English language in England

3393:, usually known as Smoggy, are sometimes grouped with Yorkshire and sometimes grouped with the North-East of England, for they share characteristics with both accent regions. As this urban area grew in the early 20th century, there are fewer dialect words that date back to older forms of English; Teesside speak is the sort of modern dialect that Peter Trudgill identified in his "The Dialects of England". There is a Lower Tees Dialect group. A recent study found that most people from Middlesbrough do not consider their accent to be "Yorkshire", but that they are less hostile to being grouped with Yorkshire than to being grouped with the Geordie accent. Intriguingly, speakers from Middlesbrough are occasionally mistaken for speakers from 276: 5102:, 15 March 2005. "While most regional accents in England are growing a touch less pronounced in this age of high-speed travel and 600-channel satellite systems, it seems that the Liverpool accent is boldly growing thicker. ... migrating London accents are blamed for the slight changes in regional accents over the past few decades. ... That said, the curator of English accents and dialects at the British Library said the Northeast accents, from places like Northumberland and Tyneside, were also going stronger." 2438:. From some time during the 19th century, middle and upper middle classes began to adopt affectations, including the RP accent, associated with the upper class. In the late 20th and 21st century other social changes, such as middle class RP-speakers forming an increasing component of rural communities, have accentuated the spread of RP. The South East coast accents traditionally have several features in common with the West Country; for example, rhoticity and the a: sound in words such as 3546:

for "culture" and "father" respectively. The Sunderland area would pronounce the syllable much more closely to that of other accents. Similarly, Geordies pronounce "make" and "take" in line with the standard English pronunciation. However, a Mackem would pronounce these words as "mack" or "tack" (hence the origin of the term "Mackem"). For other differences, see the respective articles. For an explanation of the traditional dialects of the mining areas of

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also many cases where a large city has a very different accent from the rural area around it (e.g. Bristol and Avon, Hull and the East Riding, Liverpool and Lancashire). But modern communications and mass media have reduced these differences in some parts of the country. Speakers may also change their pronunciation and vocabulary, particularly towards

2565:, it was possible to encounter comparable accents and, indeed, distinct local dialects until perhaps the 1960s. There is now limited use of such dialects amongst older people in local areas. Although natives of such locations, especially in western parts, can still have West Country influences in their speech, the increased mobility and 1628:. This is unusual in being an east–west division in pronunciation when English dialects generally divide between north and south. Another east–west division involves the rhotic ; it can be heard in the speech of country folk (particularly the elder), more or less west of the course of the Roman era road known as 3332:, the servant Joseph speaks in the traditional dialect of the area, which many modern readers struggle to understand. This dialect was still spoken around Haworth until the late 1970s, but now only a minority of the dialect's features are still in everyday use. The old dialect is now mainly encountered in 1754:. In the traditional view, urban speech has just been seen as a watered-down version of that of the surrounding rural area. Historically, rural areas had much more stable demographics than urban areas, but there is now only a small difference between the two. It has probably never been true since the 1725:

is now quite rarely spoken in the city, and call centres have seen Bradford as a useful location for the very fact that potential employees there nowadays generally lack dialectal speech. Some local call centres have stated that they were attracted to Bradford because it has a regional accent that is

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area). The dialects across the region are broadly similar however some differences do exist. For example, with words ending -re/-er, such as culture and father, the end syllable is pronounced by a Newcastle native as a short 'a', such as in 'fat' and 'back', therefore producing "cultcha" and "fatha"

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Most native Anglo-English speakers can tell the general region in England that a speaker comes from, and experts or locals may be able to narrow this down to within a few miles. Historically, such differences could be a major impediment to understanding between people from different areas. There are

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as they share many of the same characteristics. It is thought the occasional similarities between the Middlesbrough and Liverpool accent may be due to the high number of Irish migrants to both areas during the late 1900s in fact the 1871 census showed Middlesbrough had the second-highest proportion

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was undertaken to preserve a record of the traditional spectrum of rural dialects that merged into each other. The traditional picture was that there would be a few changes in lexicon and pronunciation every couple of miles, but that there would be no sharp borders between completely different ways

1346:; its presence in the last two can be attributed to Scottish influence on local speech. Additionally, people who are children of at least one American, Canadian, Irish or Scottish (and thus rhotic-accented) parent but grew up, or were educated, in England generally speak with non-rhotic accents. 1218:

I have personally known those who would avoid, or could never enjoy, a conversation with a stranger, because they were literally too ashamed to open their mouths. It has been drummed into people—often in school, and certainly in society at large—that dialect speech is incorrect, impure, vulgar,

2812:. Hence the following joke dialogue about bay windows: "What sort of windas am them?" "They'm bay windas." "Well if they bay windas wot bin them?". There is also humour to be derived from the shop-owner's sign of Mr. "E. A. Wright" (that is, "He ay right," a phrase implying someone is 5095: 3591:

Also similar to Scots, the modals 'can', and less commonly 'will', have contracted forms "cannet" and "winnet". Additionally, distinct negative forms of 'do' exist. In Tyneside and Northumberland, the local form is "divvent", whereas "dinnet" is prevalent in Sunderland and

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is spoken in the traditional county of Norfolk and areas of north Suffolk. Famous speakers include Keith Skipper. The group FOND (Friends of Norfolk Dialect) was formed to record the county's dialect and to provide advice for TV companies using the dialect in productions.

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clumsy, ugly, careless, shoddy, ignorant, and altogether inferior. Furthermore, the particularly close link in recent English society between speech, especially accents, and social class and values has made local dialect a hindrance to upward social mobility.

5658: 3210:) are often pronounced as monophthongs (such as and ). However, the quality of these vowels varies considerably across the region, and this is considered a greater indicator of a speaker's social class than the less stigmatised aspects listed above. 2541:

are usually also included, although the northern and eastern boundaries of the area are hard to define and sometimes even wider areas are encompassed. The West Country accent is said to reflect the pronunciation of the

2769:. Cases of the spelling -ing are pronounced as rather than . Wells noted that there were no exceptions to this rule in Stoke-on-Trent, whereas there were for other areas with the pronunciation, such as Liverpool. 5650: 1770:, the major regional English accents of modern England can be divided on the basis on the following basic features; the word columns each represent the pronunciation of one italicised word in the sentence " 1726:

relatively easy to understand. Nevertheless, working in the opposite direction, concentrations of migration may cause a town or area to develop its own accent. The two most famous examples of this are

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The Liverpool accent, known as Scouse colloquially, is quite different from the accent of surrounding Lancashire. This is because Liverpool has had many immigrants in recent centuries, particularly

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of speaking. Within a county, the accents of the different towns and villages would drift gradually so that residents of bordering areas sounded more similar to those in neighbouring counties.

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captured manners of speech across the West Country that were just as different from Standard English as anything from the far North. Close proximity has completely different languages such as

3294:. Irish influences on Scouse speech include the pronunciation of unstressed 'my' as 'me' and the pronunciation of 'th' sounds like 't' or 'd' (although they remain distinct as dental 3053:

has an accent with some originally Scottish features, apparently due to immigration of Scottish steelworkers. It is common in Corby for the GOAT set of words to be pronounced with

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was filmed almost entirely in the traditional dialect of the Sheffield-Rotherham area, but this variety of speech is receding. For examples of less marked Sheffield speech, see

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Many different accents and dialects are found throughout England, and people are often very proud of their local accent or dialect. However, accents and dialects also highlight

1746:. The Voices 2006 survey found that the various ethnic minorities that have settled in large populations in parts of Britain develop their own specific dialects. For example, 4853:

The traditional feature of rhoticity in Lancashire is increasingly giving way to non-rhoticity: Beal, Joan (2004). "English dialects in the North of England: phonology".

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In general, Southern English accents are distinguished from Northern English accents primarily by not using the short a in words such as "bath". In the south-east, the

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was developed by Joseph Wright so he could hear the differences in the vowel sounds of a dialect by listening to different people reading the same short text passage.

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and other similar places where older farmers from deep in the dales live. Examples of differences from RP in Yorkshire pronunciation include, but are not limited to:

1424: 5449: 1632:(the modern A5), which at one time divided King Alfred's Wessex and English Mercia from the Danish kingdoms in the east. The rhotic is rarely found in the east. 777: 5780: 1448:

stated that it did not extend to the far north, nor to East Anglia, Essex, Wiltshire or Somerset. In the past, working-class people were often unsure where an

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may have an Oriental influence on their accent so sometimes urban dialects are now just as easily identifiable as rural dialects, even if they are not from

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industry during the 19th and 20th centuries, and many families moved from these already well-established shipbuilding towns to seek employment in Barrow.

