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responsibilities among various federal agencies. He also stated that the blatant mishandling of the Ebola virus outbreak in 2014 attested to the government's lack of preparation. This past May, legislation that would create a national defense strategy was introduced in the Senate, coinciding with the timing of ISIS-affiliated terrorist groups get closer to weaponizing biological agents. In May 2016, Kenyan officials apprehended two members of an
Islamic extremist group in motion to set off a biological bomb containing anthrax. Mohammed Abdi Ali, the believed leader of the group, who was a medical intern, was arrested along with his wife, a medical student. The two were caught just before carrying out their plan. The Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense, which comprises a group of experts on national security and government officials, in which Gerstein had previously testified to, submitted its National Blueprint for Biodefense to Congress in October 2015 listing their recommendations for devising an effective plan.
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2045:(NYC DOHMH) in the wake of the 9/11 attacks. The system works by tracking the symptoms of those taken into the emergency departmentâbased on the location of the hospital to which they are taken and their home addressâand assessing any patterns in symptoms. These established trends can then be observed by medical epidemiologists to determine if there are any disease outbreaks in any particular locales; maps of disease prevalence can then be created rather easily. This is an obviously beneficial tool in fighting bioterrorism as it provides a means through which such attacks could be discovered in their nascence; assuming bioterrorist attacks result in similar symptoms across the board, this strategy allows New York City to respond immediately to any bioterrorist threats that they may face with some level of alacrity.
1817:. The significance of this program should not be overlooked as âthere is currently enough smallpox vaccine to inoculate every United States citizen⌠and a variety of therapeutic drugs to treat the infected.â The Department of Defense also has a variety of laboratories currently working to increase the quantity and efficacy of countermeasures that comprise the national stockpile. Efforts have also been taken to ensure that these medical countermeasures can be disseminated effectively in the event of a bioterrorist attack. The National Association of Chain Drug Stores championed this cause by encouraging the participation of the private sector in improving the distribution of such countermeasures if required.
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pre-1970 will have been vaccinated for smallpox under the WHO program, the effectiveness of vaccination is limited since the vaccine provides high level of immunity for only 3 to 5 years. Revaccination's protection lasts longer. As a biological weapon smallpox is dangerous because of the highly contagious nature of both the infected and their pox. Also, the infrequency with which vaccines are administered among the general population since the eradication of the disease would leave most people unprotected in the event of an outbreak. Smallpox occurs only in humans, and has no external hosts or vectors.
892:, cannot. Bioterrorism may be favored because biological agents are relatively easy and inexpensive to obtain, can be easily disseminated, and can cause widespread fear and panic beyond the actual physical damage. Military leaders, however, have learned that, as a military asset, bioterrorism has some important limitations; it is difficult to use a bioweapon in a way that only affects the enemy and not friendly forces. A biological weapon is useful to terrorists mainly as a method of creating mass panic and disruption to a state or a country. However, technologists such as
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1804:, Bob Stallman, assistant director at the New York State Preparedness Training Center, said, "We're constantly seeing whatâs happening around the world and we tailor our training courses and events for those types of real-world events." For the first time, the 2016 training program implemented New York's new electronic system. The system, called NY Responds, electronically connects every county in New York to aid in disaster response and recovery. As a result, "counties have access to a new technology known as Mutualink, which improves
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Resilience is a multifaceted issue as well, as addressed by OHA. One way in which this is ensured is through exercises that establish preparedness; programs like the
Anthrax Response Exercise Series exist to ensure that, regardless of the incident, all emergency personnel will be aware of the role they must fill. Moreover, by providing information and education to public leaders, emergency medical services and all employees of the DHS, OHS suggests it can significantly decrease the impact of bioterrorism.
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commissioner, Howard Safir, to explain how the government would fare in combating such an attack. He said how "biological and chemical weapons are probable and relatively easy to disperse." Furthermore, Safir thought that efficiency in bioterrorism preparedness is not necessarily a question of money, but is instead dependent on putting resources in the right places. The broadcast suggested that the nation was not ready for something more serious.
986:, a highly contagious and incurable disease. Although the disease has been eliminated in the wild, frozen stocks of smallpox virus are still maintained by the governments of the United States and Russia. Disastrous consequences are feared if rogue politicians or terrorists were to get hold of the smallpox strains. Since vaccination programs are now terminated, the world population is more susceptible to smallpox than ever before.
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been recently made more robust against bioterrorism agents. All of these technologies combine to form what seems like a relatively strong deterrent to bioterrorism. However, New York City as an entity has numerous organizations and strategies that effectively serve to deter and respond to bioterrorism as it comes. From here the logical progression is into the realm of New York City's specific strategies to prevent bioterrorism.
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to implement a strategic plan of action to save as many lives as possible and to safeguard against potential chaos and confusion. He believes that because there have been no significant instances of bioterrorism since the anthrax attacks in 2001, the government has allowed itself to become complacent making the country that much more vulnerable to unsuspecting attacks, thereby further endangering the lives of U.S. citizens.
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1242:. The ability of Anthrax to produce within small spores, or bacilli bacterium, makes it readily permeable to porous skin and can cause abrupt symptoms within 24 hours of exposure. The dispersal of this pathogen among densely populated areas is said to carry less than one percent mortality rate, for cutaneous exposure, to a ninety percent or higher mortality for untreated inhalational infections. An
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the amount of money available to fight bioterrorism over the last three years has begun to decrease. Looking at a detailed report that examined the funding decrease for bioterrorism in fifty-one
American cities, Dr. Gupta stated that the cities "wouldnât be able to distribute vaccines as well" and "wouldn't be able to track viruses." He also said that film portrayals of global pandemics, such as
1940:. RODS is designed to collect data from many data sources and use them to perform signal detection, that is, to detect a possible bioterrorism event at the earliest possible moment. RODS, and other systems like it, collect data from sources including clinic data, laboratory data, and data from over-the-counter drug sales. In 2000, Michael Wagner, the codirector of the RODS laboratory, and
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by The
Washington Post as "the most important innovation in the synthetic biology space in nearly 30 years." While other methods take months or years to edit gene sequences, CRISPR speeds that time up to weeks. However, due to its ease of use and accessibility, it has raised a number of ethical concerns, especially surrounding its use in the biohacking space.
1346:. The disease has a history of use in biological warfare dating back many centuries, and is considered a threat due to its ease of culture and ability to remain in circulation among local rodents for a long period of time. The weaponized threat comes mainly in the form of pneumonic plague (infection by inhalation) It was the disease that caused the
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Services (DHSES) in 2006. It cost $ 42 million to construct on over 1100 acres and is available for training 360 days a year. Students from SUNY Albany's
College of Emergency Preparedness, Homeland Security and Cybersecurity, were able to participate in this year's exercise and learn how "DHSES supports law enforcement specialty teams."
1183:, which regulates the laboratories which may possess, use, or transfer select agents within the United States. As with US attempts to categorize harmful recreational drugs, designer viruses are not yet categorized and avian H5N1 has been shown to achieve high mortality and human-communication in a laboratory setting.
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United States. Cong. House. Committee on
Homeland Security. Taking Measure of Countermeasures. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Response and Communications of the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, April 13,
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United States. Cong. House. Committee on
Homeland Security. First Responder Technologies: Ensuring a Prioritized Approach for Homeland Security Research and Development: Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Response and Communications and the Subcommittee on Cybersecurity,
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and an internationally recognized expert on public health preparedness, pandemic and emerging infectious disease said in 2017 that the lack of an internationally standardized approval process that could be used to guide countries in conducting public health experiments for resurrecting a disease that
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reported that the U.S. military in
November was trying to develop a vaccine for troops from the bacteria that cause the disease Q fever, an agent the military once used as a biological weapon. In February 2014, the former special assistant and senior director for biodefense policy to President George
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On a CNN news broadcast in 2011, the CNN chief medical correspondent, Dr. Sanjay Gupta, weighed in on the
American government's recent approach to bioterrorist threats. He explains how, even though the United States would be better fending off bioterrorist attacks now than they would be a decade ago,
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by a microbiologist at the US Army
Medical Research Institute of Infection Disease on the offices of several United States senators in late 2001. The anthrax was in a powder form and it was delivered by the mail. This bioterrorist attack inevitably prompted seven cases of cutaneous anthrax and eleven
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There are multiple considerable scenarios, how terrorists might employ biological agents. In 2000, tests conducted by various US agencies showed that indoor attacks in densely populated spaces are much more serious than outdoor attacks. Such enclosed spaces are large buildings, trains, indoor arenas,
1944:, a subcontractor, conceived the idea of obtaining live data feeds from "non-traditional" (non-health-care) data sources. The RODS laboratory's first efforts eventually led to the establishment of the National Retail Data Monitor, a system which collects data from 20,000 retail locations nationwide.
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In a September 2016 interview conducted by Homeland Preparedness News, Daniel Gerstein, a senior policy researcher for the RAND Corporation, stresses the importance in preparing for potential bioterrorist attacks on the nation. He implored the U.S. government to take the proper and necessary actions
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Enhanced equipment for first responders. One recent advancement is the commercialization of a new form of Tyvex⢠armor which protects first responders and patients from chemical and biological contaminants. There has also been a new generation of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses (SCBA) which has
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Planning may involve the development of biological identification systems. Until recently in the United States, most biological defense strategies have been geared to protecting soldiers on the battlefield rather than ordinary people in cities. Financial cutbacks have limited the tracking of disease
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cases of inhalation anthrax, with five leading to deaths. Additionally, an estimated 10 to 26 cases had prevented fatality through treatment supplied to over 30,000 individuals. Anthrax is one of the few biological agents that federal employees have been vaccinated for. In the US an anthrax vaccine,
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Bioterrorism agents are typically found in nature, but could be mutated or altered to increase their ability to cause disease, make them resistant to current medicines, or to increase their ability to be spread into the environment. Biological agents can be spread through the air, water, or in food.
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Most of the biosecurity concerns in synthetic biology, however, are focused on the role of DNA synthesis and the risk of producing genetic material of lethal viruses (e.g. 1918 Spanish flu, polio) in the lab. The CRISPR/Cas system has emerged as a promising technique for gene editing. It was hailed
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published an article with the title "Bioterrorism: A Dirty Little Threat With Huge Potential Consequences." In November 2013, Fox News reported on a new strain of botulism, saying that the Centers for Disease and Control lists botulism as one of two agents that have "the highest risks of mortality
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were used as a weapon, the bacteria would likely be made airborne for exposure by inhalation. People who inhale an infectious aerosol would generally experience severe respiratory illness, including life-threatening pneumonia and systemic infection, if they are not treated. The bacteria that cause
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released anthrax in Tokyo. Eyewitnesses reported a foul odor. The attack was a failure, because it did not infect a single person. The reason for this is due to the fact that the group used the vaccine strain of the bacterium. The spores which were recovered from the site of the attack showed that
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by integrating telephone, radio, video, and file-sharing into one application to allow local emergency staff to share real-time information with the state and other counties." The State Preparedness Training Center in Oriskany was designed by the State Division of Homeland Security, and Emergency
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Implementation of the Generation-3 automated detection system. This advancement is significant simply because it enables action to be taken in four to six hours due to its automatic response system, whereas the previous system required aerosol detectors to be manually transported to laboratories.
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program in which collection devices are disseminated to thirty high risk areas throughout the country to detect the presence of aerosolized biological agents before symptoms present in patients. This is significant primarily because it allows a more proactive response to a disease outbreak rather
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in the world in the 1970s, thanks to a worldwide vaccination program. However, some virus samples are still available in Russian and American laboratories. Some believe that after the collapse of the Soviet Union, cultures of smallpox have become available in other countries. Although people born
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offer the high gain, reliability and robustness needed to detect anthrax and other bioterrorism agents in the air. The fabrication methods and device characteristics were described at the 50th Electronic Materials Conference in Santa Barbara on June 25, 2008. Details of the photodiodes were also
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Enhancing the technological capabilities of first responders is accomplished through numerous strategies. The first of these strategies was developed by the Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) of DHS to ensure that the danger of suspicious powders could be effectively assessed, (as many
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victims of a simulated bioterrorism attack at the Armed Forces Reserve Center during the Portland Area Capabilities Exercise (PACE) Setter at Camp Withycombe in Clackamas, Oregon, May 22, 2013. The purpose of the PACE Setter exercise is to test regional and interagency response to public health
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Resolution 1540 "affirms that the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and their means of delivery constitutes a threat to international peace and security. The resolution obliges States, inter alia, to refrain from supporting by any means non-State actors from developing,
1879:, said a worldwide pandemic could end the lives of more people than a nuclear war. Lieberman also expressed worry that a terrorist group like ISIS could develop a synthetic influenza strain and introduce it to the world to kill civilians. In July 2017, Robert C. Hutchinson, former agent at the
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Anti-agriculture attacks are considered to require relatively little expertise and technology. Biological agents that attack livestock, fish, vegetation, and crops are mostly not contagious to humans and are therefore easier for attackers to handle. Even a few cases of infection can disrupt a
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in 2010 also stressed the low levels of bioterrorism preparedness in the United States. The broadcast stated that a bipartisan report gave the Obama administration a failing grade for its efforts to respond to a bioterrorist attack. The news broadcast invited the former New York City police
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United States. Cong. House. Committee on Homeland Security. Ensuring Effective Preparedness Responses and Recovery for Events Impacting Health Security Hearing before the Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Response and Communications of the Committee on Homeland Security, House of
1792:, "This is the fourth year of the Excelsior Challenge, a training exercise designed for police and first responders to become familiar with techniques and practices should a real incident occur." The event was held over three days and hosted by the State Preparedness Training Center in
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Gerstein formerly served in the Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security from 2011 to 2014. He claims there has not been a serious plan of action since 2004 during George W. Bush's presidency, in which he issued a Homeland Security directive delegating
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Project BioShield. The accrual of vaccines and treatments for potential biological threats, also known as medical countermeasures has been an important aspect in preparing for a potential bioterrorist attack; this took the form of a program beginning in 2004, referred to as
960:. In 1916, the Russians arrested a German agent with similar intentions. Germany and its allies infected French cavalry horses and many of Russia's mules and horses on the Eastern Front. These actions hindered artillery and troop movements, as well as supply convoys.
