: 20941: 20912: 20888: 20863: 20838: 20817: 20792: 20767: 20742: 20728: 20714: 20700: 20688: 20680: 20670: 20631: 20570: 20545: 20528: 20488: 20445: 20435: 20405: 20377: 20349: 20339: 20321: 20283: 20258: 20227: 20168: 20139: 20127: 20082: 20057: 20034: 19993: 19947: 19900: 19865: 19839: 19816: 19812: 19779: 19769: 19750: 19721: 19681: 19618: 19608: 19583: 19555: 19533: 19335: 19294: 19228: 19177: 19072: 18790: 18780: 18548: 18527: 18385: 18327: 18293: 18237: 18209: 17016: 17006: 16955: 16927:"Mali's Other Crisis: Slavery Still Plagues Mali, And Insurgency Could Make It Worse" 16905: 16748: 16667: 16524: 16448: 16444: 16396: 16163: 16039: 16005:"The Sultan's Raiders: The Military Role of the Crimean Tatars in the Ottoman Empire" 15886: 15855: 15817: 15779: 15748: 15705: 15637: 15546: 15521: 15399: 15319: 15265: 15223: 15185: 15147: 15045: 15015: 14946: 14921: 14888: 14794: 14743: 14731: 14680: 14649: 14445: 14382: 14350: 14319: 14287: 14249: 14224: 14154: 14144: 14117: 14072: 14040: 14004: 13966: 13928: 13872: 13857: 13828: 13783: 13738: 13707: 13617: 13583: 13549: 13479: 13437: 13433: 13359: 13263: 13225: 13195: 13151: 13102: 13070: 13039: 13008: 12931: 12919: 12852: 12708:

Based on "records for 27,233 voyages that set out to obtain slaves for the Americas".

12697: 12691: 12667: 12636: 12587: 12531: 12469: 12405: 12266: 12233: 12205: 12093: 12065: 12002: 11950: 11906: 11798: 11775: 11750: 11703: 11650: 11619: 11527: 11395: 11200: 11136: 11102: 11075: 10991: 10896: 10853: 10826: 10772: 10744: 10645: 10536: 10501: 10455: 10419: 10253: 10200: 10162: 10065: 10020: 9863: 9791: 9423: 9394: 9221: 9189: 9164: 9098: 9076: 9009: 8959: 8880: 8846: 8810: 8733: 8659: 8452: 8374: 8341: 8155: 8061: 7840: 7413: 7313: 7116: 7009: 6987: 6695: 6102: 5980: 5718: 5694: 5686: 5388: 5387:

In the earliest known records, slavery is treated as an established institution. The

5146: 5142: 4823: 4704: 4571: 4446: 4438: 4112:, with slavery legally ceasing as an institution following the war in December 1865. 3976: 3960: 3836: 3828: 3782: 3725: 3695: 3660:(literally meaning "brown negroes", that is "pale-skinned negroes"), and in Dutch as 3525: 3341: 3302: 3226:(from the ninth to the nineteenth).... Four million enslaved people exported via the 3162: 3154: 2969: 2953: 2861: 2849: 2833: 2624: 2611:, or what Comte called the "separation of the spiritual and the temporal" during the 2356: 2330: 2222: 2194: 2163: 1912: 1862: 1831: 1556: 1274: 1269: 1212: 1197: 1177: 999: 994: 929: 892: 725: 691: 520: 373: 262: 141: 30557: 21865:

Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment

18844: 18544:

Though the Heavens May Fall: The Landmark Trial that Led to the End of Human Slavery

11553: 9961:"Constitution Society – Advocates and enforcers of the U.S. and State Constitutions" 5042: 3145: 2542:

Economists have modeled the circumstances under which slavery (and variants such as

2525:. Socialists draw parallels between the trade of labour as a commodity and slavery. 35588: 35451: 35231: 35105: 35005: 34985: 34880: 34860: 34825: 34119: 34037: 33878: 33855: 33793: 33599: 33594: 33557: 33308: 33241: 33206: 33152: 33035: 32985: 32913: 32851: 32472: 32437: 32183: 32162: 32051: 32010: 31700: 31125: 30794: 30747: 30715: 30641: 30579: 30562: 30528: 30461: 30426: 30421: 30399: 30394: 30330: 30308: 30212: 30187: 30150: 30072: 29946: 29846: 29676: 29484: 29374: 29325: 29298: 29051: 29046: 28899: 28702: 28491: 28459: 28419: 28414: 28211: 28201: 28019: 27850: 27807: 27780: 27775: 27629: 27596: 27586: 27436: 27364: 27168: 27106: 27086: 27071: 26802: 26718: 26683: 26170: 26147: 26130: 26120: 26098: 26061: 26051: 26036: 26026: 25945: 25940: 25917: 25907: 25601: 25586: 25514: 25435: 25405: 25236: 25072: 24778: 24344: 24339: 24190: 24088: 23208: 22963: 22654: 22489: 22286: 21824: 21579: 21522: 21351: 21330: 21291: 21270: 21220: 21183: 21154: 20859: 20662: 20520: 20250: 20119: 20104: 19921: 19888: 19765: 19736: 19434: 19397: 19327: 19169: 18507: 18468: 18429: 18205: 17930:"Exploitation cases of Sri Lankan students in Taiwan expose education sector flaws" 17835: 16744: 16623: 16440: 16384: 15957: 15614: 15309: 14981: 14723: 14425: 13187: 12911: 12848: 12784: 12557: 11982: 11755: 11249: 10987: 10736: 10726: 10528: 10045: 10000: 9853: 9741: 9107: 9001: 8649: 8108: 8053: 7932: 7927: 7566: 7336: 7269: 7218: 7168: 7126: 7002: 6955: 5867: 5799: 5726: 5559: 5539: 5240: 5180: 5050: 4996:, the goal of which was to loot and capture slaves for selling them to Ottomans as 4827: 4817: 4680: 4676: 4659: 4597:

were slaves. Enslaved people made up about two-thirds of the population in part of

4551: 4532: 4528: 4516: 4383: 4282: 4224: 4215:

recording the purchase of a 15-year-old slave for six bolts of plain silk and five

3995: 3770: 3450:

were the first Europeans to use African slaves in the New World on islands such as

3369: 3150: 3035: 2781: 2753: 2258: 2246: 2175: 1746: 1324: 1319: 1309: 1284: 1249: 1217: 1187: 1060: 1048: 1026: 1004: 951: 787: 755: 57: 31050: 21943:

Towards a Comparative Political Economy of Unfree Labour: Case Studies and Debates

20956: 19742:

Women and Slavery: Africa, the Indian Ocean world, and the medieval north Atlantic

18734:"Pope Francis And Other Religious Leaders Sign Declaration Against Modern Slavery" 17914: 16388: 15542: 13904:

Reflections on Modern Japanese History in the Context of the Concept of "genocide"

13639:"The rarely, if ever, told story of Japanese sold as slaves by Portuguese traders" 12770: 11695:

Race and Ethnicity in America: From Pre-contact to the Present [4 volumes]

11164: 5644:

Modern incidence of slavery, as a percentage of the population, by country (2024).

5606:

was estimated at 300,000. Along with Yemen, the Saudis abolished slavery in 1962.

5527:, belonging to Ottoman Syria, in 1899, and that boys could be bought as slaves in 5053:

engaged in raids on European coastal towns to capture Christian slaves to sell at

3959:

was the legal institution of human chattel enslavement, primarily of Africans and

3940: 3666:. The Maroons gradually developed several independent tribes through a process of 3620:

and native American slaves providing little of the workforce. The introduction of

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Death By Fishing: How Taiwan's Seafood Got Tainted With Blood | CNA Correspondent

17417: 17352: 16605: 16583: 15941: 15845: 15738: 15699: 15596: 15419: 14852: 14670: 14138: 13994: 13577: 13427: 13392: 13098: 13004: 12459: 11126: 10886: 10731: 10695: 9815: 8929: 8866: 8794: 8736:(1981). "Самое последнее слово цивилизации". In В. Г. Базанов и др., ИРЛИ (ed.). 8707: 8448: 8370: 8331: 8294: 8168: 8145: 8001: 7303: 7176: 7134: 6894: 6867: 6864: 6766: 6743: 6632: 6624: 6620: 6574: 6539: 6252: 6144: 6134: 6129: 5749: 5640: 5122: 5080: 5061: 5038: 5034: 4960: 4918: 4800: 4784: 4696: 4399: 4339: 4263: 4124: 4093: 3968: 3925: 3729: 3651: 3613: 3463: 3331: 3266: 3169: 2845: 2821: 2789: 2761: 2443: 2242: 2241:

in 1950–1951, legal chattel slavery still existed only in the Arabian Peninsula:

1961: 1924: 1920: 1655: 1546: 1541: 1294: 1264: 1259: 982: 946: 745: 663: 368: 114: 33644: 22307:; Office To Monitor And Combat Trafficking In Persons, U.S. Department of State. 22304: 22188:: a searchable database of 25,000 scholarly works on slavery and the slave trade 21342:

Woltjer, Geert (March 1996). "Book review: Property and Contract in Economics".

20584: 20026:

In the Matter of Color: Race and the American Legal Process: The Colonial Period

18922: 17622: 17538: 17461: 16687: 16107: 14727: 13730:

Race, Ethnicity and Migration in Modern Japan: Imagined and imaginary minorities

12036: 11350: 11324: 10955: 10800: 10080: 10034:

Domar, Evsey D. (March 1970). "The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom: A Hypothesis".

9654: 9287: 8638:"What Does the Slave Trade in the Saqaliba Tell Us about Early Islamic Slavery?" 7891: 5649:

Labour Organization provided an estimate of 12.3 million forced labourers.

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introduced a law preventing the sale of slaves overseas. According to historian

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and were required to provide entertainment to the aristocracy. In the 2020s, in

35608: 35548: 35476: 35363: 35281: 35172: 35015: 34950: 34915: 34905: 34495: 34263: 33956: 33946: 33733: 33704: 33659: 33298: 33226: 33191: 33015: 32928: 32856: 32836: 32826: 32253: 32232: 32100: 32028: 31864: 31857: 31850: 31790: 31737: 31419: 31404: 30916: 30906: 30864: 30832: 30827: 30767: 30671: 30616: 30606: 30567: 30409: 30404: 30293: 30202: 29774: 29718: 29557: 29514: 29442: 29186: 29157: 29082: 29036: 28978: 28935: 28747: 28496: 28397: 28350: 28052: 27865: 27860: 27855: 27711: 27639: 27396: 27354: 27038: 27006: 26822: 26747: 26703: 26439: 26093: 25962: 25611: 25569: 25539: 25529: 25447: 25440: 25425: 25415: 25251: 25187: 25129: 25124: 25109: 24892: 24887: 24882: 24768: 24703: 24232: 24205: 24058: 23770: 22989: 22969: 22956: 22894: 22858: 22781: 22699: 22616: 22553: 22416: 22410: 22057:

The Hidden Gulag: The Lives and Voices of "those Who Are Sent to the Mountains"

21828: 21820: 21657: 20666: 20658: 20219:

Beyond the Pass: Economy, Ethnieitya and Empire in Qing Central Asia, 1759-1564

19935: 19879:

Dobson, Miriam (October 2012). "Stalin's Gulag: Death, Redemption and Memory".

19645:"Research Guides: American Women: Resources from the Law Library: Introduction" 19547: 19525: 19513: 19173: 18425: 18257: 17127: 16806: 16627: 16327: 15618: 15139:

The Cambridge Economic History of Europe: Trade and industry in the Middle Ages

15065: 15035: 14917: 14761: 14116:] (in Portuguese). UNICAMP. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. p. 19. 10497: 10359: 9463: 9341: 8510: 8279: 8181: 8121: 8025: 7760: 7710: 7670: 7608: 7571: 7558: 7364: 7181: 7088: 7042: 6834: 6830: 6751: 6652: 6643:, to make the issue his own and was also given support by reformed Evangelical 6616: 6267: 6082: 6077: 6067: 5917: 5913: 5835: 5811: 5702: 5650: 5551: 5516: 5500: 5496: 5444: 5232: 5228: 5130: 5112: 4910: 4892: 4884: 4873: 4842: 4838: 4735: 4692: 4684: 4493: 4247: 4057: 3906: 3902: 3840: 3798: 3605: 3486: 3443: 3365: 3270: 3258: 3231: 3193: 3180:

elsewhere in the world. The forms of slavery in Africa were closely related to

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Devine, Pat (November 1, 1993). "Review: Property and Contract in Economics".

21187: 20369:

Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia

20123: 19964:

History of Black Americans: From Africa to the emergence of the cotton kingdom

17295: 14716:

Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Romanistische Abteilung

14429: 13175: 11986: 11759: 10049: 10004: 9901: 9183: 9111: 8654: 8637: 6975:(1939) became controversial because they gave a favourable depiction. In 1940 6474:

abolished slavery in 17 CE but the ban was overturned after his assassination.

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Chattel slavery lasted in most of the Middle East until the 20th-century. The

5309:

Historian Anne Applebaum writes in the introduction of her book that the word

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A model showing a cross-section of a typical 1700s European slave ship on the

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Selling Women: Prostitution, Markets, and the Household in Early Modern Japan

13191: 13171: 13106: 13062:

Code, Custom, and Legal Practice in China: The Qing and the Republic Compared

12923: 11862:"Sicut Dudem -Against the Enslavement of Black Natives of the Canary Islands" 11531: 11204: 10748: 10637: 10423: 10386: 9532: 8663: 8236: 8133: 8079: 8037: 7945: 7824: 7772: 7744: 7682: 7657: 7634: 7626: 7613: 7584: 7536: 7497: 7467: 7437: 7421: 7331: 7274: 7152: 7106: 6928: 6684: 6563: 6483: 5997: 5985: 5843: 5753: 5668: 5654: 5623: 5546:

A major center of slave trade to the Middle east was central Asia, where the

5520: 5411: 5403: 5380: 5189: 4989: 4905: 4788: 4460: 4278: 4230: 4164: 3979:, at the time of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. By the time of the 3867: 3790: 3718: 3675: 3494: 3391: 3311: 3254: 3129: 3074: 2985: 2918: 2883: 2734: 2604: 2576: 2491: 2398: 2350: 2302: 2291: 2094: 1900: 1874: 1870: 1839: 1677: 1606: 1053: 1036: 811: 641: 631: 415: 65: 22310: 20524: 19622: 18794: 18353:"Soldiers and Sailors Database – The Civil War (U.S. National Park Service)" 14158: 12436: 10632:

Bindman, David; Gates (Jr.), Henry Louis; Dalton, Karen C. C., eds. (2010).

9701: 8750: 2586: 35490: 35446: 35306: 35271: 35227: 35212: 35063: 34875: 34865: 34531: 34334: 34314: 34204: 34184: 33890: 33815: 33810: 33768: 33634: 33511: 33346: 33092: 32955: 32871: 32791: 32697: 32378: 32339: 32003: 31987: 31769: 31723: 31505: 31377: 31372: 31211: 30869: 30859: 30591: 30197: 29648: 29575: 29354: 29344: 29263: 29013: 28920: 28870: 28757: 28737: 28717: 28707: 28682: 28436: 28271: 28251: 28236: 28206: 28196: 27975: 27830: 27812: 27748: 27726: 27684: 27674: 27571: 27561: 27533: 27264: 27254: 27081: 27021: 26762: 26757: 26648: 26525: 26493: 26422: 26267: 25457: 25344: 25172: 25139: 25119: 25049: 25039: 25019: 24999: 24635: 24533: 24528: 24264: 24239: 24103: 24043: 24008: 23978: 23713: 23683: 23478: 23470: 22812: 22766: 22740: 22679: 22559: 21763: 21402: 21384:

The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism

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Mahon, Leah (August 2023). "£18 Trillion What Britain owes in reparation".

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The Comparative Histories of Slavery in Brazil, Cuba, and the United States

8775:(1/2). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG): 145–153. 8570: 8479: 8333:

The Legal Understanding of Slavery: From the Historical to the Contemporary

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of Ghana also apologized for his country's involvement in the slave trade.

6822: 6735: 6718: 6702:

in particular. In 1905, the French abolished indigenous slavery in most of

6546:. By 1860, the total number of slaves reached almost four million, and the 6257: 6062: 6009: 5839: 5725:, and Uzbekistan in the worst offenders category. Cuba, Iran, North Korea, 5658: 5224: 4831: 4809: 4731: 4715: 4620: 4598: 4520: 4442: 4331: 4320: 4312: 4267: 4212: 3809: 3781:'s near decimation from forced labour, disease and war, the Spanish, under 3667: 3609: 3361: 3223: 3133: 3009: 2973: 2949: 2875: 2757: 2742: 2591: 2555: 2510: 2484: 2404: 2382: 2371: 2367: 2314: 2281: 2186: 1916: 1843: 1682: 1519: 1495: 1401: 1394: 1125: 653: 626: 589: 567: 454: 171: 151: 129: 119: 109: 104: 94: 21570:

King, Richard H.; Genovese, Eugene (1977). "Marxism and the Slave South".

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Lutz, Mark A. (1995). "Book Reviews: Property and Contract in Economics".

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Peabody, Sue (1984). "Race, Slavery, and the Law in Early Modern France".

13961:. Vol. 21 of Asia: Local Studies / Global Themes. Matthew H. Sommer. 12915: 12873:"Slavery and forced labour in Ancient China and the Ancient Mediterranean" 11481: 8444:

Sociologists in Action on Inequalities: Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality

6538:. Violent clashes between anti-slavery and pro-slavery Americans included 6020: 5300:

Thoughtful and rigorous historical comparisons of Soviet forced labor and

4880: 4519:

was widespread by the 6th century BC, and perhaps even as far back as the

3458:. It was argued by some contemporary writers to be intrinsically immoral. 934: 35504: 35485: 35412: 35383: 35311: 35301: 35251: 35128: 35000: 34970: 34920: 34845: 34799: 34779: 34733: 34679: 34511: 34502: 34396: 34258: 34199: 34194: 34131: 34065: 34047: 33966: 33961: 33919: 33743: 33619: 33454: 33246: 33025: 32923: 32806: 32772: 32740: 32155: 32123: 31996: 31957: 31950: 31843: 31822: 31783: 31744: 31672: 31520: 31394: 31236: 31060: 31023: 31013: 30986: 30601: 30513: 30222: 29812: 29643: 29633: 29583: 29565: 29476: 29437: 29231: 29142: 29125: 28370: 28293: 28261: 27721: 27664: 27282: 27239: 27214: 27183: 27178: 27133: 27058: 27048: 27033: 26986: 26628: 26347: 26314: 25892: 25872: 25359: 25319: 25287: 25154: 25114: 24954: 24867: 24818: 24793: 24693: 24386: 24125: 24108: 24063: 23983: 23728: 23192: 22936: 22884: 22704: 22647: 22452: 22404: 22265:, Inventory of the archives of the Dutch slave trade across the Atlantic 22226: 21319:

Smith, Stephen C. (December 1994). "Property and Contract in Economics".

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Bartlett, Will (May 1994). "Review: Property and Contract in Economics".

19667: 19569: 19052: 17943: 17401: 14039:(in Portuguese). UNICAMP. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. p. 19. 13775:

Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience

12693:

Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience

11268:"History – British History in depth: British Slaves on the Barbary Coast" 10135: 9573: 9338:"Debt bondage remains the most prevalent form of forced labour worldwide" 8211: 8206: 8188: 8163: 8006: 7991: 7862: 7723: 7523: 7459: 6913: 6883: 6644: 6581: 6491: 6451: 6202: 5775: 5512: 5436: 5315:"the system of Soviet slave labor itself, in all its forms and varieties" 4976: 4858: 4719: 4655: 4451: 4361: 4316: 4304: 4266:(In most cases, lords were free to kill their slaves) in terms of slaves 4257: 4234: 4028: 3879: 3353: 3323: 3290: 3070: 2957: 2941: 2879: 2837: 2714: 2612: 2571: 2547: 2522: 2336: 2151: 1851: 1827: 1524: 1512: 865: 668: 658: 616: 430: 21433:

Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America

21195: 18480: 18441: 17317: 16414: 14530:

7, no. 2 (1983); D.G.E. Hall, "Studies in Dutch relations with Arakan,"

14437: 14414:"Hindus Beyond the Hindu Kush: Indians in the Central Asian Slave Trade" 14205: 10768:

Oriental influences in Swahili: a study in language and culture contacts

10477:

An Inquiry into the Law of Negro Slavery in the United States of America

9755: 9119: 8780: 5701:

and the use of forced labor in the exploitation of natural resources in

4980: 3882:, rather than allow their children to live within the bonds of slavery. 3474: 35471: 35461: 35456: 35359: 35266: 35184: 35124: 35120: 35053: 34965: 34960: 34945: 34890: 34830: 34738: 34642: 34632: 34622: 34607: 34411: 34401: 34275: 34270: 34159: 34136: 33998: 33976: 33835: 33674: 33589: 33562: 33544: 33484: 33459: 33393: 33373: 33278: 33236: 33221: 33211: 33097: 33047: 32990: 31943: 31871: 31707: 31693: 31679: 31644: 31541: 31362: 31033: 30973: 30691: 30298: 30286: 29658: 28998: 28580: 28387: 28300: 28278: 28246: 28145: 28130: 28110: 27875: 27840: 27802: 27716: 27679: 27611: 27606: 27601: 27566: 27523: 27508: 27486: 27411: 27249: 27229: 27148: 27016: 27011: 26981: 26947: 26633: 26243: 25897: 25887: 25824: 25633: 25628: 25509: 25504: 25400: 25384: 25241: 25134: 25092: 25054: 24862: 24850: 24823: 24813: 24733: 24152: 24147: 24118: 24053: 23902: 23703: 23693: 23417: 23366: 23302: 23029: 22904: 22817: 22801: 22709: 22458: 21745:

The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America

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The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America

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Mintz, Steven (1998). "Spielberg's Amistad and the History Classroom".

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Encyclopedia of the African Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture

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The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America

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1812 Aponte Rebellion in Cuba and the Struggle against Atlantic Slavery

11994: 11046: 10057: 10012: 9723: 9042:"'The Bitter Chain of Slavery': Reflections on Slavery in Ancient Rome" 8806: 8066: 7548: 7518: 7449: 7417: 7318: 7246: 6845: 6717:, which declared freedom from slavery is an internationally recognized 6210: 5883: 5831: 5803: 5698: 5690: 5418: 5194: 5030: 4804: 4765: 4391: 4353: 4181: 3898: 3890: 3871: 3832: 3621: 3570: 3521: 3455: 3401: 3286: 3250: 3017: 2997: 2977: 2749: 2738: 2599: 2518: 2514: 2265: 2189:

movements saw slavery as a violation of the slaves' rights as people ("

2134: 2027: 1952: 1895: 1672: 969: 673: 540: 22298: 22220: 20316:. The New Cambridge History of India, Part I. Vol. 5. Cambridge: 19409: 17771:

International Coalition to Stop Crimes Against Humanity in North Korea

17397:"West African migrants are kidnapped and sold in Libyan slave markets" 17209:"Over 400,000 people living in 'modern slavery' in U.S., report finds" 16944:

Coursen-Neff, Zama; Tribune, International Herald (January 30, 2003).

16351: 16081: 15466: 14993: 12659:

Slaves Waiting for Sale: Abolitionist Art and the American Slave Trade

11767: 8441:

White, Shelley K.; White, Jonathan M.; Korgen, Kathleen Odell (2014).

4207: 4071: 3991:, which separated free Pennsylvania from slave Maryland and Delaware. 3505:, was sentenced to lifetime slavery, forcing him to serve his master, 1802:

is the placement of a person into slavery, and the person is called a

35519: 35442: 35393: 35246: 35207: 35115: 35010: 34990: 34955: 34910: 34885: 34855: 34820: 34789: 34694: 34627: 34536: 34516: 34480: 34470: 34426: 34319: 34224: 34164: 34150: 34145: 34097: 34092: 34070: 34060: 34008: 34003: 33941: 33865: 33840: 33825: 33624: 33159: 33142: 32975: 32675: 31804: 30631: 29704: 29699: 29666: 29638: 29526: 29521: 29457: 29432: 29379: 29293: 29008: 28940: 28767: 28687: 28501: 28186: 27540: 27441: 27401: 27371: 27292: 27128: 27091: 26613: 26407: 26342: 25847: 25534: 25482: 25199: 24798: 23928: 22181: 21682: 20902: 17909: 16740:

Case Studies on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: A World Survey

15701:

A Long and Uncertain Journey: The 27,000 Mile Voyage of Vasco Da Gama

14346: 14283: 13924: 13703: 13575: 13183: 11391:

Case Studies on Human Rights And Fundamental Freedoms: A World Survey

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Slavery and Social Death : A Comparative Study, Orlando (1982).

6872: 6679:

In 1839, the world's oldest international human rights organization,

6631:, a non-denominational group founded in 1787, whose members included 6495: 6471: 5954: 5875: 5407: 5108: 5100: 5096: 4866: 4708: 4688: 4585: 4554:

were slaves. Slavery was legally abolished in the possessions of the

4497: 4472: 4365: 4297: 4292: 4286: 4252: 4242: 4176: 4172: 3859: 3849: 3754: 3506: 3439: 3380: 3234:

ports of the Indian Ocean, perhaps as many as nine million along the

2902: 2559: 2502: 1904: 1888: 1791: 917: 582: 444: 23688: 22256: 22191: 21887:

Weinstein, Allen; Gatell, Frank Otto; Sarasohn, David, eds. (1979).

21583: 21408:

Slavery's Capitalism: A New History of American Economic Development

21240:

Lawson, Colin (1993). "Review: Property and Contract in Economics".

21224: 20480:

A Social History of Black Slaves and Freedmen in Portugal, 1441–1555

19438: 19331: 18569:"Royal Navy and the Slave Trade : Battles: History: Royal Navy" 18511: 14966:

Harper, James (April 1972). "Slaves and Freedmen in Imperial Rome".

14413: 9163:. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 57, 132, 165, 166. 9135: 6490:

from 269 to 232 BCE, abolished the slave trade but not slavery. The

5506:

Eastern European slaves were provided to the Ottoman Empire via the

4988:, 12,000 Christian galley slaves were recaptured and freed from the 4100:

on a platform of halting the expansion of slavery, according to the

2726: 2381:

Human trafficking primarily involves women and children forced into

599: 35524: 35427: 35368: 35334: 35325: 35296: 35286: 35261: 35217: 35157: 35080: 35048: 35043: 35030: 35020: 34975: 34940: 34900: 34812: 34784: 34709: 34699: 34595: 34448: 34376: 34371: 34344: 34324: 34309: 34253: 34189: 34055: 34013: 33902: 33718: 33709: 33469: 33388: 33368: 33363: 33283: 33102: 33077: 33072: 32811: 32786: 32767: 31559: 31527: 30782: 30735: 30681: 30498: 30382: 30352: 30335: 30119: 29713: 29685: 29671: 29538: 29504: 29462: 29447: 29407: 29152: 28601: 27659: 27649: 27581: 27576: 27545: 27391: 27346: 27224: 27219: 27123: 27001: 26875: 26713: 26377: 25499: 25329: 25256: 24907: 24833: 24738: 24698: 24083: 24078: 24073: 23998: 23993: 23938: 23708: 23184: 22868: 22826: 22323: 21630:

American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia

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Property and Contract in Economics: The Case for Economic Democracy

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Deutsch für Dichter und Denker: Unsere Muttersprache in neuem Licht

8289: 6949: 6852: 6699: 5962:

disagreed and said they deliberately came to Taiwan "to sell sex".

5946: 5815: 5787: 5528: 5449: 5432: 5092: 4846: 4835: 4238: 4144: 3875: 3863: 3671: 3545: 3335: 3001: 2730: 2720: 2422: 1795: 1507: 1065: 1009: 961: 621: 466: 321: 227: 30227: 22063:. Washington, DC: U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea. 21846: 20922: 20684: 17766:"ICNK welcomes UN inquiry on North Korea report, calls for action" 15658: 14609: 12569: 9096:

Alexander, J. (2001). "Islam, Archaeology and Slavery in Africa".

8506:"Freedom Fighter: A slaving society and an abolitionist's crusade" 6991:

gave a favorable outlook on slavery in the United States in 1946.

6848:

made a formal apology for Great Britain's involvement in slavery.

6750:), Datuk K Sri Dhammaratana, Chief High Priest of Malaysia, Rabbi 5693:, including migrant workers deprived of basic civil rights on the 5664: 4285:: 贱民)", The word literally means "inferior person". As stated in 3778: 3269:. It is estimated that about 15 percent of slaves died during the 1891:, in 1863. The scars are the result of a whipping by his overseer. 35553: 35538: 35514: 35202: 35142: 35132: 35100: 35095: 34895: 34794: 34563: 34541: 34521: 34453: 34416: 34406: 34299: 34282: 34219: 34174: 34155: 34140: 34126: 34075: 33986: 33929: 33738: 33534: 33464: 33430: 33425: 33411: 33397: 33338: 33030: 32801: 32757: 31589: 31568: 31414: 29694: 29690: 29452: 29402: 29394: 29384: 29288: 29276: 29135: 29031: 29025: 28181: 27920: 27870: 27654: 27359: 27043: 26678: 26623: 26608: 26337: 24003: 23907: 23887: 23860: 23835: 23739: 23718: 23254: 22259:, Comité de Liaison et d'Application des Sources Historiques 2010 20243:

The Dutch East India Company and the Economy of Bengal, 1630-1720

19632:

Death and Redemption: The Gulag and the Shaping of Soviet Society

18779:(2 ed.). Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex, England: Longman Group. 18170:"Religions and the abolition of slavery – a comparative approach" 17128:"Kuwait moves on Instagram slave traders after BBC investigation" 15917:. In Ascher, Abraham; Halasi-Kun, Tibor; Kiràly, Béla K. (eds.). 14620:. Yale University Southeast Asia Studies Monograph Series: 16–33. 14524:

Burmese Administrative Cycles: Anarchy and Conquest, c. 1580–1760

13579:

Korean History: Discovery of Its Characteristics and Developments

11880:"Sublimus Dei – On the Enslavement and Evangelization of Indians" 8722:] (in German) (6 ed.). Strassburg: Trübner. p. 366. 8590:"Religion & Ethics – Modern slavery: Modern forms of slavery" 7812: 6589: 5925: 5879: 5847: 5823: 5771: 5683:

work in slavery-like conditions to pay off their family's debts.

5440: 5169:

Prisoners forced to work on the Buchenwald–Weimar rail line, 1943

4979:

which seized hundreds of thousands of Christian boys through the

4900: 4896: 4850: 4796: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4376: 4324: 4140: 3262: 3227: 3181: 3100: 3092: 3057:, a series of uprisings that took place between 869 and 883 near 2917:. In the 1490s black Africans were included on the emblem of the 2914: 2898: 2702: 2686:, either to explicitly mark slaves as property or as punishment. 2543: 2363: 2093:

There is a dispute among historians about whether terms such as "

1915:

is a modern variety of slavery; in non-industrialised countries,

1835: 1490: 572: 252: 31474: 23670: 23140:

Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States

22282: 17262:"Modern slavery in developed countries more common than thought" 13326: 13324: 13322: 13320: 13318: 13316: 13314: 13312: 13310: 12962: 12960: 12958: 9679:"UNICEF supports fight to end marriage by abduction in Ethiopia" 9548:"In Togo, a 10-Year-Old's Muted Cry: 'I Couldn't Take Any More'" 6498:

in China in 17 CE but was reinstituted after his assassination.

5770:

In March 2020, the Chinese government was found to be using the

5534: 5495:

Between 1517 and 1917, most of the Middle East consisted of the

5215: 3789:, and with the blessing of the Catholic church, who also wished 3125: 2014:), borrowed from a Slavic tribe self-name *Slověne, turned into 35407: 35402: 35320: 35152: 35137: 34724: 34652: 34526: 34475: 34391: 34381: 34241: 34169: 33981: 33951: 33936: 33684: 33524: 33506: 33415: 33406: 32866: 32701: 31628: 30708: 30626: 30584: 30259: 29681: 29494: 29427: 29367: 29362: 29169: 28836: 28355: 27703: 27342: 25715: 24959: 23988: 23892: 23870: 23865: 23815: 23216: 18646: 17181:"UN gives Qatar a year to end forced labour of migrant workers" 16431:

Shaw, Garry J. (October 26, 2012). "Slavery, Pharaonic Egypt".

15568:"Famous Battles in History The Turks and Christians at Lepanto" 15038:(2003). "Reflections on Slavery". In Curran, Charles E. (ed.). 15012:

The Slave Trade: History of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1440–1870

13700:

Early Encounters between East Asia and Europe: Telling Failures

13506: 13504: 13502: 13000:

Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition [Two Volumes]

11067: 8877:

German for poets and thinkers: Our mother tongue in a new light

8310:

Wilberforce Institute for the Study of Slavery and Emancipation

8259: 8224: 7984: 7904: 7380: 7234: 7008:, dealt with an actual revolt in the Roman Empire known as the 6772: 6479: 5959: 5950: 5871: 5851: 5819: 5795: 5722: 5524: 5154: 5138: 5104: 5073: 4862: 4854: 4727: 4535:

remained the largest sources of forced labour until the 1660s.

4505: 4476: 4429: 4403: 4395: 3945: 3747: 3700: 3679: 3593: 3549: 3478: 3470: 3315: 3005: 2945: 2910: 2906: 2829: 2563: 2526: 2310: 1955: 1819: 1192: 1014: 594: 577: 439: 274: 242: 32225:

Association for the Protection and Assistance of the Convicted

23076:

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave

20933:

Slavery in Africa: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives

19359: 19357: 16558:"Horrible Traffic in Circassian Women – Infanticide in Turkey" 16215:, p. xv, Introduction: "Gulag is the word an acronym for 15422:(Summer 2014), "French chivalry in twelfth-century Britain?", 13859:

The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective

12579:

Slavery and Plantation Growth in Antebellum Florida, 1821–1860

10447:

Athenian Legacies: Essays on the Politics of Going On Together

5371: 4876:, which dampened the use of African slaves in the Arab world. 4500:

was so disgusted that his own Japanese people were being sold

2594:

was in ransoming Christian slaves held in North Africa (1637).

2146: 35344: 35090: 34704: 34617: 34612: 34114: 34020: 33991: 33924: 33873: 33519: 32542: 31575: 31101: 30725: 29489: 29417: 28968: 28216: 26916: 26352: 24969: 23820: 18020:"Modern day slavery in Southeast Asia: Thailand and Cambodia" 17105:"She escaped domestic slavery, now she helps other survivors" 15634:

Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe, 1500–1700

15342:

A Concise Economic History of Britain from the Earliest Times

14583:

De Opkomst der Westerkwartieren van de Oostindische Compagnie

13307: 12955: 12288:"Extract of the Dutch Map Representing the Colony of Surinam" 10603:"Welcome to Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to Black History" 9460:

International Encyclopedia of Public Edict and Administration

7287: 7260: 7256: 7194: 7034: 5562:. In the early 1840s, the population of the Uzbek states of 5279:

Golfo Alexopoulos suggests comparing labor in the Gulag with

5210: 5011: 4997: 4594: 4481: 4425: 4349: 4132: 3683: 3553: 3548:, prohibited slavery of the indigenous people, including the 3469:

and Spanish historian, participated in campaigns in Cuba (at

3466: 3077:

and claimed over "tens of thousands of lives in lower Iraq".

3058: 2993: 2929: 2871: 2080: 2074: 2062: 2056: 2009: 1997: 1982: 1970: 449: 435: 410: 32644: 20397:

The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Daily Life: The medieval world

16882: 13499: 13407: 12084: 11791:"Aboriginal Slavery on the Northwest Coast of North America" 11692:

Lawson, Russell M.; Lawson, Benjamin A. (October 11, 2019).

11191:"New book reopens old arguments about slave raids on Europe" 9964: 9499:"Rights–Mexico: 16,000 Victims of Child Sexual Exploitation" 6875:, which was a large slave trading port, apologized in 1999. 6466: 5992:

While the majority of trafficking victims are women who are

5406:, but studying it is complicated by terminology used by the 5041:

took 3,000 female and child captives, while his governor of

4412:. The nobi were socially indistinct from freemen (i.e., the 3753:

Slave labour was the driving force behind the growth of the

2836:

coast, slavery became widespread only with the invention of

2668: 2123: 34728: 34575: 34421: 34362: 34329: 34304: 34179: 33604: 33479: 33420: 32900: 32782: 32753: 29499: 29041: 28256: 27699: 25581: 25410: 22283:

The Trans-Atlantic and Intra-American slave trade databases

22230: 20430:. Third Series. Vol. 25 of 3: Works, Hakluyt Society. 19530:

Mariners, Merchants and Oceans: Studies on Maritime History

19369: 19354: 18289:

Words that Make New Jersey History: A Primary Source Reader

18222: 16736: 14192:

Nelson, Thomas (Winter 2004). "Slavery in Medieval Japan".

13854: 13217:

Familiar strangers: a history of Muslims in Northwest China

12901: 11043:"Islam, From Arab To Islamic Empire: The Early Abbasid Era" 8769:

Glotta, Zeitschrift fur Griechische und Lateinische Sprache

5571: 5454: 5427: 4869: 4723: 4433: 4357: 3913:

petitioned the colonial government to expand their rights.

3600:, who led the largest slave rebellion in Barbadian history. 3451: 2989: 2158:

As a social institution, chattel slavery classes slaves as

2115:

implying a degree of autonomy that slavery does not allow.

316: 146: 44:"Slave labour" redirects here. For the Banksy artwork, see 20958:

Biography of a Runaway Slave: Fiftieth Anniversary Edition

20734:

The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770–1823

20160:

Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry

19318:(1984). "Slavery & Race in American Popular Culture". 18775:

Boahen, A. Adu.; Ajayi, J. F. Ade.; Tidy, Michael (1986).

18318:"Opinion | Forgotten Step Toward Freedom (Published 2007)" 16373:"New directions in Gulag studies: a roundtable discussion" 16370: 15467:"Erskine May on Slavery in Britain (Vol. III, Chapter XI)" 12616:

American Negro Slavery and Abolition: A Sociological Study

12482: 10729:(April 1970). "Zamani: a survey of East African history". 9783:

Blaming the Brain: The Truth About Drugs and Mental Health

9188:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. X. 8688: 4695:). This oppression by an elite minority eventually led to 4406:

period of Korea, members of the slave class were known as

4014:

their wills. Slaves were punished by whipping, shackling,

3433:

Slaves embarked to America from 1450 until 1800 by country

2812: 2178:, Subsaharan Africa, Brazil, the United States (until the 34669: 34546: 27234: 25684: 21799:

The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Antebellum South

19011: 18708: 18598: 18142: 17568: 17517: 17265: 17012:

The Courage of Hopelessness: A Year of Acting Dangerously

16211:

For sources about forced slave labor in GULAG camps, see

15513:

Slavery from Roman times to the Early Transatlantic Trade

13669:"Europeans had Japanese slaves, in case you didn't know…" 13143:

The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A Study of Tʻang Exotics

12946:"Outline of the Senmin system during the Ritsuryo period" 12817:"What Does California Owe Its Incarcerated Firefighters?" 11834: 11271: 11004: 10796: 9320: 9318: 8593: 6558:

prohibited most forms of slavery throughout the country.

6554:, which freed slaves held in the Confederate States; the 5807: 5586:

to the Nile, while dying from exposure and swollen feet.

5185:

Nazi Germany effectively enslaved about 12 million people

4300:, she was publicly executed for murdering her own slave. 4188:, which saves the state as much as $ 100 million a year. 4155:

or have family visitation revoked. From 2010 to 2015 and

3520:

of Virginia, was granted ownership of another black man,

1823: 23052:

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano

19717:

The Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia

19160:

Martin, Michael T.; Wall, David C. (February 19, 2013).

18870:"Benin Officials Apologize for Role in U.S. Slave Trade" 16723: 16721: 16719: 16168:. 127th Annual Meeting American Historical Association. 13541:

Women and Confucianism in Choson Korea: New Perspectives

13516: 13471:

Women and Confucianism in Choson Korea: New Perspectives

13295: 13283: 12987:船田善之《色目人与元代制度、社会 – 重新探讨蒙古、色目、汉人、南人划分的位置》,〈蒙古学信息〉2003年第2期 11369: 10631: 10289:"Kim Jong-un brings back 'pleasure troupe' entertainers" 5984:

isolation, threat, physical force, debt bondage or even

4734:

suggest that the majority were scattered throughout the

4291:: “Slaves and inferior people are legally equivalent to 3874:

around 3 percent, and there is evidence that some women

3295:

Institute for Trafficked, Exploited, and Missing Persons

30:"Slave" and "Slaves" redirect here. For other uses, see 22018:

Contemporary Slavery in the UK: Overview and Key Issues

21886: 19461:"Films about Slavery and the transAtlantic Slave Trade" 19313: 18727: 18725: 16822: 16709: 16707: 16705: 16265:

For sources about life in the Gulag camps, please see:

12841:

Pargas, Damian Alan; Roşu, Felicia (December 7, 2017).

10246:

Sex Trafficking – Inside the Business of Modern Slavery

8951:

The Politics of Property: Labour, Freedom and Belonging

5375:

19th-century engraving depicting an Arab slave-trading

5219:

Workers being forced to haul rocks up a hill in a Gulag

5125:

raiders enslaved more than 1 million Eastern Europeans.

4959:

A British captain witnessing the miseries of slaves in

3797:

beginning in 1625, the economy of Haiti (then known as

27926:

List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents

20983:

Slavery and the British Empire: From Africa to America

17986: 17367:"African migrants sold as 'slaves' for $ 200 in Libya" 16802:"A Mauritanian Abolitionist's Crusade Against Slavery" 16776:"Religion & Ethics – Islam and slavery: Abolition" 16247: 15205: 12306: 12232:. Hansib Publishing (Caribbean) Ltd. pp. 46, 48. 10866: 10521:

Demography, Geography, and the Sources of Roman Slaves

9315: 7001:

Most Hollywood films used American settings, although

6629:

Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade

6592:, which was founded in 1822 for freed American slaves. 5000:. Seventy-five Crimean Tatar raids were recorded into 3544:

to the area. In the mid-16th century, the Spanish New

2154:

with her enslaved servant girl in the mid-19th century

20007:

Gregory, Paul R.; Lazarev, Valery (October 1, 2003).

16716: 15977:"The Crimean Tatars and their Russian-Captive Slaves" 14702:

were an important part of pre-colonial Maori society.

