4667:
1900:. While the precise definitions and requirements of proof vary among jurisdictions, the requisite elements of fraud as a tort generally are the intentional misrepresentation or concealment of an important fact upon which the victim is meant to rely, and in fact does rely, to the harm of the victim. Proving fraud in a court of law is often said to be difficult as the intention to defraud is the key element in question. As such, proving fraud comes with a "greater evidentiary burden than other civil claims". This difficulty is exacerbated by the fact that some jurisdictions require the victim to prove fraud by
4436:
2090:
2746:
4478:
4604:
3187:
2935:
4226:
2275:(ONS) stated "Almost six million fraud and cyber crimes were committed last year in England and Wales and estimated there were two million computer misuse offences and 3.8 million fraud offences in the 12 months to the end of March 2016." Fraud affects one in ten people in the UK. According to the ONS, most fraud relates to bank account fraud. These figures are separate from the headline estimate that another 6.3 million crimes (distinct from fraud) were perpetrated in the UK against adults in the year to March 2016.
2998:
4541:
2851:
2704:
5851:
3124:
2268:, Adrian Leppard, has said, only 1 in 12 such crimes are actually reported. Donald Toon, director of the NCA's economic crime command, stated in July 2016: "The annual losses to the UK from fraud are estimated to be more than £190bn". Figures released in October 2015 from the Crime Survey of England and Wales found that there had been 5.1 million incidents of fraud in England and Wales in the previous year, affecting an estimated one in 12 adults and making it the most common form of crime.
3953:
4625:
3722:
9168:
6522:
9177:
9024:
1797:
4247:
3974:
3229:
2809:
4163:
9038:
7015:
3890:
3659:
3061:
2788:
3764:
4415:
4037:
3743:
1963:). The elements of fraud as a crime similarly vary. The requisite elements of perhaps the most general form of criminal fraud, theft by false pretense, are the intentional deception of a victim by false representation or pretense with the intent of persuading the victim to part with property and with the victim parting with property in reliance on the representation or pretense and with the perpetrator intending to keep the property from the victim.
4331:
3491:
3407:
2830:
4373:
4268:
4079:
3869:
3166:
2977:
2956:
4520:
4352:
4142:
3040:
3302:
4583:
3932:
3512:
3470:
3449:
3386:
3208:
3082:
2914:
2893:
2725:
4646:
4289:
4184:
3911:
3701:
3281:
3145:
2767:
2683:
2662:
4562:
4310:
3848:
3680:
3596:
3533:
3428:
3103:
2872:
4058:
3995:
3827:
3638:
3365:
3261:
3250:
51:
4499:
3806:
3785:
3617:
3019:
1841:
3344:
4016:
4100:
4457:
4121:
4205:
3323:
3554:
4394:
3575:
1972:
2539:, meaning that it is more likely than not that the fraud occurred. Some jurisdictions impose a higher evidentiary standard, such as Washington State's requirement that the elements of fraud be proved with clear, cogent, and convincing evidence (very probable evidence), or Pennsylvania's requirement that common law fraud be proved by clear and convincing evidence.
1875:(e.g., a fraud perpetrator may be prosecuted and imprisoned by governmental authorities), or it may cause no loss of money, property, or legal right but still be an element of another civil or criminal wrong. The purpose of fraud may be monetary gain or other benefits, for example by obtaining a passport, travel document, or driver's license, or
2501:. Throughout the United States fraud charges can be misdemeanours or felonies depending on the amount of loss involved. High value fraud can also trigger additional penalties. For example, in California, losses of $ 500,000 or more will result in an extra two, three, or five years in prison in addition to the regular penalty for the fraud.
2256:(FAP), business fraud accounted for £144bn, while fraud against individuals was estimated at £9.7bn. The FAP has been particularly critical of the support available from the police to victims of fraud in the UK outside of London. Although victims of fraud are generally referred to the UK's national fraud and cyber crime reporting centre,
1987:, and counterfeiting are types of fraud involved in physical duplication or fabrication. The "theft" of one's personal information or identity, like one finding out another's social security number and then using it as identification, is a type of fraud. Fraud can be committed through and across many media including
2297:
in
January 2011 concerned with "Tackling Internal Fraud", concerned that economic pressures and potential staff redundancies at the time might lead those staff who "might be tempted" to commit fraud to make more of any opportunity which might arise, noting a possible shift in the balance between "the
2197:
in 2011, for cases of fraud involving public or private property with a value ranging from 3,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan, from 30,000 yuan to 500,000 yuan, and over 500,000 yuan, they should be respectively deemed as "relatively large amount," "large amount," and "particularly large amount" as stipulated
2134:
estimated that the typical organization loses five percent of its annual revenue to fraud, with a median loss of $ 160,000. Fraud committed by owners and executives were more than nine times as costly as employee fraud. The industries most commonly affected are banking, manufacturing, and government.
2504:
The U.S. government's 2006 fraud review concluded that fraud is a significantly under-reported crime, and while various agencies and organizations were attempting to tackle the issue, greater co-operation was needed to achieve a real impact in the public sector. The scale of the problem pointed to
2390:
is a
British fraud prevention service, a not-for-profit membership organization for all sectors that enables organizations to share and access fraud data using their databases. Cifas is dedicated to the prevention of fraud, including internal fraud by staff, and the identification of financial and
2338:
The Act gives a statutory definition of the criminal offence of fraud, defining it in three classes—fraud by false representation, fraud by failing to disclose information, and fraud by abuse of position. It provides that a person found guilty of fraud is liable to a fine or imprisonment for up to
2244:
As at
November 2017, fraud is the most common criminal offence in the UK according to a study by Crowe Clark Whitehill, Experian and the Centre for Counter Fraud Studies. The study suggests the UK loses over £190 billion per year to fraud. £190 billion is more than 9% of the UK's projected GDP for
2240:
reported that the value of UK fraud hit a 15-year high of £2.11bn in 2017, according to a study. The article said that the accountancy firm BDO examined reported fraud cases worth more than £50,000 and found that the total number rose to 577 in 2017, compared with 212 in 2003. The study found that
1887:
Fraud can be defined as either a civil wrong or a criminal act. For civil fraud, a government agency or person or entity harmed by fraud may bring litigation to stop the fraud, seek monetary damages, or both. For criminal fraud, a person may be prosecuted for the fraud and potentially face fines,
2108:
Using computer-based analytic methods in particular allows for surfacing of errors, anomalies, inefficiencies, irregularities, and biases which often refer to fraudsters gravitating to certain dollar amounts to get past internal control thresholds. These high-level tests include tests related to
2447:
In addition to the penalties outlined above, the court can also issue a prohibition order under s. 380.2 (preventing a person from "seeking, obtaining or continuing any employment, or becoming or being a volunteer in any capacity, that involves having authority over the real property, money or
2282:
in 2016. Michael Levi, professor of criminology at
Cardiff University, remarked in August 2016 that it was "deeply regrettable" that fraud was being left out of the first index despite being the most common crime reported to police in the UK. Levi said "If you've got some categories that are
2172:
Those who commit fraud involving a "relatively large amount" of public or private property shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, or injunction control with community correction, and may additionally or solely be
6150:
2287:(NAO), Sir Anyas Morse has also said "For too long, as a low-value but high-volume crime, online fraud has been overlooked by government, law enforcement and industry. It is now the most commonly experienced crime in England and Wales and demands an urgent response."
2427:. (1) Every one who, by deceit, falsehood or other fraudulent means, whether or not it is a false pretence within the meaning of this Act, defrauds the public or any person, whether ascertained or not, of any property, money or valuable security or any service,
2431:(a) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to a term of imprisonment not exceeding fourteen years, where the subject-matter of the offence is a testamentary instrument or the value of the subject-matter of the offence exceeds five thousand dollars; or
6077:
If the pattern of related felony conduct involves the taking of, or results in the loss by another person or entity of, more than five hundred thousand dollars ($ 500,000), the additional term of punishment shall be two, three, or five years in the state
2063:, which ultimately never arrive, is a type of fraud, known as commodities fraud. Alternatively, the term can relate to: the failure of registering in an exchange; the act of deliberately providing falsified information to clients; the action of executing
2180:
If the amount involved is "particularly large" or there are other particularly serious circumstances, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of over ten years or life imprisonment and shall also be fined or have their property
2617:
relating to the offering and sale of securities and corporate reporting. The SEC was given the power to license and regulate stock exchanges, the companies whose securities traded on them, and the brokers and dealers who conducted the trading.
5160:
2263:
In July 2016, it was reported that fraudulent activity levels in the UK increased in the 10 years leading up to 2016 from £52 billion to £193 bn. This figure would be a conservative estimate, since as the former commissioner of the
2298:
reward from fraud" and the risk of detection. An aspect of the guidance was to equip staff to look out for "fraud indicators": clues or hints that an individual member of staff, team or area of activity might need "a closer look".
6142:
2403:, fraud is covered under the common law and a number of statutory offences. The main fraud offences are common law fraud, uttering, embezzlement, and statutory fraud. The Fraud Act 2006 does not apply in Scotland.
2014:
Given the international nature of the web and ease with which users can hide their location, obstacles to checking identity and legitimacy online, and the variety of hacker techniques available to gain access to
2113:
and possibly also those statistics known as descriptive statistics. High-level tests are always followed by more focused tests to look for small samples of highly irregular transactions. The familiar methods of
5524:
2176:
If the amount involved is "large" or there are other serious circumstances, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years and shall also be
5193:
1950:
In common law jurisdictions, as a criminal offense, fraud takes many different forms, some general (e.g., theft by false pretense) and some specific to particular categories of victims or misconduct (e.g.,
5825:
2019:
have all contributed to the very rapid growth of
Internet fraud. In some countries, tax fraud is also prosecuted under false billing or tax forgery. There have also been fraudulent "discoveries", e.g.,
2590:
to protect the public from fraud. Though the specific provisions of these laws varied among states, they all required the registration of all securities offerings and sales, as well as of every U.S.
2513:
Although elements may vary by jurisdiction and the specific allegations made by a plaintiff who files a lawsuit that alleged fraud, typical elements of a fraud case in the United States are that:
5735:
5149:
2260:, the FAP found that there was "little chance" that these crime reports would be followed up with any kind of substantive law enforcement action by UK authorities, according to the report.
5438:
5982:
2546:
The "benefit of bargain" rule, which allows for recovery of damages in the amount of the difference between the value of the property had it been as represented and its actual value;
5883:
5525:中华人民共和国最高人民法院 中华人民共和国最高人民检察院 The Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China and the Supreme People's Procuratorate of the People's Republic of China (1 March 2011).
6064:
5702:
5671:
2535:
To establish a civil claim of fraud, most jurisdictions in the United States require that each element of a fraud claim be pleaded with particularity and be proved by a
5185:
2549:
Out-of-pocket loss, which allows for the recovery of damages in the amount of the difference between the value of what was given and the value of what was received.
2497:
The proof requirements for criminal fraud charges in the United States are essentially the same as the requirements for other crimes: guilt must be proved beyond a
2457:
A prohibited act of deceit, falsehood or other fraudulent means. In the absence of deceit or falsehood, the courts will look objectively for a "dishonest act"; and
5126:
2347:. This Act largely replaces the laws relating to obtaining property by deception, obtaining a pecuniary advantage and other offences that were created under the
5817:
7051:
5069:
2470:
has held that deprivation is satisfied on proof of detriment, prejudice or risk of prejudice; it is not essential that there be actual loss. Deprivation of
7802:
5636:
5356:
5408:
4961:
4717:
which criminalizes false representation of having been awarded any decoration or medal authorized by
Congress for the Armed Forces of the United States
5503:
5534:
2154:
6476:
5727:
2579:
Beyond legislation directed at preventing or punishing fraud, some governmental and non-governmental organizations engage in anti-fraud efforts.
2440:(ii) of an offence punishable on summary conviction, where the value of the subject-matter of the offence does not exceed five thousand dollars.