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and populations at risk, and to facilitate prompt treatment. Methods for predicting the use of biological agents in urban areas as well as assessing the area for the hazards associated with a biological attack are being established in major cities. In addition,
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These high-priority agents pose a risk to national security, can be easily transmitted and disseminated, result in high mortality, have potential major public health impact, may cause public panic, or require special action for public health preparedness.
3328:"Biological Attack on Agriculture: Low-Tech, High-Impact BioterrorismBecause bioterrorist attack requires relatively little specialized expertise and technology, it is a serious threat to US agriculture and can have very large economic repercussions"
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dangerous biological agents such as anthrax exist as a white powder). By testing the accuracy and specificity of commercially available systems used by first responders, the hope is that all biologically harmful powders can be rendered ineffective.
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1863:(which killed between 50 million and 100 million people) could end up killing more than 360 million people worldwide, even considering widespread availability of vaccines and other healthcare tools. The report cited increased
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theaters, malls, tunnels and similar. Contra-measures against such scenarios are building architecture and ventilation systems engineering. In 1993, sewage was spilled out into a river, subsequently drawn into the water system and affected
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Dissemination: Sponge cake, other food sources Official investigation started after anonymous tip to Ministry of Health and Welfare. He was charged, but was not convicted of any deaths; later implicated in 200 â 400 illnesses and 4 deaths
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Tumpey, T. M.; Basler, CF; Aguilar, PV; Zeng, H; SolĂłrzano, A; Swayne, DE; Cox, NJ; Katz, JM; Taubenberger, JK; Palese, P; GarcĂa-Sastre, A (October 7, 2005). "Characterization of the Reconstructed 1918 Spanish Influenza Pandemic Virus".
1071:. Release of biological agents is more likely for a single building or a neighborhood. Counter-measures against this scenario include the further limitation of access to the water supply systems, tunnels, and infrastructure. Agricultural
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technologies are working on identifying biological agents, their geographical origins and/or their initial source. Efforts include decontamination technologies to restore facilities without causing additional environmental concerns.
5641:"Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002: An Act to improve the ability of the United States to prevent, prepare for, and respond to bioterrorism and other public health emergencies (H.R. 3448)"
1254:). Its first modern incidence in biological warfare were when Scandinavian "freedom fighters" supplied by the German General Staff used anthrax with unknown results against the Imperial Russian Army in Finland in 1916. In 1993, the
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Infrastructure Protection, and Security Technologies of the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, May 9, 2012. 112th Cong., 2nd sess. HR 397. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.
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The National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases would be cut by $ 65 million, or 11 percent. The center is a branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that fights threats like anthrax and the
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Past U.S. Incidents of Food Bioterrorism. In Bioterrorism: A Threat to National Security or Public Health Defining Issue, University of WisconsinâMadison and the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, MM&I 554, September 30,
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1970:, edited by Michael Wagner, Andrew Moore and Ron Aryel, and published in 2006. Biosurveillance is the science of real-time disease outbreak detection. Its principles apply to both natural and man-made epidemics (bioterrorism).
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Vietri, Nicholas J.; Purcell, Bret K.; Tobery, Steven A.; Rasmussen, Suzanne L.; Leffel, Elizabeth K.; Twenhafel, Nancy A.; Ivins, Bruce E.; Kellogg, Mark D.; Webster, Wendy M.; Wright, Mary E.; Friedlander, Arthur M. (2009).
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Excelsior Challenge. In the second week of September 2016, the state of New York held a large emergency response training exercise called the Excelsior Challenge, with over 100 emergency responders participating. According to
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1408:, Germany. No treatments currently exist aside from supportive care. The arenaviruses have a somewhat reduced case-fatality rate compared to disease caused by filoviruses, but are more widely distributed, chiefly in central
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M.Buller, The potential use of genetic engineering to enhance orthopox viruses as bioweapons. Presentation at the International Conference âSmallpox Biosecurity. Preventing the Unthinkableâ (October 21â22, 2003) Geneva,
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Also, novel approaches in biotechnology, such as synthetic biology, could be used in the future to design new types of biological warfare agents. Special attention has to be laid on future experiments (of concern) that:
1997:, disease surveillance is beginning to be organized on the continent-wide scale needed to track a biological emergency. The system not only monitors infected persons, but attempts to discern the origin of the outbreak.
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President Donald Trump promoted his first budget around keeping America safe. However, one aspect of defense would receive less money: "protecting the nation from deadly pathogens, man-made or natural," according to
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Advantages of Biologics as Weapons Bioterrorism: A Threat to National Security or Public Health Defining Issue? MM&I 554 University of WisconsinâMadison and Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, September 30,
1203:, though not as lethal as other diseases, was concerning to scientists and policymakers for its social and economic disruption potential. After the global containment of the pandemic, the United States President
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1883:, called for a "whole-of-government" response to the next global health threat, which he described as including strict security procedures at our borders and proper execution of government preparedness plans.
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Data which potentially could assist in early detection of a bioterrorism event include many categories of information. Health-related data such as that from hospital computer systems, clinical laboratories,
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In the most common hoax scenario, no biological agents are employed. For instance, an envelope with powder in it that says, âYou've just been exposed to anthrax.â Such hoaxes have been shown to have a large
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flights might be misused as delivery devices for biological agents as well. Counter-measures against this scenario are background checks of employees of crop-dusting companies and surveillance procedures.
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Government agencies which would be called on to respond to a bioterrorism incident would include law enforcement, hazardous materials and decontamination units, and emergency medical units, if available.
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Export controls on biological agents are not applied uniformly, providing terrorists a route for acquisition. Laboratories are working on advanced detection systems to provide early warning, identify
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systems, medical examiner record-keeping systems, 911 call center computers, and veterinary medical record systems could be of help; researchers are also considering the utility of data generated by
1067:. This man-made disaster can be a template for a terrorist scenario. Nevertheless, terrorist scenarios are considered more likely near the points of delivery than at the water sources before the
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authorities and law enforcement; however, such cooperation is lacking. National detection assets and vaccine stockpiles are not useful if local and state officials do not have access to them.
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ranging from 25 to 90% with a 50% average. No cure currently exists, although vaccines are in development. The Soviet Union investigated the use of filoviruses for biological warfare, and the
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while they were waiting to be shipped to Britain. Dilger was under suspicion as being a German agent, but was never arrested. Dilger eventually fled to Madrid, Spain, where he died during the
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op-ed (published near the time of his Munich Security Conference speech) that it is possible for an airborne pathogen to kill at least 30 million people over the course of a year. In a
1027:. There were no fatalities. This incident was the first known bioterrorist attack in the United States in the 20th century. It was also the single largest bioterrorism attack on U.S. soil.
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tularemia occur widely in nature and could be isolated and grown in quantity in a laboratory, although manufacturing an effective aerosol weapon would require considerable sophistication.
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wrote a story saying the United States would spend $ 40 million to help certain low and middle-income countries deal with the threats of bioterrorism and infectious diseases.
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1767:(DHS), whose role is to prepare for an emergency situation that impacts the health of the American populace. Detection has two primary technological factors. First there is OHA's
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in the United States, apparently deliberately caused. Letters laced with infectious anthrax were concurrently delivered to news media offices and the U.S. Congress, alongside an
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751 illnesses, Early investigation by CDC suggested the event was a naturally occurring outbreak. Cult member arrested on unrelated charge confessed involvement with the event
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The United States Department of Defense conducts global biosurveillance through several programs, including the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System.
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they were identical to an anthrax vaccine strain that was given to animals at the time. These vaccine strains are missing the genes that cause a symptomatic response.
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and other bacteria. Schwander had founded a terrorist group, "R.I.S.E.", while Pera collected and grew cultures from the hospital where he worked. The two men fled to
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Hummel, Stephen; Burpo, F. John; Hershfield, Jeremy; Kick, Andrew; O'Donovan, Kevin J.; Barnhill, Jason (April 27, 2022). Cruickshank, Paul; Hummel, Kristina (eds.).
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from Africa. Several attempts were made between 1990 and 1995, but they failed to cause any casualties due to non-virulent strains and issues with deliver systems.
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Chen, H, D Zeng, and Y Pan. "Infectious Disease Informatics: Syndromic Surveillance for Public Health and Bio-Defense." 20120, XXII, 209p. 68 illus.., Hardcover.
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for mass dissemination because of their availability, ease of production and dissemination, high mortality rate, or ability to cause a major health impact.
855:"A biological attack, or bioterrorism, is the intentional release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs that can sicken or kill people, livestock, or crops."
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published in the February 14, 2008, issue of the journal Electronics Letters and the November 2007 issue of the journal IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.
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may not be a bomb," Lawrence O. Gostin, the director of the World Health Organization's Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights, told
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Shortly after the start of World War I, Germany launched a biological sabotage campaign in the United States, Russia, Romania, and France. At that time,
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Bisher, Jamie, "During World War I, Terrorists Schemed to Use Anthrax in the Cause of Finnish Independence," Military History, August 2003, pp. 17â22.
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843:"Bioterrorism is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, toxins or other harmful agents to cause illness or death in people, animals or plants."
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Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, March 17, 2011. 112th Cong., 1st sess. HR 397. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2012. Print.
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3594:"A Short Course of Antibiotic Treatment Is Effective in Preventing Death from Experimental Inhalational Anthrax after Discontinuing Antibiotics"
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acquiring, manufacturing, possessing, transporting, transferring or using nuclear, chemical or biological weapons and their means of delivery".
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because they are extremely difficult to detect and do not cause illness for several hours to several days. Some bioterrorism agents, like the
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has already been eradicated increases the risk that the disease could be used in bioterrorism. This was in reference to the lab synthesis of
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Office of the President. White House. (November 1, 2005). "Press release: President outlines pandemic influenza preparations and response."
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Removed Shigella dysenteriae Type 2 from hospital's collection and infected co-workers with contaminated pastries in the office breakroom
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after being released on bail. Schwander died of natural causes in 1974, while Pera returned to the U.S. in 1975 and was put on probation.
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The Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response would be cut by $ 136 million, or 9.7 percent. The office tracks outbreaks of
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Recommended Policy Guidance for Departmental Development of Review Mechanisms for Potential Pandemic Pathogen Care and Oversight (P3CO)
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Convicted of attempted second degree murder for infecting nurse Janice Allen with HIV by injecting her with blood from an AIDS patient
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Sentenced to life in prison for deliberately infecting his 11-month-old baby with HIV-infected blood to avoid child support payments
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Historically, governments and authorities have relied on quarantines to protect their populations. International bodies such as the
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Wagner, Michael M.; Espino, Jeremy; et al. (2004), "The role of clinical information systems in public health surveillance",
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or "rabbit fever": Tularemia has a very low fatality rate if treated, but can severely incapacitate. The disease is caused by the
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Another powerful tool developed within New York City for use in countering bioterrorism is the development of the New York City
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The use of agents that do not cause harm to humans, but disrupt the economy, have also been discussed. One such pathogen is the
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Contaminated restaurant salad bars, hoping to incapacitate the population so their candidates would win the county elections
2286:
2147:
already devote some of their resources to monitoring epidemics and have served clearing-house roles in historical epidemics.
1876:
5269:
4535:
Kelle, Alexander (2009). "Security Issues Related to Synthetic Biology: Between Threat Perceptions and Governance Options".
3141:
2041:
System. This system is essentially a way of tracking disease progression throughout New York City, and was developed by the
9213:
9203:
7674:
6951:
6278:
6254:
5915:
5409:
3643:
1586:
602:
597:
479:
9248:
9223:
8229:
7669:
7568:
7218:
6867:
6399:
713:
617:
607:
511:
3939:
967:
arrested two college students, Allen Schwander and Stephen Pera, who had planned to poison the city's water supply with
9193:
9174:
8629:
7323:
6424:
6203:
5193:
4320:"First responders train with new technology at N.Y.'s largest emergency response exercise - Homeland Preparedness News"
3598:
3053:
1955:
300 million spending proposal to equip all 50 states with biosurveillance systems. In a speech delivered at the nearby
1856:
592:
9272:
9148:
7649:
7119:
6763:
6628:
6460:
6246:
5908:
5901:
5805:
5614:
2991:
2967:
2252:. "It may be a tiny pathogen that you can't see, smell or taste, and by the time we discover it, it'll be too late."
2099:
1701:
1594:
1590:
1246:
does exist but requires many injections for stable use. When discovered early, anthrax can be cured by administering
1196:
1146:
806:
567:
485:
5280:
4466:"BILL GATES: A new kind of terrorism could wipe out 30 million people in less than a year â and we are not prepared"
3023:
1966:
The principles and practices of biosurveillance, a new interdisciplinary science, were defined and described in the
1396:
group unsuccessfully attempted to obtain cultures of Ebola virus. Death from Ebola virus disease is commonly due to
8214:
7910:
7249:
7155:
6985:
6877:
6768:
6156:
5717:
4607:
Kelle A. 2007. Synthetic Biology & Biosecurity Awareness In Europe. Bradford Science and Technology Report No.9
2387:
1207:
stated "...A global influenza pandemic that infects millions and lasts from one to three years could be far worse."
1043:
1002:
735:
incidents affecting multiple agencies. (Photo by Staff Sgt. April Davis, Oregon Military Department Public Affairs)
5035:
632:
8261:
7758:
7731:
7362:
7304:
7199:
6725:
6311:
5795:
5551:
5487:
5370:
1764:
572:
5381:
3922:"CDC - 01 This Page Has Moved - CDC Plague Home Page - CDC Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases (DVBID)"
3344:
3327:
1759:
Detection and resilience strategies in combating bioterrorism. This occurs primarily through the efforts of the
896:
have warned of the potential power which genetic engineering might place in the hands of future bio-terrorists.
