War - Knowledge

3709: 4414:. Relevant quotes include on p332 "The first step in understanding violence is to set aside our abhorrence of it long enough to examine why it can sometimes pay off in evolutionary terms.", "Natural selection is powered by competition, which means that the products of natural selection – survival machines, in Richard Dawkins metaphor – should, by default, do whatever helps them survive and reproduce.". On p323 "If an obstacle stands in the way of something an organism needs, it should neutralize the obstacle by disabling or eliminating it.", "Another human obstacle consists of men monopolozing women who could otherwise be taken as wives.", "The competition can be violent". On p324 "So people have invented, and perhaps evolved, an alternate defense: the advertised deterrence policy known as 194: 3347: 111: 4243:(right to war), dictates which unfriendly acts and circumstances justify a proper authority in declaring war on another nation. There are six main criteria for the declaration of a just war: first, any just war must be declared by a lawful authority; second, it must be a just and righteous cause, with sufficient gravity to merit large-scale violence; third, the just belligerent must have rightful intentions – namely, that they seek to advance good and curtail evil; fourth, a just belligerent must have a reasonable chance of success; fifth, the war must be a last resort; and sixth, the ends being sought must be proportional to means being used. 2715: 4199: 3665: 102: 62: 2803: 91: 3894: 4247: 4270:(right in war), is the set of ethical rules when conducting war. The two main principles are proportionality and discrimination. Proportionality regards how much force is necessary and morally appropriate to the ends being sought and the injustice suffered. The principle of discrimination determines who are the legitimate targets in a war, and specifically makes a separation between combatants, who it is permissible to kill, and non-combatants, who it is not. Failure to follow these rules can result in the loss of legitimacy for the just-war-belligerent. 71: 2822: 2353: 4418:, the law of retaliation, familiar from the biblical injunction "An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth." If you can credibly say to potential adversaries, "We won't attack first, but if we are attacked, we will survive and strike back," you remove Hobbes's first two incentives for quarrel, gain and mistrust.". On p326 "Also necessary for vengeance to work as a deterrent is that the willingness to pursue it be made public, because the whole point of deterrence is to give would-be attackers second thoughts 3580:, thought war was the paranoid or projective "elaboration" of mourning. Fornari thought war and violence develop out of our "love need": our wish to preserve and defend the sacred object to which we are attached, namely our early mother and our fusion with her. For the adult, nations are the sacred objects that generate warfare. Fornari focused upon sacrifice as the essence of war: the astonishing willingness of human beings to die for their country, to give over their bodies to their nation. 4290: 9091: 11452: 2434: 3294: 82: 11463: 3471: 4168:, and a significant domestic "rally effect" has been demonstrated when conflicts begin. However, studies examining the increased use of force as a function of need for internal political support are more mixed. U.S. war-time presidential popularity surveys taken during the presidencies of several recent U.S. leaders have supported diversionary theory. 3597:

democracy or a fascist dictatorship or a Parliament or a Communist dictatorship. ... the people can always be brought to the bidding of the leaders. That is easy. All you have to do is tell them they are being attacked and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism and exposing the country to danger. It works the same way in any country.

3746:. While this theory has been applied to many conflicts, such counter arguments become less valid as the increasing mobility of capital and information level the distributions of wealth worldwide, or when considering that it is relative, not absolute, wealth differences that may fuel wars. There are those on the extreme 4147:

as it relates to international relations emphasizes factors such as trade, and its role in disincentivizing conflict which will damage economic relations. Critics respond that military force may sometimes be at least as effective as trade at achieving economic benefits, especially historically if not

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Crofoot and Wrangham have argued that warfare, if defined as group interactions in which "coalitions attempt to aggressively dominate or kill members of other groups", is a characteristic of most human societies. Those in which it has been lacking "tend to be societies that were politically dominated

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argues that war is a result of miscalculation of strength. He cites historical examples of war and demonstrates, "war is usually the outcome of a diplomatic crisis which cannot be solved because both sides have conflicting estimates of their bargaining power." Thirdly, bargaining may fail due to the

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For this land which you now inhabit, shut in on all sides by the sea and the mountain peaks, is too narrow for your large population; it scarcely furnishes food enough for its cultivators. Hence it is that you murder and devour one another, that you wage wars, and that many among you perish in civil

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strongly denied universalistic instinctual arguments, arguing that social factors and childhood socialization are important in determining the nature and presence of warfare. Thus, he argues, warfare is not a universal human occurrence and appears to have been a historical invention, associated with

3450:. Many economists believe that government spending on the war caused or at least accelerated recovery from the Great Depression, though some consider that it did not play a very large role in the recovery, though it did help in reducing unemployment. In most cases, such as the wars of Louis XIV, the 7963:

More recently studies (Lebow 2008, Lindemann 2010) demonstrated that striving for self-esteem (i.e. virile self images), and recognition as a Great Power or non-recognition (exclusion and punishment of great powers, denying traumatic historical events) is a principal cause of international conflict

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he Foreign Ministry and the Military High Command were in agreement that political and military hegemony over Serbia and the Western Balkans was a vital war aim. The Hungarian Prime Minister István Count Tisza, by contrast, was more preoccupied with so-called 'negative war aims', notably warding

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Lewis Coser, an American conflict theorist and sociologist, argued conflict provides a function and a process whereby a succession of new equilibriums are created. Thus, the struggle of opposing forces, rather than being disruptive, may be a means of balancing and maintaining a social structure or

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theory: States have the goal of preventing a single state from becoming a hegemon, and war is the result of the would-be hegemon's persistent attempts at power acquisition. In this view, an international system with more equal distribution of power is more stable, and "movements toward unipolarity

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Parker argues that Western armies were stronger because they emphasized discipline, that is, "the ability of a formation to stand fast in the face of the enemy, where they're attacking or being attacked, without giving way to the natural impulse of fear and panic." Discipline came from drills and

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Despite Fornari's theory that man's altruistic desire for self-sacrifice for a noble cause is a contributing factor towards war, few wars have originated from a desire for war among the general populace. Far more often the general population has been reluctantly drawn into war by its rulers. One

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was estimated at a value of 679 billion rubles. The combined damage consisted of complete or partial destruction of 1,710 cities and towns, 70,000 villages/hamlets, 2,508 church buildings, 31,850 industrial establishments, 40,000 mi (64,374 km) of railroad, 4100 railroad stations,

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Throughout the course of human history, the average number of people dying from war has fluctuated relatively little, being about 1 to 10 people dying per 100,000. However, major wars over shorter periods have resulted in much higher casualty rates, with 100–200 casualties per 100,000 over a few

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as much today. Furthermore, trade relations which result in a high level of dependency may escalate tensions and lead to conflict. Empirical data on the relationship of trade to peace are mixed, and moreover, some evidence suggests countries at war do not necessarily trade less with each other.

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The Western way of war rests upon five principal foundations: technology, discipline, a highly aggressive military tradition, a remarkable capacity to innovate and to respond rapidly to the innovation of others and – from about 1500 onward – a unique system of war

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Naturally, the common people don't want war; neither in Russia nor in England nor in America, nor for that matter in Germany. That is understood. But, after all, it is the leaders of the country who determine the policy and it is always a simple matter to drag the people along, whether it is a

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Swank and Marchand's World War II study found that after sixty days of continuous combat, 98% of all surviving military personnel will become psychiatric casualties. Psychiatric casualties manifest themselves in fatigue cases, confusional states, conversion hysteria, anxiety, obsessional and

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in 1941, some 1.6 million were killed by the Germans in actions away from battlefields, including about 700,000 prisoners of war, 500,000 Jews, and 320,000 people counted as partisans (the vast majority of whom were unarmed civilians). Another byproduct of some wars is the prevalence of

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differentiates between international and non-international armed conflict in their definition, "International armed conflicts exist whenever there is resort to armed force between two or more States.... Non-international armed conflicts are protracted armed confrontations occurring between

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psychological theory that looks at the leaders is advanced by Maurice Walsh. He argues the general populace is more neutral towards war and wars occur when leaders with a psychologically abnormal disregard for human life are placed into power. War is caused by leaders who seek war such as

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million±133,000 victims based on the assumption that it accounted for the 15.1% of all deaths. Other scholars find the prehistoric percentage much lower, around 2%, similar to the Neanderthals and ancestors of apes and primates. For the period 3000 BCE until 1991, estimates range from

3386:, while survivors may suffer the psychological aftereffects of witnessing the destruction of war. War also results in lower quality of life and worse health outcomes. A medium-sized conflict with about 2,500 battle deaths reduces civilian life expectancy by one year and increases 3323:

on 25 June 1812, less than 40,000 returned. More military personnel were killed from 1500 to 1914 by typhus than from military action. In addition, if it were not for modern medical advances there would be thousands more dead from disease and infection. For instance, during the

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governmental armed forces and the forces of one or more armed groups, or between such groups arising on the territory of a State . The armed confrontation must reach a minimum level of intensity and the parties involved in the conflict must show a minimum of organisation."

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took office and declared he had 'not become the King's First Minister to oversee the liquidation of the British empire'. His view was that an Anglo-American English-speaking alliance would seek to preserve the empire, though ending it was among Roosevelt's implicit war

4135:: Hegemons impose stabilizing conditions on the world order, but they eventually decline, and war occurs when a declining hegemon is challenged by another rising power or aims to pre-emptively suppress them. On this view, unlike for balance-of-power theory, wars become 3238:

In every war in which American soldiers have fought in, the chances of becoming a psychiatric casualty – of being debilitated for some period of time as a consequence of the stresses of military life – were greater than the chances of being killed by enemy

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finance. The combination of all five provided a formula for military success....The outcome of wars has been determined less by technology, then by better war plans, the achievement of surprise, greater economic strength, and above all superior discipline.

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In Western Europe, since the late 18th century, more than 150 conflicts and about 600 battles have taken place. During the 20th century, war resulted in a dramatic intensification of the pace of social changes, and was a crucial catalyst for the growth of

2397:. All of these forms of warfare were used by primitive societies, a finding supported by other researchers. Keeley explains that early war raids were not well organized, as the participants did not have any formal training. Scarcity of resources meant 7514:. Muenchen: Hanser 1998; see also (criticizing youth bulge theory) Marc Sommers (2006): "Fearing Africa's Young Men: The Case of Rwanda." The World Bank: Social Development Papers – Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction, Paper No. 32, January 2006 2407:

wrote "Pre-literate societies, even those organized in a relatively advanced way, were renowned for their studied cruelty.'" Since the rise of the state some 5,000 years ago, military activity has continued over much of the globe. The invention of

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as high as 4–8 children per woman with a 15–29-year delay. Heinsohn saw both past "Christianist" European colonialism and imperialism, as well as today's Islamist civil unrest and terrorism as results of high birth rates producing youth bulges.

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species, group conflict may be a general feature of animal social behavior. Some proponents of the idea argue that war, while innate, has been intensified greatly by developments of technology and social organization such as weaponry and states.

4908:, p. xvii–xviii: "War in this century became an essential precondition for the emergence of a numerically powerful Left, moving it from the margins to the very center of European politics during 1917–18 and of all world affairs after 1941". 4177:

These theories suggest differences in people's personalities, decision-making, emotions, belief systems, and biases are important in determining whether conflicts get out of hand. For instance, it has been proposed that conflict is modulated by

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A state with greater military capacity than its adversary is more likely to prevail in wars with 'total' war aims – the overthrow of a foreign government or annexation of territory – than in wars with more limited

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is an intense international rivalry without direct military conflict, but with a sustained threat of it, including high levels of military preparations, expenditures, and development, and may involve active conflicts by indirect means, such as

3458:, warfare primarily results in damage to the economy of the countries involved. For example, Russia's involvement in World War I took such a toll on the Russian economy that it almost collapsed and greatly contributed to the start of the 3625:

Several theories concern the evolutionary origins of warfare. There are two main schools: One sees organized warfare as emerging in or after the Mesolithic as a result of complex social organization and greater population density and

4040:" which is faulty, but still rational. The rationalist theory focused around bargaining, which is currently under debate. The Iraq War proved to be an anomaly that undercuts the validity of applying rationalist theory to some wars. 4019:

with incentives to misrepresent" occurs when two countries have secrets about their individual capabilities, and do not agree on either: who would win a war between them, or the magnitude of state's victory or loss. For instance,

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approach, rationalist theories posit all actors can bargain, would be better off if war did not occur, and likewise seek to understand why war nonetheless reoccurs. Under another rationalist game theory without bargaining, the

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in the early 1990s. However, the evidence examined in the 2008 edition of the Center for International Development and Conflict Management's "Peace and Conflict" study indicated the overall decline in conflicts had stalled.

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Intangibles, such as prestige or power, can also represent war aims, though often (albeit not always) their achievement is framed within a more tangible context (e.g. conquest restores prestige, annexation increases power,

4313:: "Any act of war aimed indiscriminately at the destruction of entire cities of extensive areas along with their population is a crime against God and man himself. It merits unequivocal and unhesitating condemnation." 4352:, temporary cessation, humanitarian pauses and corridors, days of tranquility, de-confliction arrangements. There are a number of disadvantages, obstacles and hesitations against implementing such pauses such as a 3750:

of the political spectrum who provide support, fascists in particular, by asserting a natural right of a strong nation to whatever the weak cannot hold by force. Some centrist, capitalist, world leaders, including

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Robert J. Bunker and Pamela Ligouri Bunker, "The modern state in epochal transition: The significance of irregular warfare, state deconstruction, and the rise of new warfighting entities beyond neo-medievalism."

4015:"Issue indivisibility" occurs when the two parties cannot avoid war by bargaining, because the thing over which they are fighting cannot be shared between them, but only owned entirely by one side or the other. " 3924:

Among prominent historical events that have been attributed to youth bulges are the role played by the historically large youth cohorts in the rebellion and revolution waves of early modern Europe, including the

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One-tenth of mobilised American men were hospitalised for mental disturbances between 1942 and 1945, and after thirty-five days of uninterrupted combat, 98% of them manifested psychiatric disturbances in varying

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At times, war aims were explicitly stated internally or externally in a policy decision, while at other times the war aims were merely discussed but not published, remaining instead in the form of memoranda or

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Welch distinguishes: "tangible goods such as arms, wealth, and – provided they are strategically or economically valuable – territory and resources" from "intangible goods such as credibility and reputation" –

2508:, or germ warfare, is the use of biological infectious agents or toxins such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi against people, plants, or animals. This can be conducted through sophisticated technologies, like 4160:, also known as the "scapegoat hypothesis", suggests the politically powerful may use war to as a diversion or to rally domestic popular support. This is supported by literature showing out-group hostility 2181:

forces and armed groups that are organized under a certain command structure and have the capacity to sustain military operations, or between such organized groups. It is generally characterized by extreme

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fiscal policy was of little consequence even as late as 1942, suggests an interesting twist on the usual view that World War II caused, or at least accelerated, the recovery from the Great Depression.

4036:, "Most instigators of conflict overrate their chances of success, while most participants underrate their chances of injury...." King asserts that "Most catastrophic military decisions are rooted in 2925:(WWII). That said, overall the number of casualties from war has not significantly increased in recent times. Quite to the contrary, on a global scale the time since WWII has been unusually peaceful. 2389:, says approximately 90–95% of known societies throughout history engaged in at least occasional warfare, and many fought constantly. Keeley describes several styles of primitive combat such as small 7550: 8306: 7536: 3916:

theory in its most generalized form, a youth bulge occurs when 30 to 40 percent of the males of a nation belong to the "fighting age" cohorts from 15 to 29 years of age. It will follow periods with

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held that, "War is often...a mass discharge of accumulated internal rage (where)...the inner fears of mankind are discharged in mass destruction." Other psychoanalysts such as E.F.M. Durban and

2595:, and may also be opposed by measures to protect the population, and by political and economic actions of various kinds aimed at undermining the insurgents' claims against the incumbent regime. 3417:. Since a high proportion of those killed were young men who had not yet fathered any children, population growth in the postwar Soviet Union was much lower than it otherwise would have been. 5751:"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013" 3700:

of the Malay peninsula. Bobbi S. Low has observed correlation between warfare and education, noting societies where warfare is commonplace encourage their children to be more aggressive.

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argues that what distinguishes the "Western way of war" based in Western Europe chiefly allows historians to explain its extraordinary success in conquering most of the world after 1500:

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strife. Let hatred, therefore, depart from among you; let your quarrels end. Enter upon the road to the Holy Sepulchre; wrest that land from a wicked race, and subject it to yourselves.

3282:, including about 6% in the North and approximately 18% in the South. The war remains the deadliest conflict in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 military personnel. 3692:

certain types of human societies. Montagu's argument is supported by ethnographic research conducted in societies where the concept of aggression seems to be entirely absent, e.g. the

8712: 4575: 4356:. Pauses in conflict can also be ill-advised, for reasons such as "delay of defeat" and the "weakening of credibility". Natural causes for a pause may include events such as the 2019 3332:

reported it conscripted 184,899 sailors, of whom 133,708 (72%) died of disease or were 'missing'. It is estimated that between 1985 and 1994, 378,000 people per year died due to war.

