Slavery - Knowledge

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slaves occurred during a famine following the revolt of the Nayaka Indian rulers of South India (Tanjavur, Senji, and Madurai) against Bijapur overlordship (1645) and the subsequent devastation of the Tanjavur countryside by the Bijapur army. Reportedly, more than 150,000 people were taken by the invading Deccani Muslim armies to Bijapur and Golconda. In 1646, 2,118 slaves were exported to Batavia, the overwhelming majority from southern Coromandel. Some slaves were also acquired further south at Tondi, Adirampatnam, and Kayalpatnam. Another increase in slaving took place between 1659 and 1661 from Tanjavur as a result of a series of successive Bijapuri raids. At Nagapatnam, Pulicat, and elsewhere, the company purchased 8,000–10,000 slaves, the bulk of whom were sent to Ceylon, while a small portion were exported to Batavia and Malacca. Finally, following a long drought in Madurai and southern Coromandel, in 1673, which intensified the prolonged Madurai-Maratha struggle over Tanjavur and punitive fiscal practices, thousands of people from Tanjavur, mostly children, were sold into slavery and exported by Asian traders from Nagapattinam to Aceh, Johor, and other slave markets.

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relying on peak years to calculate averages for entire centuries, or millennia. Hence, there were wide fluctuations year-to-year, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, given slave imports, and also given the fact that, prior to the 1840s, there are no consistent records. Middle East expert, John Wright, cautions that modern estimates are based on back-calculations from human observation. Such observations, across the late 16th and early 17th century observers, account for around 35,000 European Christian slaves held throughout this period on the Barbary Coast, across Tripoli, Tunis, but mostly in Algiers. The majority were sailors (particularly those who were English), taken with their ships, but others were fishermen and coastal villagers. However, most of these captives were people from lands close to Africa, particularly Spain and Italy. This eventually led to the

6567: 6305: 3630: 7225: 2632:, the profits generated worldwide by all forms of slavery in 2007 were $ 91.2 billion. That was second only to drug trafficking, in terms of global criminal enterprises. At the time the weighted average global sales price of a slave was estimated to be approximately $ 340, with a high of $ 1,895 for the average trafficked sex slave, and a low of $ 40 to $ 50 for debt bondage slaves in part of Asia and Africa. The weighted average annual profits generated by a slave in 2007 was $ 3,175, with a low of an average $ 950 for bonded labour and $ 29,210 for a trafficked sex slave. Approximately 40% of slave profits each year were generated by trafficked sex slaves, representing slightly more than 4% of the world's 29 million slaves. 11957:"The earlier forms of servitude were varied, complex, and very often of a different sociological category than those which were prevalent after the 14th century. While all forms of servitude are certainly unacceptable to most people today, this has not always been the case. Formerly, the rules of war and society were such that servitude was often imposed as a penalty on criminals and prisoners of war, and was even freely chosen by many workers for economic reasons. Children born of those held in servitude were also at times considered to be in the same state as that of their parents. These types of servitude were the most common among those generally considered to establish the so-called 'just titles' of servitude." 3839:. France received the western third and subsequently named it Saint-Domingue. To develop it into sugarcane plantations, the French imported thousands of slaves from Africa. Sugar was a lucrative commodity crop throughout the 18th century. By 1789, approximately 40,000 white colonists lived in Saint-Domingue. The whites were vastly outnumbered by the tens of thousands of African slaves they had imported to work on their plantations, which were primarily devoted to the production of sugarcane. In the north of the island, slaves were able to retain many ties to African cultures, religion and language; these ties were continually being renewed by newly imported Africans. Blacks outnumbered whites by about ten to one. 4020:, who escaped to freedom, reported that on one plantation, slave men were required to pick 80 pounds (36 kg) of cotton per day, while women were required to pick 70 pounds (32 kg) per day; if any slave failed in their quota, they were subject to whip lashes for each pound they were short. The whipping post stood next to the cotton scales. A New York man who attended a slave auction in the mid-19th century reported that at least three-quarters of the male slaves he saw at sale had scars on their backs from whipping. By contrast, small slave-owning families had closer relationships between the owners and slaves; this sometimes resulted in a more humane environment but was not a given. 1881: 78: 4952: 3813: 3801: 5481: 5325:, or Main Camp Administration, the institution which ran the Soviet camps. But over time, the word has also come to signify the system of Soviet slave labor itself, in all its forms and varieties: labor camps, punishment camps, criminal and political camps, women's camps, children's camps, transit camps. Even more broadly, "Gulag" has come to mean the Soviet repressive system itself, the set of procedures that Alexander Solzhenitsyn once called "our meat grinder": the arrests, the interrogations, the transport in unheated cattle cars, the forced labor, the destruction of families, the years spent in exile, the early and unnecessary deaths. 3707: 3185: 4647: 4319:. Slavery has taken various forms throughout China's history. It was reportedly abolished as a legally recognized institution, including in a 1909 law fully enacted in 1910, although the practice continued until at least 1949. Tang Chinese soldiers and pirates enslaved Koreans, Turks, Persians, Indonesians, and people from Inner Mongolia, central Asia, and northern India. The greatest source of slaves came from southern tribes, including Thais and aboriginals from the southern provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Guizhou. Malays, Khmers, Indians, and "black skinned" peoples (who were either Austronesian 3181:

the larger family ties. Children of slaves born into families could be integrated into the master's kinship group and rise to prominent positions within society, even to the level of chief in some instances. However, stigma often remained attached and there could be strict separations between slave members of a kinship group and those related to the master. Slavery was practiced in many different forms: debt slavery, enslavement of war captives, military slavery, and criminal slavery were all practiced in various parts of Africa. Slavery for domestic and court purposes was widespread throughout Africa.

7097: 2333: 2921: 7371: 4348:." The Manchu was establishing close personal and paternalist relationship between masters and their slaves, as Nurhachi said, "The Master should love the slaves and eat the same food as him". However, booi aha "did not correspond exactly to the Chinese category of "bond-servant slave" (Chinese:奴僕); instead, it was a relationship of personal dependency on a master which in theory guaranteed close personal relationships and equal treatment, even though many western scholars would directly translate "booi" as "bond-servant" (some of the "booi" even had their own servant). 7185: 4369: 4027:, which had a surplus of labour, and taken to the Deep South in a forced migration, splitting up many families. New communities of African American culture were developed in the Deep South, and the total slave population in the South eventually reached 4 million before liberation. In the 19th century, proponents of slavery often defended the institution as a "necessary evil". White people of that time feared that emancipation of black slaves would have more harmful social and economic consequences than the continuation of slavery. The French writer and traveler 5162: 6438: 2649: 8227: 8124: 8070: 8028: 7936: 7815: 7763: 7673: 7617: 7575: 7527: 7428: 7322: 7143: 3084: 3692: 2621: 3937: 2189:"), and sought to abolish it. Abolitionism encountered extreme resistance but was eventually successful. Several of the states of the United States began abolishing slavery during the American Revolutionary War. The French Revolution tried to abolish slavery in 1794, but a permanent abolition did not occur until 1848. In much of the British Empire, slavery was subject to abolition in 1833, throughout the United States it was abolished in 1865 and in Cuba in 1886. The last country in the Americas to abolish slavery was Brazil, 5637: 8215: 3754:

infrastructure, and population boomed from immigrants seeking to take part in gold and diamond mining. Demand for African slaves did not wane after the decline of the mining industry in the second half of the 18th century. Cattle ranching and foodstuff production proliferated after the population growth, both of which relied heavily on slave labour. 1.7 million slaves were imported to Brazil from Africa from 1700 to 1800, and the rise of coffee in the 1830s further enticed expansion of the slave trade.

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1680–1731," p. 332. Filliot estimated the average mortality rate among slaves shipped from India and West Africa to the Mascarene Islands at 20–25% and 25–30%, respectively. Average mortality rates among slaves arriving from closer catchment areas were lower: 12% from Madagascar and 21% from Southeast Africa. See Filliot, La Traite des Esclaves, p. 228; A. Toussaint, La Route des Îles: Contribution Ã l'Histoire Maritime des Mascareignes (Paris, 1967); Allen, "The Madagascar Slave Trade and Labor Migration."

28783: 3388: 5115: 5004: 8172: 8112: 8016: 7751: 7661: 2583: 6750:, Rabbi David Rosen, Abbas Abdalla Abbas Soliman, Undersecretary of State of Al Azhar Alsharif (representing Mohamed Ahmed El-Tayeb, Grand Imam of Al-Azhar), Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi, Sheikh Naziyah Razzaq Jaafar, Special advisor of Grand Ayatollah (representing Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Basheer Hussain al Najafi), Sheikh Omar Abboud, Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Metropolitan Emmanuel of France (representing Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew.) 3505:, for the remainder of his life, for attempting to run away. This case was significant because it established the disparity between his sentence as a black man and that of the two white indentured servants who escaped with him (one described as Dutch and one as a Scotchman). It is the first documented case of a black man sentenced to lifetime servitude and is considered one of the first legal cases to make a racial distinction between black and white indentured servants. 7853: 7714: 5996:. Because of the illegal nature of human trafficking, its extent is unknown. A U.S. government report, published in 2005, estimates that about 700,000 people worldwide are trafficked across borders each year. This figure does not include those who are trafficked internally. Another research effort revealed that roughly 1.5 million individuals are trafficked either internally or internationally each year, of which about 500,000 are sex trafficking victims. 32618: 31451: 30106: 26460: 25661: 5894:, the last country to abolish slavery (in 1981), it is estimated that 20% of its population of 3 million people are enslaved as bonded labourers. Slavery in Mauritania was criminalized in August 2007. However, although slavery, as a practice, was legally banned in 1981, it was not a crime to own a slave until 2007. Although many slaves have escaped or have been freed since 2007, as of 2012, only one slave owner had been sentenced to serve time in prison. 4762: 2135: 3377: 15294:"Victoria county history: a history of the county of Chester, vol. V, 2, The city of Chester: culture, buildings and institutions – Edited by Christopher P. Lewis and Alan T. Thacker Victoria county history: a history of the county of Durham, vol. IV, Darlington – Edited by Gillian Cookson Victoria county history: a history of the County of Oxford, vol. XV, Carterton, Minster Lovell, and environs (Bampton Hundred part three) – Edited by S. Townley" 4068: 4204: 4504:, that he wrote a letter to Jesuit Vice-Provincial Gaspar Coelho on July 24, 1587, to demand the Portuguese, Siamese (Thai), and Cambodians stop purchasing and enslaving Japanese and return Japanese slaves who ended up as far as India. Hideyoshi blamed the Portuguese and Jesuits for this slave trade and banned Christian proselytizing as a result. In 1595, a law was passed by Portugal banning the selling and buying of Chinese and Japanese slaves. 14178:, p. 225: "be very loyal, intelligent, and hard-working. Their culinary bent (not for nothing is Chinese cooking regarded as the Asiatic equivalent to French cooking in Europe) was evidently appreciated. The Florentine traveller Filipe Sassetti recording his impressions of Lisbon's enormous slave population circa 1580, states that the majority of the Chinese there were employed as cooks. Dr. John Fryer, who gives us an interesting ...". 14094:, p. 225: "be very loyal, intelligent, and hard-working. Their culinary bent (not for nothing is Chinese cooking regarded as the Asiatic equivalent to French cooking in Europe) was evidently appreciated. The Florentine traveller Filipe Sassetti recording his impressions of Lisbon's enormous slave population circa 1580, states that the majority of the Chinese there were employed as cooks. Dr. John Fryer, who gives us an interesting ...". 3621:

addition to transporting most of the sugar to Europe. In 1644, the population of Barbados was estimated at 30,000, of which about 800 were of African descent, with the remainder mainly of English descent. By 1700, there were 15,000 free whites and 50,000 enslaved Africans. In Jamaica, although the African slave population in the 1670s and 1680s never exceeded 10,000, by 1800 it had increased to over 300,000. The increased implementation of

26480: 7895: 6578: 5661: 7803: 7476: 6916:. Mandatory systems of fines and reparations paid to an as yet undetermined group of claimants from fines, paid by unspecified parties, and collected by authorities have been proposed by advocates to alleviate this "civil court problem." Since in almost all cases there are no living ex-slaves or living ex-slave owners these movements have gained little traction. In nearly all cases the judicial system has ruled that the 3425: 5744:

of the most advanced countries in the world yet has more than 400,000 modern slaves working under forced labour conditions." An estimated 40.3 million are enslaved globally, with North Korea having the most slaves at 2.6 million (one in 10). Of the estimated 40.3 million people in contemporary slavery, 71% are women and 29% are men. The report found of the 40.3 million in modern slavery, 15.4 million are in

7975: 6437: 5531: 7278: 3122: 32630: 31461: 26470: 25671: 6436: 3590: 6435: 2147: 6946: 2124: 2665: 6434: 5212: 2809: 4014:, beating, burning, mutilation, branding and imprisonment. Punishment was most often meted out in response to disobedience or perceived infractions, but sometimes abuse was carried out to re-assert the dominance of the master or overseer of the slave. Treatment was usually harsher on large plantations, which were often managed by overseers and owned by absentee slaveholders. 5566:

was an institution recognized in the Quran and morally justified under the guise of warfare against non-Muslims, and non-Muslims were kidnapped and enslaved by Muslims around the Muslim world: in the Balkans, the Caucasus, the Baluchistan, India, South West Asia and the Philippines. Slaves where marsched in schackles to the coasts of Sudan, Ethiopia and Somali, placed upon

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descent. Jewish slaves never fully assimilated into Roman society, remaining an identifiable minority. These slaves (especially the foreigners) had higher death rates and lower birth rates than natives and were sometimes subjected to mass expulsions. The average recorded age at death for the slaves in Rome was seventeen and a half years (17.2 for males; 17.9 for females).

3569:, limited punishments, required religious instruction, and protected marriages, forbidding the sale of young children away from their mothers. The British made other changes to the institution of slavery in Cuba. However, planters often flouted the laws and protested against them, considering them a threat to their authority and an intrusion into their personal lives. 5072:. In the second half of the 16th century, the Crown gave up the monopoly on slave trade, and the focus of European trade in African slaves shifted from import to Europe to slave transports directly to tropical colonies in the Americas – especially Brazil. In the 15th century one-third of the slaves were resold to the African market in exchange of gold. 4484:. Historians pointed out that at the same time Hideyoshi expressed his indignation and outrage at the Portuguese trade in Japanese slaves, he was engaging in a mass slave trade of Korean prisoners of war in Japan. Fillippo Sassetti saw some Chinese and Japanese slaves in Lisbon among the large slave community in 1578, although most of the slaves were black. 4933:. However, when England began to have colonies in the Americas, and particularly from the 1640s, African slaves began to make their appearance in England and remained a presence until the eighteenth century. In Scotland, slaves continued to be sold as chattels until late in the eighteenth century (on the second May 1722, an advertisement appeared in the 14048:

japoneses) já existiam aos montes em Lisboa por volta de 1578, quando Filippo Sassetti visitou a cidade,18 apenas suplantados em número pelos africanos. Parece aliás que aos últimos cabia o trabalho pesado, ficando reservadas aos chins tarefas e funções mais amenas, inclusive a de em certos casos secretariar autoridades civis, religiosas e militares.

11913:"For the first time, and probably for the last, a colonizing nation organized a formal enquiry into the justice of the methods used to extend its empire. For the first time, too, in the modern world, we see an attempt to stigmatize an entire race as inferior, as born slaves according to the theory elaborated centuries before by Aristotle." 4064:, and tensions continued to rise. Many white Southern Christians, including church ministers, attempted to justify their support for slavery as modified by Christian paternalism. The largest denominations, the Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian churches, split over the slavery issue into regional organizations of the North and South. 3683:

generally escaped through the rain forest, which they knew much better than did the colonists. To end hostilities, in the 18th century the European colonial authorities signed several peace treaties with different tribes. They granted the Maroons sovereign status and trade rights in their inland territories, giving them autonomy.

5137:. According to David P. Forsythe, "In 1649 up to three-quarters of Muscovy's peasants, or 13 to 14 million people, were serfs whose material lives were barely distinguishable from slaves. Perhaps another 1.5 million were formally enslaved, with Russian slaves serving Russian masters." Slavery remained a major institution in 3548:. A labour shortage resulted. This led to the African slaves being imported, as they were not susceptible to smallpox. In exchange, many Africans were afforded the opportunity to buy their freedom, while eventually others were granted their freedom by their masters. In Jamaica, the Spanish enslaved many of the 6866:

issued a public apology for London's role in Atlantic slave trade, which took place at an event commemorating the 200th anniversary of the British slave trade's abolition. In his speech, Livingstone described the slave trade as "the racial murder of not just those who were transported but generations

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There is adequate evidence citing case after case of African control of segments of the trade. Several African nations such as the Calabar and other southern parts of Nigeria had economies depended solely on the trade. African peoples such as the Imbangala of Angola and the Nyamwezi of Tanzania would

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seized approximately 1,600 slave ships and freed 150,000 Africans who were aboard. Action was also taken against African leaders who refused to agree to British treaties to outlaw the trade, for example against "the usurping King of Lagos", deposed in 1851. Anti-slavery treaties were signed with over

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with drugs to control their victims. "Annually, according to U.S. government-sponsored research completed in 2006, approximately 800,000 people are trafficked across national borders, which does not include millions trafficked within their own countries. Approximately 80% of transnational victims are

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reported in 2018 that slavery in wealthy Western societies is much more prevalent than previously known, in particular the United States and Great Britain, which have 403,000 (one in 800) and 136,000 slaves respectively. Andrew Forrest, founder of the organization, said that "The United States is one

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By 1870, chattel slavery had been at least formally banned in most areas of the world, with the exception of Muslim lands in Caucasus, Africa, and the Gulf. While slavery was by the 1870s viewed as morally unacceptable in the West, slavery was not considered to be imoral in the Muslim world since it

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population could fluctuate up to about one-third of the population, but on average the nobi made up about 10% of the total population. The nobi system declined beginning in the 18th century. Since the outset of the Joseon dynasty and especially beginning in the 17th century, there was harsh criticism

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described the losses of Sudanese slaves being transported on foot to Egypt: "after the Daftardar bey's 1822 campaign in the southern Nuba mountains, nearly 40,000 slaves were captured. However, through bad treatment, disease and desert travel barely 5,000 made it to Egypt." W.A. Veenhoven wrote: "The

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on coastal villages and ships extending from Italy to Iceland, enslaved an estimated 1 to 1.25 million Europeans between the 16th and 19th centuries. However, this estimate is the result of an extrapolation which assumes that the number of European slaves captured by Barbary pirates was constant

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where land is abundant, but labour is scarce, such that rent is depressed and paid workers can demand high wages. If the opposite holds true, then it is more costly for landowners to guard the slaves than to employ paid workers who can demand only low wages because of the degree of competition. Thus,

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proponents to define involuntary psychiatric patients, claiming there are no unbiased physical tests for mental illness and yet the psychiatric patient must follow the orders of the psychiatrist. They assert that instead of chains to control the slave, the psychiatrist uses drugs to control the mind.

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was the last country in the world to officially ban slavery, in 1981, with legal prosecution of slaveholders established in 2007. However, in 2019, approximately 40 million people, of whom 26% were children, were still enslaved throughout the world despite slavery being illegal. In the modern world,

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Many of them are locked in the house of their Taiwanese employers, never allowed to have a day off, and virtually under the control of their employer," Fr O'Neill said. "Some are also victims of sexual abuse – raped by the husband who is their employer. They run away and become undocumented workers,

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are typically recruited through deceit or trickery (such as a false job offer, false migration offer, or false marriage offer), sale by family members, recruitment by former slaves, or outright abduction. Victims are forced into a "debt slavery" situation by coercion, deception, fraud, intimidation,

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were "hunted incessantly and carried off as slaves by the Siamese (Thai), the Anamites (Vietnamese), and the Cambodians". A Siamese military campaign in Laos in 1876 was described by a British observer as having been "transformed into slave-hunting raids on a large scale". The census, taken in 1879,

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The Portuguese also valued Oriental slaves more than the black Africans and the Moors for their rarity. Chinese slaves were more expensive than Moors and blacks and showed off the high status of the owner. The Portuguese attributed qualities like intelligence and industriousness to Chinese, Japanese

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products”, They always had a low social status, and even if they were deliberately murdered, the perpetrators received only a year in prison, and were punished even when they reported the crimes of their lords. However, in the Later period of the dynasty, perhaps because the increase in the number

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Slaves that made it to Haiti from the trans-Atlantic journey and slaves born in Haiti were first documented in Haiti's archives and transferred to France's Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. As of 2015, these records are in The National Archives of France. According to the 1788

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economy in Brazil, and sugar was the primary export of the colony from 1600 to 1650. Gold and diamond deposits were discovered in Brazil in 1690, which sparked an increase in the importation of African slaves to power this newly profitable market. Transportation systems were developed for the mining

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structures. In many African communities, where land could not be owned, enslavement of individuals was used as a means to increase the influence a person had and expand connections. This made slaves a permanent part of a master's lineage and the children of slaves could become closely connected with

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Davis' numbers have been refuted by other historians, such as David Earle, who cautions that true picture of Europeans slaves is clouded by the fact the corsairs also seized non-Christian whites from eastern Europe. In addition, the number of slaves traded was hyperactive, with exaggerated estimates

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Since the 18th century, critics have argued that slavery hinders technological advancement because the focus is on increasing the number of slaves doing simple tasks rather than upgrading their efficiency. For example, it is sometimes argued that, because of this narrow focus, technology in Greece –

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The non-Jewish population was subjected to Nazi terror, too. Hundreds of thousands were deported to Germany as slave laborers, thousands of villages and towns were burned or destroyed, and millions were starved to death as the Germans plundered the entire region. Timothy Snyder estimates that 'half

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Of 2,467 slaves traded on 12 slave voyages from Batavia, India, and Madagascar between 1677 and 1701 to the Cape, 1,617 were landed with a loss of 850 slaves, or 34.45%. On 19 voyages between 1677 and 1732, the mortality rate was somewhat lower (22.7%). See Shell, "Slavery at the Cape of Good Hope,

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VOC 1479, OBP 1691, fls. 611r–627v, Specificatie van Allerhande Koopmansz. tot Tuticurin, Manaapar en Alvatt.rij Ingekocht, 1670/71–1689/90; W. Ph. Coolhaas and J.van Goor, eds, Generale Missiven van Gouverneurs-Generaal en Raden van Indiaan Heren Zeventien der Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (The

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ing Chinese as slaves, since they are found to be very loyal, intelligent and hard working' ... their culinary bent was also evidently appreciated. The Florentine traveller Fillippo Sassetti, recording his impressions of Lisbon's enormous slave population circa 1580, states that the majority of the

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Idéias e costumes da China podem ter-nos chegado também através de escravos chineses, de uns poucos dos quais sabe-se da presença no Brasil de começos do Setecentos.17 Mas não deve ter sido através desses raros infelizes que a influência chinesa nos atingiu, mesmo porque escravos chineses (e também

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would be worthy of scholarly attention, in my view. For as in the case of global slavery, the Gulag found legitimacy in an elaborate narrative of difference that involved the presumption of dangerousness and guilt. This ideology of difference and the violence of human exploitation have left lasting

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stated that "many colliers and salters are in a state of slavery and bondage" and announced emancipation; those starting work after July 1, 1775, would not become slaves, while those already in a state of slavery could, after 7 or 10 years depending on their age, apply for a decree of the Sheriff's

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made many proposals and developments that lessened the burden on nobi, which led to the emancipation of the vast majority of government nobi in 1801. In addition, population growth, numerous escaped slaves, growing commercialization of agriculture, and the rise of the independent small farmer class

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While American slaves in 1809 were sold for around $ 40,000 (in inflation adjusted dollars), a slave nowadays can be bought for just $ 90, making replacement more economical than providing long-term care. Slavery is a multibillion-dollar industry with estimates of up to $ 35 billion generated

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formally banned the Red Sea slave trade, but it was not enforced in the Ottoman Provinces in the Arabian Peninsula. In the late 19th-century, the Sultan of Morocco stated to Western diplomats that it was impossible for him to ban slavery because such a ban would not be enforcable, but the British

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by Tatar raids on Slavic villages but also by conquest and the suppression of rebellions, in the aftermath of which entire populations were sometimes enslaved and sold across the Empire, reducing the risk of future rebellion. The Ottomans also purchased slaves from traders who brought slaves into

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In September 1687, 665 slaves were exported by the English from Fort St. George, Madras. And, in 1694–96, when warfare once more ravaged South India, a total of 3,859 slaves were imported from Coromandel by private individuals into Ceylon. The volume of the total Dutch Indian Ocean slave trade has

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in 1543, slave trade developed in which Portuguese purchased Japanese as slaves in Japan and sold them to various locations overseas, including Portugal, throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. Many documents mention the slave trade along with protests against the enslavement of Japanese. Japanese

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or Boni, and Matawai. The Maroons often raided plantations to recruit new members from the slaves and capture women, as well as to acquire weapons, food and supplies. They sometimes killed planters and their families in the raids. The colonists also mounted armed campaigns against the Maroons, who

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in 1640 completely transformed society and the economy. Barbados eventually had one of the world's largest sugar industries. The workable sugar plantation required a large investment and a great deal of heavy labour. At first, Dutch traders supplied the equipment, financing, and African slaves, in

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in the region. Eventually, tens of thousands of captives were being taken every year. The Indian Ocean slave trade was multi-directional and changed over time. To meet the demand for menial labour, Bantu slaves bought by east African slave traders from southeastern Africa were sold in cumulatively

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Indenture, also known as bonded labour or debt bondage, is a form of unfree labour in which a person works to pay off a debt by pledging himself or herself as collateral. The services required to repay the debt, and their duration, may be undefined. Debt bondage can be passed on from generation to

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In 2014, for the first time in history, major leaders of many religions, Buddhist, Hindu, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim met to sign a shared commitment against modern-day slavery; the declaration they signed calls for the elimination of slavery and human trafficking by 2020. The signatories were:

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Between 1626 and 1662, the Dutch exported on an average 150–400 slaves annually from the Arakan-Bengal coast. During the first 30 years of Batavia's existence, Indian and Arakanese slaves provided the main labour force of the Dutch East India Company, Asian headquarters. An increase in Coromandel

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were exile slaves to Turkestani Begs. While free Chinese merchants generally did not engage in relationships with East Turkestani women, some of the Chinese slaves belonging to begs, along with Green Standard soldiers, Bannermen, and Manchus, engaged in affairs with the East Turkestani women that

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Brazil was the last country in the Western world to abolish slavery. Forty percent of the total number of slaves brought to the Americas were sent to Brazil. For reference, the United States received 10 percent. Despite being abolished, there are still people working in slavery-like conditions in

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During the Atlantic slave trade era, Brazil imported more African slaves than any other country. Nearly 5 million slaves were brought from Africa to Brazil during the period from 1501 to 1866. Until the early 1850s, most African slaves who arrived on Brazilian shores were forced to embark at

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There are no records of how many men, women and children were enslaved, but it is possible to calculate roughly the number of fresh captives that would have been needed to keep populations steady and replace those slaves who died, escaped, were ransomed, or converted to Islam. On this basis it is

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Some historians assert that as many as 17 million people were sold into slavery on the coast of the Indian Ocean, the Middle East, and North Africa, and approximately 5 million African slaves were bought by Muslim slave traders and taken from Africa across the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and

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in the United States, to become prominent on large plantations where field hands toiled with factory-like precision. Then, each work gang was based on an internal division of labour that assigned every member of the gang to a task and made each worker's performance dependent on the actions of the

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system. They were well cared for but were legally slaves owned by the government and were not allowed to marry. They were never bought or sold. The empire gave them significant administrative and military roles. The system began about 1365; there were 135,000 janissaries in 1826, when the system

4424:. The nobi population could fluctuate up to about one-third of the total, but on average the nobi made up about 10% of the total population. In 1801, the majority of government nobi were emancipated, and by 1858, the nobi population stood at about 1.5 percent of the Korean population. During the 4009:

The treatment of slaves in the United States varied widely depending on conditions, times, and places. The power relationships of slavery corrupted many whites who had authority over slaves, with children showing their own cruelty. Masters and overseers resorted to physical punishments to impose

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Spain practically did not trade in slaves until 1810 after the rebellions and independence of its American territories or viceroyalties. After the Napoleonic invasions, Spain had lost its industry and its American territories, except in Cuba and Puerto Rico, where the African slave trade to Cuba

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stated that free labour was economically better than slave labour, and that it was nearly impossible to end slavery in a free, democratic, or republican form of government since many of its legislators or political figures were slave owners and would not punish themselves. He further stated that

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Several historians have made important contributions to the global understanding of the African side of the Atlantic slave trade. By arguing that African merchants determined the assemblage of trade goods accepted in exchange for slaves, many historians argue for African agency and ultimately a

5644:

Even though slavery is now outlawed in every country, the number of slaves today is estimated as between 12 million and 29.8 million. According to a broad definition of slavery, there were 27 million people in slavery in 1999, spread all over the world. In 2005, the International

4734:

outside of Italy. Generally, slaves in Italy were indigenous Italians. Foreigners (including both slaves and freedmen) born outside of Italy were estimated to have peaked at 5% of the total in the capital, where their number was largest. Those from outside of Europe were predominantly of Greek

16166:...apart from Jewish forced labourers – workers from Belarus, Ukraine and Russia had to endure the worst working and living conditions. Moreover, German occupation policies in the Soviet Union were far more brutal than in any other country, and German deportation practices the most inhuman. 3496:

Many whites who arrived in North America during the 17th and 18th centuries came under contract as indentured servants. The transformation from indentured servitude to slavery was a gradual process in Virginia. The earliest legal documentation of such a shift was in 1640 where a black man,

12327: 3645:

Many slaves escaped the plantations. With the help of the native South Americans living in the adjoining rain forests, these runaway slaves established a new and unique culture in the interior that was highly successful in its own right. They were known collectively in English as

5145:

converted the household slaves into house serfs. Russian agricultural slaves were formally converted into serfs earlier in 1679. Slavery in Poland was forbidden in the 15th century; in Lithuania, slavery was formally abolished in 1588; they were replaced by the second serfdom.

6463: 4810:, granting the kings of Spain and Portugal the right to reduce any "Saracens (Muslims), pagans and any other unbelievers" to perpetual slavery, legitimizing the slave trade as a result of war. The approval of slavery under these conditions was reaffirmed and extended in his 4480:, where they were enslaved to Portuguese or became slaves to other slaves. Some Korean slaves were bought by the Portuguese and brought back to Portugal from Japan, where they had been among the tens of thousands of Korean prisoners of war transported to Japan during the 5736:, thousands of Nepalese, the largest group of labourers, faced slavery in the form of denial of wages, confiscation of documents, and inability to leave the workplace. In 2016, the United Nations gave Qatar 12 months to end migrant worker slavery or face investigation. 2617:, "The great power of the clergy thus concurring with that of the king set the slaves at liberty. But it was absolutely necessary both that the authority of the king and of the clergy should be great. Where ever any one of these was wanting, slavery still continues..." 5940:

sectors. Taiwan is among a minority of places in the world that legally allows labor brokers to charge migrant workers for services which elsewhere are covered by employers as human resource costs. A few Taiwanese universities have reportedly tricked students from

6958:

Film has been the most influential medium in the presentation of the history of slavery to the general public around the world. The American film industry has had a complex relationship with slavery and until recent decades often avoided the topic. Films such as

6893:

apologized for Arab involvement in the slave trade, saying: "I regret the behavior of the Arabs... They brought African children to North Africa, they made them slaves, they sold them like animals, and they took them as slaves and traded them in a shameful way."

4037:(1835), expressed opposition to slavery while observing its effects on American society. He felt that a multiracial society without slavery was untenable, as he believed that prejudice against black people increased as they were granted more rights. Others, like 9023:

chattel-slavery, whereby the slave‐owner enjoyed complete mastery (dominium) over the slave's physical being was evident throughout the central era of Roman history, and in Roman no less than Greek thought was regarded as both the necessary antithesis of civic

13451:

Another target of his critique is the insistence that slaves (nobi) in Korea, especially in Choson dynasty, were closer to serfs (nongno) than true slaves (noye) in Europe and America, enjoying more freedom and independence than what a slave would normally be

7041:, how facts are stretched in search of broader truths, and suitability for the classroom. Berlin argues that critics complain if the treatment emphasizes historical brutality, or if it glosses over the harshness to highlight the emotional impact of slavery. 4100:, roughly 400,000 individuals, representing 8% of all U.S. families, owned nearly 4,000,000 slaves. One-third of Southern families owned slaves. The South was heavily invested in slavery. As such, upon Lincoln's election, seven states broke away to form the 3858:, had established rules on slave treatment and permissible freedoms. Saint-Domingue has been described as one of the most brutally efficient slave colonies; one-third of newly imported Africans died within a few years. Many slaves died from diseases such as 4454:

around World War II, some Koreans were used in forced labour by the Imperial Japanese, in conditions which have been compared to slavery. These included women forced into sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese Army before and during World War II, known as

16240:, p. vii: "Much has been written, and much is still to be written, about the Gulag. We all know of its status as an "archipelago" (in Solzhenitsyn's words) of penal slavery, inflicted on millions and held as a threat over the rest of the population." 8930: 5585:

Ottoman anti slavery laws where not enforced in the late 19th-century, particularly not in Hejaz; the first attempt to ban the Red Sea slave trade in 1857 resulted in a rebellion in the Hejaz Province, which resulted in Hejza exempted from the ban. The

3204:

began, many of the local slave systems began supplying captives for chattel slave markets outside Africa. Although the Atlantic slave trade was not the only slave trade from Africa, it was the largest in volume and intensity. As Elikia M'bokolo wrote in

2721:("Pleasure Brigades") are made up of women selected from the general population to serve as entertainers and as concubines to the rulers of North Korea. "Tribute labor" is compulsory labor for the state and has been used in various iterations such as 6851:

resolved to 'profoundly regret' and apologize for its role in the institution of slavery. Unique and the first of its kind in the U.S., the apology was unanimously passed in both Houses as Virginia approached the 400th anniversary of the founding of

6597:

France abolished slavery in 1794 during the Revolution, but it was restored in 1802 under Napoleon. It has been asserted that, before the Revolution, slavery was illegal in metropolitan France (as opposed to its colonies), but this has been refuted.

5728:

In Kuwait, there are more than 600,000 migrant domestic workers who are vulnerable to forced labor and legally tied to their employers, who often illegally take their passports. In 2019, online slave markets on apps such as Instagram were uncovered.

3109:

thought that around 8,500 new slaves were needed annually to replenish numbers – about 850,000 captives over the century from 1580 to 1680. By extension, for the 250 years between 1530 and 1780, the figure could easily have been as high as 1,250,000.

6694:'s reports of atrocities within the Arab slave trade in Africa stirred up the interest of the British public, reviving the flagging abolitionist movement. The Royal Navy throughout the 1870s attempted to suppress "this abominable Eastern trade", at 1576: 2357:

Forced labour, or unfree labour, is sometimes used to describe an individual who is forced to work against their own will, under threat of violence or other punishment. This may also include institutions not commonly classified as slavery, such as

4467:

slaves are believed to be the first of their nation to end up in Europe, and the Portuguese purchased numbers of Japanese slave girls to bring to Portugal for sexual purposes, as noted by the Church in 1555. Japanese slave women were even sold as

23079: 3140:, with as many as 50,000 African slaves passing through every year during the 19th century. Some historians estimate that between 11 and 18 million African slaves crossed the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Sahara Desert from 650 to 1900 AD. 2780:, protecting slaves from mistreatment simultaneously protected people who might be mistaken for slaves, and giving slaves limited property rights incentivized slaves to work harder to get more property. In the southern United States prior to 12335: 5657:(18.1 million), forced labour (7.6 million), and trafficked slaves (2.7 million). Kara provides a dynamic model to calculate the number of slaves in the world each year, with an estimated 29.2 million at the end of 2009. 3641:

The planters of the Dutch colony of Suriname relied heavily on African slaves to cultivate, harvest and process the commodity crops of coffee, cocoa, sugar cane and cotton plantations. The Netherlands abolished slavery in Suriname in 1863.

2571:

others. The slaves chopped out the weeds that surrounded the cotton plants as well as excess sprouts. Plow gangs followed behind, stirring the soil near the plants and tossing it back around the plants. Thus, the gang system worked like an

4539:

been estimated to be about 15–30% of the Atlantic slave trade, slightly smaller than the trans-Saharan slave trade, and one-and-a-half to three times the size of the Swahili and Red Sea coast and the Dutch West India Company slave trades.

24687: 21739: 3625:

or black codes, which created differential treatment between Africans and the white workers and ruling planter class. In response to these codes, several slave rebellions were attempted or planned during this time, but none succeeded.

4002:. Those states attempted to extend slavery into the new western territories to keep their share of political power in the nation. Such laws proposed to Congress to continue the spread of slavery into newly ratified states include the 1817:

Many historical cases of enslavement occurred as a result of breaking the law, becoming indebted, suffering a military defeat, or exploitation for cheaper labor; other forms of slavery were instituted along demographic lines such as

5953:

into forced labour at factories as payment for the university programs. Some charity groups in 2007 also insisted that foreign women—mostly from China and Southeast Asia—were being forced into prostitution, although local police in

4475:

and African crew members, along with their European counterparts serving on Portuguese ships trading in Japan, mentioned by Luis Cerqueira, a Portuguese Jesuit, in a 1598 document. Japanese slaves were brought by the Portuguese to

2772:, people who deliberately killed slaves were punishable under a 1686 statute. And, as already mentioned, certain legal rights attached to the nobi in Korea, to slaves in various African societies, and to black female slaves in the 4119:, which banned slavery and involuntary servitude "except as punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted," providing a legal basis for forced labor to continue in the country. This led to the system of 3217:

The African continent was bled of its human resources via all possible routes. Across the Sahara, through the Red Sea, from the Indian Ocean ports and across the Atlantic. At least ten centuries of slavery for the benefit of the

5291:

Stalin's Gulag was, in many ways, less a concentration camp than a forced labor camp and less a prison system than a system of slavery. The image of the slave appears often in Gulag memoir literature. As Varlam Shalamov wrote:

16178: 6557:

Many of the freed slaves became sharecroppers and indentured servants. In this manner, some became tied to the very parcel of land into which they had been born a slave having little freedom or economic opportunity because of

6562:

which perpetuated discrimination, limited education, promoted persecution without due process and resulted in continued poverty. Fear of reprisals such as unjust incarcerations and lynchings deterred upward mobility further.

3034:. The use of slave labour was extensive, especially in agriculture." The Anti-Slavery Society estimated there were 2 million slaves in Ethiopia in the early 1930s out of an estimated population of 8 to 16 million. 14018:

countryside.16 Slaves were everywhere in Lisbon, according to the Florentine merchant Filippo Sassetti, who was also living in the city during 1578. Black slaves were the most numerous, but there were also a scattering of

5294:"Hungry and exhausted, we leaned into a horse collar, raising blood blisters on our chests and pulling a stone-filled cart up the slanted mine floor. The collar was the same device used long ago by the ancient Egyptians." 5196:

Besides Jews, the harshest deportation and forced labour policies were applied to the populations of Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia. By the end of the war, half of Belarus' population had been killed or deported.

4446:

contributed to the decline in the number of nobi to about 1.5% of the total population by 1858. The hereditary nobi system was officially abolished around 1886–87, and the rest of the nobi system was abolished with the

17069: 11825: 6683:, which campaigned to outlaw slavery in other countries. There were celebrations in 2007 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the abolition of the slave trade in the United Kingdom through the work of the British 8919: 18045: 13634: 9547: 6439: 17314:"China: 83 major brands implicated in report on forced labour of ethnic minorities from Xinjiang assigned to factories across provinces; Includes company responses – Business & Human Rights Resource Centre" 6799:

was performed with a high degree of involvement of several African societies. The black slave market was supplied by well-established slave trade networks controlled by local African societies and individuals.

6318: 4163:, protesting for better pay, better conditions, and for the end of forced labor. Strike leaders were punished with indefinite solitary confinement. Forced prison labor occurs in both government-run prisons and 9142:

Wealth rested heavily on the possession of slaves across the large empires of West Africa as well as in Benin and other kingdoms Slave owners in sub-Saharan Africa also employed their chattel in a variety of

2216:

continued to traffic slaves from the African continent to the Middle East. During the 20th century, the issue of chattel slavery was addressed and investigated globally by international bodies created by the

14397:

footnote 2: (...) While it is likely that the institution of slavery existed in India during the Vedic period, the association of the Vedic 'Dasa' with 'slaves' is problematic and likely to have been a later

6795:. Apologies on behalf of African nations, for their role in trading their countrymen into slavery, remain an open issue since slavery was practiced in Africa even before the first Europeans arrived and the 6517:

In the United States, all of the northern states had abolished slavery by 1804, with New Jersey being the last to act. Abolitionist pressure produced a series of small steps towards emancipation. After the

6429: 4175:

constitute half the market share of private prisons, and they made a combined revenue of $ 3.5 billion in 2015. The value of all labor by inmates in the United States is estimated to be in the billions. In

6384: 2442:

or early marriages are often considered types of slavery. Forced marriage continues to be practiced in parts of the world including some parts of Asia and Africa and in immigrant communities in the West.

3731:

Later, Portuguese colonists were heavily dependent on indigenous labour during the initial phases of settlement to maintain the subsistence economy, and natives were often captured by expeditions called

16215:

or Central Administration of Camps. Over time, it has also indicated not only the administration of concentration camps, but also the very system of Soviet slave labor, in all its forms and varieties";

3901:

fathers frequently sent their mixed-race sons to France for their education. Some men of color were admitted into the military. More of the free people of color lived in the south of the island, near

2547:

first slavery and then serfdom gradually decreased in Europe as the population grew. They were reintroduced in the Americas and in Russia as large areas of land with few inhabitants became available.

4258:), Murder against slaves was as taboo as murder against free people, and perpetrators were always severely punished. Han dynasty can be said to be very distinctive compared to other countries of the 2741:

regimes such as the Nazis and the Soviet Union placed increasing importance on the labor provided in those camps, leading to a growing tendency among historians to designate such systems as slavery.

1571: 16126: 11786: 7034:

takes place on the imaginary Portuguese island of Queimada (where the locals speak Spanish) and it merges historical events that took place in Brazil, Cuba, Santo Domingo, Jamaica, and elsewhere.

6912:

matter in almost every country. This is often decried as a serious problem, since former slaves' relatives lack of money means they often have limited access to a potentially expensive and futile

6416: 9973:...vulgar are the means of livelihood of all hired workmen whom we pay for mere manual labour, not for artistic skill; for in their case the very wage they receive is a pledge of their slavery. 6867:

of enslaved African men, women and children. To justify this murder and torture black people had to be declared inferior or not human... We live with the consequences today." City officials in

2030:

sclāvus) in the meaning 'prisoner of war slave', 'slave' in the 8th/9th century, because they often became captured and enslaved. However this version has been disputed since the 19th century.

6609:

was widely taken to have held that slavery was illegal in England. This judgement also laid down the principle that slavery contracted in other jurisdictions could not be enforced in England.

6327: 17766: 17431: 6420: 6317: 6313: 3998:, effective 1808, although smuggling (illegal importing) was not unusual. Domestic slave trading, however, continued at a rapid pace, driven by labour demands from the development of cotton 3897:

descendants of white male colonists and black female slaves (and later, mixed-race women). Over time, many were released from slavery. They established a separate social class. White French

6821:, minister of environment and housing for Benin, later said: "The slave trade is a shame, and we do repent for it." Researchers estimate that 3 million slaves were exported out of the 6490:, which ruled China from 221 to 206 BC, abolished slavery and discouraged serfdom. However, many of its laws were overturned when the dynasty was overthrown. Slavery was again abolished by 6423: 2640: 6309: 5258:

Prisoners in these camps were worked to death by a combination of extreme production quotas, physical and psychological brutality, hunger, lack of medical care, and the harsh environment.

24661: 19958: 17362: 9120:

Chattel-slaves were needed, especially from the ninth to thirteenth centuries, in the gold and emerald (carbuncle) mines of the Wadi Allaqi in the deserts east of the Nile's 2nd Cataract

6390: 6038: 5924:, forced labour, and abuses are all widespread. Most international human rights organizations consider North Korea to have no contemporary parallel with respect to violations of liberty. 6394: 6360: 5272:. Fatality rate was as high as 80% during the first months in many camps. Hundreds of thousands of people, possibly millions, died as a direct result of forced labour under the Soviets. 5752:. The foundation defines contemporary slavery as "situations of exploitation that a person cannot refuse or leave because of threats, violence, coercion, abuse of power, or deception." 3099:, the capital of Algeria, captured Christians and Europeans were forced into slavery. In about 1650, there were as many as 35,000 Christian slaves in Algiers. By one estimate, raids by 31171: 22243: 10360: 4420:

class, and some possessed property rights, and legal and civil rights. Hence, some scholars argue that it is inappropriate to call them "slaves", while some scholars describe them as

1798:, especially in regards to their labour. Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location of work and residence dictated by the party that holds them in bondage. 3979:, the status of slave had been institutionalized as a racial caste associated with African ancestry. The United States became polarized over the issue of slavery, represented by the 19114: 12868: 9476: 17853: 11020: 3012:

Sahara Desert between 1500 and 1900. The captives were sold throughout the Middle East. This trade accelerated as superior ships led to more trade and greater demand for labour on

19088: 6320: 2820:

populations because it requires economic surpluses and a substantial population density. Thus, although it has existed among unusually resource-rich hunter gatherers, such as the

2178:, Subsaharan Africa, Brazil, the United States and parts of the Caribbean such as Cuba and Haiti. The Iroquois enslaved others in ways that “looked very like chattel slavery." 2166:) owned by the enslaver; like livestock, they can be bought and sold at will. Chattel slavery was historically the normal form of slavery and was practiced in places such as the 6840:

and is still being pursued by entities across the world. For example, the Jamaican Reparations Movement approved its declaration and action plan. In 2007, British Prime Minister

3041:, Bantu peoples that lived along the East African coast. The Zanj were for centuries shipped as slaves by Arab traders to all the countries bordering the Indian Ocean during the 12898:

Ober, Josiah; Scheidel, Walter; Shaw, Brent D.; Sanclemente, Donna (April 18, 2007). "Toward Open Access in Ancient Studies: The Princeton-Stanford Working Papers in Classics".

9037: 8534: 8305: 3556:

began on a massive scale from 1810 onwards. It was started by French planters exiled from the French lost colony Saint Domingue (Haiti) who settled in the eastern part of Cuba.

15563: 2788:, a right to trial by jury in graver cases, and the right to grand jury indictment, but they lacked many other rights such as white adults' ability to control their own lives. 32225: 23071: 17077: 6908:

There have been movements to achieve reparations for those formerly held as slaves or for their descendants. Claims for reparations for being held in slavery are handled as a

4352:(Tungans) Sufis who were charged with practicing xiejiao (heterodox religion), were punished by exile to Xinjiang and being sold as a slave to other Muslims, such as the Sufi 2599:

slaves would be better able to gain their freedom under centralized government, or a central authority like a king or church. Similar arguments appeared later in the works of

17793: 11835: 9587: 6635:

led the anti-slavery movement in the United Kingdom, although the groundwork was an anti-slavery essay by Clarkson. Wilberforce was urged by his close friend, Prime Minister

6432: 3045:. The Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs recruited many Zanj slaves as soldiers and, as early as 696, there were slave revolts of the Zanj against their Arab enslavers during their 16273:, p. 295: "This is the fact that the forced labor system of the Gulag is an example of slavery in the absence of well-defined and enforced property rights in slaves."; 6326: 2101:

perpetuates the crime of slavery in language by reducing its victims to a nonhuman noun instead of "carry them forward as people, not the property that they were" (see also

17560: 11895:

All Mankind Is One: A Study of the Disputation Between Bartolomé de Las Casas and Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda on the Religious and Intellectual Capacity of the American Indians

6322: 5189:(sub-humans) as a permanent slave-class of inferior beings who could be worked until they died, and who possessed neither the rights nor the legal status of members of the 4041:

argued that slavery was a "positive good" stating: "Such a class you must have, or you would not have that other class which leads progress, civilization, and refinement."

19063: 14446:

Sources such as the Arthasastra, the Manusmriti and the Mahabharata demonstrate that institutionalized slavery was well established in India by beginning of the common era

9464:

Persians never practiced mass slavery, and in many cases the situations and lives of semi-slaves (prisoners of war) were in fact better than the common citizens of Persia.

6375: 18053: 10912: 6366: 6339: 6311: 3080:

boomed and the Arabs became richer, agriculture and other manual labour work was thought to be demeaning. The resulting labour shortage led to an increased slave market.

2748:

where the Spanish Crown granted private individuals the right to the free labour of a specified number of natives in a given area. In the "Red Rubber System" of both the

9543: 6454:

Slavery has existed, in one form or another, throughout recorded human history – as have, in various periods, movements to free large or distinct groups of slaves.

6357: 3485:. The first African slaves arrived in Hispaniola in 1501. This era saw a growth in race-based slavery. England played a prominent role in the Atlantic slave trade. The " 3238:

The trans-Atlantic slave trade peaked in the late 18th century, when the largest number of slaves were captured on raiding expeditions into the interior of West Africa.

13664: 8561: 6882:

passed a resolution apologizing to African-Americans for the "fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality, and inhumanity of slavery". The news was welcomed by President

6406: 6404: 6314: 13642: 6397: 6347: 1697: 6410: 6355: 5410:

has been difficult to differentiate by word usage alone. The three apparent types of enslavement in Ancient Egypt: chattel slavery, bonded labour, and forced labour.

4104:. The first six states to secede held the greatest number of slaves in the South. Shortly after, over the issue of slavery, the United States erupted into an all-out 3738:. The importation of African slaves began midway through the 16th century, but the enslavement of indigenous peoples continued well into the 17th and 18th centuries. 2840:

about 11,000 years ago. Slavery was practiced in almost every ancient civilization. Such institutions included debt bondage, punishment for crime, the enslavement of

2293:

generation, with children required to pay off their progenitors' debt. It is the most widespread form of slavery today. Debt bondage is most prevalent in South Asia.

2257:. Legal chattel slavery was finally abolished in the Arabian Peninsula in the 1960s: Saudi Arabia and Yemen in 1962, in Dubai in 1963, and Oman as the last in 1970. 17659: 6310: 25150: 23047: 14561:, Rijks Geschiedkundige Publication, Kleine serie 43 (The Hague, 1976); R. Barendse, "Slaving on the Malagasy Coast, 1640–1700," in S. Evers and M. Spindler, eds, 6235: 6031: 4710:

By the late Republican era, slavery had become an economic pillar of Roman wealth, as well as Roman society. It is estimated that 25% or more of the population of

3925: 3290: 6526:, nor involvement in the international slave trade externally. Legal slavery persisted outside the northern states; most of those slaves already in the U.S. were 6400: 6324: 6312: 18165: 12548: 6315: 3905:, and many intermarried within their community. They frequently worked as artisans and tradesmen, and began to own some property. Some became slave holders. The 3508:

After 1640, planters started to ignore the expiration of indentured contracts and keep their servants as slaves for life. This was demonstrated by the 1655 case

16196:

of the population of Soviet Belarus was either killed or forcibly displaced during World War II: nothing of the kind can be said of any other European country.'

10284: 8794: 32073: 27926: 24206: 18015: 6624: 6551: 5932:

Taiwan's migrant worker population—estimated in 2018 to be up to 660,000 in number—have reportedly faced slavery-like conditions involving sexual abuse in the

4112: 2781: 1561: 1092: 19028: 6431: 6328: 5068:, opened in 1444. In 1441, the first slaves were brought to Portugal from northern Mauritania. By 1552, black African slaves made up 10% of the population of 29182: 23159: 10338:

The encomienda in its early heyday granted a lifetime monopoly on the utilization of temporary Indian labor in a given area to one Spaniard, the encomendero.

4273:, Due to years of poor harvests, the influx of foreign tribes, and the resulting wars, The number of slaves exploded. They became a class and were called " 22258: 18564: 9620: 6573:, His autobiography, published in 1789, helped in the creation of the Slave Trade Act 1807 which ended the African slave trade for Britain and its colonies. 6396: 6378: 6356: 6321: 26251: 17153: 16133: 16000: 11288: 9304: 8300: 6308: 6290: 4868:

merchants were all involved in the slave trade during the Early Middle Ages. The trade in European slaves reached a peak in the 10th century following the

4433:

among prominent thinkers in Korea about the nobi system. Even within the Joseon government, there were indications of a shift in attitude toward the nobi.

4127:, an American criminal justice think tank, cites the 2020 US prison population as 2.3 million, and nearly all able-bodied inmates work in some fashion. In 3968: 2756:, labour was demanded as taxation; private companies were conceded areas within which they were allowed to use any measures to increase rubber production. 1446: 818: 555: 6351: 5786:

and used for forced labour in at least twenty-seven corporate factories. According to the Business and Human Rights resource center, corporations such as

4939:, announcing that a stolen slave had been found, who would be sold to pay expenses, unless claimed within two weeks). For nearly two hundred years in the 4390:

country, but by the 16th century, population growth was making unnecessary". Slavery went into decline around the 10th century but came back in the late

2097:" or "enslaved person", rather than "slave", should be used when describing the victims of slavery. According to those proposing a change in terminology, 24414: 20558:

Encounters on the Opposite Coast: Cross-Cultural Contacts between the Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century

19692: 12328:"Vergonha Ainda Maior: Novas informações disponíveis em um enorme banco de dados mostram que a escravidão no Brasil foi muito pior do que se sabia antes" 6427: 6415: 6407: 6024: 5180: 5170: 4917:, by 1200 slavery in the British Isles was non-existent. Slavery had never been authorized by statute within England and Wales, and in 1772, in the case 3368:

and their descendants were slaves. Some nations in British Columbia continued to segregate and ostracize the descendants of slaves as late as the 1970s.

2889:

In European courtly society, and European aristocracy, black African slaves and their children became visible in the late 1300s and 1400s. Starting with

1182: 823: 19736: 17771: 15676: 14710:

Lauffer, Siegfried (August 1, 1957). Berneker, Erich (ed.). "Die Bergwerkssklaven von Laureion, I. Teil" [The Mine Slaves of Laureion, Part I].

8826: 26516: 23615: 6398: 6068: 3959:, that existed in the United States of America in the 18th and 19th centuries, after it gained independence from the British and before the end of the 3352:, that lived along the Pacific coast from Alaska to California, on what is sometimes described as the Pacific or Northern Northwest Coast. Some of the 2268:. The 1981 ban on slavery was not enforced in practice, as there were no legal mechanisms to prosecute those who used slaves, these only came in 2007. 4948:

Court granting their freedom. Few could afford this, until a further law in 1799 established their freedom and made this slavery and bondage illegal.

4683:

expanded outward, entire populations were enslaved, across Europe and the Mediterranean. Slaves were used for labour, as well as for amusement (e.g.,

26403: 25545: 24928: 6430: 6319: 4233:, slaves were sometimes discriminated against but their legal status was guaranteed. As can be seen from the some historical records as “Duansheng, 3353: 22012: 17022: 15356: 12166: 3477:; his observation of that massacre led him to fight for a social movement away from the use of natives as slaves. Also, the alarming decline in the 24365: 16771: 16637: 5060:

was the first slave market created in Portugal (one of the earliest colonizers of the Americas) for the sale of imported African slaves – the

3030:, "It is estimated that by the 1890s the largest slave population of the world, about 2 million people, was concentrated in the territories of the 2085:) with the meaning "to strip the enemy (killed in a battle)" or "to make booty / extract spoils of war". This version has been criticized as well. 515: 15910: 6514:, who was "the first to expose the oppression of indigenous peoples by Europeans in the Americas and to call for the abolition of slavery there." 6419: 6371: 2381:

and is the fastest growing form of forced labour, with Thailand, Cambodia, India, Brazil and Mexico having been identified as leading hotspots of

23569: 18955: 15972: 8745:] (in Russian). Vol. 23. Дневник писателя за 1876 год. Май-октябрь. Leningrad: Наука. Ленингр. отд-ние. pp. 63, 382. Archived from 8585: 6362: 6359: 17435: 17374: 6931:

in which reparations were estimated, for harms both during and after the period of transatlantic chattel slavery, at over 100 trillion dollars.

6428: 6345: 4044:

The Southern state governments wanted to keep a balance between the number of slave and free states to maintain a political balance of power in

2447:

occurs in many places in the world today, with a 2003 study finding a national average of 69% of marriages in Ethiopia being through abduction.

24286: 19245: 17687: 16941: 16825: 12330:[Even Greater Shame: New information available from a huge database shows that slavery in Brazil was far worse than previously known]. 8260: 6994:

in the 1950s made defiant slaves into heroes. The question of slavery in American memory necessarily involves its depictions in feature films.

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One of the most significant milestones in the campaign to abolish slavery throughout the world occurred in England in 1772, with British Judge

6329: 3746:(in present-day Angola). Today, with the exception of Nigeria, the country with the largest population of people of African descent is Brazil. 2483:

was a pseudoscientific psychiatric diagnosis for a slave who desired freedom; "symptoms" included laziness and the tendency to flee captivity.

870: 19968: 16922: 8983: 6363: 6323: 5725:, Syria, and Zimbabwe were at the lowest level. The list also included Algeria, Libya, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait among a total of 21 countries. 4375:, women from outcast or slave families who were trained to provide entertainment, conversation, and sexual services to men of the upper class. 4060:, and Mexico were the subject of major political compromises. By 1850, the newly rich cotton-growing South was threatening to secede from the 22051: 18664: 14559:

De Nederlanders in Kerala, 1663–1701: De Memories en Instructies Betreffende het Commandement Malabar van de Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie

12736: 10350: 8866: 8760: 6337: 5107:. About 2 million mostly Christian slaves were exported over the 16th and 17th centuries until the Crimean Khanate was destroyed by the 4386:

period, in the first century BCE. Slavery has been described as "very important in medieval Korea, probably more important than in any other

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who committed crimes such as those dealing with opium became slaves to the begs, this practice was administered by Qing law. Most Chinese in

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after the 16th century. The Dutch, too, largely dealt in Abyssian slaves, known in India as Habshis or Sheedes. Arakan/Bengal, Malabar, and

3421:

The countries that controlled most of the transatlantic slave market in terms of number of slaves shipped were the UK, Portugal and France.