6339:
5933:
5095:
6552:
6369:
5445:
6094:
5993:
5612:
2084:
1080:
1911:(i.e., reversal) of a fraudulently obtained agreement or transaction, the recovery of a monetary award to compensate for the harm caused,
5959:
5873:
5219:
2460:
The deprivation must be caused by the prohibited act, and deprivation must relate to property, money, valuable security, or any service.
2185:
According to the "Interpretation on
Several Issues Concerning the Specific Application of the Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Fraud" (
2031:
is a distinct concept that involves deliberate deception without the intention of gain or of materially damaging or depriving a victim.
6481:
6056:
1220:
5693:
2039:
Internal fraud, also known as "insider fraud", is fraud committed or attempted by someone within an organisation such as an employee.
7044:
4915:
6539:
6466:
5043:
9090:
9005:
7815:
5663:
5474:
2637:
2131:
2640:
is shown below for the last available year. Definitions of fraud and fraction of unreported fraud might differ for each country,.
6253:
5003:
2606:
5385:
6283:
5915:
2374:
2284:
1155:
1012:
6491:
6202:
2370:
2360:
7037:
2487:
5470:
7691:
6868:
5186:"The Equitable Remedy of Rescission: A Tool to Defeat Fraud - Insurance Law - Insurance Law - LexisNexis® Legal Newsroom"
5859:
2249:.) The estimate for fraud in the UK figure is more than the entire GDP of countries such as Romania, Qatar and Hungary.
2097:
The detection of fraudulent activities on a large scale is possible with the harvesting of massive amounts of financial
6508:
6461:
6429:
4848:
4710:
1827:
5118:
8431:
7989:
7888:
6446:
2194:
9767:
9689:
8545:
8414:
5795:
5765:
5564:
4441:
2016:
648:
412:
2531:
The other person suffers injury as a result of the act or forbearance taken in reliance upon the misrepresentation
2505:
the need for a small but high-powered body to bring together the numerous counter-fraud initiatives that existed.
9000:
8347:
8248:
7820:
7756:
7681:
6579:
6543:
5989:
5590:
4790:
1546:
8507:
8141:
7260:
6652:
6309:
2598:
2478:
or copyrighted material that has commercial value, has also been held to fall within the scope of the offence.
2279:
2272:
1478:
884:
137:
5640:
5352:
7860:
7701:
7496:
7110:
5065:
2536:
1901:
894:
9762:
5416:
1871:(e.g., a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrator to avoid the fraud or recover monetary compensation) or
407:
9083:
8667:
8146:
7385:
7200:
5495:
5008:
4853:
2102:
1336:
969:
878:
9885:
9870:
6526:
5526:
1369:
8662:
7250:
2307:
revealed that the majority of fraud in the United
Kingdom was perpetrated from industrial-scale scamming
1552:
9452:
9193:
8637:
8136:
7746:
7736:
7706:
7461:
7345:
4692:
2586:
status. These laws were enacted and enforced at the state level and regulated the offering and sale of
1326:
1005:
568:
216:
17:
9930:
8720:
7797:
7776:
7721:
7215:
6025:
2190:
1908:
1641:
1490:
862:
6172:
5929:
9925:
8515:
8497:
7771:
7576:
7365:
6499:
6117:
6044:
5091:
4879:
2471:
2381:
1674:
1658:
1225:
1185:
909:
132:
8849:
5621:
9567:
9076:
8890:
8677:
8166:
8151:
7741:
7596:
7425:
6361:
6331:
6090:
6040:
6021:
5855:
5850:
5289:"Tax Fraud and the Problem of a Constitutionality Acceptable Definition of Religion". BJ Casino.
4821:
2467:
2437:(i) of an indictable offence and is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or
1539:
1364:
1331:
727:
9875:
9679:
9669:
9292:
9167:
8945:
8930:
7671:
7435:
7400:
7375:
7255:
7220:
7155:
7008:
6812:
6709:
4705:
2940:
2417:
1939:
1868:
1820:
1735:
1557:
1468:
1311:
1256:
1160:
1055:
899:
638:
628:
314:
163:
112:
65:
31:
5955:
2384:(NFA) was, until 2014, a government agency coordinating the counter-fraud response in the UK.
1867:
to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive a victim of a legal right. Fraud can violate
9664:
9427:
9049:
8642:
8320:
8131:
7827:
7638:
7235:
7225:
6980:
6956:
5215:
4977:
4806:
4231:
2602:
2265:
2021:
1695:
1669:
1588:
1473:
1435:
1230:
1190:
1177:
998:
919:
623:
543:
6276:"Speech by SEC Staff: remarks at the F. Hodge O'Neal Corporate and securities Law symposium"
6173:"Boehm v. Riversource Life Insurance Co., 2015 PA Super 120, 117 A.3d 308 (Pa. Super. 2015)"
2448:
valuable security of another person"). It can also make a restitution order under s. 380.3.
2105:
or forensic analytics, the use of electronic data to reconstruct or detect financial fraud.
9757:
9674:
9659:
9553:
8770:
8116:
7711:
7531:
7521:
7390:
6622:
4992:
4941:
4936:
4750:
4701:
that may or may not include the elements of personal gain or damage to another individual:
4609:
2253:
2119:
1931:
1167:
1107:
713:
633:
618:
402:
1879:, where the perpetrator may attempt to qualify for a mortgage by way of false statements.
8:
9847:
9223:
9111:
8925:
8065:
7982:
7792:
7466:
7440:
7405:
7330:
7265:
7190:
6951:
6719:
6572:
6418:
5243:"How cybercriminal communities grow and change: An investigation of ad-fraud communities"
4987:
4900:
4864:
4816:
4760:
4546:
3517:
2709:
2594:
and brokerage firm. However, these Blue Sky laws were generally found to be ineffective.
2215:
2089:
1992:
1988:
1976:
1532:
1526:
1485:
1422:
1245:
1046:
857:
245:
197:
127:
117:
2283:
excluded, they are automatically left out of the police's priorities." The Chief of the
9915:
9772:
9752:
9717:
9707:
9327:
9308:
9238:
9147:
8740:
8399:
8253:
8238:
8216:
7960:
7940:
7893:
7883:
7766:
7661:
7601:
7180:
7175:
6995:
6714:
6245:
6226:"Contracts: Damages: Punitive Damages Awarded for Breach Accompanied by Fraudulent Act"
5910:
5531:中华人民共和国最高人民法院公报 Gazette of the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China
5272:
5013:
4946:
4745:
4042:
3192:
2587:
2340:
2294:
1927:
1775:
1662:
1593:
1562:
1453:
1417:
1393:
1349:
1132:
1074:
961:
778:
768:
417:
397:
349:
330:
260:
157:
5818:"Online fraud costs public billions but is still not a police priority, says watchdog"
5039:
2165:) refers to the "criminal act of deceiving and obtaining public or private property."
9920:
9777:
9613:
9268:
9233:
8725:
8647:
8485:
8228:
8223:
8176:
8101:
8095:
7935:
7853:
7807:
7516:
7415:
7280:
6803:
6682:
6504:
6487:
6457:
6442:
6425:
6225:
5377:
5334:
5326:
5276:
5264:
4842:
2561:
2518:
2320:
2303:
2207:
1813:
1720:
1715:
1705:
1700:
1516:
1495:
1359:
1305:
1292:
1240:
1200:
940:
914:
799:
422:
290:
255:
6275:
9833:
9539:
9477:
9374:
8730:
8697:
8196:
8060:
8055:
8020:
7666:
7628:
7556:
7491:
7420:
7410:
7370:
7300:
7240:
7140:
7125:
7120:
7115:
6842:
6837:
6793:
6788:
6771:
6632:
6613:
6608:
6237:
5316:
5259:
5254:
5242:
4910:
4905:
4895:
4826:
4811:
4796:
4785:
4755:
2627:
2614:
2568:
2542:
The measure of damages in fraud cases is normally computed using one of two rules:
2498:
2324:
2231:
In 2016, the estimated value lost through fraud in the UK was £193 billion a year.
2110:
1912:
1845:
1730:
1710:
1583:
1511:
1463:
1412:
1345:
1287:
1195:
1172:
1114:
1102:
889:
847:
842:
699:
593:
488:
183:
6394:
6198:
2451:
The
Canadian courts have held that the offence consists of two distinct elements:
2241:
the average amount stolen in each incident rose to £3.66m, up from £1.5m in 2003.
9910:
9807:
9733:
9409:
9315:
9213:
9142:
8979:
8952:
8940:
8920:
8854:
8832:
8812:
8807:
8787:
8652:
8632:
8627:
8530:
8490:
8201:
8126:
8050:
8035:
7955:
7726:
7696:
7623:
7606:
7471:
7275:
7135:
6873:
6817:
6807:
6755:
6745:
6687:
6667:
5905:
5360:
5018:
4920:
4874:
4775:
4728:
4714:
2557:
2553:
2236:
1956:
1919:
1725:
1387:
1316:
1299:
833:
523:
452:
378:
337:
235:
173:
103:
88:
9905:
9817:
9812:
9782:
9604:
9298:
9152:
9056:
8864:
8782:
8371:
8337:
8288:
8273:
8045:
7950:
7930:
7920:
7648:
7633:
7450:
7355:
7335:
7270:
7018:
6946:
6904:
6878:
6832:
6699:
6672:
6657:
6647:
6565:
5478:
4997:
4885:
4831:
3129:
2348:
2328:
2047:
The illegal act of obtaining (or the attempt of obtaining) a certain amount of
2008:
2004:
1876:
1765:
1521:
1403:
1321:
1123:
1069:
1064:
945:
903:
462:
457:
427:
320:
7029:
9899:
9549:
9447:
9253:
9203:
8910:
8869:
8755:
8735:
8707:
8657:
8622:
8596:
8591:
8584:
8535:
8475:
8315:
8305:
8263:
8186:
8181:
8111:
8070:
7994:
7761:
7731:
7561:
7360:
7325:
7310:
7165:
7145:
7077:
6936:
6909:
6888:
6822:
6750:
6603:
5330:
5268:
4982:
4836:
4765:
4630:
3727:
2522:
2098:
1605:
709:
563:
275:
225:
27:
Intentional deception made for personal gain or to damage another individual
9857:
9792:
9399:
9288:
9273:
9042:
8792:
8760:
8715:
8453:
8448:
8419:
8332:
8310:
8278:
8211:
8191:
8085:
8025:
8015:
7967:
7925:
7903:
7846:
7751:
7716:
7653:
7591:
7586:
7571:
7541:
7486:
7430:
7340:
7290:
7185:
7150:
6968:
6798:
6776:
6724:
6704:
6642:
5338:
4956:
4869:
4780:
4672:
2610:
2583:
2475:
2332:
2257:
1923:
1872:
1861:
1783:
1770:
1760:
1679:
1265:
950:
513:
437:
310:
295:
207:
58:
38:
9880:
6477:
The Nature, Extent and
Economic Impact of Fraud in the UK. February, 2007.
2024:, where the appetite is for prestige rather than immediate monetary gain.
9561:
9557:
9467:
9218:
9132:
8964:
8905:
8895:
8692:
8687:
8525:
8426:
8342:
8301:
8268:
8233:
8156:
8080:
8030:
7945:
7676:
7618:
7536:
7526:
7506:
7481:
7395:
7320:
7315:
7305:
7295:
7205:
7130:
7092:
6990:
6926:
6919:
6914:
6852:
6677:
6627:
6548:
5787:
5757:
5321:
5304:
5092:"California Civil Jury Instructions: 1900. Intentional Misrepresentation"
4733:
4483:
4252:
4168:
3979:
3958:
3234:
2814:
2591:
2308:
2290:
2115:
1996:
1636:
1235:
1150:
965:
721:
717:
583:
240:
169:
93:
6521:
5556:
9852:
9638:
9519:
9514:
9394:
9278:
9258:
9248:
9228:
9182:
9157:
9127:
9028:
8957:
8837:
8775:
8520:
8441:
8436:
8394:
8376:
8364:
8325:
8171:
8161:
8121:
8106:
8090:
8040:
7977:
7972:
7613:
7566:
7511:
7501:
7476:
7350:
7285:
7210:
7170:
7160:
6973:
6883:
6827:
6783:
6729:
6637:
6618:
6435:
6249:
5586:
3895:
3769:
3664:
3066:
2793:
2633:
2609:(SEC). The main reason for the creation of the SEC was to regulate the
2344:
1952:
1801:
1745:
1648:
1600:
1270:
1211:
1137:
1029:
986:
872:
824:
679:
674:
508:
300:
280:
270:
250:
202:
122:
75:
6847:
5728:"Report highlights 'same failings' in fight against fraud 10 years on"
5637:"Fraud costs the UK economy £190bn as incidents soar | City A.M."