7568: 4254:. "Hitler ordered that Moscow and Leningrad were to be razed to the ground; their inhabitants were to be annihilated or driven out by starvation. These intentions were part of the ' 3966:

marching in formation, target practice, and creating small "artificial kinship groups: such as the company and the platoon, to enhance psychological cohesion and combat efficiency.

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with the United States since, even if "half of mankind died, the other half would remain while imperialism would be razed to the ground and the whole world would become socialist."

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years. While conventional wisdom holds that casualties have increased in recent times due to technological improvements in warfare, this is not generally true. For instance, the

6387: 3985:) operate under the assumption that states or international actors are rational, seek the best possible outcomes for themselves, and desire to avoid the costs of war. Under one 3018:, or as overlapping). Most of the others involved China or neighboring peoples. The death toll of World War II, being over 60 million, surpasses all other war-death-tolls. 2372:, which has been determined to be about 13,400 years old. About forty-five percent of the skeletons there displayed signs of violent death, specifically traumatic bone lesions. 2794:

War aims can change in the course of conflict and may eventually morph into "peace conditions" – the minimal conditions under which a state may cease to wage a particular war.

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By Peter M. Kappeler, Joan B. Silk, 2009, Chapter 8, "Intergroup Aggression in Primates and Humans; The Case for a Unified Theory", Margaret C. Crofoot and Richard W. Wrangham

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argued that war-related behaviors may have been naturally selected in the ancestral environment due to the benefits of victory. He also argued that in order to have credible

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This is one of the earliest expressions of what has come to be called the Malthusian theory of war, in which wars are caused by expanding populations and limited resources.

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Typically, war becomes intertwined with the economy and many wars are partially or entirely based on economic reasons. The common view among economic historians is that the

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Intangible war aims – like the accumulation of credibility or reputation – may have more tangible expression ("conquest restores prestige, annexation increases power").

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Peter Meyer. Social Evolution in Franz M. Wuketits and Christoph Antweiler (eds.) Handbook of Evolution The Evolution of Human Societies and Cultures Wiley-VCH Verlag

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argue that the motivation of states is the quest for security, and conflicts can arise from the inability to distinguish defense from offense, which is called the

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over resources; the other sees human warfare as a more ancient practice derived from common animal tendencies, such as territoriality and sexual competition.

7548: 5956: 8296: 4337: 8271: 5179: 4453: 8242: 4064:. The following subsections consider causes of war from system, societal, and individual levels of analysis. This kind of division was first proposed by 3653:

against other groups (as well as on an individual level), it was important to have a reputation for retaliation, causing humans to develop instincts for

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would be unable to fill the demand, producers must expand into non-capitalist markets to find consumers for their goods, hence driving imperialism.

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Estimates for total deaths due to war vary widely. In one estimate, primitive warfare from 50,000 to 3000 BCE has been thought to have claimed 400

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Three of the ten most costly wars, in terms of loss of life, have been waged in the last century. These are the two World Wars, followed by the

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War can be seen as a growth of economic competition in a competitive international system. In this view wars begin as a pursuit of markets for

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A distinctive feature of war since 1945 is that combat has largely been a matter of civil wars and insurgencies. The major exceptions were the

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The percentages of men killed in war in eight tribal societies, and Europe and the U.S. in the 20th century. (Lawrence H. Keeley, archeologist)

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Fried defines war aims as "the desired territorial, economic, military or other benefits expected following successful conclusion of a war".

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is a rebellion against authority, where irregular forces take up arms to change an existing political order. An insurgency can be fought via

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has also been analyzed as following a massive youth bulge. Youth bulge theory has been subjected to statistical analysis by the World Bank,

7231: 6071: 3592:. Such leaders most often come to power in times of crisis when the populace opts for a decisive leader, who then leads the nation to war. 3214: 7566: 7565:

Kröhnert, Steffen (2004): "Warum entstehen Kriege? Welchen Einfluss haben demografische Veränderungen auf die Entstehung von Konflikten?"

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involves the actions by a nation-state or international organization to attack and attempt to damage another nation's information systems.

8076: 7690: 7440: 6510: 4422:. And this brings us to Hobbes's final reason for quarrel. Thirdly, glory – though a more accurate word would be "honor"." 3410: 8649:

Söhne und Weltmacht: Terror im Aufstieg und Fall der Nationen [Sons and Imperial Power: Terror and the Rise and Fall of Nations]

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Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes Promulgated by His Holiness, Pope Paul VI on December 7, 1965

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theory of war is quasi-economic in that it states all modern wars are caused by competition for resources and markets between great (

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By the end of the war, 70% of European industrial infrastructure was destroyed. Property damage in the Soviet Union inflicted by the

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The term "armed conflict" is used instead of, or in addition to, the term "war" with the former being more general in scope. The

3569:. By this theory, the nation state preserves order in the local society while creating an outlet for aggression through warfare. 2971:

at up to 60 million. As concerns a belligerent's losses in proportion to its prewar population, the most destructive war in

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Most wars have resulted in significant loss of life, along with destruction of infrastructure and resources (which may lead to

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was the most financially costly conflict in history; its belligerents cumulatively spent about a trillion U.S. dollars on the

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War aims are the desired territorial, economic, military or other benefits expected following successful conclusion of a war.

5131: 4838: 4552: 3994:, optimal strategies can still be found that depend upon number of iterations played. In "Rationalist Explanations for War", 3974: 8977: 8944: 8843: 5901: 5663: 5548: 5500: 5455: 5372: 5333: 5289: 5246: 4885: 13936: 13926: 11546: 11512: 9253: 7476: 6745: 6471: 6437: 6225: 6016: 4144: 4106: 3982: 8376: 8019: 4605: 13921: 13774: 13764: 13348: 13258: 11405: 9900: 9851: 5934: 5489:. Schriften des Historischen Kollegs. Vol. 91. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH (published 2015). p. 118. 4374: 4028:

Within the rationalist tradition, some theorists have suggested that individuals engaged in war suffer a normal level of

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Lake, David A. (November 2010). "Two Cheers for Bargaining Theory: Assessing Rationalist Explanations of the Iraq War".

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The two theories are not mutually exclusive and may be used to explain disparate events according to the circumstance.

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There are many theories about the motivations for war, but no consensus about which are most common. Military theorist

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War usually results in significant deterioration of infrastructure and the ecosystem, a decrease in social spending,

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of 1789, and the effect of economic depression upon the largest German youth cohorts ever in explaining the rise of

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to the victorious nations. In certain cases, land is ceded to the victorious nations. For example, the territory of

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since 1775 have totaled over two million. Of the 60 million European military personnel who were mobilized in

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Levy, Jack S. (1989). Tetlock, Philip E.; Husbands, Jo L.; Jervis, Robert; Stern, Paul C.; Tilly, Charles (eds.).

4655:"New insights on interpersonal violence in the Late Pleistocene based on the Nile valley cemetery of Jebel Sahaba" 13982: 13841: 12274: 12125: 11622: 10347: 9243: 9060: 8829:

World heritage and war: linee guida per interventi a salvaguardia dei beni culturali nelle aree a rischio bellico

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Crevecoeur, Isabelle; Dias-Meirinho, Marie-Hélène; Zazzo, Antoine; Antoine, Daniel; Bon, François (27 May 2021).

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Gentlemen, when it comes time to formulate peace conditions, it is time to think of another thing than war aims.

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https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=27e7fdb7d9b671cdcf999f3aab15cca8be25b163

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that support the four critical infrastructures (the power grid, communications, financial, and transportation).

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Population Action International: "The Security Demographic: Population and Civil Conflict after the Cold War"

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probable when power is more equally distributed. This "power preponderance" hypothesis has empirical support.

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said, "Every age has its own kind of war, its own limiting conditions, and its own peculiar preconceptions."

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is the application of destructive force on a large scale against information assets and systems, against the

2153: 1600: 13603: 13413: 13408: 13102: 12140: 11773: 11439: 11149: 10405: 10006: 9957: 9379: 9248: 6967:"In an interview with Gilbert in Göring's jail cell during the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials (18 April 1946)" 3500: 2090: 794: 554: 6038: 4965: 14029: 13784: 13428: 13423: 13208: 11596: 11586: 11249: 11154: 10927: 10829: 10296: 10146: 9716: 9585: 9433: 8878: 7421: 6599: 5733:*The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368, 1994, p. 622, cited by White 5190: 4157: 3953: 3554: 2100: 1287: 1089: 960: 498: 9047: 8375:. Monograph. School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College. 3904:, and to a lesser extent in some countries in West Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Central America. 3633:

The latter school argues that since warlike behavior patterns are found in many primate species such as

13992: 13801: 13578: 12093: 11753: 11582: 11360: 11335: 9788: 9699: 9670: 7209: 3874: 3459: 2950: 2714: 2640: 2472: 2461: 2449: 2206: 1564: 156: 12410: 8228:

Ankony, Robert C., "Sociological and Criminological Theory: Brief of Theorists, Theories, and Terms",

4918: 4316:

Anti-war movements have existed for every major war in the 20th century, including, most prominently,

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was reduced by 15 to 40 percent. Civilians in war zones may also be subject to war atrocities such as

12457: 12400: 11985: 11606: 11576: 11000: 10508: 10385: 9846: 9836: 9814: 9682: 9628: 9486: 9443: 9108: 7258: 7227: 7155:

Johnson, Noel D.; Koyama, Mark (April 2017). "States and economic growth: Capacity and constraints".

6646:

Higgs, Robert (1 March 1992). "Wartime Prosperity? A Reassessment of the U.S. Economy in the 1940s".

6561: 6248: 4161: 3546: 2980: 2626: 1674: 1182: 531: 405: 259: 6766: 5403: 2475:

documented a significant decline in the number and severity of armed conflicts since the end of the

14034: 13794: 13298: 11505: 11283: 11174: 11129: 10889: 10772: 10163: 10136: 10116: 9998: 9890: 9878: 9873: 6860: 6593: 6406:"The Consequences of Contention: Understanding the Aftereffects of Political Conflict and Violence" 4198: 3550: 3405:

indicate around 60 million people died, 40 million of whom were civilians. Deaths in the

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Additionally, it has been estimated anywhere from 18% to 54% of Vietnam war veterans suffered from

3164: 3011: 2757:

Tangible war aims may involve (for example) the acquisition of territory (as in the German goal of

2125: 1992: 1539: 1232: 1050: 898: 110: 39: 35: 5232: 13967: 13779: 13557: 13278: 13198: 12615: 12204: 12115: 11420: 11106: 9590: 9359: 9265: 8626:

The Human Potential for Peace: An Anthropological Challenge to Assumptions about War and Violence

7998: 7515: 6063: 5737:

The Great Big Book of Horrible Things: The Definitive Chronicle of History's 100 Worst Atrocities

4348:

During a war, brief pauses of violence may be called for, and further agreed to –

4132: 4070: 3945:. Youth bulge theories have been criticized as leading to racial, gender and age discrimination. 3402: 3049: 2377: 2286: 2232:, others argue it is a result of specific socio-cultural, economic, or ecological circumstances. 2078: 2060: 1816: 1375: 1297: 1242: 840: 503: 13012: 7535:(2004): "The Devil in the Demographics: The Effect of Youth Bulges on Domestic Armed Conflict", 7223: 4514: 2733:

Entities contemplating going to war and entities considering whether to end a war may formulate

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as an evaluation/propaganda tool. War aims may stand as a proxy for national-military resolve.

2662: 1945: 1920: 1642: 1554: 1427: 1302: 903: 880: 326: 225: 12472: 9094: 8084: 7674: 7583:

Hendrixson, Anne: "Angry Young Men, Veiled Young Women: Constructing a New Population Threat"

6792: 6494: 4328:. In the 21st century, worldwide anti-war movements occurred in response to the United States 3861:(1766–1834) wrote that populations always increase until they are limited by war, disease, or 2963:

The deadliest war in history, in terms of the cumulative number of deaths since its start, is

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in the first half of the 20th century) or the recognition of economic concessions (as in the

2526:, and resulted in over a million estimated casualties, including more than 100,000 civilians. 1534: 1467: 1420: 1074: 1037: 1000: 918: 870: 754: 564: 372: 281: 122: 12575: 8914: 8609: 8608:

Fry, Douglas (2004). "Conclusion: Learning from Peaceful Societies". In Kemp, Graham (ed.).

7730: 7713: 7606: 7402:

Helgerson, John L. (2002): "The National Security Implications of Global Demographic Trends"

5990: 2489: 2201:

refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general.

13957: 13871: 13608: 13268: 13148: 12917: 12724: 12565: 12492: 12184: 12145: 12130: 11664: 11292: 11010: 10737: 10673: 10625: 10565: 10493: 10023: 9748: 9528: 9174: 9074: 9032: 8758: 8301: 8050: 4666: 4049: 3917: 3829:

Demographic theories can be grouped into two classes, Malthusian and youth bulge theories:

3735: 3585: 3375: 3356: 3312: 2914: 2666: 2622: 2576: 2560: 1925: 1827: 1684: 1679: 1497: 1462: 1197: 1017: 875: 811: 665: 635: 232: 31: 12739: 6422: 6405: 5678:

Gómez, José María et al (Summer 2016). "The phylogenetic roots of human lethal violence,"

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subject to combat in war often suffer mental and physical injuries, including depression,

8: 13881: 13876: 13739: 13458: 13338: 13308: 13228: 12754: 12694: 12015: 11935: 11562: 11498: 11467: 10902: 10859: 10754: 10540: 10530: 10478: 10380: 10370: 10320: 10291: 9665: 9286: 9281: 9169: 7403: 6375:, Alan McFarlane, The Savage Wars of Peace: England, Japan and the Malthusian Trap (2003) 4246: 4208: 4179: 3810: 3620: 3519: 3451: 3341: 3325: 3109: 2779:

Implicit war aims can take the form of minutes of discussion, memoranda and instructions.

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or civilians. For instance, of the nine million people who were on the territory of the

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Based on 1860 census figures, 8% of all white American males aged 13 to 43 died in the

3227: 2958: 2718: 2694: 2505: 2495: 2417: 2404: 2382: 2191: 2110: 1965: 1885: 1806: 1751: 1726: 1647: 1593: 1559: 1490: 1407: 1317: 1222: 1167: 1057: 1022: 975: 850: 821: 774: 712: 687: 521: 335: 254: 132: 101: 12902: 7584: 6404:

Davenport, Christian; Mokleiv Nygård, Håvard; Fjelde, Hanne; Armstrong, David (2019).

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An Interactive map of all the battles fought around the world in the last 4,000 years

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Wars, Internal Conflicts and Political Order: A Jewish Democracy in the Middle East

8435: 7990: 7926: 7844: 7832: 7725: 7639: 7203: 7164: 6655: 6625: 6532: 6417: 6338: 6330: 5770: 5762: 5704: 5228: 5090: 5074: 5033: 5017: 4690: 4674: 4183: 4114: 4091: 4021: 3934: 3882: 3747: 3731: 3606: 3493: 3443: 3387: 2968: 2762: 2670: 2648: 2606: 2572: 2542: 2534: 2519: 2515: 2509: 2347: 2120: 2085: 2017: 1910: 1848: 1741: 1669: 1662: 1519: 1452: 1402: 1392: 1267: 1187: 1147: 1132: 1099: 1084: 955: 940: 893: 801: 759: 702: 697: 655: 478: 455: 362: 291: 220: 203: 13042: 7858: 7341: 4273:

The just war theory was foundational in the creation of the United Nations and in

3553:

where a person transfers his or her grievances into bias and hatred against other

13826: 13821: 13816: 13734: 13495: 13168: 13087: 13047: 13017: 13002: 12967: 12962: 12932: 12907: 12892: 12867: 12852: 12787: 12764: 12749: 12734: 12719: 12590: 12545: 12530: 12520: 12342: 12337: 12194: 12189: 12169: 12157: 11415: 11410: 11081: 11076: 10995: 10975: 10804: 10725: 10710: 10656: 10615: 10483: 10221: 10153: 9947: 9463: 9401: 9391: 9364: 9329: 8961: 8928: 8875: 8827: 8518: 8270:. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. June 2011. 8249: 8205: 8199: 7811: 7792: 7768: 7590: 7572: 7554: 7521: 7460: 7447: 7428: 7409: 7206:

in European and American Thought, 1860–1945: Nature as Model and Nature as Threat

7138: 6613: 6568: 6391: 6372: 6255: 6209: 6125: 6013:"Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century" 5905: 5898: 5667: 5660: 5530: 5482: 5439: 5356: 5317: 5273: 5220: 4923: 4889: 4882: 4411: 4309: 4222: 4187: 4102: 4098: 3909: 3814: 3756: 3743: 3436: 3432: 3073: 2991: 2821: 2612: 2398: 2390: 2314: 1930: 1915: 1833: 1789: 1731: 1387: 1382: 1272: 1262: 1177: 1152: 1094: 935: 865: 855: 707: 692: 615: 587: 387: 367: 215: 8027: 6463: 6441: 6012: 90: 13623: 13485: 13393: 13383: 13112: 12987: 12972: 12947: 12942: 12937: 12882: 12857: 12812: 12792: 12654: 12625: 12600: 12555: 12535: 12497: 12452: 12332: 12322: 12179: 12010: 11823: 11556: 11532: 11390: 11365: 11231: 11159: 11056: 11015: 11005: 10980: 10917: 10874: 10742: 10683: 10678: 10651: 10580: 10555: 10498: 10354: 10254: 10013: 9821: 9555: 9374: 9324: 8513: 8369: 7376: 7287: 5708: 5531:"The Debate in the Reichstag on Internal Political Conditions, April 5–6, 1916" 5483:"'A Life and Death Question': Austro-Hungarian War Aims in the First World War" 5399: 4678: 4597: 4369: 4029: 3991: 3858: 3840:

see expanding population and scarce resources as a source of violent conflict.