26203: 24933: 18075: 8501: 6316: 6103: 6011: 3629: 3559:

In 1789, the Spanish Crown led an effort to reform slavery, as the demand for slave labour in Cuba was growing. The Crown issued a decree,

1566: 1416: 22197: 21604: 18832: 12876: 6381: 3269:, with mortality rates considerably higher in Africa itself in the process of capturing and transporting indigenous peoples to the ships. 32633: 32205: 29910: 29785: 26186: 24903: 24507: 24044: 9723: 6421: 6352: 5499:, about one-fifth of the population consisted of slaves. The city was a major centre of the slave trade in the 15th and later centuries. 4520: 4292:

of slaves slowed down again, the penalties for crimes against them became harsh again. For example, the famous contemporary female poet

897: 20424:

Japanese Travellers in Sixteenth-century Europe: A Dialogue Concerning the Mission of the Japanese Ambassadors to the Roman Curia (1590)

18978: 9359: 8830: 6376: 6374: 6336: 4546:(who sat on the Viceroy's Council), there were an estimated 8 or 9 million slaves in India in 1841. About 15% of the population of 3364:, were traditionally known as fierce warriors and slave-traders, raiding as far as California. Slavery was hereditary, the slaves being 32247: 30142: 29795: 27764: 27742: 24191: 22191: 17048: 16855: 13902:. Edwin O. Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies. Harvard University, Edwin O. Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies. p. 18. 6377: 5546:

had supplied slaves to the Middle East for thousands of years from antiquity until the 1870s. A slave market for captured Russian and

5080: 3157:, London, 1920) believes that for every slave the Arabs brought to the coast at least six died on the way or during the slavers' raid. 2382: 1643: 395: 18348: 18134: 17176: 12714: 11923: 9045: 8538: 6349: 6334: 5406:

to refer to different classes of servitude over the course of history. Interpretation of the textual evidence of classes of slaves in

32326: 32108: 31383: 30838: 30053: 28668: 26863: 26373: 23583: 22341: 20701: 17935: 10101: 6615:

was a late 18th-century British group that campaigned to end slavery. Its members were Africans in London, freed slaves who included

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asked him to ensure that the slave trade in Morocco would at least be handled discreet and away from the eyes of foreign wittnesses.

4481: 3443: 845: 15567: 11024: 9480: 6395: 3410:

Slavery in America remains a contentious issue and played a major role in the history and evolution of some countries, triggering a

2776:. Giving slaves legal rights has sometimes been a matter of morality, but also sometimes a matter of self-interest. For example, in 31283: 30647: 28951: 28512: 28074: 27189: 26535:

What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights

26089: 24126: 24014: 23757: 23564: 23338: 18805: 9594: 6426: 6280: 6193: 5025:

were the scene of almost constant Muslim invasion of the predominantly Christian area. Periodic raiding expeditions were sent from

4944: 4714:

was enslaved, although the actual percentage is debated by scholars and varied from region to region. Slaves represented 15–25% of

4093: 2230: 1616: 1436: 609: 19484: 16327: 16055: 12784: 10598: 10269: 8403: 32397: 31497: 31410: 31368: 29902: 29840: 28693: 26768: 26109: 25707: 23658: 15003: 7037:

Historians agree that films have largely shaped historical memories, but they debate issues of accuracy, plausibility, moralism,

6343: 3242: 1774: 17568: 16220:, p. 112: "From the perspective of the Kremlin, Magadan existed as the center of a domestic colony based on slave labor."; 13377:"Korean Nobi in American Mirror: Yi Dynasty Coerced Labor in Comparison to the Slavery in the Antebellum Southern United States" 6523: 3017:

large numbers over the centuries to customers in Egypt, Arabia, the Persian Gulf, India, European colonies in the Far East, the

33304: 32522: 30853: 29882: 29213: 28859: 28564: 28010: 27333: 27328: 27323: 27318: 27313: 27303: 26569: 26509: 26445: 25646: 24370: 24136: 23964: 23949: 23944: 23790: 23501: 23322: 23242: 17813:

then they are lured by the illegal brokers to find work. Some of them end up in brothels and become victims of sex trafficking.

7538: 6875: 5346: 4344:; Chinese transliteration: 包衣阿哈), which is a Manchu word literally translated as "household person" and sometimes rendered as " 2197: 880: 298: 17509: 17204: 12812: 9674: 4921:, Lord Mansfield declared that it was also unsupported within England by the common law. The slave trade was abolished by the 30952: 30343: 29877: 25674: 24265: 24196: 23929: 23274: 23103: 22147: 22121: 22100: 22064: 22025: 22001: 21976: 21951: 21926: 21898: 21873: 21832: 21782: 21753: 21728: 21686: 21661: 21634: 21556: 21532: 21508: 21483: 21462: 21441: 21416: 21388: 21124: 21103: 21072: 21044: 21016: 20991: 20966: 20941: 20912: 20888: 20863: 20838: 20817: 20792: 20767: 20742: 20714: 20670: 20631: 20570: 20545: 20488: 20435: 20405: 20377: 20349: 20321: 20283: 20258: 20227: 20168: 20082: 20057: 20034: 19993: 19947: 19865: 19839: 19816: 19779: 19750: 19721: 19681: 19583: 19555: 19533: 19294: 19228: 19177: 18548: 18385: 18293: 18237: 18209: 17900: 17016: 16905: 16748: 16667: 16448: 16039: 15886: 15855: 15817: 15779: 15748: 15705: 15637: 15521: 15399: 15265: 15223: 15185: 15147: 15045: 15015: 14946: 14921: 14888: 14794: 14680: 14649: 14382: 14350: 14319: 14287: 14249: 14144: 14117: 14072: 14040: 14004: 13966: 13928: 13872: 13828: 13783: 13738: 13707: 13672: 13617: 13583: 13549: 13479: 13437: 13359: 13263: 13225: 13195: 13151: 13070: 13039: 13008: 12852: 12762: 12697: 12667: 12636: 12587: 12531: 12469: 12405: 12266: 12233: 12205: 12093: 12065: 11798: 11703: 11650: 11619: 11395: 11156: 11136: 11102: 11075: 10991: 10896: 10853: 10826: 10772: 10645: 10536: 10455: 10253: 10200: 10162: 9791: 9423: 9221: 9009: 8959: 8880: 8846: 8571: 8452: 8341: 7439: 6718: 6710: 6602: 6519: 6083: 5908:

North Korea's human rights record is often considered to be the worst in the world and has been globally condemned, with the

5775: 5029:

to ravage the Iberian Christian kingdoms, bringing back booty and slaves. In a raid against Lisbon in 1189, for example, the

3995: 3345: 2821: 1458: 1135: 907: 21702:

American Negro Slavery: A Survey of the Supply, Employment and Control of Negro Labor as Determined by the Plantation Régime

19073: 16723:

Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Storbritannien: AltaMira Press. p. 17

13376: 12057:

The Old Dominion in the Seventeenth Century: A Documentary History of Virginia, 1606–1700: Easyread Super Large 18pt Edition

4492:

feared rampant slavery was having a negative effect on Catholic proselytization, so he commanded that it be banned in 1571.

3434:

In order to establish itself as an American empire, Spain had to fight against the relatively powerful civilizations of the

32667: 32536: 29887: 28569: 27457: 26939: 26737: 24709: 24019: 23841: 23119: 18490:

Chatman, Samuel L. (2000). "'There are no Slaves in France': A Re-Examination of Slave Laws in Eighteenth Century France".

18412:

Dwyer, Philip (2008). "Remembering and Forgetting in Contemporary France: Napoleon, Slavery, and the French History Wars".

16709:

Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Storbritannien: AltaMira Press. p.16

10944: 10788: 9657: 9494: 8901: 6503: 6417: 6372: 4164: 3552:; some escaped, but most died from European diseases and overwork. The Spaniards also introduced the first African slaves. 1650: 1611: 1254: 30622: 17651: 17590: 14753: 12357: 10405: 9985:

North, Douglass C.; Thomas, Robert Paul (December 1971). "The Rise and Fall of the Manorial System: A Theoretical Model".

9228:

the Iroquois confederacy, people who practiced a form of captive taking that in some ways looked very like chattel slavery

6350: 6346: 2784:, a proslavery legal treatise reported that slaves accused of crimes typically had a legal right to counsel, freedom from 32621: 32036: 31318: 30539: 30360: 29920: 26896: 26848: 26619: 25858: 25355: 25025: 24938: 24829: 24497: 24317: 23954: 23939: 22927: 17283: 11109:

According to Robert Davis, from the 16th to 19th century, pirates captured 1 million to 1.25 million Europeans as slaves.

6169: 6161: 6153: 6145: 5992:(in which case the practice is called sex trafficking), victims also include men, women and children who are forced into 3294: 3193: 3018: 2866:

region, between 1300 and 1900, close to one-third of the population was enslaved. In early Islamic states of the western

1692: 1329: 989: 840: 636: 545: 34841: 22479: 9520: 6425: 5262:, who survived eight years of Gulag incarceration, provided firsthand testimony about the camps with the publication of 4143:, prisoners are not paid at all for their work. In other states, prisoners are paid between $ 0.12 and $ 1.15 per hour. 32601: 32480: 30544: 30068: 30048: 30027: 24923: 24397: 23458: 23330: 22561: 21720: 21625: 18590: 18172: 17925: 17798: 12422: 12197: 11898: 10922: 9240: 6405: 6341: 5084: 4997: 4311:. According to Japanese historians Sugiyama Masaaki (杉山正明) and Funada Yoshiyuki (舩田善之), Mongolian slaves were owned by 3600:

In the early 17th century, the majority of the labour in Barbados was provided by European indentured servants, mainly

3478: 3315: 1712: 1406: 1160: 17629: 12558: 8733: 8471: 6391: 6389: 6340: 4450:

of 1894. However, slavery did not completely disappear in Korea until 1930, during Imperial Japanese rule. During the

2494:

to the condition of some or all human-owned animals, arguing that their status is comparable to that of human slaves.

2370:. As slavery has been legally outlawed in all countries, forced labour in the present day (frequently referred to as " 32571: 32422: 32147: 31965: 31913: 31464: 30927: 30637: 30321: 30032: 29915: 29758: 28806: 27981: 27769: 27737: 26502: 26290: 26273: 25735: 24571: 24402: 23893: 23871: 23559: 23519: 19608: 18780: 16829: 16287: 15333: 14964: 14530:

26, no. 1 (1936):; D.G.E. Hall, "The Daghregister of Batavia and Dutch Trade with Burma in the Seventeenth Century,"

11950: 11906: 9394: 9189: 9164: 9076: 8810: 8374: 8194: 6412: 5710: 5183:, both those considered undesirable and citizens of conquered countries, with the avowed intention of treating these 4989: 3999: 2417:

than any other category of child labour, often sent to cities by parents living in rural poverty as with the Haitian

2413:

estimated that 200,000 to 300,000 children served as soldiers in then-current conflicts. More girls under 16 work as

1534: 1411: 835: 604: 471: 18023: 17331:

Quackenbush, Casey (December 1, 2017). "The Libyan Slave Trade Has Shocked the World. Here's What You Should Know".

16415:... the shepherd of the oppressed and of the slaves ... If any one buy from the son or the slave of another man 11967:

Galenson, David W. (March 1984). "The Rise and Fall of Indentured Servitude in the Americas: An Economic Analysis".

11236:

Baepler, B. (January 1999). "White Slaves, African Masters: An Anthology of American Barbary Captivity Narratives".

11021:"Revisiting the Zanj and Re-Visioning Revolt: Complexities of the Zanj Conflict – 868–883 AD – slave revolt in Iraq" 10945:""Freedom is a good thing but it means a dearth of slaves": Twentieth Century Solutions to the Abolition of Slavery" 10302: 6387: 6382: 6344: 4323:

of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands, or Africans, or both) were also purchased as slaves in the Tang dynasty.

3061:

situated in present-day Iraq, is believed to have involved enslaved Zanj that had originally been captured from the

32131: 31288: 30472: 30193: 30166: 29780: 28791: 26483: 26239: 26208: 26104: 25308: 25145: 25045: 24502: 24392: 23607: 23378: 21408: 21317: 21170:

Burczak, Theodore (June 2001). "Ellerman's Labor Theory of Property and the Injustice of Capitalist Exploitation".

19036: 16406: 15110: 9333: 8673: 6886:, the nation's first president of African descent. Some of President Obama's ancestors may have been slave owners. 6367: 6330: 6088: 5587: 5354: 5350: 4971:

brought large numbers of slaves into the Islamic world. To staff its bureaucracy, the Ottoman Empire established a

4783:

repeatedly prohibited it, or at least the export of Christian slaves to non-Christian lands, as for example at the

4463: 4049: 3486: 3058: 3046: 2890: 2812:

Corinthian black-figure terra-cotta votive tablet of slaves working in a mine, dated to the late seventh century BC

2760:

was common in the Southern United States where the state would lease prisoners for their free labour to companies.

1665: 875: 860: 806: 491: 481: 476: 305: 161: 16976: 14546:

Jan Company in Coromandel, 1605–1690: A Study on the Interrelations of European Commerce and Traditional Economies

11038: 6522:

went into effect on January 1, 1808, the importation of slaves into the United States was prohibited, but not the

6424: 6409: 6388: 6373: 6369: 6342: 6331: 5598:

still provided enslaved people from Africa to the Arabian Peninsula after World War II. As recently as the 1960s,

1381: 34581: 32585: 32578: 32310: 31922: 28801: 27881: 26191: 24898: 24409: 24166: 23969: 23549: 23111: 21092: 20507: 20200: 17149: 17100: 16610: 15601: 11969: 10032: 9987: 7349: 6940: 6725:

No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

6706: 6414: 6399: 6214: 6108: 5779: 5358: 4756: 4270: 4147:

paid inmates an average of $ 0.90 per hour in 2017. Inmates who refuse to work may be indefinitely remanded into

3026: 2497:

The labour market, as institutionalized under contemporary capitalist systems, has been criticized by mainstream

2226: 1660: 1431: 237: 17: 16011: 15942:"Slaves, Money Lenders, and Prisoner Guards:The Jews and the Trade in Slaves and Captivesin the Crimean Khanate" 11298: 9628: 6433: 6402: 6401: 6392: 6368: 6361: 6332: 2768:

Depending upon the era and the country, slaves sometimes had a limited set of legal rights. For example, in the

2703:

were women from low castes in pre modern Korea, who were owned by the state under government officials known as

2459:

is often used as a pejorative to describe any activity in which one is coerced into performing. Some argue that

33804: 33500: 32501: 30135: 29770: 28811: 28574: 27946: 27898: 27164: 27112: 26901: 26798: 26554: 26363: 26220: 24029: 23591: 21993: 21968: 19575: 18300:

1804: With passage of the law excerpted here, New Jersey became the last state in the North to abolish slavery.

17854:"Greenpeace Condemns Biden Administration's Top Tier Ranking of Taiwan in latest Trafficking in Persons Report" 17734: 14973: 13958: 13255: 13217: 13143: 11790: 11642: 11293: 8763:(1970). "Zur Etymologie des Wortes 'Slavus' (Sklave)" [On the etymology of the word 'Slavus' (slave)]. 6538:, a series of political and armed disputes in 1854–1858 as to whether Kansas would join the United States as a 6385: 6380: 6338: 6325: 6177: 5615: 3149:, an eye-witness, believed that for every slave who arrived at a market three or four died on the way ... 1130: 1118: 698: 510: 156: 24171: 19702: 19089:"Watch Gaddafi apologize on behalf of Arabs for their cruel treatment of Africans during the Arab slave trade" 18865: 15680: 11574: 11263: 6765:, the Anti-Slavery Society, and the Norwegian Anti-Slavery Society continue to campaign to eliminate slavery. 6403: 6386: 6383: 6354: 6348: 2964:, sometimes known as the east African slave trade, was multi-directional. Africans were sent as slaves to the 35374: 35163: 32045: 31029: 30992: 30892: 30823: 30809: 30553: 30487: 30063: 29835: 29830: 29314: 28662: 28554: 27966: 27514: 25577: 25293: 24009: 23439: 23266: 23171: 23055: 22922: 22757: 22334: 20958: 20933: 19141: 18729: 17761: 11670: 11124:

Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, The Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500–1800

9840: 8326:

Allain, Jean (2012). "The Legal Definition of Slavery into the Twenty-First Century". In Allain, Jean (ed.).

6928: 6443: 6379: 6185: 5394:), for example, prescribed death for anyone who helped a slave escape or who sheltered a fugitive. The Bible 5362: 5042: 4769: 4101: 4011: 3424: 3115: 2297:

refers to a marriage where a girl, usually, is married off to a man to settle debts owed by her parents. The

2250: 1847: 1702: 1485: 346: 38: 17257: 6411: 6370: 6335: 5649:

has also provided an estimate of 28.4 million slaves at the end of 2006 divided into three categories:

3076:

The Zanj who were taken as slaves to the Middle East were often used in strenuous agricultural work. As the

2550:

Slavery is more common when the tasks are relatively simple and thus easy to supervise, such as large-scale

2111:

because the term is familiar and shorter, or because it accurately reflects the inhumanity of slavery, with

35604: 32289: 30922: 30058: 29892: 29857: 29808: 29532: 28743: 27916: 26967: 26838: 26433: 26295: 26285: 26278: 26082: 24856: 24804: 23780: 23750: 23599: 23554: 23220: 22911: 22818: 22715: 21500: 14671:. Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements Series (2 ed.). Lanham, Maryland: 11157:"When Europeans Were Slaves: Research Suggests White Slavery Was Much More Common Than Previously Believed" 10441: 9270:

Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. USA: AltaMira Press.

8265: 6878:

passed a resolution apologizing for American slavery and subsequent discriminatory laws. In June 2009, the

6651:, Wilberforce also campaigned for abolition of slavery in the British Empire, which he lived to see in the 6268: 5933: 3952: 3302: 2695:

Slaves have been owned privately by individuals but have also been under state ownership. For example, the

2628:

Even after slavery became a criminal offense, slave owners could get high returns. According to researcher

2222: 1707: 1551: 1421: 1082: 850: 830: 390: 358: 22491: 22267: 18568: 11064:

Kissling, H. J.; Spuler, Bertold; Barbour, N.; Trimingham, J. S.; Braun, H.; Hartel, H. (August 1, 1997).

6413: 5515:

between 1800 and 1909. In 1908, women slaves were still sold in the Ottoman Empire. German orientalist,

4229:. Slavery was employed largely by governments as a means of maintaining a public labour force. Until the 2414: 2174:, where it was considered a keystone of society. Other places where it was extensively practiced include 77: 34491: 32778: 31490: 31313: 31268: 31196: 30843: 30457: 30012: 30002: 29869: 29077: 28728: 27941: 26664: 26574: 26310: 26126: 25700: 25488: 25340: 24759: 24360: 24306: 23651: 23623: 23524: 23370: 22726: 22031: 21774: 21008: 20902: 19985: 19667: 19421: 18499: 17962: 17483: 16775: 16641: 15878: 15513: 15364: 14106:

A China No Brasil: Influencias, Marcas, Ecos E Sobrevivencias Chinesas Na Sociedade E Na Arte Brasileiras

14033:

A China no Brasil: influências, marcas, ecos e sobrevivências chinesas na sociedade e na arte brasileiras

12659: 12579: 12170: 12152: 12081: 11440:

Lovejoy, Paul E. (1989). "The Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa: A Review of the Literature".

11241: 10667: 10476: 10385:(1969). "The Congo Free State and the Belgian Congo before 1914". In Gann, L. H.; Duignan, Peter (eds.). 10154: 8988: 8906:. Vol. 33. Prague: Academia, de l'Academie Tchecoslovaque des Sciences et Lettres. pp. 183–184. 7016: 6784: 6754: 6285: 5903: 5631: 5329:

Applebaum's introduction has been criticized by Gulag researcher Wilson Bell, stating that her book "is,

2371: 2234: 1880: 1767: 1717: 1441: 1359: 486: 267: 87: 17392: 14906: 11421:

Snell, Daniel C. (2011). "Slavery in the Ancient Near East". In Keith Bradley and Paul Cartledge (ed.).

7008:. The revolt failed, and all the rebels were executed, but their spirit lived on according to the film. 6805:

serve as middlemen or roving bands warring with other African nations to capture Africans for Europeans.

6418: 6408: 6365: 6333: 4951: 3913:

Census, Haiti's population consisted of nearly 40,000 whites, 30,000 free coloureds and 450,000 slaves.

3812: 2905:. In the 1470s black Africans were painted as court attendants in wall paintings that were displayed in 35438: 35355: 33573: 33001: 32822: 32487: 32466: 32094: 31981: 31549: 31343: 31247: 31207: 30882: 30482: 30467: 30250: 29992: 29331: 28852: 28657: 28539: 28015: 27467: 27159: 27067: 26541: 26067: 25597: 24382: 24064: 23795: 23135: 22916: 22361: 21865: 20880: 20784: 20759: 20480: 20313: 20298: 20275: 20242: 20074: 19697: 19631: 19524:(1995). "Slave Trade in the Indian Ocean in the Seventeenth Century". In Mathew, Kuzhippalli S. (ed.). 18229: 18151: 15979: 15922: 15847: 15771: 15342: 15215: 15139: 14880: 14786: 13860: 13609: 12523: 12461: 11442: 11426: 10447: 10390: 10333: 10192: 9956: 9755: 8951: 8593: 6822: 6758: 6684: 6676: 6652: 6120: 5937: 5480: 4964: 4926: 4776: 4193: 4116: 4061: 3773:

on the island in 1492. The practice was devastating to the native population. Following the indigenous

3513: 3000:

and brought them to the coast. There, the slaves gradually assimilated in rural areas, particularly on

1626: 1478: 1463: 1354: 550: 220: 20505:

Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (1997). "Slaves and Tyrants: Dutch Tribulations in Seventeenth-Century Mrauk-U".

18945: 16662:. Vol. 2 (Agriculture). Translated by Schick, Robert. Ramallah: Dar Al Nasher. pp. 176–177. 16606:"Slave Trade in the Early Modern Crimea From the Perspective of Christian, Muslim, and Jewish Sources" 15597:"Slave Trade in the Early Modern Crimea From the Perspective of Christian, Muslim, and Jewish Sources" 12365: 10270:"Louis Dor (Saturday 30 April 2016) Kim Jong-un is recruiting a new 'pleasure squad' of teenage girls" 6743: 6647:

was passed by the British Parliament on March 25, 1807, making the slave trade illegal throughout the

5449:). These slaves were trafficked to the Arab world from Africa via the Trans-Saharan slave trade, the 4251:'s son Wang Huo murdered a slave, Wang Mang severely criticized him and forced him to commit suicide”( 3800: 2336:

A Black family works a cotton plantation in Mississippi. The subtitle says "We done dis' all mornin'".

34026: 33379: 33197: 33006: 32763: 32372: 32282: 32240: 31454: 31094: 30947: 30942: 30128: 30017: 29957: 28821: 28816: 28637: 28311: 28222: 28101: 26886: 26828: 26383: 26227: 24950: 24764: 24666: 24551: 24213: 24181: 23851: 23785: 23694: 23432: 23095: 23063: 22828: 21745: 21620: 21095: 21036: 20219: 19216:

D.W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation: A History of the Most Controversial Motion Picture of All Time

17681: 15918: 15740: 14241: 13384: 13062: 13031: 12397: 12358:"African Heritage and Memories of Slavery in Brazil and the South Atlantic World By Ana Lucia Araujo" 11462: 10245: 9213: 9132:

Burkholder, Mark A.; Johnson, Lyman L. (2019). "1. America, Iberia, and Africa Before the Conquest".

8707: 8617: 7732: 7236: 7206: 7025: 6978: 6967: 6817:

of Benin issued a national apology for the central role Africans played in the Atlantic slave trade.

6547: 6527: 6358: 5761: 5579: 5269: 4935: 4668: 4633: 4451: 4144: 4097: 3593: 3537: 2933: 2613: 2205: 2186: 2171: 1722: 1621: 1152: 1140: 730: 703: 208: 22606: 20465: 19257: 19199: 17989: 17882: 17715: 16833: 16553: 16368: 16309: 10558: 10528: 7028:

about the teaching of Christianity to slaves in Cuba, and emphasizes the role of ritual and revolt.

6530:

only in 1863. Many American abolitionists took an active role in opposing slavery by supporting the

6511: 5866:

trying to get to Europe through Libya and selling them on slave markets or holding them hostage for

5685:

asserts that new forms of contemporary slavery have been created in the post-Cold War era of global

5667:

society is traditionally hierarchical, ranging from nobles, through vassals, to dark-skinned slaves.

4943:

in Scotland, miners were bonded to their "maisters" by a 1606 Act "Anent Coalyers and Salters". The

3782: 3706: 3455: 3442:

conquest of the indigenous peoples in the Americas included using the Natives as forced labour. The

35594: 33729: 33650: 33580: 33021: 32934: 32749: 32707: 32660: 32333: 31777: 31583: 30997: 30721: 30432: 30171: 29962: 29952: 29309: 29121: 28826: 28796: 28487: 28289: 28048: 28005: 27971: 27472: 27462: 27144: 26932: 26843: 26808: 26753: 26639: 26000: 25210: 25098: 24945: 24714: 24651: 24479: 24434: 24296: 24176: 24158: 24094: 24024: 23908: 23143: 22788: 22327: 22070: 21454:

Remembering Slavery: African Americans Talk About Their Personal Experiences of Slavery and Freedom

21433: 20753: 20016: 19857: 19804:

A Look at the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments: Slavery Abolished, Equal Protection Established

17658:. United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. February 17, 2014. p. 365. 16464: 16367:

Barenberg, Alan; Bell, Wilson T.; Kinnear, Sean; Maddox, Steven; Viola, Lynne (November 14, 2017).

16007: 12941: 12502: 11582: 11186: 10917: 10637: 9415: 9363: 8099: 7381: 6636: 5578:

to Arabia and Aden, while weak slaves being thrown in the sea; or across the Sahara desert via the

5571: 5458: 5045:, Portugal, in 1191, took 3,000 Christian slaves. From the 11th to the 19th century, North African 5018: 4981: 4930: 4788: 4646: 4555: 4304: 4124: 3042: 2961: 2611:

and the end of slavery, and Smith's criticism of masters, past and present. As Smith stated in the

2404: 2209: 1928: 1830:. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people 1502: 1371: 924: 713: 198: 99: 22583: 21475:

Slavery by Another Name: The re-enslavement of black americans from the civil war to World War Two

19548:

Ceylon and the Dutch: 1600-1800: External Influences and Internal Change in Early Modern Sri Lanka

18675: 17282:

Xu, Vicky Xiuzhong; Cave, Danielle; Leiboid, James; Munro, Kelsey; Ruser, Nathan (February 2020).

8886: 5333:, a well-done overview of the Gulag, but it did not offer an interpretative framework much beyond 3348:. Slave-owning people of what became Canada were, for example, the fishing societies, such as the 1826:. Slaves may be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be 378: 35614: 35467: 35423: 35069: 33896: 33724: 33585: 32592: 32515: 32431: 32268: 32080: 31652: 31430: 31222: 30877: 30548: 30109: 30007: 29942: 28753: 28632: 28534: 28472: 28284: 27911: 27798: 27732: 27645: 26549: 26473: 26393: 26198: 26138: 26116: 25843: 25664: 25493: 25473: 25335: 25325: 25283: 24913: 24754: 24616: 24586: 24581: 24524: 24459: 24444: 24377: 24350: 24335: 23743: 23013: 22937: 22859: 22742: 22394: 22259:

Archives of the Middelburgsche Commercie Compagnie (MCC), 1720–1889 'Trade Company of Middelburg'

22236: 21890: 21710: 21696: 21082: 20983: 20809: 20734: 20706: 20562: 20160: 20026: 19964: 19673: 19648: 19286: 19220: 19003: 17930: 17729: 15809: 15391: 15360: 14672: 14641: 13820: 13775: 13351: 12872: 12309: 11674: 10520: 9303:

Cite error: The named reference "BBC" was defined multiple times with different content (see the

9137: 8993: 8333: 8091: 7398: 6903: 6837: 6772: 6546:, beginning in 1861, led to the end of slavery in the United States. In 1863, Lincoln issued the 6273: 6258: 5859: 5627: 5623: 5599: 5245: 5011: 4891:

respectively. The trade particularly picked up after the Viking invasions, with major markets at

4679:

had the largest slave population, with as many as 80,000 in the 6th and 5th centuries BC. As the

4637: 4383: 4212: 4156: 4152: 4003: 3341: 2653: 2246: 2167: 1687: 1426: 1376: 1304: 1077: 855: 799: 782: 213: 24561: 19419:

Berlin, Ira (2004). "American Slavery in History and Memory and the Search for Social Justice".

18083: 17656:

Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

14817: 7871: 4899:

supplied by Danish, Mercian, and Welsh raiding of one another's borderlands. At the time of the

4791:(which aimed mainly at the sale of English slaves to Ireland) and the Council of Armagh (1171). 3819:, carried out by Haitian soldiers, mostly former slaves, against the remaining French population 3520:, as the result of a civil case. This was the first instance of a judicial determination in the 3493:

and his associates, though English slave-trading would not take off until the mid-17th century.

3234:

caravan route, and eleven to twenty million (depending on the author) across the Atlantic Ocean.

35510: 35168: 34851: 34715: 33972: 33700: 33640: 33610: 33319: 33187: 33180: 33175: 32711: 32508: 32198: 31906: 31879: 31752: 31604: 31483: 31348: 31143: 30902: 30378: 30326: 30316: 30304: 29967: 29596: 29338: 28607: 28559: 28529: 28366: 28334: 28324: 28141: 28126: 28106: 27988: 27759: 27754: 27029: 26579: 26564: 26358: 26261: 26181: 26010: 25951: 25853: 25750: 25693: 25592: 25565: 25555: 25035: 25015: 24878: 24749: 24646: 24596: 24566: 24546: 24474: 24454: 24429: 24424: 24419: 24330: 24301: 24274: 24245: 24240: 23836: 23826: 23644: 23636: 23397: 23314: 22803: 22631: 22514: 22497: 22418: 22209: 22181: 21612: 18130: 17231: 16797: 15171: 15088: 12427: 12258: 8920:"Slave or Enslaved Person? It's not just an academic debate for historians of American slavery" 8511: 8358: 7701: 6917: 6792: 6581: 6243: 6135: 5787: 5484: 5334: 5259: 4968: 4940: 4660: 4586: 4057: 4045: 3882: 3790: 3700: 3634: 3565:(Spanish Black Code), that specified food and clothing provisions, put limits on the number of 3184: 2863: 2862:

Slavery was widespread in Africa, which pursued both internal and external slave trade. In the

2773: 1760: 1729: 1234: 975: 887: 735: 459: 425: 420: 31: 21768: 21494: 21088:

Children of Bondage: A Social History of the Slave Society at the Cape of Good Hope, 1652–1838

20474: 19802: 19115:"Brattle Consultants Quantify Reparations for Transatlantic Chattel Slavery in Pro Bono Paper" 18749: 18257: 18108: 17070:"'Modern-day slavery': State Dept. says millions of human trafficking victims go unidentified" 16734: 16029: 15872: 15765: 15251: 15133: 14557:

For exports of Malabar slaves to Ceylon, Batavia, see Generale Missiven VI; H.K. s'Jacob ed.,

14458: 14336: 14235: 13914: 13864: 13814: 13769: 13724: 13603: 13535: 13465: 13249: 12994: 12838: 12653: 12120: 12055: 11857: 11385: 11092: 11065: 10977: 10843: 10662: 10186: 9731: 9454:

Farazmand, Ali (1998). "Persian/Iranian Administrative Tradition". In Shafritz, Jay M. (ed.).

9001: 8945: 5985:

women and girls, and up to 50% are minors, reports the U.S. State Department in a 2008 study.

3666:, as they were made up of slaves from different African ethnicities. These tribes include the 35418: 35242: 35059: 34772: 34230: 34086: 33759: 33754: 33443: 33352: 33269: 33252: 33232: 33083: 32941: 32919: 32721: 32494: 32445: 32296: 32066: 31400: 31325: 31232: 31148: 31133: 31087: 31082: 30957: 30597: 30524: 30519: 30390: 30233: 30180: 30022: 29997: 29987: 29977: 29972: 29825: 28893: 28845: 28549: 28544: 28482: 28427: 28376: 27998: 27529: 27502: 27174: 27102: 26891: 26699: 26689: 26654: 26413: 26305: 26300: 26215: 26176: 25983: 25978: 25560: 25520: 25453: 25350: 25298: 25225: 24980: 24744: 24656: 24631: 24626: 24611: 24606: 24601: 24541: 24489: 24449: 24355: 24325: 24223: 23846: 23346: 23282: 22895: 22869: 22767: 22531: 22466: 22388: 22272: 22205: 20576: 20068: 19977: 19771: 19742: 19311: 19280: 18283: 18049: 17623: 17006: 15655:"Ransoming Captives in Crusader Spain: The Order of Merced on the Christian-Islamic Frontier" 15507: 15336: 15293: 15257: 15209: 15035: 14874: 14780: 14635: 14273: 14110:

China in Brazil: Influences, Marks, Echoes and Chinese Survivals in Brazilian Society and Art

13952: 13810: 13765: 13345: 13211: 13137: 13086: 13056: 13025: 12718: 12573: 12517: 12391: 11689: 11636: 11609: 11509: 11482: 10762: 10148: 9777: 8438: 8270: 7958: 7640: 7503: 7487: 7076: 6991: 6973: 6961: 6539: 5891: 5850:

have each sourced products from these factories prior to the publication of the ASPI report.

5676: 5395: 5264: 5130: 4910: 4641: 4181: 4028: 3980: 3851: 3797:) was based on slavery, and the practice there was regarded as the most brutal in the world. 3208: 3164:

Systems of servitude and slavery were common in parts of Africa, as they were in much of the

2444: 2430: 2325:

has also been used to refer to a legal state of dependency to somebody else. For example, in

2302: 2265: 2103: 1990:

According to the widespread view, which has been known since the 18th century, the Byzantine

1596: 1451: 1364: 1349: 1031: 1019: 765: 750: 535: 310: 232: 203: 21700: 20020: 18809: 16863: 15803: 12626: 7693: 7388: 6771:

has been working to break the silence surrounding the memory of slavery since 1994, through

6662:

to follow suit, notably France and the British colonies. Between 1808 and 1860, the British

4875:

In Britain, slavery continued to be practiced following the fall of Rome, while sections of

3728:

was established in 1532, as members of one tribe would enslave captured members of another.

2920: 2460: 35330: 35257: 34690: 34638: 34432: 34210: 33886: 33851: 33690: 33274: 33257: 33138: 33113: 33011: 32862: 32832: 32817: 32411: 32170: 32059: 31731: 31358: 31138: 30937: 30687: 30083: 30078: 29982: 29852: 29803: 29197: 29163: 29148: 28984: 28931: 28617: 28393: 28346: 28166: 28161: 27936: 27931: 27906: 27846: 27690: 27670: 27622: 27492: 27407: 27245: 26818: 26778: 26659: 26368: 26234: 25878: 25815: 25785: 25770: 25755: 25431: 24965: 24839: 24556: 24514: 24464: 24439: 24255: 24218: 23959: 23821: 23544: 23534: 23196: 23087: 22980: 22782: 22247: 21026: 19939: 19906:"Out of the Land of Bondage": The English Revolution and the Atlantic Origins of Abolition" 19161: 19032: 18352: 17595: 17370: 16432: 15433: 14852: 13806: 13761: 12722: 12387: 11927: 11744:

Ames, Kenneth M. (June 2001). "Slaves, Chiefs and Labour on the Northern Northwest Coast".

9807: 8280: 8135: 7948: 6814: 6796: 6735: 6663: 6644: 6531: 6115: 5740: 5611: 5507:

the Empire from Europe and Africa. It has been estimated that some 200,000 slaves – mainly

5470: 5372: 4922: 4571: 4148: 4132: 4033: 3984: 3906: 3890: 3770: 3613: 3401: 3278: 3201: 3173: 3137: 2837: 2803: 2769: 2604: 2201: 2139: 1734: 1638: 1601: 1529: 1473: 1342: 1299: 1113: 1043: 718: 498: 400: 284: 191: 45: 35039: 18892: 18502:

on behalf of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History: 144–153.

18313: 16733:

Veenhoven, Willem Adriaan; Ewing, Winifred Crum; Samenlevingen, Stichting Plurale (1975).

11513: 10105: 5083:

with the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East. The slaves were captured in southern Russia,

3789:

the indigenous people, began engaging in earnest in the use of African slaves. During the

8: 35599: 35223: 35148: 34836: 34685: 34648: 34247: 34215: 34103: 33913: 33799: 33695: 33630: 33568: 33530: 33436: 33384: 33357: 33148: 33128: 32996: 32981: 32842: 32726: 32653: 32347: 32087: 31116: 31107: 31072: 30848: 30477: 30282: 29467: 29272: 29247: 29227: 29131: 28522: 28517: 28455: 28403: 28121: 28089: 28079: 27961: 27951: 27482: 27477: 27298: 27278: 27199: 27119: 27097: 27077: 26925: 26868: 26589: 26584: 26559: 26388: 26143: 26022: 25775: 25607: 25468: 25103: 25005: 24985: 24774: 24682: 24641: 24621: 24591: 24484: 24279: 24089: 23539: 23151: 22942: 22849: 22731: 22690: 22685: 22578: 22172: 21943: 21054: 20359: 20331: 20183: 20049: 19849: 19640: 18460: 16161:

Kleine Ostarbeiter: Child Forced Labor in Nazi Germany and German Occupied Eastern Europe

15996: 14859: 14522:(Princeton, N.J., 1984); G.D. Winius, "The 'Shadow Empire' of Goa in the Bay of Bengal," 13730: 12683: 11249: 10913:"Slow Death for Slavery: The Course of Abolition in Northern Nigeria, 1897–1936 (review)" 10736: 10127: 9934: 9783: 8295: 8251: 7915: 7882: 7792: 7596: 6853: 6632: 6606: 6483: 5989: 5733: 5595: 5575: 5543: 5503: 5474: 5462: 5454: 5161: 5063: 5050: 5022: 4925:, although slavery remained legal in possessions outside Europe until the passage of the 4818:

bull of 1455. Large-scale trading in slaves was mainly confined to the South and East of

4752: 4748: 4575: 4038: 4017: 3976: 3816: 3622: 3582: 3231: 3100: 3062: 2977: 2957: 2816:

Slavery predates written records and has existed in many cultures. Slavery is rare among

2542:) appear and disappear. One theoretical model is that slavery becomes more desirable for 2502: 2329:, the situations and lives of such slaves could be better than those of common citizens. 2213: 1222: 1202: 1087: 1072: 941: 912: 902: 792: 740: 708: 505: 363: 331: 326: 279: 136: 30265: 18700: 17825: 14606:"Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand: Archival Anecdotes and Village Voices" 10573: 6658:

After the 1807 act abolishing the slave trade was passed, these campaigners switched to

6506:

sparked a discussion about the right to enslave Native Americans. A prominent critic of

4619:

occurred on islands in the Pacific Ocean and Australia, especially in the 19th century.

3924:

in human history, precipitated the end of slavery in all French colonies, which came in

3168:. In many African societies where slavery was prevalent, the slaves were not treated as 3069:. It grew to involve over 500,000 slaves and free men who were imported from across the 2648: 35534: 35433: 34586: 34459: 34367: 34288: 33908: 33670: 33655: 33217: 33202: 33123: 33108: 32559: 32459: 32452: 32354: 32117: 31666: 31659: 31597: 31390: 31273: 31039: 31002: 30962: 30897: 30612: 29624: 29606: 29601: 29589: 29423: 29242: 29222: 29192: 28974: 28946: 28622: 28586: 28450: 28339: 28319: 28192: 28156: 28043: 28025: 27956: 27592: 27452: 27432: 27387: 27288: 27273: 26906: 26783: 26709: 26604: 26418: 26398: 26057: 25988: 25956: 25923: 25913: 25795: 25380: 25375: 25365: 25313: 25303: 25278: 25220: 25178: 25088: 25083: 25078: 24990: 24291: 23493: 22772: 22543: 22442: 21591: 21542: 21355: 21303: 21295: 21278:

Pole, J. R. (June 1977). "Review: Slavery and Revolution: The Conscience of the Rich".

21245: 21224: 21195: 21187: 21158: 20453: 20427: 20387: 20131: 19892: 19888: 19438: 19401: 19339: 19187: 18519: 18511: 18472: 18468: 18433: 18318: 17703: 17366: 17053: 16980: 16946: 16388: 16333: 16297: 16063: 15915:

The Mutual Effects of the Islamic and Judeo-Christian Worlds: The East European Pattern

15310: 14985: 14735: 14437: 14429: 14197: 12923: 12251: 11994: 11986: 11767: 11759: 11719: 11518: 11128: 10810: 10606: 10546: 10410: 10057: 10049: 10012: 10004: 9524: 9111: 9041: 8772: 8411: 6913: 6788: 6699: 6659: 6623:

and other leading members of London's black community. It was closely connected to the

6543: 6227: 6222: 6093: 5917: 5823: 5672: 5559: 5551: 5466: 5418: 4918: 4884: 4765: 4744: 4696: 4551: 4543: 4180:, 2,500 incarcerated workers fought wildfires for only $ 1 per hour through the CDCR's 4105: 4073: 3960: 3945: 3917: 3533: 3498: 3415: 3411: 3077: 2960:, slaves were transported from Africa across the Red Sea to the Arabian Peninsula. The 2797: 2563: 2468: 2463:

and other forms of coerced government labour constitute "state-operated slavery." Some

2410: 1468: 1314: 1289: 1279: 1244: 1239: 1207: 1172: 1165: 1106: 1099: 956: 775: 770: 760: 530: 383: 341: 336: 289: 257: 247: 184: 30245: 23019: 22424: 18377:

The Abolitions of Slavery: From L. F. Sonthonax to Victor Schoelcher, 1793, 1794, 1848

17901:"Swaziland: Students in Taiwan Forced to Work 'Like Slaves' in Frozen Chicken Factory" 16856:"Inaugural Global Slavery Index Reveals More Than 29 Million People Living In Slavery" 11875: 4368: 3524:

holding that a person who had committed no crime could be held in servitude for life.

3083: 2579:

and later in Rome – was not applied to ease physical labour or improve manufacturing.

405: 351: 35544: 35500: 35481: 34931: 34871: 34569: 34442: 34437: 34031: 33831: 33821: 33774: 33448: 33262: 33118: 33053: 32946: 32847: 32736: 32731: 32716: 32552: 32529: 32318: 32303: 32275: 32261: 31974: 31837: 31535: 31353: 31293: 31153: 31019: 30887: 30778: 30534: 30509: 29629: 29547: 29284: 29237: 29175: 29004: 28733: 28713: 28445: 28410: 28242: 28136: 28116: 28035: 27888: 27823: 27497: 27447: 27422: 27382: 27377: 27308: 27154: 26813: 26773: 26726: 26674: 26599: 26077: 26042: 26032: 25993: 25933: 25883: 25805: 25790: 25760: 25639: 25550: 25478: 25463: 25262: 25205: 25010: 24918: 24809: 24729: 24576: 23876: 23405: 22991: 22875: 22588: 22253:

Mémoire St Barth (archives & history of slavery, slave trade and their abolition)

22143: 22117: 22096: 22060: 22021: 21997: 21972: 21947: 21922: 21894: 21869: 21846: 21838: 21828: 21778: 21749: 21724: 21682: 21657: 21630: 21583: 21552: 21528: 21504: 21479: 21458: 21437: 21412: 21384: 21374: 21359: 21307: 21199: 21162: 21120: 21099: 21068: 21040: 21012: 20987: 20962: 20937: 20908: 20884: 20859: 20834: 20813: 20788: 20763: 20738: 20724: 20710: 20696: 20684: 20676: 20666: 20627: 20566: 20541: 20524: 20484: 20441: 20431: 20401: 20373: 20345: 20335: 20317: 20279: 20254: 20223: 20164: 20135: 20123: 20078: 20053: 20030: 19989: 19943: 19896: 19861: 19835: 19812: 19808: 19775: 19765: 19746: 19717: 19677: 19614: 19604: 19579: 19551: 19529: 19331: 19290: 19224: 19173: 19068: 18786: 18776: 18544: 18523: 18381: 18323: 18289: 18233: 18205: 17012: 17002: 16951: 16923:"Mali's Other Crisis: Slavery Still Plagues Mali, And Insurgency Could Make It Worse" 16901: 16744: 16663: 16520: 16444: 16440: 16392: 16159: 16035: 16001:"The Sultan's Raiders: The Military Role of the Crimean Tatars in the Ottoman Empire" 15882: 15851: 15813: 15775: 15744: 15701: 15633: 15542: 15517: 15395: 15315: 15261: 15219: 15181: 15143: 15041: 15011: 14942: 14917: 14884: 14790: 14739: 14727: 14676: 14645: 14441: 14378: 14346: 14315: 14283: 14245: 14220: 14150: 14140: 14113: 14068: 14036: 14000: 13962: 13924: 13868: 13853: 13824: 13779: 13734: 13703: 13613: 13579: 13545: 13475: 13433: 13429: 13355: 13259: 13221: 13191: 13147: 13098: 13066: 13035: 13004: 12927: 12915: 12848: 12704:

Based on "records for 27,233 voyages that set out to obtain slaves for the Americas".

12693: 12687: 12663: 12632: 12583: 12527: 12465: 12401: 12262: 12229: 12201: 12089: 12061: 11998: 11946: 11902: 11794: 11771: 11746: 11699: 11646: 11615: 11523: 11391: 11196: 11132: 11098: 11071: 10987: 10892: 10849: 10822: 10768: 10740: 10641: 10532: 10497: 10451: 10415: 10249: 10196: 10158: 10061: 10016: 9859: 9787: 9419: 9390: 9217: 9185: 9160: 9094: 9072: 9005: 8955: 8876: 8842: 8806: 8729: 8655: 8448: 8370: 8337: 8151: 8057: 7836: 7409: 7309: 7112: 7005: 6983: 6691: 6098: 5976: 5714: 5690: 5682: 5384: 5383:

In the earliest known records, slavery is treated as an established institution. The

5142: 5138: 4819: 4700: 4567: 4442: 4434: 4108:, with slavery legally ceasing as an institution following the war in December 1865. 3972: 3956: 3832: 3824: 3778: 3721: 3691: 3656:(literally meaning "brown negroes", that is "pale-skinned negroes"), and in Dutch as 3521: 3337: 3298: 3222:(from the ninth to the nineteenth).... Four million enslaved people exported via the 3158: 3150: 2965: 2949: 2857: 2845: 2829: 2620: 2607:, or what Comte called the "separation of the spiritual and the temporal" during the 2352: 2326: 2218: 2190: 2163: 1912: 1862: 1831: 1556: 1274: 1269: 1212: 1197: 1177: 999: 994: 929: 892: 725: 691: 520: 373: 262: 141: 30558: 21861:

Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment

18840: 18540:

Though the Heavens May Fall: The Landmark Trial that Led to the End of Human Slavery

11549: 9957:"Constitution Society – Advocates and enforcers of the U.S. and State Constitutions" 5038: 3141: 2538:

Economists have modeled the circumstances under which slavery (and variants such as

2521:. Socialists draw parallels between the trade of labour as a commodity and slavery. 35589: 35452: 35232: 35106: 35006: 34986: 34881: 34861: 34826: 34120: 34038: 33879: 33856: 33794: 33600: 33595: 33558: 33309: 33242: 33207: 33153: 33036: 32986: 32914: 32852: 32473: 32438: 32184: 32163: 32052: 32011: 31701: 31126: 30795: 30748: 30716: 30642: 30580: 30563: 30529: 30462: 30427: 30422: 30400: 30395: 30331: 30309: 30213: 30188: 30151: 30073: 29947: 29847: 29677: 29485: 29375: 29326: 29299: 29052: 29047: 28900: 28703: 28492: 28460: 28420: 28415: 28212: 28202: 28020: 27851: 27808: 27781: 27776: 27630: 27597: 27587: 27437: 27365: 27169: 27107: 27087: 27072: 26803: 26719: 26684: 26171: 26148: 26131: 26121: 26099: 26062: 26052: 26037: 26027: 25946: 25941: 25918: 25908: 25602: 25587: 25515: 25436: 25406: 25237: 25073: 24779: 24345: 24340: 24186: 24084: 23204: 22959: 22650: 22485: 22282: 21820: 21575: 21518: 21347: 21326: 21287: 21266: 21216: 21179: 21150: 20855: 20658: 20516: 20246: 20115: 20100: 19917: 19884: 19761: 19732: 19430: 19393: 19323: 19165: 18503: 18464: 18425: 18201: 17926:"Exploitation cases of Sri Lankan students in Taiwan expose education sector flaws" 17831: 16740: 16619: 16436: 16380: 15953: 15610: 15305: 14977: 14719: 14421: 13183: 12907: 12844: 12780: 12553: 11978: 11751: 11245: 10983: 10732: 10722: 10524: 10041: 9996: 9849: 9737: 9103: 8997: 8645: 8104: 8049: 7928: 7923: 7562: 7332: 7265: 7214: 7164: 7122: 6998: 6951: 5863: 5795: 5722: 5555: 5535: 5236: 5176: 5046: 4992:, the goal of which was to loot and capture slaves for selling them to Ottomans as 4823: 4813: 4676: 4672: 4655: 4593:

were slaves. Enslaved people made up about two-thirds of the population in part of

4547: 4528: 4524: 4512: 4379: 4278: 4220: 4211:

recording the purchase of a 15-year-old slave for six bolts of plain silk and five

3991: 3766: 3446:

were the first Europeans to use African slaves in the New World on islands such as

3365: 3146: 3031: 2777: 2749: 2254: 2242: 2175: 1746: 1324: 1319: 1309: 1284: 1249: 1217: 1187: 1060: 1048: 1026: 1004: 951: 787: 755: 57: 31051: 21939:

Towards a Comparative Political Economy of Unfree Labour: Case Studies and Debates

20952: 19738:

Women and Slavery: Africa, the Indian Ocean world, and the medieval north Atlantic

18730:"Pope Francis And Other Religious Leaders Sign Declaration Against Modern Slavery" 17910: 16384: 15538: 13900:

Reflections on Modern Japanese History in the Context of the Concept of "genocide"

13635:"The rarely, if ever, told story of Japanese sold as slaves by Portuguese traders" 12766: 11691:

Race and Ethnicity in America: From Pre-contact to the Present [4 volumes]

11160: 5640:

Modern incidence of slavery, as a percentage of the population, by country (2024).

5602:

was estimated at 300,000. Along with Yemen, the Saudis abolished slavery in 1962.

5523:, belonging to Ottoman Syria, in 1899, and that boys could be bought as slaves in 5049:

engaged in raids on European coastal towns to capture Christian slaves to sell at

3955:

was the legal institution of human chattel enslavement, primarily of Africans and

3936: 3662:. The Maroons gradually developed several independent tribes through a process of 3616:

and native American slaves providing little of the workforce. The introduction of

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Death By Fishing: How Taiwan's Seafood Got Tainted With Blood | CNA Correspondent

17413: 17348: 16601: 16579: 15937: 15841: 15734: 15695: 15592: 15415: 14848: 14666: 14134: 13990: 13573: 13423: 13388: 13094: 13000: 12455: 11122: 10882: 10727: 10691: 9811: 8925: 8862: 8790: 8732:(1981). "Самое последнее слово цивилизации". In В. Г. Базанов и др., ИРЛИ (ed.). 8703: 8444: 8366: 8327: 8290: 8164: 8141: 7997: 7299: 7172: 7130: 6890: 6863: 6860: 6762: 6739: 6628: 6620: 6616: 6570: 6535: 6248: 6140: 6130: 6125: 5745: 5636: 5118: 5076: 5057: 5034: 5030: 4956: 4914: 4796: 4780: 4692: 4395: 4335: 4259: 4120: 4089: 3964: 3921: 3725: 3647: 3609: 3459: 3327: 3262: 3165: 2841: 2817: 2785: 2757: 2439: 2238: 2237:

in 1950–1951, legal chattel slavery still existed only in the Arabian Peninsula:

1961: 1924: 1920: 1655: 1546: 1541: 1294: 1264: 1259: 982: 946: 745: 663: 368: 114: 33645: 22303:; Office To Monitor And Combat Trafficking In Persons, U.S. Department of State. 22300: 22184:: a searchable database of 25,000 scholarly works on slavery and the slave trade 21338:

Woltjer, Geert (March 1996). "Book review: Property and Contract in Economics".

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In the Matter of Color: Race and the American Legal Process: The Colonial Period

18918: 17618: 17534: 17457: 16683: 16103: 14723: 13726:

Race, Ethnicity and Migration in Modern Japan: Imagined and imaginary minorities

12032: 11346: 11320: 10951: 10796: 10076: 10030:

Domar, Evsey D. (March 1970). "The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom: A Hypothesis".

9650: 9283: 8634:"What Does the Slave Trade in the Saqaliba Tell Us about Early Islamic Slavery?" 7887: 5645:

Labour Organization provided an estimate of 12.3 million forced labourers.

4913:

introduced a law preventing the sale of slaves overseas. According to historian

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and were required to provide entertainment to the aristocracy. In the 2020s, in

35609: 35549: 35477: 35364: 35282: 35173: 35016: 34951: 34916: 34906: 34496: 34264: 33957: 33947: 33734: 33705: 33660: 33299: 33227: 33192: 33016: 32929: 32857: 32837: 32827: 32254: 32233: 32101: 32029: 31865: 31858: 31851: 31791: 31738: 31420: 31405: 30917: 30907: 30865: 30833: 30828: 30768: 30672: 30617: 30607: 30568: 30410: 30405: 30294: 30203: 29775: 29719: 29558: 29515: 29443: 29187: 29158: 29083: 29037: 28979: 28936: 28748: 28497: 28398: 28351: 28053: 27866: 27861: 27856: 27712: 27640: 27397: 27355: 27039: 27007: 26823: 26748: 26704: 26440: 26094: 25963: 25612: 25570: 25540: 25530: 25448: 25441: 25426: 25416: 25252: 25188: 25130: 25125: 25110: 24893: 24888: 24883: 24769: 24704: 24228: 24201: 24054: 23766: 22985: 22965: 22952: 22890: 22854: 22777: 22695: 22612: 22549: 22412: 22406: 22053:

The Hidden Gulag: The Lives and Voices of "those Who Are Sent to the Mountains"

21824: 21816: 21653: 20662: 20654: 20215:

Beyond the Pass: Economy, Ethnieitya and Empire in Qing Central Asia, 1759-1564

19931: 19875:

Dobson, Miriam (October 2012). "Stalin's Gulag: Death, Redemption and Memory".

19641:"Research Guides: American Women: Resources from the Law Library: Introduction" 19543: 19521: 19509: 19169: 18421: 18253: 17123: 16802: 16623: 16323: 15614: 15135:

The Cambridge Economic History of Europe: Trade and industry in the Middle Ages

15061: 15031: 14913: 14757: 14112:] (in Portuguese). UNICAMP. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. p. 19. 10493: 10355: 9459: 9337: 8506: 8275: 8177: 8117: 8021: 7756: 7706: 7666: 7604: 7567: 7554: 7360: 7177: 7084: 7038: 6830: 6826: 6747: 6648: 6639:, to make the issue his own and was also given support by reformed Evangelical 6612: 6263: 6078: 6073: 6063: 5913: 5909: 5831: 5807: 5698: 5646: 5547: 5512: 5496: 5492: 5440: 5228: 5224: 5126: 5108: 4906: 4888: 4880: 4869: 4838: 4834: 4731: 4688: 4680: 4489: 4243: 4053: 3902: 3898: 3836: 3794: 3601: 3482: 3439: 3361: 3266: 3254: 3227: 3189: 3176:

elsewhere in the world. The forms of slavery in Africa were closely related to

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Devine, Pat (November 1, 1993). "Review: Property and Contract in Economics".

21183: 20365:

Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia

20119: 19960:

History of Black Americans: From Africa to the emergence of the cotton kingdom

17291: 14712:

Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Romanistische Abteilung

14425: 13171: 11982: 11755: 10045: 10000: 9897: 9179: 9107: 8650: 8633: 6971:(1939) became controversial because they gave a favourable depiction. In 1940 6470:

abolished slavery in 17 CE but the ban was overturned after his assassination.

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Chattel slavery lasted in most of the Middle East until the 20th-century. The

5305:

Historian Anne Applebaum writes in the introduction of her book that the word

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A model showing a cross-section of a typical 1700s European slave ship on the

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Selling Women: Prostitution, Markets, and the Household in Early Modern Japan

13187: 13167: 13102: 13058:

Code, Custom, and Legal Practice in China: The Qing and the Republic Compared

12919: 11858:"Sicut Dudem -Against the Enslavement of Black Natives of the Canary Islands" 11527: 11200: 10744: 10633: 10419: 10382: 9528: 8659: 8232: 8129: 8075: 8033: 7941: 7820: 7768: 7740: 7678: 7653: 7630: 7622: 7609: 7580: 7532: 7493: 7463: 7433: 7417: 7327: 7270: 7148: 7102: 6924: 6680: 6559: 6479: 5993: 5981: 5839: 5749: 5664: 5650: 5619: 5542:

A major center of slave trade to the Middle east was central Asia, where the

5516: 5407: 5399: 5376: 5185: 4985: 4901: 4784: 4456: 4274: 4226: 4160: 3975:, at the time of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. By the time of the 3863: 3786: 3714: 3671: 3490: 3387: 3307: 3250: 3125: 3070: 2981: 2914: 2879: 2730: 2600: 2572: 2487: 2394: 2346: 2298: 2287: 2094: 1900: 1874: 1870: 1839: 1677: 1606: 1053: 1036: 811: 641: 631: 415: 65: 22306: 20520: 19618: 18790: 18349:"Soldiers and Sailors Database – The Civil War (U.S. National Park Service)" 14154: 12432: 10628:

Bindman, David; Gates (Jr.), Henry Louis; Dalton, Karen C. C., eds. (2010).

9697: 8746: 2582: 35491: 35447: 35307: 35272: 35228: 35213: 35064: 34876: 34866: 34532: 34335: 34315: 34205: 34185: 33891: 33816: 33811: 33769: 33635: 33512: 33347: 33093: 32956: 32872: 32792: 32698: 32379: 32340: 32004: 31988: 31770: 31724: 31506: 31378: 31373: 31212: 30870: 30860: 30592: 30198: 29649: 29576: 29355: 29345: 29264: 29014: 28921: 28871: 28758: 28738: 28718: 28708: 28683: 28437: 28272: 28252: 28237: 28207: 28197: 27976: 27831: 27813: 27749: 27727: 27685: 27675: 27572: 27562: 27534: 27265: 27255: 27082: 27022: 26763: 26758: 26649: 26526: 26494: 26423: 26268: 25458: 25345: 25173: 25140: 25120: 25050: 25040: 25020: 25000: 24636: 24534: 24529: 24260: 24235: 24099: 24039: 24004: 23974: 23709: 23679: 23474: 23466: 22808: 22762: 22736: 22675: 22555: 21759: 21398: 21380:

The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism

21330: 20613: 20191: 20127: 20008: 19489: 19456: 19139:

Mahon, Leah (August 2023). "£18 Trillion What Britain owes in reparation".

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The Comparative Histories of Slavery in Brazil, Cuba, and the United States

8771:(1/2). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG): 145–153. 8566: 8475: 8329:

The Legal Understanding of Slavery: From the Historical to the Contemporary

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of Ghana also apologized for his country's involvement in the slave trade.