5216:"California Criminal Jury Instructions: 1804. Theft By False Pretense"
4697:
Apart from fraud, there are several related categories of intentional
2373:
is an arm of the Government of the United Kingdom, accountable to the
9822:
9802:
9787:
9722:
9628:
9623:
9592:
9582:
9544:
9482:
9462:
9404:
9379:
8935:
8900:
8842:
8817:
8682:
8579:
8567:
8552:
8540:
8468:
8386:
8359:
8243:
7195:
6662:
5878:
4770:
4738:
4698:
4420:
4336:
3748:
3496:
3412:
2751:
2400:
1864:
1779:
814:
809:
783:
752:
742:
704:
598:
578:
518:
493:
467:
447:
432:
9176:
9023:
6305:
6241:
1796:
1444:
9742:
9712:
9633:
9577:
9529:
9504:
9486:
9422:
9389:
9360:
9342:
9337:
9320:
9283:
9263:
8984:
8969:
8672:
8557:
8354:
7898:
7581:
7551:
7380:
7245:
7230:
6692:
6454:
Lying, Cheating, and Stealing: A Moral Theory of White Collar Crime
5862:, published January 2011, archived version accessed 9 November 2022
4951:
4925:
4890:
4525:
4378:
4357:
4273:
4147:
4084:
3874:
3171:
3045:
2982:
2961:
2835:
2052:
2048:
2000:
1935:
1755:
1615:
1378:
1275:
1097:
935:
867:
819:
773:
737:
689:
664:
602:
538:
503:
387:
364:
359:
342:
305:
285:
82:
6395:"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, crime-violent-offences"
2567:
Some jurisdictions may permit a plaintiff in a fraud case to seek
1938:. Similarly, fraud may serve as a basis for a court to invoke its
1918:
In cases of a fraudulently induced contract, fraud may serve as a
1840:
9842:
9684:
9650:
9618:
9587:
9534:
9509:
9457:
9437:
9432:
9414:
9384:
9347:
9332:
9243:
9208:
9068:
8874:
8822:
8802:
8750:
8562:
8480:
8296:
8258:
8206:
7087:
6985:
6931:
6557:
5854: This article incorporates text published under the British
4931:
4801:
4651:
4588:
4294:
4189:
3937:
3916:
3706:
3475:
3454:
3391:
3349:
3307:
3286:
3254:
3249:
3213:
3150:
3087:
2919:
2898:
2856:
2772:
2730:
2688:
2667:
2343:, or a fine or imprisonment for up to ten years on conviction on
2072:
1984:
1960:
1610:
1578:
1458:
1280:
852:
804:
747:
694:
669:
643:
573:
553:
548:
528:
498:
369:
354:
265:
230:
192:
50:
2278:
Fraud was not included in a "Crime Harm Index" published by the
9747:
9572:
9442:
9303:
9137:
8974:
8827:
8572:
8463:
8458:
8404:
8075:
7686:
7546:
5788:"Nearly six million fraud and cyber crimes last year, ONS says"
4967:
4567:
4462:
4315:
4210:
4126:
4063:
4000:
3853:
3832:
3685:
3643:
3601:
3538:
3433:
3370:
3328:
3108:
3003:
2877:
2093:
A fraudulent manufacturer's suggested retail price on a speaker
1971:
1653:
1620:
732:
558:
392:
325:
153:
6494:
by Eamon Dillon, published September 2008 by Merlin Publishing
9472:
9369:
9100:
8915:
8859:
8765:
8606:
8409:
7908:
7082:
4504:
4399:
3811:
3790:
3622:
3580:
3559:
3265:
3260:
3024:
2387:
2364:
2335:
on 8 November 2006, and came into effect on 15 January 2007.
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
588:
483:
6500:
The Book of Swindles: Selections from a Late Ming Collection
2560:
by defendant's fraud and the damage amounts are proved with
9797:
9524:
8797:
8745:
8601:
7999:
7915:
7072:
6963:
6941:
4972:
4859:
4105:
4021:
2211:
2122:
can also be used to detect fraud and other irregularities.
2028:
1897:
1037:
955:
684:
442:
5874:"Labour vows to bar foreign scam callers using UK numbers"
5444:. Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. Archived from
2525:
in order to obtain action or forbearance by another person
1896:
In common law jurisdictions, as a civil wrong, fraud is a
7869:
5527:"最高人民法院 最高人民检察院关于办理诈骗刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释 - 中华人民共和国最高人民法院公报"
5378:"Commodities fraud | Definition, History, & Examples"
2252:
According to another review by the UK anti-fraud charity
1853:
6534:
5305:"Fraud in science: a plea for a new culture in research"
1915:
to punish or deter the misconduct, and possibly others.
4928:, attempt to fraudulently acquire sensitive information
2582:
Between 1911 and 1933, 47 states adopted the so-called
2314:
7838:
5587:"UK fraud costing '£193bn a year', new study suggests"
5664:"Experian claims fraud costs GB£190 billion per year"
5471:
Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse
5303:
Müller, M. J.; Landsberg, B.; Ried, J. (April 2014).
2420:
provides the general definition for fraud in Canada:
9172:
2597:
To increase public trust in the capital markets the
5983:"The Law of Fraud and White Collar Crime in Canada"
5302:
37:"Phony" redirects here. For the Vocaloid song, see
5620:
4962:Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
2528:The other person relies upon the misrepresentation
6483:The Fraudsters – How Con Artists Steal Your Money
6118:"Halpert v. Rosenthal, 267 A. 2d 730 (R.I. 1970)"
2206:In India, the criminal laws are enshrined in the
2067:with the sole purpose of making a profit for the
9897:
6439:Frauds, Spies, and Lies – and How to Defeat Them
6422:Fraud: An American History from Barnum to Madoff
1848:slot used to commit bank fraud upon bank patrons
7059:
5613:"UK fraud hits 15-year high with value of £2bn"
6473:, (1999) Vol, 48, No. 4 American Law Review 1.
5906:"The Fraud Act 2006 (Commencement) Order 2006"
4856:, famous British business scandal of the 1980s
2168:According to Article 266 of the Criminal Law:
2155:Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China
9084:
7854:
7045:
6573:
6553:U.S. Department of Justice, Criminal Division
1821:
1006:
6362:"Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC")"
6147:Washington Pattern Jury Instructions - Civil
6057:"California Code, Penal Code - PEN § 186.11"
5119:"The Difficulty of Proving Financial Crimes"
2245:2017 ($ 2,496 (£2,080) billion according to
2085:Data analysis techniques for fraud detection
1081:Intentional infliction of emotional distress
5845:
5843:
5247:Technological Forecasting and Social Change
5148:Long, Louis C.; Cameron, Robert W. (1993).
5147:
9091:
9077:
7861:
7847:
7803:Criminal enterprises, gangs and syndicates
7052:
7038:
6580:
6566:
2574:
1975:An advertisement for possibly fraudulent "
1828:
1814:
1221:Negligent infliction of emotional distress
1013:
999:
5320:
5258:
4916:The National Council Against Health Fraud
1983:The falsification of documents, known as
9006:History of the American legal profession
6535:Association of Certified Fraud Examiners
5840:
5475:Association of Certified Fraud Examiners
5068:. Journal of Accountancy. October 2004.
2638:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
2636:for individual countries as reported by
2132:Association of Certified Fraud Examiners
2088:
1970:
1839:
6389:
6387:
6332:"Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882–1945)"
6298:
6223:
5956:"Criminal Code, Sections 380.2 - 380.3"
5116:
5004:United States Postal Inspection Service
2607:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
2354:
14:
9898:
5871:
5798:from the original on 23 September 2016
5768:from the original on 28 September 2016
5661:
5439:"Using Data Analysis to Detect Frauds"
5309:European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
5240:
5117:Henning, Peter J. (13 December 2020).
2375:Attorney General for England and Wales
9072:
7842:
7033:
6561:
6224:Koerner, Theodore G. (January 1958).
6205:from the original on 7 September 2017
6196:
5980:
5828:from the original on 7 September 2017
5758:"UK fraud police release wanted list"
5674:from the original on 13 November 2017
5593:from the original on 7 September 2017
5490:
5488:
5388:from the original on 17 December 2022
5371:
5369:
5222:from the original on 28 December 2013
5098:from the original on 28 December 2013
5072:from the original on 25 December 2018
5046:from the original on 25 December 2018
2556:may be allowed if shown to have been
2361:Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom)
2130:Participants of a 2010 survey by the
7702:High-yield investment program (HYIP)
6412:
6384:
6312:from the original on 9 December 2017
6256:from the original on 22 January 2021
5962:from the original on 17 January 2014
5537:from the original on 8 November 2023
5463:
5406:
5375:
5353:The growing threat of internal fraud
2488:United States free speech exceptions
2315:England, Wales, and Northern Ireland
2198:in Article 266 of the Criminal Law.
2042:
7692:Foundation for New Era Philanthropy
6503:. Columbia University Press, 2017.
6432:(2017). Princeton University Press.
6093:. Federal Bureau of Investigation.
6067:from the original on 10 August 2017
5936:from the original on 7 October 2015
5824:. Press Association. 30 June 2017.
5738:from the original on 26 August 2016
5708:from the original on 21 August 2016
1907:The remedies for fraud may include
24:
9098:
6587:
6153:from the original on 6 August 2017
6143:"WPI 160.02 Fraud—Burden of Proof"
6061:California Legislative Information
5567:from the original on 12 April 2021
5485:
5366:
5218:. Judicial Council of California.
5196:from the original on 1 August 2020
5150:"Fraud Litigation in Pennsylvania"
5129:from the original on 1 August 2020
5094:. Judicial Council of California.
4849:Great Stock Exchange Fraud of 1814
4686:
25:
9942:
7990:Restitution and unjust enrichment
6514:
6456:. Oxford University Press, 2006.
6097:from the original on 10 July 2017
5856:Open Government Licence
5166:from the original on 31 July 2020
2492:
2226:
2034:
1966:
9690:Perverting the course of justice
9175:
9166:
9114:. Not all types are listed here.
9037:
9036:
9022:
7014:
7013:
6520:
6372:from the original on 4 June 2023
6342:from the original on 14 May 2021
6286:from the original on 8 July 2017
6197:Chang, Stanley Y. (April 1994).
6063:. California State Legislature.
5990:Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP
5918:, 29 November 2006, SI 2006/3200
5849:
5662:Murphy, Ian (13 November 2017).
5407:Ravi, Priti (July–August 2013).