3798: 3790: 3739: 3688: 3573: 3395: 2976: 2972: 2811: 2616: 2564: 2352: 2174: 2105: 1853: 1277: 1237: 1215: 1202: 1192: 1162: 1079: 1032: 835: 826: 717: 670: 650: 640: 610: 577: 465: 422: 377: 249: 182: 61: 7643: 7168: 6659: 6629: 6587:

said, "One could not have had a better demonstration of the Keynesian ideas."

5930: 4056:. More recent databases of wars and armed conflict have been assembled by the 3998:

examined three rationalist explanations for why some countries engage in war:

14018: 13418: 13248: 13158: 13107: 13077: 13067: 12997: 12992: 12982: 12842: 12832: 12822: 12797: 12664: 12642: 12560: 12467: 12440: 12425: 12367: 12050: 11612: 11370: 11139: 10849: 10814: 10700: 10693: 10661: 10610: 10585: 10560: 10342: 10308: 10214: 10077: 10050: 10031: 9743: 9550: 9386: 9226: 9199: 8804: 8796: 7181: 7066: 6667: 6589: 6365: 6118: 6093: 5086: 5029: 5021: 4686: 4479:"HOW IS THE TERM "ARMED CONFLICT" DEFINED IN INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW?" 4443:"How is the Term "Armed Conflict" Defined in International Humanitarian Law?" 4303:

Religious groups have long formally opposed or sought to limit war as in the

4289: 4227: 4110: 4065: 3845: 3841: 3646: 3577: 3534: 3531: 3065: 2214: 1952: 1940: 1796: 1716: 1632: 1615: 1472: 1327: 1307: 990: 985: 965: 945: 860: 831: 806: 682: 660: 645: 620: 460: 382: 345: 340: 237: 46: 11477: 7994: 6195:

On Killing – The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War & Society

5630: 5574: 2983:). In 2013 war resulted in 31,000 deaths, down from 72,000 deaths in 1990. 14024: 13886: 13806: 13759: 13398: 13082: 13072: 13062: 12927: 12922: 12862: 12837: 12807: 12802: 12709: 12704: 12550: 12430: 12164: 12100: 11970: 11960: 11955: 11874: 11864: 11808: 11698: 11552: 11456: 11199: 11071: 11046: 10749: 10668: 10243: 10111: 10101: 10062: 10038: 9783: 9508: 9406: 8999: 8476:

How Much War in History: Definitions, Estimates, Extrapolations, and Trends

7950: 7532: 7439:

Heinsohn, G. (2005): "Population, Conquest and Terror in the 21st Century"

6966: 6788: 6583:

Referring to the effect of World War II spending on the economy, economist

6352: 5784: 5537:. Hoover War Library publications. Stanford University Press. p. 233. 5104: 5078: 5047: 4704: 4321: 4266: 4233: 3995: 3786: 3725: 3697: 3669: 3589: 3496:

of the 1930s ended as nations increased their production of war materials.

3485: 3479: 3447: 3406: 3391: 3298: 3129: 3125: 3045: 3015: 2964: 2922: 2582: 2550: 2529: 2369: 2229: 2187: 2139: 2065: 2045: 2040: 1935: 1880: 1514: 1509: 1332: 1247: 995: 729: 630: 427: 331: 13526: 9090: 9079: 6794:

Who Benefits from Global Violence and War: Uncovering a Destructive System

4786: 3319:

than were killed by the Russians. Of the 450,000 soldiers who crossed the

2990:, large-scale emigration from the war zone, and often the mistreatment of 2401:

were not a cost-effective way to protect the society against enemy raids.

13972: 13851: 13831: 13744: 13729: 13644: 13097: 13092: 13027: 13022: 12872: 12744: 12699: 12689: 12482: 12477: 12415: 12352: 12135: 12110: 12035: 11995: 11965: 11940: 11920: 11899: 11879: 11859: 11849: 11818: 11683: 11375: 11051: 10834: 10640: 10570: 10271: 10018: 9738: 9533: 9476: 9411: 9396: 9319: 8753: 8140: 8136: 7836: 6723: 5916:

Ping-ti Ho, "An Estimate of the Total Population of Sung-Chin China", in

5605:"Mortality and Burden of Disease Estimates for WHO Member States in 2004" 4722: 4325: 4317: 4053: 3986: 3913: 3802: 3778: 3627: 3542: 3538: 3455: 3439:

has been traded between France and Germany on three different occasions.

3320: 3287: 3144: 2918: 2636: 2523: 2499: 2427: 2245: 2225: 2050: 1801: 1766: 1605: 1292: 1257: 970: 913: 816: 600: 321: 316: 7054:

The Origin of War: Evolution of a Male-Coalitional Reproductive Strategy

70: 13856: 13480: 13288: 13188: 13037: 12957: 12729: 12620: 12462: 12405: 12382: 12347: 12296: 12286: 12254: 12199: 12025: 12005: 11930: 11894: 11798: 11783: 11708: 11633: 11091: 10907: 10332: 9773: 9648: 9643: 7651: 5526: 4037: 3782: 3489: 3371: 3329: 3000: 2758: 2698: 2690: 2674: 2656: 2588: 2445: 2423: 2365: 2261: 2178: 2007: 1977: 1699: 1068: 11385: 8686:

The Evolution of Strategy: Thinking War from Antiquity to the Present

8566: 8329: 6403: 5683: 4629:"Earliest known war was a repeated conflict in Sudan 13,400 years ago" 4032:, but are still "as rational as you and me". According to philosopher 3900:

by country. War reduces life expectancy. A youth bulge is evident for

3657:

as well as for protecting a group's (or an individual's) reputation ("

3293: 2433: 13962: 13717: 13178: 13117: 12674: 12317: 12244: 12229: 12150: 12070: 12065: 11990: 11945: 11925: 11904: 11889: 11869: 11854: 11718: 11678: 11061: 11034: 10525: 10463: 10180: 9969: 9883: 9868: 9706: 9540: 9498: 9309: 8911:

The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare: The Triumph of the West

7781: 7312:"In Mali, waning fortunes of Fulani herders play into Islamist hands" 7189: 6334: 6211:

Toward a Social History of the American Civil War: Exploratory Essays

5749:

Murray, Christopher JL; Vos, Theo; Lopez, Alan D (17 December 2014).

5225:

Who Wins?: Predicting Strategic Success and Failure in Armed Conflict

5123: 4349: 4251: 4033: 3848:, advocating Crusade as a solution to European overpopulation, said: 3180: 2967:, from 1939 to 1945, with 70–85 million deaths, followed by the 2686: 2665:

can be defined as "military and quasi-military operations other than

2659:

requiring significant sacrifices by the friendly civilian population.

2632: 2554: 2546: 2409: 2305: 2202: 1997: 1821: 1771: 1721: 1711: 1706: 1571: 1362: 1357: 1322: 764: 450: 417: 306: 8866: 8775:

Useful Enemies: When Waging Wars Is More Important Than Winning Them

8708:

Globalization and Violence, Vol. 3: Globalizing War and Intervention

8558:

Warlike and Peaceful Societies: The Interaction of Genes and Culture

7630:

Fearon, James D. (Summer 1995). "Rationalist Explanations for War".

7031:

Warrior Ants: The Enduring Threat of the Small War and the Land-mine

6787: 5487:

The Purpose of the First World War: War Aims and Military Strategies

4571:

Globalization and Violence, Vol. 3: Globalizing War and Intervention

3394:

by 3.3%. Additionally, about 1.8% of the population loses access to

2518:

involves the use of weaponized chemicals in combat. Poison gas as a

2317: 13769: 13707: 13686: 13453: 13032: 12769: 12362: 12327: 12301: 12281: 12234: 12045: 12000: 11884: 11788: 11778: 11743: 11713: 11380: 11041: 10595: 10443: 9981: 9758: 9689: 9481: 9334: 9292: 9149: 9131: 9100: 8732: 8706: 8393:

Laura Wise; Sanja Badanjak; Christine Bell; Fiona Knäussel (2021).

7512:

Kriege der Zukunft: Die Bevölkerungsexplosion gefährdet den Frieden

4785:

Martin, Debra L.; Harrod, Ryan P.; Pérez, Ventura R., eds. (2012).

4652: 4569: 4333: 4215: 3717: 3713: 3566: 3558: 3431:

Once a war has ended, losing nations are sometimes required to pay

3383: 3368: 2682: 2602: 2476: 2457: 2438: 2394: 2194: 2183: 2012: 1987: 1620: 1252: 1227: 845: 400: 274: 8168: 8107: 6298:

Johnson's England: An Account of the Life & Manners of His Age

3003:

by some or all parties in the conflict, and increased revenues by

2917:(1618–1648) had about the same number of casualties per capita as 13490: 13403: 12291: 12259: 12249: 12020: 11980: 11813: 11738: 11723: 11703: 10792: 10782: 10600: 10545: 10238: 10201: 10124: 10106: 10089: 10072: 9723: 9677: 9518: 9491: 9344: 9339: 9314: 9184: 8395:"Pandemic Pauses: Understanding Ceasefires in a Time of Covid-19" 8330:"Humanitarian Coordination: Lessons from Recent Field Experience" 3774: 3693: 3654: 2722: 2022: 1982: 1746: 1580: 1576: 923: 908: 784: 445: 440: 410: 349: 311: 7497:

Moller, Herbert (1968): 'Youth as a Force in the Modern World',

6722:. Victorville, California: Victor Valley College. Archived from 5887:

The Savage Wars of Peace: England, Japan and the Malthusian Trap

3672:

city-states over resources may have contributed to the eventual

2255: 2249: 13861: 13749: 12239: 12040: 11828: 11803: 11793: 11763: 11748: 11096: 11025: 10844: 10799: 10453: 10438: 9930: 9570: 9453: 9194: 9189: 8926: 7976:"Prospect Theory, Rational Choice, and International Relations" 5514:

off hostile Romanian, Italian, and even Bulgarian intervention.

3930: 3862: 3562: 3504:

40,000 hospitals, 84,000 schools, and 43,000 public libraries.

3475: 3364: 3316: 3315:'s retreat from Moscow, more French military personnel died of 2987: 2644: 2502:

of drastically different levels of military capability or size.

2264: 1529: 930: 747: 483: 81: 8963:

The Most Dangerous Animal: Human Nature and the Origins of War

8860:

A Peaceful Realm: The Rise and Fall of the Indus Civilization.

6039:"World War I - Killed, wounded, and missing | Britannica" 5695:

Eckhardt, William (1991). "War-related deaths since 3000 BC".

4218:

of war has been the subject of debate for thousands of years.

3470: 2619:

are the primary, or a major, method of achieving capitulation.

13836: 13593: 12269: 11758: 11693: 11355: 10854: 10395: 10390: 9728: 9653: 8593:. Translated by Pfeifer, Alenka. NY: Doubleday Anchor Press. 6691:

Russia's First World War : A Social and Economic History

4221:

The two principal aspects of ethics in war, according to the

4097:

Within the realist school as represented by scholars such as

3878: 3658: 2678: 1005: 541: 536: 45:"Conflict zone" redirects here. For the 2001 video game, see 8191: 8024:

Just War Theory and the Recent U.S. Air Strikes Against Iraq

4074:

and has been often used by political scientists since then.

2790:"Negative war aims" forestall or prevent undesired outcomes. 13613: 12264: 11688: 9841: 9304: 9299: 8801:

Century of War: Politics, Conflicts, and Society since 1914

5441:

Austro-Hungarian War Aims in the Balkans During World War I

5358:

Austro-Hungarian War Aims in the Balkans During World War I

5275:

Austro-Hungarian War Aims in the Balkans During World War I

3870: 3738:

by economic historians and development economists studying

301: 296: 30:"Warring" and "Warfare" redirect here. For other uses, see 8734:

Globalization and Violence, Vol. 4: Transnational Conflict

7947:"Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy (p. 19)" 2228:

scholars consider war a universal and ancestral aspect of

11728: 8370:"The Use of Pauses in Coercion: An Examination in Theory" 7342:"How Climate Change Is Spurring Land Conflict in Nigeria" 4129:

is not actually a major factor in the occurrence of wars.

3638: 3355:

depict the destruction unleashed on civilians during the

2776:

Explicit war aims may involve published policy decisions.

8959: 8487:

Peace against War: The Ecology of International Violence

4815:

War Before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage

8930:

Resort to arms: international and civil wars, 1816–1980

8432:"When a Virus Strikes, Can the World Pause Its Wars? –" 7087: 3813:

is only possible if there is a corresponding growth in

11490: 9011:

War and Peace and War: Life Cycles of Imperial Nations

8906:. College Station TX: Texas A&M University Press. 8026:. Gonzaga Journal of International Law. Archived from 6846:"The Causes of War: A Review of Theories and Evidence" 6316: 6192: 4899: 4125:

are destabilizing." However, evidence has shown power

3781:) powers, claiming these wars are a natural result of 8049:

Lazar, Seth (21 March 2020). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).

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Mind the Gap: Tracing the Origins of Human Universals

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Commanding Heights, see chapter 6 video or transcript

3668:

Increasing population and constant warfare among the

8297:"Why humanitarians wary of "humanitarian corridors"" 7939: 6496:

Rulers And Victims: The Russians in the Soviet Union

6188: 6186: 2289: 7224:"The Marxist Theory of Imperialism and its Critics" 3805:was the result of capitalist countries needing new 2816: 2635:is warfare by any means possible, disregarding the 8586: 8500:. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. 8484: 7462:Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World 7071:The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature 7056:. Origin Press, Groningen, 1995 chapters 1 & 2 6274: 5444:. Palgrave Macmillan (published 2014). p. 4. 5361:. Palgrave Macmillan (published 2014). p. 4. 5278:. Palgrave Macmillan (published 2014). p. 4. 5180:"Unconventional Warfare: A Historical Perspective" 5120:Handbook of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents 4721:. Brneurosci.org. 4 September 2006. Archived from 4488:. ICRC. April 2024. pp. 13–14. Archived from 2279: 8913:(Cambridge University Press, 1995, revised 2008) 8825: 8696:Societies at Peace: Anthropological Perspectives. 7744:Chris Cramer, 'Civil War is Not a Stupid Thing', 7679:(3rd ed.). 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War has also been linked to 3253:compulsive states, and character disorders. 2828:for war per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004 2787:"Positive war aims" cover tangible outcomes. 2625:is any form of warfare involving deliberate 2323: 2270: 2205:is warfare that is not restricted to purely 13556: 12091: 8865:Metz, Steven and Cuccia, Philip R. (2011). 8820:Causes of War. The Struggle for Recognition 8727: 8162: 8160: 7605:(Cambridge University Press 1995) pp 2–11, 6834:, 9 February 1946, Volume 95, Number 32158. 6555: 6499:. Harvard University Press. pp. 242–. 5876: 5227:. Oxford University Press, US. p. 17. 4963:Hewitt, Joseph, J. Wilkenfield and T. Gurr 4883:World War One – A New Kind of War | Part II 4752:. Archived from the original on 6 July 2006 4545:The Use of Force in International Relations 13549: 13535: 11656: 11642: 11513: 11499: 9123: 9109: 8927:Small, Melvin; Singer, Joel David (1982). 8008: 7499:Comparative Studies in Society and History 7420:Heinsohn, G. 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This aggressiveness is fueled by 2154: 2140: 13614:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 8565: 8547:Codevilla, Angelo; Seabury, Paul (2006). 8264:Glossary of Terms: Pauses During Conflict 8198:Codevilla, Angelo; Seabury, Paul (1989). 7967: 7930: 7877: 7729: 7145:, The University of Michigan Press, p. 22 6577: 6421: 6342: 5774: 5233:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199878338.003.0003 5094: 5037: 5003: 4694: 3507: 3266:, Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau, Annette Becker 2498:is the methods used in conflicts between 11663: 10946:List of military strategies and concepts 9018:The Art of War: War and Military Thought 8992:Sponsel, Leslie; Gregor, Thomas (1994). 8783:Warless Societies and the Origin of War, 8645: 8464: 8157: 7028: 6269:The Historical Impact of Epidemic Typhus 5983:"Taiping Rebellion – Britannica Concise" 5694: 5218: 4743: 4486:International Committee of the Red Cross 4450:International Committee of the Red Cross 4395:International Committee of the Red Cross 4288: 4284: 4245: 4197: 3892: 3707: 3663: 3469: 3345: 3292: 3284:United States military casualties of war 3222: 2820: 2801: 2713: 2432: 2351: 1118:List of military strategies and concepts 13619:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 13239:Reflections on the Revolution in France 8584: 8504: 8430:Drexler, Madeline (10 September 2021). 8429: 8175:. 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The 1994 3867:herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria 3492:(as adjusted to 1940 prices). The 3264:14–18: Understanding the Great War 25: 14056: 13988:International political sociology 9041: 9020:London: Cassell, Wellington House 8960:Smith, David Livingstone (2009). 8662:from the original on 4 March 2016 8442:from the original on 6 March 2022 8349:from the original on 6 March 2022 8309:from the original on 6 March 2022 8277:from the original on 6 March 2022 8204:. 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In Lutz, Ralph Haswell (ed.). 5153:Federation of American Scientist 3881:region have been exacerbated by 3352:Les Grandes Misères de la guerre 2921:, although it was higher during 2817:Military and civilian casualties 192: 109: 100: 89: 80: 69: 60: 13983:International political economy 12126:Family as a model for the state 11623:List of ongoing armed conflicts 8529:. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. 8457: 7983:International Studies Quarterly 7932:10.1146/annurev.polisci.1.1.139 7617:Parker, :Introduction: pp 2, 3. 7510:Diessenbacher, Hartmut (1994): 7059: 7046: 6981: 6959: 6946: 6933: 6924: 6919:Personal Aggressiveness and War 6911: 6878: 6837: 6823: 6781: 6755: 6738: 6707: 6682: 6648:The Journal of Economic History 6639: 6606: 6525: 6486: 6456: 6430: 6397: 6378: 6359: 6310: 6290: 6262: 6240: 6201: 6193:Lt. Col. Dave Grossman (1996). 6157: 6152: 6137: 6131: 6112: 6086: 6056: 6005: 5975: 5949: 5923: 5910: 5861: 5849: 5836: 5821: 5806: 5791: 5727: 5688: 5672: 5653: 5623: 5597: 5573:Roser, Max (15 November 2017). 5566: 5519: 5485:. In Afflerbach, Holger (ed.). 5474: 5430: 5391: 5348: 5307: 5265: 5212: 5140: 5111: 5054: 5004:Guillemin, Jeanne (July 2006). 4997: 4972: 4957: 4943: 4911: 4859: 4833:. Pearson Longman. p. 22. 4820: 4778: 4737: 4711: 4627:Charles, Krista (27 May 2021). 4338:opposing the War in Afghanistan 4077: 3981:or framework. Rationalism (and 3939:Population Action International 3769:Marxist explanations of warfare 3753:Presidents of the United States 3614: 3465: 3335: 2285:, ultimately deriving from the 13476:Separation of church and state 13374:Collectivism and individualism 13329:The Origins of Totalitarianism 8338:Overseas Development Institute 8108:"The Jus Ad Bellum Convention" 7107:The Nature of Human Aggression 6366:The Thirty Years War (1618–48) 6214:. Cambridge University Press. 5319:Justice and the Genesis of War 4788:The Bioarchaeology of Violence 4646: 4620: 4590: 4537: 4507: 4471: 4435: 4387: 4084:international relations theory 4060:Project, Peter Brecke and the 4005:Incentives to misrepresent or 3979:international relations theory 3969: 3888: 3824: 3514:International relations theory 3234:, disease, injury, and death. 2244:derives from the 11th-century 13: 1: 13516:Category:Political philosophy 13389:Critique of political economy 9006:. Cambridge University Press. 8909:Parker, Geoffrey, ed. (2008) 8815:. Cambridge University Press. 8785:University of Michigan Press. 8737:. London: Sage Publications. 8711:. London: Sage Publications. 8705:; Friedman, Jonathan (2006). 8532:Clausewitz, Carl Von (1976). 8491:. San Francisco: W.H.Freeman. 7141:, Bobbi S. Low, published in 6884:Clausewitz, Carl Von (1976), 6493:Hosking, Geoffrey A. (2006). 6167:. Spartacus-Educational.com. 5767:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2 5607:. World Health Organization. 4952:Small Wars & Insurgencies 4574:. London: Sage Publications. 4568:; Friedman, Jonathan (2006). 4429: 4117:, two main sub-theories are: 4062:Uppsala Conflict Data Program 3832: 3703: 3541:have argued human beings are 3302: 3273:posttraumatic stress disorder 3232:posttraumatic stress disorder 2826:Disability-adjusted life year 2740: 2304:. The word is related to the 126: 13951:Related fields and subfields 13414:Institutional discrimination 13409:History of political thought 12141:Negative and positive rights 9097:travel guide from Wikivoyage 8551:(2 ed.). Potomac Books. 8536:, Princeton University Press 8368:Nemeth, Maj Lisa A. (2009). 8141:Michael Richard Daniell Foot 7974:Levy, Jack S. (March 1997). 7771:, accessed 16 December 2014. 7186:Fascism: Fascism and Culture 5858:. p. 153, Asa Kasher (2007) 5846:, Basic Books, 2010, p. 250. 5067:Emerging Infectious Diseases 4082:There are several different 3367:, disease, and death in the 3301:killed and scalped by Sioux 2522:was principally used during 2235: 2209:, and can result in massive 2173:between the armed forces of 7: 13424:Justification for the state 13209:Two Treatises of Government 10928:Operational manoeuvre group 8879:Strategic Studies Institute 8862:Oxford, UK: Westview Press. 8811:Lebow, Richard Ned (2008). 8635:. Oxford University Press. 7913:Levy, Jack S. (June 1998). 7184:and Matthew Feldman, eds., 6750:World War II Resource Guide 6618:Journal of Economic History 5697:Bulletin of Peace Proposals 5404:"Churchill by Paul Addison" 5221:"War Aims and War Outcomes" 5219:Sullivan, Patricia (2012). 4969:, Paradigm Publishers, 2007 4602:Online Etymology Dictionary 4363: 3948: 3877:and other countries in the 3844:in 1095, on the eve of the 3420: 2641:legitimate military targets 2207:legitimate military targets 1611:Military–industrial complex 1090:Operational manoeuvre group 10: 14061: 13993:Peace and conflict studies 13609:Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) 12094:Bellum omnium contra omnes 11361:Peace and conflict studies 11250:Infantry fighting vehicles 9789:Front; Russian land forces 8921:North American Archaeology 8919:Pauketat, Timothy (2005). 8826:Maniscalco, Fabio (2007). 8818:Lindemann, Thomas (2010). 8781:Kelly, Raymond C. (2000). 8769:, Oxford University Press. 8655:(in German). Orell Füssl. 8642:. Oxford University Press. 8628:. Oxford University Press. 8539:Codevilla, Angelo (2005). 8505:Blainey, Geoffrey (1973). 7632:International Organization 7459:Jack A. Goldstone (1993). 7259:W. W. Norton & Company 7210:Cambridge University Press 7029:Anderson, Kenneth (1996). 6394:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 6296:A. S. Turberville (2006). 5830:Humanizing the Laws of War 5709:10.1177/096701069102200410 4679:10.1038/s41598-021-89386-y 4296: 3766: 3762: 3723: 3645:Psychologist and linguist 3618: 3572:The Italian psychoanalyst 3511: 3460:Russian Revolution of 1917 3424: 3339: 2955:Outline of war § Wars 2951:List of wars by death toll 2948: 2945:Largest wars by death toll 2809: 2797: 2753:Tangible/intangible aims: 2673:forces or actions such as 2487: 2473:Human Security Report 2005 2450:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 2345: 2341: 157:Atomic bombing of Nagasaki 44: 29: 13950: 13902: 13700: 13657: 13632: 13586: 13577: 13564: 13511: 13361: 13130: 12778: 12511: 12391: 12310: 12222: 12213: 12079: 11913: 11842: 11671: 11528: 11488: 11483:Links to related articles 11448: 11416:International cooperation 11348: 11323: 11190: 11183: 11105: 11024: 10936: 10888: 10763: 10639: 10424: 10386:Combat information center 10363: 10284: 10194: 9923: 9916: 9847:Infantry fighting vehicle 9797: 9629:Unified combatant command 9599: 9462: 9274: 9142: 9080:Resources in your library 8996:Lynne Rienner Publishing. 8902:Otterbein, Keith (2004). 8895:Montagu, Ashley (1978). 8765:Keeley, Lawrence (1996). 8684:Heuser, Beatrice. (2010) 8674:Heuser, Beatrice. (2022) 8646:Heinsohn, Gunnar (2003). 8640:War in Human Civilization 8589:The Psychoanalysis of War 8498:Meanings of War and Peace 8496:Beer, Francis A. (2001). 8483:Beer, Francis A. (1981). 8474:Beer, Francis A. (1974). 7673:Geoffrey Blainey (1988). 7644:10.1017/s0020818300033324 7228:Marxists Internet Archive 7169:10.1016/j.eeh.2016.11.002 7109:(Oxford University Press) 6660:10.1017/S0022050700010251 6630:10.1017/S002205070001189X 6438:"World War II Fatalities" 6197:. Little, Brown & Co. 4827:W. D. Rubinstein (2004). 4770:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4343: 4193: 3817:. Since the workers in a 3446:ended with the advent of 2981:Paraguayan War casualties 2651:resulting in significant 2360:The earliest evidence of 1675:Loss-of-strength gradient 532:Combat information center 13299:The Revolt of the Masses 11331:Lists of wars by country 10773:List of military tactics 9891:Self-propelled artillery 9779:Special units by nation: 9222:Protocols and structure: 9030:Walzer, Michael (1977). 8858:McIntosh, Jane (2002). 8822:. Colchester, ECPR Press 8777:. Yale University Press. 8585:Fornari, Franco (1974). 8560:. Open Book Publishers. 8543:. Rowman and Littlefield 8402:politicalsettlements.org 8018:DeForrest, Mark Edward. 7810:22 February 2016 at the 7791:22 February 2016 at the 7767:22 February 2016 at the 7571:4 September 2018 at the 7253:Safire, William (2004). 7105:Montagu, Ashley (1976), 6598:(TV documentary). U.S.: 6371:20 December 2017 at the 6246:Kitchen, Martin (2000), 6208:Maris Vinovskis (1990). 6124:20 December 2017 at the 6094:"Timur Lenk (1369–1405)" 5904:20 December 2017 at the 5828:Baxter, Richard (2013). 5815:The pursuit of happiness 5316:Welch, David A. (1995). 5178:Nagao, Yuichiro (2001). 5118:D. Hank Ellison (2007). 5022:10.1038/sj.embor.7400689 4888:27 February 2018 at the 4744:Spengler (4 July 2006). 4543:Šmihula, Daniel (2013): 4380: 3165:Second Sino-Japanese War 3012:Second Sino-Japanese War 2783:Positive/negative aims: 2772:Explicit/implicit aims: 2322:, and the modern German 1993:Military science fiction 1478:Technology and equipment 899:List of military tactics 143:Industrial age warfare: 119:Clockwise from top-left: 40:Warfare (disambiguation) 36:Warring (disambiguation) 13968:Foreign policy analysis 13780:International community 13558:International relations 13279:The Communist Manifesto 12205:Tyranny of the majority 12116:Consent of the governed 11520: 11428:International relations 11421:Crimes against humanity 10068:Other infantry weapons: 9784:Battle Fleet; U.S. Navy 9355:Functional specialties: 9023:Wade, Nicholas (2006). 8923:. Blackwell Publishing. 8897:Learning Nonaggression. 8767:War Before Civilization 7995:10.1111/0020-8833.00034 7712:Powell, Robert (2002). 7553:10 October 2017 at the 7520:10 October 2017 at the 7408:10 October 2017 at the 7137:16 October 2015 at the 6954:War and the Human Race. 6689:Gatrell, Peter (2014). 6573:Encyclopædia Britannica 6537:Encyclopædia Britannica 6119:Matthew White's website 5735:*Matthew White (2011). 4966:Peace and Conflict 2008 4330:invasion of Afghanistan 4133:Power transition theory 4086:schools. Supporters of 4071:Man, the State, and War 3885:and population growth. 3403:World War II casualties 3112:(death toll uncertain) 3050:World War II casualties 2709: 2639:, placing no limits on 2378:War Before Civilization 2318: 2309: 2291: 2281: 2265: 2256: 2250: 2061:Wartime sexual violence 1817:Full-spectrum dominance 1628:Supply-chain management 12156: 12106:Clash of civilizations 12092: 11396:Conscientious objector 9504:Special reconnaissance 9244:Awards and decorations 8631:Fry, Douglas (2009). 8616:. Routledge. pp. 8478:. Beverly Hills: Sage. 8465:Barzilai, Gad (1996). 8077:"Part II, Question 40" 7949:. 2001. Archived from 7825:International Security 6897:| A. M. Meerloo, M.D. 6585:John Kenneth Galbraith 5959:. 1987. Archived from 5079:10.3201/eid0809.010536 5061:Wheelis, Mark (2002). 4305:Second Vatican Council 4294: 4262: 4211: 4002:Issue indivisibilities 3963: 3905: 3855: 3721: 3681: 3612: 3508:Theories of motivation 3482: 3360: 3308: 3269: 3250: 3149:World War I casualties 2909: 2807: 2730: 2725:insurgents during the 2663:Unconventional warfare 2462:Eritrean–Ethiopian War 2441: 2387:University of Illinois 2357: 2324: 2271: 1973:Awards and decorations 1946:Peace through strength 1921:Low-intensity conflict 1555:Conscientious objector 1428:Area of responsibility 137:Early modern warfare: 27:Intense armed conflict 12121:Divine right of kings 10416:Torpedo Data Computer 10406:Ship gun fire-control 9016:Van Creveld, Martin. 8933:. Sage Publications. 8883:U.S. Army War College 8803:. New York, NY: 8731:; Sharma, RR (2006). 8624:Fry, Douglas (2005). 8509:. Simon and Schuster. 8248:11 April 2011 at the 8004:on 24 September 2015. 7282:Waugh, David (2000). 6859:: 295. Archived from 5798:Tanton, John (2002). 5666:14 April 2013 at the 5149:"Information Warfare" 4954:27.2 (2016): 325–344. 4927:. 20 September 1976. 4867:Guns, Germs and Steel 4354:humanitarian corridor 4292: 4285:Limiting and stopping 4249: 4204:The Apotheosis of War 4201: 4017:Information asymmetry 4007:information asymmetry 3958: 3918:total fertility rates 3896: 3850: 3785:. Marxist economists 3711: 3685:by their neighbors". 3667: 3637:, as well as in many 3594: 3473: 3427:Military Keynesianism 3349: 3296: 3255: 3236: 3223:On military personnel 3005:weapons manufacturers 2824: 2805: 2717: 2436: 2385:, a professor at the 2355: 565:Torpedo data computer 555:Ship gun fire-control 123:Stele of the Vultures 13958:Comparative politics 13269:Democracy in America 12648:political philosophy 12631:political philosophy 12446:political philosophy 12275:political philosophy 12185:Separation of powers 12146:Night-watchman state 12131:Monopoly on violence 11665:Political philosophy 11277:Specific modern wars 11225:Vehicles and weapons 11150:Military occupations 9749:Carrier strike group 9033:Just and Unjust Wars 9027:, New York: Penguin. 9009:Turchin, P. (2005). 9004:The Direction of War 8874:30 July 2022 at the 8792:New York: Routledge. 