6818: 6731: 6714: 6698:

in particular. In 1905, the French abolished indigenous slavery in most of

6542:. By 1860, the total number of slaves reached almost four million, and the 6253: 6058: 6005: 5835: 5721:, and Uzbekistan in the worst offenders category. Cuba, Iran, North Korea, 5654: 5220: 4827: 4805: 4727: 4711: 4616: 4594: 4516: 4438: 4327: 4316: 4308: 4263: 4208: 3805: 3777:'s near decimation from forced labour, disease and war, the Spanish, under 3663: 3605: 3357: 3219: 3129: 3005: 2969: 2945: 2871: 2753: 2738: 2587: 2551: 2506: 2480: 2400: 2378: 2367: 2363: 2310: 2277: 2182: 1916: 1843: 1682: 1519: 1495: 1401: 1394: 1125: 653: 626: 589: 567: 454: 171: 151: 129: 119: 109: 104: 94: 21566:

King, Richard H.; Genovese, Eugene (1977). "Marxism and the Slave South".

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Lutz, Mark A. (1995). "Book Reviews: Property and Contract in Economics".

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Peabody, Sue (1984). "Race, Slavery, and the Law in Early Modern France".

13957:. Vol. 21 of Asia: Local Studies / Global Themes. Matthew H. Sommer. 12911: 12869:"Slavery and forced labour in Ancient China and the Ancient Mediterranean" 11477: 8440:

Sociologists in Action on Inequalities: Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality

6534:. Violent clashes between anti-slavery and pro-slavery Americans included 6016: 5296:

Thoughtful and rigorous historical comparisons of Soviet forced labor and

4876: 4515:

was widespread by the 6th century BC, and perhaps even as far back as the

3454:. It was argued by some contemporary writers to be intrinsically immoral. 934: 35505: 35486: 35413: 35384: 35312: 35302: 35252: 35129: 35001: 34971: 34921: 34846: 34800: 34780: 34734: 34680: 34512: 34503: 34397: 34259: 34200: 34195: 34132: 34066: 34048: 33967: 33962: 33920: 33744: 33620: 33455: 33247: 33026: 32924: 32807: 32773: 32741: 32156: 32124: 31997: 31958: 31951: 31844: 31823: 31784: 31745: 31673: 31521: 31395: 31237: 31061: 31024: 31014: 30987: 30602: 30514: 30223: 29813: 29644: 29634: 29584: 29566: 29477: 29438: 29232: 29143: 29126: 28371: 28294: 28262: 27722: 27665: 27283: 27240: 27215: 27184: 27179: 27134: 27059: 27049: 27034: 26987: 26629: 26348: 26315: 25893: 25873: 25360: 25320: 25288: 25155: 25115: 24955: 24868: 24819: 24794: 24694: 24387: 24121: 24104: 24059: 23979: 23724: 23188: 22932: 22880: 22700: 22643: 22448: 22400: 22261:, Inventory of the archives of the Dutch slave trade across the Atlantic 22222: 21315:

Smith, Stephen C. (December 1994). "Property and Contract in Economics".

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Bartlett, Will (May 1994). "Review: Property and Contract in Economics".

19663: 19565: 19048: 17939: 17397: 14035:(in Portuguese). UNICAMP. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. p. 19. 13771:

Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience

12689:

Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience

11264:"History – British History in depth: British Slaves on the Barbary Coast" 10131: 9569: 9334:"Debt bondage remains the most prevalent form of forced labour worldwide" 8207: 8202: 8184: 8159: 8002: 7987: 7858: 7719: 7519: 7455: 6909: 6879: 6640: 6577: 6487: 6447: 6198: 5771: 5508: 5432: 5311:"the system of Soviet slave labor itself, in all its forms and varieties" 4972: 4854: 4715: 4651: 4447: 4357: 4312: 4300: 4262:(In most cases, lords were free to kill their slaves) in terms of slaves 4253: 4230: 4024: 3875: 3349: 3319: 3286: 3066: 2953: 2937: 2875: 2833: 2710: 2608: 2567: 2543: 2518: 2332: 2151: 1851: 1827: 1524: 1512: 865: 668: 658: 616: 430: 21429:

Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America

21191: 18476: 18437: 17313: 16410: 14526:

7, no. 2 (1983); D.G.E. Hall, "Studies in Dutch relations with Arakan,"

14433: 14410:"Hindus Beyond the Hindu Kush: Indians in the Central Asian Slave Trade" 14201: 10764:

Oriental influences in Swahili: a study in language and culture contacts

10473:

An Inquiry into the Law of Negro Slavery in the United States of America

9751: 9115: 8776: 5697:

and the use of forced labor in the exploitation of natural resources in

4976: 3878:, rather than allow their children to live within the bonds of slavery. 3470: 35472: 35462: 35457: 35360: 35267: 35185: 35125: 35121: 35054: 34966: 34961: 34946: 34891: 34831: 34739: 34643: 34633: 34623: 34608: 34412: 34402: 34276: 34271: 34160: 34137: 33999: 33977: 33836: 33675: 33590: 33563: 33545: 33485: 33460: 33394: 33374: 33279: 33237: 33222: 33212: 33098: 33048: 32991: 31944: 31872: 31708: 31694: 31680: 31645: 31542: 31363: 31034: 30974: 30692: 30299: 30287: 29659: 28999: 28581: 28388: 28301: 28279: 28247: 28146: 28131: 28111: 27876: 27841: 27803: 27717: 27680: 27612: 27607: 27602: 27567: 27524: 27509: 27487: 27412: 27250: 27230: 27149: 27017: 27012: 26982: 26948: 26634: 26244: 25898: 25888: 25825: 25634: 25629: 25510: 25505: 25401: 25385: 25242: 25135: 25093: 25055: 24863: 24851: 24824: 24814: 24734: 24148: 24143: 24114: 24049: 23898: 23699: 23689: 23413: 23362: 23298: 23025: 22900: 22813: 22797: 22705: 22454: 21741:

The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America

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The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America

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Mintz, Steven (1998). "Spielberg's Amistad and the History Classroom".

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Encyclopedia of the African Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture

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The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America

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1812 Aponte Rebellion in Cuba and the Struggle against Atlantic Slavery

11990: 11042: 10053: 10008: 9719: 9038:"'The Bitter Chain of Slavery': Reflections on Slavery in Ancient Rome" 8802: 8062: 7544: 7514: 7445: 7413: 7314: 7242: 6841: 6713:, which declared freedom from slavery is an internationally recognized 6206: 5879: 5827: 5799: 5694: 5686: 5414: 5190: 5026: 4800: 4761: 4387: 4349: 4177: 3894: 3886: 3867: 3828: 3617: 3566: 3517: 3451: 3397: 3282: 3246: 3013: 2993: 2973: 2745: 2734: 2595: 2514: 2510: 2261: 2185:

movements saw slavery as a violation of the slaves' rights as people ("

2134: 2027: 1952: 1895: 1672: 969: 673: 540: 22294: 22216: 20312:. The New Cambridge History of India, Part I. Vol. 5. Cambridge: 19405: 17767:

International Coalition to Stop Crimes Against Humanity in North Korea

17393:"West African migrants are kidnapped and sold in Libyan slave markets" 17205:"Over 400,000 people living in 'modern slavery' in U.S., report finds" 16940:

Coursen-Neff, Zama; Tribune, International Herald (January 30, 2003).

16347: 16077: 15462: 14989: 12655:

Slaves Waiting for Sale: Abolitionist Art and the American Slave Trade

11763: 8437:

White, Shelley K.; White, Jonathan M.; Korgen, Kathleen Odell (2014).

4203: 4067: 3987:, which separated free Pennsylvania from slave Maryland and Delaware. 3501:, was sentenced to lifetime slavery, forcing him to serve his master, 1802:

is the placement of a person into slavery, and the person is called a

35520: 35443: 35394: 35247: 35208: 35116: 35011: 34991: 34956: 34911: 34886: 34856: 34821: 34790: 34695: 34628: 34537: 34517: 34481: 34471: 34427: 34320: 34225: 34165: 34151: 34146: 34098: 34093: 34071: 34061: 34009: 34004: 33942: 33866: 33841: 33826: 33625: 33160: 33143: 32976: 32676: 31805: 30632: 29705: 29700: 29667: 29639: 29527: 29522: 29458: 29433: 29380: 29294: 29009: 28941: 28768: 28688: 28502: 28187: 27541: 27442: 27402: 27372: 27293: 27129: 27092: 26614: 26408: 26343: 25848: 25535: 25483: 25200: 24799: 23924: 22177: 21678: 20898: 17905: 16736:

Case Studies on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: A World Survey

15697:

A Long and Uncertain Journey: The 27,000 Mile Voyage of Vasco Da Gama

14342: 14279: 13920: 13699: 13571: 13179: 11387:

Case Studies on Human Rights And Fundamental Freedoms: A World Survey

11222: 10888: 10818: 9180:

Slavery and Social Death : A Comparative Study, Orlando (1982).

6868: 6675:

In 1839, the world's oldest international human rights organization,

6627:, a non-denominational group founded in 1787, whose members included 6491: 6467: 5950: 5871: 5403: 5104: 5096: 5092: 4862: 4704: 4684: 4581: 4550:

were slaves. Slavery was legally abolished in the possessions of the

4493: 4468: 4361: 4293: 4288: 4282: 4248: 4238: 4172: 4168: 3855: 3845: 3750: 3502: 3435: 3376: 3230:

ports of the Indian Ocean, perhaps as many as nine million along the

2898: 2555: 2498: 1904: 1888: 1791: 917: 582: 444: 23684: 22252: 22187: 21883:

Weinstein, Allen; Gatell, Frank Otto; Sarasohn, David, eds. (1979).

21579: 21404:

Slavery's Capitalism: A New History of American Economic Development

21236:

Lawson, Colin (1993). "Review: Property and Contract in Economics".

21220: 20476:

A Social History of Black Slaves and Freedmen in Portugal, 1441–1555

19434: 19327: 18565:"Royal Navy and the Slave Trade : Battles: History: Royal Navy" 18507: 14962:

Harper, James (April 1972). "Slaves and Freedmen in Imperial Rome".

14409: 9159:. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 57, 132, 165, 166. 9131: 6486:

from 269 to 232 BCE, abolished the slave trade but not slavery. The

5502:

Eastern European slaves were provided to the Ottoman Empire via the

4984:, 12,000 Christian galley slaves were recaptured and freed from the 4096:

on a platform of halting the expansion of slavery, according to the

2722: 2377:

Human trafficking primarily involves women and children forced into

599: 35525: 35428: 35369: 35335: 35326: 35297: 35287: 35262: 35218: 35158: 35081: 35049: 35044: 35031: 35021: 34976: 34941: 34901: 34813: 34785: 34710: 34700: 34596: 34449: 34377: 34372: 34345: 34325: 34310: 34254: 34190: 34056: 34014: 33903: 33719: 33710: 33470: 33389: 33369: 33364: 33284: 33103: 33078: 33073: 32812: 32787: 32768: 31560: 31528: 30783: 30736: 30682: 30499: 30383: 30353: 30336: 30120: 29714: 29686: 29672: 29539: 29505: 29463: 29448: 29408: 29153: 28602: 27660: 27650: 27582: 27577: 27546: 27392: 27347: 27225: 27220: 27124: 27002: 26876: 26714: 26378: 25500: 25330: 25257: 24908: 24834: 24739: 24699: 24079: 24074: 24069: 23994: 23989: 23934: 23704: 23180: 22864: 22822: 22319: 21626:

American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia

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Property and Contract in Economics: The Case for Economic Democracy

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Deutsch für Dichter und Denker: Unsere Muttersprache in neuem Licht

8285: 6945: 6848: 6695: 5958:

disagreed and said they deliberately came to Taiwan "to sell sex".

5942: 5811: 5783: 5524: 5445: 5428: 5088: 4842: 4831: 4234: 4140: 3871: 3859: 3667: 3541: 3331: 2997: 2726: 2716: 2418: 1795: 1507: 1065: 1009: 961: 621: 466: 321: 227: 30228: 22059:. Washington, DC: U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea. 21842: 20918: 20680: 17762:"ICNK welcomes UN inquiry on North Korea report, calls for action" 15654: 14605: 12565: 9092:

Alexander, J. (2001). "Islam, Archaeology and Slavery in Africa".

8502:"Freedom Fighter: A slaving society and an abolitionist's crusade" 6987:

gave a favorable outlook on slavery in the United States in 1946.

6844:

made a formal apology for Great Britain's involvement in slavery.

6746:), Datuk K Sri Dhammaratana, Chief High Priest of Malaysia, Rabbi 5689:, including migrant workers deprived of basic civil rights on the 5660: 4281:: 贱民)", The word literally means "inferior person". As stated in 3774: 3265:. It is estimated that about 15 percent of slaves died during the 1891:, in 1863. The scars are the result of a whipping by his overseer. 35554: 35539: 35515: 35203: 35143: 35133: 35101: 35096: 34896: 34795: 34564: 34542: 34522: 34454: 34417: 34407: 34300: 34283: 34220: 34175: 34156: 34141: 34127: 34076: 33987: 33930: 33739: 33535: 33465: 33431: 33426: 33412: 33398: 33339: 33031: 32802: 32758: 31590: 31569: 31415: 29695: 29691: 29453: 29403: 29395: 29385: 29289: 29277: 29136: 29032: 29026: 28182: 27921: 27871: 27655: 27360: 27044: 26679: 26624: 26609: 26338: 23999: 23903: 23883: 23856: 23831: 23735: 23714: 23250: 22255:, Comité de Liaison et d'Application des Sources Historiques 2010 20239:

The Dutch East India Company and the Economy of Bengal, 1630-1720

19628:

Death and Redemption: The Gulag and the Shaping of Soviet Society

18775:(2 ed.). Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex, England: Longman Group. 18166:"Religions and the abolition of slavery – a comparative approach" 17124:"Kuwait moves on Instagram slave traders after BBC investigation" 15913:. In Ascher, Abraham; Halasi-Kun, Tibor; Kiràly, Béla K. (eds.). 14616:. Yale University Southeast Asia Studies Monograph Series: 16–33. 14520:

Burmese Administrative Cycles: Anarchy and Conquest, c. 1580–1760

13575:

Korean History: Discovery of Its Characteristics and Developments

11876:"Sublimus Dei – On the Enslavement and Evangelization of Indians" 8718:] (in German) (6 ed.). Strassburg: Trübner. p. 366. 8586:"Religion & Ethics – Modern slavery: Modern forms of slavery" 7808: 6585: 5921: 5875: 5843: 5819: 5767: 5679:

work in slavery-like conditions to pay off their family's debts.

5436: 5165:

Prisoners forced to work on the Buchenwald–Weimar rail line, 1943

4975:

which seized hundreds of thousands of Christian boys through the

4896: 4892: 4846: 4792: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4372: 4320: 4136: 3258: 3223: 3177: 3096: 3088: 3053:, a series of uprisings that took place between 869 and 883 near 2913:. In the 1490s black Africans were included on the emblem of the 2910: 2894: 2698: 2682:, either to explicitly mark slaves as property or as punishment. 2539: 2359: 2093:

There is a dispute among historians about whether terms such as "

1915:

is a modern variety of slavery; in non-industrialised countries,

1835: 1490: 572: 252: 31475: 23666: 23136:

Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States

22278: 17258:"Modern slavery in developed countries more common than thought" 13322: 13320: 13318: 13316: 13314: 13312: 13310: 13308: 13306: 12958: 12956: 12954: 9675:"UNICEF supports fight to end marriage by abduction in Ethiopia" 9544:"In Togo, a 10-Year-Old's Muted Cry: 'I Couldn't Take Any More'" 6494:

in China in 17 CE but was reinstituted after his assassination.

5766:

In March 2020, the Chinese government was found to be using the

5530: 5491:

Between 1517 and 1917, most of the Middle East consisted of the

5211: 3785:, and with the blessing of the Catholic church, who also wished 3121: 2014:), borrowed from a Slavic tribe self-name *Slověne, turned into 35408: 35403: 35321: 35153: 35138: 34725: 34653: 34527: 34476: 34392: 34382: 34242: 34170: 33982: 33952: 33937: 33685: 33525: 33507: 33416: 33407: 32867: 32702: 31629: 30709: 30627: 30585: 30260: 29682: 29495: 29428: 29368: 29363: 29170: 28837: 28356: 27704: 27343: 25716: 24960: 23984: 23888: 23866: 23861: 23811: 23212: 18642: 17177:"UN gives Qatar a year to end forced labour of migrant workers" 16427:

Shaw, Garry J. (October 26, 2012). "Slavery, Pharaonic Egypt".

15564:"Famous Battles in History The Turks and Christians at Lepanto" 15034:(2003). "Reflections on Slavery". In Curran, Charles E. (ed.). 15008:

The Slave Trade: History of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1440–1870

13696:

Early Encounters between East Asia and Europe: Telling Failures

13502: 13500: 13498: 12996:

Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition [Two Volumes]

11063: 8873:

German for poets and thinkers: Our mother tongue in a new light

8306:

Wilberforce Institute for the Study of Slavery and Emancipation

8255: 8220: 7980: 7900: 7376: 7230: 7004:, dealt with an actual revolt in the Roman Empire known as the 6768: 6475: 5955: 5946: 5867: 5847: 5815: 5791: 5718: 5520: 5150: 5134: 5100: 5069: 4858: 4850: 4723: 4531:

remained the largest sources of forced labour until the 1660s.

4501: 4472: 4425: 4399: 4391: 3941: 3743: 3696: 3675: 3589: 3545: 3474: 3466: 3311: 3001: 2941: 2906: 2902: 2825: 2559: 2522: 2306: 1955: 1819: 1192: 1014: 594: 577: 439: 274: 242: 32226:

Association for the Protection and Assistance of the Convicted

23072:

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave

20929:

Slavery in Africa: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives

19355: 19353: 16554:"Horrible Traffic in Circassian Women – Infanticide in Turkey" 16211:, p. xv, Introduction: "Gulag is the word an acronym for 15418:(Summer 2014), "French chivalry in twelfth-century Britain?", 13855:

The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective

12575:

Slavery and Plantation Growth in Antebellum Florida, 1821–1860

10443:

Athenian Legacies: Essays on the Politics of Going On Together

5367: 4872:, which dampened the use of African slaves in the Arab world. 4496:

was so disgusted that his own Japanese people were being sold

2590:

was in ransoming Christian slaves held in North Africa (1637).

2146: 35345: 35091: 34705: 34618: 34613: 34115: 34021: 33992: 33925: 33874: 33520: 32543: 31576: 31102: 30726: 29490: 29418: 28969: 28217: 26917: 26353: 24970: 23816: 18016:"Modern day slavery in Southeast Asia: Thailand and Cambodia" 17101:"She escaped domestic slavery, now she helps other survivors" 15630:

Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe, 1500–1700

15338:

A Concise Economic History of Britain from the Earliest Times

14579:

De Opkomst der Westerkwartieren van de Oostindische Compagnie

13303: 12951: 12284:"Extract of the Dutch Map Representing the Colony of Surinam" 10599:"Welcome to Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to Black History" 9456:

International Encyclopedia of Public Edict and Administration

7283: 7256: 7252: 7190: 7030: 5558:. In the early 1840s, the population of the Uzbek states of 5275:

Golfo Alexopoulos suggests comparing labor in the Gulag with

5206: 5007: 4993: 4590: 4477: 4421: 4345: 4128: 3679: 3549: 3544:, prohibited slavery of the indigenous people, including the 3465:

and Spanish historian, participated in campaigns in Cuba (at

3462: 3073:

and claimed over "tens of thousands of lives in lower Iraq".

3054: 2989: 2925: 2867: 2080: 2074: 2062: 2056: 2009: 1997: 1982: 1970: 449: 435: 410: 32645: 20393:

The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Daily Life: The medieval world

16878: 13495: 13403: 12080: 11787:"Aboriginal Slavery on the Northwest Coast of North America" 11688:

Lawson, Russell M.; Lawson, Benjamin A. (October 11, 2019).

11187:"New book reopens old arguments about slave raids on Europe" 9960: 9495:"Rights–Mexico: 16,000 Victims of Child Sexual Exploitation" 6871:, which was a large slave trading port, apologized in 1999. 6462: 5988:

While the majority of trafficking victims are women who are

5402:, but studying it is complicated by terminology used by the 5037:

took 3,000 female and child captives, while his governor of

4408:. The nobi were socially indistinct from freemen (i.e., the 3749:

Slave labour was the driving force behind the growth of the

2832:

coast, slavery became widespread only with the invention of

2664: 2123: 34729: 34576: 34422: 34363: 34330: 34305: 34180: 33605: 33480: 33421: 32901: 32783: 32754: 29500: 29042: 28257: 27700: 25582: 25411: 22279:

The Trans-Atlantic and Intra-American slave trade databases

22226: 20426:. Third Series. Vol. 25 of 3: Works, Hakluyt Society. 19526:

Mariners, Merchants and Oceans: Studies on Maritime History

19365: 19350: 18285:

Words that Make New Jersey History: A Primary Source Reader

18218: 16732: 14188:

Nelson, Thomas (Winter 2004). "Slavery in Medieval Japan".

13850: 13213:

Familiar strangers: a history of Muslims in Northwest China

12897: 11039:"Islam, From Arab To Islamic Empire: The Early Abbasid Era" 8765:

Glotta, Zeitschrift fur Griechische und Lateinische Sprache

5567: 5450: 5423: 4865: 4719: 4429: 4353: 3909:

petitioned the colonial government to expand their rights.

3596:, who led the largest slave rebellion in Barbadian history. 3447: 2985: 2158:

As a social institution, chattel slavery classes slaves as

2115:

implying a degree of autonomy that slavery does not allow.

316: 146: 44:"Slave labour" redirects here. For the Banksy artwork, see 20954:

Biography of a Runaway Slave: Fiftieth Anniversary Edition

20730:

The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770–1823

20156:

Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry

19314:(1984). "Slavery & Race in American Popular Culture". 18771:

Boahen, A. Adu.; Ajayi, J. F. Ade.; Tidy, Michael (1986).

18314:"Opinion | Forgotten Step Toward Freedom (Published 2007)" 16369:"New directions in Gulag studies: a roundtable discussion" 16366: 15463:"Erskine May on Slavery in Britain (Vol. III, Chapter XI)" 12612:

American Negro Slavery and Abolition: A Sociological Study

12478: 10725:(April 1970). "Zamani: a survey of East African history". 9779:

Blaming the Brain: The Truth About Drugs and Mental Health

9184:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. X. 8684: 4691:). This oppression by an elite minority eventually led to 4402:

period of Korea, members of the slave class were known as

4010:

their wills. Slaves were punished by whipping, shackling,

3429:

Slaves embarked to America from 1450 until 1800 by country

2808: 34670: 34547: 27235: 25685: 21795:

The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Antebellum South

19007: 18704: 18594: 18138: 17564: 17513: 17261: 17008:

The Courage of Hopelessness: A Year of Acting Dangerously

16207:

For sources about forced slave labor in GULAG camps, see

15509:

Slavery from Roman times to the Early Transatlantic Trade

13665:"Europeans had Japanese slaves, in case you didn't know…" 13139:

The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A Study of Tʻang Exotics

12942:"Outline of the Senmin system during the Ritsuryo period" 12813:"What Does California Owe Its Incarcerated Firefighters?" 11830: 11267: 11000: 10792: 9316: 9314: 8589: 6554:

prohibited most forms of slavery throughout the country.

6550:, which freed slaves held in the Confederate States; the 5803: 5582:

to the Nile, while dying from exposure and swollen feet.

5181:

Nazi Germany effectively enslaved about 12 million people

4296:, she was publicly executed for murdering her own slave. 4184:, which saves the state as much as $ 100 million a year. 4151:

or have family visitation revoked. From 2010 to 2015 and

3516:

of Virginia, was granted ownership of another black man,

1823: 23048:

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano

19713:

The Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia

19156:

Martin, Michael T.; Wall, David C. (February 19, 2013).

18866:"Benin Officials Apologize for Role in U.S. Slave Trade" 16719: 16717: 16715: 16164:. 127th Annual Meeting American Historical Association. 13537:

Women and Confucianism in Choson Korea: New Perspectives

13512: 13467:

Women and Confucianism in Choson Korea: New Perspectives

13291: 13279: 12983:船田善之《色目人与元代制度、社会 – 重新探讨蒙古、色目、汉人、南人划分的位置》,〈蒙古学信息〉2003年第2期 11365: 10627: 10285:"Kim Jong-un brings back 'pleasure troupe' entertainers" 5980:

isolation, threat, physical force, debt bondage or even

4730:

suggest that the majority were scattered throughout the

4287:: “Slaves and inferior people are legally equivalent to 3870:

around 3 percent, and there is evidence that some women

3291:

Institute for Trafficked, Exploited, and Missing Persons

30:"Slave" and "Slaves" redirect here. For other uses, see 22014:

Contemporary Slavery in the UK: Overview and Key Issues

21882: 19457:"Films about Slavery and the transAtlantic Slave Trade" 19309: 18723: 18721: 16818: 16705: 16703: 16701: 16261:

For sources about life in the Gulag camps, please see:

12837:

Pargas, Damian Alan; Roşu, Felicia (December 7, 2017).

10242:

Sex Trafficking – Inside the Business of Modern Slavery

8947:

The Politics of Property: Labour, Freedom and Belonging

5371:

19th-century engraving depicting an Arab slave-trading

5215:

Workers being forced to haul rocks up a hill in a Gulag

5121:

raiders enslaved more than 1 million Eastern Europeans.

4955:

A British captain witnessing the miseries of slaves in

3793:

beginning in 1625, the economy of Haiti (then known as

27927:

List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents

20979:

Slavery and the British Empire: From Africa to America

17982: 17363:"African migrants sold as 'slaves' for $ 200 in Libya" 16798:"A Mauritanian Abolitionist's Crusade Against Slavery" 16772:"Religion & Ethics – Islam and slavery: Abolition" 16243: 15201: 12302: 12228:. Hansib Publishing (Caribbean) Ltd. pp. 46, 48. 10862: 10517:

Demography, Geography, and the Sources of Roman Slaves

9311: 6997:

Most Hollywood films used American settings, although

6625:

Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade

6588:, which was founded in 1822 for freed American slaves. 4996:. Seventy-five Crimean Tatar raids were recorded into 3540:

to the area. In the mid-16th century, the Spanish New

2154:

with her enslaved servant girl in the mid-19th century

20003:

Gregory, Paul R.; Lazarev, Valery (October 1, 2003).

16712: 15973:"The Crimean Tatars and their Russian-Captive Slaves" 14698:

were an important part of pre-colonial Maori society.

13027:

Man and Land in Chinese History: An Economic Analysis

11149: 11097:. New Delhi: VIJ Books (India) Pty Ltd. p. 453. 9698:"An Idea Not Worth Drafting: Conscription is Slavery" 9360:"Nigeria's young daughters are sold as 'money wives'" 8865:(2020). "Sklave und Slawe" [Slave and Slav]. 8535:"Mauritania: Country Made Slavery Illegal Last Month" 5250: 3172:

and were given certain rights in a system similar to

2068: 2050: 2021: 2015: 2003: 1991: 1976: 1964: 1911:

of a country's economy. In industrialised countries,

1865:(chattel) of the slave owner. In economics, the term 20271:

European Commercial Enterprise in Pre-Colonial India

19571:

Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy

18718: 17049:"27 Million People Said to Live in 'Modern Slavery'" 16698: 16534: 15390:. Vol. II (871–1216) (First ed.). Oxford: 14139:. Vol. 2. Macmillan Reference US. p. 737. 13091:

Memoirs of the Research Department of the Tōyō Bunko

10574:"Slavery and the Slave Trade in Pre-colonial Africa" 10216: 9915: 9438: 8301:

Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery

8254:, the names and details of slaves freed in Medieval 6291:

Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery

4718:'s population, mostly war captives, especially from 2980:, and later to the Americas. These traders captured 2690: 2037: 1447:

Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery

21914: 21451:Berlin, Ira; Favreau, Marc; Miller, Steven (2011). 21450: 16939: 13251:

Opium regimes: China, Britain, and Japan, 1839–1952

12499:

Women and Slavery in the French Antilles, 1635–1848

11635:Mancke, Elizabeth; Shammas, Carole (May 31, 2005). 9927: 9384: 7012:stays surprisingly close to the historical record. 5171:

Forced labour under German rule during World War II

4738: 2033:An alternative contemporary hypothesis states that 37:"Slave master" redirects here. For other uses, see 26887:Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation 23616:Amazing Grace: An Anthology of Poems about Slavery 20422:de Sande, Duarte (2012). Massarella, Derek (ed.). 19485:"Life in the Gulag: A Property Rights Perspective" 17281: 14905: 14563:Cultures of Madagascar: Ebb and Flow of Influences 13852: 12250: 11778: 11221:Wright, John (2007). "Trans-Saharan Slave Trade". 9724:"Nationalized Slavery; A policy Italy should dump" 9477:"Experts encourage action against sex trafficking" 8918: 8801:(in German) (22 ed.). Berlin & New York: 6069:Suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf 5398:as an established institution. Slavery existed in 4123:, which affected primarily African Americans. The 2388: 26404:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 25546:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 20292: 19029:"Obama praises 'historic' Senate slavery apology" 18351:. Itd.nps.gov. September 19, 2015. Archived from 16977:"Child Slaves Abandoned to India's Silk Industry" 16942:"For 15 million in India, a childhood of slavery" 16465:"Ancient Egypt: Slavery, its causes and practice" 15733:Marques, António Henrique R. de Oliveira (1972). 15243: 14491: 14451: 13248:Brook, Timothy; Wakabayashi, Bob Tadashi (2000). 12350: 11681: 10767:. Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis. p. 17. 10133:The Impending Crisis of the South: How to Meet It 9588:"Honor Diaries: Child/Forced Marriage: Factsheet" 9266: 9264: 9262: 8418: 6920:on these possible claims has long since expired. 5010:and African slaves in Córdoba, illustration from 4795:, on the contrary, was widely accepted. In 1452, 4330:, there was a hereditarily servile people called 4225:Slavery existed in ancient China as early as the 3354:indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast 3136:Under Omani Arabs, Zanzibar became East Africa's 2886:, about a third of the population were enslaved. 1919:is a common form of enslavement, such as captive 1846:, and was legal in most societies, but it is now 35581: 32566:United Kingdom and British overseas territories 21524:Terms of Labor: Slavery, Serfdom, and Free Labor 20872: 20293:Raychaudhuri, Tapan; Habib, Irfan, eds. (1982). 19980:. In McKivigan, John R.; Snay, Mitchell (eds.). 19482: 18946:"Livingstone weeps as he apologises for slavery" 16270: 15211:The Old English Penitentials and Anglo-Saxon Law 15132:Postan, Michael Moïssey; Miller, Edward (1987). 13247: 10842:Tannenbaum, Edward R.; Dudley, Guilford (1973). 10841: 9879:The Dreaded Comparison: Human and Animal Slavery 8841:] (in German). Tübingen: Mohr. p. 371. 8436: 5061: 4023:More than one million slaves were sold from the 3733: 3241:These expeditions were typically carried out by 2525:is also known to have suggested such parallels. 1562:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution 25206:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 23570:List of last surviving American enslaved people 20951:Montejo, Esteban (2016). Barnet, Miguel (ed.). 20755:Abolition: A History of Slavery and Antislavery 20098: 20005:The Economics of Forced Labor: The Soviet Gulag 19982:Religion and the Antebellum Debate Over Slavery 19483:Anderson, Gary M.; Tollison, Robert D. (1985). 19282:Screen saviors: Hollywood fictions of whiteness 19062:Nitkin, David; Merritt, Harry (March 2, 2007). 18770: 17122:Pinnell, Owen; Kelly, Jess (November 1, 2019). 16764: 16491:The Ancient Egyptians (Beliefs & Practices) 16266: 15587: 15585: 14941:. Duckworth with the Classical Press of Wales. 14575:De Vestiging der Nederlanders ter Kuste Malabar 14544:Hague, 1960–present), passim; T. Raychaudhuri, 14133:Finkelman, Paul; Miller, Joseph Calder (1998). 14132: 13597: 13595: 12290:. Digital World Library via Library of Congress 12146: 10150:Religion and the Antebellum Debate Over Slavery 9651:"Without Consent: Forced Marriage in Australia" 9409: 8799:Etymologisches Wörterbuch Der Deutschen Sprache 8712:Etymologisches Wörterbuch Der Deutschen Sprache 6977:gave a liberal but ambiguous interpretation of 6584:, born in Virginia, was the first president of 6307: 5920:all critical of the country's record. Forms of 3400:and the alignment of captive slaves during the 3037:Slave labour in East Africa was drawn from the 2471:view government taxation as a form of slavery. 2130:, illustration in an 1853 anti-slavery pamphlet 24688:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 23160:Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo" 21397: 21116:The Slave Systems of Greek and Roman Antiquity 21060:Encyclopedia of Slave Resistance and Rebellion 20002: 18639:"Anti-Slavery International: UNESCO Education" 18103: 18101: 18076:"Lost Daughters – An ongoing tragedy in Nepal" 18046:"Trafficking FAQs – Amnesty International USA" 17880: 17501: 16497: 16237: 16217: 15693: 15408: 14668:Historical Dictionary of Slavery and Abolition 14633: 13722: 13572:Korean National Commission for UNESCO (2004). 13347:Historical Dictionary of Slavery and Abolition 10303:"From private to state slavery and back again" 10104:. History.com. January 4, 2008. Archived from 9259: 8716:Etymological dictionary of the German language 8261:International Day for the Abolition of Slavery 7024:in Spanish) was a 1976 film directed by Cuban 5774:. According to a report published then by the 4609:) had a recognised social role in traditional 4241:confiscated because he killed a female slave”( 3572: 2566:. This enables systems of labour, such as the 32661: 31491: 30136: 28853: 26933: 26510: 25701: 23751: 23652: 22335: 22311: 22178:The Bibliography of Slavery and World Slaving 21548:Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made 20925: 20046:Colonialism: Key Concepts in American History 19064:"A New Twist to an Intriguing Family History" 19061: 18806:"Afrikan Involvement In Atlantic Slave Trade" 18591:"Devon – Abolition – Sailing against slavery" 17923: 16640:. BBC – Religion & Ethics. Archived from 16572: 16021: 15995: 15736:History of Portugal: From Lusitania to empire 14866: 14629: 14627: 14625: 14623: 14599: 14597: 14573:(Trivandrum, 1973); M.A.P. Meilink-Roelofsz, 14377:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 71. 14375:Legacies of slavery: comparative perspectives 14312:Foreigners in Japan: A Historical Perspective 13339: 13337: 13335: 12840:Critical Readings on Global Slavery (4 vols.) 12737:"Why Did So Many Christians Support Slavery?" 12047: 11750:. 33 (The Archaeology of Slavery) (1): 1–17. 11634: 10146: 9403: 8981: 8578: 8430: 8356: 6032: 5519:, reported seeing slaves in Muslim houses in 5375:transporting black African slaves across the 3560: 1941: 1768: 29757: 29537: 26524: 22113:Enslaved: True Stories of Modern Day Slavery 21918:Free and unfree labour: the debate continues 21908: 21565: 20504: 20337:The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery 20015: 19854:Slaves on Screen: Film and Historical Vision 17121: 15728: 15726: 15724: 15582: 15169: 15131: 14843: 14841: 14839: 14475: 13916:Tanegashima – The Arrival of Europe in Japan 13851:Robert Gellately; Ben Kiernan, eds. (2003). 13693: 13592: 12676: 12645: 12414: 12019: 11687: 11475: 11390:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 440. 10884:Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set 10696:. East African Literature Bureau. p. 76 10327: 9410:Chatterjee, Indrani; Eaton, Richard (2006). 9389:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 11–12. 9204: 8638:International Journal of Middle East Studies 8363:Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society 6012:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom 5776:Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) 5417:came from many different regions, including 4464:the Portuguese first made contact with Japan 4403: 4394:period when Korea also experienced multiple 4339: 3843: 3651: 3206: 2848:, and the enslavement of slaves' offspring. 2714: 2704: 2696: 1850:in most countries of the world, except as a 1567:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom 26555:Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention 24904:List of people killed for being transgender 21915:Brass, Tom; van der Linden, Marcel (1997). 21527:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 20538:The Black American in United States History 20099:Lester, David; Krysinska, Karolina (2008). 20070:Korea and East Asia: the story of a Phoenix 19542: 19520: 19004:"Congress Apologizes for Slavery, Jim Crow" 18859: 18857: 18617:"The West African Squadron and slave trade" 18198:The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History 18098: 18007: 17561:"UN: There is hope for Mauritania's slaves" 17484:"The Abolition season on BBC World Service" 17330: 16900:. International Labour Organisation. 2005. 16285: 16056:"Historical survey: Ways of ending slavery" 15037:Change in Official Catholic Moral Teachings 14903: 14782:Slavery in the Late Roman World, AD 275–425 14772: 14503: 14495: 14067:. Bombay: Himalaya Pub. House. p. 18. 14058: 14056: 13805: 13760: 12605: 12603: 12248: 11504: 11502: 11500: 10880: 10809: 10529:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199595167.003.0005 10488: 10486: 10235: 10233: 10231: 10188:Adam Smith and the Virtues of Enlightenment 10147:McKivigan, John R.; Snay, Mitchell (1998). 10075:Lagerlöf, Nils-Petter (November 12, 2006). 9984: 9570:"Two-year-old 'at risk' of forced marriage" 8900:Ditten, Hans (1972). "Kritik an G. Korth". 8743:Full composition of writings. In 30 volumes 8537:. The East African Standard. Archived from 8495: 8493: 8404:"Historical survey: Slave-owning societies" 6810:shared responsibility for the slave trade. 6046: 5778:, no fewer than around 80,000 Uyghurs were 5675:, an estimated 15 million children in 4811: 4803: 4726:. Estimates of the number of slaves in the 4523:after the 11th-century. Slavery existed in 3695:Public flogging of a slave in 19th-century 3657: 3527: 3483:royal laws protecting the native population 2181:Beginning in the 18th century, a series of 2043: 32668: 32654: 32248:International Network of Prison Ministries 31498: 31484: 30143: 30129: 28860: 28846: 26940: 26926: 26517: 26503: 25708: 25694: 23758: 23744: 23659: 23645: 22342: 22328: 22192:University of North Carolina at Greensboro 22088: 21989:Ending Slavery: How We Free Today's Slaves 21112: 20358: 19278: 19243: 19155: 18727: 18163: 17960: 17414:"Libya exposed as child migrant abuse hub" 17349:"African migrants 'sold in slave markets'" 16279: 16124: 15833: 15805:Africa's Discovery of Europe: 1450 to 1850 15414: 15207: 14939:Foreigners at Rome: Citizens and Strangers 14620: 14594: 14275:Nature and Origins of Japanese Imperialism 13534:Kim, Youngmin; Pettid, Michael J. (2011). 13464:Kim, Youngmin; Pettid, Michael J. (2011). 13332: 12836: 12312:[Public Domain – Basic Research]. 11638:The Creation of the British Atlantic World 11607: 11006: 10937: 9775: 8728: 6039: 6025: 4627: 3742:West Central African ports, especially in 3512:, where the court ruled that a black man, 2383:commercial sexual exploitation of children 1775: 1761: 28669:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act 26374:Interminority racism in the United States 23584:Cotton Plantation Record and Account Book 22217:The West African Squadron and slave trade 21857: 21802: 21053: 20702:The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture 20386: 20330: 20295:The Cambridge Economic History of India I 20043: 19921: 19508: 18226:Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition 17936:National Changhua University of Education 17591:"Anti-slavery law still tough to enforce" 17147: 17098: 16658:(2020). Abdulhadi-Sukhtian, Nadia (ed.). 16482: 16399: 16322: 16249: 16208: 15721: 15482: 15388:The Oxford History of the Laws of England 15309: 15010:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 35. 14836: 13897: 13533: 13463: 13326: 13123: 12962: 12457:The Caribbean Slave: A Biological History 12142: 12140: 12112: 11514:"Opinion | Ending the Slavery Blame-Game" 11478:"The impact of the slave trade on Africa" 11416: 11414: 11383: 11180: 11178: 10660: 9853: 9453: 9091: 9085: 8835:Deutsches Etymologisches Rechtswörterbuch 8735:Polnoye sobraniye sochineniy. V 30 tomakh 8649: 8631: 8398: 8396: 8394: 8392: 8390: 8388: 8386: 6508:slavery in the Spanish New World colonies 5562:and Khiva included about 900,000 slaves. 5103:horsemen and sold in the Crimean port of 2603:, especially given Smith's belief in the 2450: 32074:Mentally ill people in the United States 29745: 28513:Job losses caused by the Great Recession 27190:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates 24015:Social determinants of health in poverty 23565:Treatment of slaves in the United States 23339:Ama: A Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade 22653:(1766 Saint-Dominque – June 30, 1853 NY) 21737: 21709: 21695: 21541: 21517: 21471: 21140: 21025: 20873:Hogendorn, Jan; Johnson, Marion (2003). 20830:Slavery in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 20751: 20601: 20472: 20421: 20305: 20211: 19930: 19903: 19788: 19759: 19730: 19709: 19279:Vera, Hernán; Gordon, Andrew M. (2003). 19086: 18854: 18483: 18444: 18380:. Paris: UNESCO Publishing. p. vi. 18288:. Rutgers University Press. p. 84. 18152:British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society 18109:"US State Department Trafficking report" 18013: 17387: 16660:Work and Customs in Palestine, volume II 16289:Illness and Inhumanity in Stalin's Gulag 16262: 16027: 15870: 15801: 15687: 15505: 15457: 15455: 15086: 14487: 14233: 14171: 14167: 14053: 13518: 13506: 13409: 13297: 13285: 12992: 12682: 12628:Scholastic Encyclopedia of the Civil War 12600: 12484: 12386: 12281: 12074: 12053: 12015: 11966: 11497: 11433: 11371: 11012: 10868: 10756: 10754: 10689: 10483: 10406:"Determining the Legal Rights of Slaves" 10381: 10228: 10184: 10074: 9921: 9870: 9541: 8861: 8532: 8490: 8466: 8464: 6944: 6576: 6565: 6461: 6303: 6281:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery 6194:Convention of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1919 6104:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90 5713:released a report on slavery. It placed 5693:, the total control of workers in Asian 5659: 5635: 5529: 5479: 5366: 5285:Illness and Inhumanity in Stalin's Gulag 5210: 5160: 5113: 5002: 4950: 4945:Colliers and Salters (Scotland) Act 1775 4760: 4645: 4585:showed that 6% of the population in the 4367: 4202: 4111:In 1865, the United States ratified the 4066: 3935: 3811: 3799: 3705: 3690: 3628: 3588: 3576: 3423: 3183: 3161:puts the figure as high as ten to one." 3128:slave traders and their captives on the 3120: 3082: 2919: 2807: 2663: 2647: 2639: 2619: 2581: 2331: 2231:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery 2145: 2133: 2122: 1879: 1572:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf 1437:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery 1417:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90 28694:Credentialism and educational inflation 26769:Right to an adequate standard of living 21886:American Negro Slavery: A Modern Reader 21766: 21373: 21337: 21169: 20950: 20926:Miers, Suzanne; Kopytoff, Igor (1979). 20612: 20267: 20236: 20198: 19690: 19599:(2nd ed.). Santa Barbara, Calif.: 19516:. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing. 19087:Akhalbey, Francis (November 15, 2019). 18976: 18803: 18728:Belardelli, Giulia (December 2, 2014). 18489: 18450: 18373: 17202: 17156:from the original on September 26, 2013 16898:A Global Alliance Against Forced Labour 16600: 16503: 16274: 15964: 15936: 15908: 15732: 15694:Goodman, Joan E.; McNeely, Tom (2001). 15591: 15536: 15485:"Slavery In The Coal-Mines Of Scotland" 15483:Barrowman, James (September 14, 1897). 15170:Boyce Davies, Carole Elizabeth (2008). 14996: 14709: 14483: 14479: 14309: 14214: 14136:Macmillan encyclopedia of world slavery 13950: 13632: 13601: 13529: 13527: 13428:. Institute for Modern Korean Studies, 13135: 12986: 12651: 12624: 12515: 12214: 12185: 12159: 12132: 12060:. ReadHowYouWant.com. pp. 286–87. 11439: 11235: 11214: 11184: 10717: 10715: 9876: 9833: 9035: 9002:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.7311 8916: 8533:Corrigan, Terence (September 6, 2007). 6552:13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution 6510:was the Spanish missionary and bishop, 5878:. Child migrants suffer from abuse and 5605: 5153:was abolished in the mid-14th century. 5053:in places such as Algeria and Morocco. 2128:Flogging a slave fastened to the ground 14: 35582: 32327:Prison Officers' Association (Ireland) 28565:List of countries by unemployment rate 26570:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment 26446:Sociology of race and ethnic relations 23502:Frederick Douglass and the White Negro 23323:Queen: The Story of an American Family 23243:Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp 22130: 21964:Understanding Global Slavery: A Reader 21791: 21670: 21647: 21619: 21425: 21235: 21206: 21000: 20975: 20847: 20826: 20801: 20640: 20535: 19978:"Slavery and the Evangelical Movement" 19975: 19874: 19828:Popular Controversies in World History 19825: 19800: 19767:Women and Slavery: The Modern Atlantic 19625: 19418: 19212: 18414:French Politics, Culture & Society 18405: 18252: 18129: 17963:"Officials divided on sex slave issue" 17662:from the original on February 27, 2014 17652:"VII. Conclusions and Recommendations" 17507: 17255: 17148:Pattisson, Pete (September 25, 2013). 17067: 16920: 16654: 16225: 16221: 16028:Forsythe, David P. (August 27, 2009). 15935:Darjusz Kołodziejczyk, as reported by 15627: 15385: 15087:Singer, Isido Singer; Jacobs, Joseph. 15002: 14961: 14872: 14778: 14373:Dias, Maria Suzette Fernandes (2007). 14271: 14187: 14065:Slavery in Portuguese India, 1510–1842 13988: 13694:Hertel, Ralf; Keevak, Michael (2017). 13421: 13209: 13166: 12779: 12490: 12420: 12257:. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 12226:Barbados: Just Beyond Your Imagination 12191: 12137: 12124: 12116: 12108: 11940: 11784: 11423:The Cambridge World History of Slavery 11411: 11321:"Remembering East African slave raids" 11220: 11175: 10975: 10969: 10514: 10492: 10403: 10222: 10126: 10120: 9749: 9695: 9278: 9276: 9154: 9066: 8899: 8875:] (in German). Bright Star Books. 8825: 8499: 8383: 8325: 7539:Queen: The Story of an American Family 6927:presented a report at an event at the 6876:United States House of Representatives 5347:History of slavery in the Muslim world 4988:. Eastern Europe suffered a series of 2893:, black Africans were included in the 34760: 32889: 32687: 32649: 31479: 30124: 29744: 29101: 28841: 26921: 26498: 25689: 23739: 23640: 23275:Roots: The Saga of an American Family 23104:Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl 22540:(c. 1745 Nigeria – 31 March 1797 Eng) 22323: 22310: 22235:. Discovery Education. Archived from 22219:, history of the Victorian Royal Navy 22010: 21985: 21960: 21935: 21492: 21340:European Journal of Law and Economics 21314: 21238:The Slavonic and East European Review 21081: 20904:Muslim Slave System in Medieval India 20723: 20695: 20340:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, Calif: 20149: 19956: 19877:The Slavonic and East European Review 19848: 19662: 19592: 19564: 19383: 19371: 19359: 19138: 19112: 18937: 18411: 18311: 18281: 17411: 17288:Australian Strategic Policy Institute 17174: 17001: 16884: 16540: 16521:"Slaves and Slavery in Ancient Egypt" 16512: 16504:Everett, Susanne (October 24, 2011). 16488: 16104:"Nazi slave fund passes final hurdle" 15911:"Servile Labor in the Ottoman Empire" 15839: 15677:"British Slaves on the Barbary Coast" 15452: 15291: 15253:AEthelstan: The First King of England 15030: 14664: 14603: 14565:(Leiden, 1995). See also M.O. Koshy, 14532:Journal of the Burma Research Society 14528:Journal of the Burma Research Society 14334: 14175: 14104:Leite, José Roberto Teixeira (1999). 14103: 14091: 14080:Chinese there were employed as cooks. 14062: 14031:Leite, José Roberto Teixeira (1999). 14030: 13912: 13343: 13119: 13054: 12785:"Small Truth Papering Over a Big Lie" 12686:(1999). "Transatlantic Slave Trade". 12609: 12571: 12496: 12453: 12128: 12088:. US History Publishers. p. 76. 12086:Virginia: A Guide to the Old Dominion 11892: 11614:. Pearson Education. pp. 76–78. 11508: 11456: 11420: 11120: 10760: 10751: 10630:The Image of the Black in Western Art 10571: 10363:from the original on February 5, 2017 10282: 10029: 9895:and its various interpretations, see 9621:"Forced marriages rampant in Ontario" 9618: 9542:Sullivan, Kevin (December 26, 2008). 9439:Dandamayev, M. A.; Barda; Bardadārī. 9320: 8943: 8789: 8759: 8738:Полное собрание сочинений. В 30 томах 8702: 8690: 8559: 8461: 8424: 7440:Roots: The Saga of an American Family 6836:The issue of an apology is linked to 6719:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 6711:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 6520:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves 6084:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention 6020: 5487:saw Europeans dragged to that empire. 4482:Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98) 4452:Imperial Japanese occupation of Korea 3473:) and was present at the massacre of 2260:The last country to abolish slavery, 2233:in 1934–1939. By the time of the UN 1459:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention 1136:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea 32629: 31460: 30150: 27458:Practice-based professional learning 26469: 25670: 24710:Capital punishment for homosexuality 24020:Social determinants of mental health 23120:Life and Times of Frederick Douglass 22615:(1783 England – 1821 United States) 22349: 22169:Slavery in America: A Resource Guide 22109: 22089:Nazer, Mende; Lewis, Damien (2009). 22049: 22020:. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. 21551:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 21277: 21256: 20776: 20554: 20177: 18977:Coslett, Paul (September 24, 2014). 18958:from the original on January 7, 2020 18943: 18863: 18830: 18536: 18123: 18014:Bradford, Laurence (July 23, 2013). 17874: 17774:from the original on October 6, 2014 16848: 16568:– via The Lost Museum Archive. 16518: 16493:. Sussex Academic Press. p. 91. 16426: 16407:"Mesopotamia: The Code of Hammurabi" 16157: 16084:(in Swedish). 1920. pp. 159–160 15767:Black Africans In Renaissance Europe 15763: 15566:. Trivia-library.com. Archived from 15249: 14873:Joshel, Sandra R. (August 6, 2010). 14847: 14507: 14499: 14414:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 14407: 14372: 13524: 13374: 13023: 12974:杉山正明《忽必烈的挑战》，社会科学文献出版社，2013年，第44–46頁 12810: 12546: 11743: 11550:"The Transatlantic Slave Trade]" 11547: 11459:Give Me Liberty: An American History 11250:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim030170256 11090: 10737:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a096007 10721: 10712: 10470: 10439: 10239: 9247:. The Feminist Sexual Ethics Project 8839:German Etymological Legal Dictionary 8562:"One in 200 people is a slave. Why?" 8500:Okeowo, Alexis (September 8, 2014). 6504:Spanish colonization of the Americas 5133:, slaves were usually classified as 5079:(a Muslim Tatar state) maintained a 4303:were enslaved in the process of the 3996:prohibited the importation of slaves 3944:of slaves being driven on foot from 3169: 3057:(also known as Basara), against the 2374:") revolves around illegal control. 2221:and the United Nations, such as the 2196:Chattel slavery survived longest in 1861:, the slave is legally rendered the 1651:Slave marriages in the United States 1255:Human trafficking in the Middle East 28011:Workers' right to access the toilet 25859:Discrimination based on nationality 24830:Genital modification and mutilation 22188:Digital Library on American Slavery 21858:Vorenberg, Michael (May 21, 2001). 20897: 20101:"Suicide in the Soviet Gulag Camps" 20066: 19672:(2nd revised ed.). Hong Kong: 19626:Barnes, Steven A. (April 4, 2011). 19213:Stokes, Melvyn (January 15, 2008). 18919:"Virginia 'sorry' for slavery role" 18893:"Blair 'sorry' for UK slavery role" 18665:"Home Page | Agrarian Studies" 17924:Huang Rongwen (February 10, 2022). 17909:. November 20, 2018. Archived from 17883:"Debt Bondage in Space, and Taiwan" 17881:Peter Bengtsen (October 31, 2023). 17434:. February 28, 2017. Archived from 16429:The Encyclopedia of Ancient History 16316: 15970: 15652: 15434:"The Saxon Slave-Market in Bristol" 15332: 14936: 14818:"Resisting Slavery in Ancient Rome" 13115: 12993:Williams, R. Owen (November 2006). 12631:. Scholastic Reference. p. 8. 12310:"Domínio Público – Pesquisa Básica" 12220: 12149:Handbook to Life in the Aztec World 11041:. History-world.org. Archived from 11018: 10976:Bagley, H. R. C. (August 1, 1997). 10881:Shillington, Kevin (July 4, 2013). 10795:. September 3, 2001. Archived from 10683: 10328:Lockhart, James; Schwartz, Stuart. 10077:"Slavery and other property rights" 9750:Machan, Tibor R. (April 13, 2000). 9663:from the original on June 13, 2015. 9619:Black, Debra (September 20, 2013). 9469: 9302: 9273: 9069:Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology 9036:Bradley, Keith (November 2, 2020). 5770:minority for forced labour, inside 5200: 4521:Muslim domination of northern India 3295:Slavery in colonial Spanish America 3226:, another four million through the 3194:National Museum of American History 2988:) from the interior in present-day 2744:A combination of these include the 2309:where a female can be coerced into 1842:, slavery was a typical feature of 1834:to pay a debt or earn money due to 990:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia 24: 29103: 29102: 23765: 23459:The Escape; or, A Leap for Freedom 23331:Hang a Thousand Trees with Ribbons 22609:(c. 1710 Portugal – 1734 Montreal) 22562:Nunzio Otello Francesco Gioacchino 22268:Slave Ships and the Middle Passage 21813:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism 21721:University of South Carolina Press 21367: 21119:. American Philosophical Society. 20876:The Shell Money of the Slave Trade 20827:Greene, Jacqueline Dembar (2001). 20780:Slavery and Empire in Central Asia 20651:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism 20619:Empire of Cotton: A Global History 20596: 19889:10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.90.4.0735 19669:Fidalgos in the Far East 1550–1770 18808:. Africawithin.com. Archived from 18469:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1994.tb01322.x 18082:. December 5, 2008. Archived from 17799:Missionary Society of St. Columban 17742:from the original on July 14, 2014 17535:"Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law" 17458:"Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law" 17099:Sebastian, Clare (July 30, 2018). 17025:from the original on July 27, 2020 16921:Fortin, Jacey (January 16, 2013). 16508:. Chartwell Books. pp. 10–11. 15311:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2007.00401_3.x 14665:Klein, Martin A. (2014). "Maori". 14637:Islam and the Abolition of Slavery 13886:Hideyoshi korean slaves guns silk. 13383:. Institute of Economic Research, 12198:University of North Carolina Press 12169:. Discover Jamaica. Archived from 11899:Northern Illinois University Press 11476:M'bokolo, Elikia (April 1, 1998). 11297:. October 17, 2002. Archived from 10661:Mohaiemen, Naeem (July 27, 2004). 10515:Harris, W. V. (February 3, 2011). 10404:Pollak, Michael (March 28, 2014). 9736:. Refers to both the military and 9696:Krembs, Peter (January 20, 2003). 9593:. Honordiaries.com. Archived from 9550:from the original on June 12, 2018 9479:. November 2, 2009. Archived from 9284:"Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law" 8933:from the original on May 21, 2015. 8632:Jankowiak, Marek (February 2017). 8608: 8592:. January 30, 2007. Archived from 5628:Illegal immigration § Slavery 5223:created a system of, according to 4561: 4441:in 1775, and he and his successor 3889:government allowed some rights to 3334:of Texas, also practiced slavery. 3065:region and areas further south in 2782:the extirpation of slavery in 1865 2528: 2424: 2118: 1644:last survivors of American slavery 25: 35626: 32688: 31505: 26690:Right to refuse medical treatment 23560:Songs of the Underground Railroad 23520:Abolitionism in the United States 23028:(c. 1795 Nigeria – ? Brazil) 22659:(c. 1819 – ???, Puerto Rico) 22223:Slavery and the Making of America 22157: 22140:Black Rednecks and White Liberals 21602: 21143:Economic and Industrial Democracy 21113:Westermann, William Linn (1955). 20180:Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 19638: 19596:New slavery: a reference handbook 18831:Ball, Jeremy R. (November 2003), 18312:Foner, Eric (December 30, 2007). 17690:from the original on July 7, 2014 17632:from the original on July 2, 2014 17412:Adams, Paul (February 28, 2017). 17203:Helmore, Edward (July 19, 2018). 17068:DeLuca, Matthew (June 19, 2013). 16862:. October 4, 2013. Archived from 16830:International Labour Organization 16127:"Forced Labour under Third Reich" 16125:Beyer, John; Schneider, Stephan. 15506:Phillips, William D. Jr. (1985). 15292:Goose, Nigel (October 18, 2007). 15111:"Slavery Encyclopedia of Ukraine" 14965:The American Journal of Philology 14569:(New Delhi, 1989); K.K. Kusuman, 14240:(illustrated, reprint ed.). 13995:(illustrated, reprint ed.). 13992:The memory palace of Matteo Ricci 13633:Hoffman, Michael (May 26, 2013). 13375:Rhee, Young-hoon; Yang, Donghyu. 12715:"Social Aspects of the Civil War" 12692:. New York: Basic Civitas Books. 12549:"The Birth of Race-Based Slavery" 12011: 10690:Ochiengʼ, William Robert (1975). 10351:"One day we will start a big war" 9891:For sources about the concept of 9806: 9718: 9677:. reliefweb.int. November 9, 2004 8361:. In Schaefer, Richard T. (ed.). 8357:Baker-Kimmons, Leslie C. (2008). 6121:African Slave Trade Patrol (U.S.) 5443:and Eastern Europe (mainly Slavs 5301:legacies in contemporary Russia. 5268:, after which he was awarded the 5075:Until the late 18th century, the 4519:. Slavery intensified during the 4071:Slaves on a Virginia plantation ( 3481:population had spurred the first 3118:by an Anglo-Dutch fleet in 1816. 2691:Private versus state-owned slaves 2635: 2204:had been suppressed, the ancient 605:Field slaves in the United States 472:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate 32628: 32617: 32616: 31459: 31450: 31449: 30332:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 30105: 30104: 28867: 28782: 28781: 28075:Corporate collapses and scandals 26478: 26468: 26459: 26458: 25669: 25660: 25659: 25309:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 25146:Law for Protection of the Nation 25046:White genocide conspiracy theory 23608:Slave Songs of the United States 23112:The Underground Railroad Records 23022:(? Puerto Rico – 1555 Venezuela) 21409:University of Pennsylvania Press 21318:Journal of Comparative Economics 20555:Vink, Markus P. M. (June 1998). 19760:Campbell, Gwyn; Miers, Suzanne; 19731:Campbell, Gwyn; Miers, Suzanne; 19449: 19412: 19377: 19303: 19272: 19237: 19206: 19149: 19132: 19106: 19080: 19055: 19021: 18996: 18970: 18911: 18885: 18824: 18797: 18764: 18742: 18693: 18657: 18631: 18609: 18583: 18557: 18530: 18367: 18341: 18305: 18275: 18246: 18190: 18157: 18068: 18052:. March 30, 2007. Archived from 18038: 17954: 17917: 17893: 17846: 17818: 17786: 17754: 17722: 17674: 17644: 17611: 17583: 17567:. March 17, 2012. Archived from 17553: 17527: 17476: 17450: 17424: 17405: 17381: 17373:. April 12, 2017. Archived from 17355: 17341: 17324: 17306: 17275: 17249: 17224: 17196: 17175:Booth, Robert (March 24, 2016). 17168: 17141: 17115: 17092: 17061: 17041: 16995: 16969: 16933: 16914: 16890: 16790: 16726: 16676: 16648: 16630: 16594: 16546: 16519:Dunn, Jimmy (October 24, 2011). 16489:David, Rosalie (April 1, 1998). 16457: 16441:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah15006 16420: 16360: 16340: 16255: 16231: 16201: 16171: 16151: 16118: 16096: 16070: 16048: 15989: 15929: 15921:. pp. 25–43. Archived from 15902: 15864: 15795: 15757: 15669: 15646: 15621: 15556: 15530: 15499: 15476: 15426: 15379: 15349: 15345:. p. 63. GGKEY:HYPAY3GPAA5. 15326: 15285: 15163: 15125: 15103: 15080: 15054: 15024: 14955: 14930: 14897: 14810: 14746: 14703: 14658: 14584: 14577:(The Hague, 1943); H. Terpstra, 14551: 14537: 14512: 14469: 14408:Levi, Scott C. (November 2002). 14401: 14391: 14366: 14328: 14303: 14265: 14234:Kitagawa, Joseph Mitsuo (2013). 14227: 14208: 14181: 14161: 14126: 14097: 14085: 14024: 13982: 13944: 13906: 13891: 13844: 13799: 13754: 13716: 13687: 13657: 13626: 13565: 13457: 13415: 13368: 13241: 13210:Lipman, Jonathan Neaman (2004). 13203: 13160: 13129: 13109: 13079: 13048: 13017: 12977: 12968: 12934: 12891: 12861: 12830: 12804: 12773: 12755: 12729: 12707: 12618: 12540: 12509: 12447: 12431:. pp. 28–31. Archived from 12380: 12320: 12275: 12242: 12147:Agurilar-Moreno, Manuel (2006). 12102: 12025: 12005: 11960: 11934: 11916: 11886: 11868: 11850: 11818: 11737: 11712: 11659: 11628: 11601: 11567: 11541: 11469: 11450: 11377: 11339: 11313: 11281: 11256: 11229: 11185:Carroll, Rory (March 11, 2004). 11121:Davis, R. (September 16, 2003). 11114: 11084: 11057: 10845:A History of World Civilizations 10387:Colonialism in Africa, 1870–1914 9740:requirements of Italy as slavery 9241:"Traditional or Chattel Slavery" 8526: 8225: 8213: 8170: 8122: 8110: 8068: 8026: 8014: 7973: 7934: 7893: 7851: 7813: 7801: 7761: 7749: 7712: 7671: 7659: 7615: 7573: 7525: 7474: 7426: 7369: 7320: 7276: 7223: 7183: 7141: 7095: 6089:Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880 5588:Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880 5355:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate 5351:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate 5281:"violence of human exploitation" 5231:", slave labor camps called the 4777:Slavery in early medieval Europe 4739:Medieval and early modern Europe 4437:implemented a policy of gradual 3963:. Slavery had been practiced in 3948:, Virginia to Tennessee in 1850. 3931: 3386: 3375: 3059:slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate 3047:slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate 2891:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor 2685: 2474:"Slavery" has been used by some 2340: 2271: 2138:A poster for a slave auction in 1899:more than 50% of slaves provide 1811: 482:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate 477:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate 306:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate 76: 32398:Countries by incarceration rate 32311:Prison Fellowship International 26479: 25151:MSM blood donation restrictions 24899:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 22988:(19th century Indian Territory) 22962:(1766 Saint-Dominque – 1853 NY) 21792:Stampp, Kenneth Milton (1969). 21716:Life and Labor in the Old South 21674:Slavery: History And Historians 21650:Slavery: History and Historians 21093:University Press of New England 21063:. Vol. 2. Westport, Conn: 20508:Journal of Early Modern History 20473:Saunders, A.C. de C.M. (1982). 20237:Prakash, Om (January 1, 1985). 19475: 19316:Black American Literature Forum 19035:. June 19, 2009. Archived from 16611:Journal of Early Modern History 15602:Journal of Early Modern History 15256:. The English Monarchs Series. 14492:Raychaudhuri & Habib (1982) 12421:Farmer, Paul (April 15, 2004). 12334:(in Portuguese). Archived from 11970:The Journal of Economic History 11159:. Research News. Archived from 11031: 10905: 10874: 10835: 10803: 10781: 10654: 10621: 10591: 10572:Perbi, Akosua (April 5, 2001). 10565: 10508: 10464: 10433: 10397: 10375: 10343: 10321: 10295: 10283:Ryall, Julian (April 2, 2015). 10276: 10262: 10178: 10140: 10094: 10068: 10033:The Journal of Economic History 10023: 9988:The Journal of Economic History 9978: 9949: 9885: 9827: 9800: 9769: 9743: 9712: 9689: 9667: 9643: 9612: 9580: 9562: 9535: 9521:"Campaign Page: Child Soldiers" 9513: 9487: 9447: 9432: 9412:Slavery and South Asian History 9378: 9352: 9326: 9233: 9198: 9173: 9148: 9125: 9060: 9029: 8982:Keith Bradley (March 7, 2016). 8975: 8937: 8910: 8893: 8855: 8819: 8783: 8753: 8722: 8696: 8674:"The international slave trade" 8666: 8625: 6941:List of films featuring slavery 6707:United Nations General Assembly 6631:. British Member of Parliament 6457: 6136:Eastern Naval Division (Brazil) 6109:Brussels Conference Act of 1890 6010:For a chronological guide, see 5999: 5870:Women are often raped, used as 5704: 5600:Saudi Arabia's slave population 5359:Slavery in the Mamluk Sultanate 5156: 4757:Slavery in the Byzantine Empire 4416:classes) other than the ruling 4271:Southern and Northern Dynasties 4244:Han dynasty records in DongGuan 4187: 3027:Encyclopedia of African History 2763: 2389:Child soldiers and child labour 2227:Committee of Experts on Slavery 1903:, usually in the factories and 1432:Committee of Experts on Slavery 983:East, Southeast, and South Asia 27:Ownership of people as property 29746: 28575:Employment-to-population ratio 27947:Occupational health psychology 26947: 26902:Sexual and reproductive health 26799:Right to a healthy environment 26364:Go back to where you came from 25164:(as religious or racial quota) 23670:relationships and institutions 23592:Slave-Trading in the Old South 22646:(c. 1788 Bermuda – after 1833) 21994:University of California Press 21969:University of California Press 21767:Sellers, James Benson (1994). 21401:; Rockman, Seth, eds. (2016). 19910:The American Historical Review 19794:Kolyma: The Arctic Death Camps 19576:University of California Press 19244:Morsberger, Robert E. (1977). 18944:Muir, Hugh (August 24, 2007). 18773:Topics in West African history 17735:Christian Solidarity Worldwide 17683:World Report 2014: North Korea 17508:Sutter, John D. (March 2012). 17256:Tutton, Mark (July 19, 2018). 17011:. Melville House. p. 29. 16271:Anderson & Tollison (1985) 14974:Johns Hopkins University Press 14634:Clarence-Smith, W. G. (2006). 14610:Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia 13959:University of California Press 13671:. May 10, 2007. Archived from 13425:Views on Korean social history 13256:University of California Press 13218:University of Washington Press 13144:University of California Press 11791:University of California Press 11643:Johns Hopkins University Press 11091:Syed, Muzaffar Husain (2011). 10693:Eastern Kenya and Its Invaders 10440:Ober, Josiah (June 26, 2018). 9385:Sleightholme; Indrani (1996). 8917:Waldman, Katy (May 19, 2015). 8553: 8350: 8319: 6897: 6791:law, recognizing slavery as a 5970: 5961: 5897: 5671:According to a 2003 report by 5616:Slavery in contemporary Africa 5527:and Cairo in as late as 1909. 5340: 5041:, in a subsequent attack upon 2660:, issued between 1845 and 1849 2652:Barefooted slaves depicted in 2562:, in which output depended on 2150:Portrait of an older woman in 2088: 1960:which ultimately derives from 1832:voluntarily enter into slavery 1131:Slave raiding in Easter Island 13: 1: 35164:Traditional African religions 32675: 28663:Works Progress Administration 28555:Unemployment Convention, 1919 27967:Personal protective equipment 27515:Occupational Outlook Handbook 26819:Right to public participation 25578:Second-generation gender bias 25294:Constitutional colorblindness 24010:Social determinants of health 23267:The Confessions of Nat Turner 23232: 23225: 23056:The Narrative of Robert Adams 22470: 22162: 22136:"The Real History of Slavery" 21472:Blackmon, Douglas A. (2012). 20959:Northwestern University Press 20934:University of Wisconsin Press 20268:Prakash, Om (June 28, 1998). 18979:"Liverpool's slavery apology" 18374:Dorigny, Marcel, ed. (2003). 16385:10.1080/00085006.2017.1384665 16267:Lester & Krysinska (2008) 16092:– via Project Runeberg. 15946:The Journal of Jewish Studies 15743:. pp. 158–160, 362–370. 14904:Santosuosso, Antonio (2001). 13172:"The History of Civilization" 12811:Lowe, Jaime (July 27, 2021). 12610:Moore, Wilbert Ellis (1980). 11671:University of Texas at Austin 11384:Veenhoven, Willem A. (1977). 11067:The Last Great Muslim Empires 10979:The Last Great Muslim Empires 10185:Griswold, Charles L. (1999). 10136:. New York: Burdick Brothers. 9841:British Journal of Psychiatry 9462:. pp. 1640–1645 (1642). 8472:"Slavery in the 21st century" 8312: 6929:University of the West Indies 6497: 6444:World Anti-Slavery Convention 5885: 5554:centred in the Central Asian 5388: 5363:Slavery in the Ottoman Empire 4883:'s laws dealt with slaves in 4830:were the destinations, while 4770:Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia 4507: 4102:Confederate States of America 4078: 4000:plantations in the Deep South 3920:of 1804, the only successful 3633:Funeral at slave plantation, 2924:13th-century slave market in 2669: 2624:Sale and inspection of slaves 2316: 39:Slave Master (disambiguation) 34761: 32290:Prison Advice and Care Trust 28744:Psychopathy in the workplace 27917:Human factors and ergonomics 26839:Right to science and culture 23600:Sarah Johnson's Mount Vernon 23555:Slavery in the United States 22912:Greensbury Washington Offley 21501:University Press of Kentucky 21496:Black Southerners, 1619–1869 21135:Journal articles and reviews 20205:Personal Research Collection 20178:Love, Henry Davison (1913). 20108:Archives of Suicide Research 19550:. Brookfield, VT: Variorum. 19113:Brown, Kim (July 10, 2023). 18750:"Routes of Enslaved Peoples" 18492:The Journal of Negro History 17150:"Qatar's World Cup 'slaves'" 16927:International Business Times 16638:"Sexual slavery – the harem" 16431:. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: 16238:Gregory & Lazarev (2003) 16218:Gregory & Lazarev (2003) 16183:Facing History and Ourselves 16031:Encyclopedia of Human Rights 16010:. p. 27. Archived from 15214:. Studies in Legal History. 14756:. Dl.ket.org. Archived from 14604:Bowie, Katherine A. (1996). 14459:"Windows – Slice of history" 14237:Religion in Japanese History 13989:Spence, Jonathan D. (1985). 13723:Michael Weiner, ed. (2004). 13605:Women's Studies Encyclopedia 12054:Billings, Warren M. (2009). 9071:. Viking Press. p. 71. 8560:Hodal, Kate (May 31, 2016). 8474:. Newint.org. Archived from 8266:International Slavery Museum 6778: 6670: 6269:Temporary Slavery Commission 5864:Sub-Saharan African migrants 5862:, Libyans started capturing 5732:In the preparations for the 5495:. In the Ottoman capital of 5413:Historically, slaves in the 5277:"other forms of slave labor" 5227:and the "perspective of the 4198: 3953:Slavery in the United States 3850:("Black Code"), prepared by 3769:started with the arrival of 3758:Brazil in the 21st century. 3303:Slavery in the United States 3132:in East Africa, 19th century 2940:were transported across the 2533: 2223:Temporary Slavery Commission 2081: 2075: 2063: 2057: 2010: 1998: 1983: 1971: 1934: 1869:describes the conditions of 1422:Temporary Slavery Commission 1083:Slavery in the Mongol Empire 7: 34492:Food and drink prohibitions 32890: 28729:Narcissism in the workplace 27942:Occupational exposure limit 26665:Right to keep and bear arms 26575:Freedom from discrimination 25489:Medical model of disability 25341:Hate speech laws by country 23624:The Hemingses of Monticello 23525:African-American literature 22297:at the Walk Free Foundation 21815:. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 21775:University of Alabama Press 21605:"Slavery Facts & Myths" 21009:University Press of Florida 20653:. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 20212:Millward, James A. (1998). 20044:Kozlowski, Darrell (2010). 19986:University of Georgia Press 19422:Journal of American History 19310:Worthington-Smith, Hammet; 19158:The Politics of Cine-Memory 18500:University of Chicago Press 17961:Max Hirsch (May 23, 2007). 17510:"Slavery's last stronghold" 17351:. BBC News. April 11, 2017. 16684:"The Freeing of the Slaves" 16286:Alexopoulos, Golfo (2017). 16158:Steinert, Johannes-Dieter. 15879:University of Toronto Press 15514:Manchester University Press 15298:The Economic History Review 15113:. Encyclopediaofukraine.com 14724:10.7767/zrgra.1957.74.1.403 13136:Schafer, Edward H. (1963). 12660:University of Chicago Press 12652:McInnis, Maurie D. (2011). 12625:Clinton, Catherine (1999). 12580:University of Florida Press 12572:Smith, Julia Floyd (1973). 12282:Mentelle, Simon M. (1777). 12153:California State University 11575:"Nigeria – The Slave Trade" 11242:University of Chicago Press 10813:; Tordoff, William (2001). 10477:University of Georgia Press 10155:University of Georgia Press 9776:Valenstein, Elliot (2002). 9527:. June 2001. Archived from 8989:Oxford Classical Dictionary 8244: 6785:National Assembly of France 6755:American Anti-Slavery Group 6679:, was formed in Britain by 6660:encouraging other countries 6592: 6286:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery 6116:West Africa Squadron (U.K.) 5936:sector and forced labor in 5904:Human rights in North Korea 5632:Slavery in the 21st century 5331:aside from the introduction 5251: 5219:Between 1930 and 1960, the 4404: 4284:The commentary of Tang Code 4159:, some prisoners in the US 3726:first Portuguese settlement 3573:English and Dutch Caribbean 3418:, and numerous rebellions. 3272: 2715: 2705: 2697: 2313:in order to pay off debts. 2235:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery 2107:). Other historians prefer 1442:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery 487:Volga Bulgarian slave trade 10: 35631: 32622:Imprisonment and detention 31550:Stanford prison experiment 31344:African diaspora religions 30468:Indigenous Black Canadians 28952:Weberian (three-component) 28658:Civil Works Administration 28540:Technological unemployment 28016:Workplace health promotion 27468:Professional certification 27165:Personality–job fit theory 25715: 25598:Social model of disability 24065:Discrimination against men 23440:A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin 22546:(c. 1705 Bornu – 1775 Eng) 22362:Slave Narrative Collection 21961:Bales, Kevin, ed. (2005). 21866:Cambridge University Press 21825:10.4135/9781412965811.n286 20881:Cambridge University Press 20785:Cambridge University Press 20760:Cambridge University Press 20752:Drescher, Seymour (2009). 20663:10.4135/9781412965811.n285 20481:Cambridge University Press 20314:Cambridge University Press 20306:Richards, John F. (2012). 20299:Cambridge University Press 20276:Cambridge University Press 20274:. Vol. II. New York: 20243:Princeton University Press 20201:"Slavery: A World History" 20075:Greenwood Publishing Group 19976:Forbes, Robert P. (1998). 19698:American Heritage Magazine 19632:Princeton University Press 19256:(2): 87–98. Archived from 19170:10.1002/9781118322673.ch22 18230:Greenwood Publishing Group 16624:10.1163/157006507780385125 16213:Glavnoe Upravlenie Lagerei 16179:"The Holocaust in Belarus" 15848:Cambridge University Press 15840:Klein, Herbert S. (2010). 15772:Cambridge University Press 15615:10.1163/157006507780385125 15357:"Medieval English society" 15216:Cambridge University Press 15140:Cambridge University Press 14881:Cambridge University Press 14876:Slavery in the Roman World 14787:Cambridge University Press 13861:Cambridge University Press 13610:Greenwood Publishing Group 12524:Greenwood Publishing Group 12462:Cambridge University Press 12454:Kiple, Kenneth F. (2002). 12316:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 11720:"Slavery in the New World" 11608:Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). 11548:Bortolot, Alexander Ives. 11463:W. W. Norton & Company 11443:Journal of African History 11427:Cambridge University Press 11347:"Focus on the slave trade" 11094:A Concise History of Islam 10789:"Focus on the slave trade" 10671:. Vol. 5, no. 61 10579:. latinamericanstudies.org 10448:Princeton University Press 10391:Cambridge University Press 10389:. Vol. I. Cambridge: 10334:Cambridge University Press 10193:Cambridge University Press 9877:Spiegel, Marjorie (1996). 9756:Ludwig von Mises Institute 9214:W. W. Norton & Company 8952:Edinburgh University Press 8797:. In Elmar Seebold (ed.). 6938: 6901: 6847:On February 25, 2007, the 6759:Anti-Slavery International 6705:On December 10, 1948, the 6677:Anti-Slavery International 6653:Slavery Abolition Act 1833 6009: 6003: 5901: 5759: 5609: 5465:; and from Europe via the 5344: 5323:Glavnoe Upravlenie Lagerei 5298:other forms of slave labor 5204: 5168: 4927:Slavery Abolition Act 1833 4849:) were important sources. 4742: 4631: 4600: 4565: 4340: 4218: 4194:History of slavery in Asia 4191: 4117:United States Constitution 3310:can be traced back to the 3276: 2956:civilizations. During the 2855: 2801: 2795: 2791: 2774:French colony of Louisiana 2678:A widespread practice was 2644:Branding of a female slave 2428: 2398: 2392: 2350: 2344: 2281: 2275: 2202:Trans-Atlantic slave trade 2069: 2051: 2022: 2016: 2004: 1992: 1977: 1965: 1627:Great Dismal Swamp maroons 1464:Anti-Slavery International 1229:North Africa and West Asia 43: 36: 29: 35182: 35030: 34809: 34771: 34767: 34756: 34344: 34047: 33865: 33544: 33380:Cross-cultural psychology 33338: 33198:Manipulation (psychology) 33064: 32900: 32896: 32885: 32694: 32683: 32611: 32421: 32389: 32364: 32283:Prison abolition movement 32241:Florida Justice Institute 32217: 32021: 31936: 31896: 31815: 31762: 31637: 31628: 31559: 31513: 31445: 31334: 31319:African Hebrew Israelites 31304: 31258: 31195: 31184: 31164: 31095:Afro-Asians in South Asia 31060: 30973: 30808: 30658: 30443: 30369: 30179: 30165: 30158: 30100: 30041: 29933: 29901: 29868: 29794: 29766: 29753: 29740: 29658: 29615: 29575: 29557: 29476: 29394: 29354: 29263: 29256: 29211: 29114: 29110: 29097: 28960: 28914: 28910: 28881: 28777: 28676: 28638:Guaranteed minimum income 28595: 28436: 28310: 28223:Organizational commitment 28175: 28067: 28034: 27897: 27822: 27699: 27621: 27555: 27342: 27264: 27208: 27058: 26955: 26862: 26829:Right to rest and leisure 26735: 26540: 26533: 26454: 26331: 26164: 25932: 25834: 25723: 25655: 25394: 25271: 25064: 24951:Opposition to immigration 24675: 24315: 24157: 23917: 23867:Race / Ethnicity 23804: 23773: 23675: 23512: 23485: 23450: 23433:To a Southern Slaveholder 23424: 23389: 23221:The Bondwoman's Narrative 23170: 23096:My Bondage and My Freedom 23080:The Life of Josiah Henson 23064:American Slavery as It Is 23039: 23006: 22666: 22622: 22597: 22571: 22524: 22507: 22492:Andreas Matthäus Wolfgang 22381: 22370: 22357: 22317: 22312:Links to related articles 22295:2018 Global Slavery Index 22288: 21909:Slavery in the modern era 21803:Trenchard, David (2008). 21746:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 21738:Resendez, Andres (2016). 21705:. D. Appleton. p. 1. 21671:Parish, Peter J. (2018). 21648:Parish, Peter J. (1989). 21292:10.1017/S0018246X00011171 21271:10.1080/00346769500000007 21184:10.1080/00346760110035572 21096:Wesleyan University Press 21037:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 21001:Postma, Johannes (2005). 20805:Slavery in the Arab World 20220:Stanford University Press 20120:10.1080/13811110701857541 20017:Higginbotham, A. Leon Jr. 19957:Foner, Philip S. (1980). 19932:Ellerman, David Patterson 19796:. New York: Viking Press. 18701:"The law against slavery" 18282:Green, Howard L. (1995). 18164:Clarence-Smith, William. 17830:(Television production). 16860:Global Slavery Index 2013 15919:Columbia University Press 15741:Columbia University Press 15632:. Routledge. p. 17. 15487:. Scottish Mining Website 14754:"Slavery in Ancient Rome" 14567:The Dutch Power in Kerala 14426:10.1017/S1356186302000329 14242:Columbia University Press 13898:McCormack, Gavan (2001). 13422:Palais, James B. (1998). 13385:Seoul National University 13344:Klein, Martin A. (2014). 13063:Stanford University Press 13055:Huang, Philip C. (2001). 13032:Stanford University Press 12398:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 12249:Streissguth, Tom (2009). 11983:10.1017/S002205070003134X 11945:. Alba House. p. 3. 11756:10.1080/00438240120047591 10761:Lodhi, Abdulaziz (2000). 10246:Columbia University Press 10046:10.1017/S0022050700078566 10001:10.1017/S0022050700074623 9881:. New York: Mirror Books. 9823:– via Google Books. 9155:Bergad, Laird W. (2007). 9108:10.1080/00438240120047627 9067:Finley, Moses I. (1980). 8710:[Article Slave]. 8651:10.1017/S0020743816001240 8618:Oxford English Dictionary 7306:Drama, Exploitation film 6742:(representing Zen Master 6548:Emancipation Proclamation 6054: 5927: 5762:Xinjiang internment camps 5580:Trans-Saharan slave trade 5511:– were imported into the 5270:Nobel Prize in Literature 5240: 4936:Edinburgh Evening Courant 4772:for the release of slaves 4669:slavery in Ancient Greece 4634:Slavery in ancient Greece 4622: 4580:The hill tribe people in 4382:existed since before the 4182:Conservation Camp Program 4145:Federal Prison Industries 3686: 3581:Planting the sugar cane, 2934:trans-Saharan slave trade 2851: 2614:Lectures on Jurisprudence 2305:system found in parts of 2206:Trans-Saharan slave trade 2187:all men are created equal 1942: 1877:that most slaves endure. 