4665:
4644:
4623:
4602:
4581:
4560:
4539:
4518:
4497:
4476:
4455:
4434:
4413:
4392:
4371:
4350:
4329:
4308:
4287:
4266:
4245:
4224:
4203:
4182:
4161:
4140:
4119:
4098:
4077:
4056:
4035:
4014:
3993:
3972:
3951:
3930:
3909:
3888:
3867:
3846:
3825:
3804:
3783:
3762:
3741:
3720:
3699:
3678:
3657:
3636:
3615:
3594:
3573:
3552:
3531:
3510:
3489:
3468:
3447:
3426:
3405:
3384:
3363:
3342:
3321:
3300:
3279:
3259:
3248:
3227:
3206:
3185:
3164:
3143:
3122:
3101:
3080:
3059:
3038:
3017:
2996:
2975:
2954:
2933:
2912:
2891:
2870:
2849:
2828:
2807:
2786:
2765:
2744:
2723:
2702:
2681:
2660:
2481:
2406:
2301:In 2022, the television program
1795:
649:Perverting the course of justice
49:
9428:Intellectual property violation
9001:History of the legal profession
7757:Saradha Group financial scandal
6544:Federal Bureau of Investigation
6354:
6324:
6268:
6217:
6190:
6165:
6135:
6109:
6083:
6049:
6030:
6020:, 2 S.C.R. 1175. Full text of
6011:
5974:
5948:
5922:
5898:
5886:from the original on 9 May 2023
5865:
5810:
5780:
5750:
5720:
5686:
5655:
5629:
5605:
5579:
5549:
5518:
5506:from the original on 5 May 2022
5431:
5400:
5345:
5296:
4791:Federal Bureau of Investigation
1945:
1547:Ex turpi causa non oritur actio
544:Intellectual property violation
6540:"Common Scams and Crimes" list
6091:"Financial Crimes Report 2006"
6039:, 1 S.C.R. 963. Full text of
5872:Dathan, Matt (10 April 2023).
5701:. Fraud Advisory Panel. 2016.
5500:The National People's Congress
5283:
5260:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121282
5234:
5208:
5178:
5141:
5110:
5084:
5058:
5032:
2599:President of the United States
2508:
2295:central government departments
2280:Office for National Statistics
2273:Office for National Statistics
2195:Supreme People's Procuratorate
2186:
2162:
1882:
13:
1:
7111:1992 Indian stock market scam
6525:The dictionary definition of
5695:The Fraud Review Ten Years On
5025:
5000:, concealing financial losses
2621:
2537:preponderance of the evidence
1902:clear and convincing evidence
1657:(term used for torts in some
7386:Strip search phone call scam
7201:Extraterrestrial real estate
5930:"Criminal Code, Section 380"
5009:United States Secret Service
4854:Guinness share-trading fraud
2210:. It is supplemented by the
2138:
2078:
1891:
879:Ignorantia juris non excusat
7:
7261:Intellectual property scams
7251:Indian coal allocation scam
7060:Scams and confidence tricks
6308:. Seclaw.com. 7 July 2007.
5958:. Laws-lois.justice.gc.ca.
5932:. Laws-lois.justice.gc.ca.
5363:, accessed 6 November 2022.
5291:American Criminal Law. Rev.
4721:
2394:
2153:In China, according to the
1553:Joint and several liability
10:
9947:
9453:Possessing stolen property
8668:International legal theory
8147:International slavery laws
8142:International human rights
8137:International criminal law
7747:Pyramid schemes in Albania
7707:Investors Overseas Service
7639:Website reputation ratings
6467:Review Fraud – Alex Copola
5241:Richet, Jean-Loup (2022).
4693:List of notable fraudsters
4690:
4442:St. Vincent and Grenadines
2625:
2485:
2358:
2082:
1327:Comparative responsibility
569:Possessing stolen property
217:Offense against the person
36:
29:
9867:
9832:
9732:
9699:
9648:
9602:
9496:
9358:
9192:
9164:
9120:
9107:
9016:
8993:
8883:
8721:Administration of justice
8706:
8615:
8506:
8385:
8287:
8008:
7876:
7785:
7777:Welsh Thrasher faith scam
7722:Madoff investment scandal
7647:
7449:
7216:Foreclosure rescue scheme
7101:
7065:
7004:
6897:
6861:
6764:
6738:
6596:
5040:"Legal Dictionary: fraud"
2411:
2221:
1642:Non-economic damages caps
863:Diminished responsibility
657:Crimes against the public
9552:(such as prohibition of
8498:Basic structure doctrine
8348:Natural and legal rights
8229:Public international law
7772:Stanford Financial Group
7577:Russian Business Network
7366:Slavery reparations scam
6199:"The CPA Journal Online"
4880:Internal Revenue Service
4631:United States of America
2472:confidential information
2382:National Fraud Authority
2327:has been covered by the
2201:
2148:
2055:that promises the later
1888:incarceration, or both.
1675:Private attorney general
1629:Other topics in tort law
1257:Principles of negligence
1186:Alienation of affections
792:Crimes against the state
712:(such as prohibition of
8678:Principle of typicality
8152:International trade law
7868:
7742:Petters Group Worldwide
6041:Supreme Court of Canada
6022:Supreme Court of Canada
5860:Tackling Internal Fraud
5359:6 November 2022 at the
4822:Fraud in parapsychology
2575:Anti-fraud provisioning
2468:Supreme Court of Canada
2271:Also in July 2016, the
2212:Criminal Procedure Code
2187:关于办理诈骗刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释
2143:
2125:
1540:Volenti non fit injuria
1365:Ultrahazardous activity
1332:Contributory negligence
476:Crimes against property
166:(also called violation)
9670:Miscarriage of justice
7436:White van speaker scam
7401:Technical support scam
7376:SSA impersonation scam
7331:Redemption/A4V schemes
7256:IRS impersonation scam
7221:Foreign exchange fraud
5477:. 2010. Archived from
5066:"Basic Legal Concepts"
4706:Obstruction of justice
2941:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2649:Reported annual frauds
2571:or exemplary damages.
2445:
2416:Section 380(1) of the
2191:Supreme People's Court
2094:
1980:
1940:equitable jurisdiction
1849:
1558:Market share liability
1491:Shopkeeper's privilege
1469:Statute of limitations
1312:Restitutio ad integrum
1161:Intrusion on seclusion
1056:Trespass to the person
928:Other common-law areas
761:Crimes against animals
629:Miscarriage of justice
611:Crimes against justice
32:Fraud (disambiguation)
9665:Malfeasance in office
9110:Note: Crimes vary by
8673:Principle of legality
8432:Delegated legislation
8132:Intellectual property
7236:Get-rich-quick scheme
7226:Fortune telling fraud
6653:Intellectual property
5916:The National Archives
5351:Barclays Corporate, "
4978:Scientific misconduct
4807:Fortune telling fraud
4691:Further information:
4232:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2626:Further information:
2603:Franklin D. Roosevelt
2474:, in the nature of a
2422:
2319:Since 2007, fraud in
2285:National Audit Office
2266:City of London Police
2234:In January 2018, the
2092:
2083:Further information:
2051:in accordance with a
1974:
1843:
1670:Conflict of tort laws
1436:Tortious interference
1191:Criminal conversation
1178:Malicious prosecution
834:Defenses to liability
624:Malfeasance in office
9758:Cybersex trafficking
9520:Censorship violation
8891:Barristers' chambers
8833:Legal representation
8771:Justice of the peace
8117:Financial regulation
7712:Kapa investment scam
7532:Internet vigilantism
7522:Email authentication
7497:Cryptocurrency scams
7391:Swampland in Florida
6282:. 21 February 2003.
6230:Michigan Law Journal
5625:on 10 December 2022.
5589:. BBC. 25 May 2016.
5409:"Forensic Analytics"
5322:10.1038/ejcn.2014.17
4993:Swampland in Florida
4942:Political corruption
4937:Police impersonation
4610:United Arab Emirates
2371:Serious Fraud Office
2355:Serious Fraud Office
2331:. The Act was given
2254:Fraud Advisory Panel
2120:time-series analysis
2103:predictive analytics
1932:specific performance
1168:Breach of confidence
680:Censorship violation
403:Cybersex trafficking
30:For other uses, see
9550:Illegal consumption
9224:Criminal negligence
8926:Election commission
8638:Expressive function
8167:Landlord–tenant law
8066:Consumer protection
7816:Film and television
7537:Lenny anti-scam bot
7441:Work-at-home scheme
7406:Telemarketing fraud
7266:Kansas City Shuffle
7191:Embarrassing cheque
6419:Edward J. Balleisen
5643:on 13 November 2017
5557:"Indian Penal Code"
5496:"中华人民共和国刑法 – 中国人大网"
5376:McGregor, Michael.
4901:Mail and wire fraud
4865:Identity management
4817:Fraud in the factum
4761:Creative accounting
4547:Trinidad and Tobago
2710:Antigua and Barbuda
2293:issued guidance to
2216:Indian Evidence Act
1977:work-at-home scheme
1663:mixed legal systems
1533:Respondeat superior
1527:Vicarious liability
1486:Defence of property
1423:Insurance bad faith
1337:Attractive nuisance
1156:Invasion of privacy
858:Defense of property
710:Illegal consumption
246:Criminal negligence
146:Severity of offense
9753:Child sexual abuse
9718:Wildlife smuggling
9708:Cruelty to animals
9497:Against the public
9328:Negligent homicide
9239:False imprisonment
9194:Against the person
8884:Legal institutions
8751:Lawsuit/Litigation
8741:Dispute resolution
8546:Catholic canon law
8254:State of emergency
8217:Will and testament
7941:Law of obligations
7894:Constitutional law
7884:Administrative law
7767:Scott W. Rothstein
7662:Aman Futures Group
7181:Coin rolling scams
7176:Coin-matching game
6996:White-collar crime
6862:Government-related
6449:(2006). ASP Press.
5911:legislation.gov.uk
5413:Analytics Magazine
5253:(121282): 121282.
5190:www.lexisnexis.com
5014:White-collar crime
4947:Push payment fraud
3193:Dominican Republic
2605:, established the
2558:proximately caused
2341:summary conviction
2095:
1981:
1928:breach of contract
1850:
1563:Transferred intent
1454:Assumption of risk
1418:Restraint of trade
1394:Rylands v Fletcher
1226:Employment-related
1075:False imprisonment
779:Wildlife smuggling
769:Cruelty to animals
398:Child sexual abuse
350:Negligent homicide
261:False imprisonment
158:Indictable offense
102:Scope of criminal
9893:
9892:
9876:Wikimedia Commons
9834:Inchoate offenses
9778:Indecent exposure
9269:Human trafficking
9234:Domestic violence
9066:
9065:
8726:Constitutionalism
8648:Law and economics
8486:Act of parliament
8224:Product liability
8177:Legal archaeology
8102:Environmental law
8096:Entertainment law
7936:International law
7836:
7835:
7798:Confidence tricks
7517:Domain name scams
7416:Thai zig zag scam
7281:Miracle cars scam
7104:confidence tricks
7102:Notable scams and
7027:
7026:
6765:Financial-related
6492:978-1-903582-82-4
6469:Podgor, Ellen S.
6452:Green, Stuart P.
6018:R. v. Olan et al.
5999:on 13 August 2012
5419:on 19 August 2014
4684:
4683:
2321:England and Wales
2304:Scam Interceptors
2208:Indian Penal Code
2043:Commodities fraud
1838:
1837:
1711:England and Wales
1666:
1517:Last clear chance
1512:Intentional torts
1496:Neutral reportage
1479:Defense of others
1427:
1360:Product liability
1306:Res ipsa loquitur
1293:Reasonable person
1201:Breach of promise
1050:
1023:
1022:
423:Indecent exposure
291:Human trafficking
256:Domestic violence
184:Inchoate offenses
16:(Redirected from
9938:
9931:Financial crimes
9540:Ethnic cleansing
9478:Trespass to land
9375:Arms trafficking
9185:
9180:
9179:
9170:
9093:
9086:
9079:
9070:
9069:
9041:
9040:
9039:
9027:
9026:
8850:Question of fact
8731:Criminal justice
8061:Construction law
8056:Conflict of laws
8021:Agricultural law
7863:
7856:
7849:
7840:
7839:
7667:Bernard Cornfeld
7629:Stock Generation
7557:Referer spoofing
7421:Three-card monte
7411:Thai tailor scam
7371:Spanish Prisoner
7301:Overpayment scam
7241:Green goods scam
7141:Black money scam
7126:Art student scam
7121:Advance-fee scam
7116:2G spectrum case
7054:
7047:
7040:
7031:
7030:
7017:
7016:
6597:Business-related
6582:
6575:
6568:
6559:
6558:
6524:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6391:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6377:
6358:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6347:
6328:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6302:
6296:
6295:
6293:
6291:
6272:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6221:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6194:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6183:
6169:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6158:
6139:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6128:
6113:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6102:
6087:
6081:
6080:
6074:
6072:
6053:
6047:
6034:
6028:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6004:
5998:
5992:. Archived from
5987:
5978:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5967:
5952:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5941:
5926:
5920:
5919:
5902:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5891:
5869:
5863:
5853:
5847:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5814:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5794:. 21 July 2016.