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Some dialect words used across the North are listed in extended editions of the Oxford Dictionary with a marker "North England": for example, the words

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accent in the role; the Doctor's usual response is "Lots of planets have a North!" Other accents in the same series include Cockney (used by actress

6011:: searchable free-access archive of 681 English English speech samples, wma format with linguistic commentary including phonetic transcriptions in 1073: 2899:

accents are generally non-rhotic, instead drawing out their vowels, resulting in the Midlands Drawl, which can to non-natives be mistaken for dry

1420:. Some areas of the West Country use in both the TRAP and BATH sets. The Bristol area, although in the south of England, uses the short in BATH. 3253:" is named after the speech of the region, but it is often used in many working class dialects in the south of England too. Instead of saying "I 5003: 1493: 1143:

is ambiguous, so it can be used and interpreted in multiple ways, but it is usually reserved to describe the features common to Anglo-English,

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may be pronounced as "owd" and "cowd" (rhyming with "loud" in the West Midlands and "ode" in the East Midlands), and in the northern Midlands

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has a Rochdale accent, which is similar to the accent of the western fringe of Yorkshire; hence, she has often featured in Yorkshire dramas.

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sound, as is found in both Durham and rural North Yorkshire. In common with this area of the country, Middlesbrough is a non-rhotic accent.

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is pronounced rather than the pronunciation of most southern accents. This pronunciation is found in the words that were affected by the

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homophones. This is a feature of working-class accents across most of England but was traditionally stigmatised (a fact the comedy musical

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BBC 15 August 2005. Interview with Professor Paul Kerswill who stated "The difference between regional accents is getting less with time".

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is pronounced rather than the pronunciation of most southern accents. The northern limit of the in many words crosses England from mid-

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is one of the few classic works of English literature to contain a substantial amount of dialect, specifically Yorkshire dialect. Set in

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defines the East Midlands (centred on Leicester and Rutland) and partly defines the South Midlands (centred on Northampton and Bedford).

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is perhaps the most distinctly 'northern' of the West Midlands accents, given that the urban area around Stoke-on-Trent is close to the

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https://archive.today/20240524044851/https://www.webcitation.org/5QdQDYjD0?url=http://www.joensuu.fi/fld/methodsxi/abstracts/dyer.html

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is now common amongst younger speakers across the country; it was originally confined to some areas of the south-east and East Anglia.

5279: 4402:, Sam Nixon from Pop Idol 2003, Top of the Pops Saturday and Reloaded and Level Up also has a Barnsley accent. Also, chat show host 2872:

have a rhotic accent, somewhat like the West Country, and in some parts of these counties, the local accent mixes features with the

5363:. Vol. 5, English in Britain and Overseas: Origins and Development, ed. Robert Burchfield, pp. 255–258. Cambridge University Press. 4819: 2831:

accents are distinct, even though the cities are only 19 miles/30 km apart. Coventry being closer to an East Midlands accent.

2717:, a dialect expert, said in 1985 that it was more like the West Midlands, but it is often grouped with the East and is part of the 524: 1734:. Liverpool's dialect is influenced heavily by Irish and Welsh, and it sounds completely different from the surrounding areas of 741: 618: 529: 5082: 2446:, etc. However, the younger generation in the area is more likely to be non-rhotic and use the London/East Anglian A: sound in 1452:

ought to be pronounced, and, when attempting to speak "properly", would often preface any word that began with a vowel with an

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and many musicians, it is a variant of the London regional accent characterised by a non-standard mixture of linguistic and

7208: 7177: 6250: 6135: 4834: 3057:. This pronunciation is used across Scotland and most of Northern England, but Corby is alone in the Midlands in using it. 2992:. The south of Lincolnshire is close to Received Pronunciation, although it still has a short Northern a in words such as 1004: 6658: 5453: 5237: 3909: 2300: 1408:(that is, or a similar vowel), while in the Midlands and Northern varieties, they are pronounced with the same vowel as 449: 5593: 6763: 2669:

Additionally, just like the North, most accents in the Midlands lack the foot–strut split, with words containing like

5328: 2850:, however this is not always the case as most other words such as "miss" or "tip" are still pronounced as normal. The 5954: 5935: 5913: 5894: 5875: 5859: 5844: 5836: 5818: 5788: 5067: 4987: 3646: 3191:, and not . This was considered RP until the 1990s. The longer is found in the far north and in the Merseyside area. 1085: 385: 2569:

of the population have meant that local Berkshire, Oxfordshire, Hampshire and Isle of Wight dialects (as opposed to

6562: 5620: 4052: 3664:'s accent changed slightly over the years but she still spoke a conservative form of RP until the end of her life. 3584:

in coda position. As an example, "film" is pronounced as "fillum". Another of these features which are shared with

694: 6035: 6810: 6606: 2458: 1474: 1171: 1163: 802: 236: 2730:, although part of the North-West region, is usually grouped the Midlands for the purpose of accent and dialect. 1713:, and people are more likely to categorise their accent by a region or county than by their town or village. As 7127: 6567: 6073: 5691: 4601: 3628: 501: 6053: 5436:

English accents and dialects: an introduction to social and regional varieties of English in the British Isles

3818:, have East Lancashire accents, which have slightly different intonation and rhythm and also feature variable 1206:

It is impossible for an Englishman to open his mouth without making some other Englishman hate or despise him.

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As well as pride in one's accent, there is also stigma placed on many traditional working-class dialects. In

2476:. These dialects are now extinct or nearly extinct due to improved communications and population movements. 1705:, this model is no longer very accurate. There are some English counties in which there is little change in 7162: 6815: 6635: 6452: 6273: 6022: 5099: 4829: 4555: 2218: 834: 782: 5062:. Bamberger Beiträge Zur Englische Sprachwissenschaft; Bd. 41. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. p. 90. 3898: 3894: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3466: 3459: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3409: 3398:

of people from Ireland after Liverpool. Some examples of traits that are shared with Yorkshire include:

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is normally pronounced rather than the found in traditional Received Pronunciation and in many forms of

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vowel—are also represented under the "path" and "stone" columns (so that the sentence could be rendered "

1056: 687: 307: 6008: 5520: 7122: 6837: 6695: 6106: 3436: 3276:. Wells said that northernmost Northumberland "though politically English is linguistically Scottish". 2633:

East Anglian dialect is also spoken in areas of Cambridgeshire. It is characterised by the use of for

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Whether Derbyshire should be classed as the West or East Midlands in terms of dialect is debatable.

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Relatively recently, the first two have increasingly influenced southern accents outside London via

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peninsula in south Cumbria tend to have a more Lancashire-orientated accent, whilst the dialect of

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and expanded towns throughout the south east, bringing with them their distinctive London accent.

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In most of the eastern half of England, plurals and past participle endings which are pronounced

1331: 645: 203: 99: 89: 79: 6954: 6932: 6736: 6433: 6402: 6280: 5621:"Middlesbrough English: Convergent and divergent trends in a "Par of Britain with no identity"" 4277: 3918: 2256: 1284: 1029: 1014: 736: 445: 232: 6850: 7152: 6937: 6832: 6545: 6479: 6233: 6223: 6218: 4748: 4438: 4323: 4125: 4062: 4036: 3996: 3992: 3250: 2896: 2890: 2755: 2740: 2693: 2689: 2485: 2415: 2102: 1755: 1664:

There has been academic interest in dialects since the late 19th century. The main works are

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was set in Suffolk in its second series, providing lots of examples of the Suffolk dialect.

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was quick to exploit) but less so now. This was geographically widespread, but the linguist

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position. Non-rhoticity is also found elsewhere in the English-speaking world, including in

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encompasses a diverse range of accents and dialects. The language forms part of the broader

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sound rather more like a south-eastern accent. The vowel sound at the end of words like

7062: 7029: 6964: 6947: 6802: 6623: 6170: 6160: 5997: 5176: 5141: 4997: 4525: 4481: 4474: 4259: 3851: 3801: 3478: 3088:, etc.) as a separate vowel. Most words that have this vowel in RP are pronounced with 3072:

There are several features that are common to most of the accents of northern England:

3001: 2718: 2499: 2030: 1955: 1311: 1049: 1034: 999: 839: 746: 632: 467: 283: 266: 94: 84: 5651:"The shifting sand(-shoes) of linguistic identity in Teesside – Sound and vision blog" 5434:

Hughes; Trudgill; Watts, eds. (2005). "chapter on Leicester's speech, Hodder Arnold".