1723:Emancipation Proclamation 1395:Opposition and resistance 1153:Sex trafficking in Europe 1141:Blackbirding in Polynesia 704:Trans-Saharan slave trade 33730:Mass psychogenic illness 33581:Collective effervescence 33022:Self-fulfilling prophecy 32708:Collective consciousness 32334:The Prison Phoenix Trust 31778:Administrative detention 30361:Turks and Caicos Islands 30074:Pre-industrial East Asia 28807:Aspects of organizations 28488:Involuntary unemployment 28049:Equal pay for equal work 27972:Repetitive strain injury 27473:Professional development 27463:Professional association 27145:Letter of recommendation 26844:Right to social security 26809:Right to Internet access 26754:Equal pay for equal work 26640:Presumption of innocence 24946:Occupational segregation 24715:Compulsory sterilization 23379:The Underground Railroad 23144:The Peculiar Institution 22789:Sarah Jane Woodson Early 22246:, University of London, 22244:Slavery archival sources 21711:Phillips, Ulrich Bonnell 21697:Phillips, Ulrich Bonnell 21434:Harvard University Press 21259:Review of Social Economy 21172:Review of Social Economy 21155:10.1177/0143831x94152010 21083:Shell, Robert Carl-Heinz 21004:The Atlantic Slave Trade 20976:Morgan, Kenneth (2007). 20810:Rowman & Littlefield 20641:Davies, Stephen (2008). 20479:(illustrated ed.). 20368:. Santa Barbara, Calif: 20199:Meltzer, Milton (1993). 20067:Lee, Kenneth B. (1997). 19858:Harvard University Press 19691:Burnham, Philip (1993). 19287:Rowman & Littlefield 18864:Services, Tribune News. 18839:(Review), archived from 18537:Wise, Steven M. (2006). 18430:10.3167/fpcs.2008.260306 18258:"Bartolomé de Las Casas" 17318:business-humanrights.org 16826:"Forced labour – Themes" 16373:Canadian Slavonic Papers 16332:. Anchor. Archived from 16326:(2007). "Introduction". 16008:The Jamestown Foundation 15871:Subtelny, Orest (2000). 15843:The Atlantic Slave Trade 15802:Northrup, David (2002). 15653:Brodman, James William. 15091:. Jewishencyclopedia.com 14853:"The Roman slave supply" 14673:Rowman & Littlefield 14338:Japanese and the Jesuits 14063:Pinto, Jeanette (1992). 13729:(illustrated ed.). 13354:Publishers. p. 13. 13352:Rowman & Littlefield 13188:10.4324/9781315005508-24 12516:Coupeau, Steeve (2008). 12503:Indiana University Press 12192:Childs, Matt D. (2006). 12082:Federal Writers' Project 11941:Panzer, Joel S. (1996). 11667:"Aztec Social Structure" 11583:U.S. Library of Congress 10918:Journal of World History 10817:(4 ed.). Budapest: 10638:Harvard University Press 10240:Kara, Siddharth (2008). 9836:"Slavery and psychiatry" 9416:Indiana University Press 8737: 7920:Historical drama / epic 7207:Angélique and the Sultan 7127:Historical drama / epic 7081:Historical drama / epic 6934: 6849:Commonwealth of Virginia 6637:William Pitt the Younger 5990:forced into prostitution 5853: 5755: 5748:and 24.9 million are in 5574:to the Gulf or Aden, or 5459:Indian Ocean slave trade 5435:), Central Asia (mainly 4931:Indian Slavery Act, 1843 4909:population were slaves. 4789:Council of London (1102) 4556:Indian Slavery Act, 1843 4488:and Indian slaves. King 4365:were serious in nature. 4256:: Biography of Wang Mang 4125:Prison Policy Initiative 3761: 3528:Spanish colonial America 3043:Indian Ocean slave trade 3021:, Ethiopia and Somalia. 2962:Indian Ocean slave trade 2405:Military use of children 2210:Indian Ocean slave trade 1503:Compensated emancipation 714:Indian Ocean slave trade 35070:Eastern Orthodox Church 33611:Culture-bound syndromes 33586:Collective intelligence 32412:Films featuring prisons 32269:Mount Tamalpais College 31923:Prisoner-of-war escapes 31653:Corrective labor colony 29122:Administrative detainee 28792:Aspects of corporations 28754:Slow movement (culture) 28633:Employer of last resort 28535:Structural unemployment 28473:Frictional unemployment 27912:Epilepsy and employment 27799:Performance-related pay 27733:National average salary 27646:996 working hour system 26720:right to be a candidate 26550:Equality before the law 26394:Psychometrics of racism 25844:Anti-miscegenation laws 25474:Internalized oppression 25336:Fighting Discrimination 25326:Fat acceptance movement 25284:Anti-discrimination law 24924:Native American mascots 23550:Films featuring slavery 23014:Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua 22938:William Henry Singleton 22743:Ellen and William Craft 22301:What is Modern Slavery? 22233:"Understanding Slavery" 22050:Hawk, David R. (2012). 21891:Oxford University Press 21519:Engerman, Stanley Lewis 21493:Boles, John B. (2015). 20984:Oxford University Press 20848:Heuman, Gad J. (2003). 20802:Gordon, Murray (1989). 20735:Oxford University Press 20707:Oxford University Press 20563:University of Minnesota 20521:10.1163/157006597x00028 20161:Oxford University Press 20027:Oxford University Press 19965:Oxford University Press 19904:Donoghue, John (2010). 19826:Danver, Steven (2010). 19770:. Vol. 2. Athens: 19741:. Vol. 1. Athens: 19710:Campbell, Gwyn (2004). 19674:Oxford University Press 19649:Law Library of Congress 19221:Oxford University Press 19164:Ltd. pp. 445–467. 18262:Encyclopedia Britannica 18131:Haydon, Benjamin Robert 17990:"Economics and Slavery" 17931:The Morning (Sri Lanka) 16887:, p. 9, Chapter 1. 16224:, pp. 7, 36, 262; 16060:Encyclopædia Britannica 15909:Inalcik, Halil (1979). 15810:Oxford University Press 15764:Lowe, K. J. P. (2005). 15537:Nicolle, David (1995). 15392:Oxford University Press 15361:University of Wisconsin 15208:Jurasinski, S. (2015). 15066:Encyclopedia Britannica 14642:Oxford University Press 14314:. Xlibris Corporation. 14310:Kshetry, Gopal (2008). 14272:Calman, Donald (2013). 14215:Daigaku, Jōchi (2004). 13913:Lidin, Olof G. (2002). 13821:Oxford University Press 13819:. Vol. 1. Oxford: 13776:Oxford University Press 13774:. Vol. 3. Oxford: 13602:Tierney, Helen (1999). 12873:University of Edinburgh 12497:Moitt, Bernard (2001). 12423:"Who removed Aristide?" 11785:Donald, Leland (1997). 11724:Encyclopædia Britannica 10521:Oxford University Press 10502:Encyclopædia Britannica 9834:Schaler, J. A. (2003). 9138:Oxford University Press 8994:Oxford University Press 8678:Encyclopædia Britannica 8408:Encyclopædia Britannica 8334:Oxford University Press 6981:'s attacks on slavery. 6904:Reparations for slavery 6889:In 2010, Libyan leader 6838:reparations for slavery 6773:The Slave Route Project 6442:A painting of the 1840 6274:1926 Slavery Convention 6259:Treaty of Jeddah (1927) 6244:Battle of Little Bereby 6048:Slave trade suppression 5860:Second Libyan Civil War 5788:Abercrombie & Fitch 5734:2022 World Cup in Qatar 5624:Trafficking of children 5572:across the Indian Ocean 5012:Cantigas de Santa Maria 5000:between 1474 and 1569. 4779:was so common that the 4638:Slavery in ancient Rome 4628:Ancient Greece and Rome 4384:Three Kingdoms of Korea 3781:of the Catholic priest 3155:The Partition of Africa 3104:for a 250-year period: 2505:, who utilise the term 2049:derives from Byzantine 1956: 1427:1926 Slavery Convention 1183:Germany in World War II 800:North and South America 322:Contract of manumission 35511:Social constructionism 35169:Unitarian Universalism 33973:Observational learning 33701:In-group and out-group 33641:False consensus effect 33320:Suppression of dissent 33218:Moral entrepreneurship 33188:Ideological repression 33176:Historical revisionism 32712:Collective unconscious 32046:Contemplative programs 31753:Youth detention center 31605:Prisoner of conscience 31349:Anti-African sentiment 29538: 28802:Aspects of occupations 28608:Unemployment insurance 28560:Unemployment extension 28530:Reserve army of labour 28335:Constructive dismissal 28142:Sleeping while on duty 28107:Exploitation of labour 27989:Sick building syndrome 27160:Person–environment fit 27030:Independent contractor 26580:Freedom of information 26565:Freedom of association 26359:Ethnic plastic surgery 25854:Biological determinism 25593:Social identity threat 25566:Reverse discrimination 25556:Racial color blindness 25036:Violence against women 25016:Sex-selective abortion 23398:Amos Fortune, Free Man 22632:Juan Francisco Manzano 22607:Marie-Joseph Angélique 22515:Brigitta Scherzenfeldt 22498:Johann Georg Wolffgang 22480:Guðríður Símonardóttir 22419:James Leander Cathcart 22182:University of Virginia 22142:. ReadHowYouWant.com. 22116:. St. Martin's Press. 21478:. Icon Books Limited. 21331:10.1006/jcec.1994.1115 21280:The Historical Journal 20536:Toppin, Edgar (2010). 19716:. London: Frank Cass. 19544:Arasaratnam, Sinnappah 19528:. New Delhi: Manohar. 19522:Arasaratnam, Sinnappah 19459:. Ama. africatoday.com 19312:Deburg, William L. Van 19076:on September 30, 2007. 17236:globalslaveryindex.org 17232:"Global Slavery Index" 15958:10.18647/2730/JJS-2007 15925:on September 11, 2009. 15628:Davies, Brian (2007). 13816:Encyclopedia of Africa 13811:Gates, Henry Louis Jr. 13766:Gates, Henry Louis Jr. 13578:. Hollym. p. 14. 12428:London Review of Books 11510:Gates, Henry Louis Jr. 11238:The SHAFR Guide Online 10848:. Wiley. p. 615. 10471:Cobb, Thomas (1999) . 9855:10.1192/bjp.183.1.77-a 9625:The Hamilton Spectator 9134:Colonial Latin America 7879:Historical soap opera 6955: 6918:statute of limitations 6874:On July 30, 2008, the 6807: 6793:crime against humanity 6727: 6589: 6582:Joseph Jenkins Roberts 6574: 6512:Bartolomé de las Casas 6471: 6451: 6223:Bombardment of Johanna 6131:Brazil Squadron (U.S.) 6126:Africa Squadron (U.S.) 5668: 5641: 5539: 5488: 5380: 5327: 5309:has come to represent 5303: 5260:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 5216: 5166: 5122: 5062: 5015: 4969:Ottoman wars in Europe 4965:Byzantine-Ottoman wars 4960: 4941:history of coal mining 4812: 4804: 4773: 4664: 4661:Schnorr von Carolsfeld 4376: 4237:of Shouxiang, had his 4216: 4085: 3949: 3874:fetuses, or committed 3844: 3820: 3809: 3791:French colonial period 3783:Bartolomé de las Casas 3734: 3724:began long before the 3718: 3703: 3701:Johann Moritz Rugendas 3658: 3652: 3638: 3597: 3586: 3561: 3456:Bartolomé de las Casas 3431: 3236: 3207: 3197: 3133: 3116:bombardment of Algiers 3111: 3092: 2929: 2813: 2675: 2661: 2645: 2625: 2591: 2490:have applied the term 2451:Other uses of the term 2337: 2155: 2143: 2131: 2045: 2038: 1892: 1852:punishment for a crime 908:British Virgin Islands 460:Circassian slave trade 426:Safavid imperial harem 421:Ottoman Imperial Harem 32:Slave (disambiguation) 35060:Chinese folk religion 33760:Political correctness 33755:Pluralistic ignorance 33444:Identity (philosophy) 33270:Religious persecution 33253:Psychological warfare 33233:Political engineering 33084:Argumentum ad populum 32942:Collective narcissism 32920:Attitude polarization 32297:Prison-Ashram Project 31401:Civil rights movement 31289:Afro-Caribbean people 30598:Chestnut Ridge people 30520:African-American Jews 30322:Saint Kitts and Nevis 30079:Pre-industrial Europe 28812:Aspects of workplaces 28550:Unemployment benefits 28545:Types of unemployment 28483:Graduate unemployment 28377:Letter of resignation 28006:Workers' compensation 27999:Occupational fatality 27503:Vocational university 27103:Employment counsellor 26892:Intersex human rights 26700:Right of self-defense 26655:Right to a fair trial 26279:In Jewish communities 26257:Hispanic & Latino 25561:Religious intolerance 25521:Political correctness 25351:Intersex human rights 25299:Cultural assimilation 24981:Religious persecution 24745:Disability hate crime 24530:Jewish / Antisemitism 23347:Walk Through Darkness 23283:Underground to Canada 22896:Jermain Wesley Loguen 22841:(1848/1854 VA – 1957) 22768:Ayuba Suleiman Diallo 22584:Konstantin Mihailović 22532:Lovisa von Burghausen 22273:Encyclopedia Virginia 22206:University of Houston 22198:"Slavery Fact Sheets" 21986:Bales, Kevin (2007). 20602:Surveys and reference 20540:. Allyn & Bacon. 20251:10.1515/9781400857760 19923:10.1086/ahr.115.4.943 19801:Conway, John (2008). 19772:Ohio University Press 19762:Miller, Joseph Calder 19743:Ohio University Press 19733:Miller, Joseph Calder 19693:"Selling Poor Steven" 19593:Bales, Kevin (2004). 18232:. 2011. p. 155. 18204:. 2009. p. 165. 18050:Amnesty International 17913:on November 20, 2018. 17770:. February 20, 2014. 17624:Amnesty International 16774:. BBC. Archived from 16433:John Wiley & Sons 16336:on September 5, 2017. 15386:Hudson, John (2012). 15258:Yale University Press 14779:Harper, Kyle (2011). 14571:Slavery in Travancore 13951:Stanley, Amy (2012). 13807:Appiah, Kwame Anthony 13762:Appiah, Kwame Anthony 13087:"Kao-li maid-servant" 12912:10.2972/hesp.76.1.229 12763:"1860 Census Results" 12741:christianitytoday.com 12719:National Park Service 12314:dominiopublico.gov.br 11943:The Popes and Slavery 11893:Hanke, Lewis (1974). 11677:on February 23, 2011. 11483:Le Monde diplomatique 11045:on September 24, 2018 9937:. merriam-webster.com 9808:Szasz, Thomas Stephen 9600:on September 24, 2015 9531:on February 13, 2008. 9483:on December 23, 2009. 8944:Brace, Laura (2004). 8621:(2nd ed.). 1989. 8414:on February 23, 2007. 8271:Involuntary servitude 8195:The Birth of a Nation 7488:The Viceroy of Ouidah 7077:The Birth of a Nation 6992:Civil Rights Movement 6962:The Birth of a Nation 6948: 6939:Further information: 6802: 6783:On May 21, 2001, the 6738:, Bhikkhuni Thich Nu 6723: 6580: 6569: 6465: 6441: 5711:U.S. State Department 5677:debt bondage in India 5663: 5639: 5534:Persian slave in the 5533: 5483: 5370: 5315: 5289: 5265:The Gulag Archipelago 5214: 5164: 5117: 5056:The maritime town of 5006: 4954: 4911:William the Conqueror 4764: 4649: 4642:Black Sea slave trade 4490:Sebastian of Portugal 4371: 4206: 4070: 4029:Alexis de Tocqueville 3990:Congress, during the 3981:slave and free states 3971:and was legal in all 3939: 3852:Jean-Baptiste Colbert 3815: 3803: 3715:Jacques Étienne Arago 3709: 3694: 3632: 3592: 3580: 3427: 3277:Further information: 3215: 3209:Le Monde diplomatique 3187: 3124: 3106: 3101:Barbary slave traders 3086: 2923: 2811: 2667: 2651: 2643: 2623: 2585: 2445:Marriage by abduction 2431:Marriage by abduction 2335: 2251:in the Trucial States 2149: 2137: 2126: 2104:People-first language 1883: 1147:Europe and North Asia 1107:Australia and Oceania 807:Pre-Columbian America 379:Slave raid of Suðuroy 311:Slavery in al-Andalus 233:Black Sea slave trade 162:21st-century jihadism 35424:Naturalism (Western) 35419:Naturalism (Chinese) 35331:Renaissance humanism 33887:Conceptual framework 33852:System justification 33691:Hysterical contagion 33275:Religious uniformity 33258:Religious conversion 33114:Cognitive dissonance 33012:Selective perception 32863:Theory of everything 32833:Primal world beliefs 32818:Philosophical theory 32481:Ireland, Republic of 32171:Solitary confinement 31732:Prisoner-of-war camp 31359:Atlantic slave trade 31047:United Arab Emirates 29936: or countries 29747:By country or region 28985:Class discrimination 28618:Job creation program 28394:Mandatory retirement 28347:Employee offboarding 28167:Workplace incivility 28162:Workplace harassment 27937:Occupational disease 27932:Occupational burnout 27847:Disability insurance 27691:Workweek and weekend 27671:Retroactive overtime 27493:Vocational education 27408:Continuing education 27246:Permanent employment 26779:Right to development 26660:Right to family life 26610:Freedom from torture 26595:Freedom from slavery 26369:Herrenvolk democracy 24966:Political repression 23970:Anti-left handedness 23960:Anti-intellectualism 23545:Caribbean literature 23535:Atlantic slave trade 23088:Twelve Years a Slave 22981:Booker T. Washington 22783:Jordan Winston Early 22248:Senate House Library 22212:on February 9, 2014. 22110:Sage, Jesse (2015). 22092:Slave: My True Story 22011:Craig, Gary (2007). 21944:Taylor & Francis 21805:"Slavery in America" 21629:. New York: Norton. 21621:Morgan, Edmund Sears 21615:on November 6, 2006. 21426:Berlin, Ira (2009). 21055:Rodriguez, Junius P. 20907:. Aditya Prakashan. 20833:. Turtleback Books. 20657:. pp. 464–469. 20561:(PhD). Vol. 1. 20360:Rodriguez, Junius P. 20332:Rodriguez, Junius P. 19971:on October 14, 2013. 19940:Blackwell Publishing 19850:Davis, Natalie Zemon 19162:Blackwell Publishing 19039:on February 25, 2014 19033:Agence France-Presse 18833:"Alcohol and Slaves" 18804:Person-Lynn, Kwaku. 18461:Taylor & Francis 17842:– via YouTube. 17794:"Modern day slavery" 17686:. January 21, 2014. 17619:"Issues North Korea" 17596:The New Humanitarian 17371:Agence France-Presse 16558:New York Daily Times 16409:. #7. Archived from 16269:, pp. 170–179; 16066:on October 16, 2014. 16017:on October 21, 2013. 15997:Glyn Williams, Brian 15570:on November 19, 2017 15394:. pp. 424–425. 15367:on February 14, 2005 14908:Storming the Heavens 14760:on February 22, 2010 14478:, pp. 201–253; 14335:Moran, J.F. (2012). 13859:(reprint ed.). 13731:Taylor & Francis 13381:Working Paper Series 13182:, pp. 500–503, 13176:Chinese Civilization 12561:on January 20, 2023. 12547:Wood, Peter (2003). 12519:The History of Haiti 12253:Suriname in Pictures 12167:"Jamaican History I" 12018:, pp. 943–974; 11880:papalencyclicals.net 11862:papalencyclicals.net 11826:"The World Factbook" 11457:Foner, Eric (2012). 11301:on December 30, 2007 11019:Asquith, Christina. 10609:on December 30, 2007 10128:Helper, Hinton Rowan 9963:on December 21, 2020 9784:Simon & Schuster 9734:on October 12, 2007. 9441:Encyclopædia Iranica 9387:Guilty Without Trial 9366:. September 21, 2018 9340:. September 15, 2016 9216:. pp. 110–111. 8889:on October 24, 2020. 8336:. pp. 199–219. 8281:List of slave owners 8136:Twelve Years a Slave 8007:Owen 'Alik Shahadah 7949:Doris Kearns Goodwin 7237:Angélique in Barbary 7026:Tomás Gutiérrez Alea 6859:On August 24, 2007, 6797:Atlantic slave trade 6685:Anti-Slavery Society 6664:West Africa Squadron 6532:Underground Railroad 6524:internal slave trade 5741:Walk Free Foundation 5612:Contemporary slavery 5606:Contemporary slavery 5471:Venetian slave trade 5461:; from Asia via the 4923:Slave Trade Act 1807 4905:, nearly 10% of the 4576:Slavery in Malaysia 4572:Slavery in Indonesia 4326:In the 17th century 4207:A contract from the 4149:solitary confinement 4034:Democracy in America 3907:free people of color 3891:free people of color 3831:was divided between 3771:Christopher Columbus 3562:Código Negro Español 3402:Atlantic slave trade 3330:of Georgia, and the 3279:Atlantic slave trade 3202:Atlantic slave trade 3174:indentured servitude 3019:Indian Ocean islands 2838:Neolithic Revolution 2828:-rich rivers of the 2804:Slavery in antiquity 2770:Province of New York 2605:separation of powers 2503:anarcho-syndicalists 1602:Indentured servitude 1530:Underground Railroad 1330:United Arab Emirates 719:Zanzibar slave trade 686:By country or region 499:Atlantic slave trade 401:Ma malakat aymanukum 285:Venetian slave trade 46:Slave Labour (mural) 35605:Human rights abuses 34837:Christian democracy 33800:Social facilitation 33696:Information cascade 33631:Emotional contagion 33569:Collective behavior 33531:Symbolic boundaries 33385:Cultural psychology 33129:Cultural dissonance 33002:Observer-expectancy 32997:Observational error 32982:In-group favoritism 32727:Conventional wisdom 32348:Prison Reform Trust 31248:Sierra Leone Creole 31099:India and Pakistan 30344:Trinidad and Tobago 30194:Antigua and Barbuda 29468:Vanniar (Chieftain) 28523:Recession-proof job 28518:Lists of recessions 28456:Economic depression 28404:Retirement planning 28285:Work–life interface 28122:Employee monitoring 28090:Corporate behaviour 28080:Accounting scandals 27962:Occupational stress 27952:Occupational injury 27483:Reflective practice 27478:Professional school 27200:Work-at-home scheme 27120:Induction programme 27098:Employment contract 27078:Business networking 26590:Freedom of religion 26585:Freedom of movement 26560:Freedom of assembly 26542:Civil and political 26389:Perpetual foreigner 25469:Historical eugenics 25006:Segregation academy 24986:Religious terrorism 24775:Enemy of the people 24683:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 24197:Jehovah's Witnesses 24090:Perpetual foreigner 23540:Captivity narrative 23371:The Book of Negroes 23152:The Slave Community 23016:(1845–1847, Brazil) 22943:James Lindsay Smith 22850:John Andrew Jackson 22785:(1814 – after 1894) 22739:(1845 KY – 1938 OH) 22732:William Wells Brown 22691:Jared Maurice Arter 22686:William J. Anderson 22579:Johann Schiltberger 22173:Library of Congress 21936:Brass, Tom (2015). 21819:. pp. 469–70. 21543:Genovese, Eugene D. 20777:Eden, Jeff (2018). 20388:Salisbury, Joyce E. 20184:Government of India 20050:Infobase Publishing 19988:. pp. 68–106. 19938:. Cambridge, Mass: 19386:The History Teacher 19260:on November 6, 2018 18925:. February 25, 2007 18843:on January 22, 2005 18645:. November 13, 2002 18597:. February 28, 2007 18571:on January 28, 2009 18256:(January 4, 2021). 17599:. December 11, 2012 16836:on February 9, 2010 16806:. September 8, 2014 14937:Noy, David (2000). 14860:Stanford University 14476:Subrahmanyam (1997) 14217:Monumenta Nipponica 14190:Monumenta Nipponica 13544:. pp. 140–41. 13509:, pp. 162–163. 13412:, pp. 153–157. 13391:on November 6, 2018 13329:, pp. 392–393. 13024:Zhao, Gang (1986). 12965:, pp. 146–147. 12035:. Virtual Jamestown 12020:Higginbotham (1978) 11930:on October 3, 2006. 11924:"Health In Slavery" 11864:. January 13, 1435. 11611:Genocide: a history 11589:on February 7, 2021 11353:. September 3, 2001 11294:National Geographic 10815:A History of Africa 10811:Fage, John Donnelly 10523:. pp. 88–110. 10479:. pp. 268–269. 10330:Early Latin America 9813:Psychiatric Slavery 8296:Slave-owning slaves 8252:Bodmin manumissions 7883:The Taylan Brothers 7793:Marco Kreuzpaintner 6813:In 1999, President 6753:Groups such as the 6736:Mātā Amṛtānandamayī 6717:. Article 4 of the 6667:50 African rulers. 6633:William Wilberforce 6605:, whose opinion in 6540:slave or free state 6528:legally emancipated 6484:Indian subcontinent 5916:and groups such as 5824:Marks & Spencer 5782:from the region of 5596:Red Sea slave trade 5544:Bukhara slave trade 5504:Crimean slave trade 5475:Barbary slave trade 5463:Bukhara slave trade 5455:Red Sea slave trade 5392: 1760 BC 5081:massive slave trade 5064:Mercado de Escravos 4753:Crimean slave trade 4749:Barbary slave trade 4039:James Henry Hammond 4018:William Wells Brown 4004:Kansas-Nebraska Act 3977:American Revolution 3969:early colonial days 3842:The French-enacted 3817:1804 Haiti massacre 3583:British West Indies 3489:" was pioneered by 3063:African Great Lakes 2978:Indian subcontinent 2972:islands (including 2958:Red Sea slave trade 2594:Scottish economist 2486:Some proponents of 2469:anarcho-capitalists 2214:Red Sea slave trade 1838:. In the course of 1688:Slave Route Project 819:Americas indigenous 709:Red Sea slave trade 699:Contemporary Africa 562:Topics and practice 332:Crimean slave trade 327:Bukhara slave trade 280:Genoese slave trade 157:Contemporary Africa 137:Forced prostitution 35535:Post-structuralism 34289:natural philosophy 33671:Group polarization 33656:Group cohesiveness 33305:Social engineering 33203:Media manipulation 33124:Crowd manipulation 33109:Circular reporting 33027:Clever Hans effect 33007:Selective exposure 32355:WriteAPrisoner.com 32118:Protective custody 31667:Extermination camp 31598:Political prisoner 31391:Black Lives Matter 30998:Ethiopian Israelis 30648:African immigrants 30623:Louisiana Redbones 30559:Chickasaw freedmen 30488:African immigrants 30256:Dominican Republic 30049:18th-century Spain 29903:Standard of living 29607:Upper middle class 29602:Lower middle class 29193:Political prisoner 28975:Chattering classes 28947:Spoon class theory 28786:See also templates 28623:Job creation index 28587:Youth unemployment 28451:Discouraged worker 28340:Wrongful dismissal 28320:At-will employment 28193:Civil conscription 28157:Workplace bullying 28044:Affirmative action 28026:Workplace wellness 27957:Occupational noise 27593:Long service leave 27453:Overspecialization 27433:Induction training 27388:Career development 26907:Right to sexuality 26784:Right to education 26710:Security of person 26605:Freedom of thought 26419:Racial integration 26399:Race and sexuality 26204:Japanese Americans 25924:Racial segregation 25914:Racial nationalism 25381:Social integration 25376:Self-determination 25366:Racial integration 25314:Diversity training 25304:Cultural pluralism 25279:Affirmative action 25179:Racial segregation 25089:Crime of apartheid 24991:Religious violence 24494:Indigenous people 23894:Sexual orientation 23494:Unchained Memories 22999:(b. c. 1780 Congo) 22773:Frederick Douglass 22544:Ukawsaw Gronniosaw 22443:Maria ter Meetelen 22239:on March 26, 2010. 21770:Slavery in Alabama 21568:American Quarterly 21352:10.1007/bf00149085 21215:(421): 1560–1561. 20851:The Slavery Reader 20725:Davis, David Brion 20697:Davis, David Brion 20428:Ashgate Publishing 19289:. pp. 54–56. 18319:The New York Times 18080:Women News Network 17802:. January 25, 2018 17391:(April 11, 2017). 17377:on April 12, 2017. 17367:Nation Media Group 17294:on August 24, 2020 17284:"Uyghurs for Sale" 17054:The New York Times 16983:. January 23, 2003 16981:Human Rights Watch 16947:The New York Times 16506:History of Slavery 16228:, pp. 735–743 16082:Nordisk familjebok 15874:Ukraine: A History 15683:on March 10, 2008. 14916:. pp. 43–44. 14824:. November 5, 2009 14789:. pp. 59–60. 14581:(The Hague, 1918). 14504:Arasaratnam (1996) 14496:Arasaratnam (1995) 13146:. pp. 45–46. 12783:(August 9, 2010). 12614:. Ayer Publishing. 11645:. pp. 30–31. 11519:The New York Times 11512:(April 22, 2010). 11129:Palgrave Macmillan 10411:The New York Times 9525:Human Rights Watch 9042:Harvard University 8730:Dostoevsky, Fyodor 8596:on January 6, 2014 8574:on April 30, 2019. 8514:on January 6, 2018 7504:Alex Haley's Queen 7399:Alex Haley's Roots 7389:Bernardo Guimarães 6974:The Santa Fe Trail 6968:Gone with the Wind 6956: 6700:French West Africa 6590: 6575: 6544:American Civil War 6472: 6452: 6094:Blockade of Africa 5918:Human Rights Watch 5673:Human Rights Watch 5669: 5642: 5576:across the Red Sea 5552:Khivan slave trade 5540: 5489: 5467:Prague slave trade 5419:Sub-Saharan Africa 5381: 5321:is an acronym for 5217: 5167: 5123: 5016: 4961: 4919:Somerset v Stewart 4785:Council of Koblenz 4774: 4766:Adalbert of Prague 4745:Balkan slave trade 4697:Roman Servile Wars 4665: 4552:East India Company 4544:Henry Bartle Frere 4377: 4217: 4086: 4074:The Old Plantation 3961:American Civil War 3950: 3918:Haitian Revolution 3821: 3810: 3719: 3704: 3639: 3598: 3587: 3536:brought the first 3432: 3322:of the Andes, the 3198: 3134: 3093: 3078:plantation economy 2930: 2814: 2798:History of slavery 2676: 2662: 2646: 2626: 2592: 2564:economies of scale 2411:Human Rights Watch 2338: 2225:in 1924–1926, the 2156: 2144: 2132: 1947:was borrowed into 1893: 1812:§ Terminology 1469:Blockade of Africa 776:Somali slave trade 692:Sub-Saharan Africa 384:Turkish Abductions 342:Khivan slave trade 337:Khazar slave trade 290:Balkan slave trade 248:Prague slave trade 35577: 35576: 35571: 35570: 35567: 35566: 35563: 35562: 35545:Transcendentalism 35501:Neo-scholasticism 35482:Neopythagoreanism 34932:Industrialisation 34872:Constitutionalism 34752: 34751: 34748: 34747: 34570:political freedom 34087:mind–body problem 33880:tacit assumptions 33832:Spontaneous order 33822:Social psychology 33775:Self-organization 33119:Critical thinking 32881: 32880: 32848:School of thought 32737:Cultural movement 32717:Conceptual system 32643: 32642: 32579:England and Wales 32319:Prison Legal News 32304:Prison Fellowship 32262:Justice Defenders 31932: 31931: 31536:Prison healthcare 31473: 31472: 31441: 31440: 31354:Anti-Black racism 31294:British Jamaicans 31284:African Americans 31269:African Americans 31223:Americo-Liberians 31208:African Americans 31180: 31179: 31003:Sudanese refugees 30804: 30803: 30574:Seminole freedmen 30554:Cherokee freedmen 30535:Black Southerners 30510:African Americans 30458:African Americans 30118: 30117: 30096: 30095: 30092: 30091: 29929: 29928: 29736: 29735: 29732: 29731: 29728: 29727: 29630:Lumpenproletariat 29132:illegal immigrant 29093: 29092: 29005:Classless society 28835: 28834: 28734:Post-work society 28714:Kiss up kick down 28446:Barriers to entry 28411:Severance package 28243:Human trafficking 28137:Sexual harassment 28117:Employee handbook 28036:Equal opportunity 27899:Safety and health 27889:Take-home vehicle 27498:Vocational school 27448:Lifelong learning 27423:Further education 27383:Career counseling 27378:Career assessment 27155:Overqualification 26915: 26914: 26814:Right to property 26774:Right to clothing 26759:Fair remuneration 26727:Right to homeland 26675:Right to petition 26600:Freedom of speech 26492: 26491: 26240:African Americans 26187:Chinese Americans 25884:Ethnic stereotype 25683: 25682: 25551:Racism by country 25479:Intersectionality 25464:Heteronormativity 25263:Voter suppression 25011:Sexual harassment 24810:Forced conversion 24730:Cultural genocide 24393:African Americans 24207:post–Cold War era 24192:Eastern Orthodoxy 23955:Anti-drug addicts 23950:Anti-homelessness 23877:Scientific racism 23733: 23732: 23634: 23633: 23406:I, Juan de Pareja 23390:Young adult books 23197:Uncle Tom's Cabin 23040:Non-fiction books 23035: 23034: 22992:Harriet E. Wilson 22876:Elizabeth Keckley 22722:Henry "Box" Brown 22640:(1860–1965, Cuba) 22634:(1797–1854, Cuba) 22589:George of Hungary 22564:(1792 – fl. 1828) 22149:978-1-4596-0221-2 22123:978-1-250-08310-4 22102:978-0-7867-3897-7 22095:. PublicAffairs. 22076:on March 13, 2015 22066:978-0-615-62367-2 22027:978-1-85935-573-2 22003:978-0-520-25470-1 21978:978-0-520-93207-4 21953:978-1-317-82735-1 21928:978-3-906756-87-5 21900:978-0-19-502470-8 21875:978-0-521-65267-4 21834:978-1-4129-6580-4 21784:978-0-8173-0594-9 21755:978-0-544-60267-0 21730:978-1-57003-678-1 21688:978-0-429-97694-0 21663:978-0-06-437001-1 21636:978-0-393-05554-2 21558:978-0-307-77272-5 21534:978-0-8047-3521-6 21510:978-0-8131-5786-3 21485:978-1-84831-413-9 21464:978-1-59558-763-3 21443:978-0-674-02082-5 21418:978-0-8122-2417-7 21390:978-0-465-09768-5 21126:978-0-87169-040-1 21105:978-0-8195-5273-0 21074:978-0-313-33273-9 21046:978-0-547-64098-3 21018:978-0-8130-2906-1 20993:978-0-19-156627-1 20968:978-0-8101-3342-6 20943:978-0-299-07334-3 20914:978-81-85689-67-8 20890:978-0-521-54110-7 20865:978-0-415-21304-2 20840:978-0-613-34472-2 20819:978-0-941533-30-0 20794:978-1-108-63732-9 20769:978-1-139-48296-7 20744:978-0-19-988083-6 20716:978-0-19-505639-6 20672:978-1-4129-6580-4 20633:978-0-385-35325-0 20572:978-0-591-92325-4 20547:978-1-4759-6172-0 20490:978-0-521-23150-3 20437:978-1-4094-7223-0 20407:978-0-313-32543-4 20379:978-1-85109-544-5 20351:978-0-87436-885-7 20323:978-0-511-58406-0 20309:The Mughal Empire 20285:978-0-521-25758-9 20260:978-1-4008-5776-0 20229:978-0-8047-2933-8 20170:978-0-19-505326-5 20084:978-0-275-95823-7 20059:978-1-60413-217-5 20036:978-0-19-502745-7 19995:978-0-8203-2076-2 19949:978-1-55786-309-6 19867:978-0-674-00821-2 19856:. Cambridge, MA: 19841:978-1-59884-078-0 19818:978-1-59845-070-5 19809:Enslow Publishers 19781:978-0-8214-1725-6 19752:978-0-8214-1723-2 19723:978-1-135-75917-9 19683:978-0-19-638074-2 19630:. Princeton, NJ: 19585:978-0-520-21797-3 19557:978-0-86078-579-8 19535:978-81-7304-075-7 19296:978-0-8476-9947-6 19230:978-0-19-804436-9 19179:978-1-118-32267-3 19069:The Baltimore Sun 18812:on April 18, 2008 18550:978-1-84413-430-4 18387:978-1-57181-432-6 18295:978-0-8135-2113-8 18239:978-0-313-33143-5 18211:978-0-618-99238-6 18178:on March 29, 2017 18026:on March 23, 2015 17571:on March 23, 2022 17438:on March 30, 2019 17018:978-1-61219-003-7 16907:978-92-2-115360-3 16750:978-90-247-1779-8 16669:978-9950-385-84-9 16582:. Avalanche Press 16450:978-1-4443-3838-6 16413:on May 14, 2011. 16041:978-0-19-533402-9 15888:978-0-8020-8390-6 15857:978-1-139-48911-9 15819:978-0-19-514084-2 15781:978-0-521-81582-6 15750:978-0-231-03159-2 15707:978-0-9650493-7-5 15639:978-0-415-23986-8 15543:Osprey Publishing 15539:"The Janissaries" 15523:978-0-7190-1825-1 15401:978-0-19-163003-3 15267:978-0-300-12535-1 15250:Foot, S. (2011). 15225:978-1-107-08341-7 15187:978-1-85109-705-0 15149:978-0-521-08709-4 15047:978-0-8091-4134-0 15040:. Paulist Press. 15017:978-0-7538-2056-8 14948:978-0-7156-2952-9 14923:978-0-8133-3523-0 14890:978-0-521-53501-4 14796:978-1-139-50406-5 14682:978-0-8108-7528-9 14651:978-0-19-522151-0 14548:(The Hague, 1962) 14384:978-1-84718-111-4 14352:978-1-134-88112-3 14321:978-1-4691-0244-3 14289:978-1-134-91843-0 14251:978-0-231-51509-2 14221:Sophia University 14146:978-0-02-864781-4 14119:978-85-268-0436-4 14074:978-81-7040-587-0 14042:978-85-268-0436-4 14006:978-0-14-008098-8 13968:978-0-520-95238-6 13930:978-1-135-78871-1 13874:978-0-521-52750-7 13830:978-0-19-533770-9 13785:978-0-19-517055-9 13740:978-0-415-20857-4 13709:978-1-317-14718-3 13619:978-0-313-31071-3 13585:978-1-56591-177-2 13551:978-1-4384-3777-4 13481:978-1-4384-3777-4 13439:978-89-7141-441-5 13430:Yonsei University 13361:978-0-8108-7528-9 13265:978-0-520-22236-6 13227:978-0-295-97644-0 13197:978-1-315-00550-8 13153:978-0-520-05462-2 13072:978-0-8047-4111-8 13041:978-0-8047-1271-2 13010:978-0-313-01524-3 12854:978-90-04-34661-1 12781:Coates, Ta-Nehisi 12725:on July 14, 2007. 12699:978-0-465-00071-5 12684:Behrendt, Stephen 12669:978-0-226-55933-9 12638:978-0-590-37228-2 12589:978-0-8130-0323-8 12533:978-0-313-34089-5 12487:, pp. 27–53. 12471:978-0-521-52470-4 12407:978-0-547-64098-3 12368:on March 22, 2023 12338:on March 13, 2015 12268:978-1-57505-964-8 12235:978-1-870518-54-3 12207:978-0-8078-5772-4 12173:on August 5, 2013 12095:978-1-60354-045-2 12067:978-1-4429-6090-9 11800:978-0-520-91811-5 11747:World Archaeology 11705:978-1-4408-5097-4 11652:978-0-8018-8039-1 11621:978-0-582-50601-5 11579:countrystudies.us 11397:978-90-247-1956-3 11138:978-1-4039-4551-8 11104:978-93-81411-09-4 11077:978-90-04-02104-4 11027:on March 6, 2016. 10993:978-90-04-02104-4 10925:on April 11, 2016 10898:978-1-135-45670-2 10855:978-0-471-84480-8 10828:978-0-415-25248-5 10774:978-91-7346-377-5 10723:Ogot, Bethwell A. 10663:"Slaves in Saudi" 10647:978-0-674-05271-0 10538:978-0-19-959516-7 10457:978-0-691-19016-7 10272:. April 30, 2016. 10255:978-0-231-13960-1 10202:978-0-521-62891-4 10164:978-0-8203-2076-2 10108:on April 23, 2008 9793:978-0-7432-3787-1 9631:on March 26, 2017 9501:. August 13, 2007 9425:978-0-253-11671-0 9323:, pp. 15–18. 9223:978-0-87140-672-9 9212:(1st. ed.). 9210:New England Bound 9136:(10th ed.). 9095:World Archaeology 9048:on April 11, 2021 9011:978-0-19-938113-5 8961:978-0-7486-1535-3 8882:978-3-948287-06-1 8848:978-3-8252-1888-1 8833:[Slave]. 8541:on August 4, 2011 8454:978-1-4833-1147-0 8343:978-0-19-164535-8 8242: 8241: 8199:Historical drama 8156:Historical drama 8096:Historical drama 8058:Quentin Tarantino 7876: 7841:Historical drama 7837:The Slave Hunters 7737:Historical drama 7702:Iván Dariel Ortíz 7698:Historical drama 7511:Historical drama 7508: 7406:Historical drama 7403: 7354: 7310:Richard Fleischer 7169:Historical drama 7113:Thomas Dixon, Jr. 7006:Third Servile War 6984:Song of the South 6925:The Brattle Group 6692:David Livingstone 6301: 6300: 6099:Kanunname of 1889 5977:human trafficking 5691:Arabian Peninsula 5385:Code of Hammurabi 5249: 5141:until 1723, when 4982:Battle of Lepanto 4980:ended. After the 4701:Third Servile War 4568:Slavery in Brunei 4542:According to Sir 3973:Thirteen Colonies 3957:African Americans 3825:Treaty of Ryswick 3722:Slavery in Brazil 3522:Thirteen Colonies 3510:Johnson v. Parker 3458:, a 16th-century 3346:European settlers 3340:was practiced by 3338:Slavery in Canada 3308:Slavery in Mexico 3299:Slavery in Brazil 3257:, the kingdom of 3024:According to the 2966:Arabian Peninsula 2858:Slavery in Africa 2846:child abandonment 2830:Pacific Northwest 2752:and French ruled 2353:Human trafficking 2229:in 1932, and the 2219:League of Nations 2164:personal property 1921:domestic servants 1913:human trafficking 1863:personal property 1785: 1784: 1735:Freedmen's Bureau 1557:Third Servile War 1552:International law 1119:Human trafficking 881:Human trafficking 556:Thirteen colonies 374:Sack of Baltimore 142:Human trafficking 16:(Redirected from 35622: 35233:New Confucianism 35107:Korean shamanism 35077:Ethnic religions 35007:Social democracy 34882:Environmentalism 34862:Communitarianism 34827:Authoritarianism 34769: 34768: 34758: 34757: 34388:Codes of conduct 34039:World disclosure 34027:consensus theory 33795:Social exclusion 33601:Crowd psychology 33596:Consensus theory 33559:Bandwagon effect 33496:Rites of passage 33310:Social influence 33243:Propaganda model 33208:Media regulation 33037:wishful thinking 32987:Magical thinking 32898: 32897: 32887: 32886: 32750:World folk-epics 32685: 32684: 32670: 32663: 32656: 32647: 32646: 32636: 32632: 32631: 32624: 32620: 32619: 32604: 32595: 32588: 32586:Northern Ireland 32581: 32574: 32567: 32562: 32555: 32546: 32539: 32532: 32525: 32518: 32511: 32504: 32497: 32490: 32483: 32476: 32469: 32462: 32455: 32448: 32441: 32434: 32414: 32407: 32400: 32382: 32375: 32357: 32350: 32343: 32336: 32329: 32322: 32313: 32306: 32299: 32292: 32285: 32278: 32271: 32264: 32257: 32250: 32243: 32236: 32229: 32208: 32201: 32194: 32187: 32180: 32173: 32166: 32159: 32150: 32143: 32134: 32127: 32120: 32111: 32104: 32097: 32090: 32083: 32076: 32069: 32062: 32055: 32048: 32039: 32032: 32014: 32007: 32000: 31991: 31984: 31977: 31968: 31961: 31954: 31947: 31925: 31916: 31909: 31889: 31882: 31875: 31868: 31861: 31854: 31847: 31840: 31833: 31826: 31808: 31801: 31794: 31792:Maximum security 31787: 31780: 31773: 31755: 31748: 31741: 31734: 31727: 31720: 31711: 31704: 31697: 31690: 31683: 31676: 31669: 31662: 31655: 31648: 31635: 31634: 31621: 31614: 31607: 31600: 31593: 31586: 31579: 31572: 31552: 31545: 31538: 31531: 31524: 31500: 31493: 31486: 31477: 31476: 31463: 31462: 31453: 31452: 31193: 31192: 30581:Creoles of color 30564:Choctaw freedmen 30530:Black Mennonites 30463:Black Mennonites 30310:Jamaican Maroons 30266:Samaná Americans 30177: 30176: 30163: 30162: 30152:African diaspora 30145: 30138: 30131: 30122: 30121: 30108: 30107: 29935: 29836:Mexican-American 29764: 29763: 29755: 29754: 29742: 29741: 29543: 29486:Business magnate 29376:Knowledge worker 29261: 29260: 29149:dual or multiple 29112: 29111: 29099: 29098: 29053:Social exclusion 29048:Social cleansing 28962: 28912: 28911: 28901:Economic classes 28862: 28855: 28848: 28839: 28838: 28822:Critique of work 28817:Corporate titles 28785: 28784: 28704:Evil corporation 28570:Employment rates 28493:Jobless recovery 28461:Great Depression 28421:Golden parachute 28416:Golden handshake 28213:Job satisfaction 28203:Critique of work 28021:Workplace phobia 27852:Health insurance 27809:Wage compression 27777:Progressive wage 27631:35-hour workweek 27598:No call, no show 27588:Leave of absence 27438:Knowledge worker 27366:Master craftsman 27170:Personality hire 27108:Executive search 27088:Curriculum vitae 27073:Background check 26942: 26935: 26928: 26919: 26918: 26804:Right to housing 26738:Economic, social 26685:Right to protest 26680:Right to privacy 26519: 26512: 26505: 26496: 26495: 26482: 26481: 26472: 26471: 26462: 26461: 26316:Racial supremacy 26274:Jewish Americans 26252:Native Americans 26221:Zainichi Koreans 26209:Japanese Koreans 26192:Zainichi Chinese 26165:Racism by target 25942:Global apartheid 25934:Racism by region 25919:Racial profiling 25909:Racial hierarchy 25710: 25703: 25696: 25687: 25686: 25673: 25672: 25663: 25662: 25603:Social privilege 25588:Social exclusion 25516:Police brutality 25437:Multiculturalism 25407:Amatonormativity 25238:Social exclusion 25074:Age of candidacy 24874:Homeless dumping 24780:Ethnic cleansing 23760: 23753: 23746: 23737: 23736: 23661: 23654: 23647: 23638: 23637: 23237: 23234: 23230: 23227: 23205:The Heroic Slave 22960:Pierre Toussaint 22955:(1793 VA – 1860) 22919:(1827 VA – 1900) 22651:Pierre Toussaint 22486:Antoine Qaurtier 22475: 22472: 22379: 22378: 22351:Slave narratives 22344: 22337: 22330: 22321: 22320: 22308: 22307: 22283:Emory University 22264: 22240: 22213: 22208:. Archived from 22153: 22127: 22106: 22085: 22083: 22081: 22075: 22069:. Archived from 22058: 22046: 22044: 22042: 22037:on June 14, 2007 22036: 22030:. Archived from 22019: 22007: 21982: 21957: 21932: 21904: 21879: 21854: 21799: 21788: 21763: 21734: 21706: 21692: 21667: 21640: 21616: 21611:. Archived from 21599: 21562: 21538: 21514: 21489: 21468: 21447: 21422: 21394: 21363: 21334: 21311: 21274: 21253: 21232: 21209:Economic Journal 21203: 21166: 21130: 21109: 21078: 21050: 21027:Reséndez, Andrés 21022: 20997: 20972: 20947: 20922: 20921:on May 12, 2008. 20917:. Archived from 20894: 20869: 20856:Psychology Press 20844: 20823: 20798: 20773: 20748: 20720: 20692: 20643:"Slavery, World" 20637: 20591: 20589: 20587: 20551: 20532: 20501: 20499: 20497: 20469: 20463: 20459: 20457: 20449: 20418: 20416: 20414: 20383: 20355: 20327: 20302: 20289: 20264: 20233: 20208: 20195: 20174: 20146: 20144: 20142: 20105: 20095: 20093: 20091: 20063: 20040: 20012: 20007:. Stanford, CA: 19999: 19972: 19967:. Archived from 19953: 19927: 19925: 19900: 19871: 19845: 19822: 19797: 19790:Conquest, Robert 19785: 19756: 19727: 19706: 19701:. Archived from 19687: 19659: 19657: 19655: 19639:Bavis, Barbara. 19635: 19622: 19589: 19561: 19539: 19517: 19514:Gulag: A History 19505: 19503: 19501: 19469: 19468: 19466: 19464: 19453: 19447: 19446: 19429:(4): 1251–1268. 19416: 19410: 19409: 19381: 19375: 19369: 19363: 19357: 19348: 19347: 19307: 19301: 19300: 19276: 19270: 19269: 19267: 19265: 19250:American Studies 19241: 19235: 19234: 19210: 19204: 19203: 19197: 19193: 19191: 19183: 19153: 19147: 19146: 19136: 19130: 19129: 19127: 19125: 19110: 19104: 19103: 19101: 19099: 19093:Face2Face Africa 19084: 19078: 19077: 19072:. Archived from 19059: 19053: 19052: 19046: 19044: 19025: 19019: 19018: 19016: 19014: 19000: 18994: 18993: 18991: 18989: 18974: 18968: 18967: 18965: 18963: 18941: 18935: 18934: 18932: 18930: 18915: 18909: 18908: 18906: 18904: 18899:. March 14, 2007 18889: 18883: 18882: 18880: 18878: 18861: 18852: 18851: 18850: 18848: 18828: 18822: 18821: 18819: 18817: 18801: 18795: 18794: 18768: 18762: 18761: 18759: 18757: 18746: 18740: 18739: 18725: 18716: 18715: 18713: 18711: 18697: 18691: 18690: 18688: 18686: 18680: 18674:. Archived from 18669: 18661: 18655: 18654: 18652: 18650: 18635: 18629: 18628: 18626: 18624: 18613: 18607: 18606: 18604: 18602: 18587: 18581: 18580: 18578: 18576: 18567:. Archived from 18561: 18555: 18554: 18534: 18528: 18527: 18487: 18481: 18480: 18448: 18442: 18441: 18409: 18403: 18402: 18396: 18394: 18371: 18365: 18364: 18362: 18360: 18355:on July 14, 2007 18345: 18339: 18338: 18336: 18334: 18309: 18303: 18302: 18279: 18273: 18272: 18270: 18268: 18250: 18244: 18243: 18222: 18216: 18215: 18202:Cengage Learning 18194: 18188: 18187: 18185: 18183: 18177: 18171:. Archived from 18170: 18161: 18155: 18149: 18147: 18145: 18127: 18121: 18120: 18118: 18116: 18105: 18096: 18095: 18093: 18091: 18086:on June 12, 2018 18072: 18066: 18065: 18063: 18061: 18042: 18036: 18035: 18033: 18031: 18022:. Archived from 18011: 18005: 18004: 18002: 18000: 17994: 17986: 17980: 17979: 17977: 17975: 17958: 17952: 17951: 17949: 17947: 17938:. Archived from 17921: 17915: 17914: 17897: 17891: 17890: 17878: 17872: 17871: 17869: 17867: 17850: 17844: 17843: 17841: 17839: 17822: 17816: 17815: 17809: 17807: 17790: 17784: 17783: 17781: 17779: 17758: 17752: 17751: 17749: 17747: 17726: 17720: 17719: 17713: 17709: 17707: 17699: 17697: 17695: 17678: 17672: 17671: 17669: 17667: 17648: 17642: 17641: 17639: 17637: 17615: 17609: 17608: 17606: 17604: 17587: 17581: 17580: 17578: 17576: 17557: 17551: 17550: 17548: 17546: 17541:. August 9, 2007 17531: 17525: 17524: 17522: 17520: 17505: 17499: 17498: 17496: 17494: 17480: 17474: 17473: 17471: 17469: 17464:. August 9, 2007 17454: 17448: 17447: 17445: 17443: 17428: 17422: 17421: 17409: 17403: 17402: 17385: 17379: 17378: 17359: 17353: 17352: 17345: 17339: 17338: 17328: 17322: 17321: 17310: 17304: 17303: 17301: 17299: 17290:. Archived from 17279: 17273: 17272: 17270: 17268: 17253: 17247: 17246: 17244: 17242: 17228: 17222: 17221: 17219: 17217: 17200: 17194: 17193: 17191: 17189: 17172: 17166: 17165: 17163: 17161: 17145: 17139: 17138: 17136: 17134: 17119: 17113: 17112: 17110: 17108: 17096: 17090: 17089: 17087: 17085: 17080:on June 23, 2013 17076:. Archived from 17065: 17059: 17058: 17057:. June 20, 2013. 17045: 17039: 17038: 17032: 17030: 16999: 16993: 16992: 16990: 16988: 16973: 16967: 16966: 16964: 16962: 16937: 16931: 16930: 16918: 16912: 16911: 16894: 16888: 16882: 16876: 16875: 16873: 16871: 16866:on April 7, 2016 16852: 16846: 16845: 16843: 16841: 16832:. Archived from 16822: 16816: 16815: 16813: 16811: 16794: 16788: 16787: 16785: 16783: 16768: 16762: 16761: 16759: 16757: 16730: 16724: 16721: 16710: 16707: 16696: 16695: 16693: 16691: 16680: 16674: 16673: 16652: 16646: 16645: 16644:on May 21, 2009. 16634: 16628: 16627: 16602:Kizilov, Mikhail 16598: 16592: 16591: 16589: 16587: 16576: 16570: 16569: 16567: 16565: 16560:. August 6, 1856 16550: 16544: 16538: 16532: 16531: 16529: 16527: 16516: 16510: 16509: 16501: 16495: 16494: 16486: 16480: 16479: 16477: 16475: 16461: 16455: 16454: 16424: 16418: 16417: 16403: 16397: 16396: 16364: 16358: 16357: 16344: 16338: 16337: 16329:Gulag: A History 16320: 16314: 16313: 16307: 16306:|newspaper= 16303: 16301: 16293: 16283: 16277: 16259: 16253: 16247: 16241: 16235: 16229: 16209:Applebaum (2003) 16205: 16199: 16198: 16192: 16190: 16175: 16169: 16168: 16155: 16149: 16148: 16146: 16144: 16139:on April 3, 2017 16138: 16132:. Archived from 16131: 16122: 16116: 16115: 16113: 16111: 16100: 16094: 16093: 16091: 16089: 16074: 16068: 16067: 16062:. Archived from 16052: 16046: 16045: 16025: 16019: 16018: 16016: 16005: 15993: 15987: 15986: 15985:on June 5, 2013. 15984: 15978:. Archived from 15977: 15968: 15962: 15961: 15938:Kizilov, Mikhail 15933: 15927: 15926: 15906: 15900: 15899: 15897: 15895: 15868: 15862: 15861: 15837: 15831: 15830: 15828: 15826: 15799: 15793: 15792: 15790: 15788: 15761: 15755: 15754: 15730: 15719: 15718: 15716: 15714: 15700:. Mikaya Press. 15691: 15685: 15684: 15679:. Archived from 15673: 15667: 15666: 15664: 15662: 15650: 15644: 15643: 15625: 15619: 15618: 15593:Kizilov, Mikhail 15589: 15580: 15579: 15577: 15575: 15560: 15554: 15553: 15551: 15549: 15534: 15528: 15527: 15503: 15497: 15496: 15494: 15492: 15480: 15474: 15473: 15471: 15469: 15459: 15450: 15449: 15447: 15445: 15438:Building History 15430: 15424: 15423: 15416:Gillingham, John 15412: 15406: 15405: 15383: 15377: 15376: 15374: 15372: 15363:. Archived from 15353: 15347: 15346: 15334:Clapham, John H. 15330: 15324: 15323: 15313: 15289: 15283: 15282: 15276: 15274: 15247: 15241: 15240: 15234: 15232: 15205: 15199: 15198: 15196: 15194: 15180:. p. 1002. 15167: 15161: 15160: 15158: 15156: 15129: 15123: 15122: 15120: 15118: 15107: 15101: 15100: 15098: 15096: 15084: 15078: 15077: 15075: 15073: 15058: 15052: 15051: 15028: 15022: 15021: 15000: 14994: 14993: 14959: 14953: 14952: 14934: 14928: 14927: 14911: 14901: 14895: 14894: 14870: 14864: 14863: 14857: 14849:Scheidel, Walter 14845: 14834: 14833: 14831: 14829: 14814: 14808: 14807: 14805: 14803: 14776: 14770: 14769: 14767: 14765: 14750: 14744: 14743: 14707: 14701: 14700: 14691: 14689: 14662: 14656: 14655: 14631: 14618: 14617: 14601: 14592: 14588: 14582: 14555: 14549: 14541: 14535: 14534:29, no. 2 (1939) 14518:V.B. Lieberman, 14516: 14510: 14473: 14467: 14466: 14455: 14449: 14448: 14405: 14399: 14395: 14389: 14388: 14370: 14364: 14363: 14361: 14359: 14332: 14326: 14325: 14307: 14301: 14300: 14298: 14296: 14269: 14263: 14262: 14260: 14258: 14231: 14225: 14224: 14212: 14206: 14205: 14185: 14179: 14165: 14159: 14158: 14130: 14124: 14123: 14101: 14095: 14089: 14083: 14082: 14060: 14051: 14050: 14028: 14022: 14021: 14015: 14013: 13986: 13980: 13979: 13977: 13975: 13948: 13942: 13941: 13939: 13937: 13910: 13904: 13903: 13895: 13889: 13888: 13883: 13881: 13858: 13848: 13842: 13841: 13839: 13837: 13803: 13797: 13796: 13794: 13792: 13758: 13752: 13751: 13749: 13747: 13720: 13714: 13713: 13691: 13685: 13684: 13682: 13680: 13675:on March 4, 2016 13661: 13655: 13654: 13652: 13650: 13641:. Archived from 13630: 13624: 13623: 13599: 13590: 13589: 13569: 13563: 13562: 13560: 13558: 13531: 13522: 13516: 13510: 13504: 13493: 13492: 13490: 13488: 13461: 13455: 13454: 13448: 13446: 13419: 13413: 13407: 13401: 13400: 13398: 13396: 13387:. Archived from 13372: 13366: 13365: 13341: 13330: 13324: 13301: 13295: 13289: 13283: 13277: 13276: 13274: 13272: 13245: 13239: 13238: 13236: 13234: 13207: 13201: 13200: 13164: 13158: 13157: 13133: 13127: 13124:Salisbury (2004) 13113: 13107: 13106: 13083: 13077: 13076: 13052: 13046: 13045: 13021: 13015: 13014: 12990: 12984: 12981: 12975: 12972: 12966: 12960: 12949: 12948: 12947:. June 14, 2024. 12946: 12938: 12932: 12931: 12895: 12889: 12888: 12886: 12884: 12879:on March 6, 2019 12875:. Archived from 12865: 12859: 12858: 12834: 12828: 12827: 12825: 12823: 12808: 12802: 12801: 12799: 12797: 12777: 12771: 12770: 12769:on June 4, 2004. 12765:. Archived from 12759: 12753: 12752: 12750: 12748: 12733: 12727: 12726: 12721:. Archived from 12711: 12705: 12703: 12680: 12674: 12673: 12649: 12643: 12642: 12622: 12616: 12615: 12607: 12598: 12597: 12569: 12563: 12562: 12557:. Archived from 12544: 12538: 12537: 12513: 12507: 12506: 12494: 12488: 12482: 12476: 12475: 12451: 12445: 12444: 12442: 12440: 12418: 12412: 12411: 12388:Reséndez, Andrés 12384: 12378: 12377: 12375: 12373: 12364:. Archived from 12362:cambriapress.com 12354: 12348: 12347: 12345: 12343: 12324: 12318: 12317: 12306: 12300: 12299: 12297: 12295: 12279: 12273: 12272: 12256: 12246: 12240: 12239: 12218: 12212: 12211: 12189: 12183: 12182: 12180: 12178: 12163: 12157: 12156: 12144: 12135: 12113:Kozlowski (2010) 12106: 12100: 12099: 12078: 12072: 12071: 12051: 12045: 12044: 12042: 12040: 12029: 12023: 12009: 12003: 12002: 11964: 11958: 11956: 11938: 11932: 11931: 11926:. Archived from 11920: 11914: 11912: 11890: 11884: 11883: 11872: 11866: 11865: 11854: 11848: 11847: 11845: 11843: 11838:on June 29, 2011 11834:. Archived from 11822: 11816: 11815: 11809: 11807: 11782: 11776: 11775: 11741: 11735: 11734: 11732: 11730: 11716: 11710: 11709: 11685: 11679: 11678: 11673:. Archived from 11663: 11657: 11656: 11632: 11626: 11625: 11605: 11599: 11598: 11596: 11594: 11585:. Archived from 11571: 11565: 11564: 11562: 11560: 11545: 11539: 11538: 11536: 11534: 11506: 11495: 11494: 11492: 11490: 11473: 11467: 11466: 11454: 11448: 11447: 11437: 11431: 11430: 11429:. pp. 4–21. 11418: 11409: 11408: 11406: 11404: 11381: 11375: 11369: 11363: 11362: 11360: 11358: 11343: 11337: 11336: 11334: 11332: 11327:. March 30, 2007 11317: 11311: 11310: 11308: 11306: 11285: 11279: 11278: 11276: 11274: 11260: 11254: 11253: 11233: 11227: 11226: 11218: 11212: 11211: 11209: 11207: 11182: 11173: 11172: 11170: 11168: 11163:on July 25, 2011 11153: 11147: 11146: 11118: 11112: 11111: 11088: 11082: 11081: 11061: 11055: 11054: 11052: 11050: 11035: 11029: 11028: 11023:. Archived from 11016: 11010: 11004: 10998: 10997: 10973: 10967: 10966: 10964: 10962: 10956: 10950:. Archived from 10949: 10941: 10935: 10934: 10932: 10930: 10921:. Archived from 10909: 10903: 10902: 10891:. p. 1401. 10878: 10872: 10866: 10860: 10859: 10839: 10833: 10832: 10807: 10801: 10800: 10799:on May 25, 2017. 10785: 10779: 10778: 10758: 10749: 10748: 10719: 10710: 10709: 10703: 10701: 10687: 10681: 10680: 10678: 10676: 10658: 10652: 10651: 10625: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10614: 10605:. Archived from 10595: 10589: 10588: 10586: 10584: 10578: 10569: 10563: 10562: 10556: 10552: 10550: 10542: 10512: 10506: 10505: 10490: 10481: 10480: 10468: 10462: 10461: 10437: 10431: 10430: 10428: 10426: 10401: 10395: 10394: 10379: 10373: 10372: 10370: 10368: 10347: 10341: 10340: 10325: 10319: 10318: 10316: 10314: 10299: 10293: 10292: 10280: 10274: 10273: 10266: 10260: 10259: 10237: 10226: 10220: 10214: 10213: 10211: 10209: 10182: 10176: 10175: 10173: 10171: 10144: 10138: 10137: 10124: 10118: 10117: 10115: 10113: 10098: 10092: 10091: 10089: 10087: 10072: 10066: 10065: 10027: 10021: 10020: 9982: 9976: 9975: 9970: 9968: 9959:. Archived from 9953: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9942: 9931: 9925: 9919: 9913: 9912: 9910: 9908: 9889: 9883: 9882: 9874: 9868: 9867: 9857: 9831: 9825: 9824: 9822: 9820: 9804: 9798: 9797: 9773: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9762: 9747: 9741: 9738:national service 9735: 9730:. Archived from 9716: 9710: 9709: 9707: 9705: 9693: 9687: 9686: 9684: 9682: 9671: 9665: 9664: 9662: 9655: 9647: 9641: 9640: 9638: 9636: 9627:. Archived from 9616: 9610: 9609: 9607: 9605: 9599: 9592: 9584: 9578: 9577: 9576:. March 5, 2013. 9566: 9560: 9559: 9557: 9555: 9539: 9533: 9532: 9517: 9511: 9510: 9508: 9506: 9491: 9485: 9484: 9473: 9467: 9466: 9451: 9445: 9444: 9436: 9430: 9429: 9407: 9401: 9400: 9382: 9376: 9375: 9373: 9371: 9356: 9350: 9349: 9347: 9345: 9330: 9324: 9318: 9309: 9308: 9301: 9299: 9297: 9292:. August 9, 2007 9280: 9271: 9268: 9257: 9256: 9254: 9252: 9237: 9231: 9230: 9202: 9196: 9195: 9177: 9171: 9170: 9152: 9146: 9145: 9129: 9123: 9122: 9089: 9083: 9082: 9064: 9058: 9057: 9055: 9053: 9044:. Archived from 9033: 9027: 9026: 9020: 9018: 8984:"slavery, Roman" 8979: 8973: 8972: 8970: 8968: 8941: 8935: 8934: 8922: 8914: 8908: 8907: 8903:Byzantinoslavica 8897: 8891: 8890: 8885:. Archived from 8863:Scholten, Daniel 8859: 8853: 8852: 8823: 8817: 8816: 8795:"Artikel Sklave" 8791:Kluge, Friedrich 8787: 8781: 8780: 8757: 8751: 8750: 8749:on May 20, 2018. 8726: 8720: 8719: 8708:"Artikel Sklave" 8704:Kluge, Friedrich 8700: 8694: 8688: 8682: 8681: 8670: 8664: 8663: 8653: 8629: 8623: 8622: 8612: 8606: 8605: 8603: 8601: 8582: 8576: 8575: 8570:. Archived from 8557: 8551: 8550: 8548: 8546: 8530: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8519: 8510:. Archived from 8497: 8488: 8487: 8485: 8483: 8468: 8459: 8458: 8434: 8428: 8422: 8416: 8415: 8410:. Archived from 8400: 8381: 8380: 8369:. p. 1234. 