13031:

Man and Land in Chinese History: An Economic Analysis

11153: 11101:. New Delhi: VIJ Books (India) Pty Ltd. p. 453. 9702:"An Idea Not Worth Drafting: Conscription is Slavery" 9364:"Nigeria's young daughters are sold as 'money wives'" 8869:(2020). "Sklave und Slawe" [Slave and Slav]. 8539:"Mauritania: Country Made Slavery Illegal Last Month" 5254: 3176:

and were given certain rights in a system similar to

2068: 2050: 2021: 2015: 2003: 1991: 1976: 1964: 1911:

of a country's economy. In industrialised countries,

1865:(chattel) of the slave owner. In economics, the term 20275:

European Commercial Enterprise in Pre-Colonial India

19575:

Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy

18722: 17053:"27 Million People Said to Live in 'Modern Slavery'" 16702: 16538: 15394:. Vol. II (871–1216) (First ed.). Oxford: 14143:. Vol. 2. Macmillan Reference US. p. 737. 13095:

Memoirs of the Research Department of the Tōyō Bunko

10578:"Slavery and the Slave Trade in Pre-colonial Africa" 10220: 9919: 9442: 8305:

Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery

8258:, the names and details of slaves freed in Medieval 6295:

Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery

4722:'s population, mostly war captives, especially from 2984:, and later to the Americas. These traders captured 2694: 2037: 1447:

Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery

21918: 21455:Berlin, Ira; Favreau, Marc; Miller, Steven (2011). 21454: 16943: 13255:

Opium regimes: China, Britain, and Japan, 1839–1952

12503:

Women and Slavery in the French Antilles, 1635–1848

11639:Mancke, Elizabeth; Shammas, Carole (May 31, 2005). 9931: 9388: 7016:stays surprisingly close to the historical record. 5175:

Forced labour under German rule during World War II

4742: 2033:An alternative contemporary hypothesis states that 37:"Slave master" redirects here. For other uses, see 26886:Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation 23620:Amazing Grace: An Anthology of Poems about Slavery 20426:de Sande, Duarte (2012). Massarella, Derek (ed.). 19489:"Life in the Gulag: A Property Rights Perspective" 17285: 14909: 14567:Cultures of Madagascar: Ebb and Flow of Influences 13856: 12254: 11782: 11225:Wright, John (2007). "Trans-Saharan Slave Trade". 9728:"Nationalized Slavery; A policy Italy should dump" 9481:"Experts encourage action against sex trafficking" 8922: 8805:(in German) (22 ed.). Berlin & New York: 6073:Suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf 5402:as an established institution. Slavery existed in 4127:, which affected primarily African Americans. The 2392: 26403:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 25545:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 20296: 19033:"Obama praises 'historic' Senate slavery apology" 18355:. Itd.nps.gov. September 19, 2015. Archived from 16981:"Child Slaves Abandoned to India's Silk Industry" 16946:"For 15 million in India, a childhood of slavery" 16469:"Ancient Egypt: Slavery, its causes and practice" 15737:Marques, António Henrique R. de Oliveira (1972). 15247: 14495: 14455: 13252:Brook, Timothy; Wakabayashi, Bob Tadashi (2000). 12354: 11685: 10771:. Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis. p. 17. 10137:The Impending Crisis of the South: How to Meet It 9592:"Honor Diaries: Child/Forced Marriage: Factsheet" 9270: 9268: 9266: 8422: 6924:on these possible claims has long since expired. 5014:and African slaves in Córdoba, illustration from 4799:, on the contrary, was widely accepted. In 1452, 4334:, there was a hereditarily servile people called 4229:Slavery existed in ancient China as early as the 3358:indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast 3140:Under Omani Arabs, Zanzibar became East Africa's 2890:, about a third of the population were enslaved. 1919:is a common form of enslavement, such as captive 1846:, and was legal in most societies, but it is now 35580: 32565:United Kingdom and British overseas territories 21528:Terms of Labor: Slavery, Serfdom, and Free Labor 20876: 20297:Raychaudhuri, Tapan; Habib, Irfan, eds. (1982). 19984:. In McKivigan, John R.; Snay, Mitchell (eds.). 19486: 18950:"Livingstone weeps as he apologises for slavery" 16274: 15215:The Old English Penitentials and Anglo-Saxon Law 15136:Postan, Michael Moïssey; Miller, Edward (1987). 13251: 10846:Tannenbaum, Edward R.; Dudley, Guilford (1973). 10845: 9883:The Dreaded Comparison: Human and Animal Slavery 8845:] (in German). Tübingen: Mohr. p. 371. 8440: 5065: 4027:More than one million slaves were sold from the 3737: 3245:These expeditions were typically carried out by 2529:is also known to have suggested such parallels. 1562:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution 25205:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 23574:List of last surviving American enslaved people 20955:Montejo, Esteban (2016). Barnet, Miguel (ed.). 20759:Abolition: A History of Slavery and Antislavery 20102: 20009:The Economics of Forced Labor: The Soviet Gulag 19986:Religion and the Antebellum Debate Over Slavery 19487:Anderson, Gary M.; Tollison, Robert D. (1985). 19286:Screen saviors: Hollywood fictions of whiteness 19066:Nitkin, David; Merritt, Harry (March 2, 2007). 18774: 17126:Pinnell, Owen; Kelly, Jess (November 1, 2019). 16768: 16495:The Ancient Egyptians (Beliefs & Practices) 16270: 15591: 15589: 14945:. Duckworth with the Classical Press of Wales. 14579:De Vestiging der Nederlanders ter Kuste Malabar 14548:Hague, 1960–present), passim; T. Raychaudhuri, 14137:Finkelman, Paul; Miller, Joseph Calder (1998). 14136: 13601: 13599: 12294:. Digital World Library via Library of Congress 12150: 10154:Religion and the Antebellum Debate Over Slavery 9655:"Without Consent: Forced Marriage in Australia" 9413: 8803:Etymologisches Wörterbuch Der Deutschen Sprache 8716:Etymologisches Wörterbuch Der Deutschen Sprache 6981:gave a liberal but ambiguous interpretation of 6588:, born in Virginia, was the first president of 6311: 5924:all critical of the country's record. Forms of 3404:and the alignment of captive slaves during the 3041:Slave labour in East Africa was drawn from the 2475:view government taxation as a form of slavery. 2130:, illustration in an 1853 anti-slavery pamphlet 24687:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 23164:Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo" 21401: 21120:The Slave Systems of Greek and Roman Antiquity 21064:Encyclopedia of Slave Resistance and Rebellion 20006: 18643:"Anti-Slavery International: UNESCO Education" 18107: 18105: 18080:"Lost Daughters – An ongoing tragedy in Nepal" 18050:"Trafficking FAQs – Amnesty International USA" 17884: 17505: 16501: 16241: 16221: 15697: 15412: 14672:Historical Dictionary of Slavery and Abolition 14637: 13726: 13576:Korean National Commission for UNESCO (2004). 13351:Historical Dictionary of Slavery and Abolition 10307:"From private to state slavery and back again" 10108:. History.com. January 4, 2008. Archived from 9263: 8720:Etymological dictionary of the German language 8265:International Day for the Abolition of Slavery 7028:in Spanish) was a 1976 film directed by Cuban 5778:. According to a report published then by the 4613:) had a recognised social role in traditional 4245:confiscated because he killed a female slave”( 3576: 2570:. This enables systems of labour, such as the 32660: 31490: 30135: 28852: 26932: 26509: 25700: 23755: 23656: 22339: 22315: 22182:The Bibliography of Slavery and World Slaving 21552:Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made 20929: 20050:Colonialism: Key Concepts in American History 19068:"A New Twist to an Intriguing Family History" 19065: 18810:"Afrikan Involvement In Atlantic Slave Trade" 18595:"Devon – Abolition – Sailing against slavery" 17927: 16644:. BBC – Religion & Ethics. Archived from 16576: 16025: 15999: 15740:History of Portugal: From Lusitania to empire 14870: 14633: 14631: 14629: 14627: 14603: 14601: 14577:(Trivandrum, 1973); M.A.P. Meilink-Roelofsz, 14381:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 71. 14379:Legacies of slavery: comparative perspectives 14316:Foreigners in Japan: A Historical Perspective 13343: 13341: 13339: 12844:Critical Readings on Global Slavery (4 vols.) 12741:"Why Did So Many Christians Support Slavery?" 12051: 11754:. 33 (The Archaeology of Slavery) (1): 1–17. 11638: 10150: 9407: 8985: 8582: 8434: 8360: 6036: 5523:, reported seeing slaves in Muslim houses in 5379:transporting black African slaves across the 3564: 1941: 1768: 29756: 29536: 26523: 22117:Enslaved: True Stories of Modern Day Slavery 21922:Free and unfree labour: the debate continues 21912: 21569: 20508: 20341:The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery 20019: 19858:Slaves on Screen: Film and Historical Vision 17125: 15732: 15730: 15728: 15586: 15173: 15135: 14847: 14845: 14843: 14479: 13920:Tanegashima – The Arrival of Europe in Japan 13855:Robert Gellately; Ben Kiernan, eds. (2003). 13697: 13596: 12680: 12649: 12418: 12023: 11691: 11479: 11394:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 440. 10888:Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set 10700:. East African Literature Bureau. p. 76 10331: 9414:Chatterjee, Indrani; Eaton, Richard (2006). 9393:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 11–12. 9208: 8642:International Journal of Middle East Studies 8367:Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society 6016:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom 5780:Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) 5421:came from many different regions, including 4468:the Portuguese first made contact with Japan 4407: 4398:period when Korea also experienced multiple 4343: 3847: 3655: 3210: 2852:, and the enslavement of slaves' offspring. 2718: 2708: 2700: 1850:in most countries of the world, except as a 1567:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom 26554:Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention 24903:List of people killed for being transgender 21919:Brass, Tom; van der Linden, Marcel (1997). 21531:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 20542:The Black American in United States History 20103:Lester, David; Krysinska, Karolina (2008). 20074:Korea and East Asia: the story of a Phoenix 19546: 19524: 19008:"Congress Apologizes for Slavery, Jim Crow" 18863: 18861: 18621:"The West African Squadron and slave trade" 18202:The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History 18102: 18011: 17565:"UN: There is hope for Mauritania's slaves" 17488:"The Abolition season on BBC World Service" 17334: 16904:. International Labour Organisation. 2005. 16289: 16060:"Historical survey: Ways of ending slavery" 15041:Change in Official Catholic Moral Teachings 14907: 14786:Slavery in the Late Roman World, AD 275–425 14776: 14507: 14499: 14071:. Bombay: Himalaya Pub. House. p. 18. 14062: 14060: 13809: 13764: 12609: 12607: 12252: 11508: 11506: 11504: 10884: 10813: 10533:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199595167.003.0005 10492: 10490: 10239: 10237: 10235: 10192:Adam Smith and the Virtues of Enlightenment 10151:McKivigan, John R.; Snay, Mitchell (1998). 10079:Lagerlöf, Nils-Petter (November 12, 2006). 9988: 9574:"Two-year-old 'at risk' of forced marriage" 8904:Ditten, Hans (1972). "Kritik an G. Korth". 8747:Full composition of writings. In 30 volumes 8541:. The East African Standard. Archived from 8499: 8497: 8408:"Historical survey: Slave-owning societies" 6814:shared responsibility for the slave trade. 6050: 5782:, no fewer than around 80,000 Uyghurs were 5679:, an estimated 15 million children in 4815: 4807: 4730:. Estimates of the number of slaves in the 4527:after the 11th-century. Slavery existed in 3699:Public flogging of a slave in 19th-century 3661: 3531: 3487:royal laws protecting the native population 2185:Beginning in the 18th century, a series of 2043: 32667: 32653: 32247:International Network of Prison Ministries 31497: 31483: 30142: 30128: 28859: 28845: 26939: 26925: 26516: 26502: 25707: 25693: 23762: 23748: 23663: 23649: 22346: 22332: 22196:University of North Carolina at Greensboro 22092: 21993:Ending Slavery: How We Free Today's Slaves 21116: 20362: 19282: 19247: 19159: 18731: 18167: 17964: 17418:"Libya exposed as child migrant abuse hub" 17353:"African migrants 'sold in slave markets'" 16283: 16128: 15837: 15809:Africa's Discovery of Europe: 1450 to 1850 15418: 15211: 14943:Foreigners at Rome: Citizens and Strangers 14624: 14598: 14279:Nature and Origins of Japanese Imperialism 13538:Kim, Youngmin; Pettid, Michael J. (2011). 13468:Kim, Youngmin; Pettid, Michael J. (2011). 13336: 12840: 12316:[Public Domain – Basic Research]. 11642:The Creation of the British Atlantic World 11611: 11010: 10941: 9779: 8732: 6043: 6029: 4631: 3746:West Central African ports, especially in 3516:, where the court ruled that a black man, 2387:commercial sexual exploitation of children 1775: 1761: 28668:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act 26373:Interminority racism in the United States 23588:Cotton Plantation Record and Account Book 22221:The West African Squadron and slave trade 21861: 21806: 21057: 20706:The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture 20390: 20334: 20299:The Cambridge Economic History of India I 20047: 19925: 19512: 18230:Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition 17940:National Changhua University of Education 17595:"Anti-slavery law still tough to enforce" 17151: 17102: 16662:(2020). Abdulhadi-Sukhtian, Nadia (ed.). 16486: 16403: 16326: 16253: 16212: 15725: 15486: 15392:The Oxford History of the Laws of England 15313: 15014:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 35. 14840: 13901: 13537: 13467: 13330: 13127: 12966: 12461:The Caribbean Slave: A Biological History 12146: 12144: 12116: 11518:"Opinion | Ending the Slavery Blame-Game" 11482:"The impact of the slave trade on Africa" 11420: 11418: 11387: 11184: 11182: 10664: 9857: 9457: 9095: 9089: 8839:Deutsches Etymologisches Rechtswörterbuch 8739:Polnoye sobraniye sochineniy. V 30 tomakh 8653: 8635: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8396: 8394: 8392: 8390: 6512:slavery in the Spanish New World colonies 5566:and Khiva included about 900,000 slaves. 5107:horsemen and sold in the Crimean port of 2607:, especially given Smith's belief in the 2454: 32073:Mentally ill people in the United States 29744: 28512:Job losses caused by the Great Recession 27189:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates 24019:Social determinants of health in poverty 23569:Treatment of slaves in the United States 23343:Ama: A Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade 22657:(1766 Saint-Dominque – June 30, 1853 NY) 21741: 21713: 21699: 21545: 21521: 21475: 21144: 21029: 20877:Hogendorn, Jan; Johnson, Marion (2003). 20834:Slavery in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 20755: 20605: 20476: 20425: 20309: 20215: 19934: 19907: 19792: 19763: 19734: 19713: 19283:Vera, Hernán; Gordon, Andrew M. (2003). 19090: 18858: 18487: 18448: 18384:. Paris: UNESCO Publishing. p. vi. 18292:. Rutgers University Press. p. 84. 18156:British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society 18113:"US State Department Trafficking report" 18017: 17391: 16664:Work and Customs in Palestine, volume II 16293:Illness and Inhumanity in Stalin's Gulag 16266: 16031: 15874: 15805: 15691: 15509: 15461: 15459: 15090: 14491: 14237: 14175: 14171: 14057: 13522: 13510: 13413: 13301: 13289: 12996: 12686: 12632:Scholastic Encyclopedia of the Civil War 12604: 12488: 12390: 12285: 12078: 12057: 12019: 11970: 11501: 11437: 11375: 11016: 10872: 10760: 10758: 10693: 10487: 10410:"Determining the Legal Rights of Slaves" 10385: 10232: 10188: 10078: 9925: 9874: 9545: 8865: 8536: 8494: 8470: 8468: 6948: 6580: 6569: 6465: 6307: 6285:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery 6198:Convention of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1919 6108:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90 5717:released a report on slavery. It placed 5697:, the total control of workers in Asian 5663: 5639: 5533: 5483: 5370: 5289:Illness and Inhumanity in Stalin's Gulag 5214: 5164: 5117: 5006: 4954: 4949:Colliers and Salters (Scotland) Act 1775 4764: 4649: 4589:showed that 6% of the population in the 4371: 4206: 4115:In 1865, the United States ratified the 4070: 3939: 3815: 3803: 3709: 3694: 3632: 3592: 3580: 3427: 3187: 3165:puts the figure as high as ten to one." 3132:slave traders and their captives on the 3124: 3086: 2923: 2811: 2667: 2651: 2643: 2623: 2585: 2335: 2235:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery 2145: 2133: 2122: 1879: 1572:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf 1437:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery 1417:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90 28693:Credentialism and educational inflation 26768:Right to an adequate standard of living 21890:American Negro Slavery: A Modern Reader 21770: 21377: 21341: 21173: 20954: 20930:Miers, Suzanne; Kopytoff, Igor (1979). 20616: 20271: 20240: 20202: 19694: 19603:(2nd ed.). Santa Barbara, Calif.: 19520:. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing. 19091:Akhalbey, Francis (November 15, 2019). 18980: 18807: 18732:Belardelli, Giulia (December 2, 2014). 18493: 18454: 18377: 17206: 17160:from the original on September 26, 2013 16902:A Global Alliance Against Forced Labour 16604: 16507: 16278: 15968: 15940: 15912: 15736: 15698:Goodman, Joan E.; McNeely, Tom (2001). 15595: 15540: 15489:"Slavery In The Coal-Mines Of Scotland" 15487:Barrowman, James (September 14, 1897). 15174:Boyce Davies, Carole Elizabeth (2008). 15000: 14713: 14487: 14483: 14313: 14218: 14140:Macmillan encyclopedia of world slavery 13954: 13636: 13605: 13533: 13531: 13432:. Institute for Modern Korean Studies, 13139: 12990: 12655: 12628: 12519: 12218: 12189: 12163: 12136: 12064:. ReadHowYouWant.com. pp. 286–87. 11443: 11239: 11218: 11188: 10721: 10719: 9880: 9837: 9039: 9006:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.7311 8920: 8537:Corrigan, Terence (September 6, 2007). 6556:13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution 6514:was the Spanish missionary and bishop, 5882:. Child migrants suffer from abuse and 5609: 5157:was abolished in the mid-14th century. 5057:in places such as Algeria and Morocco. 2128:Flogging a slave fastened to the ground 14: 35581: 32326:Prison Officers' Association (Ireland) 28564:List of countries by unemployment rate 26569:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment 26445:Sociology of race and ethnic relations 23506:Frederick Douglass and the White Negro 23327:Queen: The Story of an American Family 23247:Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp 22134: 21968:Understanding Global Slavery: A Reader 21795: 21674: 21651: 21623: 21429: 21239: 21210: 21004: 20979: 20851: 20830: 20805: 20644: 20539: 19982:"Slavery and the Evangelical Movement" 19979: 19878: 19832:Popular Controversies in World History 19829: 19804: 19771:Women and Slavery: The Modern Atlantic 19629: 19422: 19216: 18418:French Politics, Culture & Society 18409: 18256: 18133: 17967:"Officials divided on sex slave issue" 17666:from the original on February 27, 2014 17656:"VII. Conclusions and Recommendations" 17511: 17259: 17152:Pattisson, Pete (September 25, 2013). 17071: 16924: 16658: 16229: 16225: 16032:Forsythe, David P. (August 27, 2009). 15939:Darjusz Kołodziejczyk, as reported by 15631: 15389: 15091:Singer, Isido Singer; Jacobs, Joseph. 15006: 14965: 14876: 14782: 14377:Dias, Maria Suzette Fernandes (2007). 14275: 14191: 14069:Slavery in Portuguese India, 1510–1842 13992: 13698:Hertel, Ralf; Keevak, Michael (2017). 13425: 13213: 13170: 12783: 12494: 12424: 12261:. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 12230:Barbados: Just Beyond Your Imagination 12195: 12141: 12128: 12120: 12112: 11944: 11788: 11427:The Cambridge World History of Slavery 11415: 11325:"Remembering East African slave raids" 11224: 11179: 10979: 10973: 10518: 10496: 10407: 10226: 10130: 10124: 9753: 9699: 9282: 9280: 9158: 9070: 8903: 8879:] (in German). Bright Star Books. 8829: 8503: 8387: 8329: 7543:Queen: The Story of an American Family 6931:presented a report at an event at the 6880:United States House of Representatives 5351:History of slavery in the Muslim world 4992:. Eastern Europe suffered a series of 2897:, black Africans were included in the 34759: 32888: 32686: 32648: 31478: 30123: 29743: 29100: 28840: 26920: 26497: 25688: 23743: 23644: 23279:Roots: The Saga of an American Family 23108:Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl 22544:(c. 1745 Nigeria – 31 March 1797 Eng) 22327: 22314: 22239:. Discovery Education. Archived from 22223:, history of the Victorian Royal Navy 22014: 21989: 21964: 21939: 21496: 21344:European Journal of Law and Economics 21318: 21242:The Slavonic and East European Review 21085: 20908:Muslim Slave System in Medieval India 20727: 20699: 20344:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, Calif: 20153: 19960: 19881:The Slavonic and East European Review 19852: 19666: 19596: 19568: 19387: 19375: 19363: 19142: 19116: 18941: 18415: 18315: 18285: 17415: 17292:Australian Strategic Policy Institute 17178: 17005: 16888: 16544: 16525:"Slaves and Slavery in Ancient Egypt" 16516: 16508:Everett, Susanne (October 24, 2011). 16492: 16108:"Nazi slave fund passes final hurdle" 15915:"Servile Labor in the Ottoman Empire" 15843: 15681:"British Slaves on the Barbary Coast" 15456: 15295: 15257:AEthelstan: The First King of England 15034: 14668: 14607: 14569:(Leiden, 1995). See also M.O. Koshy, 14536:Journal of the Burma Research Society 14532:Journal of the Burma Research Society 14338: 14179: 14108:Leite, José Roberto Teixeira (1999). 14107: 14095: 14084:Chinese there were employed as cooks. 14066: 14035:Leite, José Roberto Teixeira (1999). 14034: 13916: 13347: 13123: 13058: 12789:"Small Truth Papering Over a Big Lie" 12690:(1999). "Transatlantic Slave Trade". 12613: 12575: 12500: 12457: 12132: 12092:. US History Publishers. p. 76. 12090:Virginia: A Guide to the Old Dominion 11896: 11618:. Pearson Education. pp. 76–78. 11512: 11460: 11424: 11124: 10764: 10755: 10634:The Image of the Black in Western Art 10575: 10367:from the original on February 5, 2017 10286: 10033: 9899:and its various interpretations, see 9625:"Forced marriages rampant in Ontario" 9622: 9546:Sullivan, Kevin (December 26, 2008). 9443:Dandamayev, M. A.; Barda; Bardadārī. 9324: 8947: 8793: 8763: 8742:Полное собрание сочинений. В 30 томах 8706: 8694: 8563: 8465: 8428: 7444:Roots: The Saga of an American Family 6840:The issue of an apology is linked to 6723:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 6715:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 6524:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves 6088:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention 6024: 5491:saw Europeans dragged to that empire. 4486:Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98) 4456:Imperial Japanese occupation of Korea 3477:) and was present at the massacre of 2264:The last country to abolish slavery, 2237:in 1934–1939. By the time of the UN 1459:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention 1136:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea 32628: 31459: 30149: 27457:Practice-based professional learning 26468: 25669: 24709:Capital punishment for homosexuality 24024:Social determinants of mental health 23124:Life and Times of Frederick Douglass 22619:(1783 England – 1821 United States) 22353: 22173:Slavery in America: A Resource Guide 22113: 22093:Nazer, Mende; Lewis, Damien (2009). 22053: 22024:. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. 21555:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 21281: 21260: 20780: 20558: 20181: 18981:Coslett, Paul (September 24, 2014). 18962:from the original on January 7, 2020 18947: 18867: 18834: 18540: 18127: 18018:Bradford, Laurence (July 23, 2013). 17878: 17778:from the original on October 6, 2014 16852: 16572:– via The Lost Museum Archive. 16522: 16497:. Sussex Academic Press. p. 91. 16430: 16411:"Mesopotamia: The Code of Hammurabi" 16161: 16088:(in Swedish). 1920. pp. 159–160 15771:Black Africans In Renaissance Europe 15767: 15570:. Trivia-library.com. Archived from 15253: 14877:Joshel, Sandra R. (August 6, 2010). 14851: 14511: 14503: 14418:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 14411: 14376: 13528: 13378: 13027: 12978:杉山正明《忽必烈的挑战》，社会科学文献出版社，2013年，第44–46頁 12814: 12550: 11747: 11554:"The Transatlantic Slave Trade]" 11551: 11463:Give Me Liberty: An American History 11254:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim030170256 11094: 10741:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a096007 10725: 10716: 10474: 10443: 10243: 9251:. The Feminist Sexual Ethics Project 8843:German Etymological Legal Dictionary 8566:"One in 200 people is a slave. Why?" 8504:Okeowo, Alexis (September 8, 2014). 6508:Spanish colonization of the Americas 5137:, slaves were usually classified as 5083:(a Muslim Tatar state) maintained a 4307:were enslaved in the process of the 4000:prohibited the importation of slaves 3948:of slaves being driven on foot from 3173: 3061:(also known as Basara), against the 2378:") revolves around illegal control. 2225:and the United Nations, such as the 2200:Chattel slavery survived longest in 1861:, the slave is legally rendered the 1651:Slave marriages in the United States 1255:Human trafficking in the Middle East 28010:Workers' right to access the toilet 25858:Discrimination based on nationality 24829:Genital modification and mutilation 22192:Digital Library on American Slavery 21862:Vorenberg, Michael (May 21, 2001). 20901: 20105:"Suicide in the Soviet Gulag Camps" 20070: 19676:(2nd revised ed.). Hong Kong: 19630:Barnes, Steven A. (April 4, 2011). 19217:Stokes, Melvyn (January 15, 2008). 18923:"Virginia 'sorry' for slavery role" 18897:"Blair 'sorry' for UK slavery role" 18669:"Home Page | Agrarian Studies" 17928:Huang Rongwen (February 10, 2022). 17913:. November 20, 2018. Archived from 17887:"Debt Bondage in Space, and Taiwan" 17885:Peter Bengtsen (October 31, 2023). 17438:. February 28, 2017. Archived from 16433:The Encyclopedia of Ancient History 16320: 15974: 15656: 15438:"The Saxon Slave-Market in Bristol" 15336: 14940: 14822:"Resisting Slavery in Ancient Rome" 13119: 12997:Williams, R. Owen (November 2006). 12635:. Scholastic Reference. p. 8. 12314:"Domínio Público – Pesquisa Básica" 12224: 12153:Handbook to Life in the Aztec World 11045:. History-world.org. Archived from 11022: 10980:Bagley, H. R. C. (August 1, 1997). 10885:Shillington, Kevin (July 4, 2013). 10799:. September 3, 2001. Archived from 10687: 10332:Lockhart, James; Schwartz, Stuart. 10081:"Slavery and other property rights" 9754:Machan, Tibor R. (April 13, 2000). 9667:from the original on June 13, 2015. 9623:Black, Debra (September 20, 2013). 9473: 9306: 9277: 9073:Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology 9040:Bradley, Keith (November 2, 2020). 5774:minority for forced labour, inside 5204: 4525:Muslim domination of northern India 3299:Slavery in colonial Spanish America 3230:, another four million through the 3198:National Museum of American History 2992:) from the interior in present-day 2748:A combination of these include the 2313:where a female can be coerced into 1842:, slavery was a typical feature of 1834:to pay a debt or earn money due to 990:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia 24: 29102: 29101: 23769: 23463:The Escape; or, A Leap for Freedom 23335:Hang a Thousand Trees with Ribbons 22613:(c. 1710 Portugal – 1734 Montreal) 22566:Nunzio Otello Francesco Gioacchino 22272:Slave Ships and the Middle Passage 21817:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism 21725:University of South Carolina Press 21371: 21123:. American Philosophical Society. 20880:The Shell Money of the Slave Trade 20831:Greene, Jacqueline Dembar (2001). 20784:Slavery and Empire in Central Asia 20655:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism 20623:Empire of Cotton: A Global History 20600: 19893:10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.90.4.0735 19673:Fidalgos in the Far East 1550–1770 18812:. Africawithin.com. Archived from 18473:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1994.tb01322.x 18086:. December 5, 2008. Archived from 17803:Missionary Society of St. Columban 17746:from the original on July 14, 2014 17539:"Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law" 17462:"Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law" 17103:Sebastian, Clare (July 30, 2018). 17029:from the original on July 27, 2020 16925:Fortin, Jacey (January 16, 2013). 16512:. Chartwell Books. pp. 10–11. 15315:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2007.00401_3.x 14669:Klein, Martin A. (2014). "Maori". 14641:Islam and the Abolition of Slavery 13890:Hideyoshi korean slaves guns silk. 13387:. Institute of Economic Research, 12202:University of North Carolina Press 12173:. Discover Jamaica. Archived from 11903:Northern Illinois University Press 11480:M'bokolo, Elikia (April 1, 1998). 11301:. October 17, 2002. Archived from 10665:Mohaiemen, Naeem (July 27, 2004). 10519:Harris, W. V. (February 3, 2011). 10408:Pollak, Michael (March 28, 2014). 9740:. Refers to both the military and 9700:Krembs, Peter (January 20, 2003). 9597:. Honordiaries.com. Archived from 9554:from the original on June 12, 2018 9483:. November 2, 2009. Archived from 9288:"Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law" 8937:from the original on May 21, 2015. 8636:Jankowiak, Marek (February 2017). 8612: 8596:. January 30, 2007. Archived from 5632:Illegal immigration § Slavery 5227:created a system of, according to 4565: 4445:in 1775, and he and his successor 3893:government allowed some rights to 3338:of Texas, also practiced slavery. 3069:region and areas further south in 2786:the extirpation of slavery in 1865 2532: 2428: 2118: 1644:last survivors of American slavery 25: 35625: 32687: 31504: 26689:Right to refuse medical treatment 23564:Songs of the Underground Railroad 23524:Abolitionism in the United States 23032:(c. 1795 Nigeria – ? Brazil) 22663:(c. 1819 – ???, Puerto Rico) 22227:Slavery and the Making of America 22161: 22144:Black Rednecks and White Liberals 21606: 21147:Economic and Industrial Democracy 21117:Westermann, William Linn (1955). 20184:Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 19642: 19600:New slavery: a reference handbook 18835:Ball, Jeremy R. (November 2003), 18316:Foner, Eric (December 30, 2007). 17694:from the original on July 7, 2014 17636:from the original on July 2, 2014 17416:Adams, Paul (February 28, 2017). 17207:Helmore, Edward (July 19, 2018). 17072:DeLuca, Matthew (June 19, 2013). 16866:. October 4, 2013. Archived from 16834:International Labour Organization 16131:"Forced Labour under Third Reich" 16129:Beyer, John; Schneider, Stephan. 15510:Phillips, William D. Jr. (1985). 15296:Goose, Nigel (October 18, 2007). 15115:"Slavery Encyclopedia of Ukraine" 14969:The American Journal of Philology 14573:(New Delhi, 1989); K.K. Kusuman, 14244:(illustrated, reprint ed.). 13999:(illustrated, reprint ed.). 13996:The memory palace of Matteo Ricci 13637:Hoffman, Michael (May 26, 2013). 13379:Rhee, Young-hoon; Yang, Donghyu. 12719:"Social Aspects of the Civil War" 12696:. New York: Basic Civitas Books. 12553:"The Birth of Race-Based Slavery" 12015: 10694:Ochiengʼ, William Robert (1975). 10355:"One day we will start a big war" 9895:For sources about the concept of 9810: 9722: 9681:. reliefweb.int. November 9, 2004 8365:. In Schaefer, Richard T. (ed.). 8361:Baker-Kimmons, Leslie C. (2008). 6125:African Slave Trade Patrol (U.S.) 5447:and Eastern Europe (mainly Slavs 5305:legacies in contemporary Russia. 5272:, after which he was awarded the 5079:Until the late 18th century, the 4523:. Slavery intensified during the 4075:Slaves on a Virginia plantation ( 3485:population had spurred the first 3122:by an Anglo-Dutch fleet in 1816. 2695:Private versus state-owned slaves 2639: 2208:had been suppressed, the ancient 605:Field slaves in the United States 472:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate 32627: 32616: 32615: 31458: 31449: 31448: 30331:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 30104: 30103: 28866: 28781: 28780: 28074:Corporate collapses and scandals 26477: 26467: 26458: 26457: 25668: 25659: 25658: 25308:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 25145:Law for Protection of the Nation 25045:White genocide conspiracy theory 23612:Slave Songs of the United States 23116:The Underground Railroad Records 23026:(? Puerto Rico – 1555 Venezuela) 21413:University of Pennsylvania Press 21322:Journal of Comparative Economics 20559:Vink, Markus P. M. (June 1998). 19764:Campbell, Gwyn; Miers, Suzanne; 19735:Campbell, Gwyn; Miers, Suzanne; 19453: 19416: 19381: 19307: 19276: 19241: 19210: 19153: 19136: 19110: 19084: 19059: 19025: 19000: 18974: 18915: 18889: 18828: 18801: 18768: 18746: 18697: 18661: 18635: 18613: 18587: 18561: 18534: 18371: 18345: 18309: 18279: 18250: 18194: 18161: 18072: 18056:. March 30, 2007. Archived from 18042: 17958: 17921: 17897: 17850: 17822: 17790: 17758: 17726: 17678: 17648: 17615: 17587: 17571:. March 17, 2012. Archived from 17557: 17531: 17480: 17454: 17428: 17409: 17385: 17377:. April 12, 2017. Archived from 17359: 17345: 17328: 17310: 17279: 17253: 17228: 17200: 17179:Booth, Robert (March 24, 2016). 17172: 17145: 17119: 17096: 17065: 17045: 16999: 16973: 16937: 16918: 16894: 16794: 16730: 16680: 16652: 16634: 16598: 16550: 16523:Dunn, Jimmy (October 24, 2011). 16493:David, Rosalie (April 1, 1998). 16461: 16445:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah15006 16424: 16364: 16344: 16259: 16235: 16205: 16175: 16155: 16122: 16100: 16074: 16052: 15993: 15933: 15925:. pp. 25–43. Archived from 15906: 15868: 15799: 15761: 15673: 15650: 15625: 15560: 15534: 15503: 15480: 15430: 15383: 15353: 15349:. p. 63. GGKEY:HYPAY3GPAA5. 15330: 15289: 15167: 15129: 15107: 15084: 15058: 15028: 14959: 14934: 14901: 14814: 14750: 14707: 14662: 14588: 14581:(The Hague, 1943); H. Terpstra, 14555: 14541: 14516: 14473: 14412:Levi, Scott C. (November 2002). 14405: 14395: 14370: 14332: 14307: 14269: 14238:Kitagawa, Joseph Mitsuo (2013). 14231: 14212: 14185: 14165: 14130: 14101: 14089: 14028: 13986: 13948: 13910: 13895: 13848: 13803: 13758: 13720: 13691: 13661: 13630: 13569: 13461: 13419: 13372: 13245: 13214:Lipman, Jonathan Neaman (2004). 13207: 13164: 13133: 13113: 13083: 13052: 13021: 12981: 12972: 12938: 12895: 12865: 12834: 12808: 12777: 12759: 12733: 12711: 12622: 12544: 12513: 12451: 12435:. pp. 28–31. Archived from 12384: 12324: 12279: 12246: 12151:Agurilar-Moreno, Manuel (2006). 12106: 12029: 12009: 11964: 11938: 11920: 11890: 11872: 11854: 11822: 11741: 11716: 11663: 11632: 11605: 11571: 11545: 11473: 11454: 11381: 11343: 11317: 11285: 11260: 11233: 11189:Carroll, Rory (March 11, 2004). 11125:Davis, R. (September 16, 2003). 11118: 11088: 11061: 10849:A History of World Civilizations 10391:Colonialism in Africa, 1870–1914 9744:requirements of Italy as slavery 9245:"Traditional or Chattel Slavery" 8530: 8229: 8217: 8174: 8126: 8114: 8072: 8030: 8018: 7977: 7938: 7897: 7855: 7817: 7805: 7765: 7753: 7716: 7675: 7663: 7619: 7577: 7529: 7478: 7430: 7373: 7324: 7280: 7227: 7187: 7145: 7099: 6093:Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880 5592:Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880 5359:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate 5355:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate 5285:"violence of human exploitation" 5235:", slave labor camps called the 4781:Slavery in early medieval Europe 4743:Medieval and early modern Europe 4441:implemented a policy of gradual 3967:. Slavery had been practiced in 3952:, Virginia to Tennessee in 1850. 3935: 3390: 3379: 3063:slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate 3051:slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate 2895:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor 2689: 2478:"Slavery" has been used by some 2344: 2275: 2138:A poster for a slave auction in 1899:more than 50% of slaves provide 1811: 482:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate 477:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate 306:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate 76: 32397:Countries by incarceration rate 32310:Prison Fellowship International 26478: 25150:MSM blood donation restrictions 24898:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 22992:(19th century Indian Territory) 22966:(1766 Saint-Dominque – 1853 NY) 21796:Stampp, Kenneth Milton (1969). 21720:Life and Labor in the Old South 21678:Slavery: History And Historians 21654:Slavery: History and Historians 21097:University Press of New England 21067:. Vol. 2. Westport, Conn: 20512:Journal of Early Modern History 20477:Saunders, A.C. de C.M. (1982). 20241:Prakash, Om (January 1, 1985). 19479: 19320:Black American Literature Forum 19039:. June 19, 2009. Archived from 16615:Journal of Early Modern History 15606:Journal of Early Modern History 15260:. The English Monarchs Series. 14496:Raychaudhuri & Habib (1982) 12425:Farmer, Paul (April 15, 2004). 12338:(in Portuguese). Archived from 11974:The Journal of Economic History 11163:. Research News. Archived from 11035: 10909: 10878: 10839: 10807: 10785: 10658: 10625: 10595: 10576:Perbi, Akosua (April 5, 2001). 10569: 10512: 10468: 10437: 10401: 10379: 10347: 10325: 10299: 10287:Ryall, Julian (April 2, 2015). 10280: 10266: 10182: 10144: 10098: 10072: 10037:The Journal of Economic History 10027: 9992:The Journal of Economic History 9982: 9953: 9889: 9831: 9804: 9773: 9747: 9716: 9693: 9671: 9647: 9616: 9584: 9566: 9539: 9525:"Campaign Page: Child Soldiers" 9517: 9491: 9451: 9436: 9416:Slavery and South Asian History 9382: 9356: 9330: 9237: 9202: 9177: 9152: 9129: 9064: 9033: 8986:Keith Bradley (March 7, 2016). 8979: 8941: 8914: 8897: 8859: 8823: 8787: 8757: 8726: 8700: 8678:"The international slave trade" 8670: 8629: 6945:List of films featuring slavery 6711:United Nations General Assembly 6635:. British Member of Parliament 6461: 6140:Eastern Naval Division (Brazil) 6113:Brussels Conference Act of 1890 6014:For a chronological guide, see 6003: 5874:Women are often raped, used as 5708: 5604:Saudi Arabia's slave population 5363:Slavery in the Mamluk Sultanate 5160: 4761:Slavery in the Byzantine Empire 4420:classes) other than the ruling 4275:Southern and Northern Dynasties 4248:Han dynasty records in DongGuan 4191: 3031:Encyclopedia of African History 2767: 2393:Child soldiers and child labour 2231:Committee of Experts on Slavery 1903:, usually in the factories and 1432:Committee of Experts on Slavery 983:East, Southeast, and South Asia 27:Ownership of people as property 29745: 28574:Employment-to-population ratio 27946:Occupational health psychology 26946: 26901:Sexual and reproductive health 26798:Right to a healthy environment 26363:Go back to where you came from 25163:(as religious or racial quota) 23674:relationships and institutions 23596:Slave-Trading in the Old South 22650:(c. 1788 Bermuda – after 1833) 21998:University of California Press 21973:University of California Press 21771:Sellers, James Benson (1994). 21405:; Rockman, Seth, eds. (2016). 19914:The American Historical Review 19798:Kolyma: The Arctic Death Camps 19580:University of California Press 19248:Morsberger, Robert E. (1977). 18948:Muir, Hugh (August 24, 2007). 18777:Topics in West African history 17739:Christian Solidarity Worldwide 17687:World Report 2014: North Korea 17512:Sutter, John D. (March 2012). 17260:Tutton, Mark (July 19, 2018). 17015:. Melville House. p. 29. 16275:Anderson & Tollison (1985) 14978:Johns Hopkins University Press 14638:Clarence-Smith, W. G. (2006). 14614:Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia 13963:University of California Press 13675:. May 10, 2007. Archived from 13429:Views on Korean social history 13260:University of California Press 13222:University of Washington Press 13148:University of California Press 11795:University of California Press 11647:Johns Hopkins University Press 11095:Syed, Muzaffar Husain (2011). 10697:Eastern Kenya and Its Invaders 10444:Ober, Josiah (June 26, 2018). 9389:Sleightholme; Indrani (1996). 8921:Waldman, Katy (May 19, 2015). 8557: 8354: 8323: 6901: 6795:law, recognizing slavery as a 5974: 5965: 5901: 5675:According to a 2003 report by 5620:Slavery in contemporary Africa 5531:and Cairo in as late as 1909. 5344: 5045:, in a subsequent attack upon 2664:, issued between 1845 and 1849 2656:Barefooted slaves depicted in 2566:, in which output depended on 2150:Portrait of an older woman in 2088: 1960:which ultimately derives from 1832:voluntarily enter into slavery 1131:Slave raiding in Easter Island 13: 1: 35163:Traditional African religions 32674: 28662:Works Progress Administration 28554:Unemployment Convention, 1919 27966:Personal protective equipment 27514:Occupational Outlook Handbook 26818:Right to public participation 25577:Second-generation gender bias 25293:Constitutional colorblindness 24014:Social determinants of health 23271:The Confessions of Nat Turner 23236: 23229: 23060:The Narrative of Robert Adams 22474: 22166: 22140:"The Real History of Slavery" 21476:Blackmon, Douglas A. (2012). 20963:Northwestern University Press 20938:University of Wisconsin Press 20272:Prakash, Om (June 28, 1998). 18983:"Liverpool's slavery apology" 18378:Dorigny, Marcel, ed. (2003). 16389:10.1080/00085006.2017.1384665 16271:Lester & Krysinska (2008) 16096:– via Project Runeberg. 15950:The Journal of Jewish Studies 15747:. pp. 158–160, 362–370. 14908:Santosuosso, Antonio (2001). 13176:"The History of Civilization" 12815:Lowe, Jaime (July 27, 2021). 12614:Moore, Wilbert Ellis (1980). 11675:University of Texas at Austin 11388:Veenhoven, Willem A. (1977). 11071:The Last Great Muslim Empires 10983:The Last Great Muslim Empires 10189:Griswold, Charles L. (1999). 10140:. New York: Burdick Brothers. 9845:British Journal of Psychiatry 9466:. pp. 1640–1645 (1642). 8476:"Slavery in the 21st century" 8316: 6933:University of the West Indies 6501: 6448:World Anti-Slavery Convention 5889: 5558:centred in the Central Asian 5392: 5367:Slavery in the Ottoman Empire 4887:'s laws dealt with slaves in 4834:were the destinations, while 4774:Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia 4511: 4106:Confederate States of America 4082: 4004:plantations in the Deep South 3924:of 1804, the only successful 3637:Funeral at slave plantation, 2928:13th-century slave market in 2673: 2628:Sale and inspection of slaves 2320: 39:Slave Master (disambiguation) 34760: 32289:Prison Advice and Care Trust 28743:Psychopathy in the workplace 27916:Human factors and ergonomics 26838:Right to science and culture 23604:Sarah Johnson's Mount Vernon 23559:Slavery in the United States 22916:Greensbury Washington Offley 21505:University Press of Kentucky 21500:Black Southerners, 1619–1869 21139:Journal articles and reviews 20209:Personal Research Collection 20182:Love, Henry Davison (1913). 20112:Archives of Suicide Research 19554:. Brookfield, VT: Variorum. 19117:Brown, Kim (July 10, 2023). 18754:"Routes of Enslaved Peoples" 18496:The Journal of Negro History 17154:"Qatar's World Cup 'slaves'" 16931:International Business Times 16642:"Sexual slavery – the harem" 16435:. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: 16242:Gregory & Lazarev (2003) 16222:Gregory & Lazarev (2003) 16187:Facing History and Ourselves 16035:Encyclopedia of Human Rights 16014:. p. 27. Archived from 15218:. Studies in Legal History. 14760:. Dl.ket.org. Archived from 14608:Bowie, Katherine A. (1996). 14463:"Windows – Slice of history" 14241:Religion in Japanese History 13993:Spence, Jonathan D. (1985). 13727:Michael Weiner, ed. (2004). 13609:Women's Studies Encyclopedia 12058:Billings, Warren M. (2009). 9075:. Viking Press. p. 71. 8564:Hodal, Kate (May 31, 2016). 8478:. Newint.org. Archived from 8270:International Slavery Museum 6782: 6674: 6273:Temporary Slavery Commission 5868:Sub-Saharan African migrants 5866:, Libyans started capturing 5736:In the preparations for the 5499:. In the Ottoman capital of 5417:Historically, slaves in the 5281:"other forms of slave labor" 5231:and the "perspective of the 4202: 3957:Slavery in the United States 3854:("Black Code"), prepared by 3773:started with the arrival of 3762:Brazil in the 21st century. 3307:Slavery in the United States 3136:in East Africa, 19th century 2944:were transported across the 2537: 2227:Temporary Slavery Commission 2081: 2075: 2063: 2057: 2010: 1998: 1983: 1971: 1934: 1869:describes the conditions of 1422:Temporary Slavery Commission 1083:Slavery in the Mongol Empire 7: 34491:Food and drink prohibitions 32889: 28728:Narcissism in the workplace 27941:Occupational exposure limit 26664:Right to keep and bear arms 26574:Freedom from discrimination 25488:Medical model of disability 25340:Hate speech laws by country 23628:The Hemingses of Monticello 23529:African-American literature 22301:at the Walk Free Foundation 21819:. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 21779:University of Alabama Press 21609:"Slavery Facts & Myths" 21013:University Press of Florida 20657:. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 20216:Millward, James A. (1998). 20048:Kozlowski, Darrell (2010). 19990:University of Georgia Press 19426:Journal of American History 19314:Worthington-Smith, Hammet; 19162:The Politics of Cine-Memory 18504:University of Chicago Press 17965:Max Hirsch (May 23, 2007). 17514:"Slavery's last stronghold" 17355:. BBC News. April 11, 2017. 16688:"The Freeing of the Slaves" 16290:Alexopoulos, Golfo (2017). 16162:Steinert, Johannes-Dieter. 15883:University of Toronto Press 15518:Manchester University Press 15302:The Economic History Review 15117:. Encyclopediaofukraine.com 14728:10.7767/zrgra.1957.74.1.403 13140:Schafer, Edward H. (1963). 12664:University of Chicago Press 12656:McInnis, Maurie D. (2011). 12629:Clinton, Catherine (1999). 12584:University of Florida Press 12576:Smith, Julia Floyd (1973). 12286:Mentelle, Simon M. (1777). 12157:California State University 11579:"Nigeria – The Slave Trade" 11246:University of Chicago Press 10817:; Tordoff, William (2001). 