7067: 7052: 7024: 6984: 6776: 6713: 6462: 6238: 6202: 5950: 5931: 5909: 5890: 5871: 5855: 5840: 5832: 5814: 5687: 5547: 5507: 5378: 5181: 5163: 5063: 4983: 4636: 4572: 4520: 4463: 4403: 4394: 4199: 3814: 3665: 3504: 3324: 3318: 2997: 2851: 1919: 1702: 1581: 1019: 994: 959: 889: 864: 829: 824: 798: 519: 362: 6758: 5681: 5142:"Rhoticity in English, a Journey Over Time Through Social Class: A Narrative Review" 1128:. Terms used to refer to the English language spoken and written in England include 7187: 7140: 7092: 7019: 6927: 6917: 6912: 6902: 6748: 6721: 6579: 6499: 6444: 6342: 6324: 6311: 6148: 6143: 5729: 5539: 5171: 5153: 4511: 4489: 4449: 4255: 4227: 4133: 4056: 3984: 3859: 3489: 3165: 3050: 3027: 2611: 2587: 2583: 2495: 2454: 1743: 1288: 1224: 1175: 1148: 1113: 1009: 989: 979: 954: 949: 939: 924: 919: 884: 859: 819: 722: 543: 509: 477: 380: 375: 198: 109: 104: 3858:(although many of these contain affected patterns). For clear examples, see actor 1294:

British and Irish varieties of English, including Anglo-English, are discussed in

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A Sociolinguistic Study of T-glottalling in Young RP: Accent, Class and Education

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was set in Liverpool so the majority of the cast, including Philip Olivier and

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in RP can have in the more conservative Northern accents, so that a pair like

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Academically the regional variations are considered to be dialectal forms. The

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Tudor to Augustan English: a Study in Syntax and Style, from Caxton to Johnson

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was set in Oxfordshire, and many of the characters had West Country accents.

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has quite an old-fashioned Cockney accent, and his replacement of an initial

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Because of greater social mobility and the teaching of "Standard English" in

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are often cited as having particularly strong Scouse accents. Recordings by

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also has an East Lancashire accent, alongside being a mostly rhotic speaker.

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The PRICE vowel has a very far back starting-point, and can be realised as .

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Sporadically, miscellaneous items of generally obsolete vocabulary survive:

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A Grammar of the Dialect of the Bolton Area. Pt. 1: Introduction; phonology

4768: 4756: 4745: 4679: 4541: 4515: 4459: 4455: 4442:, Bob has a Bradford accent whilst Rita and Sue sound more like Lancashire. 4417: 4361: 4281: 4233: 4203: 4195: 4187: 4173: 4066: 3968: 3932: 3890: 3864: 3843: 3738:, but as of early 2018 has mostly transitioned into Modern RP, with subtle 3661: 3516: 3363: 3291: 2961: 2873: 2566: 2543: 2503: 2431: 2423: 1687: 1482: 1445: 1440: 1335: 1195: 964: 596: 566: 487: 482: 194: 4824: 4751:), an alien, sounds as if he comes from the North. Eccleston used his own 4682:

have often included a variety of regional accents, the most notable being

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also has a marked north–south split in terms of accent. The north (around

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differences, rivalries, or other associated prejudices, as illustrated by

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has had characters with a variety of different West Country accents (see

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is easily detected on recordings and live performances and ex-footballer

4084: 4040: 4024: 3956: 3938: 3928: 3914: 3882: 3785: 3781: 3773: 3749: 3685: 3508: 3039: 3034:, residents of the north of the county have an accent similar to that of 2554: 1714: 159: 5245:(PhD thesis). Department of Language and Linguistics University of Essex 5096:

Liverpool Journal; Baffling Scouse Is Spoken Here, So Bring a Sensa Yuma

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In the far north of England, the local speech is indistinguishable from

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Urban North-eastern English: Tyneside to Teesside (Dialects of English)

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defines South Humberside or North Lincolnshire (centred on Scunthorpe).

4736: 4708: 4609: 4597: 4421: 4380: 4341: 4293: 4269: 4207: 4191: 4161: 4115: 4111: 4092: 4088: 4076: 4002: 3964: 3789: 3769: 3631: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3542: 2996:. Accents in the north of the county are often classified as a form of 2969: 2869: 2747: 2663: 2655: 1782:". Two additional distinguishing features—the absence or presence of a 1751: 1735: 1718: 1339: 1244: 1240: 3588:

is the use of the word 'Aye', pronounced like 'I', its meaning is yes.

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During the 19th century distinct dialects of English were recorded in

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dialects have also declined; for example, the traditional dialect of

1621: 551: 216: 3606: 3153:, etc. is slightly more open, transcribed by Wells as rather than . 2692:

accent is often described as having a pronounced nasal quality, the

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International English: A Guide to the Varieties of Standard English

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has an accent similar to those found in many old coal-mining towns.

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Kortmann, Bernd; Schneider, Edgar W; Burridge, Kate, eds. (2004).

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Online British English and American English pronunciation courses

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Beal, Joan C.; Burbano-Elizondo, Lourdes; Llamas, Carmen (2012).

5359:

Ihalainen, Ossi (1992). "The Dialects of England since 1776". In

4689: 4243: 4183: 3924: 3878: 3855: 3706:, which belonged to Berkshire until the boundary changes of 1974. 3530: 3500: 3333: 3329: 2965: 2946:

have a northern pronunciation, whereas words with vowels such as

2900: 2647: 2614: 2510: 2491: 2405: 2324: 1883: 1710: 1117: 974: 586: 561: 556: 410: 395: 52: 4893:

defines the South Midlands (centred on Northampton and Bedford).

2400:

Southern English accents have three main historical influences:

1330:, as well as in most non-native varieties spoken throughout the 320: 6185: 6165: 5377:. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 124, 138, 170, 187, 198. 5262: 5260: 4866:

defines the Central Midlands (centred on Nottingham and Derby).

4724: 4327: 4165: 4006: 3901:

has been stigmatised. More examples can be heard in the movies

3839: 3538: 3285: 2522: 2469: 2465: 2435: 2390: 2386: 1994: 581: 6002: 5375:

A handbook of varieties of English a multimedia reference tool

5282:. Bradford Telegraph & Argus. 5 April 2004. Archived from 1472:, and is also referenced in literature (e.g. the policeman in 5121: 4499: 3719: 3709: 3596: 3337: 3046: 2912:, as in East Anglia, can be found in some areas, for example 2518: 1731: 1625: 1614: 1343: 1223:

The three largest recognisable dialect groups in England are

1155: 576: 5468: 5257: 3569:. This feature is usually transcribed as , and or , and . 2473: 2419: 1717:

became less prominent, many rural dialects were lost. Some

5679: 4941: 4478:(although Sallis and Owen themselves were both Londoners). 3419:

In common with the east coast of Yorkshire, words such as

1349:

As noted above, Northern versions of the dialect lack the

5372: 4857:(pp. 113–133). Berlin, Boston: Mouton de Gruyter. p. 127. 2958:(and the name of the city) is also a distinctive feature. 2931:

being realised as may be even shorter than in the North.

2746:

The best-known accents in the West Midlands area are the

2646:

As in the North, Midlands accents generally do not use a

2382:

but both are pronounced with an extended fronted vowel.

2374:

sound is used in these words but also in words that take

330: 5204: 5192: 4657: 2972:) shares many features with Yorkshire, such as the open 2677:

being pronounced with , without any distinction between

1298:(1982). Some of the features of Anglo-English are that: 3431:

Examples of traits shared with the North-East include:

3123:

The accents of Northern England generally do not use a

2397:

triangle are particularly notable as the basis for RP.

2617:, and often includes words derived from the language. 2490:

The West Country dialects and accents are the English

2385:

Accents originally from the upper class speech of the

1758:

caused an enormous influx to cities from rural areas.

1742:, and it sounds completely different from the rest of 5112:

Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006).

4392:

accents, which are less likely to be heard nowadays.

4254:

project, comedy writer, actor, radio DJ and director

1306:

pronunciation, meaning that /r/ is not pronounced in

5560: 5391: 4961:

The Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language

4937:(2nd ed.). The Oxford English Dictionary. 1989. 4787: 1279:); this change did not occur north of the isogloss. 241:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see 5433: 5415: 5403: 3676:are examples of old-fashioned RP speakers, whereas 1404:, etc. are pronounced with the long vowel found in 3796:have degrees of broad Bolton accents. The actress 3507:itself is a result of migration from the likes of 3469:, as is commonplace in the North-East of England. 3038:and those in the south an accent similar to rural 5683:Urban North-Eastern English: Tyneside to Teesside 5628:Leeds Working Papers in Linguistics and Phonetics 4902:defines the Lower Southwest (Cornwall and Devon). 4304:(although he sometimes Americanises his speech), 3138:For many speakers, the remaining instances of RP 2824:also may mean silly as in, "Stop bein' so saft". 2339:: words such as "cast" and "bath" are pronounced 7200: 3580:, is the pronunciation of the consonant cluster 3572:A feature of the North East accent, shared with 2976:sound in "car" and "park" or the replacement of 2457:, about one million Londoners were relocated to 255:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters 2546:far better than other modern English Dialects. 1761: 1511:is lost, "wh" being pronounced consistently as 5964:Wells, John. "English Accents in England". In 5903: 5808: 5618: 5474: 5127: 5111: 4947: 4073:sing in a traditional rhotic St Helens accent. 3377:is often changed to , though can be heard in 6074: 5947:Accents of English. Vol. 2: The British Isles 5928:Accents of English. Vol. 2: The British Isles 5756:"Language Log: Happy-tensing and coal in sex" 5594:"TeesSpeak: Dialect of the Lower Tees Valley" 5361:The Cambridge History of the English language 3423:, etc. have an sound. It can be written as, 2498:used by much of the indigenous population of 1182:, which is generally considered a dialect of 1093: 695: 6432: 5987:. London: A. Deutsch. 242 p. SBN 233-96092-9 5029: 4698:featured London and Cumberland accents, and 3142:instead becomes : for example, in the words 4975: 4388:and Freddie Fletcher, both have very broad 3529:Dialects in this region are often known as 3023:when the other is used in Standard English. 2846:, as very obvious when hearing a local say 1738:. Corby's dialect is influenced heavily by 1342:, the far north of England and the town of 7108:Comparison of American and British English 6081: 6067: 5538:. Cambridge University Press. p. 67. 5326: 5139: 5002:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4031:'s accent was the strongest of the four), 3597:Examples of accents used by public figures 3305:as and the pronunciation of 'r' as a tap 1353:, so that there is no distinction between 1100: 1086: 702: 688: 6029:"European Commission English Style Guide" 5949:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5930:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5889:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5854:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5686:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 5272: 5175: 5157: 5057: 3647:Learn how and when to remove this message 3257:to him", users of the rule would say, "I 3222:for specific types of alleyway, the word 3100:are homophonous as . But some words with 2319:Isle of Wight § Language and dialect 6801: 5965: 5884: 5809:Hughes, Arthur; Trudgill, Peter (1996). 5753: 5612: 5596:. This is the North East. Archived from 4820:American and British English differences 1227:dialects, Midlands English dialects and 16:Dialects of British English from England 5533: 5235: 5140:Costa, Davide; Serra, Raffaele (2022). 5083:Voices 2005: Accent – a great leveller? 4410:have slightly reduced Barnsley accents. 2876:, particularly in places closer to the 7201: 5904:Trudgill, Peter; Hannah, Jean (2002). 5781:"Jack O'Connell's dilemma over accent" 5585: 5334:. GV Mahony. p. 8. Archived from 5298: 5280:"By 'eck! Bratford-speak is dyin' out" 1376:In the Southern varieties, words like 6062: 5963: 5944: 5922: 5865: 5566: 5421: 5409: 5397: 5320: 5266: 5210: 5198: 4658:Regional English accents in the media 3523: 3465:The vowel in "face" is pronounced as 3279: 2479: 1074:Teaching English as a second language 7178:Non-native pronunciations of English 5852:The Cambridge Guide to English Usage 5713: 5648: 5591: 5580:Emily Bronte and the Haworth Dialect 5306:"Does tha kno't old way o' callin'?" 5236:Barrera, Berta Badia (August 2015). 4835:Regional accents of English speakers 3748:(a southern rural accent): the late 3629:adding citations to reliable sources 3600: 3234:. The best-known Northern words are 2772:Dialect verbs are used, for example 1620:. This can be found as far north as 1334:. Rhoticity currently exists in the 1124:, along with other varieties in the 245:. For the distinction between , 5870:(2nd ed.). London: Routledge. 5831:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5661:from the original on 16 August 2018 5253:– via repository.essex.ac.uk. 5114:The Atlas of North American English 5039:Pygmalion, A Professor of Phonetics 4976:Todd, Loreto; Hancock, Ian (1990). 4740:, various Londoners wonder why the 3910:Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels 3734:used to speak in a more regionally 3076:Northern English tends not to have 3061: 2301:British English in Southern England 2294: 1659: 1326:, and a few particular dialects of 1302:Most versions of this dialect have 1189: 13: 5973: 5452:. BBC. 6 July 1975. Archived from 4855:A Handbook of Varieties of English 2938:, words with short vowels such as 2502:, the area popularly known as the 1243:(on the Welsh border) to south of 656:English inventions and discoveries 14: 7225: 6005:. (Official website for the BNC.) 5991: 5016:According to Tom McArthur in the 2923:In Lincolnshire, sounds like the 2573:) are today essentially extinct. 1613:) in RP may be pronounced with a 1580:Many Southern varieties have the 1416:, usually . For more details see 1212:his work on the dialect of Bolton 1170:. The main dialect of the fourth 5998:IANA language tag for eng-GB-oed 5908:(4th ed.). London: Arnold. 5813:(3rd ed.). London: Arnold. 5787:. 7 January 2015. Archived from 5450:"Voices – The Voices Recordings" 4804: 4790: 4558:: characters from the 1998 film 4168:): the accent of the rock group 3752:, sports presenter and gardener 3698:(a southern rural accent): poet 3692:are examples of contemporary RP. 3605: 2884: 2842:can sometimes sound rather like 2734: 2610:is to some extent influenced by 2414:Southern rural accents (such as 1464:); this was referred to as the " 669: 274: 5773: 5747: 5722: 5707: 5673: 5642: 5582:, Hudson History, Settle, 2001. 5572: 5527: 5480: 5442: 5427: 5366: 5353: 5229: 5216: 5133: 5105: 4965:Retrieved via encyclopedia.com. 4905: 4896: 4887: 4878: 4869: 4860: 4847: 4774:A television reality programme 4759:) and Estuary (used by actress 4154:, ex pop star and TV presenter 3726:): very strongly noticeable in 3616:needs additional citations for 3261:to him". Instead of saying, "I 3226:for to organise, or the use of 2347:. This sometimes occurs before 2107:East, North, and South Midlands 1475:Danny the Champion of the World 237:International Phonetic Alphabet 7128:English-based creole languages 5088: 5076: 5051: 5023: 5010: 4969: 4953: 4925: 4911:defines the Central Southwest. 4326:): YouTuber Jay Swingler from 3812:, actresses in the soap opera 3660:Received Pronunciation: Queen 3265:up there", they would say, "I 2434:mobility and the expansion of 1666:On Early English Pronunciation 1639:in the past tense rather than 1239:, which runs roughly from mid- 1: 7168:List of English-based pidgins 5887:Language in the British Isles 5829:Oxford Guide to World English 5718:. Edinburgh University Press. 5536:Language in the British Isles 5018:Oxford Guide to World English 4918: 4704:featured north east England. 3862:(Eliza Doolittle's father in 3780:, McFly singer and guitarist 3472: 3092:in Northern accents, so that 3030:, crossed by the north–south 1456:(e.g. "henormous" instead of 1231:dialects. The most prominent 1172:country of the United Kingdom 7163:Linguistic purism in English 6009:English Accents and Dialects 5811:English Accents and Dialects 5534:Britain, David, ed. (2007). 5475:Hughes & Trudgill (1996) 5329:"Race relations in Bradford" 5128:Trudgill & Hannah (2002) 5100:International Herald Tribune 4948:Trudgill & Hannah (2002) 4830:Linguistic purism in English 4079:: Comedian and TV presenter 3312: 2219:Multicultural London English 1766:According to dialectologist 1762:Overview of regional accents 1693:In the 1950s and 1960s, the 7: 7209:English language in England 6264:London & Thames Estuary 5327:Mahony, GV (January 2001). 4979:International English Usage 4783: 4730:In the 2005 version of the 4218:, television personalities 3384: 2640: 1786:and the realisation of the 1686:also by Joseph Wright. The 1057:List of dialects of English 10: 7230: 7123:English as a lingua franca 5224:Collins English Dictionary 5058:Shorrocks, Graham (1998). 