8354: 8348: 8347: 8323: 8231: 8229: 8228: 8219: 8217: 8216: 8176: 8174: 8173: 8128: 8126: 8125: 8116: 8114: 8113: 8105:Chiwetel Ejiofor 8092:12 Years a Slave 8074: 8072: 8071: 8050:Django Unchained 8032: 8030: 8029: 8020: 8018: 8017: 7979: 7977: 7976: 7966:Andrei Proshkin 7940: 7938: 7937: 7929:Daniel Day-Lewis 7924:Steven Spielberg 7899: 7897: 7896: 7874: 7857: 7855: 7854: 7819: 7817: 7816: 7807: 7805: 7804: 7767: 7765: 7764: 7755: 7753: 7752: 7718: 7716: 7715: 7677: 7675: 7674: 7665: 7663: 7662: 7645:Historical epic 7621: 7619: 7618: 7579: 7577: 7576: 7563:Steven Spielberg 7531: 7529: 7528: 7506: 7480: 7478: 7477: 7432: 7430: 7429: 7401: 7383:A Escrava Isaura 7375: 7373: 7372: 7352: 7326: 7324: 7323: 7282: 7280: 7279: 7266:Gillo Pontecorvo 7229: 7227: 7226: 7215:Bernard Borderie 7189: 7187: 7186: 7147: 7145: 7144: 7101: 7099: 7098: 7044: 7043: 6607:Somersett's Case 6478:, who ruled the 6466:Chinese Emperor 6306: 6141:Slave Trade Acts 6049: 6041: 6034: 6027: 6018: 6017: 5780:forcibly removed 5746:forced marriages 5556:khanate of Khiva 5536:Khanate of Khiva 5477:, respectively. 5396:mentions slavery 5393: 5390: 5254: 5244: 5242: 5201:Communist states 5177:Second World War 5149:In Scandinavia, 5085:Poland-Lithuania 5067: 4998:Poland–Lithuania 4973:janissary system 4885:medieval England 4841:(along with the 4824:Byzantine Empire 4817: 4814:Romanus Pontifex 4809: 4677:Classical Athens 4673:Mycenaean Greece 4613:in New Zealand. 4525:Portuguese India 4513:Slavery in India 4500:into slavery on 4407: 4396:slave rebellions 4380:Slavery in Korea 4343: 4342: 4221:Slavery in China 4098:1860 U.S. census 4083: 4080: 3994:administration, 3985:Mason–Dixon line 3883:Louisiana colony 3854:and ratified by 3849: 3767:Slavery in Haiti 3737: 3711:Slave punishment 3661: 3655: 3564: 3444:Spanish colonies 3390: 3379: 3366:prisoners of war 3243:African kingdoms 3220:Muslim countries 3212: 3147:Gustav Nachtigal 3087:Slave market in 3032:Sokoto Caliphate 2901:embassy reached 2842:prisoners of war 2750:Congo Free State 2735:internment camps 2720: 2708: 2702: 2674: 2671: 2668:Slave branding, 2586:The work of the 2440:Forced marriages 2415:domestic workers 2172:classical Greece 2084: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2066: 2060: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2041: 2025: 2024: 2019: 2018: 2013: 2007: 2006: 2001: 1995: 1994: 1986: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1968: 1967: 1959: 1945: 1944: 1925:forced marriages 1867:de facto slavery 1777: 1770: 1763: 1747:Emancipation Day 1580: 1547:Slave Trade Acts 238:Byzantine Empire 80: 53: 52: 21: 35630: 35629: 35625: 35624: 35623: 35621: 35620: 35619: 35595:Business ethics 35580: 35579: 35578: 35573: 35572: 35559: 35390:Megarian school 35341:Illuminationism 35317:New historicism 35293:Foundationalism 35278:Eretrian school 35238:Critical theory 35199:Aristotelianism 35194:Agriculturalism 35184: 35178: 35112:Modern paganism 35026: 34937:Intellectualism 34811: 34805: 34763: 34744: 34592:Meaning of life 34497:unclean animals 34354:Aesthetic taste 34340: 34296:Problem of evil 34238:National mythoi 34043: 33861: 33857:Viral phenomena 33847:Swarm behaviour 33790:Social emotions 33785:Social behavior 33765:Pseudoconsensus 33716:Majoritarianism 33616:Deindividuation 33554:Abilene paradox 33540: 33476:Myth and ritual 33334: 33315:Social progress 33290:Self-censorship 33166:Excommunication 33089:Attitude change 33066: 33060: 32892: 32877: 32828:Presuppositions 32690: 32679: 32674: 32644: 32639: 32627: 32615: 32607: 32600: 32591: 32584: 32577: 32570: 32565: 32558: 32551: 32542: 32535: 32528: 32521: 32514: 32507: 32500: 32493: 32486: 32479: 32472: 32465: 32458: 32451: 32444: 32437: 32430: 32417: 32410: 32403: 32396: 32385: 32378: 32371: 32360: 32353: 32346: 32339: 32332: 32325: 32316: 32309: 32302: 32295: 32288: 32281: 32274: 32267: 32260: 32253: 32246: 32239: 32232: 32224: 32213: 32204: 32199:Women in prison 32197: 32190: 32183: 32176: 32169: 32162: 32155: 32146: 32139: 32130: 32123: 32116: 32107: 32102:Private prisons 32100: 32093: 32086: 32079: 32072: 32065: 32058: 32051: 32044: 32035: 32028: 32017: 32010: 32003: 31996: 31987: 31980: 31973: 31964: 31957: 31950: 31943: 31928: 31921: 31912: 31905: 31892: 31885: 31878: 31871: 31864: 31857: 31850: 31843: 31836: 31829: 31822: 31811: 31804: 31797: 31790: 31783: 31776: 31769: 31763:Security levels 31758: 31751: 31744: 31737: 31730: 31723: 31716: 31707: 31700: 31693: 31686: 31679: 31672: 31665: 31658: 31651: 31644: 31624: 31617: 31612:Prisoner of war 31610: 31603: 31596: 31589: 31582: 31575: 31568: 31555: 31548: 31541: 31534: 31527: 31520: 31509: 31504: 31474: 31469: 31437: 31411:Genetic history 31336: 31330: 31306: 31300: 31280:United Kingdom 31254: 31233:Afro-Brazilians 31188: 31186: 31176: 31160: 31065: 31056: 30969: 30812: 30800: 30660: 30654: 30525:Alabama Creoles 30445: 30439: 30371: 30365: 30170: 30154: 30149: 30119: 30114: 30088: 30037: 29925: 29897: 29864: 29848:Underprivileged 29790: 29749: 29748: 29724: 29654: 29611: 29571: 29553: 29472: 29390: 29350: 29252: 29207: 29106: 29105: 29089: 29068:Social position 29058:Social mobility 28956: 28906: 28877: 28876: 28866: 28836: 28831: 28827:Organized labor 28797:Aspects of jobs 28773: 28764:Toxic workplace 28699:Emotional labor 28672: 28596:Public programs 28591: 28508:Great Recession 28478:Full employment 28466:Long Depression 28432: 28330:Banishment room 28306: 28228:Refusal of work 28171: 28095:Corporate crime 28063: 28030: 27893: 27818: 27695: 27617: 27551: 27428:Graduate school 27338: 27260: 27204: 27195:Underemployment 27054: 26998:Self-employment 26973:Contingent work 26963:Academic tenure 26956:Classifications 26951: 26946: 26916: 26911: 26882:Family planning 26867: 26858: 26834:Right of return 26794:Right to health 26742: 26739: 26731: 26695:Right to resist 26645:Right of asylum 26536: 26529: 26523: 26493: 26488: 26450: 26429:Racism in sport 26327: 26321:White supremacy 26160: 25928: 25864:Ethnic conflict 25836: 25830: 25724:Types of racism 25719: 25714: 25684: 25679: 25651: 25526:Polyculturalism 25422:Civil liberties 25390: 25371:Reappropriation 25272:Countermeasures 25267: 25196:Racial steering 25162:Numerus clausus 25066: 25060: 24785:Ethnic conflict 24720:Corrective rape 24671: 24311: 24266:minority Muslim 24153: 24045:HIV/AIDS stigma 23913: 23862:Mental disorder 23800: 23769: 23764: 23734: 23729: 23671: 23665: 23635: 23630: 23576:Book of Negroes 23530:Anti-Tom novels 23508: 23481: 23446: 23420: 23385: 23355:The Known World 23235: 23228: 23166: 23128:Up from Slavery 23031: 23020:Miguel de Buría 23002: 22971:Wallace Turnage 22907:Solomon Northup 22839:Fountain Hughes 22681:Jordan Anderson 22668: 22662: 22638:Esteban Montejo 22624: 22618: 22599: 22593: 22567: 22538:Olaudah Equiano 22520: 22503: 22473: 22437:Elizabeth Marsh 22425:Ólafur Egilsson 22413:Felice Caronni 22374: 22372: 22366: 22353: 22348: 22313: 22291: 22262: 22231: 22202:Digital History 22196: 22165: 22160: 22150: 22124: 22103: 22079: 22077: 22073: 22067: 22056: 22040: 22038: 22034: 22028: 22017: 22004: 21979: 21954: 21929: 21911: 21901: 21876: 21835: 21785: 21756: 21748:. p. 448. 21731: 21689: 21664: 21637: 21609:Digital History 21580:10.2307/2712264 21559: 21535: 21511: 21486: 21465: 21444: 21419: 21391: 21383:. Basic Books. 21375:Baptist, Edward 21370: 21221:10.2307/2234490 21127: 21106: 21091:. Hanover, NH: 21075: 21065:Greenwood Press 21047: 21019: 20994: 20969: 20944: 20915: 20891: 20866: 20841: 20820: 20795: 20770: 20762:. p. 281. 20745: 20717: 20673: 20634: 20624:Knopf Doubleday 20604: 20599: 20597:Further reading 20594: 20585: 20583: 20573: 20548: 20495: 20493: 20491: 20483:. p. 168. 20461: 20460: 20451: 20450: 20438: 20412: 20410: 20408: 20400:. p. 316. 20398:Greenwood Press 20380: 20352: 20324: 20286: 20261: 20230: 20171: 20140: 20138: 20103: 20089: 20087: 20085: 20060: 20037: 19996: 19950: 19868: 19842: 19819: 19782: 19764:, eds. (2008). 19753: 19735:, eds. (2007). 19724: 19705:on May 7, 2006. 19684: 19653: 19651: 19611: 19586: 19558: 19536: 19510:Applebaum, Anne 19499: 19497: 19478: 19473: 19472: 19462: 19460: 19455: 19454: 19450: 19435:10.2307/3660347 19417: 19413: 19382: 19378: 19370: 19366: 19358: 19351: 19328:10.2307/2904301 19308: 19304: 19297: 19277: 19273: 19263: 19261: 19242: 19238: 19231: 19211: 19207: 19195: 19194: 19185: 19184: 19180: 19154: 19150: 19145:. pp. 6–7. 19137: 19133: 19123: 19121: 19111: 19107: 19097: 19095: 19085: 19081: 19060: 19056: 19042: 19040: 19027: 19026: 19022: 19012: 19010: 19002: 19001: 18997: 18987: 18985: 18975: 18971: 18961: 18959: 18942: 18938: 18928: 18926: 18917: 18916: 18912: 18902: 18900: 18891: 18890: 18886: 18876: 18874: 18871:Chicago Tribune 18862: 18855: 18846: 18844: 18829: 18825: 18815: 18813: 18802: 18798: 18783: 18769: 18765: 18755: 18753: 18748: 18747: 18743: 18726: 18719: 18709: 18707: 18699: 18698: 18694: 18684: 18682: 18678: 18672:Yale University 18667: 18663: 18662: 18658: 18648: 18646: 18637: 18636: 18632: 18622: 18620: 18615: 18614: 18610: 18600: 18598: 18589: 18588: 18584: 18574: 18572: 18563: 18562: 18558: 18551: 18535: 18531: 18508:10.2307/2649071 18488: 18484: 18449: 18445: 18410: 18406: 18392: 18390: 18388: 18372: 18368: 18358: 18356: 18347: 18346: 18342: 18332: 18330: 18310: 18306: 18296: 18280: 18276: 18266: 18264: 18254:Dussel, Enrique 18251: 18247: 18240: 18224: 18223: 18219: 18212: 18196: 18195: 18191: 18181: 18179: 18175: 18168: 18162: 18158: 18143: 18141: 18128: 18124: 18114: 18112: 18107: 18106: 18099: 18089: 18087: 18074: 18073: 18069: 18059: 18057: 18056:on July 8, 2009 18044: 18043: 18039: 18029: 18027: 18020:Inside Investor 18012: 18008: 17998: 17996: 17992: 17988: 17987: 17983: 17973: 17971: 17959: 17955: 17945: 17943: 17942:on May 22, 2024 17922: 17918: 17899: 17898: 17894: 17879: 17875: 17865: 17863: 17862:. June 15, 2023 17852: 17851: 17847: 17837: 17835: 17834:. March 3, 2022 17824: 17823: 17819: 17805: 17803: 17792: 17791: 17787: 17777: 17775: 17760: 17759: 17755: 17745: 17743: 17728: 17727: 17723: 17711: 17710: 17701: 17700: 17693: 17691: 17680: 17679: 17675: 17665: 17663: 17650: 17649: 17645: 17635: 17633: 17617: 17616: 17612: 17602: 17600: 17589: 17588: 17584: 17574: 17572: 17559: 17558: 17554: 17544: 17542: 17533: 17532: 17528: 17518: 17516: 17506: 17502: 17492: 17490: 17482: 17481: 17477: 17467: 17465: 17456: 17455: 17451: 17441: 17439: 17430: 17429: 17425: 17410: 17406: 17386: 17382: 17361: 17360: 17356: 17347: 17346: 17342: 17329: 17325: 17312: 17311: 17307: 17297: 17295: 17280: 17276: 17266: 17264: 17254: 17250: 17240: 17238: 17230: 17229: 17225: 17215: 17213: 17201: 17197: 17187: 17185: 17173: 17169: 17159: 17157: 17146: 17142: 17132: 17130: 17120: 17116: 17106: 17104: 17097: 17093: 17083: 17081: 17066: 17062: 17047: 17046: 17042: 17028: 17026: 17019: 17000: 16996: 16986: 16984: 16975: 16974: 16970: 16960: 16958: 16938: 16934: 16919: 16915: 16908: 16896: 16895: 16891: 16883: 16879: 16869: 16867: 16854: 16853: 16849: 16839: 16837: 16824: 16823: 16819: 16809: 16807: 16796: 16795: 16791: 16781: 16779: 16778:on May 21, 2009 16770: 16769: 16765: 16755: 16753: 16751: 16743:. p. 452. 16731: 16727: 16722: 16713: 16708: 16699: 16689: 16687: 16682: 16681: 16677: 16670: 16653: 16649: 16636: 16635: 16631: 16599: 16595: 16585: 16583: 16578: 16577: 16573: 16563: 16561: 16552: 16551: 16547: 16539: 16535: 16525: 16523: 16517: 16513: 16502: 16498: 16487: 16483: 16473: 16471: 16469:reshafim.org.il 16463: 16462: 16458: 16451: 16425: 16421: 16405: 16404: 16400: 16365: 16361: 16346: 16345: 16341: 16324:Applebaum, Anne 16321: 16317: 16305: 16304: 16295: 16294: 16284: 16280: 16263:Conquest (1978) 16260: 16256: 16248: 16244: 16236: 16232: 16206: 16202: 16188: 16186: 16177: 16176: 16172: 16156: 16152: 16142: 16140: 16136: 16129: 16123: 16119: 16109: 16107: 16102: 16101: 16097: 16087: 16085: 16076: 16075: 16071: 16054: 16053: 16049: 16042: 16026: 16022: 16014: 16003: 15994: 15990: 15982: 15975: 15971:Matsuki, Eizo. 15969: 15965: 15934: 15930: 15907: 15903: 15893: 15891: 15889: 15881:. p. 106. 15869: 15865: 15858: 15838: 15834: 15824: 15822: 15820: 15800: 15796: 15786: 15784: 15782: 15774:. p. 156. 15762: 15758: 15751: 15731: 15722: 15712: 15710: 15708: 15692: 15688: 15675: 15674: 15670: 15660: 15658: 15657:. Libro.uca.edu 15651: 15647: 15640: 15626: 15622: 15590: 15583: 15573: 15571: 15562: 15561: 15557: 15547: 15545: 15535: 15531: 15524: 15504: 15500: 15490: 15488: 15481: 15477: 15467: 15465: 15461: 15460: 15453: 15443: 15441: 15432: 15431: 15427: 15413: 15409: 15402: 15384: 15380: 15370: 15368: 15355: 15354: 15350: 15331: 15327: 15290: 15286: 15272: 15270: 15268: 15260:. p. 139. 15248: 15244: 15230: 15228: 15226: 15206: 15202: 15192: 15190: 15188: 15168: 15164: 15154: 15152: 15150: 15142:. p. 417. 15130: 15126: 15116: 15114: 15109: 15108: 15104: 15094: 15092: 15085: 15081: 15071: 15069: 15060: 15059: 15055: 15048: 15029: 15025: 15018: 15001: 14997: 14960: 14956: 14949: 14935: 14931: 14924: 14902: 14898: 14891: 14871: 14867: 14855: 14846: 14837: 14827: 14825: 14816: 14815: 14811: 14801: 14799: 14797: 14777: 14773: 14763: 14761: 14752: 14751: 14747: 14708: 14704: 14687: 14685: 14683: 14675:. p. 253. 14663: 14659: 14652: 14632: 14621: 14602: 14595: 14589: 14585: 14556: 14552: 14542: 14538: 14517: 14513: 14488:Richards (2012) 14474: 14470: 14457: 14456: 14452: 14406: 14402: 14396: 14392: 14385: 14371: 14367: 14357: 14355: 14353: 14333: 14329: 14322: 14308: 14304: 14294: 14292: 14290: 14270: 14266: 14256: 14254: 14252: 14244:. p. 144. 14232: 14228: 14213: 14209: 14186: 14182: 14174:, p. 168; 14172:Saunders (1982) 14168:de Sande (2012) 14166: 14162: 14147: 14131: 14127: 14120: 14102: 14098: 14090: 14086: 14075: 14061: 14054: 14043: 14029: 14025: 14011: 14009: 14007: 13999:. p. 208. 13987: 13983: 13973: 13971: 13969: 13949: 13945: 13935: 13933: 13931: 13923:. p. 170. 13911: 13907: 13896: 13892: 13879: 13877: 13875: 13849: 13845: 13835: 13833: 13831: 13823:. p. 187. 13813:, eds. (2010). 13804: 13800: 13790: 13788: 13786: 13778:. p. 479. 13768:, eds. (2005). 13759: 13755: 13745: 13743: 13741: 13733:. p. 408. 13721: 13717: 13710: 13692: 13688: 13678: 13676: 13663: 13662: 13658: 13648: 13646: 13639:The Japan Times 13631: 13627: 13620: 13612:. p. 277. 13600: 13593: 13586: 13570: 13566: 13556: 13554: 13552: 13532: 13525: 13517: 13513: 13505: 13496: 13486: 13484: 13482: 13474:. p. 141. 13462: 13458: 13444: 13442: 13440: 13420: 13416: 13408: 13404: 13394: 13392: 13373: 13369: 13362: 13342: 13333: 13325: 13304: 13296: 13292: 13284: 13280: 13270: 13268: 13266: 13258:. p. 148. 13246: 13242: 13232: 13230: 13228: 13208: 13204: 13198: 13165: 13161: 13154: 13134: 13130: 13114: 13110: 13085: 13084: 13080: 13073: 13053: 13049: 13042: 13022: 13018: 13011: 13001:Greenwood Press 12991: 12987: 12982: 12978: 12973: 12969: 12961: 12952: 12944: 12940: 12939: 12935: 12896: 12892: 12882: 12880: 12867: 12866: 12862: 12855: 12835: 12831: 12821: 12819: 12809: 12805: 12795: 12793: 12778: 12774: 12761: 12760: 12756: 12746: 12744: 12735: 12734: 12730: 12713: 12712: 12708: 12700: 12681: 12677: 12670: 12662:. p. 129. 12650: 12646: 12639: 12623: 12619: 12608: 12601: 12590: 12578:. Gainesville: 12570: 12566: 12545: 12541: 12534: 12514: 12510: 12495: 12491: 12483: 12479: 12472: 12464:. p. 145. 12452: 12448: 12438: 12436: 12435:on June 8, 2008 12419: 12415: 12408: 12385: 12381: 12371: 12369: 12356: 12355: 12351: 12341: 12339: 12326: 12325: 12321: 12308: 12307: 12303: 12293: 12291: 12280: 12276: 12269: 12247: 12243: 12236: 12219: 12215: 12208: 12190: 12186: 12176: 12174: 12165: 12164: 12160: 12145: 12138: 12111:, p. 322; 12107: 12103: 12096: 12079: 12075: 12068: 12052: 12048: 12038: 12036: 12031: 12030: 12026: 12016:Donoghue (2010) 12010: 12006: 11965: 11961: 11953: 11939: 11935: 11922: 11921: 11917: 11909: 11891: 11887: 11882:. May 29, 1537. 11874: 11873: 11869: 11856: 11855: 11851: 11841: 11839: 11824: 11823: 11819: 11805: 11803: 11801: 11783: 11779: 11742: 11738: 11728: 11726: 11718: 11717: 11713: 11706: 11686: 11682: 11665: 11664: 11660: 11653: 11633: 11629: 11622: 11606: 11602: 11592: 11590: 11573: 11572: 11568: 11558: 11556: 11546: 11542: 11532: 11530: 11507: 11498: 11488: 11486: 11474: 11470: 11455: 11451: 11438: 11434: 11419: 11412: 11402: 11400: 11398: 11382: 11378: 11370: 11366: 11356: 11354: 11345: 11344: 11340: 11330: 11328: 11319: 11318: 11314: 11304: 11302: 11289:"Swahili Coast" 11287: 11286: 11282: 11272: 11270: 11262: 11261: 11257: 11234: 11230: 11219: 11215: 11205: 11203: 11183: 11176: 11166: 11164: 11155: 11154: 11150: 11139: 11119: 11115: 11105: 11089: 11085: 11078: 11062: 11058: 11048: 11046: 11037: 11036: 11032: 11017: 11013: 11007:Rodriguez 2007a 11005: 11001: 10994: 10974: 10970: 10960: 10958: 10957:on May 15, 2011 10954: 10947: 10943: 10942: 10938: 10928: 10926: 10911: 10910: 10906: 10899: 10879: 10875: 10867: 10863: 10856: 10840: 10836: 10829: 10821:. p. 258. 10808: 10804: 10787: 10786: 10782: 10775: 10759: 10752: 10728:African Affairs 10720: 10713: 10699: 10697: 10688: 10684: 10674: 10672: 10659: 10655: 10648: 10632:. Vol. 2. 10626: 10622: 10612: 10610: 10597: 10596: 10592: 10582: 10580: 10576: 10570: 10566: 10554: 10553: 10544: 10543: 10539: 10513: 10509: 10496:(May 6, 2023). 10494:Hellie, Richard 10491: 10484: 10469: 10465: 10458: 10438: 10434: 10424: 10422: 10402: 10398: 10380: 10376: 10366: 10364: 10349: 10348: 10344: 10336:. p. 138. 10326: 10322: 10312: 10310: 10309:. 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Boulder, CO: 9452: 9448: 9437: 9433: 9426: 9408: 9404: 9397: 9383: 9379: 9369: 9367: 9358: 9357: 9353: 9343: 9341: 9332: 9331: 9327: 9319: 9312: 9295: 9293: 9282: 9281: 9274: 9269: 9260: 9250: 9248: 9239: 9238: 9234: 9224: 9203: 9199: 9192: 9178: 9174: 9167: 9153: 9149: 9130: 9126: 9090: 9086: 9079: 9065: 9061: 9051: 9049: 9034: 9030: 9016: 9014: 9012: 8980: 8976: 8966: 8964: 8962: 8954:. p. 162. 8942: 8938: 8915: 8911: 8898: 8894: 8883: 8860: 8856: 8849: 8827:Köbler, Gerhard 8824: 8820: 8813: 8805:. p. 676. 8788: 8784: 8758: 8754: 8739: 8727: 8723: 8701: 8697: 8689: 8685: 8672: 8671: 8667: 8630: 8626: 8614: 8613: 8609: 8599: 8597: 8584: 8583: 8579: 8558: 8554: 8544: 8542: 8531: 8527: 8517: 8515: 8498: 8491: 8481: 8479: 8478:on May 27, 2010 8470: 8469: 8462: 8455: 8445:SAGE Publishing 8435: 8431: 8423: 8419: 8402: 8401: 8384: 8377: 8367:SAGE Publishing 8365:. Vol. 3. 8355: 8351: 8344: 8324: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8291:Slave rebellion 8247: 8226: 8224: 8214: 8212: 8171: 8169: 8165:Gugu Mbatha-Raw 8142:Solomon Northup 8123: 8121: 8111: 8109: 8069: 8067: 8027: 8025: 8015: 8013: 7998:500 Years Later 7974: 7972: 7935: 7933: 7894: 7892: 7872:Muhteşem Yüzyıl 7852: 7850: 7844:Kwak Jung-hwan 7814: 7812: 7802: 7800: 7762: 7760: 7750: 7748: 7713: 7711: 7672: 7670: 7660: 7658: 7616: 7614: 7574: 7572: 7526: 7524: 7475: 7473: 7427: 7425: 7370: 7368: 7321: 7319: 7277: 7275: 7224: 7222: 7184: 7182: 7173:Vincent Sherman 7142: 7140: 7131:Stanley Kubrick 7096: 7094: 7017:The Last Supper 6943: 6937: 6906: 6900: 6891:Muammar Gaddafi 6864:Ken Livingstone 6861:Mayor of London 6815:Mathieu Kérékou 6781: 6763:Free the Slaves 6744:Thích Nhất Hạnh 6673: 6645:Slave Trade Act 6629:Thomas Clarkson 6621:Olaudah Equiano 6617:Ottobah Cugoano 6595: 6571:Olaudah Equiano 6536:Bleeding Kansas 6500: 6460: 6440: 6304: 6302: 6297: 6249:Hamerton Treaty 6215:Capture of the 6186:Capture of the 6180:Veloz Passagera 6178:Capture of the 6170:Capture of the 6162:Capture of the 6154:Capture of the 6146:Capture of the 6050: 6047: 6045: 6015: 6008: 6002: 5973: 5964: 5930: 5906: 5900: 5888: 5856: 5764: 5758: 5707: 5634: 5608: 5570:and trafficked 5550:slaves was the 5538:, 19th century. 5400:Pharaonic Egypt 5391: 5365: 5343: 5337:'s paradigms". 5209: 5203: 5173: 5159: 5143:Peter the Great 5077:Crimean Khanate 5047:Barbary Pirates 5035:Yaqub al-Mansur 4990:Tatar invasions 4957:Ottoman Algeria 4915:John Gillingham 4797:Pope Nicholas V 4781:Catholic Church 4759: 4743:Main articles: 4741: 4644: 4632:Main articles: 4630: 4625: 4603: 4578: 4566:Main articles: 4564: 4562:South East Asia 4510: 4305:Mongol invasion 4223: 4201: 4196: 4190: 4165:private prisons 4161:refused to work 4121:convict leasing 4090:Abraham Lincoln 4081: 3983:divided by the 3965:British America 3934: 3887:French colonial 3804:Saint-Domingue 3764: 3689: 3650:, in French as 3594:Statue of Bussa 3575: 3530: 3514:Anthony Johnson 3408: 3407: 3406: 3405: 3393: 3392: 3391: 3382: 3381: 3380: 3326:of Brazil, the 3305: 3275: 3263:Aro Confederacy 3145:German doctor, 3138:main slave port 2860: 2854: 2824:peoples of the 2822:American Indian 2818:hunter-gatherer 2806: 2800: 2794: 2786:double jeopardy 2766: 2758:Convict leasing 2693: 2688: 2672: 2658:Egypt and Nubia 2638: 2536: 2531: 2529:Characteristics 2476:anti-psychiatry 2461:military drafts 2453: 2437: 2427: 2425:Forced marriage 2407: 2397: 2391: 2355: 2349: 2343: 2319: 2290: 2280: 2274: 2247:in Saudi Arabia 2198:the Middle East 2121: 2119:Chattel slavery 2095:unfree labourer 2091: 1962:Byzantine Greek 1937: 1887:, a slave from 1859:chattel slavery 1828:granted freedom 1808:enslaved person 1794:of a person as 1781: 1752: 1751: 1656:Slave narrative 1612:Fugitive slaves 1592: 1584: 1583: 1574: 1542:Slave rebellion 1397: 1387: 1386: 1345: 1335: 1334: 1157:United Kingdom 1093:Yankee princess 687: 679: 678: 406:Avret Pazarları 352:Avret Pazarları 221:Medieval Europe 187: 177: 176: 115:Forced marriage 90: 49: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Enslaved people 15: 12: 11: 5: 35628: 35618: 35617: 35615:Social classes 35612: 35607: 35602: 35597: 35592: 35575: 35574: 35569: 35568: 35565: 35564: 35561: 35560: 35558: 35557: 35552: 35550:Utilitarianism 35547: 35542: 35537: 35528: 35523: 35518: 35513: 35508: 35503: 35494: 35489: 35484: 35478:Pythagoreanism 35475: 35470: 35465: 35460: 35455: 35450: 35441: 35436: 35431: 35426: 35421: 35416: 35411: 35406: 35401: 35392: 35387: 35382: 35377: 35372: 35367: 35365:Neo-Kantianism 35358: 35353: 35348: 35343: 35338: 35333: 35324: 35319: 35310: 35305: 35300: 35295: 35290: 35285: 35283:Existentialism 35280: 35275: 35270: 35265: 35260: 35255: 35250: 35245: 35240: 35235: 35226: 35221: 35216: 35211: 35206: 35201: 35196: 35190: 35188: 35180: 35179: 35177: 35176: 35174:Zoroastrianism 35171: 35166: 35161: 35156: 35151: 35146: 35141: 35136: 35119: 35114: 35109: 35104: 35099: 35094: 35089: 35084: 35079: 35074: 35073: 35072: 35062: 35057: 35052: 35047: 35042: 35036: 35034: 35028: 35027: 35025: 35024: 35019: 35017:Utilitarianism 35014: 35009: 35004: 34999: 34994: 34989: 34984: 34979: 34974: 34969: 34964: 34959: 34954: 34952:Libertarianism 34949: 34944: 34939: 34934: 34929: 34924: 34919: 34917:Green politics 34914: 34909: 34907:Fundamentalism 34904: 34899: 34894: 34889: 34884: 34879: 34874: 34869: 34864: 34859: 34854: 34849: 34844: 34839: 34834: 34829: 34824: 34818: 34816: 34807: 34806: 34804: 34803: 34798: 34793: 34788: 34783: 34777: 34775: 34765: 34764: 34754: 34753: 34750: 34749: 34746: 34745: 34743: 34742: 34737: 34732: 34723: 34721:Unspoken rules 34718: 34713: 34708: 34703: 34698: 34693: 34688: 34683: 34678: 34673: 34668: 34667: 34666: 34656: 34651: 34646: 34641: 34636: 34631: 34626: 34621: 34616: 34611: 34606: 34605: 34604: 34594: 34589: 34584: 34579: 34574: 34573: 34572: 34562: 34561: 34560: 34555: 34545: 34540: 34535: 34530: 34525: 34520: 34515: 34506: 34501: 34500: 34499: 34489: 34484: 34479: 34474: 34469: 34464: 34463: 34462: 34452: 34447: 34446: 34445: 34440: 34430: 34425: 34420: 34415: 34410: 34405: 34400: 34395: 34390: 34385: 34380: 34375: 34370: 34361: 34356: 34350: 34348: 34342: 34341: 34339: 34338: 34333: 34328: 34323: 34318: 34313: 34308: 34303: 34298: 34293: 34292: 34291: 34281: 34280: 34279: 34269: 34268: 34267: 34257: 34252: 34251: 34250: 34240: 34235: 34234: 34233: 34223: 34218: 34213: 34208: 34203: 34198: 34193: 34188: 34183: 34178: 34173: 34168: 34163: 34154: 34149: 34144: 34135: 34130: 34125: 34124: 34123: 34113: 34108: 34107: 34106: 34096: 34091: 34090: 34089: 34079: 34074: 34069: 34064: 34059: 34053: 34051: 34045: 34044: 34042: 34041: 34036: 34035: 34034: 34029: 34019: 34018: 34017: 34007: 34002: 33997: 33996: 33995: 33990: 33980: 33975: 33970: 33965: 33960: 33958:Meta-knowledge 33955: 33950: 33948:Meaning-making 33945: 33940: 33935: 33934: 33933: 33923: 33918: 33917: 33916: 33911: 33901: 33900: 33899: 33889: 33884: 33883: 33882: 33871: 33869: 33863: 33862: 33860: 33859: 33854: 33849: 33844: 33839: 33834: 33829: 33824: 33819: 33814: 33809: 33808: 33807: 33797: 33792: 33787: 33782: 33777: 33772: 33767: 33762: 33757: 33752: 33747: 33742: 33737: 33735:Milieu control 33732: 33727: 33722: 33713: 33708: 33706:Invisible hand 33703: 33698: 33693: 33688: 33683: 33678: 33673: 33668: 33663: 33661:Group dynamics 33658: 33653: 33648: 33643: 33638: 33633: 33628: 33623: 33618: 33613: 33608: 33603: 33598: 33593: 33588: 33583: 33578: 33577: 33576: 33566: 33561: 33556: 33550: 33548: 33542: 33541: 33539: 33538: 33533: 33528: 33523: 33510: 33505: 33504: 33503: 33493: 33488: 33483: 33478: 33473: 33468: 33463: 33458: 33453: 33452: 33451: 33441: 33440: 33439: 33429: 33424: 33419: 33410: 33405: 33392: 33387: 33382: 33377: 33372: 33367: 33362: 33361: 33360: 33355: 33344: 33342: 33336: 33335: 33333: 33332: 33327: 33322: 33317: 33312: 33307: 33302: 33300:Social control 33297: 33292: 33287: 33282: 33277: 33272: 33267: 33266: 33265: 33255: 33250: 33245: 33240: 33235: 33230: 33228:Polite fiction 33225: 33220: 33215: 33210: 33205: 33200: 33195: 33193:Indoctrination 33190: 33185: 33184: 33183: 33173: 33168: 33163: 33158: 33157: 33156: 33151: 33141: 33136: 33131: 33126: 33121: 33116: 33111: 33106: 33101: 33096: 33091: 33086: 33081: 33076: 33070: 33068: 33062: 33061: 33059: 33058: 33057: 33056: 33046: 33041: 33040: 33039: 33034: 33032:placebo effect 33029: 33019: 33017:Self-deception 33014: 33009: 33004: 32999: 32994: 32989: 32984: 32979: 32974: 32969: 32964: 32959: 32954: 32949: 32944: 32939: 32938: 32937: 32927: 32922: 32917: 32912: 32906: 32904: 32894: 32893: 32883: 32882: 32879: 32878: 32876: 32875: 32870: 32865: 32860: 32858:Social reality 32855: 32850: 32845: 32840: 32838:Reality tunnel 32835: 32830: 32825: 32820: 32815: 32810: 32805: 32800: 32795: 32790: 32781: 32776: 32771: 32766: 32761: 32752: 32746:National epics 32739: 32734: 32729: 32724: 32719: 32714: 32705: 32695: 32692: 32691: 32681: 32680: 32673: 32672: 32665: 32658: 32650: 32641: 32640: 32638: 32637: 32625: 32612: 32609: 32608: 32606: 32605: 32598: 32597: 32596: 32589: 32582: 32575: 32563: 32556: 32549: 32548: 32547: 32533: 32526: 32519: 32512: 32505: 32498: 32491: 32484: 32477: 32470: 32463: 32456: 32449: 32442: 32435: 32427: 32425: 32419: 32418: 32416: 32415: 32408: 32401: 32393: 32391: 32387: 32386: 32384: 32383: 32376: 32373:Rehabilitation 32368: 32366: 32365:Leaving prison 32362: 32361: 32359: 32358: 32351: 32344: 32337: 32330: 32323: 32314: 32307: 32300: 32293: 32286: 32279: 32272: 32265: 32258: 32255:Justice Action 32251: 32244: 32237: 32234:Black and Pink 32230: 32221: 32219: 32215: 32214: 32212: 32211: 32210: 32209: 32195: 32188: 32181: 32174: 32167: 32160: 32153: 32152: 32151: 32137: 32136: 32135: 32121: 32114: 32113: 32112: 32098: 32091: 32084: 32077: 32070: 32063: 32056: 32049: 32042: 32041: 32040: 32025: 32023: 32019: 32018: 32016: 32015: 32008: 32001: 31994: 31993: 31992: 31985: 31971: 31970: 31969: 31955: 31948: 31940: 31938: 31934: 31933: 31930: 31929: 31927: 31926: 31919: 31918: 31917: 31907:Prison escapes 31902: 31900: 31894: 31893: 31891: 31890: 31883: 31876: 31869: 31862: 31855: 31848: 31841: 31834: 31827: 31819: 31817: 31813: 31812: 31810: 31809: 31802: 31795: 31788: 31781: 31774: 31766: 31764: 31760: 31759: 31757: 31756: 31749: 31742: 31735: 31728: 31721: 31714: 31713: 31712: 31705: 31691: 31684: 31677: 31670: 31663: 31656: 31649: 31641: 31639: 31632: 31626: 31625: 31623: 31622: 31615: 31608: 31601: 31594: 31587: 31580: 31573: 31565: 31563: 31557: 31556: 31554: 31553: 31546: 31539: 31532: 31525: 31517: 31515: 31511: 31510: 31503: 31502: 31495: 31488: 31480: 31471: 31470: 31468: 31467: 31457: 31446: 31443: 31442: 31439: 31438: 31436: 31435: 31434: 31433: 31423: 31421:Pan-Africanism 31418: 31413: 31408: 31406:Creole peoples 31403: 31398: 31393: 31388: 31387: 31386: 31381: 31376: 31371: 31366: 31356: 31351: 31346: 31340: 31338: 31332: 31331: 31329: 31328: 31323: 31322: 31321: 31310: 31308: 31302: 31301: 31299: 31298: 31297: 31296: 31291: 31286: 31278: 31277: 31276: 31271: 31262: 31260: 31256: 31255: 31253: 31252: 31251: 31250: 31242: 31241: 31240: 31235: 31227: 31226: 31225: 31217: 31216: 31215: 31210: 31201: 31199: 31190: 31182: 31181: 31178: 31177: 31175: 31174: 31168: 31166: 31162: 31161: 31159: 31158: 31157: 31156: 31146: 31141: 31136: 31131: 31130: 31129: 31124: 31122:Black Dutchmen 31114: 31113: 31112: 31111: 31110: 31097: 31092: 31091: 31090: 31085: 31075: 31069: 31067: 31058: 31057: 31055: 31054: 31049: 31044: 31043: 31042: 31032: 31027: 31022: 31017: 31012: 31007: 31006: 31005: 31000: 30990: 30985: 30979: 30977: 30971: 30970: 30968: 30967: 30966: 30965: 30960: 30955: 30950: 30945: 30938:United Kingdom 30935: 30930: 30925: 30920: 30915: 30910: 30905: 30900: 30895: 30890: 30885: 30880: 30875: 30874: 30873: 30863: 30858: 30857: 30856: 30846: 30841: 30836: 30831: 30826: 30820: 30818: 30806: 30805: 30802: 30801: 30799: 30798: 30793: 30788: 30787: 30786: 30781: 30776: 30771: 30766: 30756: 30751: 30746: 30741: 30740: 30739: 30734: 30729: 30719: 30714: 30713: 30712: 30702: 30697: 30696: 30695: 30690: 30685: 30675: 30670: 30664: 30662: 30656: 30655: 30653: 30652: 30651: 30650: 30645: 30640: 30635: 30630: 30625: 30620: 30615: 30610: 30605: 30600: 30595: 30590: 30589: 30588: 30583: 30578: 30577: 30576: 30571: 30569:Creek freedmen 30566: 30561: 30556: 30542: 30540:Black Hispanic 30537: 30532: 30527: 30522: 30517: 30506:United States 30504: 30503: 30502: 30492: 30491: 30490: 30485: 30480: 30475: 30470: 30465: 30460: 30449: 30447: 30441: 30440: 30438: 30437: 30436: 30435: 30425: 30420: 30419: 30418: 30411:Miskito people 30408: 30403: 30398: 30393: 30388: 30387: 30386: 30375: 30373: 30367: 30366: 30364: 30363: 30358: 30357: 30356: 30351: 30341: 30340: 30339: 30329: 30324: 30319: 30314: 30313: 30312: 30307: 30302: 30292: 30291: 30290: 30285: 30275: 30270: 30269: 30268: 30263: 30253: 30248: 30243: 30242: 30241: 30236: 30231: 30221: 30219:Cayman Islands 30216: 30211: 30206: 30201: 30196: 30191: 30185: 30183: 30174: 30160: 30156: 30155: 30148: 30147: 30140: 30133: 30125: 30116: 30115: 30113: 30112: 30101: 30098: 30097: 30094: 30093: 30090: 30089: 30087: 30086: 30081: 30076: 30071: 30069:Ottoman Empire 30066: 30061: 30056: 30054:Ancient Greece 30051: 30045: 30043: 30039: 30038: 30036: 30035: 30030: 30028:United Kingdom 30025: 30020: 30015: 30010: 30005: 30000: 29995: 29990: 29985: 29980: 29975: 29970: 29965: 29960: 29955: 29950: 29945: 29939: 29937: 29931: 29930: 29927: 29926: 29924: 29923: 29921:Home-ownership 29918: 29913: 29907: 29905: 29899: 29898: 29896: 29895: 29890: 29885: 29880: 29874: 29872: 29866: 29865: 29863: 29862: 29861: 29860: 29855: 29845: 29844: 29843: 29838: 29833: 29823: 29822: 29821: 29816: 29811: 29800: 29798: 29792: 29791: 29789: 29788: 29783: 29778: 29776:American Dream 29773: 29767: 29761: 29751: 29750: 29738: 29737: 29734: 29733: 29730: 29729: 29726: 29725: 29723: 29722: 29717: 29708: 29703: 29698: 29689: 29680: 29675: 29670: 29664: 29662: 29656: 29655: 29653: 29652: 29647: 29642: 29637: 29632: 29627: 29621: 29619: 29613: 29612: 29610: 29609: 29604: 29599: 29594: 29593: 29592: 29581: 29579: 29573: 29572: 29570: 29569: 29563: 29561: 29555: 29554: 29552: 29551: 29544: 29535: 29530: 29525: 29520: 29519: 29518: 29513: 29503: 29498: 29493: 29488: 29482: 29480: 29474: 29473: 29471: 29470: 29461: 29456: 29451: 29446: 29441: 29436: 29431: 29426: 29421: 29416: 29411: 29406: 29400: 29398: 29392: 29391: 29389: 29388: 29383: 29378: 29373: 29372: 29371: 29360: 29358: 29352: 29351: 29349: 29348: 29343: 29342: 29341: 29336: 29335: 29334: 29319: 29318: 29317: 29312: 29304: 29303: 29302: 29292: 29287: 29282: 29281: 29280: 29269: 29267: 29258: 29254: 29253: 29251: 29250: 29245: 29240: 29235: 29230: 29225: 29219: 29217: 29209: 29208: 29206: 29205: 29200: 29195: 29190: 29188:Migrant worker 29185: 29180: 29179: 29178: 29168: 29167: 29166: 29161: 29156: 29151: 29141: 29140: 29139: 29134: 29124: 29118: 29116: 29108: 29107: 29104:By demographic 29095: 29094: 29091: 29090: 29088: 29087: 29084:Status Anxiety 29080: 29075: 29070: 29065: 29060: 29055: 29050: 29045: 29040: 29038:Ranked society 29035: 29030: 29017: 29012: 29007: 29002: 28997: 28992: 28987: 28982: 28980:Class conflict 28977: 28972: 28966: 28964: 28963: topics 28958: 28957: 28955: 28954: 28949: 28944: 28939: 28937:Mudsill theory 28934: 28929: 28924: 28918: 28916: 28908: 28907: 28905: 28904: 28897: 28890: 28882: 28879: 28878: 28875: 28874: 28868: 28865: 28864: 28857: 28850: 28842: 28833: 28832: 28830: 28829: 28824: 28819: 28814: 28809: 28804: 28799: 28794: 28788: 28787: 28778: 28775: 28774: 28772: 28771: 28766: 28761: 28756: 28751: 28749:Sunday scaries 28746: 28741: 28736: 28731: 28726: 28721: 28716: 28711: 28706: 28701: 28696: 28691: 28686: 28680: 28678: 28674: 28673: 28666: 28665: 28660: 28655: 28650: 28645: 28640: 28635: 28630: 28625: 28620: 28615: 28610: 28605: 28599: 28597: 28593: 28592: 28590: 28589: 28584: 28579: 28578: 28577: 28572: 28562: 28557: 28552: 28547: 28542: 28537: 28532: 28527: 28526: 28525: 28520: 28515: 28510: 28500: 28498:Phillips curve 28495: 28490: 28485: 28480: 28475: 28470: 28469: 28468: 28463: 28453: 28448: 28442: 28440: 28434: 28433: 28431: 28430: 28425: 28424: 28423: 28418: 28408: 28407: 28406: 28401: 28399:Retirement age 28396: 28386: 28381: 28380: 28379: 28369: 28364: 28359: 28354: 28352:Exit interview 28349: 28344: 28343: 28342: 28337: 28332: 28322: 28316: 28314: 28308: 28307: 28305: 28304: 28299: 28298: 28297: 28292: 28282: 28277: 28276: 28275: 28270: 28265: 28260: 28255: 28250: 28245: 28240: 28230: 28225: 28220: 28215: 28210: 28205: 28200: 28195: 28190: 28185: 28179: 28177: 28173: 28172: 28170: 28169: 28164: 28159: 28154: 28149: 28144: 28139: 28134: 28129: 28124: 28119: 28114: 28109: 28104: 28102:Discrimination 28099: 28098: 28097: 28092: 28087: 28082: 28071: 28069: 28065: 28064: 28062: 28061: 28056: 28054:Gender pay gap 28051: 28046: 28040: 28038: 28032: 28031: 28029: 28028: 28023: 28018: 28013: 28008: 28003: 28002: 28001: 27991: 27986: 27985: 27984: 27974: 27969: 27964: 27959: 27954: 27949: 27944: 27939: 27934: 27929: 27924: 27919: 27914: 27909: 27903: 27901: 27895: 27894: 27892: 27891: 27886: 27885: 27884: 27874: 27869: 27867:Parental leave 27864: 27862:Marriage leave 27859: 27857:Life insurance 27854: 27849: 27844: 27839: 27834: 27828: 27826: 27820: 27819: 27817: 27816: 27811: 27806: 27801: 27796: 27791: 27786: 27785: 27784: 27774: 27773: 27772: 27767: 27762: 27757: 27747: 27746: 27745: 27740: 27730: 27725: 27720: 27715: 27713:Income bracket 27709: 27707: 27697: 27696: 27694: 27693: 27688: 27683: 27678: 27673: 27668: 27663: 27658: 27653: 27648: 27643: 27641:Eight-hour day 27638: 27633: 27627: 27625: 27619: 27618: 27616: 27615: 27610: 27605: 27600: 27595: 27590: 27585: 27580: 27575: 27570: 27565: 27559: 27557: 27553: 27552: 27550: 27549: 27544: 27539: 27538: 27537: 27532: 27522: 27517: 27512: 27507: 27506: 27505: 27500: 27495: 27490: 27485: 27480: 27475: 27470: 27465: 27460: 27455: 27450: 27445: 27440: 27435: 27430: 27425: 27420: 27415: 27410: 27400: 27398:Creative class 27395: 27390: 27385: 27380: 27375: 27370: 27369: 27368: 27358: 27356:Apprenticeship 27352: 27350: 27340: 27339: 27337: 27336: 27331: 27326: 27324:Scarlet-collar 27321: 27316: 27311: 27306: 27301: 27296: 27291: 27286: 27281: 27276: 27270: 27268: 27262: 27261: 27259: 27258: 27253: 27248: 27243: 27238: 27233: 27228: 27223: 27218: 27212: 27210: 27206: 27205: 27203: 27202: 27197: 27192: 27187: 27182: 27177: 27172: 27167: 27162: 27157: 27152: 27147: 27142: 27137: 27132: 27127: 27122: 27117: 27116: 27115: 27105: 27100: 27095: 27090: 27085: 27080: 27075: 27070: 27064: 27062: 27056: 27055: 27053: 27052: 27047: 27042: 27040:Temporary work 27037: 27032: 27027: 27026: 27025: 27020: 27015: 27008:Skilled worker 27005: 27000: 26995: 26990: 26985: 26980: 26975: 26970: 26965: 26959: 26957: 26953: 26952: 26945: 26944: 26937: 26930: 26922: 26913: 26912: 26910: 26909: 26904: 26899: 26894: 26889: 26884: 26879: 26873: 26871: 26860: 26859: 26857: 26856: 26851: 26849:Right to water 26846: 26841: 26836: 26831: 26826: 26824:Right of reply 26821: 26816: 26811: 26806: 26801: 26796: 26791: 26786: 26781: 26776: 26771: 26766: 26761: 26756: 26751: 26749:Digital rights 26745: 26743: 26736: 26733: 26732: 26730: 26729: 26724: 26723: 26722: 26712: 26707: 26705:Right to truth 26702: 26697: 26692: 26687: 26682: 26677: 26672: 26667: 26662: 26657: 26652: 26647: 26642: 26637: 26632: 26627: 26622: 26617: 26612: 26607: 26602: 26597: 26592: 26587: 26582: 26577: 26572: 26567: 26562: 26557: 26552: 26546: 26544: 26538: 26537: 26534: 26531: 26530: 26522: 26521: 26514: 26507: 26499: 26490: 26489: 26487: 26486: 26476: 26466: 26455: 26452: 26451: 26449: 26448: 26443: 26441:Reverse racism 26438: 26437: 26436: 26426: 26421: 26416: 26414:Racial figleaf 26411: 26406: 26401: 26396: 26391: 26386: 26381: 26376: 26371: 26366: 26361: 26356: 26351: 26346: 26341: 26335: 26333: 26332:Related topics 26329: 26328: 26326: 26325: 26324: 26323: 26313: 26308: 26303: 26298: 26293: 26291:Middle Eastern 26288: 26283: 26282: 26281: 26276: 26266: 26265: 26264: 26254: 26249: 26248: 26247: 26242: 26232: 26231: 26230: 26225: 26224: 26223: 26213: 26212: 26211: 26206: 26196: 26195: 26194: 26189: 26174: 26168: 26166: 26162: 26161: 26159: 26158: 26157: 26156: 26151: 26146: 26136: 26135: 26134: 26129: 26124: 26114: 26113: 26112: 26107: 26102: 26097: 26087: 26086: 26085: 26083:United Kingdom 26080: 26075: 26070: 26065: 26060: 26055: 26050: 26045: 26040: 26035: 26025: 26020: 26019: 26018: 26013: 26008: 25998: 25997: 25996: 25991: 25986: 25981: 25976: 25971: 25961: 25960: 25959: 25954: 25944: 25938: 25936: 25930: 25929: 25927: 25926: 25921: 25916: 25911: 25906: 25901: 25896: 25891: 25886: 25881: 25876: 25871: 25866: 25861: 25856: 25851: 25846: 25840: 25838: 25835:Manifestations 25832: 25831: 25829: 25828: 25823: 25818: 25813: 25808: 25803: 25798: 25793: 25788: 25783: 25778: 25773: 25768: 25763: 25758: 25753: 25748: 25743: 25738: 25733: 25727: 25725: 25721: 25720: 25713: 25712: 25705: 25698: 25690: 25681: 25680: 25678: 25677: 25667: 25656: 25653: 25652: 25650: 25649: 25644: 25643: 25642: 25632: 25627: 25622: 25621: 25620: 25615: 25610: 25600: 25595: 25590: 25585: 25580: 25575: 25574: 25573: 25571:Reverse racism 25563: 25558: 25553: 25548: 25543: 25541:Prisoner abuse 25538: 25533: 25531:Power distance 25528: 25523: 25518: 25513: 25508: 25503: 25498: 25497: 25496: 25486: 25481: 25476: 25471: 25466: 25461: 25456: 25451: 25449:Ethnic penalty 25446: 25445: 25444: 25442:Neurodiversity 25439: 25429: 25427:Dehumanization 25424: 25419: 25417:Cisnormativity 25414: 25409: 25404: 25398: 25396: 25395:Related topics 25392: 25391: 25389: 25388: 25383: 25378: 25373: 25368: 25363: 25358: 25353: 25348: 25343: 25338: 25333: 25328: 25323: 25318: 25317: 25316: 25306: 25301: 25296: 25291: 25286: 25281: 25275: 25273: 25269: 25268: 25266: 25265: 25260: 25255: 25253:State religion 25250: 25245: 25240: 25235: 25234: 25233: 25228: 25223: 25218: 25208: 25203: 25198: 25193: 25192: 25191: 25189:Nuremberg Laws 25186: 25176: 25171: 25166: 25158: 25153: 25148: 25143: 25138: 25133: 25131:Ghetto benches 25128: 25126:Gerrymandering 25123: 25118: 25113: 25111:Gender pay gap 25108: 25107: 25106: 25101: 25091: 25086: 25081: 25076: 25070: 25068: 25065:Discriminatory 25062: 25061: 25059: 25058: 25053: 25048: 25043: 25038: 25033: 25028: 25023: 25018: 25013: 25008: 25003: 24998: 24993: 24988: 24983: 24978: 24973: 24968: 24963: 24958: 24953: 24948: 24943: 24942: 24941: 24936: 24931: 24921: 24916: 24911: 24906: 24901: 24896: 24894:Lavender scare 24891: 24889:Kill Haole Day 24886: 24884:Indian rolling 24881: 24876: 24871: 24866: 24861: 24860: 24859: 24849: 24844: 24843: 24842: 24832: 24827: 24822: 24817: 24812: 24807: 24802: 24797: 24792: 24787: 24782: 24777: 24772: 24770:Eliminationism 24767: 24762: 24757: 24752: 24747: 24742: 24737: 24732: 24727: 24722: 24717: 24712: 24707: 24705:Cancel culture 24702: 24697: 24692: 24691: 24690: 24679: 24677: 24676:Manifestations 24673: 24672: 24670: 24669: 24664: 24659: 24654: 24649: 24644: 24639: 24634: 24629: 24624: 24619: 24614: 24609: 24604: 24599: 24594: 24589: 24584: 24579: 24574: 24572:Middle Eastern 24569: 24564: 24559: 24554: 24549: 24544: 24539: 24538: 24537: 24527: 24522: 24517: 24512: 24511: 24510: 24505: 24500: 24492: 24487: 24482: 24477: 24472: 24467: 24462: 24457: 24452: 24447: 24442: 24437: 24432: 24427: 24422: 24417: 24412: 24407: 24406: 24405: 24400: 24395: 24385: 24380: 24375: 24374: 24373: 24368: 24363: 24353: 24348: 24343: 24338: 24333: 24328: 24322: 24320: 24313: 24312: 24310: 24309: 24307:Zoroastrianism 24304: 24299: 24294: 24289: 24284: 24283: 24282: 24272: 24271: 24270: 24269: 24268: 24263: 24258: 24253: 24248: 24233: 24232: 24231: 24229:Untouchability 24226: 24216: 24211: 24210: 24209: 24204: 24199: 24194: 24189: 24179: 24174: 24169: 24163: 24161: 24155: 24154: 24152: 24151: 24146: 24141: 24140: 24139: 24134: 24129: 24119: 24118: 24117: 24112: 24102: 24097: 24092: 24087: 24082: 24077: 24072: 24067: 24062: 24057: 24055:Leprosy stigma 24052: 24047: 24042: 24037: 24032: 24027: 24022: 24017: 24012: 24007: 24002: 23997: 23992: 23987: 23982: 23977: 23972: 23967: 23962: 23957: 23952: 23947: 23942: 23937: 23932: 23927: 23921: 23919: 23915: 23914: 23912: 23911: 23906: 23901: 23896: 23891: 23886: 23881: 23880: 23879: 23874: 23864: 23859: 23854: 23849: 23844: 23839: 23834: 23829: 23824: 23819: 23814: 23808: 23806: 23802: 23801: 23799: 23798: 23793: 23788: 23783: 23777: 23775: 23771: 23770: 23767:Discrimination 23763: 23762: 23755: 23748: 23740: 23731: 23730: 23728: 23727: 23722: 23717: 23712: 23707: 23702: 23697: 23695:Haruwa–charuwa 23692: 23687: 23682: 23676: 23673: 23672: 23664: 23663: 23656: 23649: 23641: 23632: 23631: 23629: 23628: 23620: 23612: 23604: 23596: 23588: 23580: 23572: 23567: 23562: 23557: 23552: 23547: 23542: 23537: 23532: 23527: 23522: 23516: 23514: 23510: 23509: 23507: 23506: 23498: 23489: 23487: 23483: 23482: 23480: 23479: 23471: 23463: 23454: 23452: 23448: 23447: 23445: 23444: 23436: 23428: 23426: 23422: 23421: 23419: 23418: 23410: 23402: 23393: 23391: 23387: 23386: 23384: 23383: 23375: 23367: 23359: 23351: 23343: 23335: 23327: 23319: 23315:Middle Passage 23311: 23303: 23295: 23287: 23279: 23271: 23263: 23255: 23247: 23239: 23217: 23209: 23201: 23193: 23185: 23176: 23174: 23172:Fiction/novels 23168: 23167: 23165: 23164: 23156: 23148: 23140: 23132: 23124: 23116: 23108: 23100: 23092: 23084: 23076: 23068: 23060: 23052: 23043: 23041: 23037: 23036: 23033: 23032: 23030: 23029: 23023: 23017: 23010: 23008: 23004: 23003: 23001: 23000: 22994: 22989: 22986:Wallace Willis 22983: 22978: 22973: 22968: 22966:Harriet Tubman 22963: 22956: 22953:Austin Steward 22950: 22945: 22940: 22935: 22930: 22925: 22923:William Parker 22920: 22914: 22909: 22904: 22898: 22893: 22891:J. Vance Lewis 22888: 22883: 22878: 22873: 22867: 22862: 22857: 22855:Harriet Jacobs 22852: 22847: 22842: 22836: 22831: 22829:William Grimes 22826: 22821:(19th century 22816: 22811: 22806: 22801: 22791: 22786: 22780: 22778:Kate Drumgoold 22775: 22770: 22765: 22760: 22755: 22750: 22745: 22740: 22734: 22729: 22724: 22719: 22713: 22708: 22703: 22698: 22696:Solomon Bayley 22693: 22688: 22683: 22678: 22672: 22670: 22667:North America: 22664: 22663: 22661: 22660: 22654: 22647: 22641: 22635: 22628: 22626: 22623:North America: 22620: 22619: 22617: 22616: 22613:John R. Jewitt 22610: 22603: 22601: 22598:North America: 22595: 22594: 22592: 22591: 22586: 22581: 22575: 22573: 22572:Ottoman Empire 22569: 22568: 22566: 22565: 22559: 22553: 22550:Jean Marteilhe 22547: 22541: 22535: 22528: 22526: 22522: 22521: 22519: 22518: 22511: 22509: 22505: 22504: 22502: 22501: 22495: 22489: 22483: 22477: 22464: 22458: 22452: 22446: 22440: 22434: 22433:(late 19th c.) 22428: 22422: 22416: 22410: 22407:Isaac Brassard 22404: 22398: 22392: 22385: 22383: 22376: 22375:of enslavement 22368: 22367: 22365: 22364: 22358: 22355: 22354: 22347: 22346: 22339: 22332: 22324: 22318: 22315: 22314: 22305: 22304: 22298: 22290: 22287: 22286: 22285: 22276: 22265: 22256: 22250: 22241: 22229: 22220: 22214: 22194: 22185: 22175: 22164: 22161: 22159: 22158:External links 22156: 22155: 22154: 22148: 22132:Sowell, Thomas 22128: 22122: 22107: 22101: 22086: 22065: 22047: 22026: 22008: 22002: 21983: 21977: 21958: 21952: 21933: 21927: 21921:. Peter Lang. 21910: 21907: 21906: 21905: 21899: 21880: 21874: 21855: 21833: 21817:Cato Institute 21809:Hamowy, Ronald 21800: 21789: 21783: 21764: 21754: 21735: 21729: 21707: 21693: 21687: 21668: 21662: 21654:Westview Press 21645: 21635: 21617: 21600: 21563: 21557: 21539: 21533: 21515: 21509: 21490: 21484: 21469: 21463: 21448: 21442: 21423: 21417: 21395: 21389: 21369: 21366: 21365: 21364: 21346:(1): 109–112. 21335: 21325:(3): 463–466. 21312: 21286:(2): 503–513. 21275: 21265:(1): 141–147. 21254: 21244:(4): 792–793. 21233: 21204: 21178:(2): 161–183. 21167: 21149:(2): 296–298. 21137: 21136: 21132: 21131: 21125: 21110: 21104: 21079: 21073: 21051: 21045: 21023: 21017: 20998: 20992: 20973: 20967: 20948: 20942: 20923: 20913: 20895: 20889: 20870: 20864: 20845: 20839: 20824: 20818: 20799: 20793: 20774: 20768: 20749: 20743: 20721: 20715: 20693: 20671: 20655:Cato Institute 20647:Hamowy, Ronald 20638: 20632: 20609: 20608: 20603: 20600: 20598: 20595: 20593: 20592: 20571: 20552: 20546: 20533: 20515:(3): 201–253. 20502: 20489: 20470: 20462:|journal= 20436: 20419: 20406: 20384: 20378: 20356: 20350: 20328: 20322: 20303: 20290: 20284: 20265: 20259: 20234: 20228: 20209: 20196: 20175: 20169: 20151:Lewis, Bernard 20147: 20114:(2): 170–179. 20096: 20083: 20077:. p. 49. 20064: 20058: 20041: 20035: 20013: 20000: 19994: 19984:. Athens, GA: 19973: 19954: 19948: 19928: 19916:(4): 943–974. 19901: 19883:(4): 735–743. 19872: 19866: 19846: 19840: 19823: 19817: 19798: 19786: 19780: 19757: 19751: 19728: 19722: 19707: 19688: 19682: 19660: 19645:guides.loc.gov 19636: 19623: 19609: 19590: 19584: 19562: 19556: 19540: 19534: 19518: 19506: 19479: 19477: 19474: 19471: 19470: 19448: 19411: 19398:10.2307/494885 19376: 19364: 19349: 19302: 19295: 19271: 19236: 19229: 19205: 19178: 19160:. Oxford, UK: 19148: 19131: 19105: 19079: 19054: 19020: 18995: 18969: 18936: 18910: 18884: 18853: 18823: 18796: 18781: 18763: 18741: 18717: 18692: 18681:on May 2, 2013 18656: 18630: 18608: 18582: 18556: 18549: 18529: 18482: 18443: 18422:Berghahn Books 18404: 18386: 18366: 18340: 18304: 18294: 18274: 18245: 18238: 18217: 18210: 18189: 18156: 18122: 18097: 18067: 18037: 18006: 17981: 17953: 17916: 17892: 17873: 17845: 17817: 17785: 17753: 17721: 17673: 17643: 17610: 17582: 17552: 17526: 17500: 17475: 17449: 17423: 17404: 17389:Doctorow, Cory 17380: 17354: 17340: 17323: 17305: 17274: 17248: 17223: 17195: 17167: 17140: 17114: 17091: 17060: 17040: 17017: 16994: 16968: 16932: 16913: 16906: 16889: 16877: 16847: 16817: 16803:The New Yorker 16789: 16763: 16749: 16725: 16711: 16697: 16675: 16668: 16656:Dalman, Gustaf 16647: 16629: 16593: 16580:"Soldier Khan" 16571: 16545: 16533: 16511: 16496: 16481: 16456: 16449: 16419: 16398: 16359: 16339: 16315: 16278: 16275:Meltzer (1993) 16254: 16250:Applebaum 2003 16242: 16230: 16200: 16185:. May 12, 2020 16170: 16150: 16117: 16106:. May 30, 2001 16095: 16069: 16047: 16040: 16020: 15988: 15963: 15952:(2): 189–210. 15928: 15901: 15887: 15863: 15856: 15832: 15818: 15794: 15780: 15756: 15749: 15720: 15706: 15686: 15668: 15645: 15638: 15620: 15581: 15555: 15529: 15522: 15516:. p. 37. 15512:. Manchester: 15498: 15475: 15451: 15425: 15422:, pp. 8–9 15407: 15400: 15378: 15348: 15325: 15304:(4): 830–832. 15284: 15266: 15242: 15224: 15218:. p. 96. 15200: 15186: 15162: 15148: 15124: 15102: 15079: 15068:. May 14, 2020 15053: 15046: 15023: 15016: 14995: 14982:10.2307/293259 14954: 14947: 14929: 14922: 14914:Westview Press 14896: 14889: 14865: 14835: 14809: 14795: 14771: 14745: 14702: 14694:Slaves called 14681: 14657: 14650: 14644:. p. 13. 14619: 14593: 14583: 14550: 14536: 14511: 14484:Prakash (1985) 14480:Prakash (1998) 14468: 14450: 14420:(3): 277–288. 14400: 14390: 14383: 14365: 14351: 14327: 14320: 14302: 14288: 14282:. p. 37. 14264: 14250: 14226: 14223:. p. 465. 14207: 14196:(4): 463–492. 14180: 14160: 14145: 14125: 14118: 14096: 14084: 14073: 14052: 14041: 14023: 14005: 13981: 13967: 13943: 13929: 13905: 13890: 13873: 13843: 13829: 13798: 13784: 13753: 13739: 13715: 13708: 13686: 13656: 13645:on May 5, 2019 13625: 13618: 13591: 13584: 13564: 13550: 13523: 13521:, p. 157. 13511: 13494: 13480: 13456: 13438: 13432:. p. 50. 13414: 13402: 13367: 13360: 13331: 13327:Rodriguez 1997 13302: 13300:, p. 206. 13290: 13288:, p. 145. 13278: 13264: 13240: 13226: 13220:. p. 69. 13202: 13196: 13168:Granet, Marcel 13159: 13152: 13128: 13122:, p. 51; 13118:, p. 49; 13108: 13078: 13071: 13047: 13040: 13016: 13009: 12985: 12976: 12967: 12963:Rodriguez 1997 12950: 12933: 12906:(1): 229–242. 12890: 12860: 12853: 12829: 12803: 12772: 12754: 12743:. January 1992 12728: 12706: 12698: 12675: 12668: 12644: 12637: 12617: 12599: 12588: 12582:. p. 44. 12564: 12539: 12532: 12526:. p. 18. 12508: 12489: 12477: 12470: 12446: 12413: 12406: 12400:. p. 17. 12379: 12349: 12319: 12301: 12274: 12267: 12241: 12234: 12213: 12206: 12184: 12158: 12155:, Los Angeles. 12136: 12133:Burnham (1993) 12127:, p. 46; 12115:, p. 78; 12101: 12094: 12073: 12066: 12046: 12024: 12004: 11959: 11951: 11933: 11915: 11907: 11901:. p. xi. 11885: 11867: 11849: 11817: 11799: 11777: 11736: 11711: 11704: 11698:. p. 16. 11680: 11658: 11651: 11627: 11620: 11600: 11566: 11540: 11496: 11468: 11449: 11432: 11410: 11396: 11376: 11374:, p. 173. 11364: 11338: 11312: 11280: 11255: 11228: 11213: 11174: 11148: 11137: 11113: 11103: 11083: 11076: 11056: 11030: 11011: 11009:, p. 585. 10999: 10992: 10968: 10936: 10904: 10897: 10873: 10861: 10854: 10834: 10827: 10802: 10780: 10773: 10750: 10711: 10682: 10668:The Daily Star 10653: 10646: 10640:. p. 27. 10620: 10603:Britannica.com 10590: 10564: 10537: 10507: 10482: 10463: 10456: 10432: 10396: 10393:. p. 272. 10383:Stengers, Jean 10374: 10356:Foreign Policy 10342: 10320: 10294: 10275: 10261: 10254: 10227: 10215: 10201: 10177: 10163: 10157:. p. 68. 10139: 10119: 10093: 10081:MPRA Paper 372 10067: 10022: 9995:(4): 777–803. 9977: 9948: 9926: 9914: 9902:dictionary.com 9893:"wage slavery" 9884: 9869: 9826: 9799: 9792: 9786:. p. 26. 9768: 9742: 9728:davidkopel.com 9711: 9688: 9666: 9642: 9611: 9579: 9561: 9534: 9512: 9486: 9468: 9460:Westview Press 9446: 9431: 9424: 9402: 9395: 9377: 9351: 9338:United Nations 9325: 9310: 9272: 9258: 9232: 9222: 9197: 9190: 9172: 9165: 9147: 9140:. p. 10. 9124: 9084: 9077: 9059: 9028: 9010: 8974: 8960: 8936: 8909: 8892: 8881: 8854: 8847: 8818: 8811: 8782: 8752: 8721: 8695: 8683: 8665: 8644:(1): 169–172. 8624: 8607: 8577: 8552: 8525: 8507:The New Yorker 8489: 8460: 8453: 8447:. p. 43. 