8773:Keen, David (2012). 8759:A History of Warfare 8541:No Victory, No Peace 8525:Chagnon, N. (1983). 8302:The New Humanitarian 8167:Moseley, Alexander. 8081:The Summa Theologica 7837:10.1162/isec_a_00029 7318:. 20 November 2016. 6899:The Rape of the Mind 6866:on 22 September 2013 6390:23 July 2013 at the 5870:Arming the Periphery 5813:Moore, John (1992). 5402:(13 February 2005). 5126:. pp. 567–570. 4813:Keeley, Lawrence H: 4519:Cambridge Dictionary 4358:coronavirus pandemic 4050:Lewis Fry Richardson 3736:economic development 3297:The remains of dead 3215:Foreign Intervention 2906: more than 8800 2667:conventional warfare 2623:Radiological warfare 2615:is warfare in which 2577:radiological weapons 2561:Conventional warfare 2091:Military occupations 1926:Military engineering 1828:Unrestricted Warfare 1685:Force multiplication 583:Military manoeuvrers 32:War (disambiguation) 13740:Collective security 13624:United Nations (UN) 13459:Right-wing politics 13339:A Theory of Justice 13309:The Road to Serfdom 13229:The Social Contract 11936:Christian democracy 11440:Peace organizations 10903:Operations research 10381:Director (military) 10371:Fire-control system 9282:Command and control 8556:Fog, Agner (2017). 8549:War: Ends and Means 8201:War: Ends and Means 8106:Mosley, Alexander. 8087:on 12 February 2002 7589:30 May 2010 at the 7446:13 May 2016 at the 7427:12 May 2016 at the 7380:. 23 January 2019. 7122:. London: Routledge 7003:The Daily Telegraph 6744:Coleman, P. (1999) 6614:Romer, Christina D. 6539:(Online ed.). 6271:. Joseph M. Conlon. 6259:, New York: Longman 6254:12 May 2008 at the 6165:"Russian Civil War" 6096:. Users.erols.com. 6015:. Users.erols.com. 5993:on 15 December 2007 5933:. Users.erols.com. 5868:Chew, Emry (2012). 5800:The Social Contract 5191:Ministry of Defense 4830:Genocide: A History 4725:on 21 November 2010 4671:2021NatSR..11.9991C 4209:Vasily Vereshchagin 4180:bounded rationality 4158:Diversionary theory 4011:Commitment problems 3838:Malthusian theories 3811:means of production 3809:. Expansion of the 3716:on fire during the 3621:Prehistoric warfare 3520:Carl von Clausewitz 3452:Franco-Prussian War 3342:Civilian casualties 3110:An Lushan Rebellion 2840: less than 100 2653:civilian casualties 2599:Information warfare 2466:Russo-Ukrainian War 2393:, large raids, and 2362:prehistoric warfare 1777:Penal military unit 1762:Rules of engagement 1438:Command and control 1063:Operations research 527:Director (military) 517:Fire-control system 287:Command and control 168:Part of a series on 145:Battle of the Somme 139:Retreat from Moscow 14030:Dispute resolution 13471:Political violence 13466:Political theology 13449:Left-wing politics 13444:Political spectrum 10898:Military operation 10865:Tactical objective 10376:Fire-control radar 10292:Military equipment 10234:Anti-ship missiles 9586:Electronic-warfare 9449:Military maneuvers 9434:Combat occupations 9210:Commanding officer 9170:Occupational roles 8790:Keeping the Peace. 8698:London: Routledge. 8678:(Oxford UP, 2022) 8638:Gat, Azar (2006). 8357:– via UNHCR. 7501:10: 238–60; 240–44 6952:Walsh, Maurice N. 6831:The New York Times 6769:on 12 October 2007 6714:Mayer, E. (2000). 6567:9 May 2015 at the 6562:"Great Depression" 6281:War and Pestilence 5931:"Mongol Conquests" 5889:, Blackwell 2003, 5682:, vol 538 (7624), 4984:www.britannica.com 4659:Scientific Reports 4295: 4263: 4212: 3906: 3819:capitalist economy 3722: 3682: 3483: 3401:Most estimates of 3361: 3309: 3280:American Civil War 3228:Military personnel 2975:may have been the 2959:Casualty recording 2910: 2808: 2731: 2727:War in Afghanistan 2719:United States Army 2506:Biological warfare 2496:Asymmetric warfare 2442: 2418:left-wing politics 2405:William Rubinstein 2383:Lawrence H. Keeley 2358: 2299:mixture, confusion 1886:Counter-insurgency 1807:Command of the sea 1752:Jewish laws on war 1727:Geneva Conventions 1263:Divide and conquer 1058:Military operation 1023:Tactical objective 522:Fire-control radar 499:Electronic-warfare 133:Battle of Hastings 131:Medieval warfare: 14012: 14011: 14006: 14005: 13978:International law 13847:Right of conquest 13812:National interest 13755:Deterrence theory 13653: 13652: 13640:League of Nations 13524: 13523: 13434:Philosophy of law 13379:Conflict theories 13219:The Spirit of Law 13126: 13125: 12175:Original position 11631: 11630: 11475: 11474: 11401:Anti-war movement 11344: 11343: 11336:Conflicts by time 10961:Counter-offensive 10951:Military campaign 10870:Target saturation 10820:Counterinsurgency 10469:International law 10411:Gun data computer 10280: 10279: 9617:Armies by country 9581:Close air support 9546:Aircraft carriers 9215:Executive officer 9061:Library resources 8973:978-0-312-53744-9 8940:978-0-8039-1776-7 8891:978-1-58487-472-0 8839:978-88-87835-89-2 8612:Keeping the Peace 8577:978-1-78374-403-9 8567:10.11647/OBP.0128 8507:The Causes of War 8305:. 19 March 2012. 8215:978-0-465-09067-9 8075:Aquinas, Thomas. 7760:From point 10 of 7472:978-0-520-08267-0 7297:978-0-17-444706-1 7268:978-0-393-05931-1 6907:978-1-61577-376-3 6804:978-0-275-99435-8 6746:"Cost of the War" 6533:"Alsace-Lorraine" 6506:978-0-674-02178-5 6329:(7659): 1482–86. 6221:978-0-521-39559-5 5895:978-0-631-18117-0 5885:McFarlane, Alan: 5635:Our World in Data 5579:Our World in Data 5200:on 16 August 2022 5133:978-0-8493-1434-6 4840:978-0-582-50601-5 4750:Asia Times Online 4553:978-80-224-1341-1 4299:Anti-war movement 4275:international law 4256:General Plan East 4058:Correlates of War 4044:Political science 3927:French Revolution 3795:Rudolf Hilferding 3732:natural resources 3678:Maya civilization 3380:Holy Roman Empire 3376:Thirty Years' War 3357:Thirty Years' War 3247:, Richard Gabriel 3220: 3219: 3211:Russian Civil War 3090:Taiping Rebellion 2915:Thirty Years' War 2703:guerrilla warfare 2655:, or demanding a 2593:counterinsurgency 2543:covert operations 2539:political warfare 2510:cluster munitions 2240:The English word 2164: 2163: 2056:Horses in warfare 2003:Anti-war movement 1906:Gunboat diplomacy 1896:Disaster response 1844:Philosophy of war 1839:Principles of war 1812:Deterrence theory 1757:Right of conquest 1680:Lanchester's laws 1448:Principles of war 1138:Counter-offensive 1123:Military campaign 1028:Target saturation 951:Counterinsurgency 560:Gun data computer 494:Close air support 456:Aircraft carriers 155:Nuclear warfare: 151:Normandy landings 121:Ancient warfare: 16:(Redirected from 14052: 13998:Security studies 13790:Internationality 13785:Internationalism 13584: 13583: 13551: 13544: 13537: 13528: 13527: 13439:Political ethics 13429:Machiavellianism 13369:Authoritarianism 13354: 13344: 13334: 13324: 13314: 13304: 13294: 13284: 13274: 13264: 13254: 13244: 13234: 13224: 13214: 13204: 13194: 13184: 13174: 13164: 13154: 13144: 12220: 12219: 12161: 12097: 12087:Balance of power 12061:Social democracy 12056:Social Darwinism 12031:Multiculturalism 11976:Environmentalism 11951:Communitarianism 11658: 11651: 11644: 11635: 11634: 11515: 11508: 11501: 11492: 11491: 11479: 11478: 11465: 11464: 11454: 11453: 11431: 11314: 11305: 11296: 11287: 11271: 11262: 11253: 11244: 11235: 11221: 11212: 11203: 11188: 11187: 11130:Military tactics 10971:Defence in depth 10825:Defeat in detail 10521:Armoured warfare 10459:Military science 10249:Close-in weapons 9921: 9920: 9832:Wheeled vehicles 9827:Tracked vehicles 9624:Chain of command 9287:Defense ministry 9125: 9118: 9111: 9102: 9101: 9093: 9053:Timeline of wars 8989: 8987: 8985: 8956: 8954: 8952: 8855: 8853: 8851: 8808: 8778: 8750: 8748: 8746: 8724: 8722: 8720: 8671: 8669: 8667: 8661: 8654: 8621: 8615: 8604: 8592: 8581: 8569: 8552: 8510: 8501: 8492: 8490: 8479: 8470: 8452: 8451: 8449: 8447: 8436:The Wire Science 8427: 8421: 8420: 8418: 8416: 8410: 8399: 8390: 8384: 8383: 8381: 8374: 8365: 8359: 8358: 8356: 8354: 8348: 8334: 8325: 8319: 8318: 8316: 8314: 8293: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8282: 8276: 8269: 8259: 8253: 8239: 8233: 8226: 8220: 8219: 8195: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8184: 8164: 8155: 8134: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8123: 8103: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8072: 8066: 8065: 8063: 8061: 8046: 8040: 8039: 8037: 8035: 8015: 8006: 8005: 8003: 7997:. 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Archived from 5147:Lewis, Brian C. 5144: 5138: 5137: 5122:(2nd ed.). 5115: 5109: 5108: 5098: 5058: 5052: 5051: 5041: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4976: 4970: 4961: 4955: 4947: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4915: 4909: 4903: 4897: 4880: 4869: 4865:Diamond, Jared, 4863: 4857: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4824: 4818: 4811: 4805: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4782: 4776: 4775: 4769: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4741: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4715: 4709: 4708: 4698: 4650: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4562: 4556: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4494: 4483: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4458: 4447: 4439: 4423: 4408: 4399: 4391: 4184:cognitive biases 4173:Individual-level 4122:Balance of power 4115:John Mearsheimer 4092:security dilemma 4022:Geoffrey Blainey 3935:Rwandan genocide 3883:land degradation 3610: 3607:Nuremberg trials 3576:, a follower of 3494:Great Depression 3444:Great Depression 3414: 3388:infant mortality 3326:Seven Years' War 3307: 3304: 3267: 3248: 3070:Mongol invasions 3066:Mongol Conquests 3021: 3020: 2996:Byelorussian SSR 2992:prisoners of war 2969:Mongol conquests 2940: 2936: 2931: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2887: 2881: 2875: 2869: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2845: 2839: 2833: 2763:Anglo-Dutch Wars 2535:economic warfare 2516:Chemical warfare 2484:Types of warfare 2348:Military history 2337: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2321: 2312: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2284: 2274: 2268: 2259: 2253: 2156: 2149: 2142: 1911:Humanitarian aid 1849:Security dilemma 1670:Power projection 1453:Economy of force 1433:Chain of command 1148:Defence in depth 1133:Commerce raiding 956:Defeat in detail 292:Defense ministry 196: 187: 186: 177: 165: 164: 149:Modern warfare: 128: 113: 104: 93: 84: 73: 64: 21: 14060: 14059: 14055: 14054: 14053: 14051: 14050: 14049: 14035:Military ethics 14015: 14014: 14013: 14008: 14007: 14002: 13946: 13937:Postcolonialism 13898: 13827:Non-state actor 13822:Non-belligerent 13817:Neutral country 13802:Interventionism 13735:Co-belligerence 13696: 13649: 13628: 13573: 13560: 13555: 13525: 13520: 13507: 13496:Totalitarianism 13357: 13352: 13342: 13332: 13322: 13312: 13302: 13292: 13282: 13272: 13262: 13252: 13242: 13232: 13222: 13212: 13202: 13192: 13182: 13172: 13169:Treatise on Law 13162: 13152: 13142: 13122: 12780: 12774: 12513: 12507: 12393: 12387: 12306: 12209: 12195:State of nature 12190:Social contract 12170:Ordered liberty 12158:Noblesse oblige 12075: 11909: 11838: 11667: 11662: 11632: 11627: 11524: 11519: 11484: 11476: 11471: 11444: 11425: 11411:Humanitarianism 11340: 11319: 11308: 11299: 11290: 11284:Napoleonic Wars 11281: 11265: 11259:Modern warships 11256: 11247: 11238: 11229: 11215: 11206: 11197: 11184:Other namespace 11179: 11101: 11020: 10932: 10884: 10850:Rapid dominance 10759: 10635: 10420: 10359: 10276: 10222:Naval artillery 10202:Guided missiles 10190: 9912: 9793: 9595: 9458: 9454:Combat training 9402:Security forces 9392:Military police 9330:Airborne forces 9270: 9138: 9129: 9095:War zone safety 9086: 9085: 9084: 9069: 9068: 9064: 9044: 9039: 9025:Before the Dawn 9013:. 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5520: 5506: 5504: 5497: 5479: 5475: 5461: 5459: 5452: 5435: 5431: 5417: 5415: 5400:Katwala, Sunder 5396: 5392: 5378: 5376: 5369: 5353: 5349: 5339: 5337: 5330: 5312: 5308: 5295: 5293: 5286: 5270: 5266: 5252: 5250: 5243: 5217: 5213: 5203: 5201: 5197: 5182: 5176: 5172: 5162: 5160: 5159:on 17 June 1997 5145: 5141: 5134: 5116: 5112: 5059: 5055: 5002: 4998: 4988: 4986: 4978: 4977: 4973: 4962: 4958: 4948: 4944: 4934: 4932: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4904: 4900: 4890:Wayback Machine 4881: 4872: 4864: 4860: 4850: 4848: 4841: 4825: 4821: 4812: 4808: 4798: 4796: 4783: 4779: 4763: 4762: 4755: 4753: 4742: 4738: 4728: 4726: 4717: 4716: 4712: 4651: 4647: 4637: 4635: 4625: 4621: 4611: 4609: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4581: 4579: 4563: 4559: 4542: 4538: 4528: 4526: 4513: 4512: 4508: 4498: 4496: 4492: 4481: 4477: 4476: 4472: 4462: 4460: 4456: 4445: 4441: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4427: 4426: 4412:The Blank Slate 4409: 4402: 4392: 4388: 4383: 4366: 4346: 4310:Gaudiem et Spes 4301: 4287: 4223:just war theory 4196: 4188:prospect theory 4175: 4154: 4103:Hans Morgenthau 4099:Henry Kissinger 4080: 4046: 3972: 3954:Geoffrey Parker 3951: 3912:, who proposed 3891: 3835: 3827: 3815:consumer demand 3801:theorized that 3771: 3765: 3744:fiscal capacity 3728: 3706: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3609:, 18 April 1946 3601: 3528: 3516: 3510: 3468: 3437:Alsace-Lorraine 3433:war reparations 3429: 3423: 3412: 3344: 3338: 3305: 3268: 3262: 3249: 3243: 3225: 3204: 3189: 3173: 3158: 3138: 3119: 3103: 3083: 3074:Tatar invasions 3059: 3039: 3025: 2961: 2949:Main articles: 2947: 2938: 2934: 2929: 2908: 2907: 2903: 2901: 2900: 8000–8800 2897: 2895: 2894: 3000–8000 2891: 2889: 2888: 2600–3000 2885: 2883: 2882: 2200–2600 2879: 2877: 2876: 1800–2200 2873: 2871: 2870: 1400–1800 2867: 2865: 2864: 1000–1400 2861: 2859: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2847: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2835: 2831: 2819: 2814: 2800: 2751: 2743: 2712: 2617:nuclear weapons 2613:Nuclear warfare 2520:chemical weapon 2492: 2486: 2399:defensive works 2350: 2344: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2315:Old High German 2301: 2298: 2295: 2238: 2195:military forces 2160: 2131: 2130: 2081: 2071: 2070: 2036: 2028: 2027: 1968: 1958: 1957: 1931:Multilateralism 1916:Law enforcement 1876: 1866: 1865: 1834:Just war theory 1792: 1782: 1781: 1732:Geneva Protocol 1702: 1692: 1691: 1665: 1655: 1654: 1596: 1586: 1585: 1493: 1483: 1482: 1423: 1413: 1412: 1378: 1368: 1367: 1298:Network-centric 1218: 1208: 1207: 1115: 1105: 1104: 1053: 1043: 1042: 991:Rapid dominance 896: 886: 885: 841:Electromagnetic 750: 740: 739: 726: 679: 627: 603: 593: 592: 588:Combat training 569: 546: 512:Combat systems: 508: 470: 466:Auxiliary ships 432: 392: 388:Military police 354: 277: 267: 266: 206: 180: 179: 178: 173: 163: 162: 161: 160: 154: 148: 142: 136: 130: 120: 116: 115: 114: 106: 105: 96: 95: 94: 86: 85: 76: 75: 74: 66: 65: 52: 43: 28: 23: 22: 18:Armed conflicts 15: 12: 11: 5: 14058: 14048: 14047: 14042: 14037: 14032: 14027: 14010: 14009: 14004: 14003: 14001: 14000: 13995: 13990: 13985: 13980: 13975: 13970: 13965: 13960: 13954: 13952: 13948: 13947: 13945: 13944: 13939: 13934: 13929: 13924: 13919: 13917:English school 13914: 13912:Constructivism 13908: 13906: 13900: 13899: 13897: 13896: 13891: 13890: 13889: 13884: 13882:Non-aggression 13879: 13874: 13869: 13859: 13854: 13849: 13844: 13839: 13834: 13829: 13824: 13819: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13798: 13797: 13792: 13782: 13777: 13772: 13767: 13762: 13757: 13752: 13747: 13742: 13737: 13732: 13727: 13726: 13725: 13720: 13715: 13704: 13702: 13698: 13697: 13695: 13694: 13689: 13684: 13679: 13674: 13669: 13663: 13661: 13655: 13654: 13651: 13650: 13648: 13647: 13642: 13636: 13634: 13630: 13629: 13627: 13626: 13621: 13616: 13611: 13606: 13601: 13596: 13590: 13588: 13581: 13575: 13574: 13572: 13571: 13565: 13562: 13561: 13554: 13553: 13546: 13539: 13531: 13522: 13521: 13519: 13518: 13512: 13509: 13508: 13506: 13505: 13498: 13493: 13488: 13486:Social justice 13483: 13478: 13473: 13468: 13463: 13462: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13394:Egalitarianism 13391: 13386: 13384:Contractualism 13381: 13376: 13371: 13365: 13363: 13359: 13358: 13356: 13355: 13345: 13335: 13325: 13315: 13305: 13295: 13285: 13275: 13265: 13255: 13245: 13235: 13225: 13215: 13205: 13195: 13185: 13175: 13165: 13155: 13145: 13134: 13132: 13128: 13127: 13124: 13123: 13121: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13095: 13090: 13085: 13080: 13075: 13070: 13065: 13060: 13055: 13050: 13045: 13040: 13035: 13030: 13025: 13020: 13015: 13010: 13005: 13000: 12995: 12990: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12970: 12965: 12960: 12955: 12950: 12945: 12940: 12935: 12930: 12925: 12920: 12915: 12910: 12905: 12900: 12895: 12890: 12885: 12880: 12875: 12870: 12865: 12860: 12855: 12850: 12845: 12840: 12835: 12830: 12825: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12784: 12782: 12776: 12775: 12773: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12692: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12662: 12657: 12652: 12651: 12650: 