4186:): former Cabinet members 4033:Gerry & The Pacemakers 3917:had Cockney accents, with 3557:Glottal reinforcement for 3487: 3483: 3476: 3458:The vowel in "goat" is an 3442:Glottal reinforcement for 3437:definite article reduction 3362:are often replaced with a 3316: 3283: 3175:on the end of words as in 3171:In most areas, the letter 3065: 2888: 2738: 2620: 2579:Survey of English Dialects 2549:In the nearby counties of 2483: 2327:is normally used before a 2304: 2298: 1695:Survey of English Dialects 1683:English Dialect Dictionary 1470:Survey of English Dialects 1214:, Graham Shorrocks wrote: 1162:are the three traditional 763:English as a lingua franca 7103:Broad and general accents 7085: 7038: 7013:regional and occupational 6993: 6980: 6973: 6885: 6846: 6794: 6772: 6712: 6644: 6509: 6498: 6443: 6425: 6398: 6370: 6333: 6310: 6249: 6211: 6134: 6125: 6114: 6105: 6054:For the Yorkshire dialect 5979:Partridge, A. C. (1969). 4258:. Presenter and Comedian 3183:is pronounced , like the 3144:palm, cart, start, tomato 1328:Southern American English 458:Abbots Bromley Horn Dance 214: 209: 184: 142: 68: 58: 48: 38: 33: 28: 23: 5885:Trudgill, Peter (1984). 5630:(8). University of Leeds 5544:10.1017/CBO9780511620782 5159:10.3389/fsoc.2022.902213 4840: 4570:: Ken Loach's 1977 film 4492:, and singer-songwriter 4015:: Liverpool footballers 3997:Davy Jones (The Monkees) 3987:, broadcaster/podcaster 3112:may be distinguished as 3068:Northern England English 2662:, passing just south of 2509:This region encompasses 1518:Most varieties have the 1460:, "hicicles" instead of 1229:Northern England English 6003:British National Corpus 5945:Wells, John C. (1992). 5754:Liberman, Mark (2006). 5619:Llamas, Carmen (2000). 4469:Last of the Summer Wine 4384:, the lead characters, 3836:have Leicester accents. 3550:and Northumberland see 3541:(for speakers from the 3533:(for speakers from the 3412:sound in words such as 1924:Central and Lower North 1674:English Dialect Grammar 1549:The consonant clusters 1423:Many varieties undergo 1332:Commonwealth of Nations 717:Part of a series on the 233:phonetic transcriptions 204:Unified English Braille 6281:Received Pronunciation 5827:McArthur, Tom (2002). 5714:Beal, Joan C. (2012). 5146:Frontiers in Sociology 4071:the Lancashire Hotpots 3762:: comedian and writer 2920:, sounding like "noo". 2808:or, emphatically, for 2594:, and more closely to 2411:Received Pronunciation 2370:In the south-west, an 1285:Received Pronunciation 1221: 1208: 1116:spoken and written in 1005:San Andrés–Providencia 737:English-speaking world 230:This article contains 6475:Multicultural Toronto 5866:Trask, Larry (1999). 5730:"The Queen's English" 4749:Christopher Eccleston 4618:: singer and actress 4608:and motorcycle racer 4439:Rita, Sue and Bob Too 4360:, lead vocalist with 4300:): the rock musician 4126:Christopher Eccleston 4059:, had Scouse accents. 4037:Echo and the Bunnymen 3993:Brian Cox (physicist) 3921:having the strongest. 3792:and singer and actor 3515:. Barrow grew on the 3425:baird, fairst, nairse 2891:East Midlands English 2741:West Midlands English 2602:of English spoken in 2486:West Country dialects 2351:: it is used in "comm 2185:Rural Norfolk/Suffolk 1756:Industrial Revolution 1324:New York City English 1320:South African English 1216: 1204: 835:Antiguan and Barbudan 7214:Languages of England 6636:Western Pennsylvania 5985:The Language Library 5868:Language: The Basics 5850:Peters, Pam (2004). 5600:on 29 September 2007 5341:on 27 September 2007 5031:Bernard Shaw, George 4825:Languages of England 4406:and ex-union leader 4356:. Singer-songwriter 3842:: old recordings by 3704:Stanford in the Vale 3625:improve this article 3015:Mixing of the words 2927:vowel of words like 2878:English–Welsh border 2756:Black Country accent 2696:accent much less so. 1891:Newcastle/Sunderland 1624:and as far south as 1494:distinction between 742:As a second language 619:World Heritage Sites 170:Early Modern English 7173:Mid-Atlantic accent 6764:Trinidad and Tobago 6041:on 5 December 2010. 5791:on 12 December 2017 5213:, pp. 104–106. 5201:, pp. 348–349. 4685:Auf Wiedersehen Pet 4378:: in the 1969 film 4287:One Man and His Dog 4238:The Vicar of Dibley 4206:, actor and singer 4051:. The British soap 3943:Janet Street Porter 3535:Newcastle upon Tyne 2827:The Birmingham and 2378:in RP; there is no 1609:(with the vowel of 1520:horse–hoarse merger 1316:New Zealand English 1200:George Bernard Shaw 150:Proto-Indo-European 6696:Pennsylvania Dutch 6015:, British Library 5760:Itre.cis.upenn.edu 5649:Robinson, Jonnie. 5592:Wood, Vic (2007). 5456:on 3 November 2012 5094:Alvarez, Lizette; 4934:English, a. and n. 4707:The programmes of 4526:Corinne Bailey Rae 4475:Wallace and Gromit 4316:for more examples. 4260:Justin Lee Collins 4069:. The comedy band 4039:. Also the singer 3852:the Rolling Stones 3802:Julie Hesmondhalgh 3524:North East England 3479:Lancashire dialect 3421:bird, first, nurse 3280:Liverpool (Scouse) 3251:present historical 2500:South West England 2480:South West England 2359:nd" but not in "br 2038:Manchester/Salford 1963:Central Lancashire 1792:Very few cars made 1772:Very few cars made 1312:Australian English 676:England portal 468:English folk music 371:Saint George's Day 267:Culture of England 95:North Sea Germanic 7196: 7195: 7081: 7080: 6881: 6880: 6790: 6789: 6708: 6707: 6704: 6703: 6629:Pacific Northwest 6490:Standard Canadian 6421: 6420: 6366: 6365: 6306: 6305: 5553:978-0-511-62078-2 5515:Missing or empty 5384:978-3-11-019718-1 5226:, 1979, page xxiv 4637:Coronation Street 4573:The Price of Coal 4521:Coronation Street 4404:Michael Parkinson 4395:Coronation Street 4202:, the footballer 3941:: the journalist 3815:Coronation Street 3772:: TV personality 3666:Margaret Thatcher 3657: 3656: 3649: 3505:Barrow-in-Furness 3325:Wuthering Heights 3319:Yorkshire dialect 2710:can become "wom". 2637:in FLEECE words. 2292: 2291: 1703:secondary schools 1485:for intervocalic 1166:on the island of 1139:The related term 1110: 1109: 783:Linguistic purism 768:European language 712: 711: 226: 225: 7221: 7093:English language 6978: 6977: 6799: 6798: 6782:Falkland Islands 6681:General American 6654:African-American 6507: 6506: 6441: 6440: 6430: 6429: 6132: 6131: 6123: 6122: 6112: 6111: 6083: 6076: 6069: 6060: 6059: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6034:. Archived from 6033: 5969: 5960: 5941: 5919: 5900: 5881: 5824: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5777: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5751: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5726: 5720: 5719: 5711: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5677: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5646: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5625: 5616: 5610: 5609: 5607: 5605: 5589: 5583: 5576: 5570: 5564: 5558: 5557: 5531: 5525: 5524: 5518: 5513: 5511: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5490:. Archived from 5484: 5478: 5472: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5446: 5440: 5439: 5431: 5425: 5419: 5413: 5407: 5401: 5395: 5389: 5388: 5370: 5364: 5357: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5340: 5333: 5324: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5308:. BBC News. 2005 5302: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5286:on 13 March 2009 5276: 5270: 5264: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5244: 5233: 5227: 5222:A. C. Gimson in 5220: 5214: 5208: 5202: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5179: 5161: 5137: 5131: 5125: 5119: 5117: 5109: 5103: 5092: 5086: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5047: 5045: 5027: 5021: 5014: 5008: 5007: 5001: 4993: 4973: 4967: 4957: 4951: 4945: 4939: 4938: 4929: 4912: 4909: 4903: 4900: 4894: 4891: 4885: 4882: 4876: 4873: 4867: 4864: 4858: 4851: 4814: 4809: 4808: 4800: 4795: 4794: 4793: 4692:men in Germany. 4642: 4512:Beverley Callard 4490:Reece Shearsmith 4450:Geoffrey Boycott 4256:Stephen Merchant 4228:Jayne Middlemiss 4057:Jennifer Ellison 3985:Dominic Monaghan 3981:Herman's Hermits 3935:characteristics. 3900: 3896: 3860:Stanley Holloway 3652: 3645: 3641: 3638: 3632: 3609: 3601: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3499:People from the 3490:Cumbrian dialect 3468: 3461: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3414:start, car, park 3411: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3297: 3205: 3197: 3166:American English 3151:dress, test, pet 3141: 3126: 3119: 3115: 3103: 3091: 3079: 3062:Northern England 3056: 3051:Northamptonshire 3028:Northamptonshire 3000:, influenced by 2919: 2852:Potteries accent 2636: 2455:Second World War 2377: 2373: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2295:Southern England 2261: 2179: 2146:Bristol/Plymouth 1960: 1878: 1872: 1866: 1859: 1852: 1846: 1839: 1833: 1827: 1821:Strongest centre 1818:'s accent region 1809: 1808: 1789: 1744:Northamptonshire 1660:Change over time 1619: 1608: 1604: 1597: 1590: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1514: 1501: 1497: 1488: 1372: 1360: 1356: 1351:foot–strut split 1291:when in public. 