9260:
9240:
8926:
8821:
7619:
6946:
5765:
5335:
2826:
2720:
2315:
1172:
924:
626:
470:
5640:
2185:
employee discovered on an airplane a "sensitive, top-secret document in the seatback pouch explaining how the
9267:
8009:
7915:
7367:
7160:
7024:
6907:
6822:
6555:
6420:
6132:
6109:
5722:
5582:"1540 Committee (Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1540 (2004)): 1540 Fact Sheet"
4292:
2677:
2229:
2022:
coupled to light-emitting molecules (identification of specific pathogens, such as anthrax, botulinum, ricin)
933:
began, attempts to use anthrax were directed at animal populations. This generally proved to be ineffective.
920:
6137:
903:(FMD) virus, which is capable of causing widespread economic damage and public concern (as witnessed in the
9315:
9081:
8662:
8059:
7959:
6883:
6216:
4915:
Availability and Comparative Value of Data Elements Required for an Effective Bioterrorism Detection System
4368:"How Ready Are We for Bioterrorism?" The New York Times. The New York Times Company, October 26, 2011. Web.
4173:
A Biological Threat Prevention Strategy: Complicating Adversary Acquisition and Misuse of Biological Agents
3681:
Clarke, S. C. (2005). "Bacteria as potential tools in bioterrorism, with an emphasis on bacterial toxins".
2993:
Why the Future Doesn't Need Us: How 21st Century Technologies Threaten to Make Humans an Endangered Species
2580:
2129:
1760:
255:
4671:"Chemical synthesis of poliovirus cDNA: generation of infectious virus in the absence of natural template"
9143:
9032:
8793:
8542:
7741:
7691:
6859:
6673:
5815:
4102:
2206:. Agencies tasked with biosecurity get a decrease in funding under the Administration's budget proposal.
2137:
366:
335:
264:
53:
5570:
8962:
8931:
8866:
8202:
8054:
8029:
7439:
7214:
5770:
5678:
4801:
4076:
2908:
2745:
2245:
2117:
1960:
1322:. Furthermore, the toxin is readily available worldwide due to its cosmetic applications in injections.
1175:
to have the "potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety" are officially defined as "
680:
168:
153:
6629:
Middle-Atlantic Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research
2150:
Media attention toward the seriousness of biological attacks increased in 2013 to 2014. In July 2013,
562:
9055:
8814:
8672:
8605:
8448:
8180:
8175:
8049:
7879:
7721:
7508:
5878:
4576:
3052:, Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, Library of Congress 97-22242, archived from
2522:
Harris, a white supremacist, ordered 3 vials of Yersinia pestis from the ATCC using a false identity
2489:
2144:
2116:
The US military has specialized units, which can respond to a bioterrorism event; among them are the
1496:
979:
582:
360:
351:
4922:
4050:
867:"Violent action using living matter, such as bacteria, to harm or kill people for political reasons"
8778:
8667:
8562:
8488:
8315:
7944:
7644:
7346:
7181:
6514:
6498:
6298:
5947:
5742:
2586:
1975:
1929:
1458:
1264:
9091:
9071:
9002:
8851:
8773:
8342:
8197:
7493:
7294:
6871:
6652:
6637:
6608:
6007:
4198:
2549:
Infected 12 of her coworkers, she was arrested, convicted, & sentenced to 20 years in prison
1444:
1353:
706:
538:
403:
280:
270:
43:
2375:
Objective: Revenge due to deep antagonism to what he perceived as a prevailing seniority system
9017:
8788:
8622:
8569:
8463:
8286:
8131:
7489:
6915:
6663:
5883:
5216:
2492:
2038:
1871:
as increased reasons for concern. In a March 9, 2017, interview with CNBC, former U.S. Senator
1800:, canine handlers, tactical team officers and emergency medical services. In an interview with
1608:
1397:
1215:
1089:
1064:
1011:
900:
492:
448:
183:
132:
78:
3794:
3213:
1828:, were actually quite possible and may occur in the United States under the right conditions.
1334:
bacterium. Rodents are the normal host of plague, and the disease is transmitted to humans by
9310:
8943:
8192:
8004:
7466:
7427:
7289:
7284:
7170:
7074:
7051:
6404:
6068:
6063:
6033:
5732:
5671:
3768:
2818:
2812:
2270:
2027:
1824:
1814:
1570:
1472:
1310:
1258:
used anthrax in an unsuccessful attempt in Tokyo with zero fatalities. Anthrax was used in a
1081:
945:
285:
123:
98:
5192:
4234:
4233:, Monterey, California, United States: Naval Postgraduate School, p. 21, archived from
2166:
called for increasing federal measures against bioterrorism as a "matter of life or death."
1009:
bars in 11 restaurants, produce in grocery stores, doorknobs, and other public domains with
9169:
8974:
8916:
8856:
8557:
8354:
8256:
8121:
8083:
7833:
7637:
7531:
7165:
6833:
6816:
6740:
6148:
5727:
5421:
5294:
4839:
4682:
4627:
2741:
1923:
1272:
1180:
1039:
871:
797:, and may be in a naturally occurring or a human-modified form, in much the same way as in
309:
193:
103:
48:
6127:
5607:
Working Paper: Bioterrorism and Biocrimes. The Illicit Use of Biological Agents Since 1900
5601:
Working Paper: Bioterrorism and Biocrimes. The Illicit Use of Biological Agents Since 1900
4381:
2011, and May 12, 2011. 112 Cong., 1st sess. HR 397. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2012. Print.
8:
9255:
9076:
8952:
8948:
8911:
8901:
8698:
8478:
8349:
8271:
7869:
7815:
7763:
7726:
7716:
7422:
5972:
5270:
https://blogs.gwu.edu/himmelfarb/2022/10/07/disorder-in-the-court-6-salmonella-infection/
3885:
3191:
2777:
2310:
2236:(NIAID) would lose 18 percent of its budget. NIAID oversees responses to Zika, Ebola and
1626:
1484:
1385:
1315:
1259:
810:
685:
622:
398:
250:
226:
128:
113:
88:
83:
5425:
5117:"Bioterrorism could kill more people than nuclear war, Bill Gates to warn world leaders"
4986:
4843:
4686:
4631:
4010:
3083:
9117:
8987:
8401:
8396:
8374:
8359:
8251:
8039:
8019:
7969:
7932:
7922:
7773:
7610:
7264:
7176:
5737:
5694:
5392:
5359:
4865:
4755:
4730:
4708:
4651:
3997:
3858:
3831:
3706:
3617:
3483:
3458:
3434:
3409:
3385:
3360:
3300:
3275:
3256:
2865:
2558:
2392:
2168:
2125:
2005:
1793:
1748:
Early detection and rapid response to bioterrorism depend on close cooperation between
1508:
798:
755:
699:
341:
331:
295:
25:
5712:
5663:
5581:
3659:
3376:
3244:
2883:
2077:
1679:
1124:
9086:
9007:
8957:
8871:
8634:
8535:
8330:
8138:
8103:
8064:
8014:
7905:
7889:
7632:
7595:
7573:
7558:
7541:
7459:
7259:
6980:
6851:
6745:
6678:
6048:
5922:
5888:
5620:
5610:
5515:
5308:
4953:
4857:
4760:
4700:
4643:
4548:
4484:
4204:
4177:
4002:
3863:
3698:
3625:
3573:
3488:
3474:
3439:
3425:
3390:
3305:
3248:
2997:
2963:
2869:
2855:
2822:
2320:
2081:
1860:
1683:
1548:
1520:
1401:
1160:
1128:
957:
670:
433:
413:
211:
143:
5471:
4729:; Mueller, Steffen; Tumpey, Terrence M; Taubenberger, Jeffery K (December 1, 2009).
4655:
4569:"JCVI: Research / Projects / Synthetic Genomics | Options for Governance / Overview"
3925:
3710:
3260:
1227:
is very infectious. A small number of organisms (10â50 or so) can cause disease. If
944:, a virulent disease of horses and mules. Dilger set up a laboratory in his home in
940:
lived in Germany, but in 1915 he was sent to the United States carrying cultures of
8783:
8718:
8547:
8525:
8369:
8337:
8325:
8301:
7927:
7874:
7864:
7823:
7753:
7748:
7477:
7385:
7254:
7209:
6622:
6058:
5850:
5565:
5429:
5300:
5246:"Bioterrorism threats require common global experimentation oversight, expert says"
4869:
4847:
4750:
4742:
4712:
4690:
4635:
4540:
4414:"RAND's Gerstein: U.S. needs biodefense strategy to protect against terror threats"
4152:
3992:
3984:
3853:
3843:
3694:
3690:
3607:
3563:
3533:
3478:
3470:
3429:
3421:
3380:
3372:
3339:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3240:
3156:"The Largest Bioterrorism Attack In US History Was An Attempt To Swing An Election"
2937:
2847:
2637:
1805:
1717:
1532:
1425:
Category B agents are moderately easy to disseminate and have low mortality rates.
1343:
1268:
1243:
774:
759:
428:
290:
7125:
Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction
3459:"Pandemic Disease: A Past and Future Challenge to Governance in the United States"
3410:"Pandemic Disease: A Past and Future Challenge to Governance in the United States"
2012:
to warn of the presence of bacterial toxins (identification of broad range toxins)
1894:
Would confer resistance to therapeutically useful antibiotics or antiviral agents;
726:
9164:
9112:
9050:
8921:
8612:
8453:
8024:
7884:
7800:
7788:
7768:
7664:
7454:
7434:
7357:
7269:
7012:
6975:
6755:
6735:
6104:
5868:
5863:
5760:
5281:
https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/06/weekinreview/aids-and-a-dentist-s-secrets.html
5072:
4993:
2851:
2814:
Chemical and Biological Warfare: A Comprehensive Survey for the Concerned Citizen
2692:
2516:
2507:
2469:
2133:
1602:
1330:
1301:
1235:
1068:
751:
547:
458:
438:
216:
138:
8754:
4544:
2000:
Researchers have experimented with devices to detect the existence of a threat:
1308:
Botulinum is the deadliest toxin known to man, and is produced by the bacterium
809:
attacks by terrorists, and such attacks can seriously damage economy as well as
9027:
8982:
8938:
8590:
8530:
8515:
8468:
8364:
8310:
8170:
7828:
7805:
7778:
7696:
7686:
7588:
7583:
7449:
7400:
7239:
6967:
6043:
6028:
6023:
5992:
5962:
4907:
4905:
4032:
2936:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 12, 2008. Archived from
2643:
2255:
1987:
1956:
1948:
1936:
Informatics deployed the first automated bioterrorism detection system, called
1559:
1325:
1294:
1290:
1204:
1024:
885:
818:
475:
393:
326:
260:
158:
93:
5456:
Eitzen, E.; Takafuji, E. (1997), "Historical Overview of Biological Warfare",
5371:
https://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/04/us/man-accused-of-injecting-hiv-in-son.html
4731:"Synthetic viruses: a new opportunity to understand and prevent viral disease"
4342:"Watch NY police train for terrorist attacks, bombs, active shooters (videos)"
3943:
3725:
3359:
Weber, Stephen G; Bottei, Ed; Cook, Richard; O'Connor, Michael (August 2004).
1990:
systems, school attendance recording, and physiologic monitors, among others.
9304:
8906:
8876:
8733:
8617:
8574:
8520:
8508:
8493:
8483:
8406:
8320:
8296:
8291:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8071:
7659:
7600:
7563:
7515:
5982:
5977:
5957:
5952:
5382:
https://www.justice.gov/archive/amerithrax/docs/amx-investigative-summary.pdf
4726:
4365:
3515:
2613:
2463:
2435:
2416:
2266:
2163:
1872:
1864:
1797:
1749:
1736:
1413:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1363:
1255:
1251:
1176:
1031:
453:
188:
7315:
5624:
4973:
4902:
4695:
4670:
4639:
3848:
3816:
3750:
2623:
Letters containing anthrax spores were mailed to media offices and senators
2196:
2162:
W. Bush called the bioterrorism risk imminent and uncertain and Congressman
1238:: Anthrax is a non-contagious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium
911:
FMD outbreaks in the UK), while having almost no capacity to infect humans.
8759:
8693:
8425:
8411:
8266:
8076:
8044:
8034:
7783:
7681:
7627:
7536:
7395:
7299:
7279:
6366:
5594:
4861:
4764:
4704:
4647:
4006:
3988:
3867:
3702:
3629:
3577:
3547:
3492:
3443:
3394:
3309:
2728:
2721:"A New Age of Bioterror: Anticipating Exploitation of Tunable Viral Agents"
2697:
2441:
2260:
Tom Inglesy, the CEO and director of the Center for Health Security at the
1963:" line (referring to the Cold War ballistic missile early warning system).
1897:
Would enhance the virulence of a pathogen or render a nonpathogen virulent;
1868:
1578:
1372:
937:
802:
748:
463:
6604:
Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security (formerly Center for Biosecurity)
5304:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4124:
3907:
3568:
3551:
3252:
3016:
1088:
country's agricultural production and exports for months, as evidenced by
8738:
8281:
8276:
8113:
8098:
7974:
7949:
7578:
7498:
7405:
7390:
7057:
6941:
6925:
6807:
6688:
5942:
5873:
4138:
2687:
2222:
2015:
1755:
Aspects of protection against bioterrorism in the United States include:
1633:
1537:
1503:
1491:
1429:
1377:
1367:
1358:
1347:
1072:
930:
376:
371:
275:
8420:
4921:, Real-time Outbreak and Disease Surveillance Laboratory, archived from
4440:"Foiled Kenya Anthrax Plot Hints At Islamic State's Scramble For Africa"
3621:
3105:
Toxic Terror: Assessing Terrorist Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons
9107:
9022:
8688:
8503:
8473:
8458:
8246:
8234:
7994:
7856:
7482:
7244:
5937:
4885:"Everything you need to know about why CRISPR is such a hot technology"
4771:
4197:
Nikolelis, Dimitrios P.; Nikoleli, Georgia-Paraskevi (March 12, 2016).