5784:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5773:
5764:. 18 July 2016.
5754:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5713:
5707:
5700:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5668:Enterprise Times
5659:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5633:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5619:. Archived from
5609:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5583:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5553:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5542:
5522:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5492:
5483:
5482:
5467:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5450:
5443:
5435:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5415:. Archived from
5404:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5373:
5364:
5349:
5343:
5342:
5324:
5300:
5294:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5262:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5212:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5201:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5165:
5154:
5145:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5114:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5088:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5062:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5036:
4911:Money laundering
4906:Misappropriation
4896:Journalism fraud
4827:Fraud Squad (UK)
4812:Fraud deterrence
4797:Financial crimes
4786:False Claims Act
4756:Cramming (fraud)
4670:
4669:
4668:
4649:
4648:
4647:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4019:
4018:
4017:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3264:
3263:
3253:
3252:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2643:
2642:
2628:Crime statistics
2615:corporate abuses
2499:reasonable doubt
2325:Northern Ireland
2247:Statistics Times
2189:) issued by the
2188:
2164:
1913:punitive damages
1846:automated teller
1830:
1823:
1816:
1800:
1799:
1656:
1425:
1288:Standard of care
1173:Abuse of process
1083:
1044:
1025:
1024:
1015:
1008:
1001:
972:
843:Actual innocence
700:Ethnic cleansing
594:Trespass to land
489:Arms trafficking
53:
46:
45:
21:
9946:
9945:
9941:
9940:
9939:
9937:
9936:
9935:
9926:Property crimes
9896:
9895:
9894:
9889:
9863:
9862:
9861:
9828:
9827:
9826:
9808:Sex trafficking
9734:Sexual offenses
9728:
9727:
9726:
9700:Against animals
9695:
9694:
9693:
9644:
9643:
9642:
9598:
9597:
9596:
9492:
9491:
9490:
9410:False pretenses
9354:
9353:
9352:
9316:Preterintention
9188:
9181:
9174:
9171:
9162:
9116:
9103:
9097:
9067:
9062:
9035:
9021:
9012:
8989:
8980:Political party
8953:Legal education
8941:Law enforcement
8921:Court of equity
8879:
8855:Question of law
8808:Practice of law
8788:Judicial review
8702:
8653:Legal formalism
8633:Comparative law
8628:Contract theory
8611:
8531:Legal pluralism
8502:
8491:Act of Congress
8415:Executive order
8381:
8283:
8202:Nationality law
8127:Immigration law
8051:Competition law
8004:
7872:
7867:
7837:
7832:
7781:
7727:Make Money Fast
7697:Franchise fraud
7652:
7643:
7624:Spoofing attack
7607:Scammer Payback
7455:countermeasures
7454:
7445:
7136:Bait-and-switch
7103:
7097:
7061:
7058:
7028:
7023:
7000:
6957:honest services
6893:
6857:
6760:
6734:
6592:
6586:
6517:
6497:Zhang, Yingyu.
6415:
6413:Further reading
6410:
6409:
6399:
6397:
6393:
6392:
6385:
6375:
6373:
6366:learn.advfn.com
6360:
6359:
6355:
6345:
6343:
6330:
6329:
6325:
6315:
6313:
6306:"Blue Sky Laws"
6304:
6303:
6299:
6289:
6287:
6274:
6273:
6269:
6259:
6257:
6242:10.2307/1286082
6222:
6218:
6208:
6206:
6195:
6191:
6181:
6179:
6171:
6170:
6166:
6156:
6154:
6141:
6140:
6136:
6126:
6124:
6116:
6114:
6110:
6100:
6098:
6089:
6088:
6084:
6070:
6068:
6055:
6054:
6050:
6035:
6031:
6016:
6012:
6002:
6000:
5996:
5985:
5979:
5975:
5965:
5963:
5954:
5953:
5949:
5939:
5937:
5928:
5927:
5923:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5889:
5887:
5870:
5866:
5858:: HM Treasury,
5848:
5841:
5831:
5829:
5816:
5815:
5811:
5801:
5799:
5786:
5785:
5781:
5771:
5769:
5756:
5755:
5751:
5741:
5739:
5732:www.out-law.com
5726:
5725:
5721:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5698:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5677:
5675:
5660:
5656:
5646:
5644:
5635:
5634:
5630:
5617:Financial Times
5611:
5610:
5606:
5596:
5594:
5585:
5584:
5580:
5570:
5568:
5555:
5554:
5550:
5540:
5538:
5523:
5519:
5509:
5507:
5494:
5493:
5486:
5481:on 7 July 2011.
5469:
5468:
5464:
5454:
5452:
5448:
5441:
5437:
5436:
5432:
5422:
5420:
5405:
5401:
5391:
5389:
5374:
5367:
5361:Wayback Machine
5350:
5346:
5301:
5297:
5288:
5284:
5239:
5235:
5225:
5223:
5214:
5213:
5209:
5199:
5197:
5184:
5183:
5179:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5152:
5146:
5142:
5132:
5130:
5115:
5111:
5101:
5099:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5075:
5073:
5064:
5063:
5059:
5049:
5047:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5019:Wood laundering
4921:Organized crime
4875:Insurance fraud
4776:Electoral fraud
4729:Bait-and-switch
4724:
4695:
4689:
4687:Further reading
4666:
4664:
4645:
4643:
4624:
4622:
4603:
4601:
4582:
4580:
4561:
4559:
4540:
4538:
4519:
4517:
4498:
4496:
4477:
4475:
4456:
4454:
4435:
4433:
4414:
4412:
4393:
4391:
4372:
4370:
4351:
4349:
4330:
4328:
4309:
4307:
4288:
4286:
4267:
4265:
4246:
4244:
4225:
4223:
4204:
4202:
4183:
4181:
4162:
4160:
4141:
4139:
4120:
4118:
4099:
4097:
4078:
4076:
4057:
4055:
4036:
4034:
4015:
4013:
3994:
3992:
3973:
3971:
3952:
3950:
3931:
3929:
3910:
3908:
3889:
3887:
3868:
3866:
3847:
3845:
3826:
3824:
3805:
3803:
3784:
3782:
3763:
3761:
3742:
3740:
3721:
3719:
3700:
3698:
3679:
3677:
3658:
3656:
3637:
3635:
3616:
3614:
3595:
3593:
3574:
3572:
3553:
3551:
3532:
3530:
3511:
3509:
3490:
3488:
3469:
3467:
3448:
3446:
3427:
3425:
3406:
3404:
3385:
3383:
3364:
3362:
3343:
3341:
3322:
3320:
3301:
3299:
3280:
3278:
3258:
3247:
3228:
3226:
3207:
3205:
3186:
3184:
3165:
3163:
3144:
3142:
3123:
3121:
3102:
3100:
3081:
3079:
3060:
3058:
3039:
3037:
3018:
3016:
2997:
2995:
2976:
2974:
2955:
2953:
2934:
2932:
2913:
2911:
2892:
2890:
2871:
2869:
2850:
2848:
2829:
2827:
2808:
2806:
2787:
2785:
2766:
2764:
2745:
2743:
2724:
2722:
2703:
2701:
2682:
2680:
2661:
2659:
2650:
2630:
2624:
2577:
2554:Special damages
2511:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2414:
2409:
2397:
2391:related crime.
2367:
2359:Main articles:
2357:
2317:
2237:Financial Times
2229:
2224:
2204:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2128:
2087:
2081:
2071:; the theft of
2045:
2037:
1969:
1957:insurance fraud
1948:
1894:
1885:
1834:
1794:
1688:By jurisdiction
1388:Public nuisance
1317:Rescue doctrine
1300:Proximate cause
1212:Negligent torts
1124:Dignitary torts
1079:
1019:
960:
524:False pretenses
453:Sex trafficking
379:Sexual offenses
338:Preterintention
174:Summary offense
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9944:
9934:
9933:
9928:
9923:
9918:
9913:
9908:
9891:
9890:
9888:
9883:
9878:
9873:
9868:
9865:
9864:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9840:
9839:
9838:
9836:
9830:
9829:
9825:
9820:
9818:Sexual slavery
9815:
9813:Sexual assault
9810:
9805:
9800:
9795:
9790:
9785:
9780:
9775:
9770:
9765:
9760:
9755:
9750:
9745:
9740:
9739:
9738:
9736:
9730:
9729:
9725:
9720:
9715:
9710:
9705:
9704:
9703:
9701:
9697:
9696:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9672:
9667:
9662:
9657:
9656:
9655:
9653:
9646:
9645:
9641:
9636:
9631:
9626:
9621:
9616:
9611:
9610:
9609:
9607:
9600:
9599:
9595:
9590:
9585:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9535:Hostage-taking
9532:
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9501:
9500:
9498:
9494:
9493:
9489:
9480:
9475:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9455:
9450:
9445:
9440:
9435:
9430:
9425:
9420:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9366:
9365:
9363:
9356:
9355:
9351:
9350:
9345:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9324:
9323:
9313:
9312:
9311:
9301:
9296:
9286:
9281:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9200:
9199:
9198:
9196:
9190:
9189:
9187:
9186:
9165:
9163:
9161:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9135:
9130:
9124:
9122:
9118:
9117:
9108:
9105:
9104:
9096:
9095:
9088:
9081:
9073:
9064:
9063:
9061:
9060:
9053:
9046:
9032:
9029:Law portal
9017:
9014:
9013:
9011:
9010:
9009:
9008:
8997:
8995:
8991:
8990:
8988:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8961:
8960:
8950:
8949:
8948:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8887:
8885:
8881:
8880:
8878:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8865:Trial advocacy
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8846:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8779:
8778:
8773:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8712:
8710:
8704:
8703:
8701:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8619:
8617:
8613:
8612:
8610:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8588:
8587:
8577:
8576:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8549:
8548:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8512:
8510:
8504:
8503:
8501:
8500:
8495:
8494:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8473:
8472:
8471:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8445:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8424:
8423:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8402:
8397:
8395:Ballot measure
8391:
8389:
8383:
8382:
8380:
8379:
8374:
8372:Legal treatise
8369:
8368:
8367:
8362:
8352:
8351:
8350:
8340:
8338:Letters patent
8335:
8330:
8329:
8328:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8299:
8293:
8291:
8289:Sources of law
8285:
8284:
8282:
8281:
8276:
8274:Unenforced law
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8214:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8046:Commercial law
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8012:
8010:
8006:
8005:
8003:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7986:
7985:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7964:
7963:
7958:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7912:
7911:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7880:
7878:
7874:
7873:
7866:
7865:
7858:
7851:
7843:
7834:
7833:
7831:
7830:
7825:
7824:
7823:
7818:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7789:
7787:
7783:
7782:
7780:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7658:
7656:
7645:
7644:
7642:
7641:
7636:
7634:Voice phishing
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7610:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7467:Pig Butchering
7464:
7458:
7456:
7451:Internet scams
7447:
7446:
7444:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7356:Sick baby hoax
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7336:Reloading scam
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7271:Locksmith scam
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7107:
7105:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7069:
7067:
7063:
7062:
7057:
7056:
7049:
7042:
7034:
7025:
7024:
7022:
7021:
7011:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6999:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6977:
6976:
6971:
6961:
6960:
6959:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6923:
6922:
6915:Counterfeiting
6912:
6907:
6901:
6899:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6865:
6863:
6859:
6858:
6856:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6768:
6766:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6742:
6740:
6739:Family-related
6736:
6735:
6733:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6696:
6695:
6690:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6623:Pharmaceutical
6616:
6611:
6606:
6600:
6598:
6594:
6593:
6585:
6584:
6577:
6570:
6562:
6556:
6555:
6546:
6537:
6532:
6516:
6515:External links
6513:
6512:
6511:
6509:978-0231178631
6495:
6479:
6474:
6471:Criminal Fraud
6464:
6462:978-0199225804
6450:
6433:
6430:978-0691164557
6414:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6383:
6353:
6323:
6297:
6267:
6236:(3): 448–450.