1289:Standard English 1270: 1258: 1254: 1237:foot–strut split 1225:Southern English 1190:General features 1176:Northern Ireland 1149:Scottish English 1114:English language 1102: 1095: 1088: 905:Falkland Islands 723:English language 714: 713: 704: 697: 690: 674: 673: 672: 478:Long Sword dance 386:Harvest Festival 381:Guy Fawkes Night 376:Commonwealth Day 316:Country clothing 278: 269: 262: 261: 252: 248: 219: 199:English alphabet 190: 74: 21: 20: 7229: 7228: 7224: 7223: 7222: 7220: 7219: 7218: 7199: 7198: 7197: 7192: 7077: 7034: 6989: 6969: 6877: 6873:Solomon Islands 6842: 6786: 6768: 6700: 6691:New York Latino 6666:American Indian 6646: 6640: 6501: 6494: 6435: 6417: 6403:Channel Islands 6394: 6362: 6329: 6302: 6245: 6207: 6117: 6101: 6087: 6043: 6038: 6031: 6027: 6017:Collect Britain 5994: 5976: 5974:Further reading 5966:Trudgill (1984) 5957: 5938: 5916: 5897: 5878: 5821: 5805: 5804: 5794: 5792: 5779: 5778: 5774: 5764: 5762: 5752: 5748: 5738: 5736: 5728: 5727: 5723: 5712: 5708: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5678: 5674: 5664: 5662: 5647: 5643: 5633: 5631: 5623: 5617: 5613: 5603: 5601: 5590: 5586: 5577: 5573: 5565: 5561: 5554: 5532: 5528: 5516: 5514: 5505: 5504: 5497: 5495: 5486: 5485: 5481: 5473: 5469: 5459: 5457: 5448: 5447: 5443: 5432: 5428: 5420: 5416: 5408: 5404: 5396: 5392: 5385: 5371: 5367: 5358: 5354: 5344: 5342: 5338: 5331: 5325: 5321: 5311: 5309: 5304: 5303: 5299: 5289: 5287: 5278: 5277: 5273: 5265: 5258: 5248: 5246: 5242: 5234: 5230: 5221: 5217: 5209: 5205: 5197: 5193: 5138: 5134: 5126: 5122: 5110: 5106: 5093: 5089: 5081: 5077: 5070: 5056: 5052: 5043: 5041: 5028: 5024: 5015: 5011: 4995: 4994: 4990: 4974: 4970: 4958: 4954: 4946: 4942: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4915: 4910: 4906: 4901: 4897: 4892: 4888: 4883: 4879: 4874: 4870: 4865: 4861: 4852: 4848: 4843: 4812:Language portal 4810: 4803: 4796: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4732:science fiction 4714:The Liver Birds 4701:The Likely Lads 4660: 4640: 4430:Kimberley Walsh 4408:Arthur Scargill 4400:Katherine Kelly 4344:, in the films 4284:, presenter of 4266:Gloucestershire 4248:Colin Pillinger 4194:MP, the actors 4170:The Futureheads 4156:Jonathan Wilkes 4150:, TV presenter 4148:Robbie Williams 4049:Ricky Tomlinson 4043:and the actors 4029:George Harrison 4021:Jamie Carragher 3989:Karl Pilkington 3806:Vicky Entwistle 3798:Michelle Holmes 3794:Bernard Wrigley 3754:Charlie Dimmock 3740:Americanization 3730:LukeIsNotSexy. 3653: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3622: 3610: 3599: 3526: 3496: 3488:Main articles: 3486: 3481: 3475: 3389:The accents of 3387: 3321: 3315: 3288: 3282: 3133:trap–bath split 3070: 3064: 2893: 2887: 2743: 2737: 2643: 2627:Norfolk dialect 2623: 2600:Cornish dialect 2588:Celtic language 2531:Gloucestershire 2488: 2482: 2404:London accent, 2380:trap–bath split 2321: 2311:Kentish dialect 2303: 2297: 2259: 2177: 1958: 1876: 1870: 1864: 1857: 1850: 1844: 1837: 1831: 1825: 1804:long stone hill 1787: 1784:trap–bath split 1764: 1662: 1418:Trap–bath split 1192: 1184:Hiberno-English 1141:British English 1130:English English 1122:British English 1106: 755:Advanced topics 708: 670: 668: 661: 660: 651:National anthem 636: 635: 624: 623: 614: 613: 602: 601: 547: 546: 535: 534: 505: 504: 493: 492: 453: 452: 450:performing arts 416: 415: 366: 365: 336: 335: 311: 310: 265: 260: 259: 258: 215: 202: 191: 186: 180: 145: 138: 115:British English 75: 72:Language family 70: 29:English English 17: 12: 11: 5: 7227: 7217: 7216: 7211: 7194: 7193: 7191: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7149: 7148: 7143: 7135: 7133:Englishisation 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7089: 7087: 7083: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7044: 7042: 7040:Southeast Asia 7036: 7035: 7033: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7016: 7015: 7005: 6999: 6997: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6987: 6981: 6975: 6971: 6970: 6968: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6955:South Atlantic 6952: 6951: 6950: 6945: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6889: 6887: 6883: 6882: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6864: 6863: 6853: 6847: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6819: 6818: 6807: 6805: 6796: 6792: 6791: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6784: 6779: 6773: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6745: 6744: 6737:Cayman Islands 6734: 6729: 6724: 6718: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6706: 6705: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6662: 6661: 6650: 6648: 6647:ethno-cultural 6642: 6641: 6639: 6638: 6633: 6632: 6631: 6626: 6616: 6615: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6584: 6583: 6582: 6572: 6571: 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5772: 5746: 5734:Phon.ucl.ac.uk 5721: 5706: 5692: 5672: 5641: 5611: 5584: 5571: 5569:, p. 351. 5559: 5552: 5526: 5494:on 24 May 2024 5479: 5467: 5441: 5426: 5414: 5402: 5400:, p. 352. 5390: 5383: 5365: 5352: 5319: 5297: 5271: 5269:, section 4.4. 5256: 5228: 5215: 5203: 5191: 5132: 5130:, p. 138. 5120: 5104: 5087: 5075: 5068: 5050: 5022: 5009: 4988: 4968: 4959:Tom McArthur, 4952: 4940: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4904: 4895: 4886: 4877: 4868: 4859: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4838: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4816: 4815: 4801: 4798:England portal 4785: 4782: 4761:Catherine Tate 4676:Ian La Frenais 4659: 4656: 4655: 4654: 4653: 4652: 4632:Reece Dinsdale 4613: 4595: 4592:Arctic Monkeys 4587:The Full Monty 4565: 4553: 4538:Angela Griffin 4497: 4479: 4472:and Sallis in 4453: 4443: 4411: 4367: 4366: 4365: 4335: 4317: 4306:Jasper Carrott 4275: 4274: 4273: 4263: 4231: 4210:, rock singer 4177: 4159: 4140:Stoke-on-Trent 4137: 4119: 4109: 4108: 4107: 4074: 4060: 4017:Steven Gerrard 4000: 3977:Noel Gallagher 3962: 3961: 3960: 3946: 3936: 3922: 3837: 3827: 3767: 3757: 3743: 3717: 3714:Jack O'Connell 3707: 3693: 3690:David Dimbleby 3655: 3654: 3613: 3611: 3604: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3593: 3589: 3570: 3555: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3520: 3485: 3482: 3477:Main article: 3474: 3471: 3456: 3455: 3454:can all occur. 3440: 3429: 3428: 3417: 3406: 3386: 3383: 3382: 3381: 3367: 3349: 3317:Main article: 3314: 3311: 3284:Main article: 3281: 3278: 3212: 3211: 3192: 3169: 3154: 3147: 3136: 3121: 3066:Main article: 3063: 3060: 3059: 3058: 3043: 3036:Leicestershire 3024: 3013: 2959: 2932: 2921: 2907: 2904: 2889:Main article: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2881: 2866:Worcestershire 2859: 2836:Stoke-on-Trent 2832: 2825: 2770: 2767:Ng-coalescence 2763: 2750:accents (see " 2739:Main article: 2736: 2733: 2732: 2731: 2725: 2711: 2697: 2686: 2667: 2642: 2639: 2622: 2619: 2608:Cornish people 2484:Main article: 2481: 2478: 2428: 2427: 2412: 2409: 2341:/kɑːst/,/bɑːθ/ 2315:Surrey dialect 2307:Sussex dialect 2299:Main article: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2227:Greater London 2225: 2222: 2215:London/Estuary 2211: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2171: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2063: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2027: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1952: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1927:Leeds/Bradford 1925: 1922: 1916: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1880: 1879: 1874: 1867: 1861: 1854: 1848: 1841: 1834: 1828: 1822: 1819: 1813: 1768:Peter Trudgill 1763: 1760: 1661: 1658: 1657: 1656: 1633: 1630:Watling Street 1599: 1578: 1547: 1516: 1490: 1479: 1421: 1374: 1369:homophones as 1347: 1191: 1188: 1180:Ulster English 1126:United Kingdom 1108: 1107: 1105: 1104: 1097: 1090: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1077: 1076: 1068: 1067: 1063: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1030:South Atlantic 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 822: 814: 813: 809: 808: 807: 806: 793: 792: 788: 787: 786: 785: 780: 775: 773:Modern English 770: 765: 757: 756: 752: 751: 750: 749: 744: 739: 731: 730: 726: 725: 719: 718: 710: 709: 707: 706: 699: 692: 684: 681: 680: 679: 678: 663: 662: 659: 658: 653: 648: 643: 637: 631: 630: 629: 626: 625: 622: 621: 615: 609: 608: 607: 604: 603: 600: 599: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 548: 542: 541: 540: 537: 536: 533: 532: 527: 522: 517: 512: 506: 500: 499: 498: 495: 494: 491: 490: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 454: 444: 443: 442: 439: 438: 432: 431: 425: 424: 418: 417: 414: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 367: 361: 360: 359: 356: 355: 349: 348: 338: 337: 334: 333: 328: 326:Morris Dancing 323: 318: 312: 306: 305: 304: 301: 300: 294: 293: 287: 286: 280: 279: 271: 270: 253:⟩, see 229: 228: 227: 224: 223: 220: 212: 211: 210:Language codes 207: 206: 192: 188:Writing system 185: 182: 181: 179: 178: 177: 176: 175: 174: 173: 172: 165:Middle English 155:Proto-Germanic 148: 146: 143: 140: 139: 137: 136: 135: 134: 133: 132: 131: 130: 129: 128: 127: 126: 125: 124: 123: 122: 78: 76: 69: 66: 65: 60: 56: 55: 50: 46: 45: 43:United Kingdom 40: 39:Native to 36: 35: 31: 30: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7226: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7206: 7204: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7153:International 7151: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7136: 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6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6643: 6637: 6634: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6621: 6620: 