3957:
2672:
2607:
2190:
2175:
1933:
1723:
1650:
1638:
1582:
1553:
1452:
1339:
1305:
1247:
1164:
1016:
423:
418:
381:
5433:
5019:"Bioterrorism: A Dirty Little Threat With Huge Potential Consequences"
3958:"CDC Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers - Emergency Preparedness & Response"
3765:"CDC Smallpox - What CDC Is Doing to Protect the Public From Smallpox"
3326:
Wheelis, Mark; Casagrande, Rocco; Madden, Laurence V. (July 1, 2002).
2178:
has warned that bioterrorism could kill more people than nuclear war.
8837:
8430:
8219:
8148:
8093:
8088:
7954:
7795:
7701:
7444:
6088:
6073:
5997:
5493:
5458:
Military Medicine: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare
4746:
4227:
US Biodefense and Homeland Security: Toward Detection and Attribution
3231:
Petersen, Carolyn (May 1995). "Cryptosporidium and the food supply".
2564:
2157:
1319:
1210:
949:
881:
770:
33:
5841:
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
5149:"Jay's Jokes: Did you forget your bioterrorism report on the plane?"
4852:
4827:
2660:
missing from lab (never recovered); Butler served 19 months in jail
1179:." The CDC categorizes these agents (A, B or C) and administers the
8997:
8723:
8708:
8239:
8224:
8126:
7964:
7412:
6920:
6774:
6220:
6038:
5987:
5932:
5293:
Loeb Cheryl (2009). "6". In Ackerman, Gary; Tamset, Jeremy (eds.).
4399:
MSNBC News Live. MSNBC. New York City. January 26, 2010. Television
4390:
John King, USA. CNNW. San Francisco. December 20, 2011. Television.
3612:
3593:
2590:
2274:
2237:
2136:
victims exposed to bioterror agents. US response would include the
2019:
1979:
1768:
1741:
1622:
1479:
1466:
1433:
1356:: This includes hemorrhagic fevers caused by members of the family
1282:
1276:
1200:
998:
994:
983:
953:
941:
893:
847:
778:
356:
66:
7019:
Statement on Chemical and Biological Defense Policies and Programs
3552:"Clinical Management of Potential Bioterrorism-Related Conditions"
8703:
8552:
8389:
8379:
8187:
7999:
7711:
7706:
7098:
Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013
7064:
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness Response Act
6322:
Joint Program Executive Office of Chemical and Biological Defense
5858:
5088:. Bio Prep Watch. February 12, 2014 (Retrieved February 17, 2014)
5075:. Bio Prep Watch. February 17, 2014 (Retrieved February 17, 2014)
4912:
Wagner, Michael M.; Aryel, Ron; et al. (November 28, 2001),
2682:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2214:
1983:
1515:
1405:
1289:. It is transmitted easily through the atmosphere and has a high
968:
964:
889:
786:
408:
346:
7081:
Biodefense and Pandemic Vaccine and Drug Development Act of 2005
6373:
Integrated National Biodefense Medical Countermeasures Portfolio
3908:"CDC Plague Information - Emergency Preparedness & Response"
3082:, Public Broadcasting Service, December 15, 2006, archived from
3038:
3036:
1267:(AVA) exists and requires five injections for stable use. Other
739:
9012:
8713:
8639:
6274:
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
6002:
5927:
5470:, Iraq's Biological Weapon Program, August 2006, archived from
4725:
3214:"U.S. officials declare researcher is anthrax killer - CNN.com"
2533:
2395:
2273:. The researchers recreated horsepox, an extinct cousin of the
2155:
and morbidity", noting that there is no antidote for botulism.
2009:
1994:
1565:
1409:
1223:, inhalation, ingestion of contaminated water or insect bites.
1020:
990:
744:
731:
443:
6536:
National Medical Response Team/National Pharmacy Response Team
5099:"U.S. Backs New Global Initiative Against Infectious Diseases"
5066:"Kadlec says biological attack is uncertain, imminent reality"
2048:
8384:
8143:
6394:
6083:
6078:
5967:
5893:
5790:
5492:, Science and Technology Review, pp. 4â9, archived from
5336:"United States v. Harris, 961 F. Supp. 1127 (S.D. Ohio 1997)"
4170:
Kuntz, Carol; Salerno, Reynolds; Jacobs, Eli (May 15, 2013).
3033:
2811:
Croddy, Eric; Perez-Armendariz, Clarissa; Hart, John (2002).
2646:
2537:
2485:
2361:
2068:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1909:
Would enable the weaponization of a biological agent or toxin
1832:
1670:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1543:
1527:
1286:
1115:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1047:
1006:
794:
790:
782:
8806:
6178:
3940:"CDC Plague - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Plague"
3791:"IHB - The DoD Immunization Information and Training Portal"
3590:
2256:
Lack of international standards on public health experiments
8728:
6957:
Joint Biological Agent Identification and Diagnostic System
6572:
Bioterror Rapid Response and Advanced Technology Laboratory
6549:
6539:
6535:
6390:
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
6317:
Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System
5786:
Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism
5185:"Trump's Proposed Budget Cuts Trouble Bioterrorism Experts"
3358:
3345:
10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0569:BAOALT]2.0.CO;2
2510:
1789:
1335:
972:
6359:
National Interagency Confederation for Biological Research
5038:. Fox News. November 2, 2013 (Retrieved February 17, 2014)
3361:"SARS, emerging infections, and bioterrorism preparedness"
2810:
2132:, which can detect, identify, and neutralize threats, and
5449:
Adapted from Biological Warfare: A Historical Perspective
4789:(3 ed.), New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 513â539
4511:"Homeland Security Today: EXCLUSIVE: Pandemic Crossroads"
4289:"WKTV.com | A new Challenge for police and EMS personnel"
4033:"CDC Brucellosis - Emergency Preparedness & Response"
2718:
2225:, and additionally towards research on HIV/AIDS vaccines.
2197:
2017 U.S. budget proposal affecting bioterrorism programs
2182:
1952:
1951:
visited the RODS laboratory and used it as a model for a
1715:
outbreaks. Some outbreaks, such as food poisoning due to
1220:
6842:
National Intelligence Assessments on Infectious Diseases
5534:
3046:
Military Medicine: Medical aspects of biological warfare
6644:
Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies
6227:
National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center
5826:
National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center
5693:
5460:, Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army
5451:, Fort Detrick, Maryland: Operational Medicine Division
5049:"Pentagon seeking vaccine for bioterror disease threat"
4616:
3516:"CDC Tularemia - Emergency Preparedness & Response"
3325:
1906:
Would enable the evasion of diagnostic/detection tools;
6649:
National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases
6445:
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
5539:, San Diego, California, United States: Academic Press
3817:"CDC Botulism - Emergency Preparedness & Response"
2926:
1891:
Would demonstrate how to render a vaccine ineffective;
1219:
bacterium, and can be contracted through contact with
773:
involving the intentional release or dissemination of
7547:
Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal
5511:
Bioterrorism in Medical and Healthcare Administration
4200:
Biosensors for Security and Bioterrorism Applications
3017:"Bioterrorism - the high economic costs of an attack"
2234:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2043:
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
952:
working the docks in Baltimore to infect horses with
888:, can be spread from person to person and some, like
7473:
Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments
5393:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC381253/
5360:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC137877/
4987:"Global Nature of Terrorism Drives Biosurveillance."
4784:
4176:. Center for Strategic & International Studies.
3550:; Toner, Eric; Inglesby, Thomas V. (March 5, 2015).
3457:
Cook, Alethia H.; Cohen, David B. (September 2008).
3408:
Cook, Alethia H.; Cohen, David B. (September 2008).
2427:
Infected 6 patients after he was diagnosed with HIV
5646:. Public Law 107â188107th Congress. June 12, 2002.
5086:"Pascrell: Bioterror threat a life or death matter"
4139:"CDC Ricin - Emergency Preparedness & Response"
4125:"CDC Q Fever - Emergency Preparedness and Response"
3546:
2714:
2712:
1727:, could be of either natural or deliberate origin.
5801:European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
5219:. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
5115:
4464:Foundation, Bill Gates, Bill & Melinda Gates.
4169:
2495:with sarin would end up killing around 20 people.
5781:Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
5105:. February 13, 2014 (Retrieved February 17, 2014)
5055:. November 18, 2013 (Retrieved February 17, 2014)
4196:
4099:"CDC Why has melioidosis become a current issue?"
2842:Roberge, Lawrence F. (2019). "Agrobioterrorism".
2277:, in order to research new ways to treat cancer.
9302:
8601:List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
7070:Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002
4974:Avalanche Photodiodes Target Bioterrorism Agents
4911:
2709:
1859:predicted that a modern outbreak similar to the
1038:In September and October 2001, several cases of
7130:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540
7086:Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act
6722:NunnâLugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program
6289:National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity
6115:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540
5831:National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity
5603:, Feb 2001 revision. (Final published version:
4668:
3726:"Anthrax attack bug 'identical' to army strain"
3280:Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
3042:
2530:Diane Thompson, clinical laboratory technician
2262:Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
8499:List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events
6614:Center for Advancing Microbial Risk Assessment
6219:(National Biosurvelliance Integration Center,
5455:
2189:would respond to a bioterrorism attack at the
1938:RODS (Real-Time Outbreak Disease Surveillance)
1900:Would increase transmissibility of a pathogen;
1063:, Wisconsin. The disease-causing organism was
8822:
7504:Existential risk from artificial intelligence
7345:
7331:
7042:Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989
6781:Global Bio-Surveillance Technology Initiative
6164:
5836:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs
5821:India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
5679:
5025:. July 21, 2013 (Retrieved February 17, 2014)
2625:Suspected perpetrator was a US DOD scientist
2066:The examples and perspective in this section
1959:, Bush compared the RODS system to a modern "
1668:The examples and perspective in this section
1113:The examples and perspective in this section
1023:. The attack infected 751 people with severe
707:
6619:Center for Biodefense and Emerging Pathogens
6212:DHS Chemical and Biological Defense Division
5182:
4489:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3723:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2358:Dr. Mitsuru Suzuki, physician with training
1772:than the more passive treatment of the past.
1169:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
813:. The latter destructive activity is called
7552:Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal
7047:Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991
6546:Chemical Biological Incident Response Force
5446:
5292:
4669:Cello, J.; Paul, A. V.; Wimmer, E. (2002).
3530:"CDC Tularemia - Key Facts About Tularemia"
3273:
2309:It has been suggested that this section be
2122:Chemical Biological Incident Response Force
2049:Response to bioterrorism incident or threat
8829:
8815:
7655:Climate change and civilizational collapse
7338:
7324:
6471:Foreign Disease Weed Science Research Unit
6171:
6157:
5776:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
5686:
5672:
5604:
5485:
5410:"The growing threat of biological weapons"
4952:, University of Pittsburgh, archived from
4508:
4376:
4374:
3829:
3321:
3319:
3178:
3176:
2772:
2770:
2084:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
1686:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
1644:
1131:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
714:
700:
7092:Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act
6566:Aeromedical Biological Containment System
6520:Nebraska Biocontainment Patient Care Unit
6395:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
6307:Assistant SECDEF for NCB Defense Programs
5791:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
5535:Wagner, M.; Moore, A.; Aryel, R. (2006),
5489:Reducing the threat of biological weapons
5296:Jihadists and Weapons of Mass Destruction
4851:
4787:Healthcare Information Management Systems
4754:
4694:
4437:
4361:
4359:
3996:
3857:
3847:
3717:
3611:
3567:
3482:
3456:
3433:
3407:
3384:
3343:
3299:
2795:
2100:Learn how and when to remove this message
1903:Would alter the host range of a pathogen;
1702:Learn how and when to remove this message
1147:Learn how and when to remove this message
8658:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
8596:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
7205:United States biological weapons program
6328:National Center for Medical Intelligence
6180:United States biological defense program
5660:. Obama Administration. January 9, 2017.
5507:
5447:Christopher, G. W.; et al. (1998),
5036:"Deadly bioterror threats: 6 real risks"
4273:
4271:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4254:
3973:"Aum Shinrikyo: Once and Future Threat?"
3230:
1404:. Marburg virus was first discovered in
1275:was identical to the strain used by the
738:
725:
169:Special-interest / Single-issue
6864:National Strategy for Homeland Security
5146:
4882:
4825:
4371:
4223:
3316:
3274:Lathrop, Peggy; Mann, Linda M. (2001).
3173:
2841:
2767:
2484:. An attempt was also made at sourcing
1847:Bill Gates said in a February 18, 2017
9303:
9134:Charities accused of ties to terrorism
6363:National Interagency Biodefense Campus
6232:National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility
4945:
4509:Hutchinson, Robert C. (July 9, 2017).
4463:
4411:
4356:
3680:
3656:"Emerging Infectious Diseases journal"
1867:, rapid international air travel, and
1082:psychological impact on the population
517:Charities accused of ties to terrorism
8810:
7319:
6634:Center for Biodefense Immune Modeling
6152:
6054:Biological warfare in popular culture
5667:
5653:from the original on October 9, 2022.
5407:
5243:
5178:
5176:
5174:
5128:from the original on January 12, 2022
4976:Newswise, Retrieved on June 25, 2008.
4883:Basulto, Dominic (November 4, 2015).
4534:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4407:
4405:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4268:
4251:
3970:
3683:British Journal of Biomedical Science
3153:
3029:from the original on October 9, 2022.
2313:out into another article titled
2287:Biological warfare in popular culture
2280:
2026:Some research shows that ultraviolet
1877:Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense
1875:, who was co-chair of the bipartisan
16:Terrorism involving biological agents
7675:Tipping points in the climate system
6952:Autonomous Pathogen Detection System
6279:Division of Select Agents and Toxins
6257:(Advisory Committee on Bioterrorism)
6255:National Counterproliferation Center
6237:National Bioforensic Analysis Center
5183:Baumgaertner, Emily (May 28, 2017).