6216:
6189:
6177:Google Scholar
6164:
6134:
6122:Google Scholar
6108:
6082:
6048:
6029:
6010:
5973:
5947:
5921:
5897:
5864:
5839:
5809:
5779:
5749:
5719:
5685:
5654:
5639:Archived from
5628:
5604:
5578:
5548:
5517:
5484:
5462:
5451:on 5 July 2020
5430:
5399:
5365:
5344:
5315:(4): 411–415.
5295:
5282:
5233:
5207:
5177:
5140:
5109:
5083:
5057:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4998:Tobashi scheme
4995:
4990:
4985:
4983:Secret profits
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4886:Internet fraud
4883:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4851:
4846:
4843:Geneivat da'at
4839:
4834:
4832:Friendly fraud
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4746:Contract fraud
4743:
4731:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4711:18 U.S.C.
4708:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4661:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4528:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4381:
4367:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4339:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4255:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4178:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4003:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3632:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3130:Czech Republic
3118:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3006:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2632:Rate of fraud
2623:
2620:
2576:
2573:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2510:
2507:
2494:
2493:Criminal fraud
2491:
2483:
2480:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2434:(b) is guilty
2432:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2396:
2393:
2356:
2353:
2349:Theft Act 1978
2339:six months on
2329:Fraud Act 2006
2316:
2313:
2228:
2227:United Kingdom
2225:
2223:
2220:
2203:
2200:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2159:Crime of Fraud
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2127:
2124:
2080:
2077:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2035:Internal fraud
2033:
2009:Internet fraud
2005:computer crime
1968:
1967:Types of fraud
1965:
1947:
1944:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1877:mortgage fraud
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1802:Law portal
1789:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1750:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1716:European Union
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1651:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1524:
1522:Eggshell skull
1519:
1514:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1426:(American law)
1420:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1404:Economic torts
1400:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1322:Duty to rescue
1319:
1314:
1309:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1092:
1091:
1090:Property torts
1087:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1003:
995:
992:
991:
990:
989:
981:
980:
976:
975:
974:
973:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
930:
929:
925:
924:
923:
922:
917:
912:
907:
897:
892:
887:
882:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
837:
836:
830:
829:
828:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
794:
793:
789:
788:
787:
786:
781:
776:
771:
763:
762:
758:
757:
756:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
707:
702:
697:
695:Hostage-taking
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
659:
658:
654:
653:
652:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
613:
612:
608:
607:
606:
605:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
478:
477:
473:
472:
471:
470:
465:
463:Sexual slavery
460:
458:Sexual assault
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
382:
381:
375:
374:
373:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
346:
345:
335:
334:
333:
323:
318:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
220:
219:
213:
212:
211:
210:
205:
200:
195:
187:
186:
180:
179:
178:
177:
167:
161:
148:
147:
143:
142:
141:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
107:
106:
99:
98:
97:
96:
91:
86:
79:
69:
68:
62:
61:
55:
54:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9943:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9922:
9919:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9903:
9901:
9887:
9884:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9869:
9866:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9837:
9835:
9831:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9768:Homosexuality
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9749:
9746:
9744:
9741:
9737:
9735:
9731:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
9702:
9698:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9666:
9663:
9661:
9658:
9654:
9652:
9647:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9608:
9606:
9601:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9568:Miscegenation
9566:
9563:
9559:
9555:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9499:
9495:
9488:
9484:
9481:
9479:
9476:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9466:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9448:Pickpocketing
9446:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9364:
9362:
9357:
9349:
9346:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9322:
9319:
9318:
9317:
9314:
9310:
9307:
9306:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9294:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9254:Home invasion
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9204:Assassination
9202:
9201:
9197:
9195:
9191:
9184:
9178:
9173:
9169:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9125:
9123:
9119:
9115:
9113:
9106:
9102:
9094:
9089:
9087:
9082:
9080:
9075:
9074:
9071:
9059:
9058:
9054:
9052:
9051:
9047:
9045:
9044:
9033:
9031:
9030:
9025:
9019:
9018:
9015:
9007:
9004:
9003:
9002:
8999:
8998:
8996:
8992:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8959:
8956:
8955:
8954:
8951:
8947:
8944:
8943:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8911:Civil society
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8888:
8886:
8882:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8870:Trier of fact
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8810:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8768:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8756:Legal opinion
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8736:Court-martial
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8713:
8711:
8709:
8708:Jurisprudence
8705:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8620:
8618:
8614:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8597:Statutory law
8595:
8593:
8592:Socialist law
8590:
8586:
8585:Byzantine law
8583:
8582:
8581:
8578:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8547:
8544:
8543:
8542:
8539:
8538:
8537:
8536:Religious law
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8513:
8511:
8509:
8508:Legal systems
8505:
8499:
8496:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8478:
8477:
8476:Statutory law
8474:
8470:
8467:
8466:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8429:
8428:
8425:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8407:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8392:
8390:
8388:
8384:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8357:
8356:
8353:
8349:
8346:
8345:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8327:
8324:
8323:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8306:Statutory law
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8294:
8292:
8290:
8286:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8264:Transport law
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8209:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8182:Legal fiction
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8112:Financial law
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8071:Corporate law
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8013:
8011:
8007:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7995:Statutory law
7993:
7991:
7988:
7984:
7981:
7980:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7953:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7910:
7907:
7906:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7881:
7879:
7877:Core subjects
7875:
7871:
7864:
7859:
7857:
7852:
7850:
7845:
7844:
7841:
7829:
7828:Ponzi schemes
7826:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7813:
7812:In the media
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7790:
7788:
7784:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7762:Secret Sister
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7732:Matrix scheme
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7659:
7657:
7655:
7654:Ponzi schemes
7650:
7646:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7589:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7562:Ripoff Report
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7459:
7457:
7452:
7448:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7361:SIM swap scam
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7326:Pump and dump
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7311:Pig in a poke
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7166:Charity fraud
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7146:Blessing scam
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7100:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7078:Error account
7076:
7074:
7071:
7070:
7068:
7064:
7055:
7050:
7048:
7043:
7041:
7036:
7035:
7032:
7020:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7003:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6966:
6965:
6962:
6958:
6955:
6954:
6953:
6952:Mail and wire
6950:
6948:
6947:Impersonation
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6937:Fraud factory
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6921:
6918:
6917:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6896:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6866:
6864:
6860:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6848:Shill bidding
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6778:
6775:
6774:
6773:
6770:
6769:
6767:
6763:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6737:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6720:Telemarketing
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6648:Impersonation
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6583:
6578:
6576:
6571:
6569:
6564:
6563:
6560:
6554:
6550:
6549:Fraud Section
6547:
6545:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:at Wiktionary
6530:
6529:
6523:
6519:
6518:
6510:
6506:
6502:
6501:
6496:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6484:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6472:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6448:
6447:1-878109-36-7
6444:
6440:
6437:
6434:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6420:
6417:
6416:
6396:
6390:
6388:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6357:
6341:
6337:
6333:
6327:
6311:
6307:
6301:
6285:
6281:
6277:
6271:
6255:
6251:
6247:
6243:
6239:
6235:
6231:
6227:
6220:
6204:
6200:
6193:
6178:
6174:
6168:
6152:
6148:
6144:
6138:
6123:
6119:
6112:
6096:
6092:
6086:
6079:
6066:
6062:
6058:
6052:
6046:
6042:
6038:
6037:R. v. Stewart
6033:
6027:
6023:
6019:
6014:
5995:
5991:
5984:
5977:
5961:
5957:
5951:
5935:
5931:
5925:
5917:
5913:
5912:
5907:
5901:
5885:
5881:
5880:
5875:
5868:
5861:
5857:
5852:
5846:
5844:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5813:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5783:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5753:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5723:
5704:
5697:
5696:
5689:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5658:
5642:
5638:
5632:
5623:
5618:
5614:
5608:
5592:
5588:
5582:
5566:
5562:
5561:Indian Kanoon
5558:
5552:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5521:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5491:
5489:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5466:
5447:
5440:
5434:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5403:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5372:
5370:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5348:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5286:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5237:
5221:
5217:
5211:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5181:
5162:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5113:
5097:
5093:
5087:
5071:
5067:
5061:
5045:
5041:
5035:
5031:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4988:Shell company
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4840:
4838:
4837:Front running
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4766:Crimestoppers
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4734:Caper stories
4732:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4716:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4694:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4390:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3728:Liechtenstein
3718:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3005:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2584:Blue Sky Laws
2580:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2523:material fact
2520:
2519:misrepresents
2516:
2515:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2500:
2489:
2482:United States
2479:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2421:
2419:
2418:Criminal Code
2407:North America
2404:
2402:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2232:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2156:
2136:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2111:Benford's Law
2106:
2104:
2100:
2091:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2032:
2030:
2025:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1978:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1889:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1847:
1842:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1736:United States
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:Sexual torts
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1133:Appropriation
1131:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1004:
1002:
997:
996:
994:
993:
988:
985:
984:
983:
982:
978:
977:
971:
967:
963:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
932:
931:
927:
926:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
905:
901:
898:
896:
895:Justification
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
880:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
839:
838:
835:
832:
831:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
797:
796:
795:
791:
790:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
766:
765:
764:
760:
759:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
728:Miscegenation
726:
723:
719:
715:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
661:
660:
656:
655:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
615:
614:
610:
609:
604:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
564:Pickpocketing
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
481:
480:
479:
475:
474:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
413:Homosexuality
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
385:
384:
383:
380:
377:
376:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
344:
341:
340:
339:
336:
332:
329:
328:
327:
324:
322:
319:
316:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
276:Home invasion
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
226:Assassination
224:
223:
222:
221:
218:
215:
214:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
190:
189:
188:
185:
182:
181:
175:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
155:
152:
151:
150:
149:
145:
144:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
110:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
84:
80:
78:
77:
73:
72:
71:
70:
67:
64:
63:
60:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
9858:Solicitation
9793:Prostitution
9783:Masturbation
9614:Lèse-majesté
9603:Against the
9400:Embezzlement
9289:Manslaughter
9274:Intimidation
9112:jurisdiction
9109:
9055:
9048:
9034:
9020:
8793:Jurisdiction
8761:Legal remedy
8716:Adjudication
8616:Legal theory
8454:Ratification
8449:Promulgation
8420:Proclamation
8400:Codification
8333:Human rights
8321:Divine right
8311:Constitution
8279:Women in law
8197:Military law
8192:Marriage law
8187:Maritime law
8086:Election law
8026:Aviation law
8016:Abortion law
7968:Property law
7904:Criminal law
7752:Reed Slatkin
7717:Kubus scheme
7597:Jim Browning
7592:419eater.com
7587:Scam baiting
7572:Romance scam
7542:Lottery scam
7487:Clickjacking
7431:Wash trading
7426:Trojan horse
7341:Return fraud
7291:Mock auction
7186:Drop swindle
7151:Bogus escrow
6777:lottery scam
6710:Tech support
6700:Racketeering
6589:
6527:
6498:
6482:
6470:
6453:
6438:
6421:
6398:. Retrieved
6374:. Retrieved
6365:
6356:
6344:. Retrieved
6335:
6326:
6314:. Retrieved
6300:
6288:. Retrieved
6279:
6270:
6258:. Retrieved
6233:
6229:
6219:
6207:. Retrieved
6192:
6180:. Retrieved
6176:
6167:
6155:. Retrieved
6146:
6137:
6125:. Retrieved
6121:
6111:
6099:. Retrieved
6085:
6076:
6069:. Retrieved
6060:
6051:
6043:decision at
6036:
6032:
6024:decision at
6017:
6013:
6001:. Retrieved
5994:the original
5976:
5964:. Retrieved
5950:
5938:. Retrieved
5924:
5909:
5900:
5888:. Retrieved
5877:
5867:
5830:. Retrieved
5822:The Guardian
5821:
5812:
5802:18 September
5800:. Retrieved
5791:
5782:
5772:18 September
5770:. Retrieved
5761:
5752:
5742:18 September
5740:. Retrieved
5731:
5722:
5710:. Retrieved
5694:
5688:
5676:. Retrieved
5667:
5657:
5645:. Retrieved
5641:the original
5631:
5622:the original
5616:
5607:
5595:. Retrieved
5581:
5569:. Retrieved
5560:
5551:
5541:23 September
5539:. Retrieved
5530:
5520:
5510:23 September
5508:. Retrieved
5499:
5479:the original
5465:
5453:. Retrieved
5446:the original
5433:
5421:. Retrieved
5417:the original
5412:
5402:
5390:. Retrieved
5381:
5347:
5312:
5308:
5298:
5290:
5285:
5250:
5246:
5236:
5224:. Retrieved
5210:
5198:. Retrieved
5189:
5180:
5168:. Retrieved
5156:
5143:
5131:. Retrieved
5122:
5112:
5100:. Retrieved
5086:
5074:. Retrieved
5060:
5048:. Retrieved
5034:
4957:Quatloos.com
4870:Impersonator
4841:
4781:Embezzlement
4737:
4696:
4673:Vatican City
2631:
2613:and prevent
2611:stock market
2596:
2581:
2578:
2566:
2552:
2541:
2534:
2512:
2503:
2496:
2476:trade secret
2465:
2450:
2446:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2398:
2386:
2379:
2368:
2337:
2333:royal assent
2318:
2309:call centres
2302:
2300:
2289:
2277:
2270:
2262:
2258:Action Fraud
2251:
2246:
2243:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2205:
2184:
2181:confiscated.