6617: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6588: 6585: 6581: 6578: 6577: 6576: 6573: 6569: 6568:North-Central 6566: 6564: 6561: 6560: 6559: 6556: 6552: 6549: 6548: 6547: 6546:New York City 6544: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6521: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6511: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6497: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6480:Ottawa Valley 6478: 6476: 6473: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6460: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6431: 6428: 6424: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6400: 6397: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6369: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6332: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6309: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6288: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6275: 6274:Multicultural 6272: 6270: 6267: 6266: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6248: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6234:Black Country 6232: 6230: 6227: 6226: 6225: 6224:West Midlands 6222: 6220: 6219:East Midlands 6217: 6216: 6214: 6210: 6204: 6201: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6178: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6155: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6104: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6084: 6079: 6077: 6072: 6070: 6065: 6064: 6061: 6055: 6052: 6049: 6046:. (Advocates 6044:(621 KB) 6037: 6030: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6007: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5995: 5986: 5983:, in series, 5982: 5978: 5977: 5967: 5962: 5958: 5956:0-521-28540-2 5952: 5948: 5943: 5939: 5937:0-521-28540-2 5933: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5915:0-340-80834-9 5911: 5907: 5902: 5898: 5896:0-521-28409-0 5892: 5888: 5883: 5879: 5877:0-415-20089-X 5873: 5869: 5864: 5861: 5860:0-521-62181-X 5857: 5853: 5849: 5846: 5845:0-19-860771-7 5842: 5838: 5837:0-19-866248-3 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5820:0-340-61445-5 5816: 5812: 5807: 5806: 5790: 5786: 5785:Breaking News 5782: 5776: 5761: 5757: 5750: 5735: 5731: 5725: 5717: 5710: 5695: 5689: 5685: 5684: 5676: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5645: 5629: 5622: 5615: 5599: 5595: 5588: 5581: 5575: 5568: 5563: 5555: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5530: 5522: 5509: 5493: 5489: 5483: 5477:, p. 65. 5476: 5471: 5455: 5451: 5445: 5437: 5430: 5424:, p. 58. 5423: 5418: 5412:, p. 62. 5411: 5406: 5399: 5394: 5386: 5380: 5376: 5369: 5362: 5356: 5337: 5330: 5323: 5307: 5301: 5285: 5281: 5275: 5268: 5263: 5261: 5241: 5240: 5232: 5225: 5219: 5212: 5207: 5200: 5195: 5187: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5136: 5129: 5124: 5115: 5108: 5101: 5097: 5091: 5084: 5079: 5071: 5069:3-631-33066-9 5065: 5061: 5054: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5026: 5019: 5013: 5005: 4999: 4991: 4989:9780415051026 4985: 4981: 4980: 4972: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4949: 4944: 4936: 4935: 4928: 4924: 4908: 4899: 4890: 4881: 4872: 4863: 4856: 4850: 4846: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4813: 4807: 4802: 4799: 4788: 4781: 4779: 4778: 4772: 4770: 4766: 4765:David Tennant 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4721: 4716: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4703: 4702: 4697: 4696: 4691: 4687: 4686: 4681: 4677: 4674:The shows of 4672: 4670: 4666: 4665: 4650: 4646: 4639: 4638: 4633: 4629: 4628:Claire Cooper 4625: 4621: 4620:Jane McDonald 4617: 4614: 4611: 4607: 4606:Graham Taylor 4603: 4599: 4596: 4593: 4590:and the band 4589: 4588: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4574: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4547: 4546:Leigh Francis 4543: 4539: 4535: 4534:Nell McAndrew 4531: 4530:Kaiser Chiefs 4527: 4523: 4522: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4504:Melanie Brown 4501: 4498: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4486:Tom Courtenay 4483: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4471: 4470: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4447: 4444: 4441: 4440: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4426:One Direction 4423: 4419: 4415: 4412: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4396: 4391: 4387: 4386:David Bradley 4383: 4382: 4377: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4354: 4349: 4348: 4343: 4339: 4336: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4320:Black Country 4318: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4302:Ozzy Osbourne 4299: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4288: 4283: 4279: 4278:West Midlands 4276: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4212:Brian Johnson 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4160: 4157: 4153: 4152:Anthea Turner 4149: 4145: 4144:The Potteries 4141: 4138: 4135: 4131: 4130:Happy Mondays 4127: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4113: 4110: 4105: 4104:Port Sunlight 4102: 4101:model village 4098: 4097:Dead or Alive 4094: 4091:, pop singer 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4075: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4045:Craig Charles 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3963: 3958: 3954: 3953:Sally Gunnell 3950: 3947: 3944: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3911: 3906: 3905: 3892: 3888: 3887:Michael Caine 3884: 3881:: the actors 3880: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3873:David Beckham 3871: 3867: 3866: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3848:Julie Andrews 3845: 3841: 3838: 3835: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3824:Jane Horrocks 3821: 3817: 3816: 3811: 3810:Julia Haworth 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3764:Robert Newman 3761: 3760:Hertfordshire 3758: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3737: 3736:Essex dialect 3733: 3732:Emma Blackery 3729: 3725: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3682:Boris Johnson 3679: 3678:David Cameron 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3658: 3651: 3648: 3640: 3630: 3626: 3620: 3619: 3614:This section 3612: 3608: 3603: 3602: 3590: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3578:Irish English 3575: 3571: 3556: 3553: 3549: 3548:County Durham 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3527: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3491: 3480: 3470: 3463: 3441: 3438: 3434: 3433: 3432: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3415: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3400: 3399: 3396: 3392: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3365: 3350: 3347: 3346: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3326: 3320: 3310: 3293: 3287: 3277: 3275: 3270: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3209: 3201: 3194:The phonemes 3193: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3152: 3149:The vowel in 3148: 3145: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3122: 3111: 3107: 3099: 3095: 3087: 3083: 3075: 3074: 3073: 3069: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2915: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2898: 2897:East Midlands 2895: 2894: 2892: 2885:East Midlands 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2864:and parts of 2863: 2862:Herefordshire 2860: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2830: 2826: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2768: 2764: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2735:West Midlands 2729: 2726: 2723: 2722:East Midlands 2720: 2716: 2715:Stanley Ellis 2712: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2694:East Midlands 2691: 2690:West Midlands 2687: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2644: 2638: 2631: 2628: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2586:, which is a 2585: 2581: 2580: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2563:Isle of Wight 2560: 2556: 2552: 2547: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2535:Herefordshire 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2507: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2487: 2477: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2462: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2410: 2408:in particular 2407: 2403: 2402: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2383: 2381: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2326: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2302: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2224:Home Counties 2223: 2220: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178:(traditional) 2176: 2173: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2103:East Midlands 2101: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2071:West Midlands 2070: 2068: 2065: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959:(traditional) 1957: 1954: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1881: 1875: 1868: 1862: 1855: 1849: 1842: 1835: 1829: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1696: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1684: 1679: 1678:Joseph Wright 1675: 1671: 1667: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1643:; the use of 1642: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1616: 1612: 1600: 1598:do not rhyme. 