4799:
4291:. September 15, 2016. Archived from
2295:
2052:
1654:
1328:: Plague is a disease caused by the
1099:
1003:incapacitating the local population.
880:Biological agents are attractive to
7670:Extinction risk from climate change
7569:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
6400:Edgewood Chemical Biological Center
5609:(8th ed.). The Minerva Group.
5299:. CRC Press. p. (pp.153â172).
4800:Kahn, Jennifer (November 9, 2015).
4412:Rozens, Tracy (September 2, 2016).
4224:Bernett, Brian C. (December 2006),
2989:
2466:was convicted of criminal activity
1600:Water supply threats (for example,
1271:also exist. The strain used in the
982:(WHO) announced the eradication of
13:
9175:Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial
9139:Designated terrorist organizations
8630:List of fictional doomsday devices
6785:Bio-Surveillance Management Office
6451:Homeland Security Research Program
5545:
5171:
5147:Evensen, Jay (February 12, 2018).
4497:
4402:
4307:
3599:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
2876:
2844:Defense Against Biological Attacks
1917:
1796:, New York. Participants included
1450:Food safety threats (for example,
1285:: Smallpox is a highly contagious
1095:
1050:. The letters killed five people.
1030:In June 1993, the religious group
14:
9327:
7650:Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis
7120:Global Health Security Initiative
6764:National Biosurveillance Strategy
6461:Plum Island Animal Disease Center
5806:Global Health Security Initiative
5508:Paquette, Laure (June 29, 2006),
3971:Olson, Kyle B. (August 4, 1999).
2755:from the original on May 12, 2022
2388:Rajneeshee religious cult attacks
1388:, in particular, has caused high
8885:
8766:
8765:
8753:
7911:Decline in amphibian populations
7250:Biosecurity in the United States
7156:1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack
6986:Positive pressure personnel suit
6878:National Disaster Medical System
5718:1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack
5633:
5467:Iraq's Biological Weapon Program
5386:
5375:
5364:
5353:
5328:
3475:10.1111/j.1541-1338.2008.00346.x
3426:10.1111/j.1541-1338.2008.00346.x
3154:Novak, Matt (November 3, 2016).
2738:The Biological Threat â Part One
2468:Aum Shinrikyo experimented with
2300:
2057:
1659:
1167:which have been declared by the
1104:
8262:Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
7759:Land surface effects on climate
7732:Human impact on the environment
7363:Future of an expanding universe
7305:Smallpox virus retention debate
7200:United States Army Medical Unit
6726:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
6312:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
5796:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
5400:
5285:
5274:
5263:
5237:
5223:
5209:
5140:
5108:
5091:
5078:
5058:
5041:
5028:
5011:
5002:
4979:
4967:
4949:Pitt Magazine: Airborne Defense
4939:
4876:
4826:Ledford, Heidi (June 1, 2015).
4819:
4793:
4719:
4662:
4610:
4601:
4591:
4561:
4528:
4457:
4431:
4393:
4384:
4334:
4281:
4217:
4190:
4163:
4145:
4131:
4117:
4091:
4065:
4039:
4025:
3964:
3950:
3932:
3914:
3900:
3874:
3823:
3809:
3783:
3757:
3743:
3674:
3648:
3636:
3584:
3556:New England Journal of Medicine
3540:
3522:
3508:
3499:
3450:
3401:
3365:The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
3352:
3267:
3224:
3206:
3188:Incident, Kameido, Tokyo, 1993"
3147:
3135:
3110:
3097:
3070:
3009:
2983:
2187:Department of Homeland Security
1881:Department of Homeland Security
1765:Department of Homeland Security
1730:
1621:Category C agents are emerging
5766:Caribbean Public Health Agency
5244:Riley, Kim (August 10, 2017).
3695:10.1080/09674845.2005.11732685
3292:10.1080/08998280.2001.11927766
3103:W. Seth Carus, "R.I.S.E.", in
2973:
2962:, Ballantine Books, New York.
2952:
2901:
2884:"Bioterrorism | Anthrax | CDC"
2835:
2316:List of bioterrorist incidents
2269:in 2017 by researchers at the
1587:Venezuelan equine encephalitis
1173:U.S. Department of Agriculture
925:List of bioterrorist incidents
1:
8836:
8208:Interpretations of Revelation
8010:Cosmological phase transition
7916:Decline in insect populations
7368:Ultimate fate of the universe
7161:1989 California medfly attack
7025:Biological Weapons Convention
6823:Personnel Reliability Program
6556:Epidemic Intelligence Service
6421:Galveston National Laboratory
6110:Biological Weapons Convention
5723:1989 California medfly attack
4997:American Forces Press Service
4438:McCormick, Ty (May 4, 2016).
3836:Indian Journal of Dermatology
3463:The Review of Policy Research
3377:10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01098-9
3245:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90972-9
3107:(MIT Press, 2000), p.55, p.69
3043:Gregory, B; Waag, D. (1997),
2817:. Copernicus Books. pp.
2703:
2678:Biological Weapons Convention
2230:National Institutes of Health
1986:operations, food processors,
1616:
1420:
1186:
997:attempted to control a local
921:History of biological warfare
824:
8663:Future of Humanity Institute
8060:Potentially hazardous object
7960:Interplanetary contamination
6884:Strategic National Stockpile
6435:Integrated Research Facility
6217:DHS Office of Health Affairs
5571:Resources in other libraries
5486:Milanovich, F. (June 1998),
3977:Emerging Infectious Diseases
3882:"CDC - Facts About Botulism"
3830:Nigam, PK; Nigam, A (2010).
3276:"Preparing for bioterrorism"
2990:Joy, Bill (March 31, 2007),
2852:10.1007/978-3-030-03071-1_16
2291:
2130:20th Support Command (CBRNE)
1053:
7:
8543:Nemesis (hypothetical star)
7692:Global terrestrial stilling
6947:Biological Materials MASINT
6860:National Response Framework
6769:Laboratory Response Network
6730:Biological Threat Reduction
6674:Battelle Memorial Institute
5816:Laboratory Response Network
5537:Handbook of Biosurveillance
4946:Togyer, Jason (June 2002),
4545:10.1007/978-90-481-2678-1_7
3644:Anthrax Sabotage in Finland
2666:
2543:Shigella dysenteriae Type 2
2138:Centers for Disease Control
2080:, discuss the issue on the
1968:Handbook of Biosurveillance
1682:, discuss the issue on the
1595:western equine encephalitis
1591:eastern equine encephalitis
1314:. Botulism causes death by
1127:, discuss the issue on the
1061:400,000 people in Milwaukee
512:Designated terrorist groups
10:
9332:
8867:Anti-terrorism legislation
8055:Asteroid impact prediction
8030:Heat death of the universe
7440:Mutual assured destruction
7215:Aeromedical Isolation Team
5771:Center for Health Security
5250:Homeland Preparedness News
4418:Homeland Preparedness News
2746:Combating Terrorism Center
2640:, United States professor
2284:
2246:weapon of mass destruction
2118:United States Marine Corps
2008:that would contain living
1921:
1861:Spanish Influenza pandemic
1802:Homeland Preparedness News
1648:
1338:bites and occasionally by
993:in 1984, followers of the
958:Influenza Pandemic of 1918
918:
914:
681:Anti-terrorism legislation
9183:
9157:
9149:Islamic terrorist attacks
9126:
9100:
9064:
9056:State-sponsored terrorism
9043:
9003:Environmental destruction
8972:
8894:
8883:
8862:International conventions
8844:
8747:
8681:
8673:Nuclear Threat Initiative
8650:
8606:List of apocalyptic films
8583:
8449:2011 end times prediction
8441:
8181:Prophecy of Seventy Weeks
8176:Abomination of desolation
8112:
8050:Asteroid impact avoidance
7987:
7898:
7880:List of extinction events
7855:
7848:
7814:
7722:Environmental degradation
7618:
7609:
7524:
7509:Technological singularity
7378:
7353:
7347:Global catastrophic risks
7232:
7190:
7146:
7139:
7110:
7034:
7005:
6998:
6966:
6934:
6906:
6897:
6850:
6832:
6806:
6754:
6714:
6705:
6662:
6594:
6585:
6528:
6507:
6491:
6484:
6413:
6382:
6349:
6340:
6297:
6264:
6245:
6202:
6193:
6186:
6123:
6097:
6016:
5879:Burkholderia pseudomallei
5849:
5751:
5705:
5566:Resources in your library
5408:Block, Steven M. (2001),
5071:February 9, 2015, at the
4992:January 12, 2013, at the
3414:Review of Policy Research
2958:Preston, Richard (2002).
2145:World Health Organization
1497:Burkholderia pseudomallei
980:World Health Organization
676:International conventions
583:State-sponsored terrorism
8668:Future of Life Institute
8570:Resurrection of the dead
8563:Post-tribulation rapture
7945:Colony collapse disorder
6787:(BMO) (part of JPEO-CBD)
6515:State Health Departments
6499:Local Health Departments
2960:The Demon in the Freezer
1976:electronic health record
1930:University of Pittsburgh
1761:Office of Health Affairs
1354:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1265:Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed
1044:ambiguously related case
1015:bacteria in the city of
539:Violent non-state actors
9072:Clandestine cell system
7494:Artificial intelligence
7295:Isolation (health care)
7265:Biological warfare (BW)
6638:University of Rochester
6609:Henry L. Stimson Center
6008:Viral hemorrhagic fever
5605:Seth Carus, W. (2002).
4828:"CRISPR, the disruptor"
4696:10.1126/science.1072266
4640:10.1126/science.1119392
3849:10.4103/0019-5154.60343
2934:"Bioterrorism Overview"
2561:, a gastroenterologist
1645:Planning and monitoring
1445:Clostridium perfringens
1293:(20â40%). Smallpox was
777:. These agents include
281:Clandestine cell system
9018:Propaganda of the deed
8623:List of disaster films
8464:Apocalyptic literature
7564:Malthusian catastrophe
7490:Synthetic intelligence
6034:Psychochemical weapons
5884:Chlamydophila psittaci
3989:10.3201/eid0504.990409
2628:22 infected, 5 deaths
2401:Salmonella typhimurium
2039:Syndromic Surveillance
1609:Cryptosporidium parvum
1398:multiple organ failure
1225:Francisella tularensis
1216:Francisella tularensis
1065:cryptosporidium parvum
1012:Salmonella typhimurium
995:Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh
901:foot-and-mouth disease
763:
736:
449:Propaganda of the deed
9158:Memorials and museums
8005:Coronal mass ejection
7467:Electromagnetic pulse
7428:Kinetic energy weapon
7290:Entomological warfare
7191:Defunct organizations
7171:Wood Green ricin plot
7075:Project Bioshield Act
7052:Executive Order 13139
6405:Dugway Proving Ground
6128:Wiktionary definition
6069:Entomological warfare
5948:Legionnaires' disease
5733:Wood Green ricin plot
5305:10.1201/9781420069679
5124:. February 18, 2017.
4802:"The Crispr Quandary"
3569:10.1056/NEJMra1409755
2451:Clostridium botulinum
2271:University of Alberta
2028:avalanche photodiodes
1947:On February 5, 2002,
1763:(OHA), a part of the
1571:Rickettsia prowazekii
1473:Staphylococcus aureus
1370:), and by the family
1311:Clostridium botulinum
742:
729:
665:Response to terrorism
286:Leaderless resistance
9170:Topography of Terror
8857:History of terrorism
8407:War of Gog and Magog
8084:Near-Earth supernova
7834:Human overpopulation
7638:Mass mortality event
7532:Anthropogenic hazard
7166:2001 anthrax attacks
6834:Medical intelligence
6817:Select Agent Program
6741:Project Clear Vision
5898:Equine encephalitis
5728:2001 anthrax attacks
5496:on November 23, 2008
5159:on February 17, 2018
5097:Tavernise, Sabrina.
4735:Nature Biotechnology
4539:. pp. 101â119.
4344:. September 15, 2016
4322:. September 19, 2016
4240:on February 29, 2008
4105:on February 11, 2010
4079:on February 11, 2010
3910:. February 21, 2019.
3753:. February 19, 2019.
3518:. February 21, 2019.
2913:Cambridge dictionary
2846:. pp. 359â383.
2742:West Point, New York
2367:Shigella dysenteriae
2181:In February 2018, a
2078:improve this section
1924:Disease surveillance
1831:A news broadcast by
1680:improve this section
1273:2001 anthrax attacks
1181:Select Agent Program
1125:improve this section
948:, Maryland. He used
872:Cambridge Dictionary
817:and is a subtype of
104:Right-wing/Far-right
9316:Terrorism by method
8479:Blood moon prophecy
8272:Number of the Beast
7870:Holocene extinction
7816:Earth Overshoot Day
7764:Ocean acidification
7727:Habitat destruction
7717:Ecological collapse
7423:Kinetic bombardment
7358:Future of the Earth
5973:Salmonella enterica
5514:(1 ed.), CRC,
5426:2001AmSci..89.....B
4999:, October 27, 2011.
4889:The Washington Post
4844:2015Natur.522...20L
4687:2002Sci...297.1016C
4681:(5583): 1016â1018.
4632:2005Sci...310...77T
4579:on January 30, 2016
4127:. January 15, 2019.
4053:on February 9, 2010
3751:"CDC Smallpox Home"
3662:on October 15, 2010
3239:(8958): 1128â1129.
3194:on February 2, 2020
2736:(4, Special Issue:
2504:Larry Wayne Harris
1485:Burkholderia mallei
1386:Ebola virus disease
1350:in Medieval Europe.
1316:respiratory failure
963:In 1972, police in
830:
811:consumer confidence
686:Terrorism insurance
487:Rockets and mortars
227:Resistance movement
8988:Aircraft hijacking
8794:Doomsday scenarios
8360:Beast of the Earth
8252:Book of Revelation
8040:Virtual black hole
8020:False vacuum decay
7970:Pollinator decline
7933:Biological warfare
7923:Biotechnology risk
7774:Resource depletion
7182:2013 ricin letters
7177:2003 ricin letters
6724:, implemented the
6653:George Mason Univ.
