104:
439:
125:
425:
822:
1132:
953:
was firstly the lordship of
Joscelin I when he was not yet the count of Edessa. It controlled the area west of the Euphrates, and held the border against Antioch. It then was a special holding of Courtenay counts of Edessa, and again became their seat after the loss of the city of Edessa. It was sold
841:
in terms of territory but had one of the smallest populations. Edessa itself had about 10,000 inhabitants. The rest of the county consisted mostly of fortresses. The county's territory extended from
Antioch in the west to across the Euphrates in the east at its greatest extent. It also often
759:
and did not want the title. Edessa was given to
Joscelin in 1119. Joscelin was taken prisoner once again in 1122; when Baldwin came to rescue him, he too was captured, and Jerusalem was left without its king. Joscelin escaped in 1123, and obtained Baldwin's release the next year.
792:
in 1144, capturing it on 24 December that year. Joscelin continued to rule his lands west of the
Euphrates, and he also managed to take advantage of the death of Zengi in September 1146 to regain and briefly hold his old capital. The city was
736:
actually governed the territory), until
Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers.
546:, and subsequent counts were his cousins. Unlike the other Crusader states, the county was landlocked. It was remote from the other states and was not on particularly good terms with its closest neighbor, the
577:. All the later Crusades, however, were troubled by strategic uncertainties and disagreements. The Second Crusade did not even try to recover Edessa, calculating it to be strategically better to take
1012: Ferdinandi, Sergio (2017). La Contea Franca di Edessa. Fondazione e Profilo Storico del Primo Principato Crociato nel Levante (1098-1150). Pontificia Università Antonianum - Rome.
954:
with the remaining parts of the county to the
Byzantines just before it was conquered by Muslims. After the sale, the wife and family of Joscelin II moved with the proceeds to the
103:
1638:
400:
386:
634:
or abdicated, and it is debated whether
Baldwin played a role in this. Nonetheless, Baldwin succeeded Thoros as ruler, taking the title of count (having been
1357:
1713:
1693:
1688:
124:
1668:
748:
of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power.
801:, and was kept a prisoner in Aleppo until he died in 1159. His wife sold Turbessel and what was left of the county to the Byzantine Emperor
1678:
1190:
432:
1648:
1350:
1048:
1663:
1708:
664:
subjects, and there were frequent intermarriages; the first three counts all married
Armenians. Count Baldwin's wife had died in
1673:
784:
and began to threaten Edessa. Meanwhile, Joscelin II paid little attention to the security of his county, and argued with the
554:, far to the east, rendering it particularly vulnerable. The west part of the Euphrates was controlled from the stronghold of
1017:
1703:
1683:
1343:
1087:
993:
1220:
1698:
1312:
720:
in 1103, and, with
Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by
1366:
971:
677:
1658:
1421:
1261:
1195:
1041:
1282:
295:
1587:
1243:
1116:
1718:
1556:
729:
622:, who eventually became the first queen of Jerusalem. Thoros was a Christian of Armenian origin but of
1653:
1643:
859:
224:
1180:
1034:
513:
653:, who became lord of the fortress of Turbessel on the Euphrates, an important outpost against the
1160:
1094:
1066:
898:
863:
813:
within a year. Edessa was the first
Crusader state to be created, and also the first to be lost.