10481:University of Georgia Press 10159:University of Georgia Press 9780:Valenstein, Elliot (2002). 9531:. June 2001. Archived from 8993:Oxford Classical Dictionary 8248: 6789:National Assembly of France 6759:American Anti-Slavery Group 6683:, was formed in Britain by 6664:encouraging other countries 6596: 6290:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery 6120:West Africa Squadron (U.K.) 5940:sector and forced labor in 5908:Human rights in North Korea 5636:Slavery in the 21st century 5335:aside from the introduction 5255: 5223:Between 1930 and 1960, the 4408: 4288:The commentary of Tang Code 4163:, some prisoners in the US 3730:first Portuguese settlement 3577:English and Dutch Caribbean 3422:, and numerous rebellions. 3276: 2719: 2709: 2701: 2317:in order to pay off debts. 2239:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery 2107:). Other historians prefer 1442:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery 487:Volga Bulgarian slave trade 10: 35630: 32621:Imprisonment and detention 31549:Stanford prison experiment 31343:African diaspora religions 30467:Indigenous Black Canadians 28951:Weberian (three-component) 28657:Civil Works Administration 28539:Technological unemployment 28015:Workplace health promotion 27467:Professional certification 27164:Personality–job fit theory 25714: 25597:Social model of disability 24069:Discrimination against men 23444:A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin 22550:(c. 1705 Bornu – 1775 Eng) 22366:Slave Narrative Collection 21965:Bales, Kevin, ed. (2005). 21870:Cambridge University Press 21829:10.4135/9781412965811.n286 20885:Cambridge University Press 20789:Cambridge University Press 20764:Cambridge University Press 20756:Drescher, Seymour (2009). 20667:10.4135/9781412965811.n285 20485:Cambridge University Press 20318:Cambridge University Press 20310:Richards, John F. (2012). 20303:Cambridge University Press 20280:Cambridge University Press 20278:. Vol. II. New York: 20247:Princeton University Press 20205:"Slavery: A World History" 20079:Greenwood Publishing Group 19980:Forbes, Robert P. (1998). 19702:American Heritage Magazine 19636:Princeton University Press 19260:(2): 87–98. Archived from 19174:10.1002/9781118322673.ch22 18234:Greenwood Publishing Group 16628:10.1163/157006507780385125 16217:Glavnoe Upravlenie Lagerei 16183:"The Holocaust in Belarus" 15852:Cambridge University Press 15844:Klein, Herbert S. (2010). 15776:Cambridge University Press 15619:10.1163/157006507780385125 15361:"Medieval English society" 15220:Cambridge University Press 15144:Cambridge University Press 14885:Cambridge University Press 14880:Slavery in the Roman World 14791:Cambridge University Press 13865:Cambridge University Press 13614:Greenwood Publishing Group 12528:Greenwood Publishing Group 12466:Cambridge University Press 12458:Kiple, Kenneth F. (2002). 12320:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 11724:"Slavery in the New World" 11612:Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). 11552:Bortolot, Alexander Ives. 11467:W. W. Norton & Company 11447:Journal of African History 11431:Cambridge University Press 11351:"Focus on the slave trade" 11098:A Concise History of Islam 10793:"Focus on the slave trade" 10675:. Vol. 5, no. 61 10583:. latinamericanstudies.org 10452:Princeton University Press 10395:Cambridge University Press 10393:. Vol. I. Cambridge: 10338:Cambridge University Press 10197:Cambridge University Press 9881:Spiegel, Marjorie (1996). 9760:Ludwig von Mises Institute 9218:W. W. Norton & Company 8956:Edinburgh University Press 8801:. In Elmar Seebold (ed.). 6942: 6905: 6851:On February 25, 2007, the 6763:Anti-Slavery International 6709:On December 10, 1948, the 6681:Anti-Slavery International 6657:Slavery Abolition Act 1833 6013: 6007: 5905: 5763: 5613: 5469:; and from Europe via the 5348: 5327:Glavnoe Upravlenie Lagerei 5302:other forms of slave labor 5208: 5172: 4931:Slavery Abolition Act 1833 4853:) were important sources. 4746: 4635: 4604: 4569: 4344: 4222: 4198:History of slavery in Asia 4195: 4121:United States Constitution 3314:can be traced back to the 3280: 2960:civilizations. During the 2859: 2805: 2799: 2795: 2778:French colony of Louisiana 2682:A widespread practice was 2648:Branding of a female slave 2432: 2402: 2396: 2354: 2348: 2285: 2279: 2206:Trans-Atlantic slave trade 2069: 2051: 2022: 2016: 2004: 1992: 1977: 1965: 1627:Great Dismal Swamp maroons 1464:Anti-Slavery International 1229:North Africa and West Asia 43: 36: 29: 35181: 35029: 34808: 34770: 34766: 34755: 34343: 34046: 33864: 33543: 33379:Cross-cultural psychology 33337: 33197:Manipulation (psychology) 33063: 32899: 32895: 32884: 32693: 32682: 32610: 32420: 32388: 32363: 32282:Prison abolition movement 32240:Florida Justice Institute 32216: 32020: 31935: 31895: 31814: 31761: 31636: 31627: 31558: 31512: 31444: 31333: 31318:African Hebrew Israelites 31303: 31257: 31194: 31183: 31163: 31094:Afro-Asians in South Asia 31059: 30972: 30807: 30657: 30442: 30368: 30178: 30164: 30157: 30099: 30040: 29932: 29900: 29867: 29793: 29765: 29752: 29739: 29657: 29614: 29574: 29556: 29475: 29393: 29353: 29262: 29255: 29210: 29113: 29109: 29096: 28959: 28913: 28909: 28880: 28776: 28675: 28637:Guaranteed minimum income 28594: 28435: 28309: 28222:Organizational commitment 28174: 28066: 28033: 27896: 27821: 27698: 27620: 27554: 27341: 27263: 27207: 27057: 26954: 26861: 26828:Right to rest and leisure 26734: 26539: 26532: 26453: 26330: 26163: 25931: 25833: 25722: 25654: 25393: 25270: 25063: 24950:Opposition to immigration 24674: 24314: 24161: 23921: 23871:Race / Ethnicity 23808: 23777: 23679: 23516: 23489: 23454: 23437:To a Southern Slaveholder 23428: 23393: 23225:The Bondwoman's Narrative 23174: 23100:My Bondage and My Freedom 23084:The Life of Josiah Henson 23068:American Slavery as It Is 23043: 23010: 22670: 22626: 22601: 22575: 22528: 22511: 22496:Andreas Matthäus Wolfgang 22385: 22374: 22361: 22321: 22316:Links to related articles 22299:2018 Global Slavery Index 22292: 21913:Slavery in the modern era 21807:Trenchard, David (2008). 21750:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 21742:Resendez, Andres (2016). 21709:. D. Appleton. p. 1. 21675:Parish, Peter J. (2018). 21652:Parish, Peter J. (1989). 21296:10.1017/S0018246X00011171 21275:10.1080/00346769500000007 21188:10.1080/00346760110035572 21100:Wesleyan University Press 21041:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 21005:Postma, Johannes (2005). 20809:Slavery in the Arab World 20224:Stanford University Press 20124:10.1080/13811110701857541 20021:Higginbotham, A. Leon Jr. 19961:Foner, Philip S. (1980). 19936:Ellerman, David Patterson 19800:. New York: Viking Press. 18705:"The law against slavery" 18286:Green, Howard L. (1995). 18168:Clarence-Smith, William. 17834:(Television production). 16864:Global Slavery Index 2013 15923:Columbia University Press 15745:Columbia University Press 15636:. Routledge. p. 17. 15491:. Scottish Mining Website 14758:"Slavery in Ancient Rome" 14571:The Dutch Power in Kerala 14430:10.1017/S1356186302000329 14246:Columbia University Press 13902:McCormack, Gavan (2001). 13426:Palais, James B. (1998). 13389:Seoul National University 13348:Klein, Martin A. (2014). 13067:Stanford University Press 13059:Huang, Philip C. (2001). 13036:Stanford University Press 12402:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 12253:Streissguth, Tom (2009). 11987:10.1017/S002205070003134X 11949:. Alba House. p. 3. 11760:10.1080/00438240120047591 10765:Lodhi, Abdulaziz (2000). 10250:Columbia University Press 10050:10.1017/S0022050700078566 10005:10.1017/S0022050700074623 9885:. New York: Mirror Books. 9827:– via Google Books. 9159:Bergad, Laird W. (2007). 9112:10.1080/00438240120047627 9071:Finley, Moses I. (1980). 8714:[Article Slave]. 8655:10.1017/S0020743816001240 8622:Oxford English Dictionary 7310:Drama, Exploitation film 6746:(representing Zen Master 6552:Emancipation Proclamation 6058: 5931: 5766:Xinjiang internment camps 5584:Trans-Saharan slave trade 5515:– were imported into the 5274:Nobel Prize in Literature 5244: 4940:Edinburgh Evening Courant 4776:for the release of slaves 4673:slavery in Ancient Greece 4638:Slavery in ancient Greece 4626: 4584:The hill tribe people in 4386:existed since before the 4186:Conservation Camp Program 4149:Federal Prison Industries 3690: 3585:Planting the sugar cane, 2938:trans-Saharan slave trade 2855: 2618:Lectures on Jurisprudence 2309:system found in parts of 2210:Trans-Saharan slave trade 2191:all men are created equal 1942: 1877:that most slaves endure. 1723:Emancipation Proclamation 1395:Opposition and resistance 1153:Sex trafficking in Europe 1141:Blackbirding in Polynesia 704:Trans-Saharan slave trade 33729:Mass psychogenic illness 33580:Collective effervescence 33021:Self-fulfilling prophecy 32707:Collective consciousness 32333:The Prison Phoenix Trust 31777:Administrative detention 30360:Turks and Caicos Islands 30073:Pre-industrial East Asia 28806:Aspects of organizations 28487:Involuntary unemployment 28048:Equal pay for equal work 27971:Repetitive strain injury 27472:Professional development 27462:Professional association 27144:Letter of recommendation 26843:Right to social security 26808:Right to Internet access 26753:Equal pay for equal work 26639:Presumption of innocence 24945:Occupational segregation 24714:Compulsory sterilization 23383:The Underground Railroad 23148:The Peculiar Institution 22793:Sarah Jane Woodson Early 22250:, University of London, 22248:Slavery archival sources 21715:Phillips, Ulrich Bonnell 21701:Phillips, Ulrich Bonnell 21438:Harvard University Press 21263:Review of Social Economy 21176:Review of Social Economy 21159:10.1177/0143831x94152010 21087:Shell, Robert Carl-Heinz 21008:The Atlantic Slave Trade 20980:Morgan, Kenneth (2007). 20814:Rowman & Littlefield 20645:Davies, Stephen (2008). 20483:(illustrated ed.). 20372:. Santa Barbara, Calif: 20203:Meltzer, Milton (1993). 20071:Lee, Kenneth B. (1997). 19862:Harvard University Press 19695:Burnham, Philip (1993). 19291:Rowman & Littlefield 18868:Services, Tribune News. 18843:(Review), archived from 18541:Wise, Steven M. (2006). 18434:10.3167/fpcs.2008.260306 18262:"Bartolomé de Las Casas" 17322:business-humanrights.org 16830:"Forced labour – Themes" 16377:Canadian Slavonic Papers 16336:. Anchor. Archived from 16330:(2007). "Introduction". 16012:The Jamestown Foundation 15875:Subtelny, Orest (2000). 15847:The Atlantic Slave Trade 15806:Northrup, David (2002). 15657:Brodman, James William. 15095:. Jewishencyclopedia.com 14857:"The Roman slave supply" 14677:Rowman & Littlefield 14342:Japanese and the Jesuits 14067:Pinto, Jeanette (1992). 13733:(illustrated ed.). 13358:Publishers. p. 13. 13356:Rowman & Littlefield 13192:10.4324/9781315005508-24 12520:Coupeau, Steeve (2008). 12507:Indiana University Press 12196:Childs, Matt D. (2006). 12086:Federal Writers' Project 11945:Panzer, Joel S. (1996). 11671:"Aztec Social Structure" 11587:U.S. Library of Congress 10922:Journal of World History 10821:(4 ed.). Budapest: 10642:Harvard University Press 10244:Kara, Siddharth (2008). 9840:"Slavery and psychiatry" 9420:Indiana University Press 8741: 7924:Historical drama / epic 7211:Angélique and the Sultan 7131:Historical drama / epic 7085:Historical drama / epic 6938: 6853:Commonwealth of Virginia 6641:William Pitt the Younger 5994:forced into prostitution 5857: 5759: 5752:and 24.9 million are in 5578:to the Gulf or Aden, or 5463:Indian Ocean slave trade 5439:), Central Asia (mainly 4935:Indian Slavery Act, 1843 4913:population were slaves. 4793:Council of London (1102) 4560:Indian Slavery Act, 1843 4492:and Indian slaves. King 4369:were serious in nature. 4260:: Biography of Wang Mang 4129:Prison Policy Initiative 3765: 3532:Spanish colonial America 3047:Indian Ocean slave trade 3025:, Ethiopia and Somalia. 2966:Indian Ocean slave trade 2409:Military use of children 2214:Indian Ocean slave trade 1503:Compensated emancipation 714:Indian Ocean slave trade 35069:Eastern Orthodox Church 33610:Culture-bound syndromes 33585:Collective intelligence 32411:Films featuring prisons 32268:Mount Tamalpais College 31922:Prisoner-of-war escapes 31652:Corrective labor colony 29121:Administrative detainee 28791:Aspects of corporations 28753:Slow movement (culture) 28632:Employer of last resort 28534:Structural unemployment 28472:Frictional unemployment 27911:Epilepsy and employment 27798:Performance-related pay 27732:National average salary 27645:996 working hour system 26719:right to be a candidate 26549:Equality before the law 26393:Psychometrics of racism 25843:Anti-miscegenation laws 25473:Internalized oppression 25335:Fighting Discrimination 25325:Fat acceptance movement 25283:Anti-discrimination law 24923:Native American mascots 23554:Films featuring slavery 23018:Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua 22942:William Henry Singleton 22747:Ellen and William Craft 22305:What is Modern Slavery? 22237:"Understanding Slavery" 22054:Hawk, David R. (2012). 21895:Oxford University Press 21523:Engerman, Stanley Lewis 21497:Boles, John B. (2015). 20988:Oxford University Press 20852:Heuman, Gad J. (2003). 20806:Gordon, Murray (1989). 20739:Oxford University Press 20711:Oxford University Press 20567:University of Minnesota 20525:10.1163/157006597x00028 20165:Oxford University Press 20031:Oxford University Press 19969:Oxford University Press 19908:Donoghue, John (2010). 19830:Danver, Steven (2010). 19774:. Vol. 2. Athens: 19745:. Vol. 1. Athens: 19714:Campbell, Gwyn (2004). 19678:Oxford University Press 19653:Law Library of Congress 19225:Oxford University Press 19168:Ltd. pp. 445–467. 18266:Encyclopedia Britannica 18135:Haydon, Benjamin Robert 17994:"Economics and Slavery" 17935:The Morning (Sri Lanka) 16891:, p. 9, Chapter 1. 16228:, pp. 7, 36, 262; 16064:Encyclopædia Britannica 15913:Inalcik, Halil (1979). 15814:Oxford University Press 15768:Lowe, K. J. P. (2005). 15541:Nicolle, David (1995). 15396:Oxford University Press 15365:University of Wisconsin 15212:Jurasinski, S. (2015). 15070:Encyclopedia Britannica 14646:Oxford University Press 14318:. Xlibris Corporation. 14314:Kshetry, Gopal (2008). 14276:Calman, Donald (2013). 14219:Daigaku, Jōchi (2004). 13917:Lidin, Olof G. (2002). 13825:Oxford University Press 13823:. Vol. 1. Oxford: 13780:Oxford University Press 13778:. Vol. 3. Oxford: 13606:Tierney, Helen (1999). 12877:University of Edinburgh 12501:Moitt, Bernard (2001). 12427:"Who removed Aristide?" 11789:Donald, Leland (1997). 11728:Encyclopædia Britannica 10525:Oxford University Press 10506:Encyclopædia Britannica 9838:Schaler, J. A. (2003). 9142:Oxford University Press 8998:Oxford University Press 8682:Encyclopædia Britannica 8412:Encyclopædia Britannica 8338:Oxford University Press 6985:'s attacks on slavery. 6908:Reparations for slavery 6893:In 2010, Libyan leader 6842:reparations for slavery 6777:The Slave Route Project 6446:A painting of the 1840 6278:1926 Slavery Convention 6263:Treaty of Jeddah (1927) 6248:Battle of Little Bereby 6052:Slave trade suppression 5864:Second Libyan Civil War 5792:Abercrombie & Fitch 5738:2022 World Cup in Qatar 5628:Trafficking of children 5576:across the Indian Ocean 5016:Cantigas de Santa Maria 5004:between 1474 and 1569. 4783:was so common that the 4642:Slavery in ancient Rome 4632:Ancient Greece and Rome 4388:Three Kingdoms of Korea 3785:of the Catholic priest 3159:The Partition of Africa 3108:for a 250-year period: 2509:, who utilise the term 2049:derives from Byzantine 1956: 1427:1926 Slavery Convention 1183:Germany in World War II 800:North and South America 322:Contract of manumission 35510:Social constructionism 35168:Unitarian Universalism 33972:Observational learning 33700:In-group and out-group 33640:False consensus effect 33319:Suppression of dissent 33217:Moral entrepreneurship 33187:Ideological repression 33175:Historical revisionism 32711:Collective unconscious 32045:Contemplative programs 31752:Youth detention center 31604:Prisoner of conscience 31348:Anti-African sentiment 29537: 28801:Aspects of occupations 28607:Unemployment insurance 28559:Unemployment extension 28529:Reserve army of labour 28334:Constructive dismissal 28141:Sleeping while on duty 28106:Exploitation of labour 27988:Sick building syndrome 27159:Person–environment fit 27029:Independent contractor 26579:Freedom of information 26564:Freedom of association 26358:Ethnic plastic surgery 25853:Biological determinism 25592:Social identity threat 25565:Reverse discrimination 25555:Racial color blindness 25035:Violence against women 25015:Sex-selective abortion 23402:Amos Fortune, Free Man 22636:Juan Francisco Manzano 22611:Marie-Joseph Angélique 22519:Brigitta Scherzenfeldt 22502:Johann Georg Wolffgang 22484:Guðríður Símonardóttir 22423:James Leander Cathcart 22186:University of Virginia 22146:. ReadHowYouWant.com. 22120:. St. Martin's Press. 21482:. Icon Books Limited. 21335:10.1006/jcec.1994.1115 21284:The Historical Journal 20540:Toppin, Edgar (2010). 19720:. London: Frank Cass. 19548:Arasaratnam, Sinnappah 19532:. New Delhi: Manohar. 19526:Arasaratnam, Sinnappah 19463:. Ama. africatoday.com 19316:Deburg, William L. Van 19080:on September 30, 2007. 17240:globalslaveryindex.org 17236:"Global Slavery Index" 15962:10.18647/2730/JJS-2007 15929:on September 11, 2009. 15632:Davies, Brian (2007). 13820:Encyclopedia of Africa 13815:Gates, Henry Louis Jr. 13770:Gates, Henry Louis Jr. 13582:. Hollym. p. 14. 12432:London Review of Books 11514:Gates, Henry Louis Jr. 11242:The SHAFR Guide Online 10852:. Wiley. p. 615. 10475:Cobb, Thomas (1999) . 9859:10.1192/bjp.183.1.77-a 9629:The Hamilton Spectator 9138:Colonial Latin America 7883:Historical soap opera 6959: 6922:statute of limitations 6878:On July 30, 2008, the 6811: 6797:crime against humanity 6731: 6593: 6586:Joseph Jenkins Roberts 6578: 6516:Bartolomé de las Casas 6475: 6455: 6227:Bombardment of Johanna 6135:Brazil Squadron (U.S.) 6130:Africa Squadron (U.S.) 5672: 5645: 5543: 5492: 5384: 5331: 5313:has come to represent 5307: 5264:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 5220: 5170: 5126: 5066: 5019: 4973:Ottoman wars in Europe 4969:Byzantine-Ottoman wars 4964: 4945:history of coal mining 4816: 4808: 4777: 4668: 4665:Schnorr von Carolsfeld 4380: 4241:of Shouxiang, had his 4220: 4089: 3953: 3878:fetuses, or committed 3848: 3824: 3813: 3795:French colonial period 3787:Bartolomé de las Casas 3738: 3728:began long before the 3722: 3707: 3705:Johann Moritz Rugendas 3662: 3656: 3642: 3601: 3590: 3565: 3460:Bartolomé de las Casas 3435: 3240: 3211: 3201: 3137: 3120:bombardment of Algiers 3115: 3096: 2933: 2817: 2679: 2665: 2649: 2629: 2595: 2494:have applied the term 2455:Other uses of the term 2341: 2155: 2143: 2131: 2045: 2038: 1892: 1852:punishment for a crime 908:British Virgin Islands 460:Circassian slave trade 426:Safavid imperial harem 421:Ottoman Imperial Harem 32:Slave (disambiguation) 35059:Chinese folk religion 33759:Political correctness 33754:Pluralistic ignorance 33443:Identity (philosophy) 33269:Religious persecution 33252:Psychological warfare 33232:Political engineering 33083:Argumentum ad populum 32941:Collective narcissism 32919:Attitude polarization 32296:Prison-Ashram Project 31400:Civil rights movement 31288:Afro-Caribbean people 30597:Chestnut Ridge people 30519:African-American Jews 30321:Saint Kitts and Nevis 30078:Pre-industrial Europe 28811:Aspects of workplaces 28549:Unemployment benefits 28544:Types of unemployment 28482:Graduate unemployment 28376:Letter of resignation 28005:Workers' compensation 27998:Occupational fatality 27502:Vocational university 27102:Employment counsellor 26891:Intersex human rights 26699:Right of self-defense 26654:Right to a fair trial 26278:In Jewish communities 26256:Hispanic & Latino 25560:Religious intolerance 25520:Political correctness 25350:Intersex human rights 25298:Cultural assimilation 24980:Religious persecution 24744:Disability hate crime 24529:Jewish / Antisemitism 23351:Walk Through Darkness 23287:Underground to Canada 22900:Jermain Wesley Loguen 22845:(1848/1854 VA – 1957) 22772:Ayuba Suleiman Diallo 22588:Konstantin Mihailović 22536:Lovisa von Burghausen 22277:Encyclopedia Virginia 22210:University of Houston 22202:"Slavery Fact Sheets" 21990:Bales, Kevin (2007). 20606:Surveys and reference 20544:. Allyn & Bacon. 20255:10.1515/9781400857760 19927:10.1086/ahr.115.4.943 19805:Conway, John (2008). 19776:Ohio University Press 19766:Miller, Joseph Calder 19747:Ohio University Press 19737:Miller, Joseph Calder 19697:"Selling Poor Steven" 19597:Bales, Kevin (2004). 18236:. 2011. p. 155. 18208:. 2009. p. 165. 18054:Amnesty International 17917:on November 20, 2018. 17774:. February 20, 2014. 17628:Amnesty International 16778:. BBC. Archived from 16437:John Wiley & Sons 16340:on September 5, 2017. 15390:Hudson, John (2012). 15262:Yale University Press 14783:Harper, Kyle (2011). 14575:Slavery in Travancore 13955:Stanley, Amy (2012). 13811:Appiah, Kwame Anthony 13766:Appiah, Kwame Anthony 13091:"Kao-li maid-servant" 12916:10.2972/hesp.76.1.229 12767:"1860 Census Results" 12745:christianitytoday.com 12723:National Park Service 12318:dominiopublico.gov.br 11947:The Popes and Slavery 11897:Hanke, Lewis (1974). 11681:on February 23, 2011. 11487:Le Monde diplomatique 11049:on September 24, 2018 9941:. merriam-webster.com 9812:Szasz, Thomas Stephen 9604:on September 24, 2015 9535:on February 13, 2008. 9487:on December 23, 2009. 8948:Brace, Laura (2004). 8625:(2nd ed.). 1989. 8418:on February 23, 2007. 8275:Involuntary servitude 8199:The Birth of a Nation 7492:The Viceroy of Ouidah 7081:The Birth of a Nation 6996:Civil Rights Movement 6966:The Birth of a Nation 6952: 6943:Further information: 6806: 6787:On May 21, 2001, the 6742:, Bhikkhuni Thich Nu 6727: 6584: 6573: 6469: 6445: 5715:U.S. State Department 5681:debt bondage in India 5667: 5643: 5538:Persian slave in the 5537: 5487: 5374: 5319: 5293: 5269:The Gulag Archipelago 5218: 5168: 5121: 5060:The maritime town of 5010: 4958: 4915:William the Conqueror 4768: 4653: 4646:Black Sea slave trade 4494:Sebastian of Portugal 4375: 4210: 4074: 4033:Alexis de Tocqueville 3994:Congress, during the 3985:slave and free states 3975:and was legal in all 3943: 3856:Jean-Baptiste Colbert 3819: 3807: 3719:Jacques Étienne Arago 3713: 3698: 3636: 3596: 3584: 3431: 3281:Further information: 3219: 3213:Le Monde diplomatique 3191: 3128: 3110: 3105:Barbary slave traders 3090: 2927: 2815: 2671: 2655: 2647: 2627: 2589: 2449:Marriage by abduction 2435:Marriage by abduction 2339: 2255:in the Trucial States 2149: 2137: 2126: 2104:People-first language 1883: 1147:Europe and North Asia 1107:Australia and Oceania 807:Pre-Columbian America 379:Slave raid of Suðuroy 311:Slavery in al-Andalus 233:Black Sea slave trade 162:21st-century jihadism 35423:Naturalism (Western) 35418:Naturalism (Chinese) 35330:Renaissance humanism 33886:Conceptual framework 33851:System justification 33690:Hysterical contagion 33274:Religious uniformity 33257:Religious conversion 33113:Cognitive dissonance 33011:Selective perception 32862:Theory of everything 32832:Primal world beliefs 32817:Philosophical theory 32480:Ireland, Republic of 32170:Solitary confinement 31731:Prisoner-of-war camp 31358:Atlantic slave trade 31046:United Arab Emirates 29935: or countries 29746:By country or region 28984:Class discrimination 28617:Job creation program 28393:Mandatory retirement 28346:Employee offboarding 28166:Workplace incivility 28161:Workplace harassment 27936:Occupational disease 27931:Occupational burnout 27846:Disability insurance 27690:Workweek and weekend 27670:Retroactive overtime 27492:Vocational education 27407:Continuing education 27245:Permanent employment 26778:Right to development 26659:Right to family life 26609:Freedom from torture 26594:Freedom from slavery 26368:Herrenvolk democracy 24965:Political repression 23974:Anti-left handedness 23964:Anti-intellectualism 23549:Caribbean literature 23539:Atlantic slave trade 23092:Twelve Years a Slave 22985:Booker T. Washington 22787:Jordan Winston Early 22252:Senate House Library 22216:on February 9, 2014. 22114:Sage, Jesse (2015). 22096:Slave: My True Story 22015:Craig, Gary (2007). 21948:Taylor & Francis 21809:"Slavery in America" 21633:. New York: Norton. 21625:Morgan, Edmund Sears 21619:on November 6, 2006. 21430:Berlin, Ira (2009). 21059:Rodriguez, Junius P. 20911:. Aditya Prakashan. 20837:. Turtleback Books. 20661:. pp. 464–469. 20565:(PhD). Vol. 1. 20364:Rodriguez, Junius P. 20336:Rodriguez, Junius P. 19975:on October 14, 2013. 19944:Blackwell Publishing 19854:Davis, Natalie Zemon 19166:Blackwell Publishing 19043:on February 25, 2014 19037:Agence France-Presse 18837:"Alcohol and Slaves" 18808:Person-Lynn, Kwaku. 18465:Taylor & Francis 17846:– via YouTube. 17798:"Modern day slavery" 17690:. January 21, 2014. 17623:"Issues North Korea" 17600:The New Humanitarian 17375:Agence France-Presse 16562:New York Daily Times 16413:. #7. Archived from 16273:, pp. 170–179; 16070:on October 16, 2014. 16021:on October 21, 2013. 16001:Glyn Williams, Brian 15574:on November 19, 2017 15398:. pp. 424–425. 15371:on February 14, 2005 14912:Storming the Heavens 14764:on February 22, 2010 14482:, pp. 201–253; 14339:Moran, J.F. (2012). 13863:(reprint ed.). 13735:Taylor & Francis 13385:Working Paper Series 13186:, pp. 500–503, 13180:Chinese Civilization 12565:on January 20, 2023. 12551:Wood, Peter (2003). 12523:The History of Haiti 12257:Suriname in Pictures 12171:"Jamaican History I" 12022:, pp. 943–974; 11884:papalencyclicals.net 11866:papalencyclicals.net 11830:"The World Factbook" 11461:Foner, Eric (2012). 11305:on December 30, 2007 11023:Asquith, Christina. 10613:on December 30, 2007 10132:Helper, Hinton Rowan 9967:on December 21, 2020 9788:Simon & Schuster 9738:on October 12, 2007. 9445:Encyclopædia Iranica 9391:Guilty Without Trial 9370:. September 21, 2018 9344:. September 15, 2016 9220:. pp. 110–111. 8893:on October 24, 2020. 8340:. pp. 199–219. 8285:List of slave owners 8140:Twelve Years a Slave 8011:Owen 'Alik Shahadah 7953:Doris Kearns Goodwin 7241:Angélique in Barbary 7030:Tomás Gutiérrez Alea 6863:On August 24, 2007, 6801:Atlantic slave trade 6689:Anti-Slavery Society 6668:West Africa Squadron 6536:Underground Railroad 6528:internal slave trade 5745:Walk Free Foundation 5616:Contemporary slavery 5610:Contemporary slavery 5475:Venetian slave trade 5465:; from Asia via the 4927:Slave Trade Act 1807 4909:, nearly 10% of the 4580:Slavery in Malaysia 4576:Slavery in Indonesia 4330:In the 17th century 4211:A contract from the 4153:solitary confinement 4038:Democracy in America 3911:free people of color 3895:free people of color 3835:was divided between 3775:Christopher Columbus 3566:Código Negro Español 3406:Atlantic slave trade 3334:of Georgia, and the 3283:Atlantic slave trade 3206:Atlantic slave trade 3178:indentured servitude 3023:Indian Ocean islands 2842:Neolithic Revolution 2832:-rich rivers of the 2808:Slavery in antiquity 2774:Province of New York 2609:separation of powers 2507:anarcho-syndicalists 2180:Thirteenth Amendment 1602:Indentured servitude 1530:Underground Railroad 1330:United Arab Emirates 719:Zanzibar slave trade 686:By country or region 499:Atlantic slave trade 401:Ma malakat aymanukum 285:Venetian slave trade 46:Slave Labour (mural) 35604:Human rights abuses 34836:Christian democracy 33799:Social facilitation 33695:Information cascade 33630:Emotional contagion 33568:Collective behavior 33530:Symbolic boundaries 33384:Cultural psychology 33128:Cultural dissonance 33001:Observer-expectancy 32996:Observational error 32981:In-group favoritism 32726:Conventional wisdom 32347:Prison Reform Trust 31247:Sierra Leone Creole 31098:India and Pakistan 30343:Trinidad and Tobago 30193:Antigua and Barbuda 29467:Vanniar (Chieftain) 28522:Recession-proof job 28517:Lists of recessions 28455:Economic depression 28403:Retirement planning 28284:Work–life interface 28121:Employee monitoring 28089:Corporate behaviour 28079:Accounting scandals 27961:Occupational stress 27951:Occupational injury 27482:Reflective practice 27477:Professional school 27199:Work-at-home scheme 27119:Induction programme 27097:Employment contract 27077:Business networking 26589:Freedom of religion 26584:Freedom of movement 26559:Freedom of assembly 26541:Civil and political 26388:Perpetual foreigner 25468:Historical eugenics 25005:Segregation academy 24985:Religious terrorism 24774:Enemy of the people 24682:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 24201:Jehovah's Witnesses 24094:Perpetual foreigner 23544:Captivity narrative 23375:The Book of Negroes 23156:The Slave Community 23020:(1845–1847, Brazil) 22947:James Lindsay Smith 22854:John Andrew Jackson 22789:(1814 – after 1894) 22743:(1845 KY – 1938 OH) 22736:William Wells Brown 22695:Jared Maurice Arter 22690:William J. Anderson 22583:Johann Schiltberger 22177:Library of Congress 21940:Brass, Tom (2015). 21823:. pp. 469–70. 21547:Genovese, Eugene D. 20781:Eden, Jeff (2018). 20392:Salisbury, Joyce E. 20188:Government of India 20054:Infobase Publishing 19992:. pp. 68–106. 19942:. Cambridge, Mass: 19390:The History Teacher 19264:on November 6, 2018 18929:. February 25, 2007 18847:on January 22, 2005 18649:. November 13, 2002 18601:. February 28, 2007 18575:on January 28, 2009 18260:(January 4, 2021). 17603:. December 11, 2012 16840:on February 9, 2010 16810:. September 8, 2014 14941:Noy, David (2000). 14864:Stanford University 14480:Subrahmanyam (1997) 14221:Monumenta Nipponica 14194:Monumenta Nipponica 13548:. pp. 140–41. 13513:, pp. 162–163. 13416:, pp. 153–157. 13395:on November 6, 2018 13333:, pp. 392–393. 13028:Zhao, Gang (1986). 12969:, pp. 146–147. 12039:. Virtual Jamestown 12024:Higginbotham (1978) 11934:on October 3, 2006. 11928:"Health In Slavery" 11868:. January 13, 1435. 11615:Genocide: a history 11593:on February 7, 2021 11357:. September 3, 2001 11298:National Geographic 10819:A History of Africa 10815:Fage, John Donnelly 10527:. pp. 88–110. 10483:. pp. 268–269. 10334:Early Latin America 9817:Psychiatric Slavery 8300:Slave-owning slaves 8256:Bodmin manumissions 7887:The Taylan Brothers 7797:Marco Kreuzpaintner 6817:In 1999, President 6757:Groups such as the 6740:Mātā Amṛtānandamayī 6721:. Article 4 of the 6671:50 African rulers. 6637:William Wilberforce 6609:, whose opinion in 6544:slave or free state 6532:legally emancipated 6488:Indian subcontinent 5920:and groups such as 5828:Marks & Spencer 5786:from the region of 5600:Red Sea slave trade 5548:Bukhara slave trade 5508:Crimean slave trade 5479:Barbary slave trade 5467:Bukhara slave trade 5459:Red Sea slave trade 5396: 1760 BC 5085:massive slave trade 5068:Mercado de Escravos 4757:Crimean slave trade 4753:Barbary slave trade 4043:James Henry Hammond 4022:William Wells Brown 4008:Kansas-Nebraska Act 3981:American Revolution 3973:early colonial days 3846:The French-enacted 3821:1804 Haiti massacre 3587:British West Indies 3493:" was pioneered by 3067:African Great Lakes 2982:Indian subcontinent 2976:islands (including 2962:Red Sea slave trade 2598:Scottish economist 2490:Some proponents of 2473:anarcho-capitalists 2218:Red Sea slave trade 1838:. In the course of 1688:Slave Route Project 819:Americas indigenous 709:Red Sea slave trade 699:Contemporary Africa 562:Topics and practice 332:Crimean slave trade 327:Bukhara slave trade 280:Genoese slave trade 157:Contemporary Africa 137:Forced prostitution 35534:Post-structuralism 34288:natural philosophy 33670:Group polarization 33655:Group cohesiveness 33304:Social engineering 33202:Media manipulation 33123:Crowd manipulation 33108:Circular reporting 33026:Clever Hans effect 33006:Selective exposure 32354:WriteAPrisoner.com 32117:Protective custody 31666:Extermination camp 31597:Political prisoner 31390:Black Lives Matter 30997:Ethiopian Israelis 30647:African immigrants 30622:Louisiana Redbones 30558:Chickasaw freedmen 30487:African immigrants 30255:Dominican Republic 30048:18th-century Spain 29902:Standard of living 29606:Upper middle class 29601:Lower middle class 29192:Political prisoner 28974:Chattering classes 28946:Spoon class theory 28785:See also templates 28622:Job creation index 28586:Youth unemployment 28450:Discouraged worker 28339:Wrongful dismissal 28319:At-will employment 28192:Civil conscription 28156:Workplace bullying 28043:Affirmative action 28025:Workplace wellness 27956:Occupational noise 27592:Long service leave 27452:Overspecialization 27432:Induction training 27387:Career development 26906:Right to sexuality 26783:Right to education 26709:Security of person 26604:Freedom of thought 26418:Racial integration 26398:Race and sexuality 26203:Japanese Americans 25923:Racial segregation 25913:Racial nationalism 25380:Social integration 25375:Self-determination 25365:Racial integration 25313:Diversity training 25303:Cultural pluralism 25278:Affirmative action 25178:Racial segregation 25088:Crime of apartheid 24990:Religious violence 24493:Indigenous people 23898:Sexual orientation 23498:Unchained Memories 23003:(b. c. 1780 Congo) 22777:Frederick Douglass 22548:Ukawsaw Gronniosaw 22447:Maria ter Meetelen 22243:on March 26, 2010. 21774:Slavery in Alabama 21572:American Quarterly 21356:10.1007/bf00149085 21219:(421): 1560–1561. 20855:The Slavery Reader 20729:Davis, David Brion 20701:Davis, David Brion 20432:Ashgate Publishing 19293:. pp. 54–56. 18323:The New York Times 18084:Women News Network 17806:. January 25, 2018 17395:(April 11, 2017). 17381:on April 12, 2017. 17371:Nation Media Group 17298:on August 24, 2020 17288:"Uyghurs for Sale" 17058:The New York Times 16987:. January 23, 2003 16985:Human Rights Watch 16951:The New York Times 16510:History of Slavery 16232:, pp. 735–743 16086:Nordisk familjebok 15878:Ukraine: A History 15687:on March 10, 2008. 14920:. pp. 43–44. 14828:. November 5, 2009 14793:. pp. 59–60. 14585:(The Hague, 1918). 14508:Arasaratnam (1996) 14500:Arasaratnam (1995) 13150:. pp. 45–46. 12787:(August 9, 2010). 12618:. Ayer Publishing. 11649:. pp. 30–31. 11523:The New York Times 11516:(April 22, 2010). 11133:Palgrave Macmillan 10415:The New York Times 9529:Human Rights Watch 9046:Harvard University 8734:Dostoevsky, Fyodor 8600:on January 6, 2014 8578:on April 30, 2019. 8518:on January 6, 2018 7508:Alex Haley's Queen 7403:Alex Haley's Roots 7393:Bernardo Guimarães 6978:The Santa Fe Trail 6972:Gone with the Wind 6960: 6704:French West Africa 6594: 6579: 6548:American Civil War 6476: 6456: 6098:Blockade of Africa 5922:Human Rights Watch 5677:Human Rights Watch 5673: 5646: 5580:across the Red Sea 5556:Khivan slave trade 5544: 5493: 5471:Prague slave trade 5423:Sub-Saharan Africa 5385: 5325:is an acronym for 5221: 5171: 5127: 5020: 4965: 4923:Somerset v Stewart 4789:Council of Koblenz 4778: 4770:Adalbert of Prague 4749:Balkan slave trade 4701:Roman Servile Wars 4669: 4556:East India Company 4548:Henry Bartle Frere 4381: 4221: 4090: 4078:The Old Plantation 3965:American Civil War 3954: 3922:Haitian Revolution 3825: 3814: 3723: 3708: 3643: 3602: 3591: 3540:brought the first 3436: 3326:of the Andes, the 3202: 3138: 3097: 3082:plantation economy 2934: 2818: 2802:History of slavery 2680: 2666: 2650: 2630: 2596: 2568:economies of scale 2415:Human Rights Watch 2342: 2229:in 1924–1926, the 2156: 2144: 2132: 1947:was borrowed into 1893: 1812:§ Terminology 1469:Blockade of Africa 776:Somali slave trade 692:Sub-Saharan Africa 384:Turkish Abductions 342:Khivan slave trade 337:Khazar slave trade 290:Balkan slave trade 248:Prague slave trade 35576: 35575: 35570: 35569: 35566: 35565: 35562: 35561: 35544:Transcendentalism 35500:Neo-scholasticism 35481:Neopythagoreanism 34931:Industrialisation 34871:Constitutionalism 34751: 34750: 34747: 34746: 34569:political freedom 34086:mind–body problem 33879:tacit assumptions 33831:Spontaneous order 33821:Social psychology 33774:Self-organization 33118:Critical thinking 32880: 32879: 32847:School of thought 32736:Cultural movement 32716:Conceptual system 32642: 32641: 32578:England and Wales 32318:Prison Legal News 32303:Prison Fellowship 32261:Justice Defenders 31931: 31930: 31535:Prison healthcare 31472: 31471: 31440: 31439: 31353:Anti-Black racism 31293:British Jamaicans 31283:African Americans 31268:African Americans 31222:Americo-Liberians 31207:African Americans 31179: 31178: 31002:Sudanese refugees 30803: 30802: 30573:Seminole freedmen 30553:Cherokee freedmen 30534:Black Southerners 30509:African Americans 30457:African Americans 30117: 30116: 30095: 30094: 30091: 30090: 29928: 29927: 29735: 29734: 29731: 29730: 29727: 29726: 29629:Lumpenproletariat 29131:illegal immigrant 29092: 29091: 29004:Classless society 28834: 28833: 28733:Post-work society 28713:Kiss up kick down 28445:Barriers to entry 28410:Severance package 28242:Human trafficking 28136:Sexual harassment 28116:Employee handbook 28035:Equal opportunity 27898:Safety and health 27888:Take-home vehicle 27497:Vocational school 27447:Lifelong learning 27422:Further education 27382:Career counseling 27377:Career assessment 27154:Overqualification 26914: 26913: 26813:Right to property 26773:Right to clothing 26758:Fair remuneration 26726:Right to homeland 26674:Right to petition 26599:Freedom of speech 26491: 26490: 26239:African Americans 26186:Chinese Americans 25883:Ethnic stereotype 25682: 25681: 25550:Racism by country 25478:Intersectionality 25463:Heteronormativity 25262:Voter suppression 25010:Sexual harassment 24809:Forced conversion 24729:Cultural genocide 24392:African Americans 24211:post–Cold War era 24196:Eastern Orthodoxy 23959:Anti-drug addicts 23954:Anti-homelessness 23881:Scientific racism 23737: 23736: 23638: 23637: 23410:I, Juan de Pareja 23394:Young adult books 23201:Uncle Tom's Cabin 23044:Non-fiction books 23039: 23038: 22996:Harriet E. Wilson 22880:Elizabeth Keckley 22726:Henry "Box" Brown 22644:(1860–1965, Cuba) 22638:(1797–1854, Cuba) 22593:George of Hungary 22568:(1792 – fl. 1828) 22153:978-1-4596-0221-2 22127:978-1-250-08310-4 22106:978-0-7867-3897-7 22099:. PublicAffairs. 22080:on March 13, 2015 22070:978-0-615-62367-2 22031:978-1-85935-573-2 22007:978-0-520-25470-1 21982:978-0-520-93207-4 21957:978-1-317-82735-1 21932:978-3-906756-87-5 21904:978-0-19-502470-8 21879:978-0-521-65267-4 21838:978-1-4129-6580-4 21788:978-0-8173-0594-9 21759:978-0-544-60267-0 21734:978-1-57003-678-1 21692:978-0-429-97694-0 21667:978-0-06-437001-1 21640:978-0-393-05554-2 21562:978-0-307-77272-5 21538:978-0-8047-3521-6 21514:978-0-8131-5786-3 21489:978-1-84831-413-9 21468:978-1-59558-763-3 21447:978-0-674-02082-5 21422:978-0-8122-2417-7 21394:978-0-465-09768-5 21130:978-0-87169-040-1 21109:978-0-8195-5273-0 21078:978-0-313-33273-9 21050:978-0-547-64098-3 21022:978-0-8130-2906-1 20997:978-0-19-156627-1 20972:978-0-8101-3342-6 20947:978-0-299-07334-3 20918:978-81-85689-67-8 20894:978-0-521-54110-7 20869:978-0-415-21304-2 20844:978-0-613-34472-2 20823:978-0-941533-30-0 20798:978-1-108-63732-9 20773:978-1-139-48296-7 20748:978-0-19-988083-6 20720:978-0-19-505639-6 20676:978-1-4129-6580-4 20637:978-0-385-35325-0 20576:978-0-591-92325-4 20551:978-1-4759-6172-0 20494:978-0-521-23150-3 20441:978-1-4094-7223-0 20411:978-0-313-32543-4 20383:978-1-85109-544-5 20355:978-0-87436-885-7 20327:978-0-511-58406-0 20313:The Mughal Empire 20289:978-0-521-25758-9 20264:978-1-4008-5776-0 20233:978-0-8047-2933-8 20174:978-0-19-505326-5 20088:978-0-275-95823-7 20063:978-1-60413-217-5 20040:978-0-19-502745-7 19999:978-0-8203-2076-2 19953:978-1-55786-309-6 19871:978-0-674-00821-2 19860:. Cambridge, MA: 19845:978-1-59884-078-0 19822:978-1-59845-070-5 19813:Enslow Publishers 19785:978-0-8214-1725-6 19756:978-0-8214-1723-2 19727:978-1-135-75917-9 19687:978-0-19-638074-2 19634:. Princeton, NJ: 19589:978-0-520-21797-3 19561:978-0-86078-579-8 19539:978-81-7304-075-7 19300:978-0-8476-9947-6 19234:978-0-19-804436-9 19183:978-1-118-32267-3 19073:The Baltimore Sun 18816:on April 18, 2008 18554:978-1-84413-430-4 18391:978-1-57181-432-6 18299:978-0-8135-2113-8 18243:978-0-313-33143-5 18215:978-0-618-99238-6 18182:on March 29, 2017 18030:on March 23, 2015 17575:on March 23, 2022 17442:on March 30, 2019 17022:978-1-61219-003-7 16911:978-92-2-115360-3 16754:978-90-247-1779-8 16673:978-9950-385-84-9 16586:. Avalanche Press 16454:978-1-4443-3838-6 16417:on May 14, 2011. 16045:978-0-19-533402-9 15892:978-0-8020-8390-6 15861:978-1-139-48911-9 15823:978-0-19-514084-2 15785:978-0-521-81582-6 15754:978-0-231-03159-2 15711:978-0-9650493-7-5 15643:978-0-415-23986-8 15547:Osprey Publishing 15543:"The Janissaries" 15527:978-0-7190-1825-1 15405:978-0-19-163003-3 15271:978-0-300-12535-1 15254:Foot, S. (2011). 15229:978-1-107-08341-7 15191:978-1-85109-705-0 15153:978-0-521-08709-4 15051:978-0-8091-4134-0 15044:. Paulist Press. 15021:978-0-7538-2056-8 14952:978-0-7156-2952-9 14927:978-0-8133-3523-0 14894:978-0-521-53501-4 14800:978-1-139-50406-5 14686:978-0-8108-7528-9 14655:978-0-19-522151-0 14552:(The Hague, 1962) 14388:978-1-84718-111-4 14356:978-1-134-88112-3 14325:978-1-4691-0244-3 14293:978-1-134-91843-0 14255:978-0-231-51509-2 14225:Sophia University 14150:978-0-02-864781-4 14123:978-85-268-0436-4 14078:978-81-7040-587-0 14046:978-85-268-0436-4 14010:978-0-14-008098-8 13972:978-0-520-95238-6 13934:978-1-135-78871-1 13878:978-0-521-52750-7 13834:978-0-19-533770-9 13789:978-0-19-517055-9 13744:978-0-415-20857-4 13713:978-1-317-14718-3 13623:978-0-313-31071-3 13589:978-1-56591-177-2 13555:978-1-4384-3777-4 13485:978-1-4384-3777-4 13443:978-89-7141-441-5 13434:Yonsei University 13365:978-0-8108-7528-9 13269:978-0-520-22236-6 13231:978-0-295-97644-0 13201:978-1-315-00550-8 13157:978-0-520-05462-2 13076:978-0-8047-4111-8 13045:978-0-8047-1271-2 13014:978-0-313-01524-3 12858:978-90-04-34661-1 12785:Coates, Ta-Nehisi 12729:on July 14, 2007. 12703:978-0-465-00071-5 12688:Behrendt, Stephen 12673:978-0-226-55933-9 12642:978-0-590-37228-2 12593:978-0-8130-0323-8 12537:978-0-313-34089-5 12491:, pp. 27–53. 12475:978-0-521-52470-4 12411:978-0-547-64098-3 12372:on March 22, 2023 12342:on March 13, 2015 12272:978-1-57505-964-8 12239:978-1-870518-54-3 12211:978-0-8078-5772-4 12177:on August 5, 2013 12099:978-1-60354-045-2 12071:978-1-4429-6090-9 11804:978-0-520-91811-5 11751:World Archaeology 11709:978-1-4408-5097-4 11656:978-0-8018-8039-1 11625:978-0-582-50601-5 11583:countrystudies.us 11401:978-90-247-1956-3 11142:978-1-4039-4551-8 11108:978-93-81411-09-4 11081:978-90-04-02104-4 11031:on March 6, 2016. 10997:978-90-04-02104-4 10929:on April 11, 2016 10902:978-1-135-45670-2 10859:978-0-471-84480-8 10832:978-0-415-25248-5 10778:978-91-7346-377-5 10727:Ogot, Bethwell A. 10667:"Slaves in Saudi" 10651:978-0-674-05271-0 10542:978-0-19-959516-7 10461:978-0-691-19016-7 10276:. April 30, 2016. 10259:978-0-231-13960-1 10206:978-0-521-62891-4 10168:978-0-8203-2076-2 10112:on April 23, 2008 9797:978-0-7432-3787-1 9635:on March 26, 2017 9505:. August 13, 2007 9429:978-0-253-11671-0 9327:, pp. 15–18. 9227:978-0-87140-672-9 9216:(1st. ed.). 9214:New England Bound 9140:(10th ed.). 9099:World Archaeology 9052:on April 11, 2021 9015:978-0-19-938113-5 8965:978-0-7486-1535-3 8886:978-3-948287-06-1 8852:978-3-8252-1888-1 8837:[Slave]. 