6074:Infectious disease
5811:Health Threat Unit
5743:2013 ricin letters
5738:2003 ricin letters
5695:Biological warfare
5414:American Scientist
5217:"Tom Inglesby, MD"
5197:on January 1, 2022
5189:The New York Times
4985:Pellerin, Cheryl.
4806:The New York Times
4295:on October 5, 2016
3819:. August 19, 2019.
3797:on August 14, 2009
3724:Debora MacKenzie.
3186:Bacillus anthracis
2619:Bacillus anthracis
2559:Richard J. Schmidt
2447:Bacillus anthracis
2281:In popular culture
2250:The New York Times
2204:The New York Times
2169:The New York Times
1737:contaminated areas
1509:Chlamydia psittaci
1240:Bacillus anthracis
829:
801:. Further, modern
799:biological warfare
764:
737:
332:Aircraft hijacking
89:Left-wing/Far-left
9298:
9297:
9044:State involvement
8872:Counter-terrorism
8804:
8803:
8635:Zombie apocalypse
8536:Postmillennialism
8331:Great Tribulation
8104:Stellar collision
8065:Near-Earth object
8015:Geomagnetic storm
7983:
7982:
7906:Biodiversity loss
7890:Genetic pollution
7844:
7843:
7633:Biodiversity loss
7596:Societal collapse
7574:Nuclear holocaust
7559:Economic collapse
7542:Doomsday argument
7460:Antimatter weapon
7313:
7312:
7260:Biological hazard
7228:
7227:
7106:
7105:
6994:
6993:
6981:Biosafety cabinet
6893:
6892:
6852:Disaster response
6746:Project Jefferson
6701:
6700:
6697:
6696:
6679:SRI International
6581:
6580:
6480:
6479:
6336:
6335:
6146:
6145:
6133:Wikimedia Commons
6098:International law
6049:Biological hazard
5923:Foodborne illness
5919:
5911:
5904:
5889:Coxiella burnetii
5851:Biological agents
5588:. April 28, 2004.
5552:Library resources
5521:978-0-8247-5651-2
5474:on April 11, 2009
5434:10.1511/2001.1.28
5314:978-0-429-24947-1
4554:978-90-481-2677-4
4537:Synthetic Biology
4210:978-3-319-28926-7
4183:978-1-4422-2474-2
4073:"CDC Melioidosis"
4013:on March 20, 2020
3832:"BOTULINUM TOXIN"
3536:on June 19, 2010.
3079:Experts Q & A
3003:978-0-553-52835-0
2861:978-3-030-03070-4
2664:
2663:
2583:, a phlebotomist
2455:Coxiella burnetii
2333:
2332:
2328:
2240:vaccine research.
2110:
2109:
2102:
2018:tubes lined with
1815:Project BioShield
1712:
1711:
1704:
1549:Abrus precatorius
1521:Coxiella burnetii
1442:Epsilon toxin of
1402:hypovolemic shock
1260:series of attacks
1161:United States law
1157:
1156:
1149:
1040:anthrax broke out
877:
876:
807:anti-agricultural
805:is vulnerable to
775:biological agents
724:
723:
671:Counter-terrorism
656:
655:
414:Individual terror
235:
234:
212:Violent extremism
9323:
8889:
8831:
8824:
8817:
8808:
8807:
8769:
8768:
8760:World portal
8758:
8757:
8719:Financial crisis
8548:Nibiru cataclysm
8526:Premillennialism
8370:Dhul-Suwayqatayn
8338:Son of perdition
8326:Olivet Discourse
8302:Whore of Babylon
7928:Biological agent
7875:Human extinction
7865:Extinction event
7853:
7852:
7824:Overexploitation
7754:Land consumption
7749:Land degradation
7616:
7615:
7478:Micro black hole
7386:Chemical warfare
7340:
7333:
7326:
7317:
7316:
7255:Biological agent
7210:Sunshine Project
7144:
7143:
7003:
7002:
6904:
6903:
6866:(DHS; including
6715:Threat reduction
6712:
6711:
6684:Idaho Technology
6623:Brown University
6595:Academic centers
6592:
6591:
6489:
6488:
6347:
6346:
6200:
6199:
6191:
6190:
6173:
6166:
6159:
6150:
6149:
6059:Ethnic bioweapon
6017:Related concepts
5983:Salmonella typhi
5914:
5907:
5899:
5706:Modern incidents
5688:
5681:
5674:
5665:
5664:
5654:
5652:
5645:
5628:
5589:
5540:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5461:
5452:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5395:
5390:
5384:
5379:
5373:
5368:
5362:
5357:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5289:
5283:
5278:
5272:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5227:
5221:
5220:
5213:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5196:
5191:. Archived from
5180:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5164:
5155:. Archived from
5144:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5119:
5112:
5106:
5095:
5089:
5082:
5076:
5062:
5056:
5045:
5039:
5032:
5026:
5015:
5009:
5006:
5000:
4983:
4977:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4956:on June 16, 2010
4943:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4928:on March 3, 2011
4927:
4920:
4909:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4880:
4874:
4873:
4855:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4797:
4791:
4790:
4782:
4769:
4768:
4758:
4747:10.1038/nbt.1593
4723:
4717:
4716:
4698:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4614:
4608:
4605:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4575:. Archived from
4565:
4559:
4558:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4506:
4495:
4494:
4488:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4470:Business Insider
4461:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4409:
4400:
4397:
4391:
4388:
4382:
4378:
4369:
4363:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4316:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4285:
4279:
4275:
4266:
4262:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4239:
4232:
4221:
4215:
4214:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4101:. Archived from
4095:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4075:. Archived from
4069:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4049:. Archived from
4043:
4037:
4036:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4009:. Archived from
4000:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3946:on May 28, 2009.
3942:. Archived from
3936:
3930:
3929:
3928:on May 19, 2009.
3924:. Archived from
3918:
3912:
3911:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3884:. Archived from
3878:
3872:
3871:
3861:
3851:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3793:. Archived from
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3767:. Archived from
3761:
3755:
3754:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3658:. Archived from
3652:
3646:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3615:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3571:
3548:Adalja, Amesh A.
3544:
3538:
3537:
3532:. Archived from
3526:
3520:
3519:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3486:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3437:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3388:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3323:
3314:
3313:
3303:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3190:. Archived from
3180:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3151:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3114:
3108:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3059:on June 12, 2009
3058:
3051:
3040:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3022:. October 2002.
3021:
3013:
3007:
3006:
2996:, Random House,
2987:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2940:on March 3, 2016
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2808:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2782:www.interpol.int
2774:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2754:
2725:
2716:
2638:Thomas C. Butler
2581:Brian T. Stewart
2421:Acer's Practice
2371:Salmonella typhi
2335:
2334:
2324:
2304:
2303:
2296:
2105:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2085:
2061:
2060:
2053:
2006:electronic chips
1857:Gates Foundation
1849:Business Insider
1806:interoperability
1707:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1585:, for example,:
1533:Ricinus communis
1344:pneumonic plague
1269:anthrax vaccines
1152:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1108:
1107:
1100:
831:
828:
815:agrobioterrorism
760:chemical warfare
716:
709:
702:
533:
532:
506:Terrorist groups
488:
222:Militia movement
189:Green/Ecological
94:Narcotics-driven
72:
71:
21:
20:
9331:
9330:
9326:
9325:
9324:
9322:
9321:
9320:
9301:
9300:
9299:
9294:
9179:
9165:House of Terror
9153:
9122:
9113:Reign of Terror
9096:
9060:
9051:State terrorism
9039:
8968:
8922:Ethnic violence
8890:
8881:
8840:
8835:
8805:
8800:
8779:Future problems
8752:
8743:
8677:
8646:
8613:Climate fiction
8579:
8454:2012 phenomenon
8437:
8343:Sheep and Goats
8230:2 Thessalonians
8108:
8025:Gamma-ray burst
7979:
7894:
7885:Genetic erosion
7840:
7810:
7801:Water pollution
7769:Ozone depletion
7665:Desertification
7605:
7520:
7455:Doomsday device
7435:Nuclear warfare
7374:
7349:
7344:
7314:
7309:
7285:Decontamination
7270:Biosurveillance
7224:
7192:
7186:
7148:
7147:Past biological
7135:
7112:
7102:
7030:
7013:Geneva Protocol
6990:
6976:Biosafety level
6962:
6930:
6899:
6889:
6846:
6828:
6802:
6756:Biosurveillance
6750:
6736:Project Bacchus
6707:
6693:
6665:
6658:
6597:and think tanks
6596:
6587:
6577:
6524:
6503:
6476:
6409:
6378:
6351:
6342:
6332:
6293:
6260:
6241:
6195:
6182:
6177:
6147:
6142:
6119:
6105:Geneva Protocol
6093:
6064:Decontamination
6012:
5869:Botulinum toxin
5864:Avian influenza
5845:
5761:Australia Group
5753:
5747:
5701:
5692:
5650:
5643:
5639:
5636:
5617:
5599:Carus, W. Seth
5595:NOVA: Bioterror
5580:
5577:
5576:
5575:
5560:
5559:
5555:
5548:
5546:Further reading
5543:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5499:
5497:
5477:
5475:
5464:
5438:
5436:
5403:
5398:
5391:
5387:
5380:
5376:
5369:
5365:
5358:
5354:
5344:
5342:
5334:
5333:
5329:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5290:
5286:
5279:
5275:
5268:
5264:
5254:
5252:
5242:
5238:
5229:
5228:
5224:
5215:
5214:
5210:
5200:
5198:
5181:
5172:
5162:
5160:
5153:DeseretNews.com
5145:
5141:
5131:
5129:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5096:
5092:
5083:
5079:
5073:Wayback Machine
5063:
5059:
5046:
5042:
5033:
5029:
5016:
5012:
5007:
5003:
4994:Wayback Machine
4984:
4980:
4972:
4968:
4959:
4957:
4944:
4940:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4918:
4910:
4903:
4893:
4891:
4881:
4877:
4853:10.1038/522020a
4838:(7554): 20â24.
4824:
4820:
4810:
4808:
4798:
4794:
4783:
4772:
4741:(12): 1163â72.
4724:
4720:
4667:
4663:
4626:(5745): 77â80.
4615:
4611:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4592:
4582:
4580:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4555:
4533:
4529:
4519:
4517:
4507:
4498:
4482:
4481:
4474:
4472:
4462:
4458:
4448:
4446:
4436:
4432:
4422:
4420:
4410:
4403:
4398:
4394:
4389:
4385:
4379:
4372:
4364:
4357:
4347:
4345:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4325:
4323:
4318:
4317:
4308:
4298:
4296:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4269:
4263:
4252:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4230:
4222:
4218:
4211:
4195:
4191:
4184:
4168:
4164:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4141:. May 16, 2019.
4137:
4136:
4132:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4108:
4106:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4082:
4080:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4056:
4054:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4035:. May 16, 2019.
4031:
4030:
4026:
4016:
4014:
3969:
3965:
3960:. May 16, 2019.
3956:
3955:
3951:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3891:
3889:
3888:on July 3, 2017
3880:
3879:
3875:
3828:
3824:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3800:
3798:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3774:
3772:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3734:
3732:
3722:
3718:
3679:
3675:
3665:
3663:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3641:
3637:
3589:
3585:
3562:(10): 954â962.