2167:
2158:
2152:
2129:
2107:
2101:paired with
2096:
2073:client funds
2065:transactions
2046:
2038:
2026:
2013:
1982:
1949:
1946:Criminal law
1924:civil action
1917:
1906:
1895:
1886:
1873:criminal law
1857:
1851:
1761:Criminal law
1680:Class action
1545:
1538:
1531:
1474:Self-defense
1430:
1392:
1370:Deep pockets
1304:
1266:Duty of care
1028:Part of the
920:Self-defense
877:
800:Lèse-majesté
533:
514:Embezzlement
438:Prostitution
428:Masturbation
311:Manslaughter
296:Intimidation
208:Solicitation
81:
74:
59:Criminal law
43:
39:Phony (song)
9763:Fornication
9680:Obstruction
9660:Compounding
9468:Tax evasion
9219:Child abuse
9133:Misdemeanor
8965:Legislature
8896:Bureaucracy
8693:Rule of man
8688:Rule of law
8663:Libertarian
8526:Chinese law
8427:Legislation
8377:Regulations
8365:Law reports
8343:Natural law
8239:Reparations
8234:Refugee law
8157:Jurimetrics
8098:(Media law)
8036:Banking law
8031:Amnesty law
8009:Disciplines
7946:Private law
7793:Con artists
7677:Dona Branca
7619:Spoofed URL
7527:Email fraud
7507:CyberThrill
7482:Click fraud
7396:Tarmac scam
7321:Pork barrel
7316:Pigeon drop
7306:Patent safe
7296:Moving scam
7206:Fiddle game
7156:Boiler room
7131:Badger game
7093:Sucker list
7066:Terminology
6927:Faked death
6920:Superdollar
6898:Other types
6838:Overpayment
6804:Credit card
6772:Advance-fee
6683:Health care
6209:6 September
6127:6 September
6115:See, e.g.,
6101:6 September
5981:Tony Wong.
5832:6 September
5678:13 November
5647:13 November
5597:6 September
5392:17 December
5226:27 December
5102:27 December
5076:18 December
5042:. Law.com.
4484:Switzerland
4253:Saint Lucia
4169:Puerto Rico
3980:New Zealand
3959:Netherlands
3235:El Salvador
2651:per 100,000
2592:stockbroker
2562:specificity
2509:Civil fraud
2291:HM Treasury
2116:correlation
2059:of equated
1883:Terminology
1862:intentional
1637:Tort reform
1271:Trespassers
1236:Malpractice
1231:Entrustment
1151:False light
915:Provocation
639:Obstruction
619:Compounding
584:Tax evasion
408:Fornication
241:Child abuse
170:Misdemeanor
94:Concurrence
9900:Categories
9871:WikiSource
9853:Incitement
9848:Conspiracy
9723:Bestiality
9675:Misprision
9639:Subversion
9593:War crimes
9588:Usurpation
9515:Corruption
9395:Cybercrime
9279:Kidnapping
9259:Hate crime
9249:Harassment
9229:Defamation
9183:Law portal
9158:Corruption
9148:Indictable
9128:Infraction
8958:Law school
8838:Prosecutor
8776:Magistrate
8563:Jewish law
8521:Common law
8442:Rulemaking
8437:Regulation
8387:Law making
8326:Divine law
8302:Legal code
8249:Sports law
8172:Law of war
8122:Health law
8107:Family law
8091:Energy law
8041:Bankruptcy
7978:Punishment
7973:Public law
7821:Literature
7682:Earl Jones
7614:ShadowCrew
7567:Rock Phish
7512:DarkMarket
7502:Cybercrime
7477:Catfishing
7351:Shell game
7286:Mismarking
7211:Fine print
7171:Clip joint
7161:Bride scam
6981:Scientific
6843:Securities
6828:Mismarking
6794:Chargeback
6789:Bankruptcy
6633:Employment
6614:Disability
6436:Fred Cohen
6376:8 November
6346:8 November
6316:5 December
5966:5 December
5940:5 December
5473:(Report).
5423:8 November
5382:Britannica
5050:27 January
5026:References
4751:Corruption
4715:§ 704
4699:deceptions
3896:Montenegro
3770:Luxembourg
3665:Kyrgyzstan
3067:Costa Rica
2794:Azerbaijan
2634:per capita
2622:Statistics
2588:securities
2486:See also:
2345:indictment
1999:, and the
1953:bank fraud
1909:rescission
1746:common law
1649:Quasi-tort
1601:Injunction
1594:Incidental
1413:Conspiracy
1138:Defamation
1115:Conversion
1030:common law
873:Entrapment
848:Automatism
825:Subversion
784:Bestiality
753:War crimes
748:Usurpation
675:Corruption
634:Misprision
509:Cybercrime
301:Kidnapping
281:Hate crime
271:Harassment
251:Defamation
203:Incitement
198:Conspiracy
164:Infraction
123:Complicity
118:Accomplice
76:Actus reus
18:Defrauding
9916:Deception
9881:Wikiquote
9823:Voyeurism
9803:Pederasty
9788:Obscenity
9629:Secession
9624:Espionage
9583:Terrorism
9545:Smuggling
9483:Vandalism
9463:Smuggling
9405:Extortion
9380:Blackmail
9293:corporate
9099:Types of
8936:Judiciary
8931:Executive
8906:The bench
8843:Solicitor
8818:Barrister
8698:Sociology
8683:Pseudolaw
8623:Anarchist
8580:Roman law
8568:Parsi law
8553:Hindu law
8541:Canon law
8516:Civil law
8469:Concordat
8360:Precedent
8269:Trust law
8244:Space law
8081:Drugs law
7951:Procedure
7889:Civil law
7808:Impostors
7462:Avalanche
7276:Long firm
7196:Exit scam
6874:Electoral
6818:Insurance
6756:Paternity
6746:Fertility
6688:fertility
6668:Long firm
6588:Types of
6542:from the
6400:17 August
6290:28 August
6260:2 January
5879:The Times
5331:1476-5640
5277:239962449
5269:0040-1625
4771:Deception
4739:The Sting
4736:(such as
4421:Sri Lanka
4337:Singapore
4043:Palestine
3749:Lithuania
3497:Indonesia
3413:Guatemala
2752:Australia
2517:Somebody
2401:Scots law
2311:in Asia.
2139:By region
2079:Detection
1892:Civil law
1869:civil law
1865:deception
1756:Contracts
1696:Australia
1504:Liability
1464:Necessity
1352:liability
1276:Licensees
1196:Seduction
936:Contracts
910:Necessity
815:Secession
810:Espionage
743:Terrorism
705:Smuggling
599:Vandalism
579:Smuggling
519:Extortion
494:Blackmail
468:Voyeurism
448:Pederasty
433:Obscenity
315:corporate
138:Vicarious
133:Principal
128:Corporate
113:Accessory
104:liability
89:Causation
9921:Tort law
9886:Wikinews
9743:Adultery
9713:Poaching
9649:Against
9634:Sedition
9578:Regicide
9530:Genocide
9505:Apostasy
9487:Mischief
9423:Gambling
9390:Burglary
9361:property
9359:Against
9343:Stabbing
9338:Stalking
9321:Homicide
9284:Menacing
9264:Homicide
9043:Category
8985:Tribunal
8970:Military
8813:Attorney
8783:Judgment
8643:Feminist
8558:Jain law
8355:Case law
8076:Cyberlaw
7983:Corporal
7961:Criminal
7931:Evidence
7921:Doctrine
7899:Contract
7582:SaferNet
7552:Phishing
7492:Cramming
7381:SSC Scam
7246:Hustling
7231:Gem scam
7019:Category
6905:Affinity
6879:Medicare
6833:Mortgage
6751:Marriage
6715:Slamming
6693:quackery
6673:Odometer
6658:Internet
6609:Cramming
6370:Archived
6340:Archived
6310:Archived
6284:Archived
6254:Archived
6203:Archived
6151:Archived
6149:. West.
6095:Archived
6071:9 August
6065:Archived
6003:22 April
5960:Archived
5934:Archived
5884:Archived
5826:Archived
5796:Archived
5792:BBC News
5766:Archived
5762:BBC News
5736:Archived
5703:Archived
5672:Archived
5591:Archived
5565:Archived
5535:Archived
5504:Archived
5386:Archived
5357:Archived
5339:24690631
5220:Archived
5194:Archived
5161:Archived
5157:Stradley
5127:Archived
5123:DealBook
5096:Archived
5070:Archived
5044:Archived
4952:Quackery
4926:Phishing
4891:Interpol
4722:See also
4526:Thailand
4379:Slovenia
4358:Slovakia
4274:Scotland
4148:Portugal
4085:Paraguay
3875:Mongolia
3172:Dominica
3046:Colombia
2983:Bulgaria
2962:Botswana
2836:Barbados
2569:punitive
2395:Scotland
2193:and the
2057:exchange
2053:contract
2049:currency
2001:Internet
1936:contract
1771:Property
1766:Evidence
1616:Replevin
1584:Punitive
1571:Remedies
1445:Defences
1379:Nuisance
1350:absolute
1281:Invitees
1108:chattels
1098:Trespass
1038:Tort law
951:Property
946:Evidence
941:Defenses
890:Insanity
820:Sedition
774:Poaching
738:Regicide
690:Genocide
665:Apostasy
603:Mischief
539:Gambling
504:Burglary
388:Adultery
365:Stabbing
360:Stalking
343:Homicide
306:Menacing
286:Homicide
83:Mens rea
66:Elements
9843:Attempt
9685:Perjury
9651:justice
9619:Treason
9562:smoking
9558:alcohol
9525:Dueling
9510:Begging
9458:Robbery
9438:Looting
9433:Larceny
9415:Forgery
9385:Bribery
9348:Torture
9333:Robbery
9291: (
9244:Frameup
9214:Battery
9209:Assault
9143:Summary
9121:Classes
9057:Outline
8994:History
8901:The bar
8875:Verdict
8823:Counsel
8803:Justice
8658:History
8481:Statute
8297:Charter
8259:Tax law
8207:Probate
7672:Caritas
7649:Pyramid
7602:Kitboga
7472:Carding
7346:Salting
7088:Shyster
6986:Spyware
6969:Romance
6932:Forgery
6910:Charity
6889:Welfare
6869:Benefit
6823:Lottery
6808:carding
6604:Billing
6551:of the
6336:gwu.edu
6280:sec.gov
6250:1286082
6078:prison.