8545:on August 4, 2011 8458:978-1-4833-1147-0 8347:978-0-19-164535-8 8246: 8245: 8203:Historical drama 8160:Historical drama 8100:Historical drama 8062:Quentin Tarantino 7880: 7845:Historical drama 7841:The Slave Hunters 7741:Historical drama 7706:Iván Dariel Ortíz 7702:Historical drama 7515:Historical drama 7512: 7410:Historical drama 7407: 7358: 7314:Richard Fleischer 7173:Historical drama 7117:Thomas Dixon, Jr. 7010:Third Servile War 6988:Song of the South 6929:The Brattle Group 6696:David Livingstone 6305: 6304: 6103:Kanunname of 1889 5981:human trafficking 5695:Arabian Peninsula 5389:Code of Hammurabi 5253: 5145:until 1723, when 4986:Battle of Lepanto 4984:ended. After the 4705:Third Servile War 4572:Slavery in Brunei 4546:According to Sir 3977:Thirteen Colonies 3961:African Americans 3829:Treaty of Ryswick 3726:Slavery in Brazil 3526:Thirteen Colonies 3514:Johnson v. Parker 3462:, a 16th-century 3350:European settlers 3344:was practiced by 3342:Slavery in Canada 3312:Slavery in Mexico 3303:Slavery in Brazil 3261:, the kingdom of 3028:According to the 2970:Arabian Peninsula 2862:Slavery in Africa 2850:child abandonment 2834:Pacific Northwest 2756:and French ruled 2357:Human trafficking 2233:in 1932, and the 2223:League of Nations 2164:personal property 1921:domestic servants 1913:human trafficking 1863:personal property 1785: 1784: 1735:Freedmen's Bureau 1557:Third Servile War 1552:International law 1119:Human trafficking 881:Human trafficking 556:Thirteen colonies 374:Sack of Baltimore 142:Human trafficking 16:(Redirected from 35621: 35232:New Confucianism 35106:Korean shamanism 35076:Ethnic religions 35006:Social democracy 34881:Environmentalism 34861:Communitarianism 34826:Authoritarianism 34768: 34767: 34757: 34756: 34387:Codes of conduct 34038:World disclosure 34026:consensus theory 33794:Social exclusion 33600:Crowd psychology 33595:Consensus theory 33558:Bandwagon effect 33495:Rites of passage 33309:Social influence 33242:Propaganda model 33207:Media regulation 33036:wishful thinking 32986:Magical thinking 32897: 32896: 32886: 32885: 32749:World folk-epics 32684: 32683: 32669: 32662: 32655: 32646: 32645: 32635: 32631: 32630: 32623: 32619: 32618: 32603: 32594: 32587: 32585:Northern Ireland 32580: 32573: 32566: 32561: 32554: 32545: 32538: 32531: 32524: 32517: 32510: 32503: 32496: 32489: 32482: 32475: 32468: 32461: 32454: 32447: 32440: 32433: 32413: 32406: 32399: 32381: 32374: 32356: 32349: 32342: 32335: 32328: 32321: 32312: 32305: 32298: 32291: 32284: 32277: 32270: 32263: 32256: 32249: 32242: 32235: 32228: 32207: 32200: 32193: 32186: 32179: 32172: 32165: 32158: 32149: 32142: 32133: 32126: 32119: 32110: 32103: 32096: 32089: 32082: 32075: 32068: 32061: 32054: 32047: 32038: 32031: 32013: 32006: 31999: 31990: 31983: 31976: 31967: 31960: 31953: 31946: 31924: 31915: 31908: 31888: 31881: 31874: 31867: 31860: 31853: 31846: 31839: 31832: 31825: 31807: 31800: 31793: 31791:Maximum security 31786: 31779: 31772: 31754: 31747: 31740: 31733: 31726: 31719: 31710: 31703: 31696: 31689: 31682: 31675: 31668: 31661: 31654: 31647: 31634: 31633: 31620: 31613: 31606: 31599: 31592: 31585: 31578: 31571: 31551: 31544: 31537: 31530: 31523: 31499: 31492: 31485: 31476: 31475: 31462: 31461: 31452: 31451: 31192: 31191: 30580:Creoles of color 30563:Choctaw freedmen 30529:Black Mennonites 30462:Black Mennonites 30309:Jamaican Maroons 30265:Samaná Americans 30176: 30175: 30162: 30161: 30151:African diaspora 30144: 30137: 30130: 30121: 30120: 30107: 30106: 29934: 29835:Mexican-American 29763: 29762: 29754: 29753: 29741: 29740: 29542: 29485:Business magnate 29375:Knowledge worker 29260: 29259: 29148:dual or multiple 29111: 29110: 29098: 29097: 29052:Social exclusion 29047:Social cleansing 28961: 28911: 28910: 28900:Economic classes 28861: 28854: 28847: 28838: 28837: 28821:Critique of work 28816:Corporate titles 28784: 28783: 28703:Evil corporation 28569:Employment rates 28492:Jobless recovery 28460:Great Depression 28420:Golden parachute 28415:Golden handshake 28212:Job satisfaction 28202:Critique of work 28020:Workplace phobia 27851:Health insurance 27808:Wage compression 27776:Progressive wage 27630:35-hour workweek 27597:No call, no show 27587:Leave of absence 27437:Knowledge worker 27365:Master craftsman 27169:Personality hire 27107:Executive search 27087:Curriculum vitae 27072:Background check 26941: 26934: 26927: 26918: 26917: 26803:Right to housing 26737:Economic, social 26684:Right to protest 26679:Right to privacy 26518: 26511: 26504: 26495: 26494: 26481: 26480: 26471: 26470: 26461: 26460: 26315:Racial supremacy 26273:Jewish Americans 26251:Native Americans 26220:Zainichi Koreans 26208:Japanese Koreans 26191:Zainichi Chinese 26164:Racism by target 25941:Global apartheid 25933:Racism by region 25918:Racial profiling 25908:Racial hierarchy 25709: 25702: 25695: 25686: 25685: 25672: 25671: 25662: 25661: 25602:Social privilege 25587:Social exclusion 25515:Police brutality 25436:Multiculturalism 25406:Amatonormativity 25237:Social exclusion 25073:Age of candidacy 24873:Homeless dumping 24779:Ethnic cleansing 23764: 23757: 23750: 23741: 23740: 23665: 23658: 23651: 23642: 23641: 23241: 23238: 23234: 23231: 23209:The Heroic Slave 22964:Pierre Toussaint 22959:(1793 VA – 1860) 22923:(1827 VA – 1900) 22655:Pierre Toussaint 22490:Antoine Qaurtier 22479: 22476: 22383: 22382: 22355:Slave narratives 22348: 22341: 22334: 22325: 22324: 22312: 22311: 22287:Emory University 22268: 22244: 22217: 22212:. Archived from 22157: 22131: 22110: 22089: 22087: 22085: 22079: 22073:. Archived from 22062: 22050: 22048: 22046: 22041:on June 14, 2007 22040: 22034:. Archived from 22023: 22011: 21986: 21961: 21936: 21908: 21883: 21858: 21803: 21792: 21767: 21738: 21710: 21696: 21671: 21644: 21620: 21615:. Archived from 21603: 21566: 21542: 21518: 21493: 21472: 21451: 21426: 21398: 21367: 21338: 21315: 21278: 21257: 21236: 21213:Economic Journal 21207: 21170: 21134: 21113: 21082: 21054: 21031:Reséndez, Andrés 21026: 21001: 20976: 20951: 20926: 20925:on May 12, 2008. 20921:. Archived from 20898: 20873: 20860:Psychology Press 20848: 20827: 20802: 20777: 20752: 20724: 20696: 20647:"Slavery, World" 20641: 20595: 20593: 20591: 20555: 20536: 20505: 20503: 20501: 20473: 20467: 20463: 20461: 20453: 20422: 20420: 20418: 20387: 20359: 20331: 20306: 20293: 20268: 20237: 20212: 20199: 20178: 20150: 20148: 20146: 20109: 20099: 20097: 20095: 20067: 20044: 20016: 20011:. Stanford, CA: 20003: 19976: 19971:. Archived from 19957: 19931: 19929: 19904: 19875: 19849: 19826: 19801: 19794:Conquest, Robert 19789: 19760: 19731: 19710: 19705:. Archived from 19691: 19663: 19661: 19659: 19643:Bavis, Barbara. 19639: 19626: 19593: 19565: 19543: 19521: 19518:Gulag: A History 19509: 19507: 19505: 19473: 19472: 19470: 19468: 19457: 19451: 19450: 19433:(4): 1251–1268. 19420: 19414: 19413: 19385: 19379: 19373: 19367: 19361: 19352: 19351: 19311: 19305: 19304: 19280: 19274: 19273: 19271: 19269: 19254:American Studies 19245: 19239: 19238: 19214: 19208: 19207: 19201: 19197: 19195: 19187: 19157: 19151: 19150: 19140: 19134: 19133: 19131: 19129: 19114: 19108: 19107: 19105: 19103: 19097:Face2Face Africa 19088: 19082: 19081: 19076:. Archived from 19063: 19057: 19056: 19050: 19048: 19029: 19023: 19022: 19020: 19018: 19004: 18998: 18997: 18995: 18993: 18978: 18972: 18971: 18969: 18967: 18945: 18939: 18938: 18936: 18934: 18919: 18913: 18912: 18910: 18908: 18903:. March 14, 2007 18893: 18887: 18886: 18884: 18882: 18865: 18856: 18855: 18854: 18852: 18832: 18826: 18825: 18823: 18821: 18805: 18799: 18798: 18772: 18766: 18765: 18763: 18761: 18750: 18744: 18743: 18729: 18720: 18719: 18717: 18715: 18701: 18695: 18694: 18692: 18690: 18684: 18678:. Archived from 18673: 18665: 18659: 18658: 18656: 18654: 18639: 18633: 18632: 18630: 18628: 18617: 18611: 18610: 18608: 18606: 18591: 18585: 18584: 18582: 18580: 18571:. Archived from 18565: 18559: 18558: 18538: 18532: 18531: 18491: 18485: 18484: 18452: 18446: 18445: 18413: 18407: 18406: 18400: 18398: 18375: 18369: 18368: 18366: 18364: 18359:on July 14, 2007 18349: 18343: 18342: 18340: 18338: 18313: 18307: 18306: 18283: 18277: 18276: 18274: 18272: 18254: 18248: 18247: 18226: 18220: 18219: 18206:Cengage Learning 18198: 18192: 18191: 18189: 18187: 18181: 18175:. Archived from 18174: 18165: 18159: 18153: 18151: 18149: 18131: 18125: 18124: 18122: 18120: 18109: 18100: 18099: 18097: 18095: 18090:on June 12, 2018 18076: 18070: 18069: 18067: 18065: 18046: 18040: 18039: 18037: 18035: 18026:. Archived from 18015: 18009: 18008: 18006: 18004: 17998: 17990: 17984: 17983: 17981: 17979: 17962: 17956: 17955: 17953: 17951: 17942:. Archived from 17925: 17919: 17918: 17901: 17895: 17894: 17882: 17876: 17875: 17873: 17871: 17854: 17848: 17847: 17845: 17843: 17826: 17820: 17819: 17813: 17811: 17794: 17788: 17787: 17785: 17783: 17762: 17756: 17755: 17753: 17751: 17730: 17724: 17723: 17717: 17713: 17711: 17703: 17701: 17699: 17682: 17676: 17675: 17673: 17671: 17652: 17646: 17645: 17643: 17641: 17619: 17613: 17612: 17610: 17608: 17591: 17585: 17584: 17582: 17580: 17561: 17555: 17554: 17552: 17550: 17545:. August 9, 2007 17535: 17529: 17528: 17526: 17524: 17509: 17503: 17502: 17500: 17498: 17484: 17478: 17477: 17475: 17473: 17468:. August 9, 2007 17458: 17452: 17451: 17449: 17447: 17432: 17426: 17425: 17413: 17407: 17406: 17389: 17383: 17382: 17363: 17357: 17356: 17349: 17343: 17342: 17332: 17326: 17325: 17314: 17308: 17307: 17305: 17303: 17294:. Archived from 17283: 17277: 17276: 17274: 17272: 17257: 17251: 17250: 17248: 17246: 17232: 17226: 17225: 17223: 17221: 17204: 17198: 17197: 17195: 17193: 17176: 17170: 17169: 17167: 17165: 17149: 17143: 17142: 17140: 17138: 17123: 17117: 17116: 17114: 17112: 17100: 17094: 17093: 17091: 17089: 17084:on June 23, 2013 17080:. Archived from 17069: 17063: 17062: 17061:. June 20, 2013. 17049: 17043: 17042: 17036: 17034: 17003: 16997: 16996: 16994: 16992: 16977: 16971: 16970: 16968: 16966: 16941: 16935: 16934: 16922: 16916: 16915: 16898: 16892: 16886: 16880: 16879: 16877: 16875: 16870:on April 7, 2016 16856: 16850: 16849: 16847: 16845: 16836:. Archived from 16826: 16820: 16819: 16817: 16815: 16798: 16792: 16791: 16789: 16787: 16772: 16766: 16765: 16763: 16761: 16734: 16728: 16725: 16714: 16711: 16700: 16699: 16697: 16695: 16684: 16678: 16677: 16656: 16650: 16649: 16648:on May 21, 2009. 16638: 16632: 16631: 16606:Kizilov, Mikhail 16602: 16596: 16595: 16593: 16591: 16580: 16574: 16573: 16571: 16569: 16564:. August 6, 1856 16554: 16548: 16542: 16536: 16535: 16533: 16531: 16520: 16514: 16513: 16505: 16499: 16498: 16490: 16484: 16483: 16481: 16479: 16465: 16459: 16458: 16428: 16422: 16421: 16407: 16401: 16400: 16368: 16362: 16361: 16348: 16342: 16341: 16333:Gulag: A History 16324: 16318: 16317: 16311: 16310:|newspaper= 16307: 16305: 16297: 16287: 16281: 16263: 16257: 16251: 16245: 16239: 16233: 16213:Applebaum (2003) 16209: 16203: 16202: 16196: 16194: 16179: 16173: 16172: 16159: 16153: 16152: 16150: 16148: 16143:on April 3, 2017 16142: 16136:. Archived from 16135: 16126: 16120: 16119: 16117: 16115: 16104: 16098: 16097: 16095: 16093: 16078: 16072: 16071: 16066:. Archived from 16056: 16050: 16049: 16029: 16023: 16022: 16020: 16009: 15997: 15991: 15990: 15989:on June 5, 2013. 15988: 15982:. Archived from 15981: 15972: 15966: 15965: 15942:Kizilov, Mikhail 15937: 15931: 15930: 15910: 15904: 15903: 15901: 15899: 15872: 15866: 15865: 15841: 15835: 15834: 15832: 15830: 15803: 15797: 15796: 15794: 15792: 15765: 15759: 15758: 15734: 15723: 15722: 15720: 15718: 15704:. Mikaya Press. 15695: 15689: 15688: 15683:. Archived from 15677: 15671: 15670: 15668: 15666: 15654: 15648: 15647: 15629: 15623: 15622: 15597:Kizilov, Mikhail 15593: 15584: 15583: 15581: 15579: 15564: 15558: 15557: 15555: 15553: 15538: 15532: 15531: 15507: 15501: 15500: 15498: 15496: 15484: 15478: 15477: 15475: 15473: 15463: 15454: 15453: 15451: 15449: 15442:Building History 15434: 15428: 15427: 15420:Gillingham, John 15416: 15410: 15409: 15387: 15381: 15380: 15378: 15376: 15367:. Archived from 15357: 15351: 15350: 15338:Clapham, John H. 15334: 15328: 15327: 15317: 15293: 15287: 15286: 15280: 15278: 15251: 15245: 15244: 15238: 15236: 15209: 15203: 15202: 15200: 15198: 15184:. p. 1002. 15171: 15165: 15164: 15162: 15160: 15133: 15127: 15126: 15124: 15122: 15111: 15105: 15104: 15102: 15100: 15088: 15082: 15081: 15079: 15077: 15062: 15056: 15055: 15032: 15026: 15025: 15004: 14998: 14997: 14963: 14957: 14956: 14938: 14932: 14931: 14915: 14905: 14899: 14898: 14874: 14868: 14867: 14861: 14853:Scheidel, Walter 14849: 14838: 14837: 14835: 14833: 14818: 14812: 14811: 14809: 14807: 14780: 14774: 14773: 14771: 14769: 14754: 14748: 14747: 14711: 14705: 14704: 14695: 14693: 14666: 14660: 14659: 14635: 14622: 14621: 14605: 14596: 14592: 14586: 14559: 14553: 14545: 14539: 14538:29, no. 2 (1939) 14522:V.B. Lieberman, 14520: 14514: 14477: 14471: 14470: 14459: 14453: 14452: 14409: 14403: 14399: 14393: 14392: 14374: 14368: 14367: 14365: 14363: 14336: 14330: 14329: 14311: 14305: 14304: 14302: 14300: 14273: 14267: 14266: 14264: 14262: 14235: 14229: 14228: 14216: 14210: 14209: 14189: 14183: 14169: 14163: 14162: 14134: 14128: 14127: 14105: 14099: 14093: 14087: 14086: 14064: 14055: 14054: 14032: 14026: 14025: 14019: 14017: 13990: 13984: 13983: 13981: 13979: 13952: 13946: 13945: 13943: 13941: 13914: 13908: 13907: 13899: 13893: 13892: 13887: 13885: 13862: 13852: 13846: 13845: 13843: 13841: 13807: 13801: 13800: 13798: 13796: 13762: 13756: 13755: 13753: 13751: 13724: 13718: 13717: 13695: 13689: 13688: 13686: 13684: 13679:on March 4, 2016 13665: 13659: 13658: 13656: 13654: 13645:. Archived from 13634: 13628: 13627: 13603: 13594: 13593: 13573: 13567: 13566: 13564: 13562: 13535: 13526: 13520: 13514: 13508: 13497: 13496: 13494: 13492: 13465: 13459: 13458: 13452: 13450: 13423: 13417: 13411: 13405: 13404: 13402: 13400: 13391:. Archived from 13376: 13370: 13369: 13345: 13334: 13328: 13305: 13299: 13293: 13287: 13281: 13280: 13278: 13276: 13249: 13243: 13242: 13240: 13238: 13211: 13205: 13204: 13168: 13162: 13161: 13137: 13131: 13128:Salisbury (2004) 13117: 13111: 13110: 13087: 13081: 13080: 13056: 13050: 13049: 13025: 13019: 13018: 12994: 12988: 12985: 12979: 12976: 12970: 12964: 12953: 12952: 12951:. June 14, 2024. 12950: 12942: 12936: 12935: 12899: 12893: 12892: 12890: 12888: 12883:on March 6, 2019 12879:. Archived from 12869: 12863: 12862: 12838: 12832: 12831: 12829: 12827: 12812: 12806: 12805: 12803: 12801: 12781: 12775: 12774: 12773:on June 4, 2004. 12769:. Archived from 12763: 12757: 12756: 12754: 12752: 12737: 12731: 12730: 12725:. Archived from 12715: 12709: 12707: 12684: 12678: 12677: 12653: 12647: 12646: 12626: 12620: 12619: 12611: 12602: 12601: 12573: 12567: 12566: 12561:. Archived from 12548: 12542: 12541: 12517: 12511: 12510: 12498: 12492: 12486: 12480: 12479: 12455: 12449: 12448: 12446: 12444: 12422: 12416: 12415: 12392:Reséndez, Andrés 12388: 12382: 12381: 12379: 12377: 12368:. Archived from 12366:cambriapress.com 12358: 12352: 12351: 12349: 12347: 12328: 12322: 12321: 12310: 12304: 12303: 12301: 12299: 12283: 12277: 12276: 12260: 12250: 12244: 12243: 12222: 12216: 12215: 12193: 12187: 12186: 12184: 12182: 12167: 12161: 12160: 12148: 12139: 12117:Kozlowski (2010) 12110: 12104: 12103: 12082: 12076: 12075: 12055: 12049: 12048: 12046: 12044: 12033: 12027: 12013: 12007: 12006: 11968: 11962: 11960: 11942: 11936: 11935: 11930:. Archived from 11924: 11918: 11916: 11894: 11888: 11887: 11876: 11870: 11869: 11858: 11852: 11851: 11849: 11847: 11842:on June 29, 2011 11838:. Archived from 11826: 11820: 11819: 11813: 11811: 11786: 11780: 11779: 11745: 11739: 11738: 11736: 11734: 11720: 11714: 11713: 11689: 11683: 11682: 11677:. Archived from 11667: 11661: 11660: 11636: 11630: 11629: 11609: 11603: 11602: 11600: 11598: 11589:. Archived from 11575: 11569: 11568: 11566: 11564: 11549: 11543: 11542: 11540: 11538: 11510: 11499: 11498: 11496: 11494: 11477: 11471: 11470: 11458: 11452: 11451: 11441: 11435: 11434: 11433:. pp. 4–21. 11422: 11413: 11412: 11410: 11408: 11385: 11379: 11373: 11367: 11366: 11364: 11362: 11347: 11341: 11340: 11338: 11336: 11331:. March 30, 2007 11321: 11315: 11314: 11312: 11310: 11289: 11283: 11282: 11280: 11278: 11264: 11258: 11257: 11237: 11231: 11230: 11222: 11216: 11215: 11213: 11211: 11186: 11177: 11176: 11174: 11172: 11167:on July 25, 2011 11157: 11151: 11150: 11122: 11116: 11115: 11092: 11086: 11085: 11065: 11059: 11058: 11056: 11054: 11039: 11033: 11032: 11027:. Archived from 11020: 11014: 11008: 11002: 11001: 10977: 10971: 10970: 10968: 10966: 10960: 10954:. Archived from 10953: 10945: 10939: 10938: 10936: 10934: 10925:. Archived from 10913: 10907: 10906: 10895:. p. 1401. 10882: 10876: 10870: 10864: 10863: 10843: 10837: 10836: 10811: 10805: 10804: 10803:on May 25, 2017. 10789: 10783: 10782: 10762: 10753: 10752: 10723: 10714: 10713: 10707: 10705: 10691: 10685: 10684: 10682: 10680: 10662: 10656: 10655: 10629: 10623: 10622: 10620: 10618: 10609:. Archived from 10599: 10593: 10592: 10590: 10588: 10582: 10573: 10567: 10566: 10560: 10556: 10554: 10546: 10516: 10510: 10509: 10494: 10485: 10484: 10472: 10466: 10465: 10441: 10435: 10434: 10432: 10430: 10405: 10399: 10398: 10383: 10377: 10376: 10374: 10372: 10351: 10345: 10344: 10329: 10323: 10322: 10320: 10318: 10303: 10297: 10296: 10284: 10278: 10277: 10270: 10264: 10263: 10241: 10230: 10224: 10218: 10217: 10215: 10213: 10186: 10180: 10179: 10177: 10175: 10148: 10142: 10141: 10128: 10122: 10121: 10119: 10117: 10102: 10096: 10095: 10093: 10091: 10076: 10070: 10069: 10031: 10025: 10024: 9986: 9980: 9979: 9974: 9972: 9963:. Archived from 9957: 9951: 9950: 9948: 9946: 9935: 9929: 9923: 9917: 9916: 9914: 9912: 9893: 9887: 9886: 9878: 9872: 9871: 9861: 9835: 9829: 9828: 9826: 9824: 9808: 9802: 9801: 9777: 9771: 9770: 9768: 9766: 9751: 9745: 9742:national service 9739: 9734:. Archived from 9720: 9714: 9713: 9711: 9709: 9697: 9691: 9690: 9688: 9686: 9675: 9669: 9668: 9666: 9659: 9651: 9645: 9644: 9642: 9640: 9631:. Archived from 9620: 9614: 9613: 9611: 9609: 9603: 9596: 9588: 9582: 9581: 9580:. March 5, 2013. 9570: 9564: 9563: 9561: 9559: 9543: 9537: 9536: 9521: 9515: 9514: 9512: 9510: 9495: 9489: 9488: 9477: 9471: 9470: 9455: 9449: 9448: 9440: 9434: 9433: 9411: 9405: 9404: 9386: 9380: 9379: 9377: 9375: 9360: 9354: 9353: 9351: 9349: 9334: 9328: 9322: 9313: 9312: 9305: 9303: 9301: 9296:. August 9, 2007 9284: 9275: 9272: 9261: 9260: 9258: 9256: 9241: 9235: 9234: 9206: 9200: 9199: 9181: 9175: 9174: 9156: 9150: 9149: 9133: 9127: 9126: 9093: 9087: 9086: 9068: 9062: 9061: 9059: 9057: 9048:. Archived from 9037: 9031: 9030: 9024: 9022: 8988:"slavery, Roman" 8983: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8972: 8945: 8939: 8938: 8926: 8918: 8912: 8911: 8907:Byzantinoslavica 8901: 8895: 8894: 8889:. Archived from 8867:Scholten, Daniel 8863: 8857: 8856: 8827: 8821: 8820: 8799:"Artikel Sklave" 8795:Kluge, Friedrich 8791: 8785: 8784: 8761: 8755: 8754: 8753:on May 20, 2018. 8730: 8724: 8723: 8712:"Artikel Sklave" 8708:Kluge, Friedrich 8704: 8698: 8692: 8686: 8685: 8674: 8668: 8667: 8657: 8633: 8627: 8626: 8616: 8610: 8609: 8607: 8605: 8586: 8580: 8579: 8574:. Archived from 8561: 8555: 8554: 8552: 8550: 8534: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8523: 8514:. Archived from 8501: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8487: 8472: 8463: 8462: 8438: 8432: 8426: 8420: 8419: 8414:. Archived from 8404: 8385: 8384: 8373:. p. 1234. 8358: 8352: 8351: 8327: 8235: 8233: 8232: 8223: 8221: 8220: 8180: 8178: 8177: 8132: 8130: 8129: 8120: 8118: 8117: 8109:Chiwetel Ejiofor 8096:12 Years a Slave 8078: 8076: 8075: 8054:Django Unchained 8036: 8034: 8033: 8024: 8022: 8021: 7983: 7981: 7980: 7970:Andrei Proshkin 7944: 7942: 7941: 7933:Daniel Day-Lewis 7928:Steven Spielberg 7903: 7901: 7900: 7878: 7861: 7859: 7858: 7823: 7821: 7820: 7811: 7809: 7808: 7771: 7769: 7768: 7759: 7757: 7756: 7722: 7720: 7719: 7681: 7679: 7678: 7669: 7667: 7666: 7649:Historical epic 7625: 7623: 7622: 7583: 7581: 7580: 7567:Steven Spielberg 7535: 7533: 7532: 7510: 7484: 7482: 7481: 7436: 7434: 7433: 7405: 7387:A Escrava Isaura 7379: 7377: 7376: 7356: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7286: 7284: 7283: 7270:Gillo Pontecorvo 7233: 7231: 7230: 7219:Bernard Borderie 7193: 7191: 7190: 7151: 7149: 7148: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7048: 7047: 6611:Somersett's Case 6482:, who ruled the 6470:Chinese Emperor 6310: 6145:Slave Trade Acts 6053: 6045: 6038: 6031: 6022: 6021: 5784:forcibly removed 5750:forced marriages 5560:khanate of Khiva 5540:Khanate of Khiva 5481:, respectively. 5400:mentions slavery 5397: 5394: 5258: 5248: 5246: 5205:Communist states 5181:Second World War 5153:In Scandinavia, 5089:Poland-Lithuania 5071: 5002:Poland–Lithuania 4977:janissary system 4889:medieval England 4845:(along with the 4828:Byzantine Empire 4821: 4818:Romanus Pontifex 4813: 4681:Classical Athens 4677:Mycenaean Greece 4617:in New Zealand. 4529:Portuguese India 4517:Slavery in India 4504:into slavery on 4411: 4400:slave rebellions 4384:Slavery in Korea 4347: 4346: 4225:Slavery in China 4102:1860 U.S. census 4087: 4084: 3998:administration, 3989:Mason–Dixon line 3887:Louisiana colony 3858:and ratified by 3853: 3771:Slavery in Haiti 3741: 3715:Slave punishment 3665: 3659: 3568: 3448:Spanish colonies 3394: 3383: 3370:prisoners of war 3247:African kingdoms 3224:Muslim countries 3216: 3151:Gustav Nachtigal 3091:Slave market in 3036:Sokoto Caliphate 2905:embassy reached 2846:prisoners of war 2754:Congo Free State 2739:internment camps 2724: 2712: 2706: 2678: 2675: 2672:Slave branding, 2590:The work of the 2444:Forced marriages 2419:domestic workers 2172:classical Greece 2084: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2066: 2060: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2041: 2025: 2024: 2019: 2018: 2013: 2007: 2006: 2001: 1995: 1994: 1986: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1968: 1967: 1959: 1945: 1944: 1925:forced marriages 1867:de facto slavery 1777: 1770: 1763: 1747:Emancipation Day 1580: 1547:Slave Trade Acts 238:Byzantine Empire 80: 53: 52: 21: 35629: 35628: 35624: 35623: 35622: 35620: 35619: 35618: 35594:Business ethics 35579: 35578: 35577: 35572: 35571: 35558: 35389:Megarian school 35340:Illuminationism 35316:New historicism 35292:Foundationalism 35277:Eretrian school 35237:Critical theory 35198:Aristotelianism 35193:Agriculturalism 35183: 35177: 35111:Modern paganism 35025: 34936:Intellectualism 34810: 34804: 34762: 34743: 34591:Meaning of life 34496:unclean animals 34353:Aesthetic taste 34339: 34295:Problem of evil 34237:National mythoi 34042: 33860: 33856:Viral phenomena 33846:Swarm behaviour 33789:Social emotions 33784:Social behavior 33764:Pseudoconsensus 33715:Majoritarianism 33615:Deindividuation 33553:Abilene paradox 33539: 33475:Myth and ritual 33333: 33314:Social progress 33289:Self-censorship 33165:Excommunication 33088:Attitude change 33065: 33059: 32891: 32876: 32827:Presuppositions 32689: 32678: 32673: 32643: 32638: 32626: 32614: 32606: 32599: 32590: 32583: 32576: 32569: 32564: 32557: 32550: 32541: 32534: 32527: 32520: 32513: 32506: 32499: 32492: 32485: 32478: 32471: 32464: 32457: 32450: 32443: 32436: 32429: 32416: 32409: 32402: 32395: 32384: 32377: 32370: 32359: 32352: 32345: 32338: 32331: 32324: 32315: 32308: 32301: 32294: 32287: 32280: 32273: 32266: 32259: 32252: 32245: 32238: 32231: 32223: 32212: 32203: 32198:Women in prison 32196: 32189: 32182: 32175: 32168: 32161: 32154: 32145: 32138: 32129: 32122: 32115: 32106: 32101:Private prisons 32099: 32092: 32085: 32078: 32071: 32064: 32057: 32050: 32043: 32034: 32027: 32016: 32009: 32002: 31995: 31986: 31979: 31972: 31963: 31956: 31949: 31942: 31927: 31920: 31911: 31904: 31891: 31884: 31877: 31870: 31863: 31856: 31849: 31842: 31835: 31828: 31821: 31810: 31803: 31796: 31789: 31782: 31775: 31768: 31762:Security levels 31757: 31750: 31743: 31736: 31729: 31722: 31715: 31706: 31699: 31692: 31685: 31678: 31671: 31664: 31657: 31650: 31643: 31623: 31616: 31611:Prisoner of war 31609: 31602: 31595: 31588: 31581: 31574: 31567: 31554: 31547: 31540: 31533: 31526: 31519: 31508: 31503: 31473: 31468: 31436: 31410:Genetic history 31335: 31329: 31305: 31299: 31279:United Kingdom 31253: 31232:Afro-Brazilians 31187: 31185: 31175: 31159: 31064: 31055: 30968: 30811: 30799: 30659: 30653: 30524:Alabama Creoles 30444: 30438: 30370: 30364: 30169: 30153: 30148: 30118: 30113: 30087: 30036: 29924: 29896: 29863: 29847:Underprivileged 29789: 29748: 29747: 29723: 29653: 29610: 29570: 29552: 29471: 29389: 29349: 29251: 29206: 29105: 29104: 29088: 29067:Social position 29057:Social mobility 28955: 28905: 28876: 28875: 28865: 28835: 28830: 28826:Organized labor 28796:Aspects of jobs 28772: 28763:Toxic workplace 28698:Emotional labor 28671: 28595:Public programs 28590: 28507:Great Recession 28477:Full employment 28465:Long Depression 28431: 28329:Banishment room 28305: 28227:Refusal of work 28170: 28094:Corporate crime 28062: 28029: 27892: 27817: 27694: 27616: 27550: 27427:Graduate school 27337: 27259: 27203: 27194:Underemployment 27053: 26997:Self-employment 26972:Contingent work 26962:Academic tenure 26955:Classifications 26950: 26945: 26915: 26910: 26881:Family planning 26866: 26857: 26833:Right of return 26793:Right to health 26741: 26738: 26730: 26694:Right to resist 26644:Right of asylum 26535: 26528: 26522: 26492: 26487: 26449: 26428:Racism in sport 26326: 26320:White supremacy 26159: 25927: 25863:Ethnic conflict 25835: 25829: 25723:Types of racism 25718: 25713: 25683: 25678: 25650: 25525:Polyculturalism 25421:Civil liberties 25389: 25370:Reappropriation 25271:Countermeasures 25266: 25195:Racial steering 25161:Numerus clausus 25065: 25059: 24784:Ethnic conflict 24719:Corrective rape 24670: 24310: 24157: 24049:HIV/AIDS stigma 23917: 23866:Mental disorder 23804: 23773: 23768: 23738: 23733: 23675: 23669: 23639: 23634: 23580:Book of Negroes 23534:Anti-Tom novels 23512: 23485: 23450: 23424: 23389: 23359:The Known World 23239: 23232: 23170: 23132:Up from Slavery 23035: 23024:Miguel de Buría 23006: 22975:Wallace Turnage 22911:Solomon Northup 22843:Fountain Hughes 22685:Jordan Anderson 22672: 22666: 22642:Esteban Montejo 22628: 22622: 22603: 22597: 22571: 22542:Olaudah Equiano 22524: 22507: 22477: 22441:Elizabeth Marsh 22429:Ólafur Egilsson 22417:Felice Caronni 22378: 22376: 22370: 22357: 22352: 22317: 22295: 22266: 22235: 22206:Digital History 22200: 22169: 22164: 22154: 22128: 22107: 22083: 22081: 22077: 22071: 22060: 22044: 22042: 22038: 22032: 22021: 22008: 21983: 21958: 21933: 21915: 21905: 21880: 21839: 21789: 21760: 21752:. p. 448. 21735: 21693: 21668: 21641: 21613:Digital History 21584:10.2307/2712264 21563: 21539: 21515: 21490: 21469: 21448: 21423: 21395: 21387:. Basic Books. 21379:Baptist, Edward 21374: 21225:10.2307/2234490 21131: 21110: 21095:. Hanover, NH: 21079: 21069:Greenwood Press 21051: 21023: 20998: 20973: 20948: 20919: 20895: 20870: 20845: 20824: 20799: 20774: 20766:. p. 281. 20749: 20721: 20677: 20638: 20628:Knopf Doubleday 20608: 20603: 20601:Further reading 20598: 20589: 20587: 20577: 20552: 20499: 20497: 20495: 20487:. p. 168. 20465: 20464: 20455: 20454: 20442: 20416: 20414: 20412: 20404:. p. 316. 20402:Greenwood Press 20384: 20356: 20328: 20290: 20265: 20234: 20175: 20144: 20142: 20107: 20093: 20091: 20089: 20064: 20041: 20000: 19954: 19872: 19846: 19823: 19786: 19768:, eds. (2008). 19757: 19739:, eds. (2007). 19728: 19709:on May 7, 2006. 19688: 19657: 19655: 19615: 19590: 19562: 19540: 19514:Applebaum, Anne 19503: 19501: 19482: 19477: 19476: 19466: 19464: 19459: 19458: 19454: 19439:10.2307/3660347 19421: 19417: 19386: 19382: 19374: 19370: 19362: 19355: 19332:10.2307/2904301 19312: 19308: 19301: 19281: 19277: 19267: 19265: 19246: 19242: 19235: 19215: 19211: 19199: 19198: 19189: 19188: 19184: 19158: 19154: 19149:. pp. 6–7. 19141: 19137: 19127: 19125: 19115: 19111: 19101: 19099: 19089: 19085: 19064: 19060: 19046: 19044: 19031: 19030: 19026: 19016: 19014: 19006: 19005: 19001: 18991: 18989: 18979: 18975: 18965: 18963: 18946: 18942: 18932: 18930: 18921: 18920: 18916: 18906: 18904: 18895: 18894: 18890: 18880: 18878: 18875:Chicago Tribune 18866: 18859: 18850: 18848: 18833: 18829: 18819: 18817: 18806: 18802: 18787: 18773: 18769: 18759: 18757: 18752: 18751: 18747: 18730: 18723: 18713: 18711: 18703: 18702: 18698: 18688: 18686: 18682: 18676:Yale University 18671: 18667: 18666: 18662: 18652: 18650: 18641: 18640: 18636: 18626: 18624: 18619: 18618: 18614: 18604: 18602: 18593: 18592: 18588: 18578: 18576: 18567: 18566: 18562: 18555: 18539: 18535: 18512:10.2307/2649071 18492: 18488: 18453: 18449: 18414: 18410: 18396: 18394: 18392: 18376: 18372: 18362: 18360: 18351: 18350: 18346: 18336: 18334: 18314: 18310: 18300: 18284: 18280: 18270: 18268: 18258:Dussel, Enrique 18255: 18251: 18244: 18228: 18227: 18223: 18216: 18200: 18199: 18195: 18185: 18183: 18179: 18172: 18166: 18162: 18147: 18145: 18132: 18128: 18118: 18116: 18111: 18110: 18103: 18093: 18091: 18078: 18077: 18073: 18063: 18061: 18060:on July 8, 2009 18048: 18047: 18043: 18033: 18031: 18024:Inside Investor 18016: 18012: 18002: 18000: 17996: 17992: 17991: 17987: 17977: 17975: 17963: 17959: 17949: 17947: 17946:on May 22, 2024 17926: 17922: 17903: 17902: 17898: 17883: 17879: 17869: 17867: 17866:. June 15, 2023 17856: 17855: 17851: 17841: 17839: 17838:. March 3, 2022 17828: 17827: 17823: 17809: 17807: 17796: 17795: 17791: 17781: 17779: 17764: 17763: 17759: 17749: 17747: 17732: 17731: 17727: 17715: 17714: 17705: 17704: 17697: 17695: 17684: 17683: 17679: 17669: 17667: 17654: 17653: 17649: 17639: 17637: 17621: 17620: 17616: 17606: 17604: 17593: 17592: 17588: 17578: 17576: 17563: 17562: 17558: 17548: 17546: 17537: 17536: 17532: 17522: 17520: 17510: 17506: 17496: 17494: 17486: 17485: 17481: 17471: 17469: 17460: 17459: 17455: 17445: 17443: 17434: 17433: 17429: 17414: 17410: 17390: 17386: 17365: 17364: 17360: 17351: 17350: 17346: 17333: 17329: 17316: 17315: 17311: 17301: 17299: 17284: 17280: 17270: 17268: 17258: 17254: 17244: 17242: 17234: 17233: 17229: 17219: 17217: 17205: 17201: 17191: 17189: 17177: 17173: 17163: 17161: 17150: 17146: 17136: 17134: 17124: 17120: 17110: 17108: 17101: 17097: 17087: 17085: 17070: 17066: 17051: 17050: 17046: 17032: 17030: 17023: 17004: 17000: 16990: 16988: 16979: 16978: 16974: 16964: 16962: 16942: 16938: 16923: 16919: 16912: 16900: 16899: 16895: 16887: 16883: 16873: 16871: 16858: 16857: 16853: 16843: 16841: 16828: 16827: 16823: 16813: 16811: 16800: 16799: 16795: 16785: 16783: 16782:on May 21, 2009 16774: 16773: 16769: 16759: 16757: 16755: 16747:. p. 452. 16735: 16731: 16726: 16717: 16712: 16703: 16693: 16691: 16686: 16685: 16681: 16674: 16657: 16653: 16640: 16639: 16635: 16603: 16599: 16589: 16587: 16582: 16581: 16577: 16567: 16565: 16556: 16555: 16551: 16543: 16539: 16529: 16527: 16521: 16517: 16506: 16502: 16491: 16487: 16477: 16475: 16473:reshafim.org.il 16467: 16466: 16462: 16455: 16429: 16425: 16409: 16408: 16404: 16369: 16365: 16350: 16349: 16345: 16328:Applebaum, Anne 16325: 16321: 16309: 16308: 16299: 16298: 16288: 16284: 16267:Conquest (1978) 16264: 16260: 16252: 16248: 16240: 16236: 16210: 16206: 16192: 16190: 16181: 16180: 16176: 16160: 16156: 16146: 16144: 16140: 16133: 16127: 16123: 16113: 16111: 16106: 16105: 16101: 16091: 16089: 16080: 16079: 16075: 16058: 16057: 16053: 16046: 16030: 16026: 16018: 16007: 15998: 15994: 15986: 15979: 15975:Matsuki, Eizo. 15973: 15969: 15938: 15934: 15911: 15907: 15897: 15895: 15893: 15885:. p. 106. 15873: 15869: 15862: 15842: 15838: 15828: 15826: 15824: 15804: 15800: 15790: 15788: 15786: 15778:. p. 156. 15766: 15762: 15755: 15735: 15726: 15716: 15714: 15712: 15696: 15692: 15679: 15678: 15674: 15664: 15662: 15661:. Libro.uca.edu 15655: 15651: 15644: 15630: 15626: 15594: 15587: 15577: 15575: 15566: 15565: 15561: 15551: 15549: 15539: 15535: 15528: 15508: 15504: 15494: 15492: 15485: 15481: 15471: 15469: 15465: 15464: 15457: 15447: 15445: 15436: 15435: 15431: 15417: 15413: 15406: 15388: 15384: 15374: 15372: 15359: 15358: 15354: 15335: 15331: 15294: 15290: 15276: 15274: 15272: 15264:. p. 139. 15252: 15248: 15234: 15232: 15230: 15210: 15206: 15196: 15194: 15192: 15172: 15168: 15158: 15156: 15154: 15146:. p. 417. 15134: 15130: 15120: 15118: 15113: 15112: 15108: 15098: 15096: 15089: 15085: 15075: 15073: 15064: 15063: 15059: 15052: 15033: 15029: 15022: 15005: 15001: 14964: 14960: 14953: 14939: 14935: 14928: 14906: 14902: 14895: 14875: 14871: 14859: 14850: 14841: 14831: 14829: 14820: 14819: 14815: 14805: 14803: 14801: 14781: 14777: 14767: 14765: 14756: 14755: 14751: 14712: 14708: 14691: 14689: 14687: 14679:. p. 253. 14667: 14663: 14656: 14636: 14625: 14606: 14599: 14593: 14589: 14560: 14556: 14546: 14542: 14521: 14517: 14492:Richards (2012) 14478: 14474: 14461: 14460: 14456: 14410: 14406: 14400: 14396: 14389: 14375: 14371: 14361: 14359: 14357: 14337: 14333: 14326: 14312: 14308: 14298: 14296: 14294: 14274: 14270: 14260: 14258: 14256: 14248:. p. 144. 14236: 14232: 14217: 14213: 14190: 14186: 14178:, p. 168; 14176:Saunders (1982) 14172:de Sande (2012) 14170: 14166: 14151: 14135: 14131: 14124: 14106: 14102: 14094: 14090: 14079: 14065: 14058: 14047: 14033: 14029: 14015: 14013: 14011: 14003:. p. 208. 13991: 13987: 13977: 13975: 13973: 13953: 13949: 13939: 13937: 13935: 13927:. p. 170. 13915: 13911: 13900: 13896: 13883: 13881: 13879: 13853: 13849: 13839: 13837: 13835: 13827:. p. 187. 13817:, eds. (2010). 13808: 13804: 13794: 13792: 13790: 13782:. p. 479. 13772:, eds. (2005). 13763: 13759: 13749: 13747: 13745: 13737:. p. 408. 13725: 13721: 13714: 13696: 13692: 13682: 13680: 13667: 13666: 13662: 13652: 13650: 13643:The Japan Times 13635: 13631: 13624: 13616:. p. 277. 13604: 13597: 13590: 13574: 13570: 13560: 13558: 13556: 13536: 13529: 13521: 13517: 13509: 13500: 13490: 13488: 13486: 13478:. p. 141. 13466: 13462: 13448: 13446: 13444: 13424: 13420: 13412: 13408: 13398: 13396: 13377: 13373: 13366: 13346: 13337: 13329: 13308: 13300: 13296: 13288: 13284: 13274: 13272: 13270: 13262:. p. 148. 13250: 13246: 13236: 13234: 13232: 13212: 13208: 13202: 13169: 13165: 13158: 13138: 13134: 13118: 13114: 13089: 13088: 13084: 13077: 13057: 13053: 13046: 13026: 13022: 13015: 13005:Greenwood Press 12995: 12991: 12986: 12982: 12977: 12973: 12965: 12956: 12948: 12944: 12943: 12939: 12900: 12896: 12886: 12884: 12871: 12870: 12866: 12859: 12839: 12835: 12825: 12823: 12813: 12809: 12799: 12797: 12782: 12778: 12765: 12764: 12760: 12750: 12748: 12739: 12738: 12734: 12717: 12716: 12712: 12704: 12685: 12681: 12674: 12666:. p. 129. 12654: 12650: 12643: 12627: 12623: 12612: 12605: 12594: 12582:. Gainesville: 12574: 12570: 12549: 12545: 12538: 12518: 12514: 12499: 12495: 12487: 12483: 12476: 12468:. p. 145. 12456: 12452: 12442: 12440: 12439:on June 8, 2008 12423: 12419: 12412: 12389: 12385: 12375: 12373: 12360: 12359: 12355: 12345: 12343: 12330: 12329: 12325: 12312: 12311: 12307: 12297: 12295: 12284: 12280: 12273: 12251: 12247: 12240: 12223: 12219: 12212: 12194: 12190: 12180: 12178: 12169: 12168: 12164: 12149: 12142: 12115:, p. 322; 12111: 12107: 12100: 12083: 12079: 12072: 12056: 12052: 12042: 12040: 12035: 12034: 12030: 12020:Donoghue (2010) 12014: 12010: 11969: 11965: 11957: 11943: 11939: 11926: 11925: 11921: 11913: 11895: 11891: 11886:. May 29, 1537. 11878: 11877: 11873: 11860: 11859: 11855: 11845: 11843: 11828: 11827: 11823: 11809: 11807: 11805: 11787: 11783: 11746: 11742: 11732: 11730: 11722: 11721: 11717: 11710: 11690: 11686: 11669: 11668: 11664: 11657: 11637: 11633: 11626: 11610: 11606: 11596: 11594: 11577: 11576: 11572: 11562: 11560: 11550: 11546: 11536: 11534: 11511: 11502: 11492: 11490: 11478: 11474: 11459: 11455: 11442: 11438: 11423: 11416: 11406: 11404: 11402: 11386: 11382: 11374: 11370: 11360: 11358: 11349: 11348: 11344: 11334: 11332: 11323: 11322: 11318: 11308: 11306: 11293:"Swahili Coast" 11291: 11290: 11286: 11276: 11274: 11266: 11265: 11261: 11238: 11234: 11223: 11219: 11209: 11207: 11187: 11180: 11170: 11168: 11159: 11158: 11154: 11143: 11123: 11119: 11109: 11093: 11089: 11082: 11066: 11062: 11052: 11050: 11041: 11040: 11036: 11021: 11017: 11011:Rodriguez 2007a 11009: 11005: 10998: 10978: 10974: 10964: 10962: 10961:on May 15, 2011 10958: 10951: 10947: 10946: 10942: 10932: 10930: 10915: 10914: 10910: 10903: 10883: 10879: 10871: 10867: 10860: 10844: 10840: 10833: 10825:. p. 258. 10812: 10808: 10791: 10790: 10786: 10779: 10763: 10756: 10732:African Affairs 10724: 10717: 10703: 10701: 10692: 10688: 10678: 10676: 10663: 10659: 10652: 10636:. Vol. 2. 10630: 10626: 10616: 10614: 10601: 10600: 10596: 10586: 10584: 10580: 10574: 10570: 10558: 10557: 10548: 10547: 10543: 10517: 10513: 10500:(May 6, 2023). 10498:Hellie, Richard 10495: 10488: 10473: 10469: 10462: 10442: 10438: 10428: 10426: 10406: 10402: 10384: 10380: 10370: 10368: 10353: 10352: 10348: 10340:. p. 138. 10330: 10326: 10316: 10314: 10313:. 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Boulder, CO: 9456: 9452: 9441: 9437: 9430: 9412: 9408: 9401: 9387: 9383: 9373: 9371: 9362: 9361: 9357: 9347: 9345: 9336: 9335: 9331: 9323: 9316: 9299: 9297: 9286: 9285: 9278: 9273: 9264: 9254: 9252: 9243: 9242: 9238: 9228: 9207: 9203: 9196: 9182: 9178: 9171: 9157: 9153: 9134: 9130: 9094: 9090: 9083: 9069: 9065: 9055: 9053: 9038: 9034: 9020: 9018: 9016: 8984: 8980: 8970: 8968: 8966: 8958:. p. 162. 8946: 8942: 8919: 8915: 8902: 8898: 8887: 8864: 8860: 8853: 8831:Köbler, Gerhard 8828: 8824: 8817: 8809:. p. 676. 8792: 8788: 8762: 8758: 8743: 8731: 8727: 8705: 8701: 8693: 8689: 8676: 8675: 8671: 8634: 8630: 8618: 8617: 8613: 8603: 8601: 8588: 8587: 8583: 8562: 8558: 8548: 8546: 8535: 8531: 8521: 8519: 8502: 8495: 8485: 8483: 8482:on May 27, 2010 8474: 8473: 8466: 8459: 8449:SAGE Publishing 8439: 8435: 8427: 8423: 8406: 8405: 8388: 8381: 8371:SAGE Publishing 8369:. Vol. 3. 8359: 8355: 8348: 8328: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8295:Slave rebellion 8251: 8230: 8228: 8218: 8216: 8175: 8173: 8169:Gugu Mbatha-Raw 8146:Solomon Northup 8127: 8125: 8115: 8113: 8073: 8071: 8031: 8029: 8019: 8017: 8002:500 Years Later 7978: 7976: 7939: 7937: 7898: 7896: 7876:Muhteşem Yüzyıl 7856: 7854: 7848:Kwak Jung-hwan 7818: 7816: 7806: 7804: 7766: 7764: 7754: 7752: 7717: 7715: 7676: 7674: 7664: 7662: 7620: 7618: 7578: 7576: 7530: 7528: 7479: 7477: 7431: 7429: 7374: 7372: 7325: 7323: 7281: 7279: 7228: 7226: 7188: 7186: 7177:Vincent Sherman 7146: 7144: 7135:Stanley Kubrick 7100: 7098: 7021:The Last Supper 6947: 6941: 6910: 6904: 6895:Muammar Gaddafi 6868:Ken Livingstone 6865:Mayor of London 6819:Mathieu Kérékou 6785: 6767:Free the Slaves 6748:Thích Nhất Hạnh 6677: 6649:Slave Trade Act 6633:Thomas Clarkson 6625:Olaudah Equiano 6621:Ottobah Cugoano 6599: 6575:Olaudah Equiano 6540:Bleeding Kansas 6504: 6464: 6444: 6308: 6306: 6301: 6253:Hamerton Treaty 6219:Capture of the 6190:Capture of the 6184:Veloz Passagera 6182:Capture of the 6174:Capture of the 6166:Capture of the 6158:Capture of the 6150:Capture of the 6054: 6051: 6049: 6019: 6012: 6006: 5977: 5968: 5934: 5910: 5904: 5892: 5860: 5768: 5762: 5711: 5638: 5612: 5574:and trafficked 5554:slaves was the 5542:, 19th century. 5404:Pharaonic Egypt 5395: 5369: 5347: 5341:'s paradigms". 5213: 5207: 5177: 5163: 5147:Peter the Great 5081:Crimean Khanate 5051:Barbary Pirates 5039:Yaqub al-Mansur 4994:Tatar invasions 4961:Ottoman Algeria 4919:John Gillingham 4801:Pope Nicholas V 4785:Catholic Church 4763: 4747:Main articles: 4745: 4648: 4636:Main articles: 4634: 4629: 4607: 4582: 4570:Main articles: 4568: 4566:South East Asia 4514: 4309:Mongol invasion 4227: 4205: 4200: 4194: 4169:private prisons 4165:refused to work 4125:convict leasing 4094:Abraham Lincoln 4085: 3987:divided by the 3969:British America 3938: 3891:French colonial 3808:Saint-Domingue 3768: 3693: 3654:, in French as 3598:Statue of Bussa 3579: 3534: 3518:Anthony Johnson 3412: 3411: 3410: 3409: 3397: 3396: 3395: 3386: 3385: 3384: 3330:of Brazil, the 3309: 3279: 3267:Aro Confederacy 3149:German doctor, 3142:main slave port 2864: 2858: 2828:peoples of the 2826:American Indian 2822:hunter-gatherer 2810: 2804: 2798: 2790:double jeopardy 2770: 2762:Convict leasing 2697: 2692: 2676: 2662:Egypt and Nubia 2642: 2540: 2535: 2533:Characteristics 2480:anti-psychiatry 2465:military drafts 2457: 2441: 2431: 2429:Forced marriage 2411: 2401: 2395: 2359: 2353: 2347: 2323: 2294: 2284: 2278: 2251:in Saudi Arabia 2202:the Middle East 2121: 2119:Chattel slavery 2095:unfree labourer 2091: 1962:Byzantine Greek 1937: 1887:, a slave from 1859:chattel slavery 1828:granted freedom 1808:enslaved person 1794:of a person as 1781: 1752: 1751: 1656:Slave narrative 1612:Fugitive slaves 1592: 1584: 1583: 1574: 1542:Slave rebellion 1397: 1387: 1386: 1345: 1335: 1334: 1157:United Kingdom 1093:Yankee princess 687: 679: 678: 406:Avret Pazarları 352:Avret Pazarları 221:Medieval Europe 187: 177: 176: 115:Forced marriage 90: 49: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 35627: 35617: 35616: 35614:Social classes 35611: 35606: 35601: 35596: 35591: 35574: 35573: 35568: 35567: 35564: 35563: 35560: 35559: 35557: 35556: 35551: 35549:Utilitarianism 35546: 35541: 35536: 35527: 35522: 35517: 35512: 35507: 35502: 35493: 35488: 35483: 35477:Pythagoreanism 35474: 35469: 35464: 35459: 35454: 35449: 35440: 35435: 35430: 35425: 35420: 35415: 35410: 35405: 35400: 35391: 35386: 35381: 35376: 35371: 35366: 35364:Neo-Kantianism 35357: 35352: 35347: 35342: 35337: 35332: 35323: 35318: 35309: 35304: 35299: 35294: 35289: 35284: 35282:Existentialism 35279: 35274: 35269: 35264: 35259: 35254: 35249: 35244: 35239: 35234: 35225: 35220: 35215: 35210: 35205: 35200: 35195: 35189: 35187: 35179: 35178: 35176: 35175: 35173:Zoroastrianism 35170: 35165: 35160: 35155: 35150: 35145: 35140: 35135: 35118: 35113: 35108: 35103: 35098: 35093: 35088: 35083: 35078: 35073: 35072: 35071: 35061: 35056: 35051: 35046: 35041: 35035: 35033: 35027: 35026: 35024: 35023: 35018: 35016:Utilitarianism 35013: 35008: 35003: 34998: 34993: 34988: 34983: 34978: 34973: 34968: 34963: 34958: 34953: 34951:Libertarianism 34948: 34943: 34938: 34933: 34928: 34923: 34918: 34916:Green politics 34913: 34908: 34906:Fundamentalism 34903: 34898: 34893: 34888: 34883: 34878: 34873: 34868: 34863: 34858: 34853: 34848: 34843: 34838: 34833: 34828: 34823: 34817: 34815: 34806: 34805: 34803: 34802: 34797: 34792: 34787: 34782: 34776: 34774: 34764: 34763: 34753: 34752: 34749: 34748: 34745: 34744: 34742: 34741: 34736: 34731: 34722: 34720:Unspoken rules 34717: 34712: 34707: 34702: 34697: 34692: 34687: 34682: 34677: 34672: 34667: 34666: 34665: 34655: 34650: 34645: 34640: 34635: 34630: 34625: 34620: 34615: 34610: 34605: 34604: 34603: 34593: 34588: 34583: 34578: 34573: 34572: 34571: 34561: 34560: 34559: 34554: 34544: 34539: 34534: 34529: 34524: 34519: 34514: 34505: 34500: 34499: 34498: 34488: 34483: 34478: 34473: 34468: 34463: 34462: 34461: 34451: 34446: 34445: 34444: 34439: 34429: 34424: 34419: 34414: 34409: 34404: 34399: 34394: 34389: 34384: 34379: 34374: 34369: 34360: 34355: 34349: 34347: 34341: 34340: 34338: 34337: 34332: 34327: 34322: 34317: 34312: 34307: 34302: 34297: 34292: 34291: 34290: 34280: 34279: 34278: 34268: 34267: 34266: 34256: 34251: 34250: 34249: 34239: 34234: 34233: 34232: 34222: 34217: 34212: 34207: 34202: 34197: 34192: 34187: 34182: 34177: 34172: 34167: 34162: 34153: 34148: 34143: 34134: 34129: 34124: 34123: 34122: 34112: 34107: 34106: 34105: 34095: 34090: 34089: 34088: 34078: 34073: 34068: 34063: 34058: 34052: 34050: 34044: 34043: 34041: 34040: 34035: 34034: 34033: 34028: 34018: 34017: 34016: 34006: 34001: 33996: 33995: 33994: 33989: 33979: 33974: 33969: 33964: 33959: 33957:Meta-knowledge 33954: 33949: 33947:Meaning-making 33944: 33939: 33934: 33933: 33932: 33922: 33917: 33916: 33915: 33910: 33900: 33899: 33898: 33888: 33883: 33882: 33881: 33870: 33868: 33862: 33861: 33859: 33858: 33853: 33848: 33843: 33838: 33833: 33828: 33823: 33818: 33813: 33808: 33807: 33806: 33796: 33791: 33786: 33781: 33776: 33771: 33766: 33761: 33756: 33751: 33746: 33741: 33736: 33734:Milieu control 33731: 33726: 33721: 33712: 33707: 33705:Invisible hand 33702: 33697: 33692: 33687: 33682: 33677: 33672: 33667: 33662: 33660:Group dynamics 33657: 33652: 33647: 33642: 33637: 33632: 33627: 33622: 33617: 33612: 33607: 33602: 33597: 33592: 33587: 33582: 33577: 33576: 33575: 33565: 33560: 33555: 33549: 33547: 33541: 33540: 33538: 33537: 33532: 33527: 33522: 33509: 33504: 33503: 33502: 33492: 33487: 33482: 33477: 33472: 33467: 33462: 33457: 33452: 33451: 33450: 33440: 33439: 33438: 33428: 33423: 33418: 33409: 33404: 33391: 33386: 33381: 33376: 33371: 33366: 33361: 33360: 33359: 33354: 33343: 33341: 33335: 33334: 33332: 33331: 33326: 33321: 33316: 33311: 33306: 33301: 33299:Social control 33296: 33291: 33286: 33281: 33276: 33271: 33266: 33265: 33264: 33254: 33249: 33244: 33239: 33234: 33229: 33227:Polite fiction 33224: 33219: 33214: 33209: 33204: 33199: 33194: 33192:Indoctrination 33189: 33184: 33183: 33182: 33172: 33167: 33162: 33157: 33156: 33155: 33150: 33140: 33135: 33130: 33125: 33120: 33115: 33110: 33105: 33100: 33095: 33090: 33085: 33080: 33075: 33069: 33067: 33061: 33060: 33058: 33057: 33056: 33055: 33045: 33040: 33039: 33038: 33033: 33031:placebo effect 33028: 33018: 33016:Self-deception 33013: 33008: 33003: 32998: 32993: 32988: 32983: 32978: 32973: 32968: 32963: 32958: 32953: 32948: 32943: 32938: 32937: 32936: 32926: 32921: 32916: 32911: 32905: 32903: 32893: 32892: 32882: 32881: 32878: 32877: 32875: 32874: 32869: 32864: 32859: 32857:Social reality 32854: 32849: 32844: 32839: 32837:Reality tunnel 32834: 32829: 32824: 32819: 32814: 32809: 32804: 32799: 32794: 32789: 32780: 32775: 32770: 32765: 32760: 32751: 32745:National epics 32738: 32733: 32728: 32723: 32718: 32713: 32704: 32694: 32691: 32690: 32680: 32679: 32672: 32671: 32664: 32657: 32649: 32640: 32639: 32637: 32636: 32624: 32611: 32608: 32607: 32605: 32604: 32597: 32596: 32595: 32588: 32581: 32574: 32562: 32555: 32548: 32547: 32546: 32532: 32525: 32518: 32511: 32504: 32497: 32490: 32483: 32476: 32469: 32462: 32455: 32448: 32441: 32434: 32426: 32424: 32418: 32417: 32415: 32414: 32407: 32400: 32392: 32390: 32386: 32385: 32383: 32382: 32375: 32372:Rehabilitation 32367: 32365: 32364:Leaving prison 32361: 32360: 32358: 32357: 32350: 32343: 32336: 32329: 32322: 32313: 32306: 32299: 32292: 32285: 32278: 