3545:
3541:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3455:
3451:
3406:
3402:
3357:
3353:
3324:
3317:
3272:
3268:
3229:
3225:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3182:
3181:
3174:
3164:
3162:
3152:
3148:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3124:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3102:
3098:
3089:
3087:
3086:on May 20, 2009
3076:
3075:
3071:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3041:
3034:
3026:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3004:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2974:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2917:
2915:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2892:
2890:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2862:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2809:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2776:
2775:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2723:
2717:
2710:
2706:
2693:Project Bacchus
2669:
2652:Yersinia pestis
2517:Yersinia pestis
2470:Botulinum toxin
2459:Vibrio cholerae
2329:
2305:
2301:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2258:
2199:
2106:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2075:
2062:
2058:
2051:
1926:
1920:
1918:Biosurveillance
1733:
1708:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1677:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1647:
1619:
1603:Vibrio cholerae
1423:
1342:in the form of
1331:Yersinia pestis
1302:Botulinum toxin
1244:anthrax vaccine
1189:
1153:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1122:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1096:Types of agents
1069:water treatment
1056:
927:
917:
827:
793:, and/or their
720:
691:
690:
666:
658:
657:
652:
577:
548:State terrorism
530:
522:
521:
507:
499:
498:
497:
493:Vehicle-ramming
486:
321:
319:
302:
301:
300:
245:
237:
236:
231:
217:Ethnic violence
198:
163:
108:
69:
58:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9329:
9319:
9318:
9313:
9296:
9295:
9293:
9292:
9291:
9290:
9282:
9281:
9280:
9270:
9265:
9264:
9263:
9253:
9252:
9251:
9243:
9238:
9237:
9236:
9228:
9227:
9226:
9218:
9217:
9216:
9208:
9207:
9206:
9198:
9197:
9196:
9187:
9185:
9181:
9180:
9178:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9161:
9159:
9155:
9154:
9152:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9130:
9128:
9124:
9123:
9121:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9104:
9102:
9098:
9097:
9095:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9068:
9066:
9062:
9061:
9059:
9058:
9053:
9047:
9045:
9041:
9040:
9038:
9037:
9036:
9035:
9028:Suicide attack
9025:
9020:
9015:
9010:
9005:
9000:
8995:
8990:
8985:
8983:Agro-terrorism
8979:
8977:
8970:
8969:
8967:
8966:
8960:
8955:
8946:
8941:
8939:Narcoterrorism
8936:
8935:
8934:
8929:
8919:
8914:
8909:
8904:
8898:
8896:
8892:
8891:
8884:
8882:
8880:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8848:
8846:
8842:
8841:
8834:
8833:
8826:
8819:
8811:
8802:
8801:
8799:
8798:
8797:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8774:Apocalypticism
8763:
8748:
8745:
8744:
8742:
8741:
8736:
8731:
8726:
8721:
8716:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8685:
8683:
8679:
8678:
8676:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8654:
8652:
8648:
8647:
8645:
8644:
8643:
8642:
8632:
8627:
8626:
8625:
8618:Disaster films
8615:
8610:
8609:
8608:
8603:
8593:
8591:Alien invasion
8587:
8585:
8581:
8580:
8578:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8566:
8565:
8560:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8539:
8538:
8533:
8531:Amillennialism
8528:
8518:
8516:Millenarianism
8513:
8512:
8511:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8469:Apocalypticism
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8445:
8443:
8439:
8438:
8436:
8435:
8434:
8433:
8423:
8418:
8417:
8416:
8415:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8394:
8393:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8365:Dhu al-Qarnayn
8362:
8357:
8347:
8346:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8334:
8333:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8311:Great Apostasy
8308:
8307:
8306:
8305:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8249:
8244:
8243:
8242:
8237:
8227:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8211:
8210:
8200:
8190:
8185:
8184:
8183:
8178:
8168:
8158:
8156:Last Judgement
8153:
8152:
8151:
8146:
8136:
8135:
8134:
8129:
8118:
8116:
8114:Eschatological
8110:
8109:
8107:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8080:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8068:
8067:
8057:
8052:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7991:
7989:
7985:
7984:
7981:
7980:
7978:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7941:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7920:
7919:
7918:
7913:
7902:
7900:
7896:
7895:
7893:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7861:
7859:
7850:
7846:
7845:
7842:
7841:
7839:
7838:
7837:
7836:
7829:Overpopulation
7826:
7820:
7818:
7812:
7811:
7809:
7808:
7806:Water scarcity
7803:
7798:
7793:
7792:
7791:
7781:
7779:Sea level rise
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7745:
7744:
7742:on marine life
7739:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7697:Global warming
7694:
7689:
7687:Global dimming
7684:
7679:
7678:
7677:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7645:Cascade effect
7642:
7641:
7640:
7630:
7624:
7622:
7620:Climate change
7613:
7607:
7606:
7604:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7592:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7555:
7554:
7549:
7539:
7534:
7528:
7526:
7522:
7521:
7519:
7518:
7513:
7512:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7487:
7486:
7485:
7480:
7470:
7464:
7463:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7450:Doomsday Clock
7447:
7442:
7432:
7431:
7430:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7409:
7408:
7403:
7401:Cyberterrorism
7398:
7388:
7382:
7380:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7372:
7371:
7370:
7360:
7354:
7351:
7350:
7343:
7342:
7335:
7328:
7320:
7311:
7310:
7308:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7240:Agro-terrorism
7236:
7234:
7233:Related topics
7230:
7229:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7222:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7196:
7194:
7188:
7187:
7185:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7152:
7150:
7141:
7137:
7136:
7134:
7133:
7127:
7122:
7116:
7114:
7113:representation
7108:
7107:
7104:
7103:
7101:
7100:
7095:
7089:
7083:
7078:
7072:
7067:
7061:
7055:
7049:
7044:
7038:
7036:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7022:
7016:
7009:
7007:
7000:
6996:
6995:
6992:
6991:
6989:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6972:
6970:
6968:Biocontainment
6964:
6963:
6961:
6960:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6938:
6936:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6912:
6910:
6901:
6895:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6887:
6881:
6875:
6856:
6854:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6838:
6836:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6826:
6820:
6813:
6811:
6804:
6803:
6801:
6800:
6794:
6788:
6778:
6772:
6766:
6760:
6758:
6752:
6751:
6749:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6718:
6716:
6709:
6703:
6702:
6699:
6698:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6670:
6668:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6656:
6646:
6641:
6631:
6626:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6600:
6598:
6589:
6583:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6569:
6563:
6553:
6543:
6532:
6530:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6522:
6517:
6511:
6509:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6501:
6495:
6493:
6486:
6482:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6474:
6468:
6458:
6448:
6442:
6432:
6417:
6415:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6386:
6384:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6370:
6355:
6353:
6344:
6338:
6337:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6330:
6325:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6303:
6301:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6291:
6286:
6276:
6270:
6268:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6251:
6249:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6214:
6208:
6206:
6197:
6196:administrative
6188:
6184:
6183:
6176:
6175:
6168:
6161:
6153:
6144:
6143:
6141:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6101:
6099:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6044:Biocontainment
6041:
6036:
6031:
6029:Anthrax hoaxes
6026:
6024:Agro-terrorism
6020:
6018:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5993:Staphylococcus
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5912:
5905:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5855:
5853:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5757:
5755:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5709:
5707:
5703:
5702:
5691:
5690:
5683:
5676:
5668:
5662:
5661:
5655:
5635:
5632:
5631:
5630:
5615:
5597:
5592:
5586:United Nations
5574:
5573:
5568:
5562:
5561:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5532:
5520:
5505:
5483:
5462:
5453:
5444:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5385:
5374:
5363:
5352:
5327:
5313:
5284:
5273:
5262:
5236:
5222:
5208:
5170:
5139:
5107:
5103:New York Times
5090:
5084:Cohen, Bryan.
5077:
5064:Cohen, Bryan.
5057:
5040:
5034:Heitz, David.
5027:
5010:
5001:
4978:
4966:
4938:
4901:
4875:
4818:
4792:
4770:
4727:Wimmer, Eckard
4718:
4661:
4609:
4600:
4590:
4560:
4553:
4527:
4515:www.hstoday.us
4496:
4456:
4444:Foreign Policy
4430:
4401:
4392:
4383:
4370:
4366:Hylton, Wil S.
4355:
4333:
4306:
4280:
4267:
4250:
4216:
4209:
4189:
4182:
4162:
4144:
4130:
4116:
4090:
4064:
4047:"CDC Glanders"
4038:
4024:
3983:(4): 413â416.
3963:
3949:
3931:
3913:
3899:
3873:
3822:
3808:
3782:
3771:on May 4, 2018
3756:
3742:
3716:
3673:
3647:
3635:
3613:10.1086/596063
3583:
3539:
3521:
3507:
3498:
3469:(5): 449â471.
3449:
3420:(5): 449â471.
3400:
3371:(8): 483â484.
3351:
3338:(7): 569â576.
3315:
3286:(3): 219â223.
3266:
3223:
3205:
3172:
3146:
3134:
3109:
3096:
3069:
3032:
3008:
3002:
2982:
2972:
2951:
2925:
2909:"Bioterrorism"
2900:
2875:
2860:
2834:
2827:
2794:
2778:"Bioterrorism"
2766:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2654:
2649:
2641:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2587:Lake St. Louis
2584:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2545:
2540:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2513:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2461:
2444:
2439:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2403:
2398:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2373:
2364:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2331:
2330:
2308:
2306:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2285:Main article:
2282:
2279:
2275:smallpox virus
2257:
2254:
2242:
2241:
2226:
2218:
2198:
2195:
2108:
2107:
2072:of the subject
2070:worldwide view
2065:
2063:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2024:
2023:
2013:
1988:drinking water
1957:Masonic temple
1949:George W. Bush
1932:'s Center for
1919:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1853:New York Times
1819:
1818:
1810:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1732:
1729:
1710:
1709:
1674:of the subject
1672:worldwide view
1667:
1665:
1658:
1649:Main article:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1625:that might be
1618:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1598:
1575:
1563:
1560:Staphylococcal
1557:
1541:
1525:
1513:
1501:
1489:
1477:
1448:
1440:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1390:fatality rates
1351:
1326:Bubonic plague
1323:
1299:
1291:mortality rate
1280:
1233:
1208:
1205:George W. Bush
1188:
1185:
1159:Under current
1155:
1154:
1119:of the subject
1117:worldwide view
1112:
1110:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1055:
1052:
1025:food poisoning
1005:They infected
916:
913:
886:smallpox virus
875:
874:
869:
863:
862:
857:
851:
850:
845:
839:
838:
835:
826:
823:
819:agro-terrorism
743:United States
722:
721:
719:
718:
711:
704:
696:
693:
692:
689:
688:
683:
678:
673:
667:
664:
663:
660:
659:
654:
653:
651:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
589:
586:
585:
579:
578:
576:
575:
570:
565:
560:
554:
551:
550:
544:
543:
542:
541:
531:
528:
527:
524:
523:
520:
519:
514:
508:
505:
504:
501:
500:
496:
495:
490:
483:
476:Suicide attack
473:
468:
467:
466:
461:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
409:Hostage-taking
406:
401:
396:
394:Cyberterrorism
391:
386:
385:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
354:
344:
339:
329:
327:Agro-terrorism
323:
322:
318:
317:
314:
310:
308:
307:
304:
303:
299:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
261:Radicalization
258:
253:
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
238:
233:
232:
230:
229:
224:
219:
214:
208:
205:
204:
203:Related topics
200:
199:
197:
196:
191:
186:
181:
175:
172:
171:
165:
164:
162:
161:
156:
151:
148:Salafi-Wahhabi
141:
136:
126:
120:
117:
116:
110:
109:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
75:
70:
64:
63:
60:
59:
57:
56:
51:
46:
40:
37:
36:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9328:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9308:
9306:
9289:
9286:
9285:
9283:
9279:
9276:
9275:
9274:
9273:United States
9271:
9269:
9266:
9262:
9259:
9258:
9257:
9254:
9250:
9247:
9246:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9235:
9232:
9231:
9229:
9225:
9222:
9221:
9219:
9215:
9212:
9211:
9209:
9205:
9202:
9201:
9199:
9195:
9192:
9191:
9189:
9188:
9186:
9182:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9162:
9160:
9156:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9131:
9129:
9125:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9105:
9103:
9099:
9093:
9092:Training camp
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9069:
9067:
9063:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9048:
9046:
9042:
9034:
9031:
9030:
9029:
9026:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9014:
9011:
9009:
9006:
9004:
9001:
8999:
8996:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8981:
8980:
8978:
8976:
8971:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8924:
8923:
8920:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8899:
8897:
8893:
8888:
8878:
8877:War on Terror
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8849:
8847:
8845:Main articles
8843:
8839:
8832:
8827:
8825:
8820:
8818:
8813:
8812:
8809:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8789:Risk analysis
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8771:
8764:
8762:
8761:
8756:
8750:
8749:
8746:
8740:
8737:
8735:
8734:Social crisis
8732:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8686:
8684:
8680:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8655:
8653:
8651:Organizations
8649:
8641:
8638:
8637:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8624:
8621:
8620:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8607:
8604:
8602:
8599:
8598:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8589:
8588:
8586:
8582:
8576:
8575:World to come
8573:
8571:
8568:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8555:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8523:
8522:
8521:Millennialism
8519:
8517:
8514:
8510:
8509:Messianic Age
8507:
8506:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8494:Gog and Magog
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8484:Earth Changes
8482:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8446:
8444:
8440:
8432:
8429:
8428:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8399:
8398:
8395:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
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8358:
8356:
8353:
8352:
8351:
8348:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8332:
8329:
8328:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8321:New Jerusalem
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8297:War in Heaven
8295:
8293:
8292:Two witnesses
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8259:
8258:
8255:
8254:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8232:
8231:
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8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8209:
8206:
8205:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8195:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8173:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8163:
8162:
8161:Second Coming
8159:
8157:
8154:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8141:
8140:
8137:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8124:
8123:
8120:
8119:
8117:
8115:
8111:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8066:
8063:
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7990:
7986:
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7958:
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7912:
7909:
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7901:
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7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
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7876:
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7871:
7868:
7866:
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7860:
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7851:
7847:
7835:
7832:
7831:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7821:
7819:
7817:
7813:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
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7785:
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7730:
7728:
7725:
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7718:
7715:
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7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7676:
7673:
7672:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7660:Deforestation
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7639:
7636:
7635:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7625:
7623:
7621:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7608:
7602:
7601:World War III
7599:
7597:
7594:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7576:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7544:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7529:
7527:
7523:
7517:
7516:Transhumanism
7514:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7495:
7491:
7488:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7475:
7474:
7471:
7468:
7465:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7437:
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7429:
7426:
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7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7393:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7379:Technological
7377:
7369:
7366:
7365:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7355:
7352:
7348:
7341:
7336:
7334:
7329:
7327:
7322:
7321:
7318:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
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7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
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7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
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7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7237:
7235:
7231:
7220:
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7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
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7198:
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7189:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
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7151:
7145:
7142:
7138:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7117:
7115:
7111:International
7109:
7099:
7096:
7093:
7090:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
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7062:
7059:
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7037:
7033:
7026:
7023:
7020:
7017:
7014:
7011:
7010:
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7004:
7001:
6997:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6973:
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6969:
6965:
6958:
6955:
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6950:
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6943:
6940:
6939:
6937:
6933:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6913:
6911:
6909:
6905:
6902:
6900:and equipment
6896:
6885:
6882:
6879:
6876:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6861:
6858:
6857:
6855:
6853:
6849:
6843:
6840:
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6824:
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6809:
6805:
6798:
6795:
6792:
6789:
6786:
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6767:
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6759:
6757:
6753:
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6704:
6690:
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6607:
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6593:
6590:
6584:
6573:
6570:
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6506:
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6412:
6406:
6403:
6401:
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6393:
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6374:
6371:
6368:
6364:
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6357:
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6339:
6329:
6326:
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6310:
6308:
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6300:
6296:
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6280:
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6230:
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6222:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6192:
6189:
6187:Organizations
6185:
6181:
6174:
6169:
6167:
6162:
6160:
6155:
6154:
6151:
6139:
6136:
6134:
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6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5978:Salmonellosis
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5953:Marburg virus
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
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5895:
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5872:
5870:
5867:
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5862:
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5857:
5856:
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5842:
5839:
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5829:
5827:
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5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
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5772:
5769:
5767:
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5759:
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5756:
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5711:
5710:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5689:
5684:
5682:
5677:
5675:
5670:
5669:
5666:
5659:
5656:
5649:
5642:
5638:
5637:
5634:United States
5626:
5622:
5618:
5616:9781410100238
5612:
5608:
5602:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5578:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5538:
5533:
5523:
5517:
5513:
5512:
5506:
5495:
5491:
5490:
5484:
5473:
5469:
5468:
5463:
5459:
5454:
5450:
5445:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5406:
5405:
5394:
5389:
5383:
5378:
5372:
5367:
5361:
5356:
5345:September 11,
5341:
5337:
5331:
5316:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5288:
5282:
5277:
5271:
5266:
5251:
5247:
5240:
5232:
5226:
5218:
5212:
5195:
5190:
5186:
5179:
5177:
5175:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5143:
5127:
5123:
5122:The Telegraph
5118:
5111:
5104:
5100:
5094:
5087:
5081:
5074:
5070:
5067:
5061:
5054:
5050:
5047:Locker, Ray.