5712:14 July
5571:2 March
4932:Placebo
4802:Forgery
4652:Uruguay
4589:Ukraine
4295:Senegal
4190:Romania
3938:Myanmar
3917:Morocco
3707:Lebanon
3518:Ireland
3476:Iceland
3455:Hungary
3392:Grenada
3350:Germany
3308:Finland
3287:Estonia
3255:England
3214:Ecuador
3151:Denmark
3088:Croatia
2920:Bolivia
2899:Bermuda
2857:Belgium
2815:Bahamas
2773:Austria
2731:Armenia
2689:Algeria
2668:Albania
2646:Country
2022:science
1985:forgery
1961:forgery
1920:defense
1844:A fake
1784:estates
1611:Detinue
1606:Tracing
1589:Special
1579:Damages
1459:Consent
1246:medical
1142:Slander
1070:Battery
1065:Assault
1047:Outline
979:Portals
970:estates
902: (
900:Mistake
885:Infancy
853:Consent
805:Treason
722:smoking
718:alcohol
685:Dueling
670:Begging
644:Perjury
574:Robbery
554:Looting
549:Larceny
529:Forgery
499:Bribery
370:Torture
355:Robbery
313: (
266:Frameup
236:Battery
231:Assault
193:Attempt
9911:Crimes
9773:Incest
9748:Bigamy
9573:Piracy
9560:, and
9443:Payola
9309:felony
9304:Murder
9299:Mayhem
9153:Hybrid
9138:Felony
8975:Police
8946:Agency
8828:Lawyer
8573:Sharia
8464:Treaty
8459:Repeal
8405:Decree
8316:Custom
8212:Estate
8162:Labour
7926:Equity
7687:Ezubao
7547:PayPai
6799:Cheque
6725:Weight
6705:Return
6643:Fixing
6507:
6490:
6460:
6445:
6428:
6248:
6182:24 May
6157:24 May
5455:5 July
5337:
5329:
5293:, 1987
5275:
5267:
5200:23 May
5170:23 May
5133:23 May
4968:SAS 99
4964:(RICO)
4713:
4671:
4650:
4629:
4608:
4587:
4568:Turkey
4566:
4545:
4524:
4503:
4482:
4467:2357.8
4463:Sweden
4461:
4440:
4419:
4398:
4377:
4356:
4335:
4316:Serbia
4314:
4293:
4272:
4251:
4230:
4211:Russia
4209:
4188:
4167:
4146:
4127:Poland
4125:
4104:
4083:
4064:Panama
4062:
4041:
4020:
4001:Norway
3999:
3978:
3957:
3936:
3915:
3894:
3873:
3858:1559.2
3854:Monaco
3852:
3833:Mexico
3831:
3810:
3789:
3768:
3747:
3726:
3705:
3686:Latvia
3684:
3663:
3644:Kosovo
3642:
3621:
3602:Jordan
3600:
3579:
3558:
3539:Israel
3537:
3516:
3495:
3474:
3453:
3434:Guyana
3432:
3411:
3390:
3371:Greece
3369:
3348:
3329:France
3327:
3306:
3285:
3270:1619.5
3233:
3212:
3191:
3170:
3149:
3128:
3109:Cyprus
3107:
3086:
3065:
3044:
3023:
3004:Canada
3002:
2981:
2960:
2939:
2918:
2897:
2878:Belize
2876:
2855:
2834:
2813:
2792:
2771:
2750:
2729:
2708:
2687:
2666:
2412:Canada
2222:Europe
2177:fined.
2173:fined.
2157:, the
2061:assets
1782:, and
1780:trusts
1744:Other
1731:Taiwan
1701:Canada
1654:Delict
1621:Trover
1346:Strict
1032:series
966:trusts
904:of law
868:Duress
733:Piracy
720:, and
559:Payola
418:Incest
393:Bigamy
331:felony
326:Murder
321:Mayhem
154:Felony
9906:Fraud
9605:state
9554:drugs
9473:Theft
9419:Fraud
9370:Arson
9101:crime
9050:Index
8916:Court
8860:Trial
8766:Judge
8607:Yassa
8410:Edict
7956:Civil
7909:Crime
7786:Lists
7083:Shill
6991:Vomit
6974:Bride
6813:Forex
6678:Phone
6628:Email
6590:fraud
6528:fraud
6246:JSTOR
6045:LexUM
6026:LexUM
5997:(PDF)
5986:(PDF)
5890:8 May
5706:(PDF)
5699:(PDF)
5449:(PDF)
5442:(PDF)
5273:S2CID
5164:(PDF)
5153:(PDF)
4882:(IRS)
4793:(FBI)
4680:2022
4659:2022
4656:576.8
4638:2022
4635:272.1
4617:2016
4596:2020
4575:2014
4572:109.7
4554:2020
4533:2022
4512:2018
4505:Syria
4491:2022
4488:294.7
4470:2022
4449:2022
4428:2018
4407:2022
4404:921.4
4400:Spain
4386:2022
4383:172.7
4365:2022
4344:2022
4341:568.2
4323:2022
4302:2016
4281:2022
4278:307.3
4260:2022
4257:309.7
4239:2022
4218:2020
4215:226.0
4197:2022
4176:2017
4155:2022
4152:434.9
4134:2022
4131:437.9
4113:2022
4092:2022
4089:122.0
4071:2022
4068:110.2
4050:2022
4029:2022
4008:2022
4005:424.1
3987:2020
3966:2016
3963:367.9
3945:2022
3924:2022
3903:2022
3882:2020
3879:129.6
3861:2016
3840:2022
3819:2022
3816:292.9
3812:Malta
3798:2022
3795:189.2
3791:Macau
3777:2022
3774:724.1
3756:2022
3753:144.3
3735:2022
3732:500.9
3714:2015
3693:2022
3690:126.1
3672:2020
3669:276.3
3651:2020
3630:2022
3623:Kenya
3609:2022
3588:2022
3581:Japan
3567:2022
3564:694.8
3560:Italy
3546:2022
3543:210.5
3525:2022
3522:204.2
3504:2018
3483:2022
3480:146.4
3462:2022
3459:209.1
3441:2022
3420:2020
3399:2022
3378:2022
3357:2022
3354:961.3
3336:2022
3333:401.5
3315:2022
3312:973.1
3294:2022
3291:197.0
3273:2021
3266:Wales
3242:2022
3239:100.5
3221:2022
3218:187.1
3200:2020
3179:2022
3158:2022
3155:972.1
3137:2022
3134:153.4
3116:2022
3095:2022
3074:2022
3071:319.8
3053:2022
3050:119.1
3032:2022
3029:374.6
3025:Chile
3011:2022
3008:464.9
2990:2022
2969:2020
2948:2022
2927:2022
2906:2016
2903:137.9
2885:2020
2864:2020
2861:808.8
2843:2022
2822:2022
2819:132.4
2801:2020
2780:2022
2777:787.8
2759:2022
2738:2018
2717:2022
2696:2022
2675:2022
2654:Year
2388:Cifas
2365:Cifas
2202:India
2149:China
2069:payee
1997:phone
1922:in a
1858:fraud
1776:Wills
1748:areas
1726:Japan
1721:India
1706:China
1659:civil
1431:Fraud
1241:legal
1145:Libel
962:Wills
956:Torts
714:drugs
589:Theft
534:Fraud
484:Arson
9798:Rape
8798:Jury
8746:Fiqh
8602:Xeer
8000:Tort
7916:Deed
7073:Scam
7009:list
6964:Scam
6942:Hoax
6884:Visa
6806:and
6784:Bank
6730:Wine
6638:Food
6619:Drug
6505:ISBN
6488:ISBN
6458:ISBN
6443:ISBN
6426:ISBN
6402:2024
6378:2023
6348:2023
6318:2013
6292:2017
6262:2021
6211:2017
6184:2017
6159:2017
6129:2017
6103:2017
6073:2017
6005:2012
5968:2013
5942:2013
5892:2023
5834:2017
5804:2016
5774:2016
5744:2016
5714:2016
5680:2017
5649:2017
5599:2017
5573:2021
5543:2023
5512:2023
5457:2020
5425:2023
5394:2022
5335:PMID
5327:ISSN
5265:ISSN
5228:2013
5202:2020
5172:2020
5135:2020
5104:2013
5078:2013
5052:2016
4973:Scam
4860:Hoax
4614:45.4
4593:58.5
4551:33.1
4530:27.0
4425:28.2
4362:37.6
4320:46.3
4236:37.8
4194:62.4
4173:10.5
4110:75.4
4106:Peru
4047:20.6
4026:36.5
4022:Oman
3984:58.8
3921:28.7
3837:87.9
3648:28.0
3606:36.0
3585:30.6
3396:51.8
3375:99.0
3257:and
3197:36.8
3176:37.1
3113:38.2
3092:86.5
2987:33.9
2945:18.1
2840:42.3
2798:20.3
2756:32.2
2735:53.1
2714:25.6
2672:34.1
2466:The
2380:The
2369:The
2363:and
2323:and
2214:and
2144:Asia
2126:Cost
2118:and
2099:data
2029:hoax
2007:and
1993:wire
1989:mail
1926:for
1898:tort
1661:and
1348:and
1103:land
968:and
443:Rape
172:(or
156:(or
7870:Law
7737:MMM
7651:and
7453:and
6853:Tax
6663:Job
6238:doi
5355:".
5317:doi
5255:doi
5251:174
4677:0.0
4509:3.6
4446:1.0
4299:0.1
3942:3.8
3900:6.2
3711:3.0
3627:0.9
3501:9.6
3438:4.9
3417:0.5
2966:7.4
2924:0.0
2882:0.0
2693:3.1
2425:380
2399:In
2163:诈骗罪
2017:PII
2011:).
1934:of
1930:or
1860:is
1854:law
1852:In
987:Law
9902::
9556:,
9485:,
8304:/
6621:/
6486:.
6441:.
6424:.
6386:^
6368:.
6364:.
6338:.
6334:.
6278:.
6252:.
6244:.
6234:56
6232:.
6228:.
6201:.
6175:.
6145:.
6120:.
6075:.
6059:.
5988:.
5914:,
5908:,
5882:.
5876:.
5842:^
5820:.
5790:.
5760:.
5734:.
5730:.
5670:.
5666:.
5615:.
5563:.
5559:.
5533:.
5529:.
5502:.
5498:.
5487:^
5411:.
5384:.
5380:.
5368:^
5333:.
5325:.
5313:68
5311:.
5307:.
5271:.
5263:.
5249:.
5245:.
5192:.
5188:.
5159:.
5155:.
5125:.
5121:.
2601:,
2564:.
2521:a
2377:.
2351:.
2218:.
2075:.
2027:A
1995:,
1991:,
1959:,
1955:,
1942:.
1904:.
1856:,
1778:,
964:,
716:,
601:,
9564:)
9295:)
9092:e
9085:t
9078:v
7862:e
7855:t
7848:v
7053:e
7046:t
7039:v
6581:e
6574:t
6567:v
6404:.
6380:.
6350:.
6320:.
6294:.
6264:.
6240::
6213:.
6186:.
6161:.
6131:.
6105:.
6007:.
5970:.
5944:.
5894:.
5836:.
5806:.
5776:.
5746:.
5716:.
5682:.
5651:.
5601:.
5575:.
5545:.
5514:.
5459:.
5427:.
5396:.
5341:.
5319::
5279:.
5257::
5230:.
5204:.
5174:.
5137:.
5106:.
5080:.
5054:.
4742:)
2161:(
2003:(
1979:"
1829:e
1822:t
1815:v
1665:)
1049:)
1045:(
1014:e
1007:t
1000:v
906:)
724:)
317:)
176:)
160:)
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