12640: 12635: 12634: 12633: 12623: 12618: 12613: 12608: 12603: 12598: 12593: 12588: 12583: 12578: 12573: 12568: 12563: 12558: 12553: 12548: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12517: 12515: 12509: 12508: 12506: 12505: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12450: 12449: 12448: 12438: 12433: 12428: 12423: 12418: 12413: 12408: 12403: 12397: 12395: 12389: 12388: 12386: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12355: 12350: 12345: 12340: 12335: 12330: 12325: 12320: 12314: 12312: 12308: 12307: 12305: 12304: 12299: 12294: 12289: 12284: 12279: 12278: 12277: 12267: 12262: 12257: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12226: 12224: 12217: 12211: 12210: 12208: 12207: 12202: 12197: 12192: 12187: 12182: 12180:Overton window 12177: 12172: 12167: 12162: 12153: 12148: 12143: 12138: 12133: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12089: 12083: 12081: 12077: 12076: 12074: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12058: 12053: 12048: 12043: 12038: 12033: 12028: 12023: 12018: 12013: 12011:Libertarianism 12008: 12003: 11998: 11993: 11988: 11983: 11978: 11973: 11968: 11963: 11958: 11953: 11948: 11943: 11938: 11933: 11928: 11923: 11917: 11915: 11911: 11910: 11908: 11907: 11902: 11897: 11892: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11872: 11867: 11862: 11857: 11852: 11846: 11844: 11840: 11839: 11837: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11786: 11781: 11776: 11771: 11766: 11761: 11756: 11751: 11746: 11741: 11736: 11731: 11726: 11721: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11675: 11673: 11669: 11668: 11661: 11660: 11653: 11646: 11638: 11629: 11628: 11626: 11625: 11620: 11610: 11600: 11590: 11580: 11570: 11560: 11550: 11540: 11529: 11526: 11525: 11518: 11517: 11510: 11503: 11495: 11489: 11486: 11485: 11473: 11472: 11449: 11446: 11445: 11443: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11423: 11418: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11393: 11391:Global studies 11388: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11366:Peace movement 11363: 11358: 11352: 11350: 11346: 11345: 11342: 11341: 11339: 11338: 11333: 11327: 11325: 11321: 11320: 11318: 11317: 11316: 11315: 11306: 11297: 11288: 11274: 11273: 11272: 11263: 11254: 11245: 11236: 11222: 11213: 11204: 11194: 11192: 11185: 11181: 11180: 11178: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11165:Related lists: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11135:History lists: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11115:Military lists 11111: 11109: 11103: 11102: 11100: 11099: 11094: 11089: 11084: 11082:Defense policy 11079: 11077:Defense budget 11074: 11069: 11067:Public policy: 11064: 11059: 11057:United Nations 11054: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11030: 11028: 11022: 11021: 11019: 11018: 11016:Scorched earth 11013: 11008: 11003: 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10942: 10940: 10934: 10933: 10931: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10918:Deep operation 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10894: 10892: 10886: 10885: 10883: 10882: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10796: 10795: 10790: 10780: 10775: 10769: 10767: 10761: 10760: 10758: 10757: 10752: 10747: 10746: 10745: 10735: 10734: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10698: 10697: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10681: 10676: 10666: 10665: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10645: 10643: 10637: 10636: 10634: 10633: 10631:Unconventional 10628: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10581:Disinformation 10578: 10573: 10568: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10512: 10511: 10506: 10496: 10491: 10489:Post-classical 10486: 10481: 10476: 10471: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10430: 10428: 10422: 10421: 10419: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10367: 10365: 10364:Combat systems 10361: 10360: 10358: 10357: 10355:Field hospital 10352: 10351: 10350: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10329: 10328: 10318: 10317: 10316: 10306: 10305: 10304: 10299: 10288: 10286: 10282: 10281: 10278: 10277: 10275: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10230: 10229: 10219: 10211: 10210: 10209: 10198: 10196: 10192: 10191: 10189: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10172: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10151: 10150: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10134: 10132:Shoulder-fired 10121: 10120: 10119: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10098: 10097: 10087: 10086: 10085: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10059: 10058: 10048: 10047: 10046: 10036: 10032:Service rifles 10028: 10027: 10026: 10016: 10011: 10003: 10002: 10001: 9991: 9990: 9989: 9979: 9978: 9977: 9967: 9966: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9945: 9940: 9939: 9938: 9927: 9925: 9918: 9914: 9913: 9911: 9910: 9905: 9904: 9903: 9898: 9888: 9887: 9886: 9881: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9860: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9818: 9817: 9807: 9801: 9799: 9795: 9794: 9792: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9720: 9719: 9714: 9704: 9703: 9702: 9697: 9687: 9686: 9685: 9675: 9674: 9673: 9663: 9662: 9661: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9620: 9619: 9614: 9603: 9601: 9597: 9596: 9594: 9593: 9591:Reconnaissance 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9556:Auxiliary ship 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9537: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9495: 9494: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9468: 9466: 9460: 9459: 9457: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9444:Basic training 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9425: 9424: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9383: 9382: 9375:Reconnaissance 9372: 9367: 9362: 9360:Communications 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9325:Special forces 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9289: 9284: 9278: 9276: 9272: 9271: 9269: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9257: 9256: 9251: 9241: 9236: 9235: 9234: 9224: 9218: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9146: 9144: 9140: 9139: 9128: 9127: 9120: 9113: 9105: 9099: 9098: 9083: 9082: 9077: 9071: 9070: 9059: 9058: 9057: 9056: 9055:on Histropedia 9050: 9043: 9042:External links 9040: 9038: 9037: 9036:. Basic Books. 9028: 9021: 9014: 9007: 8997: 8990: 8972: 8957: 8939: 8924: 8917: 8907: 8900: 8893: 8863: 8856: 8838: 8823: 8816: 8809: 8797:Kolko, Gabriel 8793: 8786: 8779: 8770: 8763: 8751: 8725: 8699: 8692: 8682: 8672: 8643: 8636: 8629: 8622: 8605: 8600:978-0385043472 8599: 8582: 8576: 8553: 8544: 8537: 8530: 8523: 8511: 8502: 8493: 8480: 8471: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8453: 8422: 8385: 8360: 8320: 8288: 8254: 8234: 8221: 8214: 8190: 8156: 8129: 8098: 8067: 8041: 8007: 7966: 7953:on 7 July 2011 7938: 7876: 7850: 7815: 7796: 7773: 7753: 7750:978-1850658214 7737: 7704: 7686:978-0029035917 7685: 7665: 7638:(3): 379–414. 7619: 7610: 7594: 7576: 7558: 7540: 7525: 7503: 7490: 7471: 7451: 7432: 7413: 7395: 7377:Foreign Policy 7363: 7333: 7303: 7296: 7288:Nelson Thornes 7274: 7267: 7261:. p. 94. 7245: 7214: 7194: 7174: 7147: 7124: 7111: 7098: 7086: 7079: 7067:Pinker, Steven 7058: 7045: 7021: 6989: 6980: 6958: 6945: 6932: 6930:(Fornari 1975) 6923: 6910: 6890: 6877: 6836: 6822: 6803: 6780: 6754: 6737: 6706: 6700:978-1317881391 6699: 6681: 6638: 6624:(4): 757–784. 6605: 6576: 6554: 6524: 6505: 6485: 6470:. 9 May 2005. 6455: 6429: 6396: 6377: 6358: 6309: 6289: 6273: 6261: 6239: 6220: 6200: 6182: 6156: 6145: 6130: 6111: 6085: 6055: 6043:Britannica.com 6030: 6004: 5974: 5963:on 17 May 2003 5948: 5922: 5909: 5875: 5860: 5848: 5835: 5832:. p. 344. 5820: 5817:. p. 304. 5805: 5790: 5741: 5726: 5703:(4): 437–443. 5687: 5671: 5652: 5622: 5596: 5565: 5544:978-0804723800 5543: 5518: 5496:978-3110443486 5495: 5473: 5451:978-1137359018 5450: 5429: 5390: 5368:978-1137359018 5367: 5347: 5329:978-0521558686 5328: 5306: 5285:978-1137359018 5284: 5264: 5242:978-0199878338 5241: 5211: 5170: 5139: 5132: 5110: 5073:(9): 971–975. 5053: 4996: 4971: 4956: 4942: 4910: 4898: 4870: 4858: 4839: 4819: 4806: 4777: 4736: 4710: 4645: 4619: 4589: 4557: 4536: 4506: 4495:on 8 July 2024 4470: 4452:. March 2008. 4433: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4400: 4385: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4377: 4372: 4370:Outline of war 4365: 4362: 4345: 4342: 4297:Main article: 4286: 4283: 4195: 4192: 4174: 4171: 4170: 4169: 4153: 4152:Societal-level 4150: 4141: 4140: 4130: 4079: 4076: 4045: 4042: 4030:cognitive bias 4013: 4012: 4009: 4003: 3992:peace war game 3971: 3968: 3950: 3947: 3890: 3887: 3865:. The violent 3859:Thomas Malthus 3834: 3831: 3826: 3823: 3799:Vladimir Lenin 3791:Rosa Luxemburg 3767:Main article: 3764: 3761: 3740:state-building 3720:, 1 March 1991 3705: 3702: 3689:Ashley Montagu 3616: 3613: 3603:Hermann Göring 3599: 3574:Franco Fornari 3527: 3526:Psychoanalytic 3524: 3509: 3506: 3467: 3464: 3422: 3419: 3396:drinking water 3374:). During the 3337: 3334: 3260: 3245:No More Heroes 3241: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3217: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3183: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3152: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3132: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3097: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3033: 3030: 3027: 2977:Paraguayan War 2973:modern history 2946: 2943: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2858: 600–1000 2854: 2848: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2829: 2818: 2815: 2812:Effects of war 2810:Main article: 2799: 2796: 2792: 2791: 2788: 2781: 2780: 2777: 2770: 2769: 2766: 2750: 2749:Classification 2747: 2742: 2739: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2706: 2669:" and may use 2660: 2630: 2620: 2610: 2596: 2586: 2580: 2558: 2527: 2513: 2503: 2488:Main article: 2485: 2482: 2346:Main article: 2343: 2340: 2287:Proto-Germanic 2237: 2234: 2217:suffering and 2171:armed conflict 2162: 2161: 2159: 2158: 2151: 2144: 2136: 2133: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2096:Military terms 2093: 2088: 2082: 2077: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1969: 1964: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1950: 1949: 1948: 1943: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1877: 1872: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1854:Tripwire force 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1793: 1788: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1703: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1687: 1677: 1672: 1666: 1661: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1651: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1630: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1618: 1608: 1603: 1597: 1592: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1574: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1494: 1489: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1424: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1379: 1376:Administrative 1374: 1373: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1303:New generation 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1278:Fleet in being 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1219: 1216:Grand strategy 1214: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1203:Scorched earth 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1116: 1111: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1080:Deep operation 1077: 1072: 1065: 1060: 1054: 1049: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1009: 1008: 998: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 927: 926: 921: 916: 906: 897: 892: 891: 888: 887: 884: 883: 881:Unconventional 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 829: 827:Disinformation 824: 819: 814: 809: 804: 799: 798: 797: 792: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 751: 746: 745: 742: 741: 738: 737: 732: 725: 724: 723: 722: 721: 720: 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 678: 677: 676: 675: 674: 673: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 626: 625: 624: 623: 618: 613: 604: 599: 598: 595: 594: 591: 590: 585: 580: 578:Basic training 575: 568: 567: 562: 557: 552: 545: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 507: 506: 504:Reconnaissance 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 469: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 443: 438: 431: 430: 425: 423:Special forces 420: 415: 414: 413: 403: 398: 391: 390: 385: 380: 378:Reconnaissance 375: 370: 365: 360: 353: 352: 343: 338: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 278: 273: 272: 269: 268: 265: 264: 263: 262: 257: 247: 246: 245: 240: 230: 229: 228: 221:Post-classical 218: 213: 207: 202: 201: 198: 197: 189: 188: 170: 169: 118: 117: 108: 107: 99: 98: 97: 88: 87: 79: 78: 77: 68: 67: 59: 58: 57: 56: 55: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14057: 14046: 14043: 14041: 14038: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14022: 14020: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13976: 13974: 13971: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13959: 13956: 13955: 13953: 13949: 13943: 13940: 13938: 13935: 13933: 13930: 13928: 13925: 13923: 13920: 13918: 13915: 13913: 13910: 13909: 13907: 13905: 13901: 13895: 13892: 13888: 13885: 13883: 13880: 13878: 13875: 13873: 13870: 13868: 13865: 13864: 13863: 13860: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13850: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13840: 13838: 13835: 13833: 13830: 13828: 13825: 13823: 13820: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13787: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13761: 13758: 13756: 13753: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13716: 13714: 13711: 13710: 13709: 13706: 13705: 13703: 13699: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13664: 13662: 13660: 13656: 13646: 13643: 13641: 13638: 13637: 13635: 13631: 13625: 13622: 13620: 13617: 13615: 13612: 13610: 13607: 13605: 13602: 13600: 13597: 13595: 13592: 13591: 13589: 13585: 13582: 13580: 13579:Organizations 13576: 13570: 13567: 13566: 13563: 13559: 13552: 13547: 13545: 13540: 13538: 13533: 13532: 13529: 13517: 13514: 13513: 13510: 13504: 13503: 13499: 13497: 13494: 13492: 13489: 13487: 13484: 13482: 13479: 13477: 13474: 13472: 13469: 13467: 13464: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13446: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13419:Jurisprudence 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13366: 13364: 13360: 13351: 13350: 13346: 13341: 13340: 13336: 13331: 13330: 13326: 13321: 13320: 13316: 13311: 13310: 13306: 13301: 13300: 13296: 13291: 13290: 13286: 13281: 13280: 13276: 13271: 13270: 13266: 13261: 13260: 13256: 13251: 13250: 13249:Rights of Man 13246: 13241: 13240: 13236: 13231: 13230: 13226: 13221: 13220: 13216: 13211: 13210: 13206: 13201: 13200: 13196: 13191: 13190: 13186: 13181: 13180: 13176: 13171: 13170: 13166: 13161: 13160: 13159:De re publica 13156: 13151: 13150: 13146: 13141: 13140: 13136: 13135: 13133: 13129: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13096: 13094: 13091: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13081: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13071: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13031: 13029: 13026: 13024: 13021: 13019: 13016: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13006: 13004: 13001: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12949: 12946: 12944: 12941: 12939: 12936: 12934: 12931: 12929: 12926: 12924: 12921: 12919: 12916: 12914: 12911: 12909: 12906: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12896: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12876: 12874: 12871: 12869: 12866: 12864: 12861: 12859: 12856: 12854: 12851: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12804: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12785: 12783: 12779:20th and 21st 12777: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12653: 12649: 12646: 12645: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12632: 12629: 12628: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12594: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12559: 12557: 12554: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12518: 12516: 12512:18th and 19th 12510: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12447: 12444: 12443: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12398: 12396: 12390: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12368:Nizam al-Mulk 12366: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12346: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12336: 