8429: 8417: 8382: 8375: 8349: 8342: 8317: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8276:List of slaves 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8240: 8239: 8237: 8235: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8197: 8192: 8188: 8187: 8182: 8180: 8178:United Kingdom 8167: 8162: 8157: 8154: 8149: 8145: 8144: 8139: 8132: 8118:United Kingdom 8107: 8102: 8097: 8094: 8089: 8085: 8084: 8081: 8078: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8052: 8047: 8043: 8042: 8039: 8036: 8022:United Kingdom 8011: 8008: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7991: 7990: 7985: 7983: 7970: 7967: 7964: 7961: 7956: 7952: 7951: 7946: 7944: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7918: 7913: 7909: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7877: 7869: 7865: 7864: 7861: 7848: 7845: 7842: 7839: 7834: 7830: 7829: 7826: 7823: 7798: 7795: 7790: 7787: 7782: 7778: 7777: 7774: 7771: 7757:United Kingdom 7746: 7743: 7738: 7735: 7730: 7726: 7725: 7722: 7709: 7707:Pedro Telemaco 7704: 7699: 7696: 7691: 7687: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7667:United Kingdom 7656: 7651: 7646: 7643: 7638: 7634: 7633: 7628: 7625: 7612: 7607: 7605:Jonathan Demme 7602: 7599: 7594: 7590: 7589: 7586: 7583: 7570: 7568:Djimon Hounsou 7565: 7560: 7557: 7552: 7548: 7547: 7542: 7535: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7509: 7501: 7497: 7496: 7491: 7484: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7458: 7453: 7449: 7448: 7443: 7436: 7423: 7420: 7407: 7404: 7396: 7392: 7391: 7386: 7379: 7366: 7363: 7361:Herval Rossano 7358: 7355: 7350:Escrava Isaura 7347: 7343: 7342: 7337: 7330: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7304: 7297: 7293: 7292: 7289: 7286: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7260: 7250: 7246: 7245: 7240: 7233: 7220: 7217: 7212: 7209: 7204: 7200: 7199: 7196: 7193: 7180: 7178:Horst Buchholz 7175: 7170: 7167: 7162: 7158: 7157: 7154: 7151: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7125: 7120: 7116: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7092: 7087: 7085:D. W. Griffith 7082: 7079: 7074: 7070: 7069: 7066: 7063: 7060: 7057: 7054: 7051: 7048: 7039:sensationalism 7022:La última cena 6936: 6933: 6923:In June 2023, 6902:Main article: 6899: 6896: 6831:Jerry Rawlings 6827:Bight of Benin 6825:bordering the 6780: 6777: 6748:Abraham Skorka 6690:In the 1860s, 6672: 6669: 6649:British Empire 6613:Sons of Africa 6603:Lord Mansfield 6594: 6591: 6499: 6496: 6459: 6456: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6295: 6294: 6293: 6283: 6278: 6277: 6276: 6266: 6264:Moresby Treaty 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6233: 6225: 6220: 6212: 6204: 6196: 6191: 6183: 6175: 6167: 6159: 6151: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6112: 6111: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6079:Firman of 1857 6076: 6074:Firman of 1854 6071: 6066: 6064:Firman of 1830 6061: 6055: 6052: 6051: 6044: 6043: 6036: 6029: 6021: 6004:Main article: 6001: 5998: 5972: 5969: 5963: 5960: 5929: 5926: 5914:European Union 5910:United Nations 5899: 5896: 5887: 5884: 5855: 5852: 5757: 5754: 5709:In June 2013, 5706: 5703: 5699:Central Africa 5647:Siddharth Kara 5607: 5604: 5513:Ottoman Empire 5497:Constantinople 5493:Ottoman Empire 5342: 5339: 5279:and notes its 5225:Anne Applebaum 5205:Main article: 5202: 5199: 5169:Main article: 5158: 5155: 5109:Russian Empire 5019:Medieval Spain 5014:, 13th Century 4889:medieval Wales 4881:Hywel the Good 4870:Zanj Rebellion 4839:Eastern Europe 4820:early medieval 4740: 4737: 4681:Roman Republic 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4602: 4599: 4597:in the 1880s. 4563: 4560: 4509: 4506: 4350:Chinese Muslim 4200: 4197: 4189: 4186: 4113:13th Amendment 4052:acquired from 3933: 3930: 3903:Port-au-Prince 3823:Following the 3795:Saint-Domingue 3763: 3760: 3688: 3685: 3635:Dutch Suriname 3574: 3571: 3529: 3526: 3487:slave triangle 3396:Diagrams of a 3395: 3394: 3385: 3384: 3383: 3374: 3373: 3372: 3371: 3370: 3356:, such as the 3318:, such as the 3274: 3271: 3255:Ashanti Empire 3245:, such as the 3190:Middle Passage 3170:chattel slaves 3142:Eduard Rüppell 3051:Zanj Rebellion 2954:Middle eastern 2948:to be sold to 2936:, slaves from 2853: 2850: 2796:Main article: 2793: 2790: 2778:ancient Athens 2765: 2762: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2637: 2636:Identification 2634: 2630:Siddharth Kara 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2452: 2449: 2435:Child marriage 2426: 2423: 2393:Main article: 2390: 2387: 2372:modern slavery 2345:Main article: 2342: 2339: 2318: 2315: 2295:Money marriage 2284:Money marriage 2276:Main article: 2273: 2270: 2266:did so in 1981 2176:Medieval Egypt 2120: 2117: 2090: 2087: 2035:Medieval Latin 1949:Middle English 1936: 1933: 1929:child soldiers 1909:private sector 1783: 1782: 1780: 1779: 1772: 1765: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1743: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1726: 1725: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1669: 1668: 1663: 1653: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1641: 1634:List of slaves 1631: 1630: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1516: 1515: 1505: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1493: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1398: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1368: 1367: 1362: 1352: 1346: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1231: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1178:Dutch Republic 1175: 1170: 1169: 1168: 1163: 1155: 1149: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1110: 1109: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1046: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1002: 997: 992: 986: 985: 979: 978: 973: 966: 965: 964: 959: 949: 944: 939: 938: 937: 927: 922: 921: 920: 915: 910: 905: 895: 890: 885: 884: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 828: 827: 826: 816: 815: 814: 803: 802: 796: 795: 790: 785: 780: 779: 778: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 722: 721: 711: 706: 701: 695: 694: 688: 685: 684: 681: 680: 677: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 650: 649: 645: 644: 639: 637:Child soldiers 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 613: 612: 602: 597: 592: 587: 586: 585: 580: 575: 564: 563: 559: 558: 553: 548: 546:Spanish Empire 543: 538: 533: 528: 526:Middle Passage 523: 518: 513: 508: 502: 501: 495: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 463: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 388: 387: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 356: 355: 354: 347:Ottoman Empire 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 308: 302: 301: 295: 294: 293: 292: 282: 277: 272: 271: 270: 265: 260: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 224: 223: 217: 216: 211: 206: 201: 195: 194: 188: 183: 182: 179: 178: 175: 174: 169: 167:Sexual slavery 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 133: 132: 127: 125:Child marriage 122: 112: 107: 102: 100:Child soldiers 97: 91: 86: 85: 82: 81: 73: 72: 62: 61: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 35627: 35616: 35613: 35611: 35608: 35606: 35603: 35601: 35598: 35596: 35593: 35591: 35588: 35587: 35585: 35556: 35553: 35551: 35548: 35546: 35543: 35541: 35538: 35536: 35532: 35531:Structuralism 35529: 35527: 35524: 35522: 35519: 35517: 35514: 35512: 35509: 35507: 35504: 35502: 35498: 35497:Scholasticism 35495: 35493: 35490: 35488: 35485: 35483: 35479: 35476: 35474: 35471: 35469: 35466: 35464: 35461: 35459: 35456: 35454: 35451: 35449: 35445: 35442: 35440: 35439:Phenomenology 35437: 35435: 35432: 35430: 35427: 35425: 35422: 35420: 35417: 35415: 35412: 35410: 35407: 35405: 35402: 35400: 35399:Postmodernism 35396: 35393: 35391: 35388: 35386: 35383: 35381: 35378: 35376: 35373: 35371: 35368: 35366: 35362: 35359: 35357: 35354: 35352: 35351:Individualism 35349: 35347: 35346:ʿIlm al-Kalām 35344: 35342: 35339: 35337: 35334: 35332: 35328: 35325: 35323: 35320: 35318: 35314: 35311: 35309: 35306: 35304: 35301: 35299: 35296: 35294: 35291: 35289: 35286: 35284: 35281: 35279: 35276: 35274: 35271: 35269: 35266: 35264: 35261: 35259: 35256: 35254: 35251: 35249: 35246: 35244: 35241: 35239: 35236: 35234: 35230: 35227: 35225: 35222: 35220: 35217: 35215: 35212: 35210: 35207: 35205: 35202: 35200: 35197: 35195: 35192: 35191: 35189: 35187: 35181: 35175: 35172: 35170: 35167: 35165: 35162: 35160: 35157: 35155: 35152: 35150: 35147: 35145: 35142: 35140: 35137: 35135: 35131: 35127: 35123: 35120: 35118: 35115: 35113: 35110: 35108: 35105: 35103: 35100: 35098: 35095: 35093: 35090: 35088: 35085: 35083: 35080: 35078: 35075: 35071: 35068: 35067: 35066: 35063: 35061: 35058: 35056: 35053: 35051: 35048: 35046: 35043: 35041: 35038: 35037: 35035: 35033: 35029: 35023: 35020: 35018: 35015: 35013: 35010: 35008: 35005: 35003: 35000: 34998: 34997:Republicanism 34995: 34993: 34990: 34988: 34985: 34983: 34982:Progressivism 34980: 34978: 34975: 34973: 34970: 34968: 34965: 34963: 34960: 34958: 34955: 34953: 34950: 34948: 34945: 34943: 34940: 34938: 34935: 34933: 34930: 34928: 34927:Individualism 34925: 34923: 34920: 34918: 34915: 34913: 34910: 34908: 34905: 34903: 34900: 34898: 34895: 34893: 34890: 34888: 34885: 34883: 34880: 34878: 34875: 34873: 34870: 34868: 34865: 34863: 34860: 34858: 34855: 34853: 34850: 34848: 34845: 34843: 34840: 34838: 34835: 34833: 34830: 34828: 34825: 34823: 34820: 34819: 34817: 34815: 34808: 34802: 34799: 34797: 34794: 34792: 34789: 34787: 34784: 34782: 34779: 34778: 34776: 34774: 34770: 34766: 34759: 34755: 34741: 34738: 34736: 34733: 34731: 34727: 34724: 34722: 34719: 34717: 34714: 34712: 34709: 34707: 34704: 34702: 34699: 34697: 34694: 34692: 34689: 34687: 34684: 34682: 34679: 34677: 34676:Social stigma 34674: 34672: 34669: 34665: 34662: 34661: 34660: 34657: 34655: 34652: 34650: 34647: 34645: 34642: 34640: 34637: 34635: 34632: 34630: 34627: 34625: 34622: 34620: 34617: 34615: 34612: 34610: 34607: 34603: 34600: 34599: 34598: 34595: 34593: 34590: 34588: 34585: 34583: 34580: 34578: 34575: 34571: 34568: 34567: 34566: 34563: 34559: 34556: 34554: 34553:jurisprudence 34551: 34550: 34549: 34546: 34544: 34541: 34539: 34536: 34534: 34531: 34529: 34526: 34524: 34521: 34519: 34516: 34514: 34510: 34507: 34505: 34502: 34498: 34495: 34494: 34493: 34490: 34488: 34487:Family values 34485: 34483: 34480: 34478: 34475: 34473: 34470: 34468: 34467:Entertainment 34465: 34461: 34458: 34457: 34456: 34453: 34451: 34448: 34444: 34441: 34439: 34436: 34435: 34434: 34431: 34429: 34426: 34424: 34421: 34419: 34416: 34414: 34411: 34409: 34406: 34404: 34401: 34399: 34396: 34394: 34391: 34389: 34386: 34384: 34381: 34379: 34376: 34374: 34371: 34369: 34365: 34362: 34360: 34357: 34355: 34352: 34351: 34349: 34347: 34343: 34337: 34336:Unobservables 34334: 34332: 34329: 34327: 34324: 34322: 34319: 34317: 34314: 34312: 34309: 34307: 34304: 34302: 34299: 34297: 34294: 34290: 34287: 34286: 34285: 34282: 34278: 34275: 34274: 34273: 34270: 34266: 34263: 34262: 34261: 34258: 34256: 34253: 34249: 34248:philosophical 34246: 34245: 34244: 34241: 34239: 34236: 34232: 34229: 34228: 34227: 34224: 34222: 34219: 34217: 34214: 34212: 34209: 34207: 34204: 34202: 34199: 34197: 34194: 34192: 34189: 34187: 34184: 34182: 34179: 34177: 34174: 34172: 34169: 34167: 34164: 34162: 34158: 34155: 34153: 34150: 34148: 34145: 34143: 34139: 34136: 34134: 34131: 34129: 34126: 34122: 34119: 34118: 34117: 34114: 34112: 34111:Creation myth 34109: 34105: 34102: 34101: 34100: 34097: 34095: 34092: 34088: 34085: 34084: 34083: 34082:Consciousness 34080: 34078: 34075: 34073: 34070: 34068: 34065: 34063: 34060: 34058: 34055: 34054: 34052: 34050: 34046: 34040: 34037: 34033: 34030: 34028: 34025: 34024: 34023: 34020: 34016: 34013: 34012: 34011: 34008: 34006: 34003: 34001: 33998: 33994: 33991: 33989: 33986: 33985: 33984: 33981: 33979: 33976: 33974: 33971: 33969: 33966: 33964: 33961: 33959: 33956: 33954: 33951: 33949: 33946: 33944: 33941: 33939: 33936: 33932: 33929: 33928: 33927: 33924: 33922: 33919: 33915: 33912: 33910: 33907: 33906: 33905: 33902: 33898: 33895: 33894: 33893: 33890: 33888: 33885: 33881: 33878: 33877: 33876: 33873: 33872: 33870: 33868: 33864: 33858: 33855: 33853: 33850: 33848: 33845: 33843: 33840: 33838: 33835: 33833: 33830: 33828: 33825: 33823: 33820: 33818: 33815: 33813: 33810: 33806: 33803: 33802: 33801: 33798: 33796: 33793: 33791: 33788: 33786: 33783: 33781: 33780:Social action 33778: 33776: 33773: 33771: 33768: 33766: 33763: 33761: 33758: 33756: 33753: 33751: 33750:Peer pressure 33748: 33746: 33743: 33741: 33738: 33736: 33733: 33731: 33728: 33726: 33723: 33721: 33717: 33714: 33712: 33709: 33707: 33704: 33702: 33699: 33697: 33694: 33692: 33689: 33687: 33684: 33682: 33681:Herd behavior 33679: 33677: 33674: 33672: 33669: 33667: 33666:Group emotion 33664: 33662: 33659: 33657: 33654: 33652: 33649: 33647: 33644: 33642: 33639: 33637: 33634: 33632: 33629: 33627: 33624: 33622: 33619: 33617: 33614: 33612: 33609: 33607: 33604: 33602: 33599: 33597: 33594: 33592: 33589: 33587: 33584: 33582: 33579: 33575: 33572: 33571: 33570: 33567: 33565: 33562: 33560: 33557: 33555: 33552: 33551: 33549: 33547: 33543: 33537: 33534: 33532: 33529: 33527: 33524: 33522: 33518: 33517:Social status 33514: 33511: 33509: 33506: 33502: 33499: 33498: 33497: 33494: 33492: 33489: 33487: 33484: 33482: 33479: 33477: 33474: 33472: 33469: 33467: 33464: 33462: 33459: 33457: 33454: 33450: 33447: 33446: 33445: 33442: 33438: 33435: 33434: 33433: 33430: 33428: 33425: 33423: 33420: 33418: 33414: 33411: 33409: 33406: 33404: 33400: 33396: 33393: 33391: 33388: 33386: 33383: 33381: 33378: 33376: 33373: 33371: 33368: 33366: 33363: 33359: 33356: 33354: 33351: 33350: 33349: 33346: 33345: 33343: 33341: 33337: 33331: 33330:Woozle effect 33328: 33326: 33325:Systemic bias 33323: 33321: 33318: 33316: 33313: 33311: 33308: 33306: 33303: 33301: 33298: 33296: 33295:Social change 33293: 33291: 33288: 33286: 33283: 33281: 33278: 33276: 33273: 33271: 33268: 33264: 33261: 33260: 33259: 33256: 33254: 33251: 33249: 33246: 33244: 33241: 33239: 33236: 33234: 33231: 33229: 33226: 33224: 33221: 33219: 33216: 33214: 33211: 33209: 33206: 33204: 33201: 33199: 33196: 33194: 33191: 33189: 33186: 33182: 33179: 33178: 33177: 33174: 33172: 33171:Fearmongering 33169: 33167: 33164: 33162: 33159: 33155: 33152: 33150: 33147: 33146: 33145: 33142: 33140: 33137: 33135: 33134:Deprogramming 33132: 33130: 33127: 33125: 33122: 33120: 33117: 33115: 33112: 33110: 33107: 33105: 33102: 33100: 33097: 33095: 33092: 33090: 33087: 33085: 33082: 33080: 33077: 33075: 33072: 33071: 33069: 33063: 33055: 33052: 33051: 33050: 33047: 33045: 33042: 33038: 33035: 33033: 33030: 33028: 33025: 33024: 33023: 33020: 33018: 33015: 33013: 33010: 33008: 33005: 33003: 33000: 32998: 32995: 32993: 32990: 32988: 32985: 32983: 32980: 32978: 32975: 32973: 32972:Filter bubble 32970: 32968: 32967:Ethnocentrism 32965: 32963: 32960: 32958: 32955: 32953: 32950: 32948: 32945: 32943: 32940: 32936: 32933: 32932: 32931: 32928: 32926: 32923: 32921: 32918: 32916: 32913: 32911: 32908: 32907: 32905: 32903: 32899: 32895: 32888: 32884: 32874: 32871: 32869: 32866: 32864: 32861: 32859: 32856: 32854: 32851: 32849: 32846: 32844: 32841: 32839: 32836: 32834: 32831: 32829: 32826: 32824: 32823:Point of view 32821: 32819: 32816: 32814: 32811: 32809: 32806: 32804: 32801: 32799: 32798:Metanarrative 32796: 32794: 32791: 32789: 32785: 32782: 32780: 32777: 32775: 32772: 32770: 32767: 32765: 32762: 32760: 32756: 32753: 32751: 32747: 32743: 32740: 32738: 32735: 32733: 32730: 32728: 32725: 32723: 32720: 32718: 32715: 32713: 32709: 32706: 32704: 32700: 32699:Basic beliefs 32697: 32696: 32693: 32689:Related terms 32686: 32682: 32678: 32671: 32666: 32664: 32659: 32657: 32652: 32651: 32648: 32635: 32626: 32623: 32614: 32613: 32610: 32603: 32602:United States 32599: 32594: 32590: 32587: 32583: 32580: 32576: 32573: 32569: 32568: 32564: 32561: 32557: 32554: 32550: 32545: 32541: 32540: 32538: 32534: 32531: 32527: 32524: 32520: 32517: 32513: 32510: 32506: 32503: 32499: 32496: 32492: 32489: 32485: 32482: 32478: 32475: 32471: 32468: 32464: 32461: 32457: 32454: 32450: 32447: 32443: 32440: 32436: 32433: 32429: 32428: 32426: 32424: 32420: 32413: 32409: 32406: 32402: 32399: 32395: 32394: 32392: 32388: 32381: 32377: 32374: 32370: 32369: 32367: 32363: 32356: 32352: 32349: 32345: 32342: 32338: 32335: 32331: 32328: 32324: 32321: 32320: 32315: 32312: 32308: 32305: 32301: 32298: 32294: 32291: 32287: 32284: 32280: 32277: 32273: 32270: 32266: 32263: 32259: 32256: 32252: 32249: 32245: 32242: 32238: 32235: 32231: 32227: 32223: 32222: 32220: 32218:Organizations 32216: 32207: 32206:United States 32203: 32202: 32200: 32196: 32193: 32189: 32186: 32182: 32179: 32175: 32172: 32168: 32165: 32161: 32158: 32154: 32149: 32148:United States 32145: 32144: 32142: 32138: 32133: 32132:United States 32129: 32128: 32126: 32122: 32119: 32115: 32110: 32109:United States 32106: 32105: 32103: 32099: 32096: 32092: 32089: 32085: 32082: 32081:Mobile phones 32078: 32075: 32071: 32068: 32064: 32061: 32057: 32054: 32050: 32047: 32043: 32038: 32037:United States 32034: 32033: 32031: 32027: 32026: 32024: 32022:Social issues 32020: 32013: 32009: 32006: 32002: 31999: 31995: 31990: 31986: 31983: 31979: 31978: 31976: 31972: 31967: 31966:United States 31963: 31962: 31960: 31956: 31953: 31949: 31946: 31942: 31941: 31939: 31935: 31924: 31920: 31915: 31911: 31910: 31908: 31904: 31903: 31901: 31899: 31895: 31888: 31884: 31881: 31880:Trusty system 31877: 31874: 31870: 31867: 31863: 31860: 31856: 31853: 31849: 31846: 31842: 31839: 31835: 31832: 31828: 31825: 31821: 31820: 31818: 31814: 31807: 31803: 31800: 31796: 31793: 31789: 31786: 31782: 31779: 31775: 31772: 31768: 31767: 31765: 31761: 31754: 31750: 31747: 31743: 31740: 31736: 31733: 31729: 31726: 31722: 31719: 31715: 31710: 31706: 31703: 31699: 31698: 31696: 31692: 31689: 31685: 31682: 31678: 31675: 31671: 31668: 31664: 31661: 31657: 31654: 31650: 31647: 31643: 31642: 31640: 31636: 31633: 31631: 31627: 31620: 31616: 31613: 31609: 31606: 31602: 31599: 31595: 31592: 31588: 31585: 31581: 31578: 31574: 31571: 31567: 31566: 31564: 31562: 31558: 31551: 31547: 31544: 31540: 31537: 31533: 31530: 31526: 31523: 31519: 31518: 31516: 31512: 31508: 31507:Incarceration 31501: 31496: 31494: 31489: 31487: 31482: 31481: 31478: 31466: 31458: 31456: 31448: 31447: 31444: 31432: 31429: 31428: 31427: 31424: 31422: 31419: 31417: 31414: 31412: 31409: 31407: 31404: 31402: 31399: 31397: 31394: 31392: 31389: 31385: 31382: 31380: 31377: 31375: 31372: 31370: 31367: 31365: 31362: 31361: 31360: 31357: 31355: 31352: 31350: 31347: 31345: 31342: 31341: 31339: 31333: 31327: 31324: 31320: 31317: 31316: 31315: 31312: 31311: 31309: 31303: 31295: 31292: 31290: 31287: 31285: 31282: 31281: 31279: 31275: 31272: 31270: 31267: 31266: 31264: 31263: 31261: 31257: 31249: 31246: 31245: 31244:Sierra Leone 31243: 31239: 31236: 31234: 31231: 31230: 31228: 31224: 31221: 31220: 31218: 31214: 31211: 31209: 31206: 31205: 31203: 31202: 31200: 31198: 31194: 31191: 31187:Afro-American 31183: 31173: 31170: 31169: 31167: 31163: 31155: 31152: 31151: 31150: 31147: 31145: 31142: 31140: 31137: 31135: 31132: 31128: 31125: 31123: 31120: 31119: 31118: 31115: 31109: 31106: 31105: 31104: 31101: 31100: 31098: 31096: 31093: 31089: 31086: 31084: 31081: 31080: 31079: 31076: 31074: 31071: 31070: 31068: 31063: 31059: 31053: 31050: 31048: 31045: 31041: 31038: 31037: 31036: 31033: 31031: 31028: 31026: 31023: 31021: 31018: 31016: 31013: 31011: 31008: 31004: 31001: 30999: 30996: 30995: 30994: 30991: 30989: 30986: 30984: 30981: 30980: 30978: 30976: 30972: 30964: 30961: 30959: 30956: 30954: 30951: 30949: 30946: 30944: 30941: 30940: 30939: 30936: 30934: 30931: 30929: 30926: 30924: 30921: 30919: 30916: 30914: 30911: 30909: 30906: 30904: 30901: 30899: 30896: 30894: 30891: 30889: 30886: 30884: 30881: 30879: 30876: 30872: 30869: 30868: 30867: 30864: 30862: 30859: 30855: 30852: 30851: 30850: 30847: 30845: 30842: 30840: 30837: 30835: 30832: 30830: 30827: 30825: 30822: 30821: 30819: 30816: 30811: 30807: 30797: 30794: 30792: 30789: 30785: 30782: 30780: 30777: 30775: 30772: 30770: 30767: 30765: 30762: 30761: 30760: 30757: 30755: 30752: 30750: 30747: 30745: 30742: 30738: 30735: 30733: 30730: 30728: 30725: 30724: 30723: 30722:French Guiana 30720: 30718: 30715: 30711: 30708: 30707: 30706: 30703: 30701: 30698: 30694: 30691: 30689: 30686: 30684: 30681: 30680: 30679: 30676: 30674: 30671: 30669: 30666: 30665: 30663: 30657: 30649: 30646: 30644: 30641: 30639: 30638:Somali Bantus 30636: 30634: 30631: 30629: 30626: 30624: 30621: 30619: 30616: 30614: 30611: 30609: 30606: 30604: 30601: 30599: 30596: 30594: 30591: 30587: 30584: 30582: 30579: 30575: 30572: 30570: 30567: 30565: 30562: 30560: 30557: 30555: 30552: 30551: 30550: 30546: 30545:Black Indians 30543: 30541: 30538: 30536: 30533: 30531: 30528: 30526: 30523: 30521: 30518: 30516: 30515:Affrilachians 30513: 30512: 30511: 30508: 30507: 30505: 30501: 30498: 30497: 30496: 30493: 30489: 30486: 30484: 30481: 30479: 30476: 30474: 30473:New Brunswick 30471: 30469: 30466: 30464: 30461: 30459: 30456: 30455: 30454: 30451: 30450: 30448: 30442: 30434: 30431: 30430: 30429: 30426: 30424: 30421: 30417: 30416:Miskito Sambu 30414: 30413: 30412: 30409: 30407: 30404: 30402: 30399: 30397: 30394: 30392: 30389: 30385: 30382: 30381: 30380: 30377: 30376: 30374: 30368: 30362: 30359: 30355: 30352: 30350: 30349:Dougla people 30347: 30346: 30345: 30342: 30338: 30335: 30334: 30333: 30330: 30328: 30325: 30323: 30320: 30318: 30315: 30311: 30308: 30306: 30303: 30301: 30298: 30297: 30296: 30293: 30289: 30286: 30284: 30281: 30280: 30279: 30276: 30274: 30271: 30267: 30264: 30262: 30259: 30258: 30257: 30254: 30252: 30249: 30247: 30244: 30240: 30239:Ganga-Longoba 30237: 30235: 30232: 30230: 30227: 30226: 30225: 30222: 30220: 30217: 30215: 30212: 30210: 30207: 30205: 30202: 30200: 30197: 30195: 30192: 30190: 30187: 30186: 30184: 30182: 30178: 30175: 30173: 30172:Latin America 30168: 30164: 30161: 30157: 30153: 30146: 30141: 30139: 30134: 30132: 30127: 30126: 30123: 30111: 30103: 30102: 30099: 30085: 30082: 30080: 30077: 30075: 30072: 30070: 30067: 30065: 30062: 30060: 30057: 30055: 30052: 30050: 30047: 30046: 30044: 30040: 30034: 30033:United States 30031: 30029: 30026: 30024: 30021: 30019: 30016: 30014: 30011: 30009: 30006: 30004: 30001: 29999: 29996: 29994: 29991: 29989: 29986: 29984: 29981: 29979: 29976: 29974: 29971: 29969: 29966: 29964: 29961: 29959: 29956: 29954: 29951: 29949: 29946: 29944: 29941: 29940: 29938: 29934:Other regions 29932: 29922: 29919: 29917: 29914: 29912: 29909: 29908: 29906: 29904: 29900: 29894: 29891: 29889: 29886: 29884: 29881: 29879: 29876: 29875: 29873: 29871: 29867: 29859: 29856: 29854: 29851: 29850: 29849: 29846: 29842: 29839: 29837: 29834: 29832: 29829: 29828: 29827: 29824: 29820: 29817: 29815: 29812: 29810: 29807: 29806: 29805: 29802: 29801: 29799: 29797: 29793: 29787: 29784: 29782: 29779: 29777: 29774: 29772: 29769: 29768: 29765: 29762: 29760: 29759:United States 29756: 29752: 29743: 29739: 29721: 29718: 29716: 29712: 29709: 29707: 29704: 29702: 29699: 29697: 29693: 29690: 29688: 29684: 29681: 29679: 29676: 29674: 29671: 29669: 29666: 29665: 29663: 29661: 29657: 29651: 29648: 29646: 29643: 29641: 29638: 29636: 29633: 29631: 29628: 29626: 29623: 29622: 29620: 29618: 29614: 29608: 29605: 29603: 29600: 29598: 29595: 29591: 29588: 29587: 29586: 29583: 29582: 29580: 29578: 29574: 29568: 29565: 29564: 29562: 29560: 29556: 29550: 29549: 29545: 29542: 29541: 29536: 29534: 29531: 29529: 29526: 29524: 29521: 29517: 29514: 29512: 29509: 29508: 29507: 29504: 29502: 29499: 29497: 29494: 29492: 29489: 29487: 29484: 29483: 29481: 29479: 29475: 29469: 29465: 29462: 29460: 29457: 29455: 29452: 29450: 29447: 29445: 29442: 29440: 29437: 29435: 29432: 29430: 29427: 29425: 29422: 29420: 29417: 29415: 29412: 29410: 29407: 29405: 29402: 29401: 29399: 29397: 29393: 29387: 29384: 29382: 29379: 29377: 29374: 29370: 29367: 29366: 29365: 29362: 29361: 29359: 29357: 29353: 29347: 29344: 29340: 29337: 29333: 29330: 29329: 29328: 29325: 29324: 29323: 29320: 29316: 29313: 29311: 29308: 29307: 29305: 29301: 29298: 29297: 29296: 29293: 29291: 29288: 29286: 29283: 29279: 29276: 29275: 29274: 29271: 29270: 29268: 29266: 29262: 29259: 29255: 29249: 29246: 29244: 29241: 29239: 29236: 29234: 29231: 29229: 29226: 29224: 29221: 29220: 29218: 29215: 29210: 29204: 29201: 29199: 29198:Socioeconomic 29196: 29194: 29191: 29189: 29186: 29184: 29181: 29177: 29174: 29173: 29172: 29169: 29165: 29162: 29160: 29157: 29155: 29152: 29150: 29147: 29146: 29145: 29142: 29138: 29135: 29133: 29130: 29129: 29128: 29125: 29123: 29120: 29119: 29117: 29113: 29109: 29100: 29096: 29086: 29085: 29081: 29079: 29076: 29074: 29073:Social stigma 29071: 29069: 29066: 29064: 29063:Social orphan 29061: 29059: 29056: 29054: 29051: 29049: 29046: 29044: 29041: 29039: 29036: 29034: 29031: 29029: 29028: 29023: 29022: 29021:Nouveau riche 29018: 29016: 29013: 29011: 29008: 29006: 29003: 29001: 28998: 28996: 28995:Class traitor 28993: 28991: 28990:Class society 28988: 28986: 28983: 28981: 28978: 28976: 28973: 28971: 28968: 28967: 28965: 28959: 28953: 28950: 28948: 28945: 28943: 28940: 28938: 28935: 28933: 28930: 28928: 28927:Gilbert model 28925: 28923: 28920: 28919: 28917: 28913: 28909: 28903: 28902: 28898: 28896: 28895: 28891: 28889: 28888: 28884: 28883: 28880: 28873: 28870: 28869: 28863: 28858: 28856: 28851: 28849: 28844: 28843: 28840: 28828: 28825: 28823: 28820: 28818: 28815: 28813: 28810: 28808: 28805: 28803: 28800: 28798: 28795: 28793: 28790: 28789: 28780: 28779: 28776: 28770: 28767: 28765: 28762: 28760: 28757: 28755: 28752: 28750: 28747: 28745: 28742: 28740: 28737: 28735: 28732: 28730: 28727: 28725: 28724:Make-work job 28722: 28720: 28717: 28715: 28712: 28710: 28707: 28705: 28702: 28700: 28697: 28695: 28692: 28690: 28687: 28685: 28682: 28681: 28679: 28675: 28671: 28670: 28664: 28661: 28659: 28656: 28654: 28651: 28649: 28646: 28644: 28643:Right to work 28641: 28639: 28636: 28634: 28631: 28629: 28628:Job guarantee 28626: 28624: 28621: 28619: 28616: 28614: 28613:Make-work job 28611: 28609: 28606: 28604: 28601: 28600: 28598: 28594: 28588: 28585: 28583: 28580: 28576: 28573: 28571: 28568: 28567: 28566: 28563: 28561: 28558: 28556: 28553: 28551: 28548: 28546: 28543: 28541: 28538: 28536: 28533: 28531: 28528: 28524: 28521: 28519: 28516: 28514: 28511: 28509: 28506: 28505: 28504: 28501: 28499: 28496: 28494: 28491: 28489: 28486: 28484: 28481: 28479: 28476: 28474: 28471: 28467: 28464: 28462: 28459: 28458: 28457: 28454: 28452: 28449: 28447: 28444: 28443: 28441: 28439: 28435: 28429: 28426: 28422: 28419: 28417: 28414: 28413: 28412: 28409: 28405: 28402: 28400: 28397: 28395: 28392: 28391: 28390: 28387: 28385: 28384:Restructuring 28382: 28378: 28375: 28374: 28373: 28370: 28368: 28365: 28363: 28362:Notice period 28360: 28358: 28355: 28353: 28350: 28348: 28345: 28341: 28338: 28336: 28333: 28331: 28328: 28327: 28326: 28323: 28321: 28318: 28317: 28315: 28313: 28309: 28303: 28300: 28296: 28293: 28291: 28288: 28287: 28286: 28283: 28281: 28278: 28274: 28271: 28269: 28268:Unfree labour 28266: 28264: 28261: 28259: 28256: 28254: 28251: 28249: 28246: 28244: 28241: 28239: 28238:Bonded labour 28236: 28235: 28234: 28231: 28229: 28226: 28224: 28221: 28219: 28216: 28214: 28211: 28209: 28206: 28204: 28201: 28199: 28196: 28194: 28191: 28189: 28186: 28184: 28181: 28180: 28178: 28174: 28168: 28165: 28163: 28160: 28158: 28155: 28153: 28152:Whistleblower 28150: 28148: 28145: 28143: 28140: 28138: 28135: 28133: 28130: 28128: 28125: 28123: 28120: 28118: 28115: 28113: 28110: 28108: 28105: 28103: 28100: 28096: 28093: 28091: 28088: 28086: 28085:Control fraud 28083: 28081: 28078: 28077: 28076: 28073: 28072: 28070: 28066: 28060: 28059:Glass ceiling 28057: 28055: 28052: 28050: 28047: 28045: 28042: 28041: 28039: 28037: 28033: 28027: 28024: 28022: 28019: 28017: 28014: 28012: 28009: 28007: 28004: 28000: 27997: 27996: 27995: 27994:Work accident 27992: 27990: 27987: 27983: 27982:United States 27980: 27979: 27978: 27975: 27973: 27970: 27968: 27965: 27963: 27960: 27958: 27955: 27953: 27950: 27948: 27945: 27943: 27940: 27938: 27935: 27933: 27930: 27928: 27925: 27923: 27920: 27918: 27915: 27913: 27910: 27908: 27905: 27904: 27902: 27900: 27896: 27890: 27887: 27883: 27882:United States 27880: 27879: 27878: 27875: 27873: 27870: 27868: 27865: 27863: 27860: 27858: 27855: 27853: 27850: 27848: 27845: 27843: 27840: 27838: 27837:Casual Friday 27835: 27833: 27830: 27829: 27827: 27825: 27821: 27815: 27812: 27810: 27807: 27805: 27802: 27800: 27797: 27795: 27794:Paid time off 27792: 27790: 27789:Overtime rate 27787: 27783: 27780: 27779: 27778: 27775: 27771: 27770:United States 27768: 27766: 27763: 27761: 27758: 27756: 27753: 27752: 27751: 27748: 27744: 27741: 27739: 27736: 27735: 27734: 27731: 27729: 27726: 27724: 27721: 27719: 27716: 27714: 27711: 27710: 27708: 27706: 27702: 27698: 27692: 27689: 27687: 27684: 27682: 27679: 27677: 27674: 27672: 27669: 27667: 27664: 27662: 27659: 27657: 27654: 27652: 27649: 27647: 27644: 27642: 27639: 27637: 27636:Four-day week 27634: 27632: 27629: 27628: 27626: 27624: 27620: 27614: 27611: 27609: 27606: 27604: 27601: 27599: 27596: 27594: 27591: 27589: 27586: 27584: 27581: 27579: 27576: 27574: 27571: 27569: 27566: 27564: 27561: 27560: 27558: 27554: 27548: 27545: 27543: 27540: 27536: 27533: 27531: 27528: 27527: 27526: 27523: 27521: 27520:Practice firm 27518: 27516: 27513: 27511: 27508: 27504: 27501: 27499: 27496: 27494: 27491: 27489: 27486: 27484: 27481: 27479: 27476: 27474: 27471: 27469: 27466: 27464: 27461: 27459: 27456: 27454: 27451: 27449: 27446: 27444: 27441: 27439: 27436: 27434: 27431: 27429: 27426: 27424: 27421: 27419: 27418:Employability 27416: 27414: 27411: 27409: 27406: 27405: 27404: 27401: 27399: 27396: 27394: 27391: 27389: 27386: 27384: 27381: 27379: 27376: 27374: 27371: 27367: 27364: 27363: 27362: 27359: 27357: 27354: 27353: 27351: 27349: 27345: 27341: 27335: 27332: 27330: 27327: 27325: 27322: 27320: 27319:Orange-collar 27317: 27315: 27312: 27310: 27307: 27305: 27302: 27300: 27297: 27295: 27292: 27290: 27287: 27285: 27282: 27280: 27277: 27275: 27272: 27271: 27269: 27267: 27266:Working class 27263: 27257: 27254: 27252: 27249: 27247: 27244: 27242: 27239: 27237: 27234: 27232: 27229: 27227: 27224: 27222: 27219: 27217: 27214: 27213: 27211: 27207: 27201: 27198: 27196: 27193: 27191: 27188: 27186: 27183: 27181: 27178: 27176: 27173: 27171: 27168: 27166: 27163: 27161: 27158: 27156: 27153: 27151: 27148: 27146: 27143: 27141: 27140:Job interview 27138: 27136: 27133: 27131: 27128: 27126: 27123: 27121: 27118: 27114: 27111: 27110: 27109: 27106: 27104: 27101: 27099: 27096: 27094: 27091: 27089: 27086: 27084: 27081: 27079: 27076: 27074: 27071: 27069: 27066: 27065: 27063: 27061: 27057: 27051: 27048: 27046: 27043: 27041: 27038: 27036: 27033: 27031: 27028: 27024: 27021: 27019: 27016: 27014: 27011: 27010: 27009: 27006: 27004: 27001: 26999: 26996: 26994: 26993:Part-time job 26991: 26989: 26986: 26984: 26981: 26979: 26978:Full-time job 26976: 26974: 26971: 26969: 26966: 26964: 26961: 26960: 26958: 26954: 26950: 26943: 26938: 26936: 26931: 26929: 26924: 26923: 26920: 26908: 26905: 26903: 26900: 26898: 26895: 26893: 26890: 26888: 26885: 26883: 26880: 26878: 26875: 26874: 26872: 26870: 26865: 26861: 26855: 26854:Right to work 26852: 26850: 26847: 26845: 26842: 26840: 26837: 26835: 26832: 26830: 26827: 26825: 26822: 26820: 26817: 26815: 26812: 26810: 26807: 26805: 26802: 26800: 26797: 26795: 26792: 26790: 26789:Right to food 26787: 26785: 26782: 26780: 26777: 26775: 26772: 26770: 26767: 26765: 26762: 26760: 26757: 26755: 26752: 26750: 26747: 26746: 26744: 26741: 26734: 26728: 26725: 26721: 26718: 26717: 26716: 26713: 26711: 26708: 26706: 26703: 26701: 26698: 26696: 26693: 26691: 26688: 26686: 26683: 26681: 26678: 26676: 26673: 26671: 26670:Right to life 26668: 26666: 26663: 26661: 26658: 26656: 26653: 26651: 26648: 26646: 26643: 26641: 26638: 26636: 26633: 26631: 26628: 26626: 26623: 26621: 26618: 26616: 26613: 26611: 26608: 26606: 26603: 26601: 26598: 26596: 26593: 26591: 26588: 26586: 26583: 26581: 26578: 26576: 26573: 26571: 26568: 26566: 26563: 26561: 26558: 26556: 26553: 26551: 26548: 26547: 26545: 26543: 26539: 26532: 26528: 26520: 26515: 26513: 26508: 26506: 26501: 26500: 26497: 26485: 26477: 26475: 26467: 26465: 26457: 26456: 26453: 26447: 26444: 26442: 26439: 26435: 26432: 26431: 26430: 26427: 26425: 26422: 26420: 26417: 26415: 26412: 26410: 26407: 26405: 26402: 26400: 26397: 26395: 26392: 26390: 26387: 26385: 26382: 26380: 26377: 26375: 26372: 26370: 26367: 26365: 26362: 26360: 26357: 26355: 26352: 26350: 26347: 26345: 26342: 26340: 26337: 26336: 26334: 26330: 26322: 26319: 26318: 26317: 26314: 26312: 26311:Wine industry 26309: 26307: 26304: 26302: 26299: 26297: 26294: 26292: 26289: 26287: 26284: 26280: 26277: 26275: 26272: 26271: 26270: 26267: 26263: 26260: 26259: 26258: 26255: 26253: 26250: 26246: 26243: 26241: 26238: 26237: 26236: 26233: 26229: 26226: 26222: 26219: 26218: 26217: 26214: 26210: 26207: 26205: 26202: 26201: 26200: 26197: 26193: 26190: 26188: 26185: 26184: 26183: 26180: 26179: 26178: 26175: 26173: 26170: 26169: 26167: 26163: 26155: 26152: 26150: 26147: 26145: 26142: 26141: 26140: 26139:South America 26137: 26133: 26130: 26128: 26127:United States 26125: 26123: 26120: 26119: 26118: 26117:North America 26115: 26111: 26108: 26106: 26103: 26101: 26098: 26096: 26093: 26092: 26091: 26088: 26084: 26081: 26079: 26076: 26074: 26071: 26069: 26066: 26064: 26061: 26059: 26056: 26054: 26051: 26049: 26046: 26044: 26041: 26039: 26036: 26034: 26031: 26030: 26029: 26026: 26024: 26021: 26017: 26014: 26012: 26009: 26007: 26004: 26003: 26002: 25999: 25995: 25992: 25990: 25987: 25985: 25982: 25980: 25977: 25975: 25972: 25970: 25967: 25966: 25965: 25962: 25958: 25955: 25953: 25950: 25949: 25948: 25945: 25943: 25940: 25939: 25937: 25935: 25931: 25925: 25922: 25920: 25917: 25915: 25912: 25910: 25907: 25905: 25904:Racialization 25902: 25900: 25897: 25895: 25892: 25890: 25887: 25885: 25882: 25880: 25877: 25875: 25872: 25870: 25869:Ethnic hatred 25867: 25865: 25862: 25860: 25857: 25855: 25852: 25850: 25847: 25845: 25842: 25841: 25839: 25833: 25827: 25824: 25822: 25819: 25817: 25814: 25812: 25809: 25807: 25804: 25802: 25799: 25797: 25794: 25792: 25789: 25787: 25786:Laissez-faire 25784: 25782: 25779: 25777: 25774: 25772: 25771:Institutional 25769: 25767: 25764: 25762: 25759: 25757: 25756:Environmental 25754: 25752: 25749: 25747: 25744: 25742: 25739: 25737: 25734: 25732: 25729: 25728: 25726: 25722: 25718: 25711: 25706: 25704: 25699: 25697: 25692: 25691: 25688: 25676: 25668: 25666: 25658: 25657: 25654: 25648: 25645: 25641: 25638: 25637: 25636: 25633: 25631: 25628: 25626: 25625:Social stigma 25623: 25619: 25616: 25614: 25611: 25609: 25606: 25605: 25604: 25601: 25599: 25596: 25594: 25591: 25589: 25586: 25584: 25581: 25579: 25576: 25572: 25569: 25568: 25567: 25564: 25562: 25559: 25557: 25554: 25552: 25549: 25547: 25544: 25542: 25539: 25537: 25534: 25532: 25529: 25527: 25524: 25522: 25519: 25517: 25514: 25512: 25509: 25507: 25504: 25502: 25499: 25495: 25492: 25491: 25490: 25487: 25485: 25482: 25480: 25477: 25475: 25472: 25470: 25467: 25465: 25462: 25460: 25457: 25455: 25452: 25450: 25447: 25443: 25440: 25438: 25435: 25434: 25433: 25430: 25428: 25425: 25423: 25420: 25418: 25415: 25413: 25410: 25408: 25405: 25403: 25400: 25399: 25397: 25393: 25387: 25384: 25382: 25379: 25377: 25374: 25372: 25369: 25367: 25364: 25362: 25359: 25357: 25354: 25352: 25349: 25347: 25344: 25342: 25339: 25337: 25334: 25332: 25329: 25327: 25324: 25322: 25319: 25315: 25312: 25311: 25310: 25307: 25305: 25302: 25300: 25297: 25295: 25292: 25290: 25287: 25285: 25282: 25280: 25277: 25276: 25274: 25270: 25264: 25261: 25259: 25256: 25254: 25251: 25249: 25248:State atheism 25246: 25244: 25241: 25239: 25236: 25232: 25229: 25227: 25224: 25222: 25219: 25217: 25214: 25213: 25212: 25209: 25207: 25204: 25202: 25199: 25197: 25194: 25190: 25187: 25185: 25184:Jim Crow laws 25182: 25181: 25180: 25177: 25175: 25172: 25170: 25169:One-drop rule 25167: 25165: 25163: 25159: 25157: 25154: 25152: 25149: 25147: 25144: 25142: 25139: 25137: 25134: 25132: 25129: 25127: 25124: 25122: 25119: 25117: 25114: 25112: 25109: 25105: 25102: 25100: 25097: 25096: 25095: 25092: 25090: 25087: 25085: 25084:Blood quantum 25082: 25080: 25077: 25075: 25072: 25071: 25069: 25063: 25057: 25054: 25052: 25049: 25047: 25044: 25042: 25039: 25037: 25034: 25032: 25031:Victimisation 25029: 25027: 25026:Trans bashing 25024: 25022: 25019: 25017: 25014: 25012: 25009: 25007: 25004: 25002: 24999: 24997: 24996:Religious war 24994: 24992: 24989: 24987: 24984: 24982: 24979: 24977: 24976:Racialization 24974: 24972: 24969: 24967: 24964: 24962: 24959: 24957: 24954: 24952: 24949: 24947: 24944: 24940: 24937: 24935: 24932: 24930: 24927: 24926: 24925: 24922: 24920: 24917: 24915: 24912: 24910: 24907: 24905: 24902: 24900: 24897: 24895: 24892: 24890: 24887: 24885: 24882: 24880: 24877: 24875: 24872: 24870: 24867: 24865: 24862: 24858: 24855: 24854: 24853: 24850: 24848: 24847:Glass ceiling 24845: 24841: 24838: 24837: 24836: 24833: 24831: 24828: 24826: 24823: 24821: 24818: 24816: 24813: 24811: 24808: 24806: 24803: 24801: 24798: 24796: 24793: 24791: 24790:Ethnic hatred 24788: 24786: 24783: 24781: 24778: 24776: 24773: 24771: 24768: 24766: 24763: 24761: 24758: 24756: 24753: 24751: 24748: 24746: 24743: 24741: 24738: 24736: 24733: 24731: 24728: 24726: 24725:Counter-jihad 24723: 24721: 24718: 24716: 24713: 24711: 24708: 24706: 24703: 24701: 24698: 24696: 24693: 24689: 24686: 24685: 24684: 24681: 24680: 24678: 24674: 24668: 24665: 24663: 24660: 24658: 24655: 24653: 24650: 24648: 24645: 24643: 24640: 24638: 24635: 24633: 24630: 24628: 24625: 24623: 24620: 24618: 24615: 24613: 24610: 24608: 24605: 24603: 24600: 24598: 24595: 24593: 24590: 24588: 24585: 24583: 24580: 24578: 24575: 24573: 24570: 24568: 24565: 24563: 24560: 24558: 24555: 24553: 24550: 24548: 24545: 24543: 24540: 24536: 24533: 24532: 24531: 24528: 24526: 24523: 24521: 24518: 24516: 24513: 24509: 24508:United States 24506: 24504: 24501: 24499: 24496: 24495: 24493: 24491: 24488: 24486: 24483: 24481: 24478: 24476: 24473: 24471: 24468: 24466: 24463: 24461: 24458: 24456: 24453: 24451: 24448: 24446: 24443: 24441: 24438: 24436: 24433: 24431: 24428: 24426: 24423: 24421: 24418: 24416: 24413: 24411: 24408: 24404: 24401: 24399: 24396: 24394: 24391: 24390: 24389: 24386: 24384: 24381: 24379: 24376: 24372: 24371:United States 24369: 24367: 24364: 24362: 24359: 24358: 24357: 24354: 24352: 24349: 24347: 24344: 24342: 24339: 24337: 24334: 24332: 24329: 24327: 24324: 24323: 24321: 24319: 24314: 24308: 24305: 24303: 24300: 24298: 24295: 24293: 24292:Protestantism 24290: 24288: 24285: 24281: 24278: 24277: 24276: 24273: 24267: 24264: 24262: 24259: 24257: 24254: 24252: 24249: 24247: 24244: 24243: 24242: 24239: 24238: 24237: 24234: 24230: 24227: 24225: 24222: 24221: 24220: 24217: 24215: 24212: 24208: 24205: 24203: 24202:LDS or Mormon 24200: 24198: 24195: 24193: 24190: 24188: 24185: 24184: 24183: 24180: 24178: 24175: 24173: 24170: 24168: 24165: 24164: 24162: 24160: 24156: 24150: 24147: 24145: 24142: 24138: 24135: 24133: 24132:Transmisogyny 24130: 24128: 24125: 24124: 24123: 24120: 24116: 24113: 24111: 24108: 24107: 24106: 24103: 24101: 24098: 24096: 24093: 24091: 24088: 24086: 24083: 24081: 24078: 24076: 24073: 24071: 24068: 24066: 24063: 24061: 24058: 24056: 24053: 24051: 24048: 24046: 24043: 24041: 24038: 24036: 24035:Gerontophobia 24033: 24031: 24028: 24026: 24023: 24021: 24018: 24016: 24013: 24011: 24008: 24006: 24003: 24001: 23998: 23996: 23993: 23991: 23988: 23986: 23983: 23981: 23978: 23976: 23973: 23971: 23968: 23966: 23965:Anti-intersex 23963: 23961: 23958: 23956: 23953: 23951: 23948: 23946: 23943: 23941: 23940:Anti-albinism 23938: 23936: 23933: 23931: 23928: 23926: 23923: 23922: 23920: 23916: 23910: 23907: 23905: 23902: 23900: 23897: 23895: 23892: 23890: 23887: 23885: 23882: 23878: 23875: 23873: 23870: 23869: 23868: 23865: 23863: 23860: 23858: 23855: 23853: 23850: 23848: 23845: 23843: 23840: 23838: 23835: 23833: 23830: 23828: 23825: 23823: 23820: 23818: 23815: 23813: 23810: 23809: 23807: 23803: 23797: 23794: 23792: 23789: 23787: 23784: 23782: 23781:Institutional 23779: 23778: 23776: 23772: 23768: 23761: 23756: 23754: 23749: 23747: 23742: 23741: 23738: 23726: 23723: 23721: 23718: 23716: 23713: 23711: 23708: 23706: 23703: 23701: 23698: 23696: 23693: 23691: 23688: 23686: 23683: 23681: 23678: 23677: 23674: 23669: 23668:Unfree labour 23662: 23657: 23655: 23650: 23648: 23643: 23642: 23639: 23626: 23625: 23621: 23618: 23617: 23613: 23610: 23609: 23605: 23602: 23601: 23597: 23594: 23593: 23589: 23586: 23585: 23581: 23578: 23577: 23573: 23571: 23568: 23566: 23563: 23561: 23558: 23556: 23553: 23551: 23548: 23546: 23543: 23541: 23538: 23536: 23533: 23531: 23528: 23526: 23523: 23521: 23518: 23517: 23515: 23511: 23504: 23503: 23499: 23496: 23495: 23491: 23490: 23488: 23486:Documentaries 23484: 23477: 23476: 23472: 23469: 23468: 23464: 23461: 23460: 23456: 23455: 23453: 23449: 23442: 23441: 23437: 23434: 23430: 23429: 23427: 23423: 23416: 23415: 23411: 23408: 23407: 23403: 23400: 23399: 23395: 23394: 23392: 23388: 23381: 23380: 23376: 23373: 23372: 23368: 23365: 23364: 23360: 23357: 23356: 23352: 23349: 23348: 23344: 23341: 23340: 23336: 23333: 23332: 23328: 23325: 23324: 23320: 23317: 23316: 23312: 23309: 23308: 23304: 23301: 23300: 23296: 23293: 23292: 23288: 23285: 23284: 23280: 23277: 23276: 23272: 23269: 23268: 23264: 23261: 23260: 23256: 23253: 23252: 23248: 23245: 23244: 23240: 23223: 23222: 23218: 23215: 23214: 23210: 23207: 23206: 23202: 23199: 23198: 23194: 23191: 23190: 23186: 23183: 23182: 23178: 23177: 23175: 23173: 23169: 23162: 23161: 23157: 23154: 23153: 23149: 23146: 23145: 23141: 23138: 23137: 23133: 23130: 23129: 23125: 23122: 23121: 23117: 23114: 23113: 23109: 23106: 23105: 23101: 23098: 23097: 23093: 23090: 23089: 23085: 23082: 23081: 23077: 23074: 23073: 23069: 23066: 23065: 23061: 23058: 23057: 23053: 23050: 23049: 23045: 23044: 23042: 23038: 23027: 23024: 23021: 23018: 23015: 23012: 23011: 23009: 23007:South America 23005: 22998: 22997:Zamba Zembola 22995: 22993: 22990: 22987: 22984: 22982: 22979: 22977: 22976:Bethany Veney 22974: 22972: 22969: 22967: 22964: 22961: 22957: 22954: 22951: 22949: 22948:Venture Smith 22946: 22944: 22941: 22939: 22936: 22934: 22931: 22929: 22928:James Roberts 22926: 22924: 22921: 22918: 22915: 22913: 22910: 22908: 22905: 22902: 22899: 22897: 22894: 22892: 22889: 22887: 22886:Lunsford Lane 22884: 22882: 22879: 22877: 22874: 22871: 22870:Paul Jennings 22868: 22866: 22863: 22861: 22858: 22856: 22853: 22851: 22848: 22846: 22845:Omar ibn Said 22843: 22840: 22837: 22835: 22834:Josiah Henson 22832: 22830: 22827: 22824: 22820: 22819:William Green 22817: 22815: 22812: 22810: 22807: 22805: 22802: 22799: 22795: 22794:Peter Fossett 22792: 22790: 22787: 22784: 22781: 22779: 22776: 22774: 22771: 22769: 22766: 22764: 22761: 22759: 22756: 22754: 22753:Lucinda Davis 22751: 22749: 22748:Hannah Crafts 22746: 22744: 22741: 22738: 22735: 22733: 22730: 22728: 22725: 22723: 22720: 22717: 22716:James Bradley 22714: 22712: 22711:Leonard Black 22709: 22707: 22704: 22702: 22699: 22697: 22694: 22692: 22689: 22687: 22684: 22682: 22679: 22677: 22674: 22673: 22671: 22669:United States 22665: 22658: 22657:Marcos Xiorro 22655: 22652: 22648: 22645: 22642: 22639: 22636: 22633: 22630: 22629: 22627: 22621: 22614: 22611: 22608: 22605: 22604: 22602: 22596: 22590: 22587: 22585: 22582: 22580: 22577: 22576: 22574: 22570: 22563: 22560: 22557: 22554: 22551: 22548: 22545: 22542: 22539: 22536: 22533: 22530: 22529: 22527: 22523: 22516: 22513: 22512: 22510: 22506: 22499: 22496: 22493: 22490: 22487: 22484: 22481: 22478: 22468: 22465: 22462: 22461:Thomas Pellow 22459: 22456: 22453: 22450: 22447: 22444: 22441: 22438: 22435: 22432: 22431:Petro Kilekwa 22429: 22426: 22423: 22420: 22417: 22414: 22411: 22408: 22405: 22402: 22399: 22396: 22393: 22390: 22387: 22386: 22384: 22380: 22377: 22369: 22363: 22360: 22359: 22356: 22352: 22345: 22340: 22338: 22333: 22331: 22326: 22325: 22322: 22316: 22309: 22302: 22299: 22296: 22293: 22292: 22284: 22280: 22277: 22275: 22274: 22269: 22266: 22260: 22257: 22254: 22251: 22249: 22245: 22242: 22238: 22234: 22230: 22228: 22224: 22221: 22218: 22215: 22211: 22207: 22203: 22199: 22195: 22193: 22189: 22186: 22183: 22179: 22176: 22174: 22170: 22167: 22166: 22151: 22145: 22141: 22137: 22133: 22129: 22125: 22119: 22115: 22114: 22108: 22104: 22098: 22094: 22093: 22087: 22080:September 21, 22072: 22068: 22062: 22055: 22054: 22048: 22033: 22029: 22023: 22016: 22015: 22009: 22005: 21999: 21995: 21991: 21990: 21984: 21980: 21974: 21970: 21966: 21965: 21959: 21955: 21949: 21945: 21941: 21940: 21934: 21930: 21924: 21920: 21919: 21913: 21912: 21902: 21896: 21892: 21888: 21887: 21881: 21877: 21871: 21867: 21863: 21862: 21856: 21852: 21848: 21844: 21840: 21836: 21830: 21826: 21822: 21818: 21814: 21810: 21806: 21801: 21798:. A.A. Knopf. 21797: 21796: 21790: 21786: 21780: 21776: 21772: 21771: 21765: 21761: 21757: 21751: 21747: 21743: 21742: 21736: 21732: 21726: 21722: 21718: 21717: 21712: 21708: 21704: 21703: 21698: 21694: 21690: 21684: 21680: 21676: 21675: 21669: 21665: 21659: 21655: 21651: 21646: 21644: 21643:online review 21638: 21632: 21628: 21627: 21622: 21618: 21614: 21610: 21606: 21601: 21597: 21593: 21589: 21585: 21581: 21577: 21573: 21569: 21564: 21560: 21554: 21550: 21549: 21544: 21540: 21536: 21530: 21526: 21525: 21520: 21516: 21512: 21506: 21503:. p. 3. 21502: 21498: 21497: 21491: 21487: 21481: 21477: 21476: 21470: 21466: 21460: 21457:. New Press. 21456: 21455: 21449: 21445: 21439: 21435: 21431: 21430: 21424: 21420: 21414: 21410: 21406: 21405: 21400: 21399:Beckert, Sven 21396: 21392: 21386: 21382: 21381: 21376: 21372: 21371: 21368:United States 21361: 21357: 21353: 21349: 21345: 21341: 21336: 21332: 21328: 21324: 21320: 21319: 21313: 21309: 21305: 21301: 21297: 21293: 21289: 21285: 21281: 21276: 21272: 21268: 21264: 21260: 21255: 21251: 21247: 21243: 21239: 21234: 21230: 21226: 21222: 21218: 21214: 21210: 21205: 21201: 21197: 21193: 21189: 21185: 21181: 21177: 21173: 21168: 21164: 21160: 21156: 21152: 21148: 21144: 21139: 21138: 21134: 21133: 21128: 21122: 21118: 21117: 21111: 21107: 21101: 21097: 21094: 21090: 21089: 21084: 21080: 21076: 21070: 21066: 21062: 21061: 21056: 21052: 21048: 21042: 21038: 21034: 21033: 21028: 21024: 21020: 21014: 21010: 21006: 21005: 20999: 20995: 20989: 20985: 20981: 20980: 20974: 20970: 20964: 20960: 20956: 20955: 20949: 20945: 20939: 20935: 20931: 20930: 20924: 20920: 20916: 20910: 20906: 20905: 20900: 20896: 20892: 20886: 20882: 20878: 20877: 20871: 20867: 20861: 20857: 20853: 20852: 20846: 20842: 20836: 20832: 20831: 20825: 20821: 20815: 20811: 20807: 20806: 20800: 20796: 20790: 20786: 20782: 20781: 20775: 20771: 20765: 20761: 20757: 20756: 20750: 20746: 20740: 20736: 20732: 20731: 20726: 20722: 20718: 20712: 20708: 20704: 20703: 20698: 20694: 20690: 20686: 20682: 20678: 20674: 20668: 20664: 20660: 20656: 20652: 20648: 20644: 20639: 20635: 20629: 20625: 20621: 20620: 20615: 20614:Beckert, Sven 20611: 20610: 20606: 20605: 20582: 20578: 20574: 20568: 20564: 20560: 20559: 20553: 20549: 20543: 20539: 20534: 20530: 20526: 20522: 20518: 20514: 20510: 20509: 20503: 20492: 20486: 20482: 20478: 20477: 20471: 20467: 20455: 20447: 20443: 20439: 20433: 20429: 20425: 20420: 20409: 20403: 20399: 20395: 20394: 20389: 20385: 20381: 20375: 20371: 20367: 20366: 20361: 20357: 20353: 20347: 20343: 20339: 20338: 20333: 20329: 20325: 20319: 20315: 20311: 20310: 20304: 20300: 20297:. Cambridge: 20296: 20291: 20287: 20281: 20278:. p. 5. 20277: 20273: 20272: 20266: 20262: 20256: 20252: 20248: 20244: 20240: 20235: 20231: 20225: 20221: 20217: 20216: 20210: 20206: 20202: 20197: 20193: 20189: 20185: 20181: 20176: 20172: 20166: 20162: 20158: 20157: 20152: 20148: 20137: 20133: 20129: 20125: 20121: 20117: 20113: 20109: 20102: 20097: 20086: 20080: 20076: 20072: 20071: 20065: 20061: 20055: 20051: 20047: 20042: 20038: 20032: 20029:. p. 7. 20028: 20024: 20023: 20018: 20014: 20010: 20006: 20001: 19997: 19991: 19987: 19983: 19979: 19974: 19970: 19966: 19962: 19961: 19955: 19951: 19945: 19941: 19937: 19933: 19929: 19924: 19919: 19915: 19911: 19907: 19902: 19898: 19894: 19890: 19886: 19882: 19878: 19873: 19869: 19863: 19859: 19855: 19851: 19847: 19843: 19837: 19833: 19829: 19824: 19820: 19814: 19810: 19806: 19805: 19799: 19795: 19791: 19787: 19783: 19777: 19773: 19769: 19768: 19763: 19758: 19754: 19748: 19744: 19740: 19739: 19734: 19729: 19725: 19719: 19715: 19714: 19708: 19704: 19700: 19699: 19694: 19689: 19685: 19679: 19675: 19671: 19670: 19665: 19661: 19650: 19646: 19642: 19637: 19633: 19629: 19624: 19620: 19616: 19612: 19610:1-85109-816-X 19606: 19602: 19598: 19597: 19591: 19587: 19581: 19577: 19573: 19572: 19567: 19563: 19559: 19553: 19549: 19545: 19541: 19537: 19531: 19527: 19523: 19519: 19515: 19511: 19507: 19496: 19492: 19491: 19486: 19481: 19480: 19458: 19452: 19444: 19440: 19436: 19432: 19428: 19424: 19423: 19415: 19407: 19403: 19399: 19395: 19392:(3): 370–73. 19391: 19387: 19380: 19373: 19368: 19361: 19356: 19354: 19345: 19341: 19337: 19333: 19329: 19325: 19321: 19317: 19313: 19306: 19298: 19292: 19288: 19284: 19283: 19275: 19259: 19255: 19251: 19247: 19240: 19232: 19226: 19222: 19218: 19217: 19209: 19201: 19189: 19181: 19175: 19171: 19167: 19163: 19159: 19152: 19144: 19143: 19135: 19120: 19116: 19109: 19094: 19090: 19083: 19075: 19071: 19070: 19065: 19058: 19050: 19038: 19034: 19030: 19024: 19009: 19005: 18999: 18984: 18980: 18973: 18957: 18953: 18952: 18947: 18940: 18924: 18920: 18914: 18898: 18894: 18888: 18873: 18872: 18867: 18860: 18858: 18842: 18838: 18837:H-Net Reviews 18834: 18827: 18811: 18807: 18800: 18792: 18788: 18784: 18782:0-582-58504-X 18778: 18774: 18767: 18751: 18745: 18737: 18736: 18731: 18724: 18722: 18706: 18702: 18696: 18685:September 30, 18677: 18673: 18666: 18660: 18649:September 29, 18644: 18640: 18634: 18618: 18612: 18601:September 29, 18596: 18592: 18586: 18575:September 29, 18570: 18566: 18560: 18552: 18546: 18542: 18541: 18533: 18525: 18521: 18517: 18513: 18509: 18505: 18501: 18497: 18493: 18486: 18478: 18474: 18470: 18466: 18462: 18458: 18454: 18453:The Historian 18447: 18439: 18435: 18431: 18427: 18423: 18419: 18415: 18408: 18400: 18389: 18383: 18379: 18378: 18370: 18359:September 29, 18354: 18350: 18344: 18329: 18325: 18321: 18320: 18315: 18308: 18301: 18297: 18291: 18287: 18286: 18278: 18263: 18259: 18255: 18249: 18241: 18235: 18231: 18227: 18221: 18213: 18207: 18203: 18199: 18193: 18174: 18167: 18160: 18153: 18140: 18136: 18132: 18126: 18110: 18104: 18102: 18085: 18081: 18077: 18071: 18055: 18051: 18047: 18041: 18025: 18021: 18017: 18010: 17991: 17985: 17970: 17969: 17964: 17957: 17941: 17937: 17933: 17932: 17927: 17920: 17912: 17908: 17907: 17902: 17896: 17888: 17884: 17877: 17861: 17860: 17855: 17849: 17833: 17829: 17828: 17821: 17814: 17801: 17800: 17795: 17789: 17773: 17769: 17768: 17763: 17757: 17741: 17737: 17736: 17731: 17730:"North Korea" 17725: 17717: 17705: 17689: 17685: 17684: 17677: 17661: 17657: 17653: 17647: 17631: 17627: 17625: 17620: 17614: 17598: 17597: 17592: 17586: 17570: 17566: 17562: 17556: 17540: 17536: 17530: 17515: 17511: 17504: 17489: 17485: 17479: 17463: 17459: 17453: 17437: 17433: 17427: 17419: 17415: 17408: 17400: 17399: 17394: 17390: 17384: 17376: 17372: 17368: 17364: 17358: 17350: 17344: 17336: 17335: 17327: 17319: 17315: 17309: 17293: 17289: 17285: 17278: 17263: 17259: 17252: 17237: 17233: 17227: 17212: 17211: 17206: 17199: 17184: 17183: 17178: 17171: 17155: 17151: 17144: 17129: 17125: 17118: 17102: 17095: 17079: 17075: 17071: 17064: 17056: 17055: 17050: 17044: 17036: 17024: 17020: 17014: 17010: 17009: 17004: 17003:Žižek, Slavoj 16998: 16982: 16978: 16972: 16957: 16953: 16949: 16948: 16943: 16936: 16928: 16924: 16917: 16909: 16903: 16899: 16893: 16886: 16881: 16865: 16861: 16857: 16851: 16835: 16831: 16827: 16821: 16810:September 29, 16805: 16804: 16799: 16793: 16777: 16773: 16767: 16752: 16746: 16742: 16738: 16737: 16729: 16720: 16718: 16716: 16706: 16704: 16702: 16685: 16679: 16671: 16665: 16661: 16657: 16651: 16643: 16639: 16633: 16625: 16621: 16617: 16613: 16612: 16607: 16603: 16597: 16581: 16575: 16559: 16555: 16549: 16543:, p. 53. 16542: 16537: 16522: 16515: 16507: 16500: 16492: 16485: 16470: 16466: 16460: 16452: 16446: 16442: 16438: 16434: 16430: 16423: 16416: 16412: 16408: 16402: 16394: 16390: 16386: 16382: 16378: 16374: 16370: 16363: 16355: 16354: 16349: 16348:"Wilson Bell" 16343: 16335: 16331: 16330: 16325: 16319: 16311: 16299: 16291: 16290: 16282: 16276: 16272: 16268: 16264: 16258: 16251: 16246: 16239: 16234: 16227: 16226:Dobson (2012) 16223: 16222:Barnes (2011) 16219: 16214: 16210: 16204: 16197: 16184: 16180: 16174: 16167: 16163: 16162: 16154: 16135: 16128: 16121: 16105: 16099: 16083: 16079: 16073: 16065: 16061: 16057: 16051: 16043: 16037: 16033: 16032: 16024: 16013: 16009: 16002: 15998: 15992: 15981: 15974: 15967: 15959: 15955: 15951: 15947: 15943: 15939: 15932: 15924: 15920: 15916: 15912: 15905: 15890: 15884: 15880: 15876: 15875: 15867: 15859: 15853: 15849: 15845: 15844: 15836: 15821: 15815: 15812:. p. 8. 15811: 15807: 15806: 15798: 15783: 15777: 15773: 15769: 15768: 15760: 15752: 15746: 15742: 15738: 15737: 15729: 15727: 15725: 15709: 15703: 15699: 15698: 15690: 15682: 15678: 15672: 15656: 15649: 15641: 15635: 15631: 15624: 15616: 15612: 15608: 15604: 15603: 15598: 15594: 15588: 15586: 15569: 15565: 15559: 15544: 15540: 15533: 15525: 15519: 15515: 15511: 15510: 15502: 15486: 15479: 15464: 15458: 15456: 15439: 15435: 15429: 15421: 15420:The Historian 15417: 15411: 15403: 15397: 15393: 15389: 15382: 15366: 15362: 15358: 15352: 15344: 15340: 15339: 15335: 15329: 15321: 15317: 15312: 15307: 15303: 15299: 15295: 15288: 15280: 15269: 15263: 15259: 15255: 15254: 15246: 15238: 15227: 15221: 15217: 15213: 15212: 15204: 15189: 15183: 15179: 15175: 15174: 15166: 15151: 15145: 15141: 15137: 15136: 15128: 15112: 15106: 15090: 15089:"Slave-trade" 15083: 15067: 15063: 15062:"Slave trade" 15057: 15049: 15043: 15039: 15038: 15033: 15027: 15019: 15013: 15009: 15005: 14999: 14991: 14987: 14983: 14979: 14975: 14971: 14967: 14966: 14958: 14950: 14944: 14940: 14933: 14925: 14919: 14915: 14910: 14909: 14900: 14892: 14886: 14882: 14878: 14877: 14869: 14861: 14854: 14850: 14844: 14842: 14840: 14823: 14819: 14813: 14798: 14792: 14788: 14784: 14783: 14775: 14759: 14755: 14749: 14741: 14737: 14733: 14729: 14725: 14721: 14717: 14714:(in German). 14713: 14706: 14699: 14697: 14684: 14678: 14674: 14670: 14669: 14661: 14653: 14647: 14643: 14639: 14638: 14630: 14628: 14626: 14624: 14615: 14611: 14607: 14600: 14598: 14587: 14580: 14576: 14572: 14568: 14564: 14560: 14554: 14547: 14540: 14533: 14529: 14525: 14521: 14515: 14509: 14505: 14501: 14497: 14493: 14489: 14485: 14482:, p. 5; 14481: 14477: 14472: 14464: 14460: 14454: 14447: 14443: 14439: 14435: 14431: 14427: 14423: 14419: 14415: 14411: 14404: 14394: 14386: 14380: 14376: 14369: 14354: 14348: 14344: 14340: 14339: 14331: 14323: 14317: 14313: 14306: 14291: 14285: 14281: 14277: 14276: 14268: 14253: 14247: 14243: 14239: 14238: 14230: 14222: 14218: 14211: 14203: 14199: 14195: 14191: 14184: 14177: 14173: 14169: 14164: 14156: 14152: 14148: 14142: 14138: 14137: 14129: 14121: 14115: 14111: 14107: 14100: 14093: 14088: 14081: 14076: 14070: 14066: 14059: 14057: 14049: 14044: 14038: 14034: 14027: 14020: 14008: 14002: 13998: 13997:Penguin Books 13994: 13993: 13985: 13970: 13964: 13960: 13956: 13955: 13947: 13932: 13926: 13922: 13918: 13917: 13909: 13901: 13894: 13887: 13876: 13870: 13866: 13862: 13857: 13856: 13847: 13832: 13826: 13822: 13818: 13817: 13812: 13808: 13802: 13787: 13781: 13777: 13773: 13772: 13767: 13763: 13757: 13742: 13736: 13732: 13728: 13727: 13719: 13711: 13705: 13701: 13697: 13690: 13674: 13670: 13666: 13660: 13644: 13640: 13636: 13629: 13621: 13615: 13611: 13607: 13606: 13598: 13596: 13587: 13581: 13577: 13576: 13568: 13553: 13547: 13543: 13539: 13538: 13530: 13528: 13520: 13519:Campbell 2004 13515: 13508: 13507:Campbell 2004 13503: 13501: 13499: 13483: 13477: 13473: 13469: 13468: 13460: 13453: 13441: 13435: 13431: 13427: 13426: 13418: 13411: 13410:Campbell 2004 13406: 13390: 13386: 13382: 13378: 13371: 13363: 13357: 13353: 13349: 13348: 13340: 13338: 13336: 13328: 13323: 13321: 13319: 13317: 13315: 13313: 13311: 13309: 13307: 13299: 13298:Millward 1998 13294: 13287: 13286:Millward 1998 13282: 13267: 13261: 13257: 13253: 13252: 13244: 13229: 13223: 13219: 13215: 13214: 13206: 13199: 13193: 13189: 13185: 13181: 13177: 13173: 13169: 13163: 13155: 13149: 13145: 13141: 13140: 13132: 13126:, p. 316 13125: 13121: 13117: 13112: 13104: 13100: 13096: 13092: 13088: 13082: 13074: 13068: 13064: 13060: 13059: 13051: 13043: 13037: 13033: 13029: 13028: 13020: 13012: 13006: 13002: 12998: 12997: 12989: 12980: 12971: 12964: 12959: 12957: 12955: 12943: 12937: 12929: 12925: 12921: 12917: 12913: 12909: 12905: 12901: 12894: 12878: 12874: 12870: 12864: 12856: 12850: 12846: 12842: 12841: 12833: 12818: 12814: 12807: 12796:September 29, 12792: 12791: 12786: 12782: 12776: 12768: 12764: 12758: 12742: 12738: 12732: 12724: 12720: 12716: 12710: 12701: 12695: 12691: 12690: 12685: 12679: 12671: 12665: 12661: 12657: 12656: 12648: 12640: 12634: 12630: 12629: 12621: 12613: 12606: 12604: 12595: 12591: 12585: 12581: 12577: 12576: 12568: 12560: 12556: 12555: 12550: 12543: 12535: 12529: 12525: 12521: 12520: 12512: 12505:. p. 63. 