681:
646:
623:
547:
20:
1335:
1185:
1165:
1153:
892:
847:
794:
789:
751:
Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when Baldwin I died in 1118. Although
599:
566:
509:
438:
280:
1612:
1272:
1267:
713:
630:
subjects, which led to his removal from power in March 1098. Different sources claim he was
1617:
1082:
955:
937:
693:
650:
1496:
8:
1602:
1597:
1461:
1277:
1208:
982:
689:
685:
642:
535:
57:
1431:
1292:
810:
1476:
1446:
1416:
1317:
1213:
1200:
1175:
1104:
908:
904:
843:
733:
627:
163:
114:
1551:
1521:
1121:
1111:
1013:
802:
785:
773:
543:
486:
349:
220:
202:
110:
85:
1592:
1582:
1531:
1511:
1411:
1230:
806:
798:
725:
615:
529:
505:
391:
345:
309:
232:
198:
846:. To the south and east were the powerful Muslim cities of Aleppo and Mosul, and
1486:
1441:
1170:
1057:
855:
838:
830:
797:
in November, and Joscelin barely escaped. In 1150 he was captured by Zengi's son
768:
Joscelin was gravely injured during a siege in 1131 and was succeeded by his son
669:
635:
619:
539:
521:
517:
258:
251:
228:
184:
71:
1287:
1203:
1561:
1506:
1406:
1254:
1249:
875:
871:
574:
494:
482:
418:
210:
144:
43:
1131:
821:
724:, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the
1632:
1426:
1235:
631:
405:
322:
528:
arrived, it was still important enough to tempt a side-expedition after the
1607:
1536:
1516:
1148:
1140:
929:
654:
1546:
1526:
1456:
1436:
922:
867:
769:
752:
717:
1481:
1386:
916:
709:
582:
520:, which provided a stepping stone for the subsequent translations into
191:
159:
1541:
1451:
950:
870:. Although the numbers of Latins always remained small, there was a
826:
741:
607:
555:
551:
550:. Half of the county, including its capital, was located east of the
153:
1501:
1491:
1466:
1401:
1396:
1322:
1074:
673:
578:
570:
525:
1026:
618:, to adopt him as son and heir. He also married Thoros' daughter,
1566:
1471:
1365:
705:
661:
611:
603:
602:
left the main Crusading army, which was travelling south towards
508:
period, Edessa became the centre of intellectual life within the
240:
1391:
777:
756:
745:
665:
559:
498:
490:
461:
206:
167:
148:
138:
49:
704:
Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern
19:
This article is about the Crusader state. For other uses, see
781:
721:
474:
457:
236:
178:
755:
had a better claim as the late Baldwin's brother, he was in
641:
In 1100, Baldwin became King of Jerusalem when his brother,
1381:
1299:
959:
851:
512:. As such it also became the centre for the translation of
874:
archbishop. The fall of the city was the catalyst for the
562:, but the County may not have extended quite that far.
581:. But the campaign failed and Edessa was lost for the
668:
in 1097, and after he succeeded to Edessa he married
660:
The Frankish lords formed a good rapport with their
614:, then east to Edessa, where he convinced its lord,
129:
The expansion of the county of Edessa prior to 1131.
699:
1639:States and territories disestablished in the 1140s
645:, died. The County of Edessa passed to his cousin
1630:
816:
77:
16:Crusader state in the Levant from 1098 to 1144
1351:
1042:
63:
1191:County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos
788:who then refused to come to his aid. Zengi
35:
1714:States and territories established in 1098
1358:
1344:
1049:
1035:
123:
1694:12th century in the Kingdom of Jerusalem
1689:11th century in the Kingdom of Jerusalem
945:
820:
569:in 1144 was the first major setback for
638:as a vassal of his brother in Europe).
558:. The eastern border of Edessa was the
1631:
626:religion and largely disliked by his
1669:Feudalism in the Kingdom of Jerusalem
1339:
1030:
837:Edessa was one of the largest of the
763:
805:, but these lands were conquered by
588:
64:
1056:
994:Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
886:
696:married a daughter of Constantine.
13:
732:became regent in Edessa (although
672:, a granddaughter of the Armenian
14:
1730:
712:. He helped secure the ransom of
1649:Lordships of the Crusader states
1367:States in late medieval Anatolia
1130:
972:Officers of the County of Edessa
700:Conflicts with Muslim neighbours
437:
423:
398:
384:
102:
1664:Counties of the Crusader states
854:). The inhabitants were mostly
740:In 1110, all lands east of the
1709:1150 disestablishments in Asia
1262:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
1149:Latin Empire of Constantinople
1006:
842:occupied land as far north as
109:Coat of arms of the houses of
1:
1679:History of Şanlıurfa Province
1674:Former countries in West Asia
1196:Lordship of Argos and Nauplia
999:
940:, titular Countess from 1200
881:
833:are marked with a red cross.