12334: 12331: 12329: 12326: 12324: 12321: 12319: 12316: 12315: 12313: 12309: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12293: 12290: 12288: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12276: 12273: 12272: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12227: 12225: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12212: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12186: 12183: 12181: 12178: 12176: 12173: 12171: 12168: 12166: 12163: 12160: 12159: 12154: 12152: 12149: 12147: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12096: 12095: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12084: 12082: 12078: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12051:Republicanism 12049: 12047: 12044: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11918: 11916: 11912: 11906: 11903: 11901: 11898: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11868: 11866: 11863: 11861: 11858: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11847: 11845: 11841: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11790: 11787: 11785: 11782: 11780: 11777: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11760: 11757: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11742: 11740: 11737: 11735: 11732: 11730: 11727: 11725: 11722: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11676: 11674: 11670: 11666: 11659: 11654: 11652: 11647: 11645: 11640: 11639: 11636: 11624: 11621: 11618: 11614: 11611: 11608: 11604: 11601: 11598: 11594: 11591: 11588: 11584: 11581: 11578: 11574: 11571: 11568: 11564: 11561: 11558: 11554: 11551: 11548: 11544: 11541: 11538: 11534: 11531: 11530: 11527: 11523: 11516: 11511: 11509: 11504: 11502: 11497: 11496: 11493: 11487: 11480: 11470: 11469: 11459: 11458: 11447: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11429: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11371:Peace process 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11353: 11351: 11347: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11328: 11326: 11322: 11312: 11307: 11303: 11298: 11294: 11289: 11285: 11280: 11279: 11278: 11275: 11269: 11264: 11260: 11255: 11251: 11246: 11242: 11237: 11233: 11228: 11227: 11226: 11223: 11219: 11214: 11210: 11205: 11201: 11196: 11195: 11193: 11189: 11186: 11182: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11112: 11110: 11108: 11104: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11036: 11032: 11031: 11029: 11027: 11023: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10943: 10941: 10939: 10935: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10913:Expeditionary 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10895: 10893: 10891: 10887: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10815:Counterattack 10813: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10785: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10774: 10771: 10770: 10768: 10766: 10762: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10744: 10741: 10740: 10739: 10736: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10703: 10702: 10699: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10675: 10672: 10671: 10670: 10667: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10649: 10647: 10646: 10644: 10642: 10638: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10621:Psychological 10619: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10607: 10604: 10602: 10599: 10597: 10594: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10561:Combined arms 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10502: 10501: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10431: 10429: 10427: 10423: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10368: 10366: 10362: 10356: 10353: 10349: 10346: 10345: 10344: 10343:Military base 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10327: 10324: 10323: 10322: 10319: 10315: 10312: 10311: 10310: 10307: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10294: 10293: 10290: 10289: 10287: 10283: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10256: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10244:Depth charges 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10228: 10225: 10224: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10216: 10212: 10208: 10205: 10204: 10203: 10200: 10199: 10197: 10193: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10156: 10155: 10152: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10129: 10128: 10126: 10122: 10118: 10115: 10114: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10100: 10096: 10093: 10092: 10091: 10088: 10084: 10081: 10080: 10079: 10078:Anti-tank gun 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10057: 10054: 10053: 10052: 10051:Assault rifle 10049: 10045: 10042: 10041: 10040: 10039:Battle rifles 10037: 10035: 10033: 10029: 10025: 10022: 10021: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10008: 10007:Infantry guns 10004: 10000: 9997: 9996: 9995: 9992: 9988: 9985: 9984: 9983: 9980: 9976: 9973: 9972: 9971: 9968: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9950: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9937: 9934: 9933: 9932: 9929: 9928: 9926: 9922: 9919: 9915: 9909: 9906: 9902: 9901:Anti-aircraft 9899: 9897: 9894: 9893: 9892: 9889: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9876: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9839: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9816: 9813: 9812: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9802: 9800: 9796: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9709: 9708: 9705: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9692: 9691: 9688: 9684: 9681: 9680: 9679: 9676: 9672: 9669: 9668: 9667: 9664: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9634:General staff 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9609: 9608: 9605: 9604: 9602: 9598: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9551:Landing craft 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9521: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9493: 9490: 9489: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9469: 9467: 9465: 9461: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9423: 9420: 9419: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9381: 9378: 9377: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9294: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9279: 9277: 9273: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9246: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9233: 9230: 9229: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9219: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9200:Enlisted rank 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9147: 9145: 9141: 9137: 9133: 9126: 9121: 9119: 9114: 9112: 9107: 9106: 9103: 9096: 9092: 9088: 9087: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9045: 9035: 9034: 9029: 9026: 9022: 9019: 9015: 9012: 9008: 9005: 9001: 9000:Strachan, Hew 8998: 8995: 8991: 8979: 8975: 8969: 8966:. Macmillan. 8965: 8964: 8958: 8946: 8942: 8936: 8932: 8931: 8925: 8922: 8918: 8916: 8912: 8908: 8905: 8904:How War Began 8901: 8898: 8894: 8892: 8888: 8884: 8880: 8877: 8873: 8870: 8869: 8864: 8861: 8857: 8845: 8841: 8835: 8831: 8830: 8824: 8821: 8817: 8814: 8810: 8806: 8805:The New Press 8802: 8798: 8794: 8791: 8787: 8784: 8780: 8776: 8771: 8768: 8764: 8761: 8760: 8755: 8752: 8740: 8736: 8735: 8730: 8726: 8714: 8710: 8709: 8704: 8700: 8697: 8693: 8691: 8687: 8683: 8681: 8677: 8673: 8658: 8651: 8650: 8644: 8641: 8637: 8634: 8630: 8627: 8623: 8619: 8614: 8613: 8606: 8602: 8596: 8591: 8590: 8583: 8579: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8559: 8554: 8550: 8545: 8542: 8538: 8535: 8531: 8528: 8524: 8521: 8520: 8515: 8512: 8508: 8503: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8488: 8481: 8477: 8472: 8468: 8463: 8462: 8441: 8437: 8433: 8426: 8407: 8403: 8396: 8389: 8378: 8371: 8364: 8345: 8341: 8339: 8331: 8324: 8308: 8304: 8303: 8298: 8292: 8273: 8266: 8265: 8258: 8251: 8247: 8244: 8238: 8231: 8225: 8217: 8211: 8207: 8203: 8202: 8194: 8178: 8174: 8170: 8163: 8161: 8154: 8153:0-19-860446-7 8150: 8146: 8142: 8138: 8133: 8117: 8113: 8109: 8102: 8086: 8082: 8078: 8071: 8056: 8052: 8045: 8029: 8025: 8021: 8014: 8012: 8000: 7996: 7992: 7989:(1): 87–112. 7988: 7984: 7977: 7970: 7952: 7948: 7942: 7933: 7928: 7924: 7920: 7916: 7909: 7907: 7905: 7903: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7895: 7893: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7864: 7860: 7854: 7846: 7842: 7838: 7834: 7830: 7826: 7819: 7813: 7809: 7806: 7800: 7794: 7790: 7787: 7783: 7777: 7770: 7766: 7763: 7757: 7751: 7747: 7741: 7732: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7708: 7692: 7688: 7682: 7678: 7677: 7676:Causes of War 7669: 7661: 7657: 7653: 7649: 7645: 7641: 7637: 7633: 7626: 7624: 7614: 7608: 7604: 7598: 7592: 7588: 7585: 7580: 7574: 7570: 7567: 7562: 7556: 7552: 7549: 7544: 7537: 7534: 7533:Urdal, Henrik 7529: 7523: 7519: 7516: 7513: 7507: 7500: 7494: 7478: 7474: 7468: 7464: 7463: 7455: 7449: 7445: 7442: 7436: 7430: 7426: 7423: 7417: 7411: 7407: 7404: 7399: 7383: 7379: 7378: 7373: 7367: 7351: 7347: 7343: 7337: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7307: 7299: 7293: 7289: 7285: 7278: 7270: 7264: 7260: 7256: 7249: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7218: 7211: 7207: 7205: 7198: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7182:Roger Griffin 7178: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7158: 7151: 7144: 7140: 7136: 7133: 7128: 7121: 7115: 7108: 7102: 7095: 7090: 7082: 7080:0-713-99256-5 7076: 7072: 7068: 7062: 7055: 7049: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7025: 7008: 7004: 7000: 6993: 6984: 6968: 6962: 6955: 6949: 6942: 6936: 6927: 6920: 6914: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6894: 6887: 6881: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6847: 6840: 6833: 6832: 6826: 6810: 6806: 6800: 6796: 6795: 6790: 6784: 6768: 6764: 6758: 6751: 6747: 6741: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6710: 6702: 6696: 6692: 6685: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6665: 6661: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6642: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6609: 6601: 6597: 6596: 6591: 6590:Daniel Yergin 6586: 6580: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6563: 6558: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6528: 6512: 6508: 6502: 6498: 6497: 6489: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6459: 6443: 6439: 6433: 6424: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6400: 6393: 6389: 6386: 6381: 6374: 6370: 6367: 6362: 6354: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6313: 6307: 6306:1-4067-2726-1 6303: 6299: 6293: 6286: 6282: 6277: 6270: 6265: 6258: 6257: 6253: 6250: 6243: 6227: 6223: 6217: 6213: 6212: 6204: 6196: 6189: 6187: 6170: 6166: 6160: 6149: 6141: 6134: 6127: 6123: 6120: 6115: 6099: 6095: 6089: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6059: 6044: 6040: 6034: 6018: 6014: 6008: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5978: 5962: 5958: 5952: 5936: 5932: 5926: 5919: 5913: 5907: 5903: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5882: 5880: 5872:. p. 49. 5871: 5864: 5857: 5852: 5845: 5839: 5831: 5824: 5816: 5809: 5802:. p. 42. 5801: 5794: 5786: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5745: 5738: 5730: 5724: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5691: 5685: 5681: 5675: 5669: 5665: 5662: 5656: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5626: 5610: 5606: 5600: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5569: 5562: 5550: 5546: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5522: 5515: 5502: 5498: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5477: 5470: 5469:instructions. 5457: 5453: 5447: 5443: 5442: 5433: 5426: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5394: 5387: 5374: 5370: 5364: 5360: 5359: 5351: 5335: 5331: 5325: 5321: 5320: 5310: 5303: 5291: 5287: 5281: 5277: 5276: 5268: 5261: 5248: 5244: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5215: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5181: 5174: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5143: 5135: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5114: 5106: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5057: 5049: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5016:(S1): S45-9. 5015: 5011: 5007: 5000: 4985: 4981: 4975: 4968: 4967: 4960: 4953: 4946: 4930: 4926: 4925: 4920: 4914: 4907: 4902: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4884: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4868: 4862: 4846: 4842: 4836: 4832: 4831: 4823: 4816: 4810: 4794: 4790: 4789: 4781: 4773: 4767: 4751: 4747: 4740: 4724: 4720: 4714: 4706: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4649: 4634: 4633:New Scientist 4630: 4623: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4593: 4577: 4573: 4572: 4567: 4561: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4510: 4491: 4487: 4480: 4474: 4455: 4451: 4444: 4438: 4434: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4407: 4405: 4396: 4390: 4386: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4367: 4361: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4314: 4312: 4311: 4306: 4300: 4291: 4282: 4278: 4276: 4271: 4269: 4268: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4248: 4244: 4242: 4241:Jus ad bellum 4238: 4236: 4235: 4230: 4229: 4228:jus ad bellum 4224: 4219: 4217: 4210: 4206: 4205: 4200: 4191: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4149: 4146: 4138: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4112: 4111:Kenneth Waltz 4108: 4104: 4100: 4095: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4075: 4073: 4072: 4067: 4066:Kenneth Waltz 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4041: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4026: 4023: 4018: 4010: 4008: 4004: 4001: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3955: 3946: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3922: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3908:According to 3903: 3899: 3895: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3854: 3849: 3847: 3846:First Crusade 3843: 3842:Pope Urban II 3839: 3830: 3822: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3770: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3727: 3719: 3715: 3710: 3701: 3699: 3695: 3690: 3686: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3666: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3647:Steven Pinker 3643: 3640: 3636: 3631: 3629: 3622: 3608: 3604: 3598: 3593: 3591: 3587: 3581: 3579: 3578:Melanie Klein 3575: 3570: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3535:Joost Meerloo 3533: 3532:psychoanalyst 3523: 3521: 3515: 3505: 3502: 3501:Axis invasion 3497: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3481: 3477: 3472: 3463: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3440: 3438: 3434: 3428: 3418: 3416: 3408: 3404: 3399: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3358: 3354: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3333: 3331: 3327: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3300: 3295: 3291: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3276: 3274: 3265: 3259: 3254: 3246: 3240: 3235: 3233: 3229: 3216: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3201: 3200: 3197: 3196:Dungan Revolt 3194: 3191: 3186: 3185: 3182: 3179:Conquests of 3178: 3175: 3170: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3135: 3134: 3131: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3094:Dungan Revolt 3091: 3088: 3085: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3036: 3035: 3031: 3028: 3023: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3013: 3008: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2942: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2852: 200–600 2846: 100–200 2834: no data 2827: 2823: 2813: 2804: 2795: 2789: 2786: 2785: 2784: 2778: 2775: 2774: 2773: 2767: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2755: 2754: 2746: 2738: 2736: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2481: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2454:Iran–Iraq War 2451: 2447: 2440: 2435: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2419: 2413: 2411: 2406: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2379: 2373: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2354: 2349: 2339: 2326: 2320: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2252: 2247: 2243: 2233: 2231: 2227: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2215:non-combatant 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2177:, or between 2176: 2172: 2168: 2157: 2152: 2150: 2145: 2143: 2138: 2137: 2135: 2134: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2080: 2075: 2074: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2032: 