12504: 12500: 12493: 12486: 12485:Campbell 2008 12481: 12473: 12467: 12463: 12459: 12458: 12450: 12434: 12430: 12429: 12424: 12417: 12409: 12403: 12399: 12395: 12394: 12389: 12383: 12367: 12363: 12359: 12353: 12337: 12333: 12329: 12323: 12315: 12311: 12305: 12289: 12285: 12278: 12270: 12264: 12260: 12255: 12254: 12245: 12237: 12231: 12227: 12223: 12217: 12209: 12203: 12199: 12195: 12188: 12172: 12168: 12162: 12154: 12150: 12143: 12141: 12134: 12130: 12126: 12125:Toppin (2010) 12122: 12118: 12117:Conway (2008) 12114: 12110: 12109:Danver (2010) 12105: 12097: 12091: 12087: 12083: 12077: 12069: 12063: 12059: 12058: 12050: 12034: 12028: 12021: 12017: 12013: 12008: 12000: 11996: 11992: 11988: 11984: 11980: 11976: 11972: 11971: 11963: 11954: 11952:0-8189-0764-9 11948: 11944: 11937: 11929: 11925: 11919: 11910: 11908:0-87580-043-2 11904: 11900: 11896: 11889: 11881: 11877: 11871: 11863: 11859: 11853: 11837: 11833: 11832: 11827: 11821: 11813: 11802: 11796: 11792: 11788: 11781: 11773: 11769: 11765: 11761: 11757: 11753: 11749: 11748: 11740: 11725: 11721: 11715: 11707: 11701: 11697: 11693: 11692: 11684: 11676: 11672: 11668: 11662: 11654: 11648: 11644: 11640: 11639: 11631: 11623: 11617: 11613: 11612: 11604: 11588: 11584: 11580: 11576: 11570: 11555: 11554:metmuseum.org 11551: 11544: 11529: 11525: 11521: 11520: 11515: 11511: 11505: 11503: 11501: 11485: 11484: 11479: 11472: 11465:. p. 18. 11464: 11460: 11453: 11445: 11444: 11436: 11428: 11424: 11417: 11415: 11399: 11393: 11389: 11388: 11380: 11373: 11372:Campbell 2007 11368: 11352: 11348: 11342: 11326: 11322: 11316: 11305:September 30, 11300: 11296: 11295: 11290: 11284: 11269: 11265: 11259: 11251: 11247: 11243: 11239: 11232: 11224: 11217: 11202: 11198: 11194: 11193: 11188: 11181: 11179: 11162: 11158: 11152: 11144: 11140: 11134: 11130: 11126: 11125: 11117: 11110: 11106: 11100: 11096: 11095: 11087: 11079: 11073: 11069: 11068: 11060: 11044: 11040: 11034: 11026: 11022: 11015: 11008: 11003: 10995: 10989: 10985: 10981: 10980: 10972: 10953: 10946: 10940: 10924: 10920: 10919: 10914: 10908: 10900: 10894: 10890: 10886: 10885: 10877: 10871:, p. ix. 10870: 10869:Campbell 2004 10865: 10857: 10851: 10847: 10846: 10838: 10830: 10824: 10820: 10816: 10812: 10806: 10798: 10794: 10790: 10784: 10776: 10770: 10766: 10765: 10757: 10755: 10746: 10742: 10738: 10734: 10730: 10729: 10724: 10718: 10716: 10707: 10695: 10694: 10686: 10670: 10669: 10664: 10657: 10649: 10643: 10639: 10635: 10634:Belknap Press 10631: 10624: 10608: 10604: 10600: 10594: 10575: 10568: 10560: 10548: 10540: 10534: 10530: 10526: 10522: 10518: 10511: 10503: 10499: 10495: 10489: 10487: 10478: 10474: 10467: 10459: 10453: 10449: 10445: 10444: 10436: 10421: 10417: 10413: 10412: 10407: 10400: 10392: 10388: 10384: 10378: 10362: 10358: 10357: 10352: 10346: 10339: 10335: 10331: 10324: 10308: 10304: 10298: 10290: 10289:The Telegraph 10286: 10279: 10271: 10265: 10257: 10251: 10247: 10243: 10236: 10234: 10232: 10225:, p. 74. 10224: 10219: 10204: 10198: 10194: 10190: 10189: 10181: 10166: 10160: 10156: 10152: 10151: 10143: 10135: 10134: 10129: 10123: 10107: 10103: 10097: 10082: 10078: 10071: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10047: 10043: 10039: 10035: 10034: 10026: 10018: 10014: 10010: 10006: 10002: 9998: 9994: 9990: 9989: 9981: 9974: 9962: 9958: 9952: 9936: 9930: 9923: 9922:Ellerman 1992 9918: 9903: 9899: 9894: 9888: 9880: 9873: 9865: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9847: 9843: 9842: 9837: 9830: 9819:September 29, 9815: 9814: 9809: 9803: 9795: 9789: 9785: 9781: 9780: 9772: 9757: 9753: 9752:"Tax Slavery" 9746: 9739: 9733: 9729: 9725: 9721: 9715: 9704:September 29, 9699: 9692: 9676: 9670: 9659: 9652: 9646: 9635:September 20, 9630: 9626: 9622: 9615: 9604:September 29, 9596: 9589: 9583: 9575: 9571: 9565: 9549: 9545: 9538: 9530: 9526: 9522: 9516: 9500: 9496: 9490: 9482: 9478: 9472: 9465: 9461: 9457: 9450: 9442: 9435: 9427: 9421: 9418:. p. 3. 9417: 9413: 9406: 9398: 9396:0-8135-2381-8 9392: 9388: 9381: 9365: 9361: 9355: 9339: 9335: 9329: 9322: 9317: 9315: 9306: 9291: 9290: 9285: 9279: 9277: 9267: 9265: 9263: 9246: 9242: 9236: 9229: 9225: 9219: 9215: 9211: 9207: 9201: 9193: 9191:9780674986909 9187: 9183: 9176: 9168: 9166:9780521872355 9162: 9158: 9151: 9144: 9139: 9135: 9128: 9121: 9117: 9113: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9097: 9096: 9088: 9080: 9078:9780670122776 9074: 9070: 9063: 9047: 9043: 9039: 9032: 9025: 9013: 9007: 9003: 8999: 8995: 8991: 8990: 8985: 8978: 8963: 8957: 8953: 8949: 8948: 8940: 8932: 8928: 8927: 8921: 8913: 8905: 8904: 8896: 8888: 8884: 8878: 8874: 8870: 8869: 8864: 8858: 8850: 8844: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8828: 8822: 8814: 8812:3-11-006800-1 8808: 8804: 8800: 8796: 8792: 8786: 8778: 8774: 8770: 8767:(in German). 8766: 8762: 8756: 8748: 8744: 8740: 8736: 8731: 8725: 8717: 8713: 8709: 8705: 8699: 8692: 8687: 8679: 8675: 8669: 8661: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8643: 8639: 8635: 8628: 8620: 8619: 8611: 8595: 8591: 8587: 8581: 8573: 8569: 8568: 8563: 8556: 8540: 8536: 8529: 8513: 8509: 8508: 8503: 8496: 8494: 8477: 8473: 8467: 8465: 8456: 8450: 8446: 8442: 8441: 8433: 8426: 8421: 8413: 8409: 8405: 8399: 8397: 8395: 8393: 8391: 8389: 8387: 8378: 8376:9781412926942 8372: 8368: 8364: 8360: 8353: 8345: 8339: 8335: 8331: 8330: 8322: 8318: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8253: 8250: 8249: 8238: 8236: 8234: 8233:United States 8222: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8190: 8189: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8147: 8146: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8137: 8133: 8131: 8130:United States 8119: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8100:Steve McQueen 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8087: 8086: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8076:United States 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8045: 8044: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8034:United States 8023: 8012: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7993: 7992: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7982: 7971: 7968: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7954: 7953: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7943: 7942:United States 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7911: 7910: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7878: 7873: 7870: 7867: 7866: 7862: 7860: 7849: 7846: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7832: 7831: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7821:United States 7810: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7780: 7779: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7769:United States 7758: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7741:Michael Apted 7739: 7736: 7734: 7733:Amazing Grace 7731: 7728: 7727: 7723: 7721: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7689: 7688: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7679:United States 7668: 7657: 7655: 7654:Russell Crowe 7652: 7650: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7636: 7635: 7632: 7631:Toni Morrison 7629: 7626: 7624: 7623:United States 7613: 7611: 7610:Oprah Winfrey 7608: 7606: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7592: 7591: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7581:United States 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7550: 7549: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7540: 7536: 7534: 7533:United States 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7510: 7505: 7502: 7499: 7498: 7495: 7494:Bruce Chatwin 7492: 7490: 7489: 7485: 7483: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7464:Werner Herzog 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7451: 7450: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7441: 7437: 7435: 7434:United States 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416:, Greene and 7415: 7411: 7408: 7405: 7400: 7397: 7394: 7393: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7384: 7380: 7378: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7356: 7351: 7348: 7345: 7344: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7335: 7331: 7329: 7328:United States 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7302: 7298: 7295: 7294: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7274: 7272: 7271:Marlon Brando 7269: 7267: 7264: 7261: 7258: 7254: 7251: 7248: 7247: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7238: 7234: 7232: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7202: 7201: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7160: 7159: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7149:United States 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7118: 7117: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7103:United States 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7072: 7071: 7067: 7064: 7061: 7058: 7055: 7052: 7049: 7046: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7035: 7033: 7032: 7027: 7023: 7019: 7018: 7013: 7011: 7007: 7003: 7001: 6995: 6993: 6988: 6986: 6985: 6980: 6976: 6975: 6970: 6969: 6964: 6963: 6954: 6953: 6947: 6942: 6932: 6930: 6926: 6921: 6919: 6915: 6914:legal process 6911: 6905: 6895: 6892: 6887: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6872: 6870: 6865: 6862: 6857: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6843: 6839: 6834: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6786: 6776: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6751: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6726: 6722: 6720: 6716: 6712: 6708: 6703: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6688: 6686: 6682: 6681:Joseph Sturge 6678: 6668: 6665: 6661: 6656: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6608: 6604: 6599: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6561: 6560:Jim Crow laws 6555: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6515: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6495: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6480:Maurya Empire 6477: 6469: 6464: 6455: 6449: 6445: 6292: 6289: 6288: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6275: 6272: 6271: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6238: 6237:Edward Barley 6234: 6232: 6230: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6218: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6189: 6184: 6182: 6181: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6168: 6166: 6165: 6160: 6158: 6157: 6152: 6150: 6149: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6110: 6107: 6106: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6056: 6053: 6042: 6037: 6035: 6030: 6028: 6023: 6022: 6019: 6013: 6007: 5997: 5995: 5994:manual labour 5991: 5986: 5983: 5982:force-feeding 5978: 5968: 5959: 5957: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5939: 5935: 5934:domestic work 5925: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5905: 5895: 5893: 5883: 5881: 5877: 5874:, or sold to 5873: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5851: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5763: 5753: 5751: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5735: 5730: 5726: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5702: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5678: 5674: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5656: 5652: 5651:bonded labour 5648: 5638: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5620:Child slavery 5617: 5613: 5603: 5601: 5597: 5592: 5589: 5583: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5563: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5537: 5532: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5517:Gustaf Dalman 5514: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5498: 5494: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5447: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5425: 5420: 5416: 5411: 5409: 5408:ancient Egypt 5405: 5401: 5397: 5386: 5378: 5377:Sahara Desert 5374: 5369: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5338: 5336: 5332: 5326: 5324: 5320: 5314: 5312: 5308: 5302: 5299: 5295: 5288: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5273: 5271: 5267: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5253: 5247: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5213: 5208: 5198: 5194: 5192: 5188: 5187: 5186:Untermenschen 5182: 5178: 5172: 5163: 5154: 5152: 5147: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5120: 5119:Crimean Tatar 5116: 5112: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5073: 5071: 5066: 5065: 5059: 5054: 5052: 5051:slave markets 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4986:Ottoman fleet 4983: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4958: 4953: 4949: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4937: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4903: 4902:Domesday Book 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4873: 4871: 4867: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4816: 4815: 4808: 4807: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4736: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4708: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4693:slave revolts 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4662: 4658: 4657: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4620: 4618: 4614: 4612: 4611:Māori society 4608: 4598: 4596: 4592: 4589:sultanate of 4588: 4583: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4559: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4458: 4457:comfort women 4453: 4449: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4324: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4295: 4290: 4286: 4285: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4267: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4245: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4227:Shang dynasty 4222: 4214: 4210: 4205: 4195: 4185: 4183: 4179: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4153:again in 2016 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4109: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4094:1860 election 4091: 4076: 4075: 4069: 4065: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4042: 4040: 4036: 4035: 4030: 4026: 4021: 4019: 4015: 4013: 4007: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3988: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3947: 3943: 3938: 3932:United States 3929: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3914: 3910: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3879: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3864:typhoid fever 3861: 3857: 3853: 3848: 3847: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3818: 3814: 3807: 3802: 3798: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3759: 3755: 3752: 3747: 3745: 3739: 3736: 3729: 3727: 3723: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3702: 3698: 3693: 3684: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3660: 3654: 3649: 3643: 3636: 3631: 3627: 3624: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3595: 3591: 3584: 3579: 3570: 3568: 3563: 3557: 3553: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3534:Hernán Cortés 3525: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3506: 3504: 3500: 3494: 3492: 3491:Francis Drake 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3399: 3389: 3378: 3369: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3342:First Nations 3339: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3270: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3239: 3235: 3233: 3232:trans-Saharan 3229: 3225: 3221: 3214: 3211: 3210: 3203: 3195: 3191: 3186: 3182: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3166:ancient world 3162: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3139: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3117: 3110: 3105: 3102: 3098: 3090: 3085: 3081: 3079: 3074: 3072: 3071:Muslim empire 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3049:in Iraq. The 3048: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3033: 3029: 3028: 3022: 3020: 3015: 3009: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2982:Bantu peoples 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2950:Mediterranean 2947: 2943: 2942:Sahara desert 2939: 2935: 2927: 2922: 2918: 2916: 2915:Duke of Milan 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2897:. In 1402 an 2896: 2892: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2859: 2849: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2810: 2805: 2799: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2761: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2731:repartimiento 2728: 2724: 2719: 2718: 2712: 2707: 2701: 2700: 2686:Legal aspects 2683: 2681: 2666: 2659: 2655: 2654:David Roberts 2650: 2642: 2633: 2631: 2622: 2618: 2616: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2601:Auguste Comte 2597: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2574: 2573:assembly line 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2545: 2541: 2526: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2488:animal rights 2484: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2448: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2432: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2406: 2402: 2396: 2395:Child slavery 2386: 2384: 2380: 2375: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2354: 2348: 2347:Unfree labour 2341:Forced labour 2334: 2330: 2328: 2324: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2299:Chukri system 2296: 2289: 2288:Chukri system 2285: 2279: 2272:Bonded labour 2269: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2153: 2148: 2141: 2136: 2129: 2125: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2105: 2100: 2096: 2086: 2083: 2077: 2065: 2059: 2047: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2029: 2012: 2000: 1988: 1985: 1973: 1963: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1901:forced labour 1897: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1876: 1875:forced labour 1872: 1871:unfree labour 1868: 1864: 1860: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1840:human history 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1778: 1773: 1771: 1766: 1764: 1759: 1758: 1756: 1755: 1748: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1720: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1678:Slave catcher 1676: 1674: 1671: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1607:Forced labour 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1588: 1587: 1578: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1452:Abolitionists 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1396: 1391: 1390: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1344: 1339: 1338: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 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34533:Human rights 34260:Origin myths 34206:Intelligence 34186:Idios kosmos 33921:Explanations 33892:Epistemology 33817:Social proof 33812:Social group 33770:Scapegoating 33651:Group action 33646:Folie à deux 33636:Entitativity 33513:Social class 33456:Institutions 33402: 33348:Anthropology 33213:Missionaries 33139:Echo chamber 33094:Brainwashing 33049:Stereotyping 32957:Cryptomnesia 32947:Confirmation 32873:Value system 32793:Mental model 32537:Soviet Union 32380:Work release 32341:Prison Radio 32317: 32088:Overcrowding 31771:House arrest 31725:Penal colony 31618: 31425: 31172:Saint Helena 31108:in Karnataka 31025:Saudi Arabia 30593:Brass Ankles 30234:Cape Verdean 30084:Soviet Union 30059:Ancient Rome 29916:Homelessness 29841:Upper Middle 29713: / 29710: 29694: / 29685: / 29650:Working poor 29546: 29533:Robber baron 29356:Intellectual 29346:Royal family 29310:Ancient Rome 29164:second-class 29082: 29025: 29024: / 29019: 29015:High society 28922:Elite theory 28899: 28892: 28885: 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President 6819:Luc Gnacadja 6812: 6808: 6803: 6782: 6767: 6752: 6732:Pope Francis 6728: 6724: 6709:adopted the 6704: 6689: 6674: 6657: 6611: 6600: 6596: 6556: 6516: 6501: 6473: 6458:In antiquity 6453: 6254:Frere Treaty 6236: 6228: 6216: 6207: 6199: 6187: 6179: 6171: 6164:El Almirante 6163: 6155: 6147: 6059:Abolitionism 6006:Abolitionism 6000:Abolitionism 5987: 5974: 5965: 5931: 5907: 5889: 5857: 5765: 5750:forced labor 5738: 5731: 5727: 5708: 5705:Distribution 5683:Slavoj Žižek 5681: 5670: 5655:debt bondage 5643: 5593: 5584: 5564: 5541: 5501: 5490: 5485:Ottoman wars 5453:treaty, the 5444: 5422: 5412: 5382: 5335:Solzhenitsyn 5330: 5328: 5322: 5318: 5316: 5310: 5306: 5304: 5297: 5293: 5290: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5274: 5263: 5257: 5232: 5221:Soviet Union 5218: 5195: 5184: 5174: 5157:World War II 5148: 5124: 5074: 5055: 5017: 4962: 4934: 4900: 4874: 4828:Muslim world 4822:Europe: the 4806:Dum Diversas 4775: 4768:pleads with 4728:Roman Empire 4712:Ancient Rome 4709: 4666: 4650: 4617:Blackbirding 4615: 4606: 4604: 4595:North Borneo 4579: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4517:Vedic period 4511: 4497: 4486: 4461: 4443:King Jeongjo 4439:emancipation 4435:King Yeongjo 4428:period, the 4378: 4341:booi niyalma 4331: 4328:Qing dynasty 4325: 4317:Yuan dynasty 4309:China proper 4298: 4283: 4268: 4264:human rights 4252: 4242: 4224: 4209:Tang dynasty 4188:Asia-Pacific 4110: 4087: 4072: 4043: 4032: 4022: 4016: 4008: 3989: 3951: 3922:slave revolt 3915: 3911: 3880: 3841: 3822: 3806:slave revolt 3765: 3756: 3748: 3740: 3730: 3720: 3710: 3670:, Paramaka, 3664:ethnogenesis 3644: 3640: 3637:. 1840–1850. 3599: 3558: 3554: 3538:modern slave 3531: 3509: 3507: 3495: 3433: 3428: 3420: 3409: 3336: 3306: 3240: 3237: 3216: 3199: 3163: 3154: 3135: 3130:Ruvuma River 3126:Arab-Swahili 3112: 3107: 3094: 3075: 3038: 3036: 3025: 3023: 3010: 2970:Indian Ocean 2946:North Africa 2931: 2888: 2870:, including 2861: 2815: 2767: 2764:Legal rights 2754:Ubangi-Shari 2743: 2739:totalitarian 2694: 2677: 2657: 2627: 2612: 2593: 2588:Mercedarians 2577: 2549: 2537: 2507:wage slavery 2496: 2491: 2485: 2481:Drapetomania 2473: 2465:libertarians 2456: 2454: 2438: 2408: 2401:Child labour 2379:prostitution 2376: 2368:penal labour 2364:conscription 2356: 2322: 2320: 2311:prostitution 2303:debt bondage 2291: 2278:Debt bondage 2259: 2200:. After the 2195: 2183:abolitionist 2180: 2168:Roman Empire 2159: 2157: 2142:, U.S., 1860 2127: 2112: 2108: 2102: 2098: 2092: 2032: 1989: 1951:through the 1940: 1938: 1923:, people in 1917:debt bondage 1894: 1866: 1858: 1856: 1844:civilization 1816: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1787: 1786: 1683:Slave patrol 1520:Freedom suit 1496:Sierra Leone 1486:Colonization 1402:Abolitionism 1382:Baháʼí Faith 1355:Christianity 1305:Saudi Arabia 1161:Penal Labour 1126:Blackbirding 1032:Debt bondage 1020:penal system 846:Contemporary 836:Field slaves 824:U.S. Natives 783:South Africa 654:Galley slave 627:Slave market 617:House slaves 590:Blackbirding 568:Conscription 492:21st century 455:Umm al-walad 299:Muslim world 268:Emancipation 172:Wage slavery 152:Penal labour 130:Wife selling 120:Bride buying 105:Conscription 95:Child Labour 88:Contemporary 69: 50: 35506:Sentientism 35487:Rationalism 35434:Peripatetic 35414:Natural law 35385:Materialism 35313:Historicism 35303:Hegelianism 35253:Determinism 35130:Agnosticism 35002:Sentientism 34972:Nationalism 34922:Imperialism 34852:Communalism 34847:Colonialism 34801:Weltschmerz 34781:Misanthropy 34681:Stewardship 34609:Obligations 34513:Culpability 34504:Golden Rule 34398:Common good 34316:Supernature 34272:Otherworlds 34231:comparative 34201:Information 34196:Incarnation 34133:Eschatology 34067:Anima mundi 34049:Metaphysics 33968:Observation 33963:Methodology 33745:Moral panic 33725:Mass action 33621:Doublethink 33564:Collectives 33486:Pilgrimages 33375:Coronations 33280:Revolutions 33248:Proselytism 33181:negationism 33067:maintenance 32915:Attentional 32774:Life stance 32742:Epic poetry 32732:Conventions 32509:North Korea 32502:New Zealand 32095:Pay-to-stay 31522:Criminology 31431:Reparations 31396:Black power 31144:New Zealand 30975:Middle East 30928:Switzerland 30888:Netherlands 30603:Dominickers 30478:Nova Scotia 30396:El Salvador 30327:Saint Lucia 30317:Puerto Rico 30003:New Zealand 29720:Untouchable 29645:Proletariat 29635:Pea-pickers 29585:Bourgeoisie 29273:Aristocracy 29159:naturalized 29154:native-born 28648:Historical: 28372:Resignation 28312:Termination 28295:Slow living 28263:Truck wages 28248:Labour camp 28176:Willingness 28068:Infractions 27723:Living wage 27666:Remote work 27334:Gold-collar 27289:Pink-collar 27284:Grey-collar 27274:Blue-collar 27241:Labour hire 27216:Cooperative 27180:Recruitment 27135:Job hunting 27068:Application 27050:Wage labour 27035:Labour hire 26988:Job sharing 26897:LGBT rights 26630:Nationality 26620:LGBT rights 26349:Anti-racism 26090:Middle East 25984:South Korea 25979:North Korea 25894:Hate speech 25816:Substantive 25796:Neocolonial 25361:Nonviolence 25356:LGBT rights 25321:Empowerment 25289:Anti-racism 25211:Segregation 25156:No kid zone 24956:Persecution 24869:Hate speech 24820:Gay bashing 24795:Ethnic joke 24750:Dog whistle 24695:Blood libel 24383:Azerbaijani 24287:Neopaganism 24280:Persecution 24241:Persecution 24224:Persecution 24187:Catholicism 24122:Transphobia 24105:Supremacism 24060:Lesbophobia 23980:Aporophobia 23945:Anti-autism 23796:Taste-based 23791:Statistical 23725:Truck wages 23700:Labour camp 23236: 1861 23229: 1853 22933:Moses Roper 22917:John Parker 22903:(1790–1880) 22881:Boston King 22872:(1799–1874) 22701:Polly Berry 22644:Mary Prince 22558:(1783–1845) 22552:(1684-1777) 22534:(1698–1733) 22517:(1684–1736) 22500:(1644–1744) 22494:(1660–1736) 22488:(1632–1702) 22482:(1598–1682) 22474: 1735 22457:(1708–1754) 22449:Mende Nazer 22439:(1735–1785) 22427:(1564–1639) 22421:(1767–1843) 22415:(1747–1815) 22409:(1620–1702) 22401:Francis Bok 22397:(1714-1761) 22395:Marcus Berg 22391:(c. 1790–?) 22371:Individuals 20932:. Madison: 20496:February 2, 19196:|work= 19049:Google News 19013:February 6, 18903:February 6, 18877:February 6, 18847:February 6, 18619:. Pdavis.nl 18543:. Pimlico. 18463:: 501–510. 18424:: 110–122. 18333:February 6, 18150:Donated by 18111:. State.gov 18090:February 6, 17712:|work= 17603:February 6, 17398:Boing Boing 17298:January 20, 17188:February 7, 17160:January 16, 17133:February 7, 17107:February 7, 16870:October 17, 16618:(1): 1–31. 16143:February 1, 16110:February 6, 16088:February 6, 16034:. OUP USA. 15609:(1): 1–31. 15548:February 7, 15491:November 2, 15468:November 2, 15444:February 6, 15440:. July 2006 15343:CUP Archive 14976:: 341–342. 14508:Love (1913) 14500:Vink (1998) 14463:The Tribune 14358:February 2, 14295:February 2, 14257:February 2, 13974:February 2, 13936:February 2, 13880:February 2, 13746:February 2, 13669:Japan Probe 13216:. Seattle: 12372:February 7, 12294:February 7, 12039:November 4, 12022:, p. 7 11977:(1): 1–26. 11593:February 6, 11559:February 6, 11489:February 7, 11357:February 6, 11331:February 6, 11167:October 10, 10675:February 7, 10555:|work= 10223:Forbes 1998 9967:February 6, 9720:Kopel, Dave 9554:January 15, 9499:ipsnews.net 9245:FSE Project 8545:January 21, 8518:October 16, 8208:Nate Parker 8203:Nate Parker 8185:Misan Sagay 8160:Amma Asante 8003:Documentary 7988:Yuri Arabov 7875:(TV series) 7859:South Korea 7720:Puerto Rico 7694:El Cimarrón 7520:Halle Berry 7507:(TV series) 7456:Cobra Verde 7402:(TV series) 7357:Telenovela 7353:(TV series) 7053:Film genre 6965:(1915) and 6949:Poster for 6898:Reparations 6880:U.S. Senate 6823:Slave Coast 6787:passed the 6715:human right 6641:John Newton 6488:Qin dynasty 6448:Exeter Hall 6229:Mary Carver 6148:Providentia 5975:Victims of 5971:Trafficking 5898:North Korea 5858:During the 5772:sweat shops 5509:Circassians 5433:Circassians 5341:Middle East 5175:During the 4799:issued the 4787:(922), the 4703:was led by 4671:begin with 4667:Records of 4652:Ishmaelites 4448:Gabo Reform 4358:Han Chinese 4315:during the 4313:Han Chinese 4301:Han Chinese 4260:same period 4254:Book of Han 4231:Han dynasty 4082: 1790 4050:territories 4025:Upper South 3876:infanticide 3868:birth rates 3866:. They had 3653:Nèg'Marrons 3623:slave codes 3416:a civil war 3316:Amerindians 3287:Mita (Inca) 3159:Livingstone 3067:East Africa 3014:plantations 2938:West Africa 2932:During the 2836:during the 2834:agriculture 2711:North Korea 2673: 1853 2609:Middle Ages 2568:gang system 2519:wage labour 2152:New Orleans 2089:Terminology 1800:Enslavement 1698:court cases 1575: [ 1525:Slave Power 1513:Manumission 1360:Catholicism 1235:Afghanistan 976:Puerto Rico 888:The Bahamas 866:Slave codes 669:Shanghaiing 659:Impressment 551:Slave Coast 431:Qajar harem 391:Concubinage 364:slave trade 35600:Employment 35584:Categories 35473:Pyrrhonism 35463:Pragmatism 35458:Positivism 35361:Kantianism 35268:Empiricism 35186:philosophy 35183:Schools of 35126:Irreligion 35122:Secularity 35055:Cheondoism 34987:Radicalism 34967:Monarchism 34962:Militarism 34947:Liberalism 34892:Fanaticism 34832:Capitalism 34814:ideologies 34812:political 34740:Wrongdoing 34644:Repentance 34634:Punishment 34629:Principles 34624:Praxeology 34413:Creativity 34403:Conscience 34364:Almsgiving 34277:axes mundi 34161:Nonfiction 34138:Everything 34000:Revelation 33988:fallacious 33978:Perception 33914:scientific 33837:Status quo 33676:Groupshift 33591:Conformity 33546:Groupthink 33461:Liminality 33395:Employment 33370:Ceremonies 33238:Propaganda 33223:Persuasion 33099:Censorship 33065:Change and 33044:Status quo 32952:Congruence 32423:By country 32060:Informants 31975:Literature 31914:Helicopter 31873:Sally port 31838:Commissary 31816:Components 31709:Chain gang 31695:Labor camp 31681:Internment 31646:Black site 31543:Punishment 31364:Coromantee 30779:Paramaccan 30693:Quilombola 30633:Melungeons 30391:Costa Rica 30300:Coromantee 29993:Luxembourg 29883:Inequality 29548:Superclass 29339:Hereditary 29315:Post-Roman 29306:Patrician 29176:adolescent 29000:Classicide 28582:Wage curve 28389:Retirement 28302:Workaholic 28280:Work ethic 28147:Wage theft 28132:Labour law 28127:Evaluation 28112:Dress code 27877:Sick leave 27842:Child care 27804:Salary cap 27718:Income tax 27681:Shift work 27613:Time clock 27608:Sick leave 27603:Sabbatical 27568:Break room 27556:Attendance 27525:Profession 27510:Mentorship 27488:Retraining 27413:E-learning 27309:New-collar 27304:Red-collar 27251:Supervisor 27231:Internship 27150:Onboarding 27018:Technician 27013:Journeyman 26983:Gig worker 26949:Employment 26635:Personhood 26228:Vietnamese 26001:Arab world 25899:Hate group 25889:Hate crime 25826:Xenophobia 25806:Scientific 25791:Linguistic 25635:Stereotype 25630:Speciesism 25511:Oppression 25506:Oikophobia 25402:Allophilia 25386:Toleration 25243:Sodomy law 25136:Internment 25056:Witch-hunt 24934:Blackhawks 24864:Hate group 24852:Hate crime 24825:Gendercide 24815:Freak show 24805:Excellence 24765:Employment 24735:Defamation 24667:Vietnamese 24662:Venezuelan 24552:Lithuanian 24214:Falun Gong 24149:Xenophobia 24144:Vegaphobia 24127:Non-binary 24085:Pedophobia 24050:Homophobia 23872:Skin color 23832:Disability 23805:Attributes 23786:Structural 23690:Encomienda 23414:Copper Sun 23363:Unburnable 23299:Dessa Rose 23026:Osifekunde 22958:Venerable 22901:James Mars 22814:Lear Green 22798:Monticello 22758:Noah Davis 22727:John Brown 22706:Henry Bibb 22649:Venerable 22455:Hark Olufs 22263:(in Dutch) 22163:Historical 21843:2008009151 21603:Mintz, S. 21574:(1): 117. 20705:. Oxford: 20681:2008009151 20413:January 9, 20182:. London: 19372:Davis 2002 19360:Davis 2002 19322:(4): 181. 18988:January 7, 18962:January 7, 18954:. London. 18929:August 29, 18816:August 29, 18710:October 5, 18623:August 29, 18393:August 16, 18182:August 28, 18137:. London: 18115:August 29, 18060:August 29, 17999:August 18, 17859:Greenpeace 17575:January 3, 17545:August 29, 17493:August 29, 17468:January 8, 16885:Bales 1999 16690:August 29, 16586:August 29, 16564:August 29, 16541:Lewis 1992 16379:(3–4): 2. 15661:August 29, 15574:August 29, 15117:August 29, 15095:August 29, 14828:August 29, 14802:August 11, 14764:August 29, 14718:(1): 916. 14524:Itinerario 13863:. p. 13679:January 7, 13542:SUNY Press 13472:SUNY Press 13178:, London: 13116:Lee (1997) 13095:Tōyō Bunko 12822:August 29, 12747:August 28, 12177:August 23, 12119:, p. 10961:August 29, 10583:August 11, 10313:August 12, 9761:October 9, 9681:August 29, 9364:Al Jazeera 9321:Bales 2004 9251:August 31, 8803:De Gruyter 8691:Lewis 1992 8482:August 29, 8425:Bales 2004 8332:. Oxford: 8313:References 8063:Jamie Foxx 7545:Alex Haley 7515:John Erman 7446:Alex Haley 7315:Ken Norton 7243:Anne Golon 6979:John Brown 6842:Tony Blair 6740:Chân Không 6450:in London. 6208:La Amistad 6172:Marinerito 6156:Presidente 5967:annually. 5902:See also: 5892:Mauritania 5886:Mauritania 5882:in Libya. 5880:child rape 5872:sex slaves 5832:North Face 5760:See also: 5695:sweatshops 5687:capitalism 5610:See also: 5415:Arab World 5345:See also: 5191:Aryan race 5127:Kievan Rus 5027:Al-Andalus 4801:papal bull 4689:sex slaves 4685:gladiators 4529:Coromandel 4508:South Asia 4469:concubines 4388:East Asian 4269:After the 4219:See also: 4192:See also: 4178:California 4048:. The new 3895:mixed-race 3881:As in its 3829:Hispaniola 3787:to protect 3779:advisement 3674:or Aukan, 3618:sugar cane 3567:work hours 3518:John Casor 3499:John Punch 3452:Hispaniola 3412:revolution 3398:slave ship 3283:Encomienda 3261:, and the 3247:Oyo Empire 2994:Mozambique 2976:), to the 2974:Madagascar 2864:Senegambia 2856:See also: 2802:See also: 2746:encomienda 2596:Adam Smith 2544:landowners 2515:dysphemism 2511:pejorative 2499:socialists 2429:See also: 2399:See also: 2351:See also: 2317:Dependents 2282:See also: 2262:Mauritania 2028:Late Latin 2023:εσκλαβήνος 2011:Ésklabēnoí 2005:Έσκλαβηνοί 1984:ésklabḗnos 1978:εσκλαβήνος 1953:Old French 1905:sweatshops 1896:Mauritania 1713:J.Q. Adams 1703:Washington 1673:Slave name 1622:convention 1597:Common law 970:Encomienda 766:Seychelles 751:Mauritania 674:Slave ship 541:Panyarring 536:New France 185:Historical 35521:Spinozism 35453:Pluralism 35444:Platonism 35395:Modernism 35380:Logicians 35248:Cyrenaics 35209:Averroism 35149:Spiritism 35117:Rastafari 35032:Religions 35012:Socialism 34992:Reformism 34957:Masculism 34912:Globalism 34887:Extremism 34857:Communism 34822:Anarchism 34796:Reclusion 34791:Pessimism 34773:Attitudes 34696:Suffering 34659:Sexuality 34649:Reverence 34639:Qualities 34558:religious 34538:Judgement 34518:Happiness 34482:Étiquette 34472:Eroticism 34460:Aesthetic 34443:religious 34438:emotional 34428:Economics 34359:Aesthetic 34321:Teleology 34265:political 34226:Mythology 34191:Illusions 34166:Free will 34152:Existence 34147:Evolution 34121:existence 34104:religious 34099:Cosmology 34094:Cosmogony 34072:Causality 34062:Afterlife 34010:Tradition 34005:Testimony 33983:Reasoning 33943:Intuition 33909:anecdotal 33867:Knowledge 33842:Stigmergy 33827:Sociology 33626:Emergence 33365:Calendars 33161:Euphemism 33149:religious 33144:Education 32977:Homophily 32930:Cognitive 32779:Lifestyle 32677:Worldview 32432:Australia 32164:Sexuality 32053:Education 32012:Tattooing 31806:Death row 31702:Battalion 31561:Prisoners 31185:Secondary 31149:Sri Lanka 31127:Mardijker 31117:Indonesia 31088:Hong Kong 31083:Guangzhou 31073:Australia 31020:Palestine 30948:Liverpool 30943:Cambridge 30796:Venezuela 30668:Argentina 30423:Nicaragua 30401:Guatemala 30181:Caribbean 30159:Geography 30018:Sri Lanka 29911:Education 29878:Household 29771:Affluence 29706:Rat tribe 29668:Ant tribe 29640:Precariat 29625:Lazzaroni 29567:Bohemians 29528:Overclass 29523:Old money 29459:Spartiate 29434:Kshatriya 29424:Hashashin 29381:Professor 29322:Political 29295:Oligarchy 29285:Hanseaten 29203:Stateless 29183:Convicted 29115:By status 29078:Subaltern 29010:Euthenics 28942:New class 28769:Workhouse 28689:Busy work 28503:Recession 28367:Pink slip 28325:Dismissal 28188:Careerism 27782:Singapore 27760:Hong Kong 27623:Schedules 27542:Tradesman 27443:Licensure 27403:Education 27373:Avocation 27314:No-collar 27294:Precariat 27175:Probation 27130:Job fraud 26615:Legal aid 26409:Race card 26344:Alt-right 26144:Argentina 26105:Palestine 26023:Australia 25849:Apartheid 25837:of racism 25608:Christian 25536:Prejudice 25484:Masculism 25432:Diversity 25226:religious 25201:Redlining 24800:Ethnocide 24760:Education 24652:Ukrainian 24587:Pakistani 24577:Mongolian 24498:Australia 24480:Hungarian 24435:Colombian 24415:Bulgarian 24297:Rastafari 24246:Ahmadiyya 24159:Religious 24137:Trans men 24095:Pregnancy 24030:Gayphobia 24025:Fatphobia 23930:Acephobia 23925:Arophobia 23909:Viewpoint 23139:(1936–38) 22625:Caribbean 22451:(b. 1982) 22403:(b. 1979) 21851:750831024 21679:Routledge 21588:0003-0678 21360:195243866 21308:162624457 21200:144866813 21163:220850066 20899:Lal, K.S. 20699:(1988) . 20689:750831024 20581:304436379 20529:1385-3783 20464:ignored ( 20454:cite book 20446:0072-9396 20362:(2007a). 20136:205804782 19897:148284255 19666:(1968) . 19336:0148-6179 19198:ignored ( 19188:cite book 19142:The Voice 18524:141017958 18328:0362-4331 17906:AllAfrica 17714:ignored ( 17704:cite book 16956:0362-4331 16840:March 14, 16393:165354205 16308:ignored ( 16298:cite book 16078:"Träldom" 15320:0013-0117 14740:179216974 14732:2304-4934 14442:155047611 14343:Routledge 14280:Routledge 13921:Routledge 13700:Routledge 13180:Routledge 13170:(2013) , 13103:0082-562X 12928:145709968 12920:0018-098X 12342:March 16, 12222:Ali, Arif 11999:154682898 11842:August 8, 11772:162278526 11528:0362-4331 11273:March 12, 11223:Routledge 11201:0261-3077 11070:. BRILL. 11049:March 23, 10889:Routledge 10819:Routledge 10745:1468-2621 10613:March 19, 10557:ignored ( 10547:cite book 10498:"Slavery" 10420:0362-4331 10062:154921369 10017:154616683 9848:: 77–78. 9305:help page 9182:Patterson 9102:(1): 51. 8660:0020-7438 8615:"slave". 8359:"Slavery" 7959:The Horde 7789:Thriller 7641:Gladiator 7165:Cervantes 7123:Spartacus 7056:Director 7010:Spartacus 7000:Spartacus 6952:Spartacus 6910:civil law 6869:Liverpool 6854:Jamestown 6779:Apologies 6671:Worldwide 6492:Wang Mang 6468:Wang Mang 6188:Brillante 5962:Economics 5951:Sri Lanka 5404:Egyptians 5317:The word 5246:romanized 5151:thralldom 5111:in 1783. 5097:Circassia 5093:Wallachia 4877:Æthelstan 4863:Radhanite 4732:provinces 4705:Spartacus 4654:purchase 4582:Indochina 4494:Hideyoshi 4471:to Asian 4398:. In the 4362:Altishahr 4294:Yu Xuanji 4289:livestock 4249:Wang Mang 4239:territory 4199:East Asia 4173:GEO Group 4169:CoreCivic 4106:Civil War 3992:Jefferson 3856:Louis XIV 3846:Code Noir 3827:of 1697, 3735:bandeiras 3532:In 1519, 3503:Hugh Gwyn 3460:Dominican 3436:New World 3324:Tupinambá 3200:When the 3008:islands. 2899:Ethiopian 2556:sugarcane 2552:monocrops 2534:Economics 2455:The word 2419:restaveks 2409:In 2007, 2321:The word 1999:Sklábinoi 1993:Σκλάβινοι 1939:The word 1935:Etymology 1889:Louisiana 1792:ownership 1708:Jefferson 1365:Mormonism 1300:Palestine 1114:Australia 1044:Indonesia 935:Lei Áurea 918:Code Noir 898:Caribbean 871:Treatment 610:Treatment 583:Devshirme 445:Odalisque 263:In Russia 204:Babylonia 192:Antiquity 35526:Stoicism 35429:Nihilism 35375:Legalism 35370:Kokugaku 35336:Idealism 35327:Humanism 35298:Hedonism 35288:Fatalism 35263:Eleatics 35243:Cynicism 35159:Tenrikyo 35082:Hinduism 35050:Caodaism 35045:Buddhism 35022:Veganism 34977:Pacifism 34942:Islamism 34902:Feminism 34786:Optimism 34762:Examples 34711:Theodicy 34701:Sympathy 34597:Morality 34455:Emotions 34450:Elegance 34378:Autonomy 34373:Altruism 34326:Theology 34255:Ontology 34221:Miracles 34077:Concepts 34057:Ætiology 34032:criteria 34015:folklore 33904:Evidence 33720:Mob rule 33711:Lynching 33471:Marriage 33449:cultural 33427:Holidays 33413:Funerals 33408:Families 33390:Doctrine 33353:cultural 33285:Rhetoric 33104:Charisma 33079:Argument 33074:Activism 32962:Cultural 32910:Academic 32843:Schemata 32813:Paradigm 32788:Memeplex 32769:Ideology 32759:factoids 32593:Scotland 32228:(Brazil) 32192:Violence 32141:Religion 31982:American 31831:Cemetery 31799:Supermax 31718:Military 31660:Debtors' 31584:Detainee 31577:Criminal 31529:Penology 31455:Category 31305:Asia and 31274:Haitians 31229:Nigeria 31219:Liberia 31189:diaspora 31165:Atlantic 31139:Malaysia 31040:Africans 30958:Scotland 30903:Portugal 30824:Abkhazia 30784:Saramaka 30759:Suriname 30749:Paraguay 30737:Saramaka 30705:Colombia 30683:Kalungas 30613:Garifuna 30549:Freedmen 30500:Mascogos 30433:Cimarrón 30406:Honduras 30384:Garifuna 30354:Merikins 30337:Garifuna 30251:Dominica 30209:Barbados 30189:Anguilla 30167:Americas 30110:Category 30042:Historic 29963:Colombia 29953:Cambodia 29888:Personal 29786:Mobility 29715:Freedman 29701:Plebeian 29687:Prisoner 29673:Commoner 29559:Creative 29540:Seigneur 29506:Nobility 29464:Vanniyar 29449:Pendekar 29409:Cossacks 29043:Snobbery 28915:Theories 28677:See also 28603:Workfare 28428:Turnover 27824:Benefits 27705:salaries 27661:Overtime 27651:Flextime 27583:Gap year 27578:Furlough 27547:Vocation 27530:Operator 27393:Coaching 27348:training 27226:Employer 27221:Employee 27125:Job fair 27003:Side job 26877:Abortion 26715:Suffrage 26464:Category 26379:Lynching 26354:Casteism 26199:Japanese 26058:Portugal 25989:Thailand 25957:Zimbabwe 25821:Symbolic 25811:Societal 25801:Romantic 25766:Gendered 25746:Cultural 25736:Colorism 25731:Aversive 25665:Category 25647:The talk 25583:Snobbery 25501:Net bias 25331:Feminism 25258:Ugly law 25099:Catholic 25067:policies 24914:Mortgage 24909:Lynching 24840:examples 24835:Genocide 24755:Economic 24740:Democide 24700:Bullying 24617:Romanian 24582:Nigerian 24525:Japanese 24460:Georgian 24445:Filipino 24378:Assyrian 24351:Armenian 24341:American 24336:Albanian 24318:National 24302:Yazidism 24219:Hinduism 24177:Buddhism 24080:Nepotism 24075:Misogyny 24070:Misandry 23995:Clannism 23990:Biphobia 23935:Adultism 23852:Language 23435:" (1848) 23181:Oroonoko 22865:John Jea 22469:(1663 – 22463:(1705–?) 22445:(1704–?) 22134:(2010). 21713:(2007). 21699:(1918). 21623:(1975). 21545:(2011). 21521:(1999). 21377:(2016). 21192:29770104 21085:(1994). 21057:(2007). 21029:(2016). 20901:(1994). 20727:(1999). 20616:(2014). 20577:ProQuest 20390:(2004). 20370:ABC-CLIO 20342:ABC-CLIO 20334:(1997). 20192:1773373W 20153:(1992). 20128:18340600 20019:(1978). 19934:(1992). 19852:(2002). 19832:ABC-CLIO 19792:(1978). 19619:61363605 19601:ABC-CLIO 19568:(1999). 19546:(1996). 19512:(2003). 19124:July 29, 19043:July 22, 18983:BBC News 18956:Archived 18923:BBC News 18897:BBC News 18791:15580435 18756:July 13, 18752:. UNESCO 18735:HuffPost 18477:24448702 18438:42843569 18133:(1841). 18030:July 24, 17995:. Du.edu 17772:Archived 17740:Archived 17688:Archived 17660:Archived 17630:Archived 17539:BBC News 17488:BBC News 17462:BBC News 17418:BBC News 17267:July 21, 17241:June 20, 17216:July 21, 17154:Archived 17128:BBC News 17074:NBC News 17029:July 11, 17023:Archived 17005:(2018). 16604:(2007). 16526:April 9, 16474:March 6, 15999:(2013). 15940:(2007). 15595:(2007). 15178:ABC-CLIO 15006:(2006). 14822:BBC News 14434:25188289 14202:25066328 14155:39655102 13649:March 2, 13452:allowed. 12900:Hesperia 12883:March 6, 12390:(2016). 12224:(1997). 12084:(1954). 11696:ABC-CLIO 11351:BBC News 11325:BBC News 10361:Archived 10307:Eurozine 10130:(1857). 9941:March 4, 9907:March 4, 9864:12835252 9658:Archived 9574:BBC News 9548:Archived 9344:July 27, 9289:BBC News 9208:(2016). 9116:00438243 9017:June 27, 8931:Archived 8831:"Sklave" 8829:(1995). 8793:(1989). 8777:40266114 8706:(1899). 8600:June 16, 8286:Mukataba 8245:See also 8054:Western 7334:Mandingo 7301:Mandingo 7253:Queimada 7062:Country 6721:states: 6696:Zanzibar 6498:Americas 6474:Emperor 6239:Incident 6217:Emanuela 6210:Incident 5943:Eswatini 5876:brothels 5784:Xinjiang 5525:Damascus 5473:and the 5457:and the 5446:Saqaliba 5431:(mainly 5429:Caucasus 5421:(mainly 5089:Moldavia 5023:Portugal 4977:devşirme 4967:and the 4929:and the 4843:Caucasus 4826:and the 4607:he mōkai 4605:Slaves ( 4498:en masse 4332:Booi Aha 4321:Negritos 4141:Arkansas 4092:won the 4046:Congress 3946:Staunton 3860:smallpox 3668:Saramaka 3610:Scottish 3471:Camagüey 3332:Comanche 3314:. Other 3273:Americas 2998:Tanzania 2717:Kippumjo 2680:branding 2554:such as 2255:in Yemen 2243:in Qatar 2212:and the 2160:chattels 2046:scylāvus 1848:outlawed 1796:property 1740:Iron bit 1730:40 acres 1693:breeding 1508:Freedman 1343:Religion 1203:Portugal 1088:Thailand 1078:Maldives 1073:Malaysia 1066:Kwalliso 1010:Booi Aha 962:Restavek 942:Colombia 913:Trinidad 903:Barbados 793:Zanzibar 741:Ethiopia 622:Saqaliba 516:Database 467:Saqaliba 228:Ancillae 58:a series 56:Part of 35590:Slavery 35555:Yangism 35540:Thomism 35516:Sophism 35258:Dualism 35219:Cārvāka 35204:Atomism 35144:Sikhism 35134:Atheism 35102:Judaism 35097:Jainism 35087:Hòa Hảo 34897:Fascism 34726:Virtues 34565:Liberty 34543:Justice 34523:Harmony 34433:Ecstasy 34418:Disgust 34408:Consent 34368:Charity 34301:Reality 34284:Physics 34176:History 34157:Fiction 34142:Nothing 34128:Destiny 34116:Deities 33931:fideism 33897:outline 33740:Mobbing 33536:Worship 33526:Symbols 33508:Rituals 33501:secular 33466:Liturgy 33432:Hygiene 33403:Slavery 33399:Serfdom 33340:Culture 32891:Aspects 32803:Mindset 32764:Framing 32722:Context 32703:Beliefs 32634:Commons 32572:Bermuda 32560:Ukraine 32488:Jamaica 32467:Iceland 32460:Germany 32453:Estonia 32405:Prisons 32185:Suicide 32178:Strikes 31937:Culture 31866:Officer 31859:Nursery 31852:Library 31739:Private 31630:Prisons 31591:Hostage 31570:Convict 31514:Science 31465:Commons 31426:Slavery 31416:Maroons 31335:Related 31307:Oceania 31265:France 31154:Kaffirs 31066:Oceania 30933:Ukraine 30908:Romania 30878:Ireland 30861:Germany 30844:Finland 30839:Denmark 30834:Belgium 30829:Austria 30791:Uruguay 30769:Matawai 30717:Ecuador 30688:Macombo 30673:Bolivia 30661:America 30483:Ontario 30446:America 30372:America 30370:Central 30295:Jamaica 30283:Marabou 30273:Grenada 30246:Curaçao 30214:Bermuda 30204:Bahamas 30013:Romania 30008:Nigeria 29893:Poverty 29796:Classes 29781:History 29692:Peasant 29678:Outcast 29617:Working 29597:Burgher 29454:Samurai 29444:Ocēlōtl 29404:Chhetri 29396:Warrior 29386:Scholar 29300:Russian 29290:Magnate 29278:Aristoi 29257:By type 29144:Citizen 29137:refugee 29033:Poverty 29027:Parvenu 28961:Related 28932:Marxian 28894:Stratum 28653:U.S.A.: 28258:Peonage 28233:Slavery 28183:Boreout 27922:Karoshi 27872:Pension 27656:On-call 27361:Artisan 27045:Laborer 26625:Liberty 26474:Commons 26384:Passing 26339:Ableism 26262:Mexican 26182:Chinese 26078:Ukraine 26043:Germany 26033:Denmark 25994:Vietnam 25675:Commons 25454:Figleaf 24879:Housing 24647:Turkish 24597:Pashtun 24567:Mexican 24547:Kurdish 24520:Italian 24470:Haitian 24455:Finnish 24430:Chinese 24425:Chechen 24420:Catalan 24410:Bengali 24331:African 24316:Ethnic/ 24275:Judaism 24261:Sunnism 24251:Shi'ism 24167:Atheism 24000:Elitism 23899:Species 23837:Genetic 23827:Dialect 23720:Slavery 23715:Serfdom 23513:Related 23307:Beloved 23291:Kindred 23259:Jubilee 23251:Our Nig 22171:at the 21811:(ed.). 21596:2712264 21300:2638543 21250:4211433 21229:2234490 20649:(ed.). 20430:, Ltd. 20090:July 4, 19463:June 3, 19443:3660347 19344:2904301 19264:May 16, 19119:Brattle 18516:2649071 18154:in 1880 17974:May 22, 17946:May 20, 17866:May 19, 17838:May 19, 17806:May 19, 17778:July 1, 17746:July 1, 17694:July 1, 17666:July 1, 17636:July 1, 17519:May 28, 16756:May 31, 16435:, Inc. 15894:May 31, 15825:May 31, 15787:May 31, 15713:May 31, 15273:May 11, 15231:May 11, 15193:May 31, 15155:May 31, 14019:Chinese 12288:wdl.org 11991:2120553 11403:May 31, 10731:: 104. 10700:May 15, 10208:May 31, 10170:May 31, 10054:2116721 10009:2117209 9370:May 12, 9296:May 23, 9024:freedom 8967:May 31, 8083: 8080: 8041: 8038: 8010: 7969: 7916:Lincoln 7905: 7863: 7847: 7828: 7825: 7809:Germany 7797: 7776: 7773: 7745: 7724: 7683: 7627: 7597:Beloved 7588: 7585: 7555:Amistad 7422: 7410:Chomsky 7365: 7291: 7288: 7219: 7198: 7195: 7156: 7153: 7068:Author 6789:Taubira 6586:Liberia 6482:in the 5938:fishing 5922:torture 5844:Samsung 5820:Inditex 5816:H&M 5560:Bukhara 5548:Persian 5441:Central 5439:), and 5437:Tartars 5427:), the 5373:caravan 5319:"GULAG" 5248:: 5237:Russian 5229:Kremlin 5135:kholops 5131:Muscovy 5039:Córdoba 5033:caliph 5031:Almohad 4907:English 4897:Bristol 4893:Chester 4879:'s and 4847:Tartary 4835:Central 4793:Serfdom 4699:); the 4601:Oceania 4554:by the 4548:Malabar 4418:yangban 4373:Kisaeng 4279:Chinese 4275:jianmin 4235:Marquis 4157:in 2018 4137:Alabama 4133:Georgia 4115:to the 4054:Britain 4012:hanging 3872:aborted 3808:in 1791 3717:, 1839. 3659:Marrons 3648:Maroons 3614:African 3612:, with 3602:English 3440:Spanish 3362:Tlingit 3344:and by 3259:Dahomey 3253:), the 3228:Swahili 3224:Red Sea 3178:kinship 3097:Algiers 3089:Algiers 2911:Ferrara 2895:retinue 2884:Songhai 2792:History 2699:kisaeng 2540:serfdom 2501:and by 2492:slavery 2457:slavery 2360:serfdom 2323:slavery 2239:in Oman 2191:in 1888 2140:Georgia 2082:skyleúō 2076:skūleúō 2070:σκυλεύω 2039:sclāvus 2017:σκλάβος 1972:sklábos 1966:σκλάβος 1957:esclave 1907:of the 1836:poverty 1790:is the 1788:Slavery 1718:Lincoln 1591:Related 1491:Liberia 1377:Judaism 1315:Tunisia 1290:Morocco 1280:Lebanon 1245:Bahrain 1240:Algeria 1208:Romania 1173:Denmark 1166:Slavery 1100:Vietnam 771:Somalia 761:Nigeria 736:Comoros 664:Pirates 573:Ghilman 506:Bristol 396:history 369:pirates 258:History 147:Peonage 70:slavery 35409:Monism 35404:Mohism 35356:Ionian 35322:Holism 35154:Taoism 35139:Shinto 35040:Baháʼí 34686:Styles 34664:ethics 34654:Rights 34602:public 34587:Maxims 34528:Honour 34477:Ethics 34393:Comedy 34383:Beauty 34311:Spirit 34243:Nature 34216:Matter 34171:Future 33953:Memory 33938:Gnosis 33875:Axioms 33805:animal 33686:Holism 33574:animal 33437:ritual 33417:Burial 33358:social 33263:forced 33154:values 33054:ethnic 32925:Belief 32902:Biases 32868:Umwelt 32553:Turkey 32530:Russia 32516:Norway 31898:Escape 31887:Warden 31688:Island 31384:Yoruba 31337:topics 31314:Israel 31259:Europe 31204:Ghana 31197:Africa 31035:Turkey 31010:Jordan 30993:Israel 30953:London 30923:Sweden 30913:Russia 30898:Poland 30893:Norway 30871:Blacks 30866:Greece 30849:France 30815:Blacks 30810:Europe 30774:Ndyuka 30764:Kwinti 30744:Guyana 30732:Ndyuka 30710:Raizal 30678:Brazil 30643:Yoruba 30628:Lumbee 30608:Fulani 30586:Gullah 30495:Mexico 30453:Canada 30428:Panama 30379:Belize 30288:Marron 30261:Cocolo 29968:France 29948:Belize 29943:Africa 29870:Income 29826:Middle 29819:Gentry 29683:Outlaw 29590:Petite 29577:Middle 29511:Landed 29496:Gentry 29429:Knight 29369:Priest 29364:Clergy 29327:Family 29265:Ruling 29214:collar 29171:Clique 28887:Status 28357:Layoff 27907:Crunch 27765:Europe 27755:Canada 27743:Europe 27344:Career 27185:Résumé 27060:Hiring 26968:Casual 26864:Sexual 26306:Slavic 26301:Romani 26296:Muslim 26269:Jewish 26216:Korean 26177:Asians 26149:Brazil 26132:Mexico 26122:Canada 26110:Turkey 26100:Israel 26063:Russia 26053:Poland 26038:France 26028:Europe 25947:Africa 25781:Patent 25761:Formal 25741:Covert 25717:Racism 25640:threat 25494:autism 25231:sexual 25221:racial 25104:Jewish 24961:Pogrom 24939:Chiefs 24929:Braves 24657:Uyghur 24632:Somali 24627:Slavic 24612:Romani 24607:Quebec 24602:Polish 24542:Korean 24503:Canada 24490:Indian 24475:Hazara 24450:Fulani 24361:France 24326:Afghan 24256:Sufism 23985:Audism 23918:Social 23847:Height 23685:Corvée 23627:(2008) 23619:(2002) 23611:(1867) 23603:(2008) 23595:(1931) 23587:(1847) 23579:(1783) 23505:(2008) 23497:(2003) 23478:(2022) 23470:(1859) 23462:(1858) 23443:(1853) 23425:Essays 23417:(2006) 23409:(1965) 23401:(1951) 23382:(2016) 23374:(2007) 23366:(2006) 23358:(2003) 23350:(2002) 23342:(2001) 23334:(1996) 23326:(1993) 23318:(1990) 23310:(1987) 23302:(1986) 23294:(1979) 23286:(1977) 23278:(1976) 23270:(1967) 23262:(1966) 23254:(1859) 23246:(1856) 23216:(1853) 23213:Clotel 23208:(1852) 23200:(1852) 23192:(1841) 23184:(1688) 23163:(2018) 23155:(1972) 23147:(1956) 23131:(1901) 23123:(1881) 23115:(1872) 23107:(1861) 23099:(1855) 23091:(1853) 23083:(1849) 23075:(1845) 23067:(1839) 23059:(1816) 23051:(1789) 22800:–1901) 22796:(1815 22718:(1834) 22600:Canada 22525:Europe 22382:Africa 22289:Modern 22146: 22120: 22099: 22063: 22024: 22000: 21975: 21950: 21925: 21897: 21872: 21849: 21841: 21831: 21781: 21752: 21727: 21685: 21660: 21633: 21594: 21586: 21555: 21531: 21507: 21482: 21461: 21440: 21415: 21387: 21358: 21306: 21298: 21248: 21227: 21198: 21190: 21161: 21123: 21102: 21071: 21043: 21015: 20990: 20965: 20940: 20911: 20887: 20862: 20837: 20816: 20791: 20766: 20741: 20713: 20687: 20679: 20669: 20630: 20579: 20569: 20544: 20527: 20487: 20444: 20434: 20404: 20376: 20348: 20320: 20282: 20257: 20226: 20190: 20167: 20134: 20126: 20081: 20056: 20033: 19992: 19946: 19895: 19864: 19838: 19815: 19778: 19749: 19720: 19680: 19617: 19607: 19582: 19554: 19532: 19441: 19406:494885 19404: 19342: 19334: 19293: 19227: 19176: 18789: 18779: 18643:UNESCO 18547: 18522: 18514: 18475: 18436: 18384: 18326: 18292: 18236: 18208: 17015: 16954: 16904: 16782:May 1, 16747: 16666: 16447: 16391: 16038: 15885: 15854: 15816: 15778: 15747: 15704: 15636: 15520: 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