7:
1704:1098 establishments in Asia
1684:States in medieval Anatolia
1588:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
1244:State of the Teutonic Order
1117:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
987:
965:
817:Population and demographics
610:. He went first south into
593:
489:. Its seat was the city of
10:
1735:
980:
969:
18:
1699:Medieval history of Syria
1575:
1374:
1308:
1229:
1139:
1128:
1073:
1064:
976:
932:, titular Count from 1159
453:
363:
359:
342:
332:
319:
315:
305:
301:
286:
271:
267:
257:
247:
225:Armenian Apostolic Church
216:
174:
134:
122:
99:
94:
78:
30:
1181:Duchy of the Archipelago
514:Ancient Greek philosophy
1161:Kingdom of Thessalonica
1095:Principality of Antioch
1067:List of Crusader states
911:as governor (1104–1108)
825:A political map of the
548:Principality of Antioch
348:, and the rest sold to
50:
21:Edessa (disambiguation)
1659:1st house of Courtenay
1283:Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek
1186:Triarchy of Negroponte
1166:Principality of Achaea
1154:Duchy of Philippopolis
862:Christians, with some
834:
510:Syriac Orthodox Church
158:(modern-day Gündoğan,
156:(1144–1146; 1146–1150)
36:
1613:Philaretos Brachamios
1273:Bishopric of Courland
1268:Archbishopric of Riga
946:Lordship of Turbessel
824:
714:Bohemond I of Antioch
694:Joscelin of Courtenay
651:Joscelin of Courtenay
481:) was a 12th-century
334:• Establishment
182:(official/ceremonial)
175:Common languages
1083:Kingdom of Jerusalem
956:Kingdom of Jerusalem
728:. Bohemond's cousin
344:• Conquered by
1603:Knights Hospitaller
1598:Empire of Trebizond
1278:Bishopric of Dorpat
1209:Knights Hospitaller
983:Bishopric of Edessa
753:Eustace of Boulogne
690:Gabriel of Melitene
649:. He was joined by
643:Godfrey of Bouillon
600:Baldwin of Boulogne
536:Baldwin of Boulogne
479:Comitatus Edessanus
392:Edessa under Thoros
37:Comitatus Edessanus
1477:Kadi Burhan al-Din
1318:Crusading movement
1214:Hospitaller Rhodes
1176:Duchy of Neopatras
925:1131–1144, d. 1159
909:Richard of Salerno
905:Tancred of Galilee
835:
809:and the Sultan of
764:Fall of the county
734:Richard of Salerno
628:Armenian Apostolic
419:Emirate of Zengids
79:Եդեսիոյ Կոմսութիւն
1719:Former monarchies
1626:
1625:
1333:
1332:
1300:Free City of Riga
1122:Kingdom of Cyprus
1112:County of Tripoli
1018:978-88-7257-103-3
860:Armenian Orthodox
803:Manuel I Comnenus
790:besieged the city
786:counts of Tripoli
682:Baldwin of Bourcq
647:Baldwin of Bourcq
589:History of Edessa
573:and provoked the
544:king of Jerusalem
487:Upper Mesopotamia
467:
466:
449:
448:
445:
444:
411:
410:
350:Manuel I Komnenos
288:• 1131–1150
273:• 1098–1100
221:Roman Catholicism
141:(1098–1144; 1146)
1726:
1654:Counts of Edessa
1644:County of Edessa
1593:Empire of Nicaea
1583:Byzantine Empire
1576:Christian states
1532:Sultanate of Rum
1360:
1353:
1346:
1337:
1336:
1293:Order of Dobrzyń
1221:Genoese colonies
1134:
1100:County of Edessa
1051:
1044:
1037:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1010:
907:as regent, with
887:Counts of Edessa
772:. By this time,
726:Battle of Harran
688:, a daughter of
530:siege of Antioch
471:County of Edessa
441:
433:Byzantine Empire
427:
426:
415:
414:
402:
401:
388:
387:
381:
380:
365:
364:
346:Nur ad-Din Zengi
310:High Middle Ages
291:
276:
233:Syriac Orthodoxy
196:
189:
183:
127:
106:
89:
81:
80:
75:
67:
66:
61:
53:
47:
39:
32:County of Edessa
28:
27:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1618:Zaccaria family
1571:
1370:
1364:
1334:
1329:
1313:Military orders
1304:
1233:
1225:
1171:Duchy of Athens
1135:
1126:
1069:
1060:
1058:Crusader states
1055:
1025:
1024:
1011:
1007:
1002:
990:
985:
979:
974:
968:
948:
889:
884:
866:Christians and
856:Syriac Orthodox
839:Crusader states
831:Crusader states
819:
766:
702:
636:Count of Verdun
620:Arda of Armenia
596:
591:
540:count of Edessa
460:
424:
399:
385:
352:
335:
325:
292:
289:
277:
274:
259:Count of Edessa
252:Feudal monarchy
229:Greek Orthodoxy
209:
205:
201:
197:
194:
190:
187:
181:
157:
152:
142:
130:
118:
117:
107:
90:
83:
76:
69:
62:
55:
48:
41:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1732:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1507:Ottoman Empire
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1407:Candaroğulları
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1255:Livonian Order
1252:
1250:Teutonic Order
1240:
1238:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1206:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1145:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1079:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1004:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
996:
989:
986:
981:Main article:
978:
975:
970:Main article:
967:
964:
947:
944:
943:
942:
934:
926:
920:
914:
913:
912:
896:
888:
885:
883:
880:
876:Second Crusade
872:Roman Catholic
864:Greek Orthodox
844:Armenia proper
818:
815:
765:
762:
701:
698:
624:Greek Orthodox
595:
592:
590:
587:
575:Second Crusade
567:fall of Edessa
483:Crusader state
465:
464:
455:
451:
450:
447:
446:
443:
442:
435:
429:
428:
421:
412:
409:
408:
403:
395:
394:
389:
377:
376:
371:
361:
360:
357:
356:
353:
343:
340:
339:
336:
333:
330:
329:
326:
320:
317:
316:
313:
312:
307:
306:Historical era
303:
302:
299:
298:
293:
287:
284:
283:
278:
272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
261:
255:
254:
249:
245:
244:
218:
214:
213:
176:
172:
171:
136:
132:
131:
128:
120:
119:
108:
101:
100:
97:
96:
92:
91:
51:Conté de Édese
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1731:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1427:Danishmendids
1425:
1423:
1422:Çubukoğulları
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:Muslim states
1373:
1368:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1005:
995:
992:
991:
984:
973:
963:
961:
957:
952:
941:
939:
935:
933:
931:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
910:
906:
903:
902:
900:
897:
894:
891:
890:
879:
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744:were lost to
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65:ܐܘܪܗܝ ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ
59:
52:
45:
38:
29:
26:
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1608:Latin Empire
1537:Sahib Ataids
1517:Qara Qoyunlu
1369:(after 1071)
1288:Dobrzyń Land
1204:Stato da Màr
1099:
1008:
949:
936:
930:Joscelin III
928:
868:Arab Muslims
836:
767:
750:
739:
703:
659:
655:Seljuk Turks
640:
632:assassinated
597:
564:
538:, the first
534:
504:In the late
503:
478:
470:
468:
374:Succeeded by
373:
368:
223:(official),
143:(modern-day
25:
1557:Tanrıbermiş
1552:Tacettinids
1547:Sarukhanids
1527:Shah-Armens
1512:Pervâneoğlu
1497:Mengüjekids
1457:Germiyanids
1437:Dulkadirids
923:Joscelin II
776:had united
770:Joscelin II
718:Danishmends
678:Constantine
524:. When the
369:Preceded by
296:Joscelin II
1633:Categories
1522:Ramadanids
1482:Karamanids
1432:Dilmachids
1387:Aq Qoyunlu
1000:References
917:Joscelin I
901:1100–1118
899:Baldwin II
882:Government
850:(northern
848:the Jazira
807:Nur ad-Din
799:Nur ad-Din
795:again lost
710:Asia Minor
583:Christians
248:Government
192:Old French
58:Old French
1542:Saltukids
1452:Eshrefids
1417:Chobanids
951:Turbessel
919:1118–1131
895:1098–1100
893:Baldwin I
878:in 1146.
829:in 1135.
827:Near East
742:Euphrates
716:from the
608:Jerusalem
598:In 1098,
556:Turbessel
552:Euphrates
542:, became
506:Byzantine
495:Şanlıurfa
328:1096–1099
281:Baldwin I
243:(popular)
217:Religion
195:(popular)
188:(popular)
164:Gaziantep
154:Turbessel
145:Şanlıurfa
115:Courtenay
95:1098–1144
1502:Menteshe
1487:Karasids
1467:Hamidids
1462:Hacıemir
1447:Erzincan
1442:Eretnids
1402:Aydinids
1397:Artuqids
1323:Crusades
1201:Venetian
988:See also
966:Officers
938:Beatrice
684:married
674:Roupenid
662:Armenian
594:Founding
579:Damascus
571:Outremer
526:crusades
493:(modern
203:Armenian
111:Boulogne
86:Armenian
1567:Tzachas
1472:Inalids
1236:Livonia
1231:Prussia
1088:vassals
958:, near
730:Tancred
706:Assyria
686:Morphia
676:Prince
612:Cilicia
604:Antioch
321:•
275:(first)
241:Judaism
199:Italian
160:Oğuzeli
135:Capital
1392:Alaiye
1141:Greece
1105:Marash
1075:Levant
1016:
977:Church
778:Aleppo
757:France
746:Mawdud
692:, and
666:Marash
616:Thoros
560:Tigris
522:Arabic
518:Syriac
499:Turkey
491:Edessa
462:Turkey
290:(last)
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207:Arabic
185:Syriac
168:Turkey
149:Turkey
139:Edessa
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1492:Ladik
1412:Canik
782:Mosul
774:Zengi
722:Mosul
516:into
475:Latin
458:Syria
237:Islam
211:Greek
179:Latin
44:Latin
1562:Teke
1382:Ahis
1234:and
1014:ISBN
960:Acre
858:and
852:Iraq
780:and
708:and
670:Arda
606:and
565:The
469:The
355:1144
338:1098
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