32271: 32264: 32257: 32254:Justice Action 32250: 32243: 32236: 32233:Black and Pink 32229: 32220: 32218: 32214: 32213: 32211: 32210: 32209: 32208: 32194: 32187: 32180: 32173: 32166: 32159: 32152: 32151: 32150: 32136: 32135: 32134: 32120: 32113: 32112: 32111: 32097: 32090: 32083: 32076: 32069: 32062: 32055: 32048: 32041: 32040: 32039: 32024: 32022: 32018: 32017: 32015: 32014: 32007: 32000: 31993: 31992: 31991: 31984: 31970: 31969: 31968: 31954: 31947: 31939: 31937: 31933: 31932: 31929: 31928: 31926: 31925: 31918: 31917: 31916: 31906:Prison escapes 31901: 31899: 31893: 31892: 31890: 31889: 31882: 31875: 31868: 31861: 31854: 31847: 31840: 31833: 31826: 31818: 31816: 31812: 31811: 31809: 31808: 31801: 31794: 31787: 31780: 31773: 31765: 31763: 31759: 31758: 31756: 31755: 31748: 31741: 31734: 31727: 31720: 31713: 31712: 31711: 31704: 31690: 31683: 31676: 31669: 31662: 31655: 31648: 31640: 31638: 31631: 31625: 31624: 31622: 31621: 31614: 31607: 31600: 31593: 31586: 31579: 31572: 31564: 31562: 31556: 31555: 31553: 31552: 31545: 31538: 31531: 31524: 31516: 31514: 31510: 31509: 31502: 31501: 31494: 31487: 31479: 31470: 31469: 31467: 31466: 31456: 31445: 31442: 31441: 31438: 31437: 31435: 31434: 31433: 31432: 31422: 31420:Pan-Africanism 31417: 31412: 31407: 31405:Creole peoples 31402: 31397: 31392: 31387: 31386: 31385: 31380: 31375: 31370: 31365: 31355: 31350: 31345: 31339: 31337: 31331: 31330: 31328: 31327: 31322: 31321: 31320: 31309: 31307: 31301: 31300: 31298: 31297: 31296: 31295: 31290: 31285: 31277: 31276: 31275: 31270: 31261: 31259: 31255: 31254: 31252: 31251: 31250: 31249: 31241: 31240: 31239: 31234: 31226: 31225: 31224: 31216: 31215: 31214: 31209: 31200: 31198: 31189: 31181: 31180: 31177: 31176: 31174: 31173: 31167: 31165: 31161: 31160: 31158: 31157: 31156: 31155: 31145: 31140: 31135: 31130: 31129: 31128: 31123: 31121:Black Dutchmen 31113: 31112: 31111: 31110: 31109: 31096: 31091: 31090: 31089: 31084: 31074: 31068: 31066: 31057: 31056: 31054: 31053: 31048: 31043: 31042: 31041: 31031: 31026: 31021: 31016: 31011: 31006: 31005: 31004: 30999: 30989: 30984: 30978: 30976: 30970: 30969: 30967: 30966: 30965: 30964: 30959: 30954: 30949: 30944: 30937:United Kingdom 30934: 30929: 30924: 30919: 30914: 30909: 30904: 30899: 30894: 30889: 30884: 30879: 30874: 30873: 30872: 30862: 30857: 30856: 30855: 30845: 30840: 30835: 30830: 30825: 30819: 30817: 30805: 30804: 30801: 30800: 30798: 30797: 30792: 30787: 30786: 30785: 30780: 30775: 30770: 30765: 30755: 30750: 30745: 30740: 30739: 30738: 30733: 30728: 30718: 30713: 30712: 30711: 30701: 30696: 30695: 30694: 30689: 30684: 30674: 30669: 30663: 30661: 30655: 30654: 30652: 30651: 30650: 30649: 30644: 30639: 30634: 30629: 30624: 30619: 30614: 30609: 30604: 30599: 30594: 30589: 30588: 30587: 30582: 30577: 30576: 30575: 30570: 30568:Creek freedmen 30565: 30560: 30555: 30541: 30539:Black Hispanic 30536: 30531: 30526: 30521: 30516: 30505:United States 30503: 30502: 30501: 30491: 30490: 30489: 30484: 30479: 30474: 30469: 30464: 30459: 30448: 30446: 30440: 30439: 30437: 30436: 30435: 30434: 30424: 30419: 30418: 30417: 30410:Miskito people 30407: 30402: 30397: 30392: 30387: 30386: 30385: 30374: 30372: 30366: 30365: 30363: 30362: 30357: 30356: 30355: 30350: 30340: 30339: 30338: 30328: 30323: 30318: 30313: 30312: 30311: 30306: 30301: 30291: 30290: 30289: 30284: 30274: 30269: 30268: 30267: 30262: 30252: 30247: 30242: 30241: 30240: 30235: 30230: 30220: 30218:Cayman Islands 30215: 30210: 30205: 30200: 30195: 30190: 30184: 30182: 30173: 30159: 30155: 30154: 30147: 30146: 30139: 30132: 30124: 30115: 30114: 30112: 30111: 30100: 30097: 30096: 30093: 30092: 30089: 30088: 30086: 30085: 30080: 30075: 30070: 30068:Ottoman Empire 30065: 30060: 30055: 30053:Ancient Greece 30050: 30044: 30042: 30038: 30037: 30035: 30034: 30029: 30027:United Kingdom 30024: 30019: 30014: 30009: 30004: 29999: 29994: 29989: 29984: 29979: 29974: 29969: 29964: 29959: 29954: 29949: 29944: 29938: 29936: 29930: 29929: 29926: 29925: 29923: 29922: 29920:Home-ownership 29917: 29912: 29906: 29904: 29898: 29897: 29895: 29894: 29889: 29884: 29879: 29873: 29871: 29865: 29864: 29862: 29861: 29860: 29859: 29854: 29844: 29843: 29842: 29837: 29832: 29822: 29821: 29820: 29815: 29810: 29799: 29797: 29791: 29790: 29788: 29787: 29782: 29777: 29775:American Dream 29772: 29766: 29760: 29750: 29749: 29737: 29736: 29733: 29732: 29729: 29728: 29725: 29724: 29722: 29721: 29716: 29707: 29702: 29697: 29688: 29679: 29674: 29669: 29663: 29661: 29655: 29654: 29652: 29651: 29646: 29641: 29636: 29631: 29626: 29620: 29618: 29612: 29611: 29609: 29608: 29603: 29598: 29593: 29592: 29591: 29580: 29578: 29572: 29571: 29569: 29568: 29562: 29560: 29554: 29553: 29551: 29550: 29543: 29534: 29529: 29524: 29519: 29518: 29517: 29512: 29502: 29497: 29492: 29487: 29481: 29479: 29473: 29472: 29470: 29469: 29460: 29455: 29450: 29445: 29440: 29435: 29430: 29425: 29420: 29415: 29410: 29405: 29399: 29397: 29391: 29390: 29388: 29387: 29382: 29377: 29372: 29371: 29370: 29359: 29357: 29351: 29350: 29348: 29347: 29342: 29341: 29340: 29335: 29334: 29333: 29318: 29317: 29316: 29311: 29303: 29302: 29301: 29291: 29286: 29281: 29280: 29279: 29268: 29266: 29257: 29253: 29252: 29250: 29249: 29244: 29239: 29234: 29229: 29224: 29218: 29216: 29208: 29207: 29205: 29204: 29199: 29194: 29189: 29187:Migrant worker 29184: 29179: 29178: 29177: 29167: 29166: 29165: 29160: 29155: 29150: 29140: 29139: 29138: 29133: 29123: 29117: 29115: 29107: 29106: 29103:By demographic 29094: 29093: 29090: 29089: 29087: 29086: 29083:Status Anxiety 29079: 29074: 29069: 29064: 29059: 29054: 29049: 29044: 29039: 29037:Ranked society 29034: 29029: 29016: 29011: 29006: 29001: 28996: 28991: 28986: 28981: 28979:Class conflict 28976: 28971: 28965: 28963: 28962: topics 28957: 28956: 28954: 28953: 28948: 28943: 28938: 28936:Mudsill theory 28933: 28928: 28923: 28917: 28915: 28907: 28906: 28904: 28903: 28896: 28889: 28881: 28878: 28877: 28874: 28873: 28867: 28864: 28863: 28856: 28849: 28841: 28832: 28831: 28829: 28828: 28823: 28818: 28813: 28808: 28803: 28798: 28793: 28787: 28786: 28777: 28774: 28773: 28771: 28770: 28765: 28760: 28755: 28750: 28748:Sunday scaries 28745: 28740: 28735: 28730: 28725: 28720: 28715: 28710: 28705: 28700: 28695: 28690: 28685: 28679: 28677: 28673: 28672: 28665: 28664: 28659: 28654: 28649: 28644: 28639: 28634: 28629: 28624: 28619: 28614: 28609: 28604: 28598: 28596: 28592: 28591: 28589: 28588: 28583: 28578: 28577: 28576: 28571: 28561: 28556: 28551: 28546: 28541: 28536: 28531: 28526: 28525: 28524: 28519: 28514: 28509: 28499: 28497:Phillips curve 28494: 28489: 28484: 28479: 28474: 28469: 28468: 28467: 28462: 28452: 28447: 28441: 28439: 28433: 28432: 28430: 28429: 28424: 28423: 28422: 28417: 28407: 28406: 28405: 28400: 28398:Retirement age 28395: 28385: 28380: 28379: 28378: 28368: 28363: 28358: 28353: 28351:Exit interview 28348: 28343: 28342: 28341: 28336: 28331: 28321: 28315: 28313: 28307: 28306: 28304: 28303: 28298: 28297: 28296: 28291: 28281: 28276: 28275: 28274: 28269: 28264: 28259: 28254: 28249: 28244: 28239: 28229: 28224: 28219: 28214: 28209: 28204: 28199: 28194: 28189: 28184: 28178: 28176: 28172: 28171: 28169: 28168: 28163: 28158: 28153: 28148: 28143: 28138: 28133: 28128: 28123: 28118: 28113: 28108: 28103: 28101:Discrimination 28098: 28097: 28096: 28091: 28086: 28081: 28070: 28068: 28064: 28063: 28061: 28060: 28055: 28053:Gender pay gap 28050: 28045: 28039: 28037: 28031: 28030: 28028: 28027: 28022: 28017: 28012: 28007: 28002: 28001: 28000: 27990: 27985: 27984: 27983: 27973: 27968: 27963: 27958: 27953: 27948: 27943: 27938: 27933: 27928: 27923: 27918: 27913: 27908: 27902: 27900: 27894: 27893: 27891: 27890: 27885: 27884: 27883: 27873: 27868: 27866:Parental leave 27863: 27861:Marriage leave 27858: 27856:Life insurance 27853: 27848: 27843: 27838: 27833: 27827: 27825: 27819: 27818: 27816: 27815: 27810: 27805: 27800: 27795: 27790: 27785: 27784: 27783: 27773: 27772: 27771: 27766: 27761: 27756: 27746: 27745: 27744: 27739: 27729: 27724: 27719: 27714: 27712:Income bracket 27708: 27706: 27696: 27695: 27693: 27692: 27687: 27682: 27677: 27672: 27667: 27662: 27657: 27652: 27647: 27642: 27640:Eight-hour day 27637: 27632: 27626: 27624: 27618: 27617: 27615: 27614: 27609: 27604: 27599: 27594: 27589: 27584: 27579: 27574: 27569: 27564: 27558: 27556: 27552: 27551: 27549: 27548: 27543: 27538: 27537: 27536: 27531: 27521: 27516: 27511: 27506: 27505: 27504: 27499: 27494: 27489: 27484: 27479: 27474: 27469: 27464: 27459: 27454: 27449: 27444: 27439: 27434: 27429: 27424: 27419: 27414: 27409: 27399: 27397:Creative class 27394: 27389: 27384: 27379: 27374: 27369: 27368: 27367: 27357: 27355:Apprenticeship 27351: 27349: 27339: 27338: 27336: 27335: 27330: 27325: 27323:Scarlet-collar 27320: 27315: 27310: 27305: 27300: 27295: 27290: 27285: 27280: 27275: 27269: 27267: 27261: 27260: 27258: 27257: 27252: 27247: 27242: 27237: 27232: 27227: 27222: 27217: 27211: 27209: 27205: 27204: 27202: 27201: 27196: 27191: 27186: 27181: 27176: 27171: 27166: 27161: 27156: 27151: 27146: 27141: 27136: 27131: 27126: 27121: 27116: 27115: 27114: 27104: 27099: 27094: 27089: 27084: 27079: 27074: 27069: 27063: 27061: 27055: 27054: 27052: 27051: 27046: 27041: 27039:Temporary work 27036: 27031: 27026: 27025: 27024: 27019: 27014: 27007:Skilled worker 27004: 26999: 26994: 26989: 26984: 26979: 26974: 26969: 26964: 26958: 26956: 26952: 26951: 26944: 26943: 26936: 26929: 26921: 26912: 26911: 26909: 26908: 26903: 26898: 26893: 26888: 26883: 26878: 26872: 26870: 26859: 26858: 26856: 26855: 26850: 26848:Right to water 26845: 26840: 26835: 26830: 26825: 26823:Right of reply 26820: 26815: 26810: 26805: 26800: 26795: 26790: 26785: 26780: 26775: 26770: 26765: 26760: 26755: 26750: 26748:Digital rights 26744: 26742: 26735: 26732: 26731: 26729: 26728: 26723: 26722: 26721: 26711: 26706: 26704:Right to truth 26701: 26696: 26691: 26686: 26681: 26676: 26671: 26666: 26661: 26656: 26651: 26646: 26641: 26636: 26631: 26626: 26621: 26616: 26611: 26606: 26601: 26596: 26591: 26586: 26581: 26576: 26571: 26566: 26561: 26556: 26551: 26545: 26543: 26537: 26536: 26533: 26530: 26529: 26521: 26520: 26513: 26506: 26498: 26489: 26488: 26486: 26485: 26475: 26465: 26454: 26451: 26450: 26448: 26447: 26442: 26440:Reverse racism 26437: 26436: 26435: 26425: 26420: 26415: 26413:Racial figleaf 26410: 26405: 26400: 26395: 26390: 26385: 26380: 26375: 26370: 26365: 26360: 26355: 26350: 26345: 26340: 26334: 26332: 26331:Related topics 26328: 26327: 26325: 26324: 26323: 26322: 26312: 26307: 26302: 26297: 26292: 26290:Middle Eastern 26287: 26282: 26281: 26280: 26275: 26265: 26264: 26263: 26253: 26248: 26247: 26246: 26241: 26231: 26230: 26229: 26224: 26223: 26222: 26212: 26211: 26210: 26205: 26195: 26194: 26193: 26188: 26173: 26167: 26165: 26161: 26160: 26158: 26157: 26156: 26155: 26150: 26145: 26135: 26134: 26133: 26128: 26123: 26113: 26112: 26111: 26106: 26101: 26096: 26086: 26085: 26084: 26082:United Kingdom 26079: 26074: 26069: 26064: 26059: 26054: 26049: 26044: 26039: 26034: 26024: 26019: 26018: 26017: 26012: 26007: 25997: 25996: 25995: 25990: 25985: 25980: 25975: 25970: 25960: 25959: 25958: 25953: 25943: 25937: 25935: 25929: 25928: 25926: 25925: 25920: 25915: 25910: 25905: 25900: 25895: 25890: 25885: 25880: 25875: 25870: 25865: 25860: 25855: 25850: 25845: 25839: 25837: 25834:Manifestations 25831: 25830: 25828: 25827: 25822: 25817: 25812: 25807: 25802: 25797: 25792: 25787: 25782: 25777: 25772: 25767: 25762: 25757: 25752: 25747: 25742: 25737: 25732: 25726: 25724: 25720: 25719: 25712: 25711: 25704: 25697: 25689: 25680: 25679: 25677: 25676: 25666: 25655: 25652: 25651: 25649: 25648: 25643: 25642: 25641: 25631: 25626: 25621: 25620: 25619: 25614: 25609: 25599: 25594: 25589: 25584: 25579: 25574: 25573: 25572: 25570:Reverse racism 25562: 25557: 25552: 25547: 25542: 25540:Prisoner abuse 25537: 25532: 25530:Power distance 25527: 25522: 25517: 25512: 25507: 25502: 25497: 25496: 25495: 25485: 25480: 25475: 25470: 25465: 25460: 25455: 25450: 25448:Ethnic penalty 25445: 25444: 25443: 25441:Neurodiversity 25438: 25428: 25426:Dehumanization 25423: 25418: 25416:Cisnormativity 25413: 25408: 25403: 25397: 25395: 25394:Related topics 25391: 25390: 25388: 25387: 25382: 25377: 25372: 25367: 25362: 25357: 25352: 25347: 25342: 25337: 25332: 25327: 25322: 25317: 25316: 25315: 25305: 25300: 25295: 25290: 25285: 25280: 25274: 25272: 25268: 25267: 25265: 25264: 25259: 25254: 25252:State religion 25249: 25244: 25239: 25234: 25233: 25232: 25227: 25222: 25217: 25207: 25202: 25197: 25192: 25191: 25190: 25188:Nuremberg Laws 25185: 25175: 25170: 25165: 25157: 25152: 25147: 25142: 25137: 25132: 25130:Ghetto benches 25127: 25125:Gerrymandering 25122: 25117: 25112: 25110:Gender pay gap 25107: 25106: 25105: 25100: 25090: 25085: 25080: 25075: 25069: 25067: 25064:Discriminatory 25061: 25060: 25058: 25057: 25052: 25047: 25042: 25037: 25032: 25027: 25022: 25017: 25012: 25007: 25002: 24997: 24992: 24987: 24982: 24977: 24972: 24967: 24962: 24957: 24952: 24947: 24942: 24941: 24940: 24935: 24930: 24920: 24915: 24910: 24905: 24900: 24895: 24893:Lavender scare 24890: 24888:Kill Haole Day 24885: 24883:Indian rolling 24880: 24875: 24870: 24865: 24860: 24859: 24858: 24848: 24843: 24842: 24841: 24831: 24826: 24821: 24816: 24811: 24806: 24801: 24796: 24791: 24786: 24781: 24776: 24771: 24769:Eliminationism 24766: 24761: 24756: 24751: 24746: 24741: 24736: 24731: 24726: 24721: 24716: 24711: 24706: 24704:Cancel culture 24701: 24696: 24691: 24690: 24689: 24678: 24676: 24675:Manifestations 24672: 24671: 24669: 24668: 24663: 24658: 24653: 24648: 24643: 24638: 24633: 24628: 24623: 24618: 24613: 24608: 24603: 24598: 24593: 24588: 24583: 24578: 24573: 24571:Middle Eastern 24568: 24563: 24558: 24553: 24548: 24543: 24538: 24537: 24536: 24526: 24521: 24516: 24511: 24510: 24509: 24504: 24499: 24491: 24486: 24481: 24476: 24471: 24466: 24461: 24456: 24451: 24446: 24441: 24436: 24431: 24426: 24421: 24416: 24411: 24406: 24405: 24404: 24399: 24394: 24384: 24379: 24374: 24373: 24372: 24367: 24362: 24352: 24347: 24342: 24337: 24332: 24327: 24321: 24319: 24312: 24311: 24309: 24308: 24306:Zoroastrianism 24303: 24298: 24293: 24288: 24283: 24282: 24281: 24271: 24270: 24269: 24268: 24267: 24262: 24257: 24252: 24237: 24236: 24235: 24233:Untouchability 24230: 24220: 24215: 24214: 24213: 24208: 24203: 24198: 24193: 24183: 24178: 24173: 24167: 24165: 24159: 24158: 24156: 24155: 24150: 24145: 24144: 24143: 24138: 24133: 24123: 24122: 24121: 24116: 24106: 24101: 24096: 24091: 24086: 24081: 24076: 24071: 24066: 24061: 24059:Leprosy stigma 24056: 24051: 24046: 24041: 24036: 24031: 24026: 24021: 24016: 24011: 24006: 24001: 23996: 23991: 23986: 23981: 23976: 23971: 23966: 23961: 23956: 23951: 23946: 23941: 23936: 23931: 23925: 23923: 23919: 23918: 23916: 23915: 23910: 23905: 23900: 23895: 23890: 23885: 23884: 23883: 23878: 23868: 23863: 23858: 23853: 23848: 23843: 23838: 23833: 23828: 23823: 23818: 23812: 23810: 23806: 23805: 23803: 23802: 23797: 23792: 23787: 23781: 23779: 23775: 23774: 23771:Discrimination 23767: 23766: 23759: 23752: 23744: 23735: 23734: 23732: 23731: 23726: 23721: 23716: 23711: 23706: 23701: 23699:Haruwa–charuwa 23696: 23691: 23686: 23680: 23677: 23676: 23668: 23667: 23660: 23653: 23645: 23636: 23635: 23633: 23632: 23624: 23616: 23608: 23600: 23592: 23584: 23576: 23571: 23566: 23561: 23556: 23551: 23546: 23541: 23536: 23531: 23526: 23520: 23518: 23514: 23513: 23511: 23510: 23502: 23493: 23491: 23487: 23486: 23484: 23483: 23475: 23467: 23458: 23456: 23452: 23451: 23449: 23448: 23440: 23432: 23430: 23426: 23425: 23423: 23422: 23414: 23406: 23397: 23395: 23391: 23390: 23388: 23387: 23379: 23371: 23363: 23355: 23347: 23339: 23331: 23323: 23319:Middle Passage 23315: 23307: 23299: 23291: 23283: 23275: 23267: 23259: 23251: 23243: 23221: 23213: 23205: 23197: 23189: 23180: 23178: 23176:Fiction/novels 23172: 23171: 23169: 23168: 23160: 23152: 23144: 23136: 23128: 23120: 23112: 23104: 23096: 23088: 23080: 23072: 23064: 23056: 23047: 23045: 23041: 23040: 23037: 23036: 23034: 23033: 23027: 23021: 23014: 23012: 23008: 23007: 23005: 23004: 22998: 22993: 22990:Wallace Willis 22987: 22982: 22977: 22972: 22970:Harriet Tubman 22967: 22960: 22957:Austin Steward 22954: 22949: 22944: 22939: 22934: 22929: 22927:William Parker 22924: 22918: 22913: 22908: 22902: 22897: 22895:J. Vance Lewis 22892: 22887: 22882: 22877: 22871: 22866: 22861: 22859:Harriet Jacobs 22856: 22851: 22846: 22840: 22835: 22833:William Grimes 22830: 22825:(19th century 22820: 22815: 22810: 22805: 22795: 22790: 22784: 22782:Kate Drumgoold 22779: 22774: 22769: 22764: 22759: 22754: 22749: 22744: 22738: 22733: 22728: 22723: 22717: 22712: 22707: 22702: 22700:Solomon Bayley 22697: 22692: 22687: 22682: 22676: 22674: 22671:North America: 22668: 22667: 22665: 22664: 22658: 22651: 22645: 22639: 22632: 22630: 22627:North America: 22624: 22623: 22621: 22620: 22617:John R. Jewitt 22614: 22607: 22605: 22602:North America: 22599: 22598: 22596: 22595: 22590: 22585: 22579: 22577: 22576:Ottoman Empire 22573: 22572: 22570: 22569: 22563: 22557: 22554:Jean Marteilhe 22551: 22545: 22539: 22532: 22530: 22526: 22525: 22523: 22522: 22515: 22513: 22509: 22508: 22506: 22505: 22499: 22493: 22487: 22481: 22468: 22462: 22456: 22450: 22444: 22438: 22437:(late 19th c.) 22432: 22426: 22420: 22414: 22411:Isaac Brassard 22408: 22402: 22396: 22389: 22387: 22380: 22379:of enslavement 22372: 22371: 22369: 22368: 22362: 22359: 22358: 22351: 22350: 22343: 22336: 22328: 22322: 22319: 22318: 22309: 22308: 22302: 22294: 22291: 22290: 22289: 22280: 22269: 22260: 22254: 22245: 22233: 22224: 22218: 22198: 22189: 22179: 22168: 22165: 22163: 22162:External links 22160: 22159: 22158: 22152: 22136:Sowell, Thomas 22132: 22126: 22111: 22105: 22090: 22069: 22051: 22030: 22012: 22006: 21987: 21981: 21962: 21956: 21937: 21931: 21925:. Peter Lang. 21914: 21911: 21910: 21909: 21903: 21884: 21878: 21859: 21837: 21821:Cato Institute 21813:Hamowy, Ronald 21804: 21793: 21787: 21768: 21758: 21739: 21733: 21711: 21697: 21691: 21672: 21666: 21658:Westview Press 21649: 21639: 21621: 21604: 21567: 21561: 21543: 21537: 21519: 21513: 21494: 21488: 21473: 21467: 21452: 21446: 21427: 21421: 21399: 21393: 21373: 21370: 21369: 21368: 21350:(1): 109–112. 21339: 21329:(3): 463–466. 21316: 21290:(2): 503–513. 21279: 21269:(1): 141–147. 21258: 21248:(4): 792–793. 21237: 21208: 21182:(2): 161–183. 21171: 21153:(2): 296–298. 21141: 21140: 21136: 21135: 21129: 21114: 21108: 21083: 21077: 21055: 21049: 21027: 21021: 21002: 20996: 20977: 20971: 20952: 20946: 20927: 20917: 20899: 20893: 20874: 20868: 20849: 20843: 20828: 20822: 20803: 20797: 20778: 20772: 20753: 20747: 20725: 20719: 20697: 20675: 20659:Cato Institute 20651:Hamowy, Ronald 20642: 20636: 20613: 20612: 20607: 20604: 20602: 20599: 20597: 20596: 20575: 20556: 20550: 20537: 20519:(3): 201–253. 20506: 20493: 20474: 20466:|journal= 20440: 20423: 20410: 20388: 20382: 20360: 20354: 20332: 20326: 20307: 20294: 20288: 20269: 20263: 20238: 20232: 20213: 20200: 20179: 20173: 20155:Lewis, Bernard 20151: 20118:(2): 170–179. 20100: 20087: 20081:. p. 49. 20068: 20062: 20045: 20039: 20017: 20004: 19998: 19988:. Athens, GA: 19977: 19958: 19952: 19932: 19920:(4): 943–974. 19905: 19887:(4): 735–743. 19876: 19870: 19850: 19844: 19827: 19821: 19802: 19790: 19784: 19761: 19755: 19732: 19726: 19711: 19692: 19686: 19664: 19649:guides.loc.gov 19640: 19627: 19613: 19594: 19588: 19566: 19560: 19544: 19538: 19522: 19510: 19483: 19481: 19478: 19475: 19474: 19452: 19415: 19402:10.2307/494885 19380: 19368: 19353: 19306: 19299: 19275: 19240: 19233: 19209: 19182: 19164:. Oxford, UK: 19152: 19135: 19109: 19083: 19058: 19024: 18999: 18973: 18940: 18914: 18888: 18857: 18827: 18800: 18785: 18767: 18745: 18721: 18696: 18685:on May 2, 2013 18660: 18634: 18612: 18586: 18560: 18553: 18533: 18486: 18447: 18426:Berghahn Books 18408: 18390: 18370: 18344: 18308: 18298: 18278: 18249: 18242: 18221: 18214: 18193: 18160: 18126: 18101: 18071: 18041: 18010: 17985: 17957: 17920: 17896: 17877: 17849: 17821: 17789: 17757: 17725: 17677: 17647: 17614: 17586: 17556: 17530: 17504: 17479: 17453: 17427: 17408: 17393:Doctorow, Cory 17384: 17358: 17344: 17327: 17309: 17278: 17252: 17227: 17199: 17171: 17144: 17118: 17095: 17064: 17044: 17021: 16998: 16972: 16936: 16917: 16910: 16893: 16881: 16851: 16821: 16807:The New Yorker 16793: 16767: 16753: 16729: 16715: 16701: 16679: 16672: 16660:Dalman, Gustaf 16651: 16633: 16597: 16584:"Soldier Khan" 16575: 16549: 16537: 16515: 16500: 16485: 16460: 16453: 16423: 16402: 16363: 16343: 16319: 16282: 16279:Meltzer (1993) 16258: 16254:Applebaum 2003 16246: 16234: 16204: 16189:. May 12, 2020 16174: 16154: 16121: 16110:. May 30, 2001 16099: 16073: 16051: 16044: 16024: 15992: 15967: 15956:(2): 189–210. 15932: 15905: 15891: 15867: 15860: 15836: 15822: 15798: 15784: 15760: 15753: 15724: 15710: 15690: 15672: 15649: 15642: 15624: 15585: 15559: 15533: 15526: 15520:. p. 37. 15516:. Manchester: 15502: 15479: 15455: 15429: 15426:, pp. 8–9 15411: 15404: 15382: 15352: 15329: 15308:(4): 830–832. 15288: 15270: 15246: 15228: 15222:. p. 96. 15204: 15190: 15166: 15152: 15128: 15106: 15083: 15072:. May 14, 2020 15057: 15050: 15027: 15020: 14999: 14986:10.2307/293259 14958: 14951: 14933: 14926: 14918:Westview Press 14900: 14893: 14869: 14839: 14813: 14799: 14775: 14749: 14706: 14698:Slaves called 14685: 14661: 14654: 14648:. p. 13. 14623: 14597: 14587: 14554: 14540: 14515: 14488:Prakash (1985) 14484:Prakash (1998) 14472: 14454: 14424:(3): 277–288. 14404: 14394: 14387: 14369: 14355: 14331: 14324: 14306: 14292: 14286:. p. 37. 14268: 14254: 14230: 14227:. p. 465. 14211: 14200:(4): 463–492. 14184: 14164: 14149: 14129: 14122: 14100: 14088: 14077: 14056: 14045: 14027: 14009: 13985: 13971: 13947: 13933: 13909: 13894: 13877: 13847: 13833: 13802: 13788: 13757: 13743: 13719: 13712: 13690: 13660: 13649:on May 5, 2019 13629: 13622: 13595: 13588: 13568: 13554: 13527: 13525:, p. 157. 13515: 13498: 13484: 13460: 13442: 13436:. p. 50. 13418: 13406: 13371: 13364: 13335: 13331:Rodriguez 1997 13306: 13304:, p. 206. 13294: 13292:, p. 145. 13282: 13268: 13244: 13230: 13224:. p. 69. 13206: 13200: 13172:Granet, Marcel 13163: 13156: 13132: 13126:, p. 51; 13122:, p. 49; 13112: 13082: 13075: 13051: 13044: 13020: 13013: 12989: 12980: 12971: 12967:Rodriguez 1997 12954: 12937: 12910:(1): 229–242. 12894: 12864: 12857: 12833: 12807: 12776: 12758: 12747:. January 1992 12732: 12710: 12702: 12679: 12672: 12648: 12641: 12621: 12603: 12592: 12586:. p. 44. 12568: 12543: 12536: 12530:. p. 18. 12512: 12493: 12481: 12474: 12450: 12417: 12410: 12404:. p. 17. 12383: 12353: 12323: 12305: 12278: 12271: 12245: 12238: 12217: 12210: 12188: 12162: 12159:, Los Angeles. 12140: 12137:Burnham (1993) 12131:, p. 46; 12119:, p. 78; 12105: 12098: 12077: 12070: 12050: 12028: 12008: 11963: 11955: 11937: 11919: 11911: 11905:. p. xi. 11889: 11871: 11853: 11821: 11803: 11781: 11740: 11715: 11708: 11702:. p. 16. 11684: 11662: 11655: 11631: 11624: 11604: 11570: 11544: 11500: 11472: 11453: 11436: 11414: 11400: 11380: 11378:, p. 173. 11368: 11342: 11316: 11284: 11259: 11232: 11217: 11178: 11152: 11141: 11117: 11107: 11087: 11080: 11060: 11034: 11015: 11013:, p. 585. 11003: 10996: 10972: 10940: 10908: 10901: 10877: 10865: 10858: 10838: 10831: 10806: 10784: 10777: 10754: 10715: 10686: 10672:The Daily Star 10657: 10650: 10644:. p. 27. 10624: 10607:Britannica.com 10594: 10568: 10541: 10511: 10486: 10467: 10460: 10436: 10400: 10397:. p. 272. 10387:Stengers, Jean 10378: 10360:Foreign Policy 10346: 10324: 10298: 10279: 10265: 10258: 10231: 10219: 10205: 10181: 10167: 10161:. p. 68. 10143: 10123: 10097: 10085:MPRA Paper 372 10071: 10026: 9999:(4): 777–803. 9981: 9952: 9930: 9918: 9906:dictionary.com 9897:"wage slavery" 9888: 9873: 9830: 9803: 9796: 9790:. p. 26. 9772: 9746: 9732:davidkopel.com 9715: 9692: 9670: 9646: 9615: 9583: 9565: 9538: 9516: 9490: 9472: 9464:Westview Press 9450: 9435: 9428: 9406: 9399: 9381: 9355: 9342:United Nations 9329: 9314: 9276: 9262: 9236: 9226: 9201: 9194: 9176: 9169: 9151: 9144:. p. 10. 9128: 9088: 9081: 9063: 9032: 9014: 8978: 8964: 8940: 8913: 8896: 8885: 8858: 8851: 8822: 8815: 8786: 8756: 8725: 8699: 8687: 8669: 8648:(1): 169–172. 8628: 8611: 8581: 8556: 8529: 8511:The New Yorker 8493: 8464: 8457: 8451:. p. 43. 8433: 8421: 8386: 8379: 8353: 8346: 8321: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8280:List of slaves 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8239: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8201: 8196: 8192: 8191: 8186: 8184: 8182:United Kingdom 8171: 8166: 8161: 8158: 8153: 8149: 8148: 8143: 8136: 8122:United Kingdom 8111: 8106: 8101: 8098: 8093: 8089: 8088: 8085: 8082: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8056: 8051: 8047: 8046: 8043: 8040: 8026:United Kingdom 8015: 8012: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7995: 7994: 7989: 7987: 7974: 7971: 7968: 7965: 7960: 7956: 7955: 7950: 7948: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7922: 7917: 7913: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7881: 7873: 7869: 7868: 7865: 7852: 7849: 7846: 7843: 7838: 7834: 7833: 7830: 7827: 7802: 7799: 7794: 7791: 7786: 7782: 7781: 7778: 7775: 7761:United Kingdom 7750: 7747: 7742: 7739: 7734: 7730: 7729: 7726: 7713: 7711:Pedro Telemaco 7708: 7703: 7700: 7695: 7691: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7671:United Kingdom 7660: 7655: 7650: 7647: 7642: 7638: 7637: 7632: 7629: 7616: 7611: 7609:Jonathan Demme 7606: 7603: 7598: 7594: 7593: 7590: 7587: 7574: 7572:Djimon Hounsou 7569: 7564: 7561: 7556: 7552: 7551: 7546: 7539: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7513: 7505: 7501: 7500: 7495: 7488: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7462: 7457: 7453: 7452: 7447: 7440: 7427: 7424: 7411: 7408: 7400: 7396: 7395: 7390: 7383: 7370: 7367: 7365:Herval Rossano 7362: 7359: 7354:Escrava Isaura 7351: 7347: 7346: 7341: 7334: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7308: 7301: 7297: 7296: 7293: 7290: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7264: 7254: 7250: 7249: 7244: 7237: 7224: 7221: 7216: 7213: 7208: 7204: 7203: 7200: 7197: 7184: 7182:Horst Buchholz 7179: 7174: 7171: 7166: 7162: 7161: 7158: 7155: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7129: 7124: 7120: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7096: 7091: 7089:D. W. Griffith 7086: 7083: 7078: 7074: 7073: 7070: 7067: 7064: 7061: 7058: 7055: 7052: 7043:sensationalism 7026:La última cena 6940: 6937: 6927:In June 2023, 6906:Main article: 6903: 6900: 6835:Jerry Rawlings 6831:Bight of Benin 6829:bordering the 6784: 6781: 6752:Abraham Skorka 6694:In the 1860s, 6676: 6673: 6653:British Empire 6617:Sons of Africa 6607:Lord Mansfield 6598: 6595: 6503: 6500: 6463: 6460: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6299: 6298: 6297: 6287: 6282: 6281: 6280: 6270: 6268:Moresby Treaty 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6237: 6229: 6224: 6216: 6208: 6200: 6195: 6187: 6179: 6171: 6163: 6155: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6116: 6115: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6083:Firman of 1857 6080: 6078:Firman of 1854 6075: 6070: 6068:Firman of 1830 6065: 6059: 6056: 6055: 6048: 6047: 6040: 6033: 6025: 6008:Main article: 6005: 6002: 5976: 5973: 5967: 5964: 5933: 5930: 5918:European Union 5914:United Nations 5903: 5900: 5891: 5888: 5859: 5856: 5761: 5758: 5713:In June 2013, 5710: 5707: 5703:Central Africa 5651:Siddharth Kara 5611: 5608: 5517:Ottoman Empire 5501:Constantinople 5497:Ottoman Empire 5346: 5343: 5283:and notes its 5229:Anne Applebaum 5209:Main article: 5206: 5203: 5173:Main article: 5162: 5159: 5113:Russian Empire 5023:Medieval Spain 5018:, 13th Century 4893:medieval Wales 4885:Hywel the Good 4874:Zanj Rebellion 4843:Eastern Europe 4824:early medieval 4744: 4741: 4685:Roman Republic 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4606: 4603: 4601:in the 1880s. 4567: 4564: 4513: 4510: 4354:Chinese Muslim 4204: 4201: 4193: 4190: 4117:13th Amendment 4056:acquired from 3937: 3934: 3907:Port-au-Prince 3827:Following the 3799:Saint-Domingue 3767: 3764: 3692: 3689: 3639:Dutch Suriname 3578: 3575: 3533: 3530: 3491:slave triangle 3400:Diagrams of a 3399: 3398: 3389: 3388: 3387: 3378: 3377: 3376: 3375: 3374: 3360:, such as the 3322:, such as the 3278: 3275: 3259:Ashanti Empire 3249:, such as the 3194:Middle Passage 3174:chattel slaves 3146:Eduard Rüppell 3055:Zanj Rebellion 2958:Middle eastern 2952:to be sold to 2940:, slaves from 2857: 2854: 2800:Main article: 2797: 2794: 2782:ancient Athens 2769: 2766: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2641: 2640:Identification 2638: 2634:Siddharth Kara 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2456: 2453: 2439:Child marriage 2430: 2427: 2397:Main article: 2394: 2391: 2376:modern slavery 2349:Main article: 2346: 2343: 2322: 2319: 2299:Money marriage 2288:Money marriage 2280:Main article: 2277: 2274: 2270:did so in 1981 2176:Medieval Egypt 2120: 2117: 2090: 2087: 2035:Medieval Latin 1949:Middle English 1936: 1933: 1929:child soldiers 1909:private sector 1783: 1782: 1780: 1779: 1772: 1765: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1743: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1726: 1725: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1669: 1668: 1663: 1653: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1641: 1634:List of slaves 1631: 1630: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1516: 1515: 1505: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1493: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1398: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1368: 1367: 1362: 1352: 1346: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1231: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1178:Dutch Republic 1175: 1170: 1169: 1168: 1163: 1155: 1149: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1110: 1109: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1046: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1002: 997: 992: 986: 985: 979: 978: 973: 966: 965: 964: 959: 949: 944: 939: 938: 937: 927: 922: 921: 920: 915: 910: 905: 895: 890: 885: 884: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 828: 827: 826: 816: 815: 814: 803: 802: 796: 795: 790: 785: 780: 779: 778: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 722: 721: 711: 706: 701: 695: 694: 688: 685: 684: 681: 680: 677: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 650: 649: 645: 644: 639: 637:Child soldiers 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 613: 612: 602: 597: 592: 587: 586: 585: 580: 575: 564: 563: 559: 558: 553: 548: 546:Spanish Empire 543: 538: 533: 528: 526:Middle Passage 523: 518: 513: 508: 502: 501: 495: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 463: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 388: 387: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 356: 355: 354: 347:Ottoman Empire 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 308: 302: 301: 295: 294: 293: 292: 282: 277: 272: 271: 270: 265: 260: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 224: 223: 217: 216: 211: 206: 201: 195: 194: 188: 183: 182: 179: 178: 175: 174: 169: 167:Sexual slavery 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 133: 132: 127: 125:Child marriage 122: 112: 107: 102: 100:Child soldiers 97: 91: 86: 85: 82: 81: 73: 72: 62: 61: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 35626: 35615: 35612: 35610: 35607: 35605: 35602: 35600: 35597: 35595: 35592: 35590: 35587: 35586: 35584: 35555: 35552: 35550: 35547: 35545: 35542: 35540: 35537: 35535: 35531: 35530:Structuralism 35528: 35526: 35523: 35521: 35518: 35516: 35513: 35511: 35508: 35506: 35503: 35501: 35497: 35496:Scholasticism 35494: 35492: 35489: 35487: 35484: 35482: 35478: 35475: 35473: 35470: 35468: 35465: 35463: 35460: 35458: 35455: 35453: 35450: 35448: 35444: 35441: 35439: 35438:Phenomenology 35436: 35434: 35431: 35429: 35426: 35424: 35421: 35419: 35416: 35414: 35411: 35409: 35406: 35404: 35401: 35399: 35398:Postmodernism 35395: 35392: 35390: 35387: 35385: 35382: 35380: 35377: 35375: 35372: 35370: 35367: 35365: 35361: 35358: 35356: 35353: 35351: 35350:Individualism 35348: 35346: 35345:ʿIlm al-Kalām 35343: 35341: 35338: 35336: 35333: 35331: 35327: 35324: 35322: 35319: 35317: 35313: 35310: 35308: 35305: 35303: 35300: 35298: 35295: 35293: 35290: 35288: 35285: 35283: 35280: 35278: 35275: 35273: 35270: 35268: 35265: 35263: 35260: 35258: 35255: 35253: 35250: 35248: 35245: 35243: 35240: 35238: 35235: 35233: 35229: 35226: 35224: 35221: 35219: 35216: 35214: 35211: 35209: 35206: 35204: 35201: 35199: 35196: 35194: 35191: 35190: 35188: 35186: 35180: 35174: 35171: 35169: 35166: 35164: 35161: 35159: 35156: 35154: 35151: 35149: 35146: 35144: 35141: 35139: 35136: 35134: 35130: 35126: 35122: 35119: 35117: 35114: 35112: 35109: 35107: 35104: 35102: 35099: 35097: 35094: 35092: 35089: 35087: 35084: 35082: 35079: 35077: 35074: 35070: 35067: 35066: 35065: 35062: 35060: 35057: 35055: 35052: 35050: 35047: 35045: 35042: 35040: 35037: 35036: 35034: 35032: 35028: 35022: 35019: 35017: 35014: 35012: 35009: 35007: 35004: 35002: 34999: 34997: 34996:Republicanism 34994: 34992: 34989: 34987: 34984: 34982: 34981:Progressivism 34979: 34977: 34974: 34972: 34969: 34967: 34964: 34962: 34959: 34957: 34954: 34952: 34949: 34947: 34944: 34942: 34939: 34937: 34934: 34932: 34929: 34927: 34926:Individualism 34924: 34922: 34919: 34917: 34914: 34912: 34909: 34907: 34904: 34902: 34899: 34897: 34894: 34892: 34889: 34887: 34884: 34882: 34879: 34877: 34874: 34872: 34869: 34867: 34864: 34862: 34859: 34857: 34854: 34852: 34849: 34847: 34844: 34842: 34839: 34837: 34834: 34832: 34829: 34827: 34824: 34822: 34819: 34818: 34816: 34814: 34807: 34801: 34798: 34796: 34793: 34791: 34788: 34786: 34783: 34781: 34778: 34777: 34775: 34773: 34769: 34765: 34758: 34754: 34740: 34737: 34735: 34732: 34730: 34726: 34723: 34721: 34718: 34716: 34713: 34711: 34708: 34706: 34703: 34701: 34698: 34696: 34693: 34691: 34688: 34686: 34683: 34681: 34678: 34676: 34675:Social stigma 34673: 34671: 34668: 34664: 34661: 34660: 34659: 34656: 34654: 34651: 34649: 34646: 34644: 34641: 34639: 34636: 34634: 34631: 34629: 34626: 34624: 34621: 34619: 34616: 34614: 34611: 34609: 34606: 34602: 34599: 34598: 34597: 34594: 34592: 34589: 34587: 34584: 34582: 34579: 34577: 34574: 34570: 34567: 34566: 34565: 34562: 34558: 34555: 34553: 34552:jurisprudence 34550: 34549: 34548: 34545: 34543: 34540: 34538: 34535: 34533: 34530: 34528: 34525: 34523: 34520: 34518: 34515: 34513: 34509: 34506: 34504: 34501: 34497: 34494: 34493: 34492: 34489: 34487: 34486:Family values 34484: 34482: 34479: 34477: 34474: 34472: 34469: 34467: 34466:Entertainment 34464: 34460: 34457: 34456: 34455: 34452: 34450: 34447: 34443: 34440: 34438: 34435: 34434: 34433: 34430: 34428: 34425: 34423: 34420: 34418: 34415: 34413: 34410: 34408: 34405: 34403: 34400: 34398: 34395: 34393: 34390: 34388: 34385: 34383: 34380: 34378: 34375: 34373: 34370: 34368: 34364: 34361: 34359: 34356: 34354: 34351: 34350: 34348: 34346: 34342: 34336: 34335:Unobservables 34333: 34331: 34328: 34326: 34323: 34321: 34318: 34316: 34313: 34311: 34308: 34306: 34303: 34301: 34298: 34296: 34293: 34289: 34286: 34285: 34284: 34281: 34277: 34274: 34273: 34272: 34269: 34265: 34262: 34261: 34260: 34257: 34255: 34252: 34248: 34247:philosophical 34245: 34244: 34243: 34240: 34238: 34235: 34231: 34228: 34227: 34226: 34223: 34221: 34218: 34216: 34213: 34211: 34208: 34206: 34203: 34201: 34198: 34196: 34193: 34191: 34188: 34186: 34183: 34181: 34178: 34176: 34173: 34171: 34168: 34166: 34163: 34161: 34157: 34154: 34152: 34149: 34147: 34144: 34142: 34138: 34135: 34133: 34130: 34128: 34125: 34121: 34118: 34117: 34116: 34113: 34111: 34110:Creation myth 34108: 34104: 34101: 34100: 34099: 34096: 34094: 34091: 34087: 34084: 34083: 34082: 34081:Consciousness 34079: 34077: 34074: 34072: 34069: 34067: 34064: 34062: 34059: 34057: 34054: 34053: 34051: 34049: 34045: 34039: 34036: 34032: 34029: 34027: 34024: 34023: 34022: 34019: 34015: 34012: 34011: 34010: 34007: 34005: 34002: 34000: 33997: 33993: 33990: 33988: 33985: 33984: 33983: 33980: 33978: 33975: 33973: 33970: 33968: 33965: 33963: 33960: 33958: 33955: 33953: 33950: 33948: 33945: 33943: 33940: 33938: 33935: 33931: 33928: 33927: 33926: 33923: 33921: 33918: 33914: 33911: 33909: 33906: 33905: 33904: 33901: 33897: 33894: 33893: 33892: 33889: 33887: 33884: 33880: 33877: 33876: 33875: 33872: 33871: 33869: 33867: 33863: 33857: 33854: 33852: 33849: 33847: 33844: 33842: 33839: 33837: 33834: 33832: 33829: 33827: 33824: 33822: 33819: 33817: 33814: 33812: 33809: 33805: 33802: 33801: 33800: 33797: 33795: 33792: 33790: 33787: 33785: 33782: 33780: 33779:Social action 33777: 33775: 33772: 33770: 33767: 33765: 33762: 33760: 33757: 33755: 33752: 33750: 33749:Peer pressure 33747: 33745: 33742: 33740: 33737: 33735: 33732: 33730: 33727: 33725: 33722: 33720: 33716: 33713: 33711: 33708: 33706: 33703: 33701: 33698: 33696: 33693: 33691: 33688: 33686: 33683: 33681: 33680:Herd behavior 33678: 33676: 33673: 33671: 33668: 33666: 33665:Group emotion 33663: 33661: 33658: 33656: 33653: 33651: 33648: 33646: 33643: 33641: 33638: 33636: 33633: 33631: 33628: 33626: 33623: 33621: 33618: 33616: 33613: 33611: 33608: 33606: 33603: 33601: 33598: 33596: 33593: 33591: 33588: 33586: 33583: 33581: 33578: 33574: 33571: 33570: 33569: 33566: 33564: 33561: 33559: 33556: 33554: 33551: 33550: 33548: 33546: 33542: 33536: 33533: 33531: 33528: 33526: 33523: 33521: 33517: 33516:Social status 33513: 33510: 33508: 33505: 33501: 33498: 33497: 33496: 33493: 33491: 33488: 33486: 33483: 33481: 33478: 33476: 33473: 33471: 33468: 33466: 33463: 33461: 33458: 33456: 33453: 33449: 33446: 33445: 33444: 33441: 33437: 33434: 33433: 33432: 33429: 33427: 33424: 33422: 33419: 33417: 33413: 33410: 33408: 33405: 33403: 33399: 33395: 33392: 33390: 33387: 33385: 33382: 33380: 33377: 33375: 33372: 33370: 33367: 33365: 33362: 33358: 33355: 33353: 33350: 33349: 33348: 33345: 33344: 33342: 33340: 33336: 33330: 33329:Woozle effect 33327: 33325: 33324:Systemic bias 33322: 33320: 33317: 33315: 33312: 33310: 33307: 33305: 33302: 33300: 33297: 33295: 33294:Social change 33292: 33290: 33287: 33285: 33282: 33280: 33277: 33275: 33272: 33270: 33267: 33263: 33260: 33259: 33258: 33255: 33253: 33250: 33248: 33245: 33243: 33240: 33238: 33235: 33233: 33230: 33228: 33225: 33223: 33220: 33218: 33215: 33213: 33210: 33208: 33205: 33203: 33200: 33198: 33195: 33193: 33190: 33188: 33185: 33181: 33178: 33177: 33176: 33173: 33171: 33170:Fearmongering 33168: 33166: 33163: 33161: 33158: 33154: 33151: 33149: 33146: 33145: 33144: 33141: 33139: 33136: 33134: 33133:Deprogramming 33131: 33129: 33126: 33124: 33121: 33119: 33116: 33114: 33111: 33109: 33106: 33104: 33101: 33099: 33096: 33094: 33091: 33089: 33086: 33084: 33081: 33079: 33076: 33074: 33071: 33070: 33068: 33062: 33054: 33051: 33050: 33049: 33046: 33044: 33041: 33037: 33034: 33032: 33029: 33027: 33024: 33023: 33022: 33019: 33017: 33014: 33012: 33009: 33007: 33004: 33002: 32999: 32997: 32994: 32992: 32989: 32987: 32984: 32982: 32979: 32977: 32974: 32972: 32971:Filter bubble 32969: 32967: 32966:Ethnocentrism 32964: 32962: 32959: 32957: 32954: 32952: 32949: 32947: 32944: 32942: 32939: 32935: 32932: 32931: 32930: 32927: 32925: 32922: 32920: 32917: 32915: 32912: 32910: 32907: 32906: 32904: 32902: 32898: 32894: 32887: 32883: 32873: 32870: 32868: 32865: 32863: 32860: 32858: 32855: 32853: 32850: 32848: 32845: 32843: 32840: 32838: 32835: 32833: 32830: 32828: 32825: 32823: 32822:Point of view 32820: 32818: 32815: 32813: 32810: 32808: 32805: 32803: 32800: 32798: 32797:Metanarrative 32795: 32793: 32790: 32788: 32784: 32781: 32779: 32776: 32774: 32771: 32769: 32766: 32764: 32761: 32759: 32755: 32752: 32750: 32746: 32742: 32739: 32737: 32734: 32732: 32729: 32727: 32724: 32722: 32719: 32717: 32714: 32712: 32708: 32705: 32703: 32699: 32698:Basic beliefs 32696: 32695: 32692: 32688:Related terms 32685: 32681: 32677: 32670: 32665: 32663: 32658: 32656: 32651: 32650: 32647: 32634: 32625: 32622: 32613: 32612: 32609: 32602: 32601:United States 32598: 32593: 32589: 32586: 32582: 32579: 32575: 32572: 32568: 32567: 32563: 32560: 32556: 32553: 32549: 32544: 32540: 32539: 32537: 32533: 32530: 32526: 32523: 32519: 32516: 32512: 32509: 32505: 32502: 32498: 32495: 32491: 32488: 32484: 32481: 32477: 32474: 32470: 32467: 32463: 32460: 32456: 32453: 32449: 32446: 32442: 32439: 32435: 32432: 32428: 32427: 32425: 32423: 32419: 32412: 32408: 32405: 32401: 32398: 32394: 32393: 32391: 32387: 32380: 32376: 32373: 32369: 32368: 32366: 32362: 32355: 32351: 32348: 32344: 32341: 32337: 32334: 32330: 32327: 32323: 32320: 32319: 32314: 32311: 32307: 32304: 32300: 32297: 32293: 32290: 32286: 32283: 32279: 32276: 32272: 32269: 32265: 32262: 32258: 32255: 32251: 32248: 32244: 32241: 32237: 32234: 32230: 32226: 32222: 32221: 32219: 32217:Organizations 32215: 32206: 32205:United States 32202: 32201: 32199: 32195: 32192: 32188: 32185: 32181: 32178: 32174: 32171: 32167: 32164: 32160: 32157: 32153: 32148: 32147:United States 32144: 32143: 32141: 32137: 32132: 32131:United States 32128: 32127: 32125: 32121: 32118: 32114: 32109: 32108:United States 32105: 32104: 32102: 32098: 32095: 32091: 32088: 32084: 32081: 32080:Mobile phones 32077: 32074: 32070: 32067: 32063: 32060: 32056: 32053: 32049: 32046: 32042: 32037: 32036:United States 32033: 32032: 32030: 32026: 32025: 32023: 32021:Social issues 32019: 32012: 32008: 32005: 32001: 31998: 31994: 31989: 31985: 31982: 31978: 31977: 31975: 31971: 31966: 31965:United States 31962: 31961: 31959: 31955: 31952: 31948: 31945: 31941: 31940: 31938: 31934: 31923: 31919: 31914: 31910: 31909: 31907: 31903: 31902: 31900: 31898: 31894: 31887: 31883: 31880: 31879:Trusty system 31876: 31873: 31869: 31866: 31862: 31859: 31855: 31852: 31848: 31845: 31841: 31838: 31834: 31831: 31827: 31824: 31820: 31819: 31817: 31813: 31806: 31802: 31799: 31795: 31792: 31788: 31785: 31781: 31778: 31774: 31771: 31767: 31766: 31764: 31760: 31753: 31749: 31746: 31742: 31739: 31735: 31732: 31728: 31725: 31721: 31718: 31714: 31709: 31705: 31702: 31698: 31697: 31695: 31691: 31688: 31684: 31681: 31677: 31674: 31670: 31667: 31663: 31660: 31656: 31653: 31649: 31646: 31642: 31641: 31639: 31635: 31632: 31630: 31626: 31619: 31615: 31612: 31608: 31605: 31601: 31598: 31594: 31591: 31587: 31584: 31580: 31577: 31573: 31570: 31566: 31565: 31563: 31561: 31557: 31550: 31546: 31543: 31539: 31536: 31532: 31529: 31525: 31522: 31518: 31517: 31515: 31511: 31507: 31506:Incarceration 31500: 31495: 31493: 31488: 31486: 31481: 31480: 31477: 31465: 31457: 31455: 31447: 31446: 31443: 31431: 31428: 31427: 31426: 31423: 31421: 31418: 31416: 31413: 31411: 31408: 31406: 31403: 31401: 31398: 31396: 31393: 31391: 31388: 31384: 31381: 31379: 31376: 31374: 31371: 31369: 31366: 31364: 31361: 31360: 31359: 31356: 31354: 31351: 31349: 31346: 31344: 31341: 31340: 31338: 31332: 31326: 31323: 31319: 31316: 31315: 31314: 31311: 31310: 31308: 31302: 31294: 31291: 31289: 31286: 31284: 31281: 31280: 31278: 31274: 31271: 31269: 31266: 31265: 31263: 31262: 31260: 31256: 31248: 31245: 31244: 31243:Sierra Leone 31242: 31238: 31235: 31233: 31230: 31229: 31227: 31223: 31220: 31219: 31217: 31213: 31210: 31208: 31205: 31204: 31202: 31201: 31199: 31197: 31193: 31190: 31186:Afro-American 31182: 31172: 31169: 31168: 31166: 31162: 31154: 31151: 31150: 31149: 31146: 31144: 31141: 31139: 31136: 31134: 31131: 31127: 31124: 31122: 31119: 31118: 31117: 31114: 31108: 31105: 31104: 31103: 31100: 31099: 31097: 31095: 31092: 31088: 31085: 31083: 31080: 31079: 31078: 31075: 31073: 31070: 31069: 31067: 31062: 31058: 31052: 31049: 31047: 31044: 31040: 31037: 31036: 31035: 31032: 31030: 31027: 31025: 31022: 31020: 31017: 31015: 31012: 31010: 31007: 31003: 31000: 30998: 30995: 30994: 30993: 30990: 30988: 30985: 30983: 30980: 30979: 30977: 30975: 30971: 30963: 30960: 30958: 30955: 30953: 30950: 30948: 30945: 30943: 30940: 30939: 30938: 30935: 30933: 30930: 30928: 30925: 30923: 30920: 30918: 30915: 30913: 30910: 30908: 30905: 30903: 30900: 30898: 30895: 30893: 30890: 30888: 30885: 30883: 30880: 30878: 30875: 30871: 30868: 30867: 30866: 30863: 30861: 30858: 30854: 30851: 30850: 30849: 30846: 30844: 30841: 30839: 30836: 30834: 30831: 30829: 30826: 30824: 30821: 30820: 30818: 30815: 30810: 30806: 30796: 30793: 30791: 30788: 30784: 30781: 30779: 30776: 30774: 30771: 30769: 30766: 30764: 30761: 30760: 30759: 30756: 30754: 30751: 30749: 30746: 30744: 30741: 30737: 30734: 30732: 30729: 30727: 30724: 30723: 30722: 30721:French Guiana 30719: 30717: 30714: 30710: 30707: 30706: 30705: 30702: 30700: 30697: 30693: 30690: 30688: 30685: 30683: 30680: 30679: 30678: 30675: 30673: 30670: 30668: 30665: 30664: 30662: 30656: 30648: 30645: 30643: 