5044:
5037:
5031:
5024:
5020:
5017:Bell, Larry.
5014:
5005:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4982:
4975:
4970:
4955:
4951:
4950:
4942:
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4807:
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4796:
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4779:
4777:
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4766:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4740:
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4732:
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4722:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4665:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4613:
4604:
4594:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4564:
4556:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4531:
4520:September 12,
4516:
4512:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4492:
4486:
4471:
4467:
4460:
4445:
4441:
4434:
4423:September 19,
4419:
4415:
4408:
4406:
4396:
4387:
4377:
4375:
4367:
4362:
4360:
4343:
4337:
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4126:
4120:
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4094:
4078:
4074:
4068:
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4028:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
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3967:
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3935:
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3887:
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3818:
3812:
3796:
3792:
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3770:
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3760:
3752:
3746:
3731:
3730:New Scientist
3727:
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3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
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3684:
3677:
3661:
3657:
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3645:
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3619:
3614:
3609:
3606:(3): 336â41.
3605:
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3404:
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3333:
3329:
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3320:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
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3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3227:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3193:
3189:
3187:
3179:
3177:
3161:
3157:
3150:
3144:
3138:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3106:
3100:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3073:
3055:
3048:
3047:
3039:
3037:
3025:
3018:
3012:
3005:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2986:
2976:
2969:
2968:9780345466631
2965:
2961:
2955:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2838:
2830:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2722:
2715:
2713:
2708:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2614:United States
2612:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2464:Shoko Asahara
2462:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2436:Aum Shinrikyo
2434:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2417:David J. Acer
2415:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2288:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2209:For example:
2207:
2205:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2164:Bill Pascrell
2160:
2159:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2134:decontaminate
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2104:
2101:
2093:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1928:In 1999, the
1925:
1915:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1873:Joe Lieberman
1870:
1866:
1865:globalization
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1750:public health
1746:
1743:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1706:
1703:
1695:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1562:enterotoxin B
1561:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1415:
1414:South America
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:Aum Shinrikyo
1391:
1387:
1383:
1382:Machupo virus
1379:
1376:(for example
1375:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1364:Marburg virus
1361:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1256:Aum Shinrikyo
1253:
1252:ciprofloxacin
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1229:F. tularensis
1226:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1177:select agents
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1151:
1148:
1140:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1093:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1032:Aum Shinrikyo
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
987:
985:
981:
978:In 1980, the
976:
974:
970:
966:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
934:
932:
926:
922:
912:
910:
906:
902:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
861:
858:
856:
853:
852:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
836:
833:
832:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
762:mask and hood
761:
757:
753:
750:
746:
741:
733:
730:Firefighters
728:
717:
712:
710:
705:
703:
698:
697:
695:
694:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
662:
661:
649:
646:
644:
643:United States
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
628:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
588:
587:
584:
581:
580:
574:
571:
569:
568:United States
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
553:
552:
549:
546:
545:
540:
537:
536:
535:
534:
526:
525:
518:
515:
513:
510:
509:
503:
502:
494:
491:
489:
484:
481:
477:
474:
472:
469:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
404:Environmental
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
362:
358:
355:
353:
350:
349:
348:
345:
343:
340:
337:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
320:
315:
312:
311:
306:
305:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
271:Training camp
269:
266:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
248:
241:
240:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
209:
207:
206:
202:
201:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
184:Anti-abortion
182:
180:
177:
176:
174:
173:
170:
167:
166:
160:
157:
155:
152:
149:
145:
142:
140:
137:
134:
130:
127:
125:
122:
121:
119:
118:
115:
112:
111:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
76:
74:
73:
68:
62:
61:
55:
52:
50:
47:
45:
42:
41:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
9311:Bioterrorism
9261:Soviet Union
9118:White Terror
9065:Organisation
8993:Bioterrorism
8992:
8751:
8694:Cyberwarfare
8412:Third Temple
8267:Lake of fire
8077:Rogue planet
8045:Impact event
8035:Proton decay
7988:Astronomical
7938:Bioterrorism
7937:
7784:Supervolcano
7682:Flood basalt
7628:Anoxic event
7537:Collapsology
7525:Sociological
7396:Cyberwarfare
7300:Select agent
7280:CBRN defense
7275:Bioterrorism
7274:
7193:and programs
7015:(1925, 1975)
6708:and projects
6588:governmental
6367:Fort Detrick
6352:departmental
5754:and response
5699:bioterrorism
5698:
5606:
5585:
5557:Bioterrorism
5556:
5536:
5525:, retrieved
5510:
5498:, retrieved
5494:the original
5488:
5476:, retrieved
5472:the original
5466:
5457:
5448:
5437:, retrieved
5417:
5413:
5401:Bibliography
5388:
5377:
5366:
5355:
5343:. Retrieved
5339:
5330:
5318:. Retrieved
5295:
5287:
5276:
5265:
5253:. Retrieved
5249:
5239:
5225:
5211:
5199:. Retrieved
5194:the original
5188:
5163:February 16,
5161:. Retrieved
5157:the original
5152:
5142:
5132:February 19,
5130:. Retrieved
5121:
5110:
5102:
5093:
5080:
5060:
5052:
5043:
5030:
5022:
5013:
5004:
4996:
4981:
4969:
4958:, retrieved
4954:the original
4948:
4941:
4930:, retrieved
4923:the original
4914:
4892:. Retrieved
4888:
4878:
4835:
4831:
4821:
4809:. Retrieved
4805:
4795:
4786:
4738:
4734:
4721:
4678:
4674:
4664:
4623:
4619:
4612:
4603:
4593:
4581:. Retrieved
4577:the original
4573:www.jcvi.org
4572:
4563:
4536:
4530:
4518:. Retrieved
4514:
4473:. Retrieved
4469:
4459:
4447:. Retrieved
4443:
4433:
4421:. Retrieved
4417:
4395:
4386:
4346:. Retrieved
4336:
4324:. Retrieved
4297:. Retrieved
4293:the original
4283:
4242:, retrieved
4235:the original
4226:
4219:
4203:. Springer.
4199:
4192:
4172:
4165:
4156:
4147:
4133:
4119:
4109:September 8,
4107:. Retrieved
4103:the original
4093:
4083:September 8,
4081:. Retrieved
4077:the original
4067:
4057:September 8,
4055:. Retrieved
4051:the original
4041:
4027:
4015:. Retrieved
4011:the original
3980:
3976:
3966:
3952:
3944:the original
3934:
3926:the original
3916:
3902:
3892:December 18,
3890:. Retrieved
3886:the original
3876:
3839:
3835:
3825:
3811:
3799:. Retrieved
3795:the original
3785:
3775:December 18,
3773:. Retrieved
3769:the original
3759:
3745:
3735:February 16,
3733:. Retrieved
3729:
3719:
3689:(1): 40â46.
3686:
3682:
3676:
3666:September 8,
3664:. Retrieved
3660:the original
3650:
3638:
3603:
3597:
3586:
3559:
3555:
3542:
3534:the original
3524:
3510:
3501:
3466:
3462:
3452:
3417:
3413:
3403:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3335:
3331:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3217:
3208:
3196:. Retrieved
3192:the original
3185:
3163:. Retrieved
3159:
3149:
3137:
3125:. Retrieved
3121:
3112:
3104:
3099:
3088:, retrieved
3084:the original
3078:
3072:
3061:, retrieved
3054:the original
3045:
3011:
2992:
2985:
2975:
2959:
2954:
2942:. Retrieved
2938:the original
2928:
2916:. Retrieved
2912:
2903:
2891:. Retrieved
2887:
2878:
2843:
2837:
2813:
2785:. Retrieved
2781:
2757:. Retrieved
2737:
2733:
2729:CTC Sentinel
2727:
2698:Select agent
2657:
2656:30 vials of
2651:
2627:
2624:
2618:
2548:
2542:
2515:
2467:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:Tokyo, Japan
2406:
2400:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2326:(March 2024)
2325:
2314:
2259:
2249:
2243:
2208:
2203:
2200:
2180:
2174:
2167:
2156:
2151:
2149:
2142:
2115:
2111:
2096:
2087:
2067:
2036:
2033:
2025:
1999:
1992:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1946:
1927:
1912:
1885:
1869:urbanization
1855:report, the
1852:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1823:
1820:
1801:
1754:
1747:
1734:
1731:Preparedness
1722:
1716:
1713:
1698:
1689:
1669:
1620:
1607:
1601:
1583:alphaviruses
1579:encephalitis
1569:
1547:
1538:castor beans
1531:
1519:
1507:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1451:
1443:
1434:
1424:
1373:Arenaviridae
1371:
1357:
1329:
1309:
1239:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1190:
1158:
1143:
1134:
1114:
1086:
1078:
1057:
1037:
1029:
1010:
988:
977:
962:
938:Anton Dilger
935:
929:By the time
928:
898:
878:
866:
854:
842:
814:
803:agribusiness
767:Bioterrorism
766:
765:
633:Saudi Arabia
627:Soviet Union
563:Soviet Union
389:Bioterrorism
388:
352:Animal-borne
18:
9033:Palestinian
8998:Car bombing
8944:Nationalist
8927:Palestinian
8895:By ideology
8770:Categories
8739:Survivalism
8426:Zoroastrian
8282:Seven seals
8277:Seven bowls
8203:Historicism
8099:Solar flare
7975:Overfishing
7950:Defaunation
7737:coral reefs
7499:AI takeover
7418:Nanoweapons
7406:Cybergeddon
7391:Cyberattack
7058:Patriot Act
7035:Legislation
6942:Cell CANARY
6926:Respirators
6808:Biosecurity
6689:Phoenix Air
6666:contractors
5943:Henipavirus
5874:Brucellosis
5255:January 15,
4894:January 24,
4811:January 24,
4598:Switzerland
4583:January 24,
4475:October 19,
4449:October 19,
4017:February 8,
3842:(1): 8â14.
3218:www.cnn.com
3165:December 2,
3122:www.who.int
2893:October 25,
2888:www.cdc.gov
2688:Biosecurity
2393:The Dalles,
2228:Within the
2223:Ebola virus
2016:Fiber-optic
2010:nerve cells
1798:bomb squads
1634:Nipah virus
1554:Rosary peas
1546:toxin from
1530:toxin from
1504:Psittacosis
1492:Melioidosis
1430:Brucellosis
1378:Lassa virus
1368:Ebola virus
1359:Filoviridae
1348:Black Death
1248:antibiotics
1092:outbreaks.
1073:crop-duster
946:Chevy Chase
931:World War I
747:wearing an
276:Death squad
179:Suffragette
99:Nationalist
44:Definitions
9305:Categories
9284:Venezuela
9184:By country
9108:Red Terror
9101:Historical
9023:Proxy bomb
8973:Types and
8917:Right-wing
8852:Definition
8699:Depression
8689:Ransomware
8504:Messianism
8474:Armageddon
8459:Apocalypse
8247:Antichrist
8235:Man of sin
8132:Three Ages
7995:Big Crunch
7857:Extinction
7849:Biological
7611:Ecological
7483:Strangelet
7245:Biodefense
6908:Protection
6898:Technology
6886:(CDC, DHS)
6810:/Biosurety
6799:(Civilian)
6777:(EPA, CDC)
6732:(DoD) plus
6664:Government
6375:(DHHS/DoD)
6324:(JPEO-CBD)
6138:Wikisource
5938:Hantavirus
5916:Venezuelan
5752:Prevention
5340:Justia Law
4348:October 3,
4326:October 3,
4299:October 3,
3332:BioScience
3233:The Lancet
3198:October 6,
3118:"Smallpox"
2828:0387950761
2704:References
2673:Biodefence
2608:Amerithrax
2508:Lancaster,
2413:1987â1990
2355:1964â1966
2244:"The next
2191:Super Bowl
2176:Bill Gates
2020:antibodies
1934:Biomedical
1922:See also:
1724:Salmonella
1651:Biodefense
1639:Hantavirus
1627:engineered
1617:Category C
1453:Salmonella
1421:Category B
1306:neurotoxin
1295:eradicated
1187:Category A
1165:bio-agents
1017:The Dalles
950:stevedores
919:See also:
882:terrorists
834:Definition
825:Definition
756:biological
573:Uzbekistan
558:Kazakhstan
424:Kidnapping
419:Insurgency
367:Improvised
194:Misogynist
9288:Sponsored
9278:Sponsored
9268:Sri Lanka
9249:Sponsored
9241:Palestine
9234:Sponsored
9230:Pakistan
9224:Sponsored
9214:Sponsored
9204:Sponsored
9194:Sponsored
9144:Incidents
9087:Lone wolf
9077:Financing
8953:Christian
8949:Religious
8912:Left-wing
8902:Communist
8838:Terrorism
8584:Fictional
8431:Saoshyant
8316:New Earth
8287:The Beast
8220:Preterism
8193:Christian
8149:Kali Yuga
8094:Micronova
8089:Hypernova
7955:Dysgenics
7796:Verneshot
7702:Hypercane
7445:Dead Hand
7149:incidents
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