1594: 1587: 1583: 1582:bad–lad split 1579: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1548: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1491: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1427: 1422: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1368: 1364: 1352: 1348: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1308:syllable coda 1305: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1297: 1296:John C. Wells 1292: 1290: 1286: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1266: 1262: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1207: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1168:Great Britain 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1145:Welsh English 1142: 1137: 1135: 1134:Anglo-English 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1103: 1098: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1084: 1083: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1070: 1069: 1065: 1064: 1059: 1058: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1025:South African 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 817: 816: 815: 811: 810: 804: 800: 797: 796: 795: 794: 790: 789: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 760: 759: 758: 754: 753: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 734: 733: 732: 728: 727: 724: 721: 720: 716: 715: 705: 700: 698: 693: 691: 686: 685: 683: 682: 677: 667: 666: 665: 664: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 638: 634: 628: 627: 620: 617: 616: 612: 606: 605: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 549: 545: 539: 538: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 507: 503: 497: 496: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 473:Garland dance 471: 469: 466: 464: 463:Country dance 461: 459: 456: 455: 451: 447: 441: 440: 437: 434: 433: 430: 427: 426: 423: 420: 419: 412: 409: 407: 406:Plough Sunday 404: 402: 401:Plough Monday 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 368: 364: 358: 357: 354: 351: 350: 347: 343: 340: 339: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 313: 309: 303: 302: 299: 296: 295: 292: 289: 288: 285: 282: 281: 277: 273: 272: 268: 264: 263: 256: 244: 240: 238: 234: 221: 218: 213: 208: 205: 200: 196: 193: 189: 183: 171: 168: 167: 166: 163: 162: 161: 158: 157: 156: 153: 152: 151: 147: 141: 121: 120:Anglo-English 118: 117: 116: 113: 112: 111: 108: 107: 106: 103: 102: 101: 100:Anglo-Frisian 98: 97: 96: 93: 92: 91: 90:West Germanic 88: 87: 86: 83: 82: 81: 80:Indo-European 77: 73: 67: 64: 61: 57: 54: 51: 47: 44: 41: 37: 32: 27: 24:Anglo-English 22: 19: 6938:South Africa 6933:Sierra Leone 6686:Miami Latino 6575:Philadelphia 6563:Inland North 6468:Newfoundland 6286:West Country 6126: 6100:by continent 6047: 6036:the original 5984: 5980: 5946: 5927: 5905: 5886: 5867: 5851: 5828: 5810: 5793:. Retrieved 5789:the original 5784: 5775: 5763:. Retrieved 5759: 5749: 5737:. Retrieved 5733: 5724: 5715: 5709: 5697:. Retrieved 5682: 5675: 5663:. Retrieved 5654: 5644: 5634:12 September 5632:. Retrieved 5627: 5614: 5604:12 September 5602:. Retrieved 5598:the original 5587: 5579: 5578:K.M. Petyt, 5574: 5567:Wells (1982) 5562: 5535: 5529: 5517:|title= 5496:. Retrieved 5492:the original 5482: 5470: 5458:. Retrieved 5454:the original 5444: 5435: 5429: 5422:Wells (1984) 5417: 5410:Wells (1984) 5405: 5398:Wells (1982) 5393: 5374: 5368: 5360: 5355: 5345:12 September 5343:. Retrieved 5336:the original 5322: 5312:12 September 5310:. Retrieved 5300: 5290:12 September 5288:. Retrieved 5284:the original 5274: 5267:Wells (1982) 5247:. Retrieved 5238: 5231: 5223: 5218: 5211:Trask (1999) 5206: 5199:Wells (1992) 5194: 5149: 5145: 5135: 5123: 5113: 5107: 5090: 5078: 5059: 5053: 5042:, retrieved 5038: 5025: 5017: 5012: 4978: 4971: 4960: 4955: 4950:, p. 2. 4943: 4933: 4927: 4907: 4898: 4889: 4880: 4871: 4862: 4854: 4849: 4775: 4773: 4769:Tenth Doctor 4757:Billie Piper 4735: 4729: 4718: 4712: 4706: 4699: 4693: 4683: 4680:Dick Clement 4673: 4662: 4661: 4635: 4598:South Humber 4585: 4571: 4561:Little Voice 4559: 4542:Chris Moyles 4519: 4516:Liz McDonald 4473: 4467: 4460:Peter Sallis 4456:Holme Valley 4448:: cricketer 4437: 4418:Gareth Gates 4393: 4379: 4362:The Specials 4351: 4345: 4340:: the actor 4285: 4282:Phil Drabble 4246:: Professor 4234:West Country 4204:Alan Shearer 4196:Robson Green 4188:Alan Milburn 4174:Chris Waddle 4099:is from the 4081:Paul O'Grady 4067:Johnny Vegas 3991:, physicist 3955:, the model 3933:social class 3908: 3902: 3891:Ray Winstone 3865:My Fair Lady 3863: 3844:Petula Clark 3813: 3662:Elizabeth II 3643: 3634: 3623:Please help 3618:verification 3615: 3581: 3517:shipbuilding 3464: 3457: 3430: 3424: 3420: 3413: 3402: 3388: 3374: 3370: 3364:glottal stop 3323: 3322: 3292:Irish people 3289: 3271: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3248: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3213: 3207: 3199: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3161: 3157: 3150: 3143: 3128: 3109: 3105: 3097: 3093: 3085: 3081: 3071: 3049:in northern 3045:The town of 3020: 3016: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2962:Lincolnshire 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2928: 2924: 2913: 2910:Yod-dropping 2874:Welsh accent 2847: 2843: 2839: 2838:, the short 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2788:(related to 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2765:There is no 2759: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2651: 2632: 2624: 2577: 2575: 2570: 2567:urbanisation 2548: 2544:Anglo-Saxons 2508: 2504:West Country 2489: 2463: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2432:social class 2429: 2424:East Anglian 2416:West Country 2399: 2384: 2369: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2355:nd" and "dem 2352: 2345:/kæst/,/bæθ/ 2343:rather than 2322: 2175:East Anglian 2139:West Country 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1765: 1700: 1692: 1688:Dialect Test 1681: 1673: 1665: 1663: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1610: 1592: 1585: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1546:differently. 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1508: 1504: 1483:glottal stop 1473: 1466:hypercorrect 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1446:A. C. Gimson 1441:My Fair Lady 1439: 1435: 1431: 1425: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1366: 1362: 1336:West Country 1293: 1281: 1276: 1272: 1264: 1260: 1247:and then to 1222: 1217: 1209: 1205: 1202:'s comment: 1196:social class 1193: 1153: 1140: 1138: 1133: 1129: 1111: 1054: 1015:Sierra Leone 899: 646:Coat of arms 597:Table tennis 567:Field hockey 488:Mummers play 483:Morris dance 297: 249:and ⟨ 231: 119: 18: 7063:Philippines 6856:New Zealand 6742:Bay Islands 6722:The Bahamas 6645:Social and 6602:New Orleans 6519:New England 6413:Isle of Man 6358:Port Talbot 6259:East Anglia 6176:Northumbria 6050:spellings.) 5655:Blogs.bl.uk 5249:24 November 4777:Rock School 4664:The Archers 4647:, the band 4645:Helen Worth 4584:, the film 4580:, the band 4556:Scarborough 4550:Keith Lemon 4544:, Comedian 4540:, Radio DJ 4528:, the band 4508:Spice Girls 4494:Paul Heaton 4434:Girls Aloud 4353:King Arthur 4332:Rob Halford 4310:Rob Halford 4272:, ruralist. 4220:Ant and Dec 4146:: pop star 4085:Lily Savage 4065:: Comedian 4041:Cilla Black 4025:The Beatles 3995:, musician 3957:Katie Price 3939:West London 3929:Guy Ritchie 3919:Steve Jones 3915:Sex Pistols 3883:Bob Hoskins 3832:: The band 3786:BBC Radio 1 3782:Danny Jones 3776:, comedian 3774:Fred Dibnah 3750:John Arlott 3686:John Cleese 3674:Noël Coward 3509:Strathclyde 3435:Absence of 3269:up there." 3160:" vowel of 3156:The "short 3040:Oxfordshire 2754:") and the 2590:related to 2555:Oxfordshire 2182:East Anglia 1812:Accent name 1715:agriculture 1338:, parts of 1255:split into 985:New Zealand 880:Cameroonian 855:Bay Islands 850:Bangladeshi 582:Lawn tennis 160:Old English 144:Early forms 7203:Categories 7003:Bangladesh 6995:South Asia 6948:Cape Flats 6898:The Gambia 6823:Aboriginal 6659:vernacular 6624:California 6597:High Tider 6592:Appalachia 6453:Aboriginal 6385:South-West 6229:Birmingham 6186:Sunderland 6171:Manchester 6161:Lancashire 5847:paperback. 5839:hardback, 5693:0748641521 5152:: 902213. 4982:. London. 4919:References 4737:Doctor Who 4734:programme 4709:Carla Lane 4610:Guy Martin 4536:, actress 4514:who plays 4422:Zayn Malik 4416:: singers 4358:Terry Hall 4342:Clive Owen 4294:Birmingham 4270:Laurie Lee 4208:Jimmy Nail 4192:Nick Brown 4162:Sunderland 4116:Carl Froch 4112:Nottingham 4093:Pete Burns 4089:Birkenhead 4077:The Wirral 4003:Merseyside 3965:Manchester 3951:: athlete 3927:: used by 3870:footballer 3822:. Actress 3790:Vernon Kay 3770:Lancashire 3543:Sunderland 3473:Lancashire 3405:-dropping. 3348:H-dropping 2970:Scunthorpe 2870:Shropshire 2748:Birmingham 2664:Birmingham 2656:Shropshire 2650:, so that 2453:After the 2363:nd" or "gr 2305:See also: 2074:Birmingham 2031:Manchester 1999:Merseyside 1966:Rossendale 1956:Lancashire 1752:South Asia 1736:Lancashire 1680:, and the 1670:A.J. 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