30640: 30638: 30637:Somali Bantus 30635: 30633: 30630: 30628: 30625: 30623: 30620: 30618: 30615: 30613: 30610: 30608: 30605: 30603: 30600: 30598: 30595: 30593: 30590: 30586: 30583: 30581: 30578: 30574: 30571: 30569: 30566: 30564: 30561: 30559: 30556: 30554: 30551: 30550: 30549: 30545: 30544:Black Indians 30542: 30540: 30537: 30535: 30532: 30530: 30527: 30525: 30522: 30520: 30517: 30515: 30514:Affrilachians 30512: 30511: 30510: 30507: 30506: 30504: 30500: 30497: 30496: 30495: 30492: 30488: 30485: 30483: 30480: 30478: 30475: 30473: 30472:New Brunswick 30470: 30468: 30465: 30463: 30460: 30458: 30455: 30454: 30453: 30450: 30449: 30447: 30441: 30433: 30430: 30429: 30428: 30425: 30423: 30420: 30416: 30415:Miskito Sambu 30413: 30412: 30411: 30408: 30406: 30403: 30401: 30398: 30396: 30393: 30391: 30388: 30384: 30381: 30380: 30379: 30376: 30375: 30373: 30367: 30361: 30358: 30354: 30351: 30349: 30348:Dougla people 30346: 30345: 30344: 30341: 30337: 30334: 30333: 30332: 30329: 30327: 30324: 30322: 30319: 30317: 30314: 30310: 30307: 30305: 30302: 30300: 30297: 30296: 30295: 30292: 30288: 30285: 30283: 30280: 30279: 30278: 30275: 30273: 30270: 30266: 30263: 30261: 30258: 30257: 30256: 30253: 30251: 30248: 30246: 30243: 30239: 30238:Ganga-Longoba 30236: 30234: 30231: 30229: 30226: 30225: 30224: 30221: 30219: 30216: 30214: 30211: 30209: 30206: 30204: 30201: 30199: 30196: 30194: 30191: 30189: 30186: 30185: 30183: 30181: 30177: 30174: 30172: 30171:Latin America 30167: 30163: 30160: 30156: 30152: 30145: 30140: 30138: 30133: 30131: 30126: 30125: 30122: 30110: 30102: 30101: 30098: 30084: 30081: 30079: 30076: 30074: 30071: 30069: 30066: 30064: 30061: 30059: 30056: 30054: 30051: 30049: 30046: 30045: 30043: 30039: 30033: 30032:United States 30030: 30028: 30025: 30023: 30020: 30018: 30015: 30013: 30010: 30008: 30005: 30003: 30000: 29998: 29995: 29993: 29990: 29988: 29985: 29983: 29980: 29978: 29975: 29973: 29970: 29968: 29965: 29963: 29960: 29958: 29955: 29953: 29950: 29948: 29945: 29943: 29940: 29939: 29937: 29933:Other regions 29931: 29921: 29918: 29916: 29913: 29911: 29908: 29907: 29905: 29903: 29899: 29893: 29890: 29888: 29885: 29883: 29880: 29878: 29875: 29874: 29872: 29870: 29866: 29858: 29855: 29853: 29850: 29849: 29848: 29845: 29841: 29838: 29836: 29833: 29831: 29828: 29827: 29826: 29823: 29819: 29816: 29814: 29811: 29809: 29806: 29805: 29804: 29801: 29800: 29798: 29796: 29792: 29786: 29783: 29781: 29778: 29776: 29773: 29771: 29768: 29767: 29764: 29761: 29759: 29758:United States 29755: 29751: 29742: 29738: 29720: 29717: 29715: 29711: 29708: 29706: 29703: 29701: 29698: 29696: 29692: 29689: 29687: 29683: 29680: 29678: 29675: 29673: 29670: 29668: 29665: 29664: 29662: 29660: 29656: 29650: 29647: 29645: 29642: 29640: 29637: 29635: 29632: 29630: 29627: 29625: 29622: 29621: 29619: 29617: 29613: 29607: 29604: 29602: 29599: 29597: 29594: 29590: 29587: 29586: 29585: 29582: 29581: 29579: 29577: 29573: 29567: 29564: 29563: 29561: 29559: 29555: 29549: 29548: 29544: 29541: 29540: 29535: 29533: 29530: 29528: 29525: 29523: 29520: 29516: 29513: 29511: 29508: 29507: 29506: 29503: 29501: 29498: 29496: 29493: 29491: 29488: 29486: 29483: 29482: 29480: 29478: 29474: 29468: 29464: 29461: 29459: 29456: 29454: 29451: 29449: 29446: 29444: 29441: 29439: 29436: 29434: 29431: 29429: 29426: 29424: 29421: 29419: 29416: 29414: 29411: 29409: 29406: 29404: 29401: 29400: 29398: 29396: 29392: 29386: 29383: 29381: 29378: 29376: 29373: 29369: 29366: 29365: 29364: 29361: 29360: 29358: 29356: 29352: 29346: 29343: 29339: 29336: 29332: 29329: 29328: 29327: 29324: 29323: 29322: 29319: 29315: 29312: 29310: 29307: 29306: 29304: 29300: 29297: 29296: 29295: 29292: 29290: 29287: 29285: 29282: 29278: 29275: 29274: 29273: 29270: 29269: 29267: 29265: 29261: 29258: 29254: 29248: 29245: 29243: 29240: 29238: 29235: 29233: 29230: 29228: 29225: 29223: 29220: 29219: 29217: 29214: 29209: 29203: 29200: 29198: 29197:Socioeconomic 29195: 29193: 29190: 29188: 29185: 29183: 29180: 29176: 29173: 29172: 29171: 29168: 29164: 29161: 29159: 29156: 29154: 29151: 29149: 29146: 29145: 29144: 29141: 29137: 29134: 29132: 29129: 29128: 29127: 29124: 29122: 29119: 29118: 29116: 29112: 29108: 29099: 29095: 29085: 29084: 29080: 29078: 29075: 29073: 29072:Social stigma 29070: 29068: 29065: 29063: 29062:Social orphan 29060: 29058: 29055: 29053: 29050: 29048: 29045: 29043: 29040: 29038: 29035: 29033: 29030: 29028: 29027: 29022: 29021: 29020:Nouveau riche 29017: 29015: 29012: 29010: 29007: 29005: 29002: 29000: 28997: 28995: 28994:Class traitor 28992: 28990: 28989:Class society 28987: 28985: 28982: 28980: 28977: 28975: 28972: 28970: 28967: 28966: 28964: 28958: 28952: 28949: 28947: 28944: 28942: 28939: 28937: 28934: 28932: 28929: 28927: 28926:Gilbert model 28924: 28922: 28919: 28918: 28916: 28912: 28908: 28902: 28901: 28897: 28895: 28894: 28890: 28888: 28887: 28883: 28882: 28879: 28872: 28869: 28868: 28862: 28857: 28855: 28850: 28848: 28843: 28842: 28839: 28827: 28824: 28822: 28819: 28817: 28814: 28812: 28809: 28807: 28804: 28802: 28799: 28797: 28794: 28792: 28789: 28788: 28779: 28778: 28775: 28769: 28766: 28764: 28761: 28759: 28756: 28754: 28751: 28749: 28746: 28744: 28741: 28739: 28736: 28734: 28731: 28729: 28726: 28724: 28723:Make-work job 28721: 28719: 28716: 28714: 28711: 28709: 28706: 28704: 28701: 28699: 28696: 28694: 28691: 28689: 28686: 28684: 28681: 28680: 28678: 28674: 28670: 28669: 28663: 28660: 28658: 28655: 28653: 28650: 28648: 28645: 28643: 28642:Right to work 28640: 28638: 28635: 28633: 28630: 28628: 28627:Job guarantee 28625: 28623: 28620: 28618: 28615: 28613: 28612:Make-work job 28610: 28608: 28605: 28603: 28600: 28599: 28597: 28593: 28587: 28584: 28582: 28579: 28575: 28572: 28570: 28567: 28566: 28565: 28562: 28560: 28557: 28555: 28552: 28550: 28547: 28545: 28542: 28540: 28537: 28535: 28532: 28530: 28527: 28523: 28520: 28518: 28515: 28513: 28510: 28508: 28505: 28504: 28503: 28500: 28498: 28495: 28493: 28490: 28488: 28485: 28483: 28480: 28478: 28475: 28473: 28470: 28466: 28463: 28461: 28458: 28457: 28456: 28453: 28451: 28448: 28446: 28443: 28442: 28440: 28438: 28434: 28428: 28425: 28421: 28418: 28416: 28413: 28412: 28411: 28408: 28404: 28401: 28399: 28396: 28394: 28391: 28390: 28389: 28386: 28384: 28383:Restructuring 28381: 28377: 28374: 28373: 28372: 28369: 28367: 28364: 28362: 28361:Notice period 28359: 28357: 28354: 28352: 28349: 28347: 28344: 28340: 28337: 28335: 28332: 28330: 28327: 28326: 28325: 28322: 28320: 28317: 28316: 28314: 28312: 28308: 28302: 28299: 28295: 28292: 28290: 28287: 28286: 28285: 28282: 28280: 28277: 28273: 28270: 28268: 28267:Unfree labour 28265: 28263: 28260: 28258: 28255: 28253: 28250: 28248: 28245: 28243: 28240: 28238: 28237:Bonded labour 28235: 28234: 28233: 28230: 28228: 28225: 28223: 28220: 28218: 28215: 28213: 28210: 28208: 28205: 28203: 28200: 28198: 28195: 28193: 28190: 28188: 28185: 28183: 28180: 28179: 28177: 28173: 28167: 28164: 28162: 28159: 28157: 28154: 28152: 28151:Whistleblower 28149: 28147: 28144: 28142: 28139: 28137: 28134: 28132: 28129: 28127: 28124: 28122: 28119: 28117: 28114: 28112: 28109: 28107: 28104: 28102: 28099: 28095: 28092: 28090: 28087: 28085: 28084:Control fraud 28082: 28080: 28077: 28076: 28075: 28072: 28071: 28069: 28065: 28059: 28058:Glass ceiling 28056: 28054: 28051: 28049: 28046: 28044: 28041: 28040: 28038: 28036: 28032: 28026: 28023: 28021: 28018: 28016: 28013: 28011: 28008: 28006: 28003: 27999: 27996: 27995: 27994: 27993:Work accident 27991: 27989: 27986: 27982: 27981:United States 27979: 27978: 27977: 27974: 27972: 27969: 27967: 27964: 27962: 27959: 27957: 27954: 27952: 27949: 27947: 27944: 27942: 27939: 27937: 27934: 27932: 27929: 27927: 27924: 27922: 27919: 27917: 27914: 27912: 27909: 27907: 27904: 27903: 27901: 27899: 27895: 27889: 27886: 27882: 27881:United States 27879: 27878: 27877: 27874: 27872: 27869: 27867: 27864: 27862: 27859: 27857: 27854: 27852: 27849: 27847: 27844: 27842: 27839: 27837: 27836:Casual Friday 27834: 27832: 27829: 27828: 27826: 27824: 27820: 27814: 27811: 27809: 27806: 27804: 27801: 27799: 27796: 27794: 27793:Paid time off 27791: 27789: 27788:Overtime rate 27786: 27782: 27779: 27778: 27777: 27774: 27770: 27769:United States 27767: 27765: 27762: 27760: 27757: 27755: 27752: 27751: 27750: 27747: 27743: 27740: 27738: 27735: 27734: 27733: 27730: 27728: 27725: 27723: 27720: 27718: 27715: 27713: 27710: 27709: 27707: 27705: 27701: 27697: 27691: 27688: 27686: 27683: 27681: 27678: 27676: 27673: 27671: 27668: 27666: 27663: 27661: 27658: 27656: 27653: 27651: 27648: 27646: 27643: 27641: 27638: 27636: 27635:Four-day week 27633: 27631: 27628: 27627: 27625: 27623: 27619: 27613: 27610: 27608: 27605: 27603: 27600: 27598: 27595: 27593: 27590: 27588: 27585: 27583: 27580: 27578: 27575: 27573: 27570: 27568: 27565: 27563: 27560: 27559: 27557: 27553: 27547: 27544: 27542: 27539: 27535: 27532: 27530: 27527: 27526: 27525: 27522: 27520: 27519:Practice firm 27517: 27515: 27512: 27510: 27507: 27503: 27500: 27498: 27495: 27493: 27490: 27488: 27485: 27483: 27480: 27478: 27475: 27473: 27470: 27468: 27465: 27463: 27460: 27458: 27455: 27453: 27450: 27448: 27445: 27443: 27440: 27438: 27435: 27433: 27430: 27428: 27425: 27423: 27420: 27418: 27417:Employability 27415: 27413: 27410: 27408: 27405: 27404: 27403: 27400: 27398: 27395: 27393: 27390: 27388: 27385: 27383: 27380: 27378: 27375: 27373: 27370: 27366: 27363: 27362: 27361: 27358: 27356: 27353: 27352: 27350: 27348: 27344: 27340: 27334: 27331: 27329: 27326: 27324: 27321: 27319: 27318:Orange-collar 27316: 27314: 27311: 27309: 27306: 27304: 27301: 27299: 27296: 27294: 27291: 27289: 27286: 27284: 27281: 27279: 27276: 27274: 27271: 27270: 27268: 27266: 27265:Working class 27262: 27256: 27253: 27251: 27248: 27246: 27243: 27241: 27238: 27236: 27233: 27231: 27228: 27226: 27223: 27221: 27218: 27216: 27213: 27212: 27210: 27206: 27200: 27197: 27195: 27192: 27190: 27187: 27185: 27182: 27180: 27177: 27175: 27172: 27170: 27167: 27165: 27162: 27160: 27157: 27155: 27152: 27150: 27147: 27145: 27142: 27140: 27139:Job interview 27137: 27135: 27132: 27130: 27127: 27125: 27122: 27120: 27117: 27113: 27110: 27109: 27108: 27105: 27103: 27100: 27098: 27095: 27093: 27090: 27088: 27085: 27083: 27080: 27078: 27075: 27073: 27070: 27068: 27065: 27064: 27062: 27060: 27056: 27050: 27047: 27045: 27042: 27040: 27037: 27035: 27032: 27030: 27027: 27023: 27020: 27018: 27015: 27013: 27010: 27009: 27008: 27005: 27003: 27000: 26998: 26995: 26993: 26992:Part-time job 26990: 26988: 26985: 26983: 26980: 26978: 26977:Full-time job 26975: 26973: 26970: 26968: 26965: 26963: 26960: 26959: 26957: 26953: 26949: 26942: 26937: 26935: 26930: 26928: 26923: 26922: 26919: 26907: 26904: 26902: 26899: 26897: 26894: 26892: 26889: 26887: 26884: 26882: 26879: 26877: 26874: 26873: 26871: 26869: 26864: 26860: 26854: 26853:Right to work 26851: 26849: 26846: 26844: 26841: 26839: 26836: 26834: 26831: 26829: 26826: 26824: 26821: 26819: 26816: 26814: 26811: 26809: 26806: 26804: 26801: 26799: 26796: 26794: 26791: 26789: 26788:Right to food 26786: 26784: 26781: 26779: 26776: 26774: 26771: 26769: 26766: 26764: 26761: 26759: 26756: 26754: 26751: 26749: 26746: 26745: 26743: 26740: 26733: 26727: 26724: 26720: 26717: 26716: 26715: 26712: 26710: 26707: 26705: 26702: 26700: 26697: 26695: 26692: 26690: 26687: 26685: 26682: 26680: 26677: 26675: 26672: 26670: 26669:Right to life 26667: 26665: 26662: 26660: 26657: 26655: 26652: 26650: 26647: 26645: 26642: 26640: 26637: 26635: 26632: 26630: 26627: 26625: 26622: 26620: 26617: 26615: 26612: 26610: 26607: 26605: 26602: 26600: 26597: 26595: 26592: 26590: 26587: 26585: 26582: 26580: 26577: 26575: 26572: 26570: 26567: 26565: 26562: 26560: 26557: 26555: 26552: 26550: 26547: 26546: 26544: 26542: 26538: 26531: 26527: 26519: 26514: 26512: 26507: 26505: 26500: 26499: 26496: 26484: 26476: 26474: 26466: 26464: 26456: 26455: 26452: 26446: 26443: 26441: 26438: 26434: 26431: 26430: 26429: 26426: 26424: 26421: 26419: 26416: 26414: 26411: 26409: 26406: 26404: 26401: 26399: 26396: 26394: 26391: 26389: 26386: 26384: 26381: 26379: 26376: 26374: 26371: 26369: 26366: 26364: 26361: 26359: 26356: 26354: 26351: 26349: 26346: 26344: 26341: 26339: 26336: 26335: 26333: 26329: 26321: 26318: 26317: 26316: 26313: 26311: 26310:Wine industry 26308: 26306: 26303: 26301: 26298: 26296: 26293: 26291: 26288: 26286: 26283: 26279: 26276: 26274: 26271: 26270: 26269: 26266: 26262: 26259: 26258: 26257: 26254: 26252: 26249: 26245: 26242: 26240: 26237: 26236: 26235: 26232: 26228: 26225: 26221: 26218: 26217: 26216: 26213: 26209: 26206: 26204: 26201: 26200: 26199: 26196: 26192: 26189: 26187: 26184: 26183: 26182: 26179: 26178: 26177: 26174: 26172: 26169: 26168: 26166: 26162: 26154: 26151: 26149: 26146: 26144: 26141: 26140: 26139: 26138:South America 26136: 26132: 26129: 26127: 26126:United States 26124: 26122: 26119: 26118: 26117: 26116:North America 26114: 26110: 26107: 26105: 26102: 26100: 26097: 26095: 26092: 26091: 26090: 26087: 26083: 26080: 26078: 26075: 26073: 26070: 26068: 26065: 26063: 26060: 26058: 26055: 26053: 26050: 26048: 26045: 26043: 26040: 26038: 26035: 26033: 26030: 26029: 26028: 26025: 26023: 26020: 26016: 26013: 26011: 26008: 26006: 26003: 26002: 26001: 25998: 25994: 25991: 25989: 25986: 25984: 25981: 25979: 25976: 25974: 25971: 25969: 25966: 25965: 25964: 25961: 25957: 25954: 25952: 25949: 25948: 25947: 25944: 25942: 25939: 25938: 25936: 25934: 25930: 25924: 25921: 25919: 25916: 25914: 25911: 25909: 25906: 25904: 25903:Racialization 25901: 25899: 25896: 25894: 25891: 25889: 25886: 25884: 25881: 25879: 25876: 25874: 25871: 25869: 25868:Ethnic hatred 25866: 25864: 25861: 25859: 25856: 25854: 25851: 25849: 25846: 25844: 25841: 25840: 25838: 25832: 25826: 25823: 25821: 25818: 25816: 25813: 25811: 25808: 25806: 25803: 25801: 25798: 25796: 25793: 25791: 25788: 25786: 25785:Laissez-faire 25783: 25781: 25778: 25776: 25773: 25771: 25770:Institutional 25768: 25766: 25763: 25761: 25758: 25756: 25755:Environmental 25753: 25751: 25748: 25746: 25743: 25741: 25738: 25736: 25733: 25731: 25728: 25727: 25725: 25721: 25717: 25710: 25705: 25703: 25698: 25696: 25691: 25690: 25687: 25675: 25667: 25665: 25657: 25656: 25653: 25647: 25644: 25640: 25637: 25636: 25635: 25632: 25630: 25627: 25625: 25624:Social stigma 25622: 25618: 25615: 25613: 25610: 25608: 25605: 25604: 25603: 25600: 25598: 25595: 25593: 25590: 25588: 25585: 25583: 25580: 25578: 25575: 25571: 25568: 25567: 25566: 25563: 25561: 25558: 25556: 25553: 25551: 25548: 25546: 25543: 25541: 25538: 25536: 25533: 25531: 25528: 25526: 25523: 25521: 25518: 25516: 25513: 25511: 25508: 25506: 25503: 25501: 25498: 25494: 25491: 25490: 25489: 25486: 25484: 25481: 25479: 25476: 25474: 25471: 25469: 25466: 25464: 25461: 25459: 25456: 25454: 25451: 25449: 25446: 25442: 25439: 25437: 25434: 25433: 25432: 25429: 25427: 25424: 25422: 25419: 25417: 25414: 25412: 25409: 25407: 25404: 25402: 25399: 25398: 25396: 25392: 25386: 25383: 25381: 25378: 25376: 25373: 25371: 25368: 25366: 25363: 25361: 25358: 25356: 25353: 25351: 25348: 25346: 25343: 25341: 25338: 25336: 25333: 25331: 25328: 25326: 25323: 25321: 25318: 25314: 25311: 25310: 25309: 25306: 25304: 25301: 25299: 25296: 25294: 25291: 25289: 25286: 25284: 25281: 25279: 25276: 25275: 25273: 25269: 25263: 25260: 25258: 25255: 25253: 25250: 25248: 25247:State atheism 25245: 25243: 25240: 25238: 25235: 25231: 25228: 25226: 25223: 25221: 25218: 25216: 25213: 25212: 25211: 25208: 25206: 25203: 25201: 25198: 25196: 25193: 25189: 25186: 25184: 25183:Jim Crow laws 25181: 25180: 25179: 25176: 25174: 25171: 25169: 25168:One-drop rule 25166: 25164: 25162: 25158: 25156: 25153: 25151: 25148: 25146: 25143: 25141: 25138: 25136: 25133: 25131: 25128: 25126: 25123: 25121: 25118: 25116: 25113: 25111: 25108: 25104: 25101: 25099: 25096: 25095: 25094: 25091: 25089: 25086: 25084: 25083:Blood quantum 25081: 25079: 25076: 25074: 25071: 25070: 25068: 25062: 25056: 25053: 25051: 25048: 25046: 25043: 25041: 25038: 25036: 25033: 25031: 25030:Victimisation 25028: 25026: 25025:Trans bashing 25023: 25021: 25018: 25016: 25013: 25011: 25008: 25006: 25003: 25001: 24998: 24996: 24995:Religious war 24993: 24991: 24988: 24986: 24983: 24981: 24978: 24976: 24975:Racialization 24973: 24971: 24968: 24966: 24963: 24961: 24958: 24956: 24953: 24951: 24948: 24946: 24943: 24939: 24936: 24934: 24931: 24929: 24926: 24925: 24924: 24921: 24919: 24916: 24914: 24911: 24909: 24906: 24904: 24901: 24899: 24896: 24894: 24891: 24889: 24886: 24884: 24881: 24879: 24876: 24874: 24871: 24869: 24866: 24864: 24861: 24857: 24854: 24853: 24852: 24849: 24847: 24846:Glass ceiling 24844: 24840: 24837: 24836: 24835: 24832: 24830: 24827: 24825: 24822: 24820: 24817: 24815: 24812: 24810: 24807: 24805: 24802: 24800: 24797: 24795: 24792: 24790: 24789:Ethnic hatred 24787: 24785: 24782: 24780: 24777: 24775: 24772: 24770: 24767: 24765: 24762: 24760: 24757: 24755: 24752: 24750: 24747: 24745: 24742: 24740: 24737: 24735: 24732: 24730: 24727: 24725: 24724:Counter-jihad 24722: 24720: 24717: 24715: 24712: 24710: 24707: 24705: 24702: 24700: 24697: 24695: 24692: 24688: 24685: 24684: 24683: 24680: 24679: 24677: 24673: 24667: 24664: 24662: 24659: 24657: 24654: 24652: 24649: 24647: 24644: 24642: 24639: 24637: 24634: 24632: 24629: 24627: 24624: 24622: 24619: 24617: 24614: 24612: 24609: 24607: 24604: 24602: 24599: 24597: 24594: 24592: 24589: 24587: 24584: 24582: 24579: 24577: 24574: 24572: 24569: 24567: 24564: 24562: 24559: 24557: 24554: 24552: 24549: 24547: 24544: 24542: 24539: 24535: 24532: 24531: 24530: 24527: 24525: 24522: 24520: 24517: 24515: 24512: 24508: 24507:United States 24505: 24503: 24500: 24498: 24495: 24494: 24492: 24490: 24487: 24485: 24482: 24480: 24477: 24475: 24472: 24470: 24467: 24465: 24462: 24460: 24457: 24455: 24452: 24450: 24447: 24445: 24442: 24440: 24437: 24435: 24432: 24430: 24427: 24425: 24422: 24420: 24417: 24415: 24412: 24410: 24407: 24403: 24400: 24398: 24395: 24393: 24390: 24389: 24388: 24385: 24383: 24380: 24378: 24375: 24371: 24370:United States 24368: 24366: 24363: 24361: 24358: 24357: 24356: 24353: 24351: 24348: 24346: 24343: 24341: 24338: 24336: 24333: 24331: 24328: 24326: 24323: 24322: 24320: 24318: 24313: 24307: 24304: 24302: 24299: 24297: 24294: 24292: 24291:Protestantism 24289: 24287: 24284: 24280: 24277: 24276: 24275: 24272: 24266: 24263: 24261: 24258: 24256: 24253: 24251: 24248: 24247: 24246: 24243: 24242: 24241: 24238: 24234: 24231: 24229: 24226: 24225: 24224: 24221: 24219: 24216: 24212: 24209: 24207: 24206:LDS or Mormon 24204: 24202: 24199: 24197: 24194: 24192: 24189: 24188: 24187: 24184: 24182: 24179: 24177: 24174: 24172: 24169: 24168: 24166: 24164: 24160: 24154: 24151: 24149: 24146: 24142: 24139: 24137: 24136:Transmisogyny 24134: 24132: 24129: 24128: 24127: 24124: 24120: 24117: 24115: 24112: 24111: 24110: 24107: 24105: 24102: 24100: 24097: 24095: 24092: 24090: 24087: 24085: 24082: 24080: 24077: 24075: 24072: 24070: 24067: 24065: 24062: 24060: 24057: 24055: 24052: 24050: 24047: 24045: 24042: 24040: 24039:Gerontophobia 24037: 24035: 24032: 24030: 24027: 24025: 24022: 24020: 24017: 24015: 24012: 24010: 24007: 24005: 24002: 24000: 23997: 23995: 23992: 23990: 23987: 23985: 23982: 23980: 23977: 23975: 23972: 23970: 23969:Anti-intersex 23967: 23965: 23962: 23960: 23957: 23955: 23952: 23950: 23947: 23945: 23944:Anti-albinism 23942: 23940: 23937: 23935: 23932: 23930: 23927: 23926: 23924: 23920: 23914: 23911: 23909: 23906: 23904: 23901: 23899: 23896: 23894: 23891: 23889: 23886: 23882: 23879: 23877: 23874: 23873: 23872: 23869: 23867: 23864: 23862: 23859: 23857: 23854: 23852: 23849: 23847: 23844: 23842: 23839: 23837: 23834: 23832: 23829: 23827: 23824: 23822: 23819: 23817: 23814: 23813: 23811: 23807: 23801: 23798: 23796: 23793: 23791: 23788: 23786: 23785:Institutional 23783: 23782: 23780: 23776: 23772: 23765: 23760: 23758: 23753: 23751: 23746: 23745: 23742: 23730: 23727: 23725: 23722: 23720: 23717: 23715: 23712: 23710: 23707: 23705: 23702: 23700: 23697: 23695: 23692: 23690: 23687: 23685: 23682: 23681: 23678: 23673: 23672:Unfree labour 23666: 23661: 23659: 23654: 23652: 23647: 23646: 23643: 23630: 23629: 23625: 23622: 23621: 23617: 23614: 23613: 23609: 23606: 23605: 23601: 23598: 23597: 23593: 23590: 23589: 23585: 23582: 23581: 23577: 23575: 23572: 23570: 23567: 23565: 23562: 23560: 23557: 23555: 23552: 23550: 23547: 23545: 23542: 23540: 23537: 23535: 23532: 23530: 23527: 23525: 23522: 23521: 23519: 23515: 23508: 23507: 23503: 23500: 23499: 23495: 23494: 23492: 23490:Documentaries 23488: 23481: 23480: 23476: 23473: 23472: 23468: 23465: 23464: 23460: 23459: 23457: 23453: 23446: 23445: 23441: 23438: 23434: 23433: 23431: 23427: 23420: 23419: 23415: 23412: 23411: 23407: 23404: 23403: 23399: 23398: 23396: 23392: 23385: 23384: 23380: 23377: 23376: 23372: 23369: 23368: 23364: 23361: 23360: 23356: 23353: 23352: 23348: 23345: 23344: 23340: 23337: 23336: 23332: 23329: 23328: 23324: 23321: 23320: 23316: 23313: 23312: 23308: 23305: 23304: 23300: 23297: 23296: 23292: 23289: 23288: 23284: 23281: 23280: 23276: 23273: 23272: 23268: 23265: 23264: 23260: 23257: 23256: 23252: 23249: 23248: 23244: 23227: 23226: 23222: 23219: 23218: 23214: 23211: 23210: 23206: 23203: 23202: 23198: 23195: 23194: 23190: 23187: 23186: 23182: 23181: 23179: 23177: 23173: 23166: 23165: 23161: 23158: 23157: 23153: 23150: 23149: 23145: 23142: 23141: 23137: 23134: 23133: 23129: 23126: 23125: 23121: 23118: 23117: 23113: 23110: 23109: 23105: 23102: 23101: 23097: 23094: 23093: 23089: 23086: 23085: 23081: 23078: 23077: 23073: 23070: 23069: 23065: 23062: 23061: 23057: 23054: 23053: 23049: 23048: 23046: 23042: 23031: 23028: 23025: 23022: 23019: 23016: 23015: 23013: 23011:South America 23009: 23002: 23001:Zamba Zembola 22999: 22997: 22994: 22991: 22988: 22986: 22983: 22981: 22980:Bethany Veney 22978: 22976: 22973: 22971: 22968: 22965: 22961: 22958: 22955: 22953: 22952:Venture Smith 22950: 22948: 22945: 22943: 22940: 22938: 22935: 22933: 22932:James Roberts 22930: 22928: 22925: 22922: 22919: 22917: 22914: 22912: 22909: 22906: 22903: 22901: 22898: 22896: 22893: 22891: 22890:Lunsford Lane 22888: 22886: 22883: 22881: 22878: 22875: 22874:Paul Jennings 22872: 22870: 22867: 22865: 22862: 22860: 22857: 22855: 22852: 22850: 22849:Omar ibn Said 22847: 22844: 22841: 22839: 22838:Josiah Henson 22836: 22834: 22831: 22828: 22824: 22823:William Green 22821: 22819: 22816: 22814: 22811: 22809: 22806: 22803: 22799: 22798:Peter Fossett 22796: 22794: 22791: 22788: 22785: 22783: 22780: 22778: 22775: 22773: 22770: 22768: 22765: 22763: 22760: 22758: 22757:Lucinda Davis 22755: 22753: 22752:Hannah Crafts 22750: 22748: 22745: 22742: 22739: 22737: 22734: 22732: 22729: 22727: 22724: 22721: 22720:James Bradley 22718: 22716: 22715:Leonard Black 22713: 22711: 22708: 22706: 22703: 22701: 22698: 22696: 22693: 22691: 22688: 22686: 22683: 22681: 22678: 22677: 22675: 22673:United States 22669: 22662: 22661:Marcos Xiorro 22659: 22656: 22652: 22649: 22646: 22643: 22640: 22637: 22634: 22633: 22631: 22625: 22618: 22615: 22612: 22609: 22608: 22606: 22600: 22594: 22591: 22589: 22586: 22584: 22581: 22580: 22578: 22574: 22567: 22564: 22561: 22558: 22555: 22552: 22549: 22546: 22543: 22540: 22537: 22534: 22533: 22531: 22527: 22520: 22517: 22516: 22514: 22510: 22503: 22500: 22497: 22494: 22491: 22488: 22485: 22482: 22472: 22469: 22466: 22465:Thomas Pellow 22463: 22460: 22457: 22454: 22451: 22448: 22445: 22442: 22439: 22436: 22435:Petro Kilekwa 22433: 22430: 22427: 22424: 22421: 22418: 22415: 22412: 22409: 22406: 22403: 22400: 22397: 22394: 22391: 22390: 22388: 22384: 22381: 22373: 22367: 22364: 22363: 22360: 22356: 22349: 22344: 22342: 22337: 22335: 22330: 22329: 22326: 22320: 22313: 22306: 22303: 22300: 22297: 22296: 22288: 22284: 22281: 22279: 22278: 22273: 22270: 22264: 22261: 22258: 22255: 22253: 22249: 22246: 22242: 22238: 22234: 22232: 22228: 22225: 22222: 22219: 22215: 22211: 22207: 22203: 22199: 22197: 22193: 22190: 22187: 22183: 22180: 22178: 22174: 22171: 22170: 22155: 22149: 22145: 22141: 22137: 22133: 22129: 22123: 22119: 22118: 22112: 22108: 22102: 22098: 22097: 22091: 22084:September 21, 22076: 22072: 22066: 22059: 22058: 22052: 22037: 22033: 22027: 22020: 22019: 22013: 22009: 22003: 21999: 21995: 21994: 21988: 21984: 21978: 21974: 21970: 21969: 21963: 21959: 21953: 21949: 21945: 21944: 21938: 21934: 21928: 21924: 21923: 21917: 21916: 21906: 21900: 21896: 21892: 21891: 21885: 21881: 21875: 21871: 21867: 21866: 21860: 21856: 21852: 21848: 21844: 21840: 21834: 21830: 21826: 21822: 21818: 21814: 21810: 21805: 21802:. A.A. Knopf. 21801: 21800: 21794: 21790: 21784: 21780: 21776: 21775: 21769: 21765: 21761: 21755: 21751: 21747: 21746: 21740: 21736: 21730: 21726: 21722: 21721: 21716: 21712: 21708: 21707: 21702: 21698: 21694: 21688: 21684: 21680: 21679: 21673: 21669: 21663: 21659: 21655: 21650: 21648: 21647:online review 21642: 21636: 21632: 21631: 21626: 21622: 21618: 21614: 21610: 21605: 21601: 21597: 21593: 21589: 21585: 21581: 21577: 21573: 21568: 21564: 21558: 21554: 21553: 21548: 21544: 21540: 21534: 21530: 21529: 21524: 21520: 21516: 21510: 21507:. p. 3. 21506: 21502: 21501: 21495: 21491: 21485: 21481: 21480: 21474: 21470: 21464: 21461:. New Press. 21460: 21459: 21453: 21449: 21443: 21439: 21435: 21434: 21428: 21424: 21418: 21414: 21410: 21409: 21404: 21403:Beckert, Sven 21400: 21396: 21390: 21386: 21385: 21380: 21376: 21375: 21372:United States 21365: 21361: 21357: 21353: 21349: 21345: 21340: 21336: 21332: 21328: 21324: 21323: 21317: 21313: 21309: 21305: 21301: 21297: 21293: 21289: 21285: 21280: 21276: 21272: 21268: 21264: 21259: 21255: 21251: 21247: 21243: 21238: 21234: 21230: 21226: 21222: 21218: 21214: 21209: 21205: 21201: 21197: 21193: 21189: 21185: 21181: 21177: 21172: 21168: 21164: 21160: 21156: 21152: 21148: 21143: 21142: 21138: 21137: 21132: 21126: 21122: 21121: 21115: 21111: 21105: 21101: 21098: 21094: 21093: 21088: 21084: 21080: 21074: 21070: 21066: 21065: 21060: 21056: 21052: 21046: 21042: 21038: 21037: 21032: 21028: 21024: 21018: 21014: 21010: 21009: 21003: 20999: 20993: 20989: 20985: 20984: 20978: 20974: 20968: 20964: 20960: 20959: 20953: 20949: 20943: 20939: 20935: 20934: 20928: 20924: 20920: 20914: 20910: 20909: 20904: 20900: 20896: 20890: 20886: 20882: 20881: 20875: 20871: 20865: 20861: 20857: 20856: 20850: 20846: 20840: 20836: 20835: 20829: 20825: 20819: 20815: 20811: 20810: 20804: 20800: 20794: 20790: 20786: 20785: 20779: 20775: 20769: 20765: 20761: 20760: 20754: 20750: 20744: 20740: 20736: 20735: 20730: 20726: 20722: 20716: 20712: 20708: 20707: 20702: 20698: 20694: 20690: 20686: 20682: 20678: 20672: 20668: 20664: 20660: 20656: 20652: 20648: 20643: 20639: 20633: 20629: 20625: 20624: 20619: 20618:Beckert, Sven 20615: 20614: 20610: 20609: 20586: 20582: 20578: 20572: 20568: 20564: 20563: 20557: 20553: 20547: 20543: 20538: 20534: 20530: 20526: 20522: 20518: 20514: 20513: 20507: 20496: 20490: 20486: 20482: 20481: 20475: 20471: 20459: 20451: 20447: 20443: 20437: 20433: 20429: 20424: 20413: 20407: 20403: 20399: 20398: 20393: 20389: 20385: 20379: 20375: 20371: 20370: 20365: 20361: 20357: 20351: 20347: 20343: 20342: 20337: 20333: 20329: 20323: 20319: 20315: 20314: 20308: 20304: 20301:. Cambridge: 20300: 20295: 20291: 20285: 20282:. p. 5. 20281: 20277: 20276: 20270: 20266: 20260: 20256: 20252: 20248: 20244: 20239: 20235: 20229: 20225: 20221: 20220: 20214: 20210: 20206: 20201: 20197: 20193: 20189: 20185: 20180: 20176: 20170: 20166: 20162: 20161: 20156: 20152: 20141: 20137: 20133: 20129: 20125: 20121: 20117: 20113: 20106: 20101: 20090: 20084: 20080: 20076: 20075: 20069: 20065: 20059: 20055: 20051: 20046: 20042: 20036: 20033:. p. 7. 20032: 20028: 20027: 20022: 20018: 20014: 20010: 20005: 20001: 19995: 19991: 19987: 19983: 19978: 19974: 19970: 19966: 19965: 19959: 19955: 19949: 19945: 19941: 19937: 19933: 19928: 19923: 19919: 19915: 19911: 19906: 19902: 19898: 19894: 19890: 19886: 19882: 19877: 19873: 19867: 19863: 19859: 19855: 19851: 19847: 19841: 19837: 19833: 19828: 19824: 19818: 19814: 19810: 19809: 19803: 19799: 19795: 19791: 19787: 19781: 19777: 19773: 19772: 19767: 19762: 19758: 19752: 19748: 19744: 19743: 19738: 19733: 19729: 19723: 19719: 19718: 19712: 19708: 19704: 19703: 19698: 19693: 19689: 19683: 19679: 19675: 19674: 19669: 19665: 19654: 19650: 19646: 19641: 19637: 19633: 19628: 19624: 19620: 19616: 19614:1-85109-816-X 19610: 19606: 19602: 19601: 19595: 19591: 19585: 19581: 19577: 19576: 19571: 19567: 19563: 19557: 19553: 19549: 19545: 19541: 19535: 19531: 19527: 19523: 19519: 19515: 19511: 19500: 19496: 19495: 19490: 19485: 19484: 19462: 19456: 19448: 19444: 19440: 19436: 19432: 19428: 19427: 19419: 19411: 19407: 19403: 19399: 19396:(3): 370–73. 19395: 19391: 19384: 19377: 19372: 19365: 19360: 19358: 19349: 19345: 19341: 19337: 19333: 19329: 19325: 19321: 19317: 19310: 19302: 19296: 19292: 19288: 19287: 19279: 19263: 19259: 19255: 19251: 19244: 19236: 19230: 19226: 19222: 19221: 19213: 19205: 19193: 19185: 19179: 19175: 19171: 19167: 19163: 19156: 19148: 19147: 19139: 19124: 19120: 19113: 19098: 19094: 19087: 19079: 19075: 19074: 19069: 19062: 19054: 19042: 19038: 19034: 19028: 19013: 19009: 19003: 18988: 18984: 18977: 18961: 18957: 18956: 18951: 18944: 18928: 18924: 18918: 18902: 18898: 18892: 18877: 18876: 18871: 18864: 18862: 18846: 18842: 18841:H-Net Reviews 18838: 18831: 18815: 18811: 18804: 18796: 18792: 18788: 18786:0-582-58504-X 18782: 18778: 18771: 18755: 18749: 18741: 18740: 18735: 18728: 18726: 18710: 18706: 18700: 18689:September 30, 18681: 18677: 18670: 18664: 18653:September 29, 18648: 18644: 18638: 18622: 18616: 18605:September 29, 18600: 18596: 18590: 18579:September 29, 18574: 18570: 18564: 18556: 18550: 18546: 18545: 18537: 18529: 18525: 18521: 18517: 18513: 18509: 18505: 18501: 18497: 18490: 18482: 18478: 18474: 18470: 18466: 18462: 18458: 18457:The Historian 18451: 18443: 18439: 18435: 18431: 18427: 18423: 18419: 18412: 18404: 18393: 18387: 18383: 18382: 18374: 18363:September 29, 18358: 18354: 18348: 18333: 18329: 18325: 18324: 18319: 18312: 18305: 18301: 18295: 18291: 18290: 18282: 18267: 18263: 18259: 18253: 18245: 18239: 18235: 18231: 18225: 18217: 18211: 18207: 18203: 18197: 18178: 18171: 18164: 18157: 18144: 18140: 18136: 18130: 18114: 18108: 18106: 18089: 18085: 18081: 18075: 18059: 18055: 18051: 18045: 18029: 18025: 18021: 18014: 17995: 17989: 17974: 17973: 17968: 17961: 17945: 17941: 17937: 17936: 17931: 17924: 17916: 17912: 17911: 17906: 17900: 17892: 17888: 17881: 17865: 17864: 17859: 17853: 17837: 17833: 17832: 17825: 17818: 17805: 17804: 17799: 17793: 17777: 17773: 17772: 17767: 17761: 17745: 17741: 17740: 17735: 17734:"North Korea" 17729: 17721: 17709: 17693: 17689: 17688: 17681: 17665: 17661: 17657: 17651: 17635: 17631: 17629: 17624: 17618: 17602: 17601: 17596: 17590: 17574: 17570: 17566: 17560: 17544: 17540: 17534: 17519: 17515: 17508: 17493: 17489: 17483: 17467: 17463: 17457: 17441: 17437: 17431: 17423: 17419: 17412: 17404: 17403: 17398: 17394: 17388: 17380: 17376: 17372: 17368: 17362: 17354: 17348: 17340: 17339: 17331: 17323: 17319: 17313: 17297: 17293: 17289: 17282: 17267: 17263: 17256: 17241: 17237: 17231: 17216: 17215: 17210: 17203: 17188: 17187: 17182: 17175: 17159: 17155: 17148: 17133: 17129: 17122: 17106: 17099: 17083: 17079: 17075: 17068: 17060: 17059: 17054: 17048: 17040: 17028: 17024: 17018: 17014: 17013: 17008: 17007:Žižek, Slavoj 17002: 16986: 16982: 16976: 16961: 16957: 16953: 16952: 16947: 16940: 16932: 16928: 16921: 16913: 16907: 16903: 16897: 16890: 16885: 16869: 16865: 16861: 16855: 16839: 16835: 16831: 16825: 16814:September 29, 16809: 16808: 16803: 16797: 16781: 16777: 16771: 16756: 16750: 16746: 16742: 16741: 16733: 16724: 16722: 16720: 16710: 16708: 16706: 16689: 16683: 16675: 16669: 16665: 16661: 16655: 16647: 16643: 16637: 16629: 16625: 16621: 16617: 16616: 16611: 16607: 16601: 16585: 16579: 16563: 16559: 16553: 16547:, p. 53. 16546: 16541: 16526: 16519: 16511: 16504: 16496: 16489: 16474: 16470: 16464: 16456: 16450: 16446: 16442: 16438: 16434: 16427: 16420: 16416: 16412: 16406: 16398: 16394: 16390: 16386: 16382: 16378: 16374: 16367: 16359: 16358: 16353: 16352:"Wilson Bell" 16347: 16339: 16335: 16334: 16329: 16323: 16315: 16303: 16295: 16294: 16286: 16280: 16276: 16272: 16268: 16262: 16255: 16250: 16243: 16238: 16231: 16230:Dobson (2012) 16227: 16226:Barnes (2011) 16223: 16218: 16214: 16208: 16201: 16188: 16184: 16178: 16171: 16167: 16166: 16158: 16139: 16132: 16125: 16109: 16103: 16087: 16083: 16077: 16069: 16065: 16061: 16055: 16047: 16041: 16037: 16036: 16028: 16017: 16013: 16006: 16002: 15996: 15985: 15978: 15971: 15963: 15959: 15955: 15951: 15947: 15943: 15936: 15928: 15924: 15920: 15916: 15909: 15894: 15888: 15884: 15880: 15879: 15871: 15863: 15857: 15853: 15849: 15848: 15840: 15825: 15819: 15816:. p. 8. 15815: 15811: 15810: 15802: 15787: 15781: 15777: 15773: 15772: 15764: 15756: 15750: 15746: 15742: 15741: 15733: 15731: 15729: 15713: 15707: 15703: 15702: 15694: 15686: 15682: 15676: 15660: 15653: 15645: 15639: 15635: 15628: 15620: 15616: 15612: 15608: 15607: 15602: 15598: 15592: 15590: 15573: 15569: 15563: 15548: 15544: 15537: 15529: 15523: 15519: 15515: 15514: 15506: 15490: 15483: 15468: 15462: 15460: 15443: 15439: 15433: 15425: 15424:The Historian 15421: 15415: 15407: 15401: 15397: 15393: 15386: 15370: 15366: 15362: 15356: 15348: 15344: 15343: 15339: 15333: 15325: 15321: 15316: 15311: 15307: 15303: 15299: 15292: 15284: 15273: 15267: 15263: 15259: 15258: 15250: 15242: 15231: 15225: 15221: 15217: 15216: 15208: 15193: 15187: 15183: 15179: 15178: 15170: 15155: 15149: 15145: 15141: 15140: 15132: 15116: 15110: 15094: 15093:"Slave-trade" 15087: 15071: 15067: 15066:"Slave trade" 15061: 15053: 15047: 15043: 15042: 15037: 15031: 15023: 15017: 15013: 15009: 15003: 14995: 14991: 14987: 14983: 14979: 14975: 14971: 14970: 14962: 14954: 14948: 14944: 14937: 14929: 14923: 14919: 14914: 14913: 14904: 14896: 14890: 14886: 14882: 14881: 14873: 14865: 14858: 14854: 14848: 14846: 14844: 14827: 14823: 14817: 14802: 14796: 14792: 14788: 14787: 14779: 14763: 14759: 14753: 14745: 14741: 14737: 14733: 14729: 14725: 14721: 14718:(in German). 14717: 14710: 14703: 14701: 14688: 14682: 14678: 14674: 14673: 14665: 14657: 14651: 14647: 14643: 14642: 14634: 14632: 14630: 14628: 14619: 14615: 14611: 14604: 14602: 14591: 14584: 14580: 14576: 14572: 14568: 14564: 14558: 14551: 14544: 14537: 14533: 14529: 14525: 14519: 14513: 14509: 14505: 14501: 14497: 14493: 14489: 14486:, p. 5; 14485: 14481: 14476: 14468: 14464: 14458: 14451: 14447: 14443: 14439: 14435: 14431: 14427: 14423: 14419: 14415: 14408: 14398: 14390: 14384: 14380: 14373: 14358: 14352: 14348: 14344: 14343: 14335: 14327: 14321: 14317: 14310: 14295: 14289: 14285: 14281: 14280: 14272: 14257: 14251: 14247: 14243: 14242: 14234: 14226: 14222: 14215: 14207: 14203: 14199: 14195: 14188: 14181: 14177: 14173: 14168: 14160: 14156: 14152: 14146: 14142: 14141: 14133: 14125: 14119: 14115: 14111: 14104: 14097: 14092: 14085: 14080: 14074: 14070: 14063: 14061: 14053: 14048: 14042: 14038: 14031: 14024: 14012: 14006: 14002: 14001:Penguin Books 13998: 13997: 13989: 13974: 13968: 13964: 13960: 13959: 13951: 13936: 13930: 13926: 13922: 13921: 13913: 13905: 13898: 13891: 13880: 13874: 13870: 13866: 13861: 13860: 13851: 13836: 13830: 13826: 13822: 13821: 13816: 13812: 13806: 13791: 13785: 13781: 13777: 13776: 13771: 13767: 13761: 13746: 13740: 13736: 13732: 13731: 13723: 13715: 13709: 13705: 13701: 13694: 13678: 13674: 13670: 13664: 13648: 13644: 13640: 13633: 13625: 13619: 13615: 13611: 13610: 13602: 13600: 13591: 13585: 13581: 13580: 13572: 13557: 13551: 13547: 13543: 13542: 13534: 13532: 13524: 13523:Campbell 2004 13519: 13512: 13511:Campbell 2004 13507: 13505: 13503: 13487: 13481: 13477: 13473: 13472: 13464: 13457: 13445: 13439: 13435: 13431: 13430: 13422: 13415: 13414:Campbell 2004 13410: 13394: 13390: 13386: 13382: 13375: 13367: 13361: 13357: 13353: 13352: 13344: 13342: 13340: 13332: 13327: 13325: 13323: 13321: 13319: 13317: 13315: 13313: 13311: 13303: 13302:Millward 1998 13298: 13291: 13290:Millward 1998 13286: 13271: 13265: 13261: 13257: 13256: 13248: 13233: 13227: 13223: 13219: 13218: 13210: 13203: 13197: 13193: 13189: 13185: 13181: 13177: 13173: 13167: 13159: 13153: 13149: 13145: 13144: 13136: 13130:, p. 316 13129: 13125: 13121: 13116: 13108: 13104: 13100: 13096: 13092: 13086: 13078: 13072: 13068: 13064: 13063: 13055: 13047: 13041: 13037: 13033: 13032: 13024: 13016: 13010: 13006: 13002: 13001: 12993: 12984: 12975: 12968: 12963: 12961: 12959: 12947: 12941: 12933: 12929: 12925: 12921: 12917: 12913: 12909: 12905: 12898: 12882: 12878: 12874: 12868: 12860: 12854: 12850: 12846: 12845: 12837: 12822: 12818: 12811: 12800:September 29, 12796: 12795: 12790: 12786: 12780: 12772: 12768: 12762: 12746: 12742: 12736: 12728: 12724: 12720: 12714: 12705: 12699: 12695: 12694: 12689: 12683: 12675: 12669: 12665: 12661: 12660: 12652: 12644: 12638: 12634: 12633: 12625: 12617: 12610: 12608: 12599: 12595: 12589: 12585: 12581: 12580: 12572: 12564: 12560: 12559: 12554: 12547: 12539: 12533: 12529: 12525: 12524: 12516: 12509:. p. 63. 12508: 12504: 12497: 12490: 12489:Campbell 2008 12485: 12477: 12471: 12467: 12463: 12462: 12454: 12438: 12434: 12433: 12428: 12421: 12413: 12407: 12403: 12399: 12398: 12393: 12387: 12371: 12367: 12363: 12357: 12341: 12337: 12333: 12327: 12319: 12315: 12309: 12293: 12289: 12282: 12274: 12268: 12264: 12259: 12258: 12249: 12241: 12235: 12231: 12227: 12221: 12213: 12207: 12203: 12199: 12192: 12176: 12172: 12166: 12158: 12154: 12147: 12145: 12138: 12134: 12130: 12129:Toppin (2010) 12126: 12122: 12121:Conway (2008) 12118: 12114: 12113:Danver (2010) 12109: 12101: 12095: 12091: 12087: 12081: 12073: 12067: 12063: 12062: 12054: 12038: 12032: 12025: 12021: 12017: 12012: 12004: 12000: 11996: 11992: 11988: 11984: 11980: 11976: 11975: 11967: 11958: 11956:0-8189-0764-9 11952: 11948: 11941: 11933: 11929: 11923: 11914: 11912:0-87580-043-2 11908: 11904: 11900: 11893: 11885: 11881: 11875: 11867: 11863: 11857: 11841: 11837: 11836: 11831: 11825: 11817: 11806: 11800: 11796: 11792: 11785: 11777: 11773: 11769: 11765: 11761: 11757: 11753: 11752: 11744: 11729: 11725: 11719: 11711: 11705: 11701: 11697: 11696: 11688: 11680: 11676: 11672: 11666: 11658: 11652: 11648: 11644: 11643: 11635: 11627: 11621: 11617: 11616: 11608: 11592: 11588: 11584: 11580: 11574: 11559: 11558:metmuseum.org 11555: 11548: 11533: 11529: 11525: 11524: 11519: 11515: 11509: 11507: 11505: 11489: 11488: 11483: 11476: 11469:. p. 18. 11468: 11464: 11457: 11449: 11448: 11440: 11432: 11428: 11421: 11419: 11403: 11397: 11393: 11392: 11384: 11377: 11376:Campbell 2007 11372: 11356: 11352: 11346: 11330: 11326: 11320: 11309:September 30, 11304: 11300: 11299: 11294: 11288: 11273: 11269: 11263: 11255: 11251: 11247: 11243: 11236: 11228: 11221: 11206: 11202: 11198: 11197: 11192: 11185: 11183: 11166: 11162: 11156: 11148: 11144: 11138: 11134: 11130: 11129: 11121: 11114: 11110: 11104: 11100: 11099: 11091: 11083: 11077: 11073: 11072: 11064: 11048: 11044: 11038: 11030: 11026: 11019: 11012: 11007: 10999: 10993: 10989: 10985: 10984: 10976: 10957: 10950: 10944: 10928: 10924: 10923: 10918: 10912: 10904: 10898: 10894: 10890: 10889: 10881: 10875:, p. ix. 10874: 10873:Campbell 2004 10869: 10861: 10855: 10851: 10850: 10842: 10834: 10828: 10824: 10820: 10816: 10810: 10802: 10798: 10794: 10788: 10780: 10774: 10770: 10769: 10761: 10759: 10750: 10746: 10742: 10738: 10734: 10733: 10728: 10722: 10720: 10711: 10699: 10698: 10690: 10674: 10673: 10668: 10661: 10653: 10647: 10643: 10639: 10638:Belknap Press 10635: 10628: 10612: 10608: 10604: 10598: 10579: 10572: 10564: 10552: 10544: 10538: 10534: 10530: 10526: 10522: 10515: 10507: 10503: 10499: 10493: 10491: 10482: 10478: 10471: 10463: 10457: 10453: 10449: 10448: 10440: 10425: 10421: 10417: 10416: 10411: 10404: 10396: 10392: 10388: 10382: 10366: 10362: 10361: 10356: 10350: 10343: 10339: 10335: 10328: 10312: 10308: 10302: 10294: 10293:The Telegraph 10290: 10283: 10275: 10269: 10261: 10255: 10251: 10247: 10240: 10238: 10236: 10229:, p. 74. 10228: 10223: 10208: 10202: 10198: 10194: 10193: 10185: 10170: 10164: 10160: 10156: 10155: 10147: 10139: 10138: 10133: 10127: 10111: 10107: 10101: 10086: 10082: 10075: 10067: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10047: 10043: 10039: 10038: 10030: 10022: 10018: 10014: 10010: 10006: 10002: 9998: 9994: 9993: 9985: 9978: 9966: 9962: 9956: 9940: 9934: 9927: 9926:Ellerman 1992 9922: 9907: 9903: 9898: 9892: 9884: 9877: 9869: 9865: 9860: 9855: 9851: 9847: 9846: 9841: 9834: 9823:September 29, 9819: 9818: 9813: 9807: 9799: 9793: 9789: 9785: 9784: 9776: 9761: 9757: 9756:"Tax Slavery" 9750: 9743: 9737: 9733: 9729: 9725: 9719: 9708:September 29, 9703: 9696: 9680: 9674: 9663: 9656: 9650: 9639:September 20, 9634: 9630: 9626: 9619: 9608:September 29, 9600: 9593: 9587: 9579: 9575: 9569: 9553: 9549: 9542: 9534: 9530: 9526: 9520: 9504: 9500: 9494: 9486: 9482: 9476: 9469: 9465: 9461: 9454: 9446: 9439: 9431: 9425: 9422:. p. 3. 9421: 9417: 9410: 9402: 9400:0-8135-2381-8 9396: 9392: 9385: 9369: 9365: 9359: 9343: 9339: 9333: 9326: 9321: 9319: 9310: 9295: 9294: 9289: 9283: 9281: 9271: 9269: 9267: 9250: 9246: 9240: 9233: 9229: 9223: 9219: 9215: 9211: 9205: 9197: 9195:9780674986909 9191: 9187: 9180: 9172: 9170:9780521872355 9166: 9162: 9155: 9148: 9143: 9139: 9132: 9125: 9121: 9117: 9113: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9100: 9092: 9084: 9082:9780670122776 9078: 9074: 9067: 9051: 9047: 9043: 9036: 9029: 9017: 9011: 9007: 9003: 8999: 8995: 8994: 8989: 8982: 8967: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8952: 8944: 8936: 8932: 8931: 8925: 8917: 8909: 8908: 8900: 8892: 8888: 8882: 8878: 8874: 8873: 8868: 8862: 8854: 8848: 8844: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8826: 8818: 8816:3-11-006800-1 8812: 8808: 8804: 8800: 8796: 8790: 8782: 8778: 8774: 8771:(in German). 8770: 8766: 8760: 8752: 8748: 8744: 8740: 8735: 8729: 8721: 8717: 8713: 8709: 8703: 8696: 8691: 8683: 8679: 8673: 8665: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8647: 8643: 8639: 8632: 8624: 8623: 8615: 8599: 8595: 8591: 8585: 8577: 8573: 8572: 8567: 8560: 8544: 8540: 8533: 8517: 8513: 8512: 8507: 8500: 8498: 8481: 8477: 8471: 8469: 8460: 8454: 8450: 8446: 8445: 8437: 8430: 8425: 8417: 8413: 8409: 8403: 8401: 8399: 8397: 8395: 8393: 8391: 8382: 8380:9781412926942 8376: 8372: 8368: 8364: 8357: 8349: 8343: 8339: 8335: 8334: 8326: 8322: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8257: 8254: 8253: 8242: 8240: 8238: 8237:United States 8226: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8194: 8193: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8183: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8151: 8150: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8141: 8137: 8135: 8134:United States 8123: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8104:Steve McQueen 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8091: 8090: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8080:United States 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8049: 8048: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8038:United States 8027: 8016: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7997: 7996: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7986: 7975: 7972: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7958: 7957: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7947: 7946:United States 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7915: 7914: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7882: 7877: 7874: 7871: 7870: 7866: 7864: 7853: 7850: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7825:United States 7814: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7784: 7783: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7773:United States 7762: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7745:Michael Apted 7743: 7740: 7738: 7737:Amazing Grace 7735: 7732: 7731: 7727: 7725: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7693: 7692: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7683:United States 7672: 7661: 7659: 7658:Russell Crowe 7656: 7654: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7640: 7639: 7636: 7635:Toni Morrison 7633: 7630: 7628: 7627:United States 7617: 7615: 7614:Oprah Winfrey 7612: 7610: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7596: 7595: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7585:United States 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7554: 7553: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7544: 7540: 7538: 7537:United States 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7514: 7509: 7506: 7503: 7502: 7499: 7498:Bruce Chatwin 7496: 7494: 7493: 7489: 7487: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7468:Werner Herzog 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7455: 7454: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7445: 7441: 7439: 7438:United States 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420:, Greene and 7419: 7415: 7412: 7409: 7404: 7401: 7398: 7397: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7388: 7384: 7382: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7360: 7355: 7352: 7349: 7348: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7339: 7335: 7333: 7332:United States 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7306: 7302: 7299: 7298: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7278: 7276: 7275:Marlon Brando 7273: 7271: 7268: 7265: 7262: 7258: 7255: 7252: 7251: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7242: 7238: 7236: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7206: 7205: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7164: 7163: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7153:United States 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7122: 7121: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7107:United States 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7076: 7075: 7071: 7068: 7065: 7062: 7059: 7056: 7053: 7050: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7039: 7037: 7036: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7022: 7017: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7005: 6999: 6997: 6992: 6990: 6989: 6984: 6980: 6979: 6974: 6973: 6968: 6967: 6958: 6957: 6951: 6946: 6936: 6934: 6930: 6925: 6923: 6919: 6918:legal process 6915: 6909: 6899: 6896: 6891: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6876: 6874: 6869: 6866: 6861: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6847: 6843: 6838: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6780: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6768: 6764: 6760: 6755: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6730: 6726: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6712: 6707: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6692: 6690: 6686: 6685:Joseph Sturge 6682: 6672: 6669: 6665: 6660: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6614: 6612: 6608: 6603: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6576: 6572: 6568: 6565: 6564:Jim Crow laws 6559: 6557: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6519: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6499: 6497: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6484:Maurya Empire 6481: 6473: 6468: 6459: 6453: 6449: 6296: 6293: 6292: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6241:Edward Barley 6238: 6236: 6234: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6222: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6209: 6207: 6205: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6193: 6188: 6186: 6185: 6180: 6178: 6177: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6164: 6162: 6161: 6156: 6154: 6153: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6060: 6057: 6046: 6041: 6039: 6034: 6032: 6027: 6026: 6023: 6017: 6011: 6001: 5999: 5998:manual labour 5995: 5990: 5987: 5986:force-feeding 5982: 5972: 5963: 5961: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5943: 5939: 5938:domestic work 5929: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5909: 5899: 5897: 5887: 5885: 5881: 5878:, or sold to 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5855: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5767: 5757: 5755: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5739: 5734: 5730: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5706: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5682: 5678: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5660: 5656: 5655:bonded labour 5652: 5642: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5624:Child slavery 5621: 5617: 5607: 5605: 5601: 5596: 5593: 5587: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5567: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5541: 5536: 5532: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5521:Gustaf Dalman 5518: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5502: 5498: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5451: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5429: 5424: 5420: 5415: 5413: 5412:ancient Egypt 5409: 5405: 5401: 5390: 5382: 5381:Sahara Desert 5378: 5373: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5342: 5340: 5336: 5330: 5328: 5324: 5318: 5316: 5312: 5306: 5303: 5299: 5292: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5277: 5275: 5271: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5257: 5251: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5217: 5212: 5202: 5198: 5196: 5192: 5191: 5190:Untermenschen 5186: 5182: 5176: 5167: 5158: 5156: 5151: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5124: 5123:Crimean Tatar 5120: 5116: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5077: 5075: 5070: 5069: 5063: 5058: 5056: 5055:slave markets 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4990:Ottoman fleet 4987: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4962: 4957: 4953: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4907: 4906:Domesday Book 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4877: 4875: 4871: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4820: 4819: 4812: 4811: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4740: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4712: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4697:slave revolts 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4666: 4662: 4661: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4624: 4622: 4618: 4616: 4615:Māori society 4612: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4593:sultanate of 4592: 4587: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4563: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4509: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4489: 4487: 4483: 4478: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4462: 4461:comfort women 4457: 4453: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4328: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4301: 4299: 4294: 4290: 4289: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4271: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4259: 4254: 4250: 4249: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4231:Shang dynasty 4226: 4218: 4214: 4209: 4199: 4189: 4187: 4183: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4157:again in 2016 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4113: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4098:1860 election 4095: 4080: 4079: 4073: 4069: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4046: 4044: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4030: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4017: 4011: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3992: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3951: 3947: 3942: 3936:United States 3933: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3918: 3914: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3868:typhoid fever 3865: 3861: 3857: 3852: 3851: 3844: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3822: 3818: 3811: 3806: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3763: 3759: 3756: 3751: 3749: 3743: 3740: 3733: 3731: 3727: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3688: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3664: 3658: 3653: 3647: 3640: 3635: 3631: 3628: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3599: 3595: 3588: 3583: 3574: 3572: 3567: 3561: 3557: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3538:Hernán Cortés 3529: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3508: 3504: 3498: 3496: 3495:Francis Drake 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3417: 3407: 3403: 3393: 3382: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3346:First Nations 3343: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3274: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3243: 3239: 3237: 3236:trans-Saharan 3233: 3229: 3225: 3218: 3215: 3214: 3207: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3186: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3170:ancient world 3166: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3147: 3143: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3121: 3114: 3109: 3106: 3102: 3094: 3089: 3085: 3083: 3078: 3076: 3075:Muslim empire 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3053:in Iraq. The 3052: 3048: 3044: 3039: 3037: 3033: 3032: 3026: 3024: 3019: 3013: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2986:Bantu peoples 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2954:Mediterranean 2951: 2947: 2946:Sahara desert 2943: 2939: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2920: 2919:Duke of Milan 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2901:. In 1402 an 2900: 2896: 2891: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2863: 2853: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2814: 2809: 2803: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2735:repartimiento 2732: 2728: 2723: 2722: 2716: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2690:Legal aspects 2687: 2685: 2670: 2663: 2659: 2658:David Roberts 2654: 2646: 2637: 2635: 2626: 2622: 2620: 2619: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2605:Auguste Comte 2601: 2593: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2578: 2577:assembly line 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2552: 2549: 2545: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2492:animal rights 2488: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2452: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2436: 2426: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2410: 2406: 2400: 2399:Child slavery 2390: 2388: 2384: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2358: 2352: 2351:Unfree labour 2345:Forced labour 2338: 2334: 2332: 2328: 2318: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2303:Chukri system 2300: 2293: 2292:Chukri system 2289: 2283: 2276:Bonded labour 2273: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2153: 2148: 2141: 2136: 2129: 2125: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2105: 2100: 2096: 2086: 2083: 2077: 2065: 2059: 2047: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2029: 2012: 2000: 1988: 1985: 1973: 1963: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1901:forced labour 1897: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1876: 1875:forced labour 1872: 1871:unfree labour 1868: 1864: 1860: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1840:human history 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1778: 1773: 1771: 1766: 1764: 1759: 1758: 1756: 1755: 1748: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1720: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1678:Slave catcher 1676: 1674: 1671: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1607:Forced labour 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1588: 1587: 1578: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1452:Abolitionists 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1396: 1391: 1390: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1344: 1339: 1338: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 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President 6823:Luc Gnacadja 6816: 6812: 6807: 6786: 6771: 6756: 6736:Pope Francis 6732: 6728: 6713:adopted the 6708: 6693: 6678: 6661: 6615: 6604: 6600: 6560: 6520: 6505: 6477: 6462:In antiquity 6457: 6258:Frere Treaty 6240: 6232: 6220: 6211: 6203: 6191: 6183: 6175: 6168:El Almirante 6167: 6159: 6151: 6063:Abolitionism 6010:Abolitionism 6004:Abolitionism 5991: 5978: 5969: 5935: 5911: 5893: 5861: 5769: 5754:forced labor 5742: 5735: 5731: 5712: 5709:Distribution 5687:Slavoj Žižek 5685: 5674: 5659:debt bondage 5647: 5597: 5588: 5568: 5545: 5505: 5494: 5489:Ottoman wars 5457:treaty, the 5448: 5426: 5416: 5386: 5339:Solzhenitsyn 5334: 5332: 5326: 5322: 5320: 5314: 5310: 5308: 5301: 5297: 5294: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5278: 5267: 5261: 5236: 5225:Soviet Union 5222: 5199: 5188: 5178: 5161:World War II 5152: 5128: 5078: 5059: 5021: 4966: 4938: 4904: 4878: 4832:Muslim world 4826:Europe: the 4810:Dum Diversas 4779: 4772:pleads with 4732:Roman Empire 4716:Ancient Rome 4713: 4670: 4654: 4621:Blackbirding 4619: 4610: 4608: 4599:North Borneo 4583: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4521:Vedic period 4515: 4501: 4490: 4465: 4447:King Jeongjo 4443:emancipation 4439:King Yeongjo 4432:period, the 4382: 4345:booi niyalma 4335: 4332:Qing dynasty 4329: 4321:Yuan dynasty 4313:China proper 4302: 4287: 4272: 4268:human rights 4256: 4246: 4228: 4213:Tang dynasty 4192:Asia-Pacific 4114: 4091: 4076: 4047: 4036: 4026: 4020: 4012: 3993: 3955: 3926:slave revolt 3919: 3915: 3884: 3845: 3826: 3810:slave revolt 3769: 3760: 3752: 3744: 3734: 3724: 3714: 3674:, Paramaka, 3668:ethnogenesis 3648: 3644: 3641:. 1840–1850. 3603: 3562: 3558: 3542:modern slave 3535: 3513: 3511: 3499: 3437: 3432: 3424: 3413: 3340: 3310: 3244: 3241: 3220: 3203: 3167: 3158: 3139: 3134:Ruvuma River 3130:Arab-Swahili 3116: 3111: 3098: 3079: 3042: 3040: 3029: 3027: 3014: 2974:Indian Ocean 2950:North Africa 2935: 2892: 2874:, including 2865: 2819: 2771: 2768:Legal rights 2758:Ubangi-Shari 2747: 2743:totalitarian 2698: 2681: 2661: 2631: 2616: 2597: 2592:Mercedarians 2581: 2553: 2541: 2511:wage slavery 2500: 2495: 2489: 2485:Drapetomania 2477: 2469:libertarians 2460: 2458: 2442: 2412: 2405:Child labour 2383:prostitution 2380: 2372:penal labour 2368:conscription 2360: 2326: 2324: 2315:prostitution 2307:debt bondage 2295: 2282:Debt bondage 2263: 2204:. After the 2199: 2187:abolitionist 2184: 2168:Roman Empire 2159: 2157: 2142:, U.S., 1860 2127: 2112: 2108: 2102: 2098: 2092: 2032: 1989: 1951:through the 1940: 1938: 1923:, people in 1917:debt bondage 1894: 1866: 1858: 1856: 1844:civilization 1816: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1787: 1786: 1683:Slave patrol 1520:Freedom suit 1496:Sierra Leone 1486:Colonization 1402:Abolitionism 1382:Baháʼí Faith 1355:Christianity 1305:Saudi Arabia 1161:Penal Labour 1126:Blackbirding 1032:Debt bondage 1020:penal system 846:Contemporary 836:Field slaves 824:U.S. Natives 783:South Africa 654:Galley slave 627:Slave market 617:House slaves 590:Blackbirding 568:Conscription 492:21st century 455:Umm al-walad 299:Muslim world 268:Emancipation 172:Wage slavery 152:Penal labour 130:Wife selling 120:Bride buying 105:Conscription 95:Child Labour 88:Contemporary 69: 50: 35505:Sentientism 35486:Rationalism 35433:Peripatetic 35413:Natural law 35384:Materialism 35312:Historicism 35302:Hegelianism 35252:Determinism 35129:Agnosticism 35001:Sentientism 34971:Nationalism 34921:Imperialism 34851:Communalism 34846:Colonialism 34800:Weltschmerz 34780:Misanthropy 34680:Stewardship 34608:Obligations 34512:Culpability 34503:Golden Rule 34397:Common good 34315:Supernature 34271:Otherworlds 34230:comparative 34200:Information 34195:Incarnation 34132:Eschatology 34066:Anima mundi 34048:Metaphysics 33967:Observation 33962:Methodology 33744:Moral panic 33724:Mass action 33620:Doublethink 33563:Collectives 33485:Pilgrimages 33374:Coronations 33279:Revolutions 33247:Proselytism 33180:negationism 33066:maintenance 32914:Attentional 32773:Life stance 32741:Epic poetry 32731:Conventions 32508:North Korea 32501:New Zealand 32094:Pay-to-stay 31521:Criminology 31430:Reparations 31395:Black power 31143:New Zealand 30974:Middle East 30927:Switzerland 30887:Netherlands 30602:Dominickers 30477:Nova Scotia 30395:El Salvador 30326:Saint Lucia 30316:Puerto Rico 30002:New Zealand 29719:Untouchable 29644:Proletariat 29634:Pea-pickers 29584:Bourgeoisie 29272:Aristocracy 29158:naturalized 29153:native-born 28647:Historical: 28371:Resignation 28311:Termination 28294:Slow living 28262:Truck wages 28247:Labour camp 28175:Willingness 28067:Infractions 27722:Living wage 27665:Remote work 27333:Gold-collar 27288:Pink-collar 27283:Grey-collar 27273:Blue-collar 27240:Labour hire 27215:Cooperative 27179:Recruitment 27134:Job hunting 27067:Application 27049:Wage labour 27034:Labour hire 26987:Job sharing 26896:LGBT rights 26629:Nationality 26619:LGBT rights 26348:Anti-racism 26089:Middle East 25983:South Korea 25978:North Korea 25893:Hate speech 25815:Substantive 25795:Neocolonial 25360:Nonviolence 25355:LGBT rights 25320:Empowerment 25288:Anti-racism 25210:Segregation 25155:No kid zone 24955:Persecution 24868:Hate speech 24819:Gay bashing 24794:Ethnic joke 24749:Dog whistle 24694:Blood libel 24382:Azerbaijani 24286:Neopaganism 24279:Persecution 24245:Persecution 24228:Persecution 24191:Catholicism 24126:Transphobia 24109:Supremacism 24064:Lesbophobia 23984:Aporophobia 23949:Anti-autism 23800:Taste-based 23795:Statistical 23729:Truck wages 23704:Labour camp 23240: 1861 23233: 1853 22937:Moses Roper 22921:John Parker 22907:(1790–1880) 22885:Boston King 22876:(1799–1874) 22705:Polly Berry 22648:Mary Prince 22562:(1783–1845) 22556:(1684-1777) 22538:(1698–1733) 22521:(1684–1736) 22504:(1644–1744) 22498:(1660–1736) 22492:(1632–1702) 22486:(1598–1682) 22478: 1735 22461:(1708–1754) 22453:Mende Nazer 22443:(1735–1785) 22431:(1564–1639) 22425:(1767–1843) 22419:(1747–1815) 22413:(1620–1702) 22405:Francis Bok 22401:(1714-1761) 22399:Marcus Berg 22395:(c. 1790–?) 22375:Individuals 20936:. Madison: 20500:February 2, 19200:|work= 19053:Google News 19017:February 6, 18907:February 6, 18881:February 6, 18851:February 6, 18623:. Pdavis.nl 18547:. Pimlico. 18467:: 501–510. 18428:: 110–122. 18337:February 6, 18154:Donated by 18115:. State.gov 18094:February 6, 17716:|work= 17607:February 6, 17402:Boing Boing 17302:January 20, 17192:February 7, 17164:January 16, 17137:February 7, 17111:February 7, 16874:October 17, 16622:(1): 1–31. 16147:February 1, 16114:February 6, 16092:February 6, 16038:. OUP USA. 15613:(1): 1–31. 15552:February 7, 15495:November 2, 15472:November 2, 15448:February 6, 15444:. July 2006 15347:CUP Archive 14980:: 341–342. 14512:Love (1913) 14504:Vink (1998) 14467:The Tribune 14362:February 2, 14299:February 2, 14261:February 2, 13978:February 2, 13940:February 2, 13884:February 2, 13750:February 2, 13673:Japan Probe 13220:. Seattle: 12376:February 7, 12298:February 7, 12043:November 4, 12026:, p. 7 11981:(1): 1–26. 11597:February 6, 11563:February 6, 11493:February 7, 11361:February 6, 11335:February 6, 11171:October 10, 10679:February 7, 10559:|work= 10227:Forbes 1998 9971:February 6, 9724:Kopel, Dave 9558:January 15, 9503:ipsnews.net 9249:FSE Project 8549:January 21, 8522:October 16, 8212:Nate Parker 8207:Nate Parker 8189:Misan Sagay 8164:Amma Asante 8007:Documentary 7992:Yuri Arabov 7879:(TV series) 7863:South Korea 7724:Puerto Rico 7698:El Cimarrón 7524:Halle Berry 7511:(TV series) 7460:Cobra Verde 7406:(TV series) 7361:Telenovela 7357:(TV series) 7057:Film genre 6969:(1915) and 6953:Poster for 6902:Reparations 6884:U.S. Senate 6827:Slave Coast 6791:passed the 6719:human right 6645:John Newton 6492:Qin dynasty 6452:Exeter Hall 6233:Mary Carver 6152:Providentia 5979:Victims of 5975:Trafficking 5902:North Korea 5862:During the 5776:sweat shops 5513:Circassians 5437:Circassians 5345:Middle East 5179:During the 4803:issued the 4791:(922), the 4707:was led by 4675:begin with 4671:Records of 4656:Ishmaelites 4452:Gabo Reform 4362:Han Chinese 4319:during the 4317:Han Chinese 4305:Han Chinese 4264:same period 4258:Book of Han 4235:Han dynasty 4086: 1790 4054:territories 4029:Upper South 3880:infanticide 3872:birth rates 3870:. They had 3657:Nèg'Marrons 3627:slave codes 3420:a civil war 3320:Amerindians 3291:Mita (Inca) 3163:Livingstone 3071:East Africa 3018:plantations 2942:West Africa 2936:During the 2840:during the 2838:agriculture 2715:North Korea 2677: 1853 2613:Middle Ages 2572:gang system 2523:wage labour 2152:New Orleans 2089:Terminology 1800:Enslavement 1698:court cases 1575: [ 1525:Slave Power 1513:Manumission 1360:Catholicism 1235:Afghanistan 976:Puerto Rico 888:The Bahamas 866:Slave codes 669:Shanghaiing 659:Impressment 551:Slave Coast 431:Qajar harem 391:Concubinage 364:slave trade 18:Enslavement 35599:Employment 35583:Categories 35472:Pyrrhonism 35462:Pragmatism 35457:Positivism 35360:Kantianism 35267:Empiricism 35185:philosophy 35182:Schools of 35125:Irreligion 35121:Secularity 35054:Cheondoism 34986:Radicalism 34966:Monarchism 34961:Militarism 34946:Liberalism 34891:Fanaticism 34831:Capitalism 34813:ideologies 34811:political 34739:Wrongdoing 34643:Repentance 34633:Punishment 34628:Principles 34623:Praxeology 34412:Creativity 34402:Conscience 34363:Almsgiving 34276:axes mundi 34160:Nonfiction 34137:Everything 33999:Revelation 33987:fallacious 33977:Perception 33913:scientific 33836:Status quo 33675:Groupshift 33590:Conformity 33545:Groupthink 33460:Liminality 33394:Employment 33369:Ceremonies 33237:Propaganda 33222:Persuasion 33098:Censorship 33064:Change and 33043:Status quo 32951:Congruence 32422:By country 32059:Informants 31974:Literature 31913:Helicopter 31872:Sally port 31837:Commissary 31815:Components 31708:Chain gang 31694:Labor camp 31680:Internment 31645:Black site 31542:Punishment 31363:Coromantee 30778:Paramaccan 30692:Quilombola 30632:Melungeons 30390:Costa Rica 30299:Coromantee 29992:Luxembourg 29882:Inequality 29547:Superclass 29338:Hereditary 29314:Post-Roman 29305:Patrician 29175:adolescent 28999:Classicide 28581:Wage curve 28388:Retirement 28301:Workaholic 28279:Work ethic 28146:Wage theft 28131:Labour law 28126:Evaluation 28111:Dress code 27876:Sick leave 27841:Child care 27803:Salary cap 27717:Income tax 27680:Shift work 27612:Time clock 27607:Sick leave 27602:Sabbatical 27567:Break room 27555:Attendance 27524:Profession 27509:Mentorship 27487:Retraining 27412:E-learning 27308:New-collar 27303:Red-collar 27250:Supervisor 27230:Internship 27149:Onboarding 27017:Technician 27012:Journeyman 26982:Gig worker 26948:Employment 26634:Personhood 26227:Vietnamese 26000:Arab world 25898:Hate group 25888:Hate crime 25825:Xenophobia 25805:Scientific 25790:Linguistic 25634:Stereotype 25629:Speciesism 25510:Oppression 25505:Oikophobia 25401:Allophilia 25385:Toleration 25242:Sodomy law 25135:Internment 25055:Witch-hunt 24933:Blackhawks 24863:Hate group 24851:Hate crime 24824:Gendercide 24814:Freak show 24804:Excellence 24764:Employment 24734:Defamation 24666:Vietnamese 24661:Venezuelan 24551:Lithuanian 24218:Falun Gong 24153:Xenophobia 24148:Vegaphobia 24131:Non-binary 24089:Pedophobia 24054:Homophobia 23876:Skin color 23836:Disability 23809:Attributes 23790:Structural 23694:Encomienda 23418:Copper Sun 23367:Unburnable 23303:Dessa Rose 23030:Osifekunde 22962:Venerable 22905:James Mars 22818:Lear Green 22802:Monticello 22762:Noah Davis 22731:John Brown 22710:Henry Bibb 22653:Venerable 22459:Hark Olufs 22267:(in Dutch) 22167:Historical 21847:2008009151 21607:Mintz, S. 21578:(1): 117. 20709:. Oxford: 20685:2008009151 20417:January 9, 20186:. London: 19376:Davis 2002 19364:Davis 2002 19326:(4): 181. 18992:January 7, 18966:January 7, 18958:. London. 18933:August 29, 18820:August 29, 18714:October 5, 18627:August 29, 18397:August 16, 18186:August 28, 18141:. London: 18119:August 29, 18064:August 29, 18003:August 18, 17863:Greenpeace 17579:January 3, 17549:August 29, 17497:August 29, 17472:January 8, 16889:Bales 1999 16694:August 29, 16590:August 29, 16568:August 29, 16545:Lewis 1992 16383:(3–4): 2. 15665:August 29, 15578:August 29, 15121:August 29, 15099:August 29, 14832:August 29, 14806:August 11, 14768:August 29, 14722:(1): 916. 14528:Itinerario 13867:. p. 13683:January 7, 13546:SUNY Press 13476:SUNY Press 13182:, London: 13120:Lee (1997) 13099:Tōyō Bunko 12826:August 29, 12751:August 28, 12181:August 23, 12123:, p. 10965:August 29, 10587:August 11, 10317:August 12, 9765:October 9, 9685:August 29, 9368:Al Jazeera 9325:Bales 2004 9255:August 31, 8807:De Gruyter 8695:Lewis 1992 8486:August 29, 8429:Bales 2004 8336:. Oxford: 8317:References 8067:Jamie Foxx 7549:Alex Haley 7519:John Erman 7450:Alex Haley 7319:Ken Norton 7247:Anne Golon 6983:John Brown 6846:Tony Blair 6744:Chân Không 6454:in London. 6212:La Amistad 6176:Marinerito 6160:Presidente 5971:annually. 5906:See also: 5896:Mauritania 5890:Mauritania 5886:in Libya. 5884:child rape 5876:sex slaves 5836:North Face 5764:See also: 5699:sweatshops 5691:capitalism 5614:See also: 5419:Arab World 5349:See also: 5195:Aryan race 5131:Kievan Rus 5031:Al-Andalus 4805:papal bull 4693:sex slaves 4689:gladiators 4533:Coromandel 4512:South Asia 4473:concubines 4392:East Asian 4273:After the 4223:See also: 4196:See also: 4182:California 4052:. The new 3899:mixed-race 3885:As in its 3833:Hispaniola 3791:to protect 3783:advisement 3678:or Aukan, 3622:sugar cane 3571:work hours 3522:John Casor 3503:John Punch 3456:Hispaniola 3416:revolution 3402:slave ship 3287:Encomienda 3265:, and the 3251:Oyo Empire 2998:Mozambique 2980:), to the 2978:Madagascar 2868:Senegambia 2860:See also: 2806:See also: 2750:encomienda 2600:Adam Smith 2548:landowners 2519:dysphemism 2515:pejorative 2503:socialists 2433:See also: 2403:See also: 2355:See also: 2321:Dependents 2286:See also: 2266:Mauritania 2028:Late Latin 2023:εσκλαβήνος 2011:Ésklabēnoí 2005:Έσκλαβηνοί 1984:ésklabḗnos 1978:εσκλαβήνος 1953:Old French 1905:sweatshops 1896:Mauritania 1713:J.Q. Adams 1703:Washington 1673:Slave name 1622:convention 1597:Common law 970:Encomienda 766:Seychelles 751:Mauritania 674:Slave ship 541:Panyarring 536:New France 185:Historical 35520:Spinozism 35452:Pluralism 35443:Platonism 35394:Modernism 35379:Logicians 35247:Cyrenaics 35208:Averroism 35148:Spiritism 35116:Rastafari 35031:Religions 35011:Socialism 34991:Reformism 34956:Masculism 34911:Globalism 34886:Extremism 34856:Communism 34821:Anarchism 34795:Reclusion 34790:Pessimism 34772:Attitudes 34695:Suffering 34658:Sexuality 34648:Reverence 34638:Qualities 34557:religious 34537:Judgement 34517:Happiness 34481:Étiquette 34471:Eroticism 34459:Aesthetic 34442:religious 34437:emotional 34427:Economics 34358:Aesthetic 34320:Teleology 34264:political 34225:Mythology 34190:Illusions 34165:Free will 34151:Existence 34146:Evolution 34120:existence 34103:religious 34098:Cosmology 34093:Cosmogony 34071:Causality 34061:Afterlife 34009:Tradition 34004:Testimony 33982:Reasoning 33942:Intuition 33908:anecdotal 33866:Knowledge 33841:Stigmergy 33826:Sociology 33625:Emergence 33364:Calendars 33160:Euphemism 33148:religious 33143:Education 32976:Homophily 32929:Cognitive 32778:Lifestyle 32676:Worldview 32431:Australia 32163:Sexuality 32052:Education 32011:Tattooing 31805:Death row 31701:Battalion 31560:Prisoners 31184:Secondary 31148:Sri Lanka 31126:Mardijker 31116:Indonesia 31087:Hong Kong 31082:Guangzhou 31072:Australia 31019:Palestine 30947:Liverpool 30942:Cambridge 30795:Venezuela 30667:Argentina 30422:Nicaragua 30400:Guatemala 30180:Caribbean 30158:Geography 30017:Sri Lanka 29910:Education 29877:Household 29770:Affluence 29705:Rat tribe 29667:Ant tribe 29639:Precariat 29624:Lazzaroni 29566:Bohemians 29527:Overclass 29522:Old money 29458:Spartiate 29433:Kshatriya 29423:Hashashin 29380:Professor 29321:Political 29294:Oligarchy 29284:Hanseaten 29202:Stateless 29182:Convicted 29114:By status 29077:Subaltern 29009:Euthenics 28941:New class 28768:Workhouse 28688:Busy work 28502:Recession 28366:Pink slip 28324:Dismissal 28187:Careerism 27781:Singapore 27759:Hong Kong 27622:Schedules 27541:Tradesman 27442:Licensure 27402:Education 27372:Avocation 27313:No-collar 27293:Precariat 27174:Probation 27129:Job fraud 26614:Legal aid 26408:Race card 26343:Alt-right 26143:Argentina 26104:Palestine 26022:Australia 25848:Apartheid 25836:of racism 25607:Christian 25535:Prejudice 25483:Masculism 25431:Diversity 25225:religious 25200:Redlining 24799:Ethnocide 24759:Education 24651:Ukrainian 24586:Pakistani 24576:Mongolian 24497:Australia 24479:Hungarian 24434:Colombian 24414:Bulgarian 24296:Rastafari 24250:Ahmadiyya 24163:Religious 24141:Trans men 24099:Pregnancy 24034:Gayphobia 24029:Fatphobia 23934:Acephobia 23929:Arophobia 23913:Viewpoint 23143:(1936–38) 22629:Caribbean 22455:(b. 1982) 22407:(b. 1979) 21855:750831024 21683:Routledge 21592:0003-0678 21364:195243866 21312:162624457 21204:144866813 21167:220850066 20903:Lal, K.S. 20703:(1988) . 20693:750831024 20585:304436379 20533:1385-3783 20468:ignored ( 20458:cite book 20450:0072-9396 20366:(2007a). 20140:205804782 19901:148284255 19670:(1968) . 19340:0148-6179 19202:ignored ( 19192:cite book 19146:The Voice 18528:141017958 18332:0362-4331 17910:AllAfrica 17718:ignored ( 17708:cite book 16960:0362-4331 16844:March 14, 16397:165354205 16312:ignored ( 16302:cite book 16082:"Träldom" 15324:0013-0117 14744:179216974 14736:2304-4934 14446:155047611 14347:Routledge 14284:Routledge 13925:Routledge 13704:Routledge 13184:Routledge 13174:(2013) , 13107:0082-562X 12932:145709968 12924:0018-098X 12346:March 16, 12226:Ali, Arif 12003:154682898 11846:August 8, 11776:162278526 11532:0362-4331 11277:March 12, 11227:Routledge 11205:0261-3077 11074:. BRILL. 11053:March 23, 10893:Routledge 10823:Routledge 10749:1468-2621 10617:March 19, 10561:ignored ( 10551:cite book 10502:"Slavery" 10424:0362-4331 10066:154921369 10021:154616683 9852:: 77–78. 9309:help page 9186:Patterson 9106:(1): 51. 8664:0020-7438 8619:"slave". 8363:"Slavery" 7963:The Horde 7793:Thriller 7645:Gladiator 7169:Cervantes 7127:Spartacus 7060:Director 7014:Spartacus 7004:Spartacus 6956:Spartacus 6914:civil law 6873:Liverpool 6858:Jamestown 6783:Apologies 6675:Worldwide 6496:Wang Mang 6472:Wang Mang 6192:Brillante 5966:Economics 5955:Sri Lanka 5408:Egyptians 5321:The word 5250:romanized 5155:thralldom 5115:in 1783. 5101:Circassia 5097:Wallachia 4881:Æthelstan 4867:Radhanite 4736:provinces 4709:Spartacus 4658:purchase 4586:Indochina 4498:Hideyoshi 4475:to Asian 4402:. In the 4366:Altishahr 4298:Yu Xuanji 4293:livestock 4253:Wang Mang 4243:territory 4203:East Asia 4177:GEO Group 4173:CoreCivic 4110:Civil War 3996:Jefferson 3860:Louis XIV 3850:Code Noir 3831:of 1697, 3739:bandeiras 3536:In 1519, 3507:Hugh Gwyn 3464:Dominican 3440:New World 3328:Tupinambá 3204:When the 3012:islands. 2903:Ethiopian 2560:sugarcane 2556:monocrops 2538:Economics 2459:The word 2423:restaveks 2413:In 2007, 2325:The word 1999:Sklábinoi 1993:Σκλάβινοι 1939:The word 1935:Etymology 1889:Louisiana 1792:ownership 1708:Jefferson 1365:Mormonism 1300:Palestine 1114:Australia 1044:Indonesia 935:Lei Áurea 918:Code Noir 898:Caribbean 871:Treatment 610:Treatment 583:Devshirme 445:Odalisque 263:In Russia 204:Babylonia 192:Antiquity 35525:Stoicism 35428:Nihilism 35374:Legalism 35369:Kokugaku 35335:Idealism 35326:Humanism 35297:Hedonism 35287:Fatalism 35262:Eleatics 35242:Cynicism 35158:Tenrikyo 35081:Hinduism 35049:Caodaism 35044:Buddhism 35021:Veganism 34976:Pacifism 34941:Islamism 34901:Feminism 34785:Optimism 34761:Examples 34710:Theodicy 34700:Sympathy 34596:Morality 34454:Emotions 34449:Elegance 34377:Autonomy 34372:Altruism 34325:Theology 34254:Ontology 34220:Miracles 34076:Concepts 34056:Ætiology 34031:criteria 34014:folklore 33903:Evidence 33719:Mob rule 33710:Lynching 33470:Marriage 33448:cultural 33426:Holidays 33412:Funerals 33407:Families 33389:Doctrine 33352:cultural 33284:Rhetoric 33103:Charisma 33078:Argument 33073:Activism 32961:Cultural 32909:Academic 32842:Schemata 32812:Paradigm 32787:Memeplex 32768:Ideology 32758:factoids 32592:Scotland 32227:(Brazil) 32191:Violence 32140:Religion 31981:American 31830:Cemetery 31798:Supermax 31717:Military 31659:Debtors' 31583:Detainee 31576:Criminal 31528:Penology 31454:Category 31304:Asia and 31273:Haitians 31228:Nigeria 31218:Liberia 31188:diaspora 31164:Atlantic 31138:Malaysia 31039:Africans 30957:Scotland 30902:Portugal 30823:Abkhazia 30783:Saramaka 30758:Suriname 30748:Paraguay 30736:Saramaka 30704:Colombia 30682:Kalungas 30612:Garifuna 30548:Freedmen 30499:Mascogos 30432:Cimarrón 30405:Honduras 30383:Garifuna 30353:Merikins 30336:Garifuna 30250:Dominica 30208:Barbados 30188:Anguilla 30166:Americas 30109:Category 30041:Historic 29962:Colombia 29952:Cambodia 29887:Personal 29785:Mobility 29714:Freedman 29700:Plebeian 29686:Prisoner 29672:Commoner 29558:Creative 29539:Seigneur 29505:Nobility 29463:Vanniyar 29448:Pendekar 29408:Cossacks 29042:Snobbery 28914:Theories 28676:See also 28602:Workfare 28427:Turnover 27823:Benefits 27704:salaries 27660:Overtime 27650:Flextime 27582:Gap year 27577:Furlough 27546:Vocation 27529:Operator 27392:Coaching 27347:training 27225:Employer 27220:Employee 27124:Job fair 27002:Side job 26876:Abortion 26714:Suffrage 26463:Category 26378:Lynching 26353:Casteism 26198:Japanese 26057:Portugal 25988:Thailand 25956:Zimbabwe 25820:Symbolic 25810:Societal 25800:Romantic 25765:Gendered 25745:Cultural 25735:Colorism 25730:Aversive 25664:Category 25646:The talk 25582:Snobbery 25500:Net bias 25330:Feminism 25257:Ugly law 25098:Catholic 25066:policies 24913:Mortgage 24908:Lynching 24839:examples 24834:Genocide 24754:Economic 24739:Democide 24699:Bullying 24616:Romanian 24581:Nigerian 24524:Japanese 24459:Georgian 24444:Filipino 24377:Assyrian 24350:Armenian 24340:American 24335:Albanian 24317:National 24301:Yazidism 24223:Hinduism 24181:Buddhism 24084:Nepotism 24079:Misogyny 24074:Misandry 23999:Clannism 23994:Biphobia 23939:Adultism 23856:Language 23439:" (1848) 23185:Oroonoko 22869:John Jea 22473:(1663 – 22467:(1705–?) 22449:(1704–?) 22138:(2010). 21717:(2007). 21703:(1918). 21627:(1975). 21549:(2011). 21525:(1999). 21381:(2016). 21196:29770104 21089:(1994). 21061:(2007). 21033:(2016). 20905:(1994). 20731:(1999). 20620:(2014). 20581:ProQuest 20394:(2004). 20374:ABC-CLIO 20346:ABC-CLIO 20338:(1997). 20196:1773373W 20157:(1992). 20132:18340600 20023:(1978). 19938:(1992). 19856:(2002). 19836:ABC-CLIO 19796:(1978). 19623:61363605 19605:ABC-CLIO 19572:(1999). 19550:(1996). 19516:(2003). 19128:July 29, 19047:July 22, 18987:BBC News 18960:Archived 18927:BBC News 18901:BBC News 18795:15580435 18760:July 13, 18756:. UNESCO 18739:HuffPost 18481:24448702 18442:42843569 18137:(1841). 18034:July 24, 17999:. Du.edu 17776:Archived 17744:Archived 17692:Archived 17664:Archived 17634:Archived 17543:BBC News 17492:BBC News 17466:BBC News 17422:BBC News 17271:July 21, 17245:June 20, 17220:July 21, 17158:Archived 17132:BBC News 17078:NBC News 17033:July 11, 17027:Archived 17009:(2018). 16608:(2007). 16530:April 9, 16478:March 6, 16003:(2013). 15944:(2007). 15599:(2007). 15182:ABC-CLIO 15010:(2006). 14826:BBC News 14438:25188289 14206:25066328 14159:39655102 13653:March 2, 13456:allowed. 12904:Hesperia 12887:March 6, 12394:(2016). 12228:(1997). 12088:(1954). 11700:ABC-CLIO 11355:BBC News 11329:BBC News 10365:Archived 10311:Eurozine 10134:(1857). 9945:March 4, 9911:March 4, 9868:12835252 9662:Archived 9578:BBC News 9552:Archived 9348:July 27, 9293:BBC News 9212:(2016). 9120:00438243 9021:June 27, 8935:Archived 8835:"Sklave" 8833:(1995). 8797:(1989). 8781:40266114 8710:(1899). 8604:June 16, 8290:Mukataba 8249:See also 8058:Western 7338:Mandingo 7305:Mandingo 7257:Queimada 7066:Country 6725:states: 6700:Zanzibar 6502:Americas 6478:Emperor 6243:Incident 6221:Emanuela 6214:Incident 5947:Eswatini 5880:brothels 5788:Xinjiang 5529:Damascus 5477:and the 5461:and the 5450:Saqaliba 5435:(mainly 5433:Caucasus 5425:(mainly 5093:Moldavia 5027:Portugal 4981:devşirme 4971:and the 4933:and the 4847:Caucasus 4830:and the 4611:he mōkai 4609:Slaves ( 4502:en masse 4336:Booi Aha 4325:Negritos 4145:Arkansas 4096:won the 4050:Congress 3950:Staunton 3864:smallpox 3672:Saramaka 3614:Scottish 3475:Camagüey 3336:Comanche 3318:. Other 3277:Americas 3002:Tanzania 2721:Kippumjo 2684:branding 2558:such as 2259:in Yemen 2247:in Qatar 2216:and the 2160:chattels 2046:scylāvus 1848:outlawed 1796:property 1740:Iron bit 1730:40 acres 1693:breeding 1508:Freedman 1343:Religion 1203:Portugal 1088:Thailand 1078:Maldives 1073:Malaysia 1066:Kwalliso 1010:Booi Aha 962:Restavek 942:Colombia 913:Trinidad 903:Barbados 793:Zanzibar 741:Ethiopia 622:Saqaliba 516:Database 467:Saqaliba 228:Ancillae 58:a series 56:Part of 35589:Slavery 35554:Yangism 35539:Thomism 35515:Sophism 35257:Dualism 35218:Cārvāka 35203:Atomism 35143:Sikhism 35133:Atheism 35101:Judaism 35096:Jainism 35086:Hòa Hảo 34896:Fascism 34725:Virtues 34564:Liberty 34542:Justice 34522:Harmony 34432:Ecstasy 34417:Disgust 34407:Consent 34367:Charity 34300:Reality 34283:Physics 34175:History 34156:Fiction 34141:Nothing 34127:Destiny 34115:Deities 33930:fideism 33896:outline 33739:Mobbing 33535:Worship 33525:Symbols 33507:Rituals 33500:secular 33465:Liturgy 33431:Hygiene 33402:Slavery 33398:Serfdom 33339:Culture 32890:Aspects 32802:Mindset 32763:Framing 32721:Context 32702:Beliefs 32633:Commons 32571:Bermuda 32559:Ukraine 32487:Jamaica 32466:Iceland 32459:Germany 32452:Estonia 32404:Prisons 32184:Suicide 32177:Strikes 31936:Culture 31865:Officer 31858:Nursery 31851:Library 31738:Private 31629:Prisons 31590:Hostage 31569:Convict 31513:Science 31464:Commons 31425:Slavery 31415:Maroons 31334:Related 31306:Oceania 31264:France 31153:Kaffirs 31065:Oceania 30932:Ukraine 30907:Romania 30877:Ireland 30860:Germany 30843:Finland 30838:Denmark 30833:Belgium 30828:Austria 30790:Uruguay 30768:Matawai 30716:Ecuador 30687:Macombo 30672:Bolivia 30660:America 30482:Ontario 30445:America 30371:America 30369:Central 30294:Jamaica 30282:Marabou 30272:Grenada 30245:Curaçao 30213:Bermuda 30203:Bahamas 30012:Romania 30007:Nigeria 29892:Poverty 29795:Classes 29780:History 29691:Peasant 29677:Outcast 29616:Working 29596:Burgher 29453:Samurai 29443:Ocēlōtl 29403:Chhetri 29395:Warrior 29385:Scholar 29299:Russian 29289:Magnate 29277:Aristoi 29256:By type 29143:Citizen 29136:refugee 29032:Poverty 29026:Parvenu 28960:Related 28931:Marxian 28893:Stratum 28652:U.S.A.: 28257:Peonage 28232:Slavery 28182:Boreout 27921:Karoshi 27871:Pension 27655:On-call 27360:Artisan 27044:Laborer 26624:Liberty 26473:Commons 26383:Passing 26338:Ableism 26261:Mexican 26181:Chinese 26077:Ukraine 26042:Germany 26032:Denmark 25993:Vietnam 25674:Commons 25453:Figleaf 24878:Housing 24646:Turkish 24596:Pashtun 24566:Mexican 24546:Kurdish 24519:Italian 24469:Haitian 24454:Finnish 24429:Chinese 24424:Chechen 24419:Catalan 24409:Bengali 24330:African 24315:Ethnic/ 24274:Judaism 24265:Sunnism 24255:Shi'ism 24171:Atheism 24004:Elitism 23903:Species 23841:Genetic 23831:Dialect 23724:Slavery 23719:Serfdom 23517:Related 23311:Beloved 23295:Kindred 23263:Jubilee 23255:Our Nig 22175:at the 21815:(ed.). 21600:2712264 21304:2638543 21254:4211433 21233:2234490 20653:(ed.). 20434:, Ltd. 20094:July 4, 19467:June 3, 19447:3660347 19348:2904301 19268:May 16, 19123:Brattle 18520:2649071 18158:in 1880 17978:May 22, 17950:May 20, 17870:May 19, 17842:May 19, 17810:May 19, 17782:July 1, 17750:July 1, 17698:July 1, 17670:July 1, 17640:July 1, 17523:May 28, 16760:May 31, 16439:, Inc. 15898:May 31, 15829:May 31, 15791:May 31, 15717:May 31, 15277:May 11, 15235:May 11, 15197:May 31, 15159:May 31, 14023:Chinese 12292:wdl.org 11995:2120553 11407:May 31, 10735:: 104. 10704:May 15, 10212:May 31, 10174:May 31, 10058:2116721 10013:2117209 9374:May 12, 9300:May 23, 9028:freedom 8971:May 31, 8087: 8084: 8045: 8042: 8014: 7973: 7920:Lincoln 7909: 7867: 7851: 7832: 7829: 7813:Germany 7801: 7780: 7777: 7749: 7728: 7687: 7631: 7601:Beloved 7592: 7589: 7559:Amistad 7426: 7414:Chomsky 7369: 7295: 7292: 7223: 7202: 7199: 7160: 7157: 7072:Author 6793:Taubira 6590:Liberia 6486:in the 5942:fishing 5926:torture 5848:Samsung 5824:Inditex 5820:H&M 5564:Bukhara 5552:Persian 5445:Central 5443:), and 5441:Tartars 5431:), the 5377:caravan 5323:"GULAG" 5252:: 5241:Russian 5233:Kremlin 5139:kholops 5135:Muscovy 5043:Córdoba 5037:caliph 5035:Almohad 4911:English 4901:Bristol 4897:Chester 4883:'s and 4851:Tartary 4839:Central 4797:Serfdom 4703:); the 4605:Oceania 4558:by the 4552:Malabar 4422:yangban 4377:Kisaeng 4283:Chinese 4279:jianmin 4239:Marquis 4161:in 2018 4141:Alabama 4137:Georgia 4119:to the 4058:Britain 4016:hanging 3876:aborted 3812:in 1791 3721:, 1839. 3663:Marrons 3652:Maroons 3618:African 3616:, with 3606:English 3444:Spanish 3366:Tlingit 3348:and by 3263:Dahomey 3257:), the 3232:Swahili 3228:Red Sea 3182:kinship 3101:Algiers 3093:Algiers 2915:Ferrara 2899:retinue 2888:Songhai 2796:History 2703:kisaeng 2544:serfdom 2505:and by 2496:slavery 2461:slavery 2364:serfdom 2327:slavery 2243:in Oman 2195:in 1888 2140:Georgia 2082:skyleúō 2076:skūleúō 2070:σκυλεύω 2039:sclāvus 2017:σκλάβος 1972:sklábos 1966:σκλάβος 1957:esclave 1907:of the 1836:poverty 1790:is the 1788:Slavery 1718:Lincoln 1591:Related 1491:Liberia 1377:Judaism 1315:Tunisia 1290:Morocco 1280:Lebanon 1245:Bahrain 1240:Algeria 1208:Romania 1173:Denmark 1166:Slavery 1100:Vietnam 771:Somalia 761:Nigeria 736:Comoros 664:Pirates 573:Ghilman 506:Bristol 396:history 369:pirates 258:History 147:Peonage 70:slavery 35408:Monism 35403:Mohism 35355:Ionian 35321:Holism 35153:Taoism 35138:Shinto 35039:Baháʼí 34685:Styles 34663:ethics 34653:Rights 34601:public 34586:Maxims 34527:Honour 34476:Ethics 34392:Comedy 34382:Beauty 34310:Spirit 34242:Nature 34215:Matter 34170:Future 33952:Memory 33937:Gnosis 33874:Axioms 33804:animal 33685:Holism 33573:animal 33436:ritual 33416:Burial 33357:social 33262:forced 33153:values 33053:ethnic 32924:Belief 32901:Biases 32867:Umwelt 32552:Turkey 32529:Russia 32515:Norway 31897:Escape 31886:Warden 31687:Island 31383:Yoruba 31336:topics 31313:Israel 31258:Europe 31203:Ghana 31196:Africa 31034:Turkey 31009:Jordan 30992:Israel 30952:London 30922:Sweden 30912:Russia 30897:Poland 30892:Norway 30870:Blacks 30865:Greece 30848:France 30814:Blacks 30809:Europe 30773:Ndyuka 30763:Kwinti 30743:Guyana 30731:Ndyuka 30709:Raizal 30677:Brazil 30642:Yoruba 30627:Lumbee 30607:Fulani 30585:Gullah 30494:Mexico 30452:Canada 30427:Panama 30378:Belize 30287:Marron 30260:Cocolo 29967:France 29947:Belize 29942:Africa 29869:Income 29825:Middle 29818:Gentry 29682:Outlaw 29589:Petite 29576:Middle 29510:Landed 29495:Gentry 29428:Knight 29368:Priest 29363:Clergy 29326:Family 29264:Ruling 29213:collar 29170:Clique 28886:Status 28356:Layoff 27906:Crunch 27764:Europe 27754:Canada 27742:Europe 27343:Career 27184:Résumé 27059:Hiring 26967:Casual 26863:Sexual 26305:Slavic 26300:Romani 26295:Muslim 26268:Jewish 26215:Korean 26176:Asians 26148:Brazil 26131:Mexico 26121:Canada 26109:Turkey 26099:Israel 26062:Russia 26052:Poland 26037:France 26027:Europe 25946:Africa 25780:Patent 25760:Formal 25740:Covert 25716:Racism 25639:threat 25493:autism 25230:sexual 25220:racial 25103:Jewish 24960:Pogrom 24938:Chiefs 24928:Braves 24656:Uyghur 24631:Somali 24626:Slavic 24611:Romani 24606:Quebec 24601:Polish 24541:Korean 24502:Canada 24489:Indian 24474:Hazara 24449:Fulani 24360:France 24325:Afghan 24260:Sufism 23989:Audism 23922:Social 23851:Height 23689:Corvée 23631:(2008) 23623:(2002) 23615:(1867) 23607:(2008) 23599:(1931) 23591:(1847) 23583:(1783) 23509:(2008) 23501:(2003) 23482:(2022) 23474:(1859) 23466:(1858) 23447:(1853) 23429:Essays 23421:(2006) 23413:(1965) 23405:(1951) 23386:(2016) 23378:(2007) 23370:(2006) 23362:(2003) 23354:(2002) 23346:(2001) 23338:(1996) 23330:(1993) 23322:(1990) 23314:(1987) 23306:(1986) 23298:(1979) 23290:(1977) 23282:(1976) 23274:(1967) 23266:(1966) 23258:(1859) 23250:(1856) 23220:(1853) 23217:Clotel 23212:(1852) 23204:(1852) 23196:(1841) 23188:(1688) 23167:(2018) 23159:(1972) 23151:(1956) 23135:(1901) 23127:(1881) 23119:(1872) 23111:(1861) 23103:(1855) 23095:(1853) 23087:(1849) 23079:(1845) 23071:(1839) 23063:(1816) 23055:(1789) 22804:–1901) 22800:(1815 22722:(1834) 22604:Canada 22529:Europe 22386:Africa 22293:Modern 22150: 22124: 22103: 22067: 22028: 22004: 21979: 21954: 21929: 21901: 21876: 21853: 21845: 21835: 21785: 21756: 21731: 21689: 21664: 21637: 21598: 21590: 21559: 21535: 21511: 21486: 21465: 21444: 21419: 21391: 21362: 21310: 21302: 21252: 21231: 21202: 21194: 21165: 21127: 21106: 21075: 21047: 21019: 20994: 20969: 20944: 20915: 20891: 20866: 20841: 20820: 20795: 20770: 20745: 20717: 20691: 20683: 20673: 20634: 20583: 20573: 20548: 20531: 20491: 20448: 20438: 20408: 20380: 20352: 20324: 20286: 20261: 20230: 20194: 20171: 20138: 20130: 20085: 20060: 20037: 19996: 19950: 19899: 19868: 19842: 19819: 19782: 19753: 19724: 19684: 19621: 19611: 19586: 19558: 19536: 19445: 19410:494885 19408: 19346: 19338: 19297: 19231: 19180: 18793: 18783: 18647:UNESCO 18551: 18526: 18518: 18479: 18440: 18388: 18330: 18296: 18240: 18212: 17019: 16958: 16908: 16786:May 1, 16751: 16670: 16451: 16395: 16042: 15889: 15858: 15820: 15782: 15751: 15708: 15640: 15524: 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