2031: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1983:Warrior caste 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1962: 1961: 1954: 1953:Show of force 1951: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1941:Peacebuilding 1939: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1875: 1870: 1869: 1862: 1859: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1829: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1797:Air supremacy 1795: 1794: 1791: 1786: 1785: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1737:Islamic rules 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1717:Court-martial 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1696: 1695: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1659: 1658: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1616:Arms industry 1614: 1613: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1590: 1589: 1582: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1487: 1486: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1422: 1417: 1416: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1377: 1372: 1371: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1233:Broken-backed 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1212: 1211: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1108: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1075:Expeditionary 1073: 1071: 1070: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1047: 1046: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1007: 1004: 1003: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 946:Counterattack 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 911: 910: 907: 905: 902: 901: 900: 895: 890: 889: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 871:Psychological 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 807:Combined arms 805: 803: 800: 796: 793: 791: 788: 787: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 752: 749: 744: 743: 736: 733: 731: 728: 727: 719: 716: 715: 714: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 685: 684: 681: 680: 672: 669: 668: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 646:Fortification 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 633: 632: 629: 628: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 608: 606: 605: 602: 597: 596: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 570: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 547: 543: 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 509: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 471: 467: 464: 462: 461:Landing craft 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 433: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 412: 409: 408: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 393: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 355: 351: 347: 346:Standing army 344: 342: 339: 337: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 279: 276: 271: 270: 261: 258: 256: 253: 252: 251: 248: 244: 241: 239: 238:pike and shot 236: 235: 234: 231: 227: 224: 223: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 208: 205: 200: 199: 195: 191: 190: 184: 176: 172: 171: 167: 166: 158: 152: 146: 140: 134: 124: 112: 103: 92: 83: 72: 63: 54: 50: 49: 48:Conflict Zone 41: 37: 33: 19: 13893: 13877:Multilateral 13807:Isolationism 13760:Expansionism 13500: 13399:Elite theory 13347: 13337: 13327: 13317: 13307: 13297: 13287: 13277: 13267: 13257: 13247: 13237: 13227: 13217: 13207: 13197: 13187: 13177: 13167: 13157: 13147: 13137: 12436:Guicciardini 12392:Early modern 12215:Philosophers 12165:Open society 12101:Body politic 11971:Distributism 11961:Conservatism 11956:Confucianism 11875:Gerontocracy 11865:Dictatorship 11833: 11819:Sovereignty‎ 11809:Ruling class 11699:Emancipation 11684:Citizenship‎ 11521: 11466: 11455: 11434: 11430:}} 11426:{{ 11313:}} 11309:{{ 11304:}} 11302:World War II 11300:{{ 11295:}} 11291:{{ 11286:}} 11282:{{ 11276: 11270:}} 11266:{{ 11261:}} 11257:{{ 11252:}} 11248:{{ 11243:}} 11239:{{ 11234:}} 11230:{{ 11224: 11220:}} 11216:{{ 11211:}} 11207:{{ 11202:}} 11198:{{ 11164: 11134: 11114: 11086: 11072:Conscription 11066: 11047:Peace treaty 11033: 10738:Subterranean 10626:Radiological 10566:Conventional 10515: 10494:Early modern 10473: 10433: 10425: 10400: 10337: 10253: 10213: 10175: 10158: 10123: 10112:Combat knife 10102:Flamethrower 10067: 10063:Sniper rifle 10030: 10019:Machine guns 10005: 9942: 9804: 9778: 9768: 9733: 9638: 9607:Organization 9560: 9514:Naval units: 9513: 9509:Signal corps 9471: 9439:Development: 9438: 9428: 9407:Border guard 9370:Intelligence 9354: 9293:Armed Forces 9291: 9260: 9221: 9179: 9135: 9075:Online books 9065: 9031: 9024: 9017: 9010: 9003: 8993: 8982:. Retrieved 8962: 8949:. Retrieved 8929: 8920: 8910: 8903: 8896: 8867: 8859: 8848:. Retrieved 8828: 8819: 8812: 8800: 8789: 8782: 8774: 8766: 8757: 8754:Keegan, John 8743:. Retrieved 8733: 8717:. Retrieved 8707: 8695: 8685: 8675: 8664:. Retrieved 8648: 8639: 8632: 8625: 8611: 8588: 8557: 8548: 8540: 8533: 8527:The Yanomamo 8526: 8517: 8506: 8497: 8486: 8475: 8466: 8458:Bibliography 8444:. Retrieved 8425: 8413:. Retrieved 8401: 8388: 8363: 8351:. Retrieved 8336: 8323: 8311:. Retrieved 8300: 8291: 8279:. Retrieved 8263: 8257: 8237: 8232:, Jul. 2012. 8230:CFM Research 8229: 8224: 8200: 8193: 8181:. Retrieved 8172: 8144: 8132: 8120:. Retrieved 8111: 8101: 8089:. Retrieved 8085:the original 8080: 8070: 8058:. Retrieved 8054: 8044: 8032:. Retrieved 8028:the original 8023: 8020:"Conclusion" 7999:the original 7986: 7982: 7969: 7955:. Retrieved 7951:the original 7941: 7922: 7918: 7867:. Retrieved 7853: 7828: 7824: 7818: 7799: 7776: 7756: 7740: 7721: 7717: 7707: 7695:. Retrieved 7675: 7668: 7635: 7631: 7613: 7602: 7597: 7579: 7561: 7543: 7528: 7511: 7506: 7498: 7493: 7481:. Retrieved 7461: 7454: 7435: 7416: 7398: 7386:. Retrieved 7375: 7366: 7354:. Retrieved 7345: 7336: 7324:. Retrieved 7315: 7306: 7283: 7277: 7254: 7248: 7236:. Retrieved 7217: 7202: 7197: 7188:, New York: 7185: 7177: 7160: 7156: 7150: 7142: 7127: 7119: 7114: 7106: 7101: 7093: 7089: 7070: 7061: 7053: 7048: 7030: 7024: 7011:. Retrieved 7002: 6992: 6983: 6971:. Retrieved 6961: 6953: 6948: 6940: 6935: 6926: 6918: 6913: 6898: 6893: 6885: 6880: 6868:. Retrieved 6861:the original 6856: 6852: 6839: 6829: 6825: 6813:. Retrieved 6793: 6789:Marc Pilisuk 6783: 6771:. Retrieved 6767:the original 6757: 6749: 6740: 6728:. Retrieved 6724:the original 6720:Emayzine.com 6719: 6709: 6690: 6684: 6654:(1): 41–60. 6651: 6647: 6641: 6633: 6621: 6617: 6608: 6594: 6579: 6572: 6557: 6545:. Retrieved 6536: 6527: 6515:. Retrieved 6495: 6488: 6476:. Retrieved 6467: 6458: 6446:. 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Retrieved 4449: 4437: 4419: 4416:lex talionis 4415: 4389: 4347: 4322:World War II 4315: 4308: 4302: 4279: 4272: 4267:Jus in bello 4265: 4264: 4259: 4250:In besieged 4240: 4239: 4234:jus in bello 4232: 4226: 4220: 4213: 4202: 4182:and various 4176: 4142: 4136: 4096: 4081: 4078:System-level 4069: 4047: 4027: 4014: 3996:James Fearon 3973: 3964: 3959: 3952: 3923: 3907: 3856: 3851: 3836: 3828: 3787:Karl Kautsky 3772: 3729: 3726:Resource war 3687: 3683: 3644: 3632: 3624: 3615:Evolutionary 3595: 3582: 3571: 3547:displacement 3529: 3517: 3498: 3486:World War II 3484: 3480:World War II 3466:World War II 3448:World War II 3441: 3430: 3409:were around 3407:Soviet Union 3400: 3392:malnutrition 3362: 3350: 3336:On civilians 3310: 3299:Crow Indians 3277: 3270: 3263: 3256: 3251: 3244: 3237: 3226: 3130:Ming dynasty 3128:conquest of 3126:Qing dynasty 3062:13th century 3046:World War II 3016:World War II 3009: 2985: 2965:World War II 2962: 2937:million to 2 2927: 2923:World War II 2911: 2793: 2782: 2771: 2752: 2744: 2734: 2732: 2583:Cyberwarfare 2551:cyberwarfare 2530:Cold warfare 2500:belligerents 2490:Types of war 2470: 2443: 2422: 2414: 2403: 2376: 2374: 2370:Jebel Sahaba 2368:cemetery in 2359: 2241: 2239: 2230:human nature 2223: 2198: 2179:governmental 2170: 2166: 2165: 2066:Fifth column 2046:War resister 2041:Women in war 1936:Peacekeeping 1881:Arms control 1826: 1515:Mobilization 1510:Conscription 1468:Intelligence 1421:Organization 1067: 996:Encirclement 876:Radiological 812:Conventional 666:Subterranean 573:Development: 572: 549: 511: 473: 436:Naval units: 435: 428:Signal corps 395: 373:Intelligence 358:Specialties: 357: 282:Organization 233:Early modern 174: 53: 47: 13973:Geopolitics 13852:Sovereignty 13832:Imperialism 13745:Colonialism 13730:Appeasement 13645:Warsaw Pact 13273:(1835–1840) 13153:(c. 350 BC) 13143:(c. 375 BC) 12760:Tocqueville 12725:Saint-Simon 12690:Montesquieu 12541:Bolingbroke 12473:Machiavelli 12353:Ibn Khaldun 12318:Alpharabius 12311:Middle Ages 12136:Natural law 12111:Common good 12036:Nationalism 11996:Imperialism 11966:Corporatism 11941:Colonialism 11921:Agrarianism 11900:Technocracy 11880:Meritocracy 11860:Bureaucracy 11850:Aristocracy 11553:War concept 11435:Categories: 11376:Disarmament 11293:World War I 11052:Cooperation 10966:Culminating 10890:Operational 10835:Envelopment 10755:Information 10674:Cold-region 10641:Battlespace 10499:Late modern 10479:Prehistoric 10401:Historical: 10338:Facilities: 9864:Armored car 9739:Naval fleet 9477:Combat arms 9472:Land units: 9429:Categories: 9412:Coast guard 9397:Gendarmerie 9320:Space force 9261:Categories: 9175:Recruitment 8729:James, Paul 8703:James, Paul 7831:(3): 7–52. 7803:Point 6 in 7780:Quote from 6416:: 361–377. 6175:26 February 5918:Études Song 5897:– cited by 5645:16 November 5589:15 November 5527:Haase, Hugo 5260:objectives. 5163:27 February 4665:(1): 9991. 4566:James, Paul 4336:. Protests 4326:Vietnam War 4318:World War I 4054:World War I 3987:game theory 3975:Rationalism 3970:Rationalist 3914:youth bulge 3889:Youth bulge 3825:Demographic 3803:imperialism 3779:imperialist 3680:by 900 CE. 3635:chimpanzees 3628:competition 3539:John Bowlby 3456:World War I 3390:by 10% and 3306: 1874 3288:World War I 3145:World War I 3026:(millions) 2919:World War I 2637:laws of war 2524:World War I 2428:nuclear war 2246:Old English 2226:war studies 2224:While some 2051:War studies 1874:Non-warfare 1802:Appeasement 1767:Martial law 1606:War economy 1545:Transgender 1498:Recruitment 1258:Containment 1143:Culminating 1051:Operational 971:Envelopment 914:Air assault 795:Air cavalry 755:Air defence 735:Information 636:Cold-region 601:Battlespace 550:Historical: 396:Land units: 322:Space force 317:Coast guard 250:Late modern 211:Prehistoric 14019:Categories 13927:Liberalism 13872:Friendship 13857:Suzerainty 13481:Separatism 13289:On Liberty 13189:The Prince 12918:Huntington 12421:Campanella 12348:al-Ghazali 12297:Thucydides 12255:Lactantius 12200:Statolatry 12026:Monarchism 12006:Liberalism 11931:Capitalism 11914:Ideologies 11895:Plutocracy 11843:Government 11799:Revolution 11784:Propaganda 11734:Legitimacy 11709:Government 11563:Civil wars 11324:Categories 11170:War crimes 11155:Operations 11092:Government 10908:Blitzkrieg 10880:Withdrawal 10731:Underwater 10706:Amphibious 10648:Aerospace 10591:Electronic 10541:Camouflage 10536:Biological 10509:fourth-gen 10504:industrial 10333:Body armor 10321:Camouflage 10302:By country 10147:By country 9958:By country 9943:Artillery: 9857:By country 9774:Combat box 9744:Task force 9712:By country 9695:By country 9649:Field army 9644:Army group 9612:By country 9561:Air units: 9541:Submarines 9422:By country 9249:By country 9165:Technology 8984:19 October 8951:19 October 8850:19 October 8762:. Pimlico. 8745:3 December 8719:3 December 8633:Beyond War 7957:7 February 7925:: 139–65. 7013:6 February 7005:. London. 6104:24 January 6078:24 January 6048:5 December 6023:24 January 5997:24 January 5987:Britannica 5967:24 January 5941:24 January 4906:Kolko 1994 4799:10 January 4729:24 January 4582:3 December 4463:7 December 4430:References 4420:beforehand 4324:, and the 4207:(1871) by 4186:, such as 4145:Liberalism 4107:neorealist 4105:, and the 4052:following 4038:groupthink 3941:, and the 3898:Median age 3833:Malthusian 3783:capitalism 3724:See also: 3651:deterrence 3619:See also: 3567:ideologies 3551:projection 3543:inherently 3512:See also: 3490:war effort 3425:See also: 3372:population 3340:See also: 3330:Royal Navy 3001:propaganda 2759:Lebensraum 2741:Definition 2699:propaganda 2691:biowarfare 2675:subversion 2657:war effort 2589:Insurgency 2569:biological 2555:proxy wars 2464:, and the 2446:Korean War 2424:Mao Zedong 2366:Mesolithic 2328:, meaning 2262:Old French 2219:casualties 2111:War crimes 2101:Operations 2008:Foot drill 1978:Battle cry 1891:deterrence 1550:Harassment 1525:Specialism 1348:Technology 1343:Succession 1288:Liberation 1223:Asymmetric 1158:Empty fort 1069:Blitzkrieg 1038:Withdrawal 1001:Investment 780:Camouflage 775:Biological 713:Underwater 688:Amphibious 607:Aerospace 474:Air units: 451:Submarines 260:fourth-gen 255:industrial 243:napoleonic 14045:Conflicts 13963:Diplomacy 13867:Bilateral 13765:Grey-zone 13718:Coalition 13677:1919–1939 13672:1814–1919 13667:1648–1814 13199:Leviathan 13179:Monarchia 13173:(c. 1274) 13008:Oakeshott 12953:Mansfield 12948:Luxemburg 12933:Kropotkin 12828:Bernstein 12781:centuries 12695:Nietzsche 12638:Jefferson 12566:Condorcet 12514:centuries 12493:Pufendorf 12358:Marsilius 12245:Confucius 12230:Aristotle 12223:Antiquity 12151:Noble lie 12071:Third Way 12066:Socialism 11991:Feudalism 11946:Communism 11926:Anarchism 11905:Theocracy 11890:Oligarchy 11870:Democracy 11855:Autocracy 11769:Pluralism 11754:Obedience 11719:Hierarchy 11679:Authority 11583:Terrorism 11543:Conflicts 11191:Templates 11062:Mediation 11042:Alliances 11035:Diplomacy 11011:Offensive 10991:Defensive 10986:Deception 10956:Attrition 10840:Guerrilla 10788:Airbridge 10606:Loitering 10526:Artillery 10464:Diplomacy 10285:Equipment 10239:Torpedoes 10181:Land mine 10137:Anti-tank 9970:Field gun 9948:Artillery 9884:Gun truck 9869:Scout car 9707:Battalion 9600:Structure 9499:Artillery 9417:Logistics 9365:Engineers 9310:Air force 8832:. Massa. 8060:4 October 7782:Iain King 7190:Routledge 6676:154484756 6668:1471-6372 6478:6 January 6300:. p. 53. 5717:144946896 5615:5 October 5555:25 August 5507:24 August 5462:24 August 5418:24 August 5406:. Books. 5379:24 August 5340:24 August 5296:24 August 5253:25 August 5204:18 August 5124:CRC Press 5087:1080-6040 5030:1469-221X 4766:cite news 4687:2045-2322 4547:, p. 67, 4515:"Warfare" 4350:ceasefire 4307:document 4281:society. 4252:Leningrad 4164:in-group 4034:Iain King 3755:and U.S. 3714:oil wells 3559:religions 3474:Ruins of 3207:1917–1922 3192:1862–1877 3181:Tamerlane 3176:1370–1405 3161:1937–1945 3141:1914–1918 3122:1616–1662 3086:1850–1864 3042:1939–1945 2941:billion. 2695:sanctions 2687:espionage 2679:diversion 2633:Total war 2603:computers 2547:espionage 2410:gunpowder 2395:massacres 2325:verwirren 2306:Old Saxon 2236:Etymology 2213:or other 2203:Total war 2192:irregular 1998:War novel 1901:Grey-zone 1861:War games 1822:Overmatch 1772:War crime 1722:Desertion 1712:Ceasefire 1707:Armistice 1594:Logistics 1572:Mercenary 1560:Volunteer 1491:Personnel 1463:Engineers 1408:Sociology 1363:World war 1358:Total war 1338:Strategic 1328:Religious 1313:Political 1308:Perpetual 1283:Irregular 1198:Offensive 1173:Defensive 1168:Deception 1128:Attrition 981:Guerrilla 976:Formation 919:Airbridge 851:Loitering 765:Artillery 418:Artillery 368:Engineers 336:Irregular 307:Air force 14040:Violence 13922:Feminism 13775:Idealism 13770:Hegemony 13723:Military 13708:Alliance 13701:Concepts 13687:Cold War 13569:Glossary 13454:Centrism 13149:Politics 13139:Republic 13108:Voegelin 13088:Spengler 13073:Shariati 13048:Rothbard 13003:Nussbaum 12903:Habermas 12878:Fukuyama 12868:Foucault 12793:Ambedkar 12770:Voltaire 12740:de Staël 12715:Rousseau 12596:Franklin 12571:Constant 12531:Beccaria 12363:Muhammad 12343:Gelasius 12328:Averroes 12302:Xenophon 12282:Polybius 12235:Chanakya 12080:Concepts 12046:Populism 12016:Localism 12001:Islamism 11986:Feminism 11885:Monarchy 11789:Property 11779:Progress 11744:Monopoly 11714:Hegemony 11457:Category 11381:Pacifism 11311:Cold War 11268:Aircraft 11087:Related: 10938:Strategy 10923:Maneuver 10860:Swarming 10689:Mountain 10657:Airborne 10596:Infantry 10551:Chemical 10516:By type: 10444:Strategy 10267:Missiles 10195:Sea/Air: 10164:Infantry 10125:Missiles 9982:Howitzer 9798:Vehicles 9764:Squadron 9759:Flotilla 9754:Division 9690:Regiment 9666:Division 9566:Fighters 9529:Littoral 9519:Warships 9482:Infantry 9464:Branches 9350:Reserves 9335:Commando 9239:Uniforms 9150:Military 9143:Concepts 9132:Military 9002:(2013). 8978:Archived 8945:Archived 8872:Archived 8844:Archived 8799:(1994). 8756:(1994). 8739:Archived 8713:Archived 8666:19 March 8657:Archived 8516:(1935). 8440:Archived 8406:Archived 8377:Archived 8344:Archived 8340:, London 8307:Archived 8272:Archived 8246:Archived 8183:1 August 8177:Archived 8143:(2001). 8137:Ian Dear 8122:1 August 8116:Archived 8091:1 August 8034:1 August 7964:and war. 7863:Archived 7808:Archived 7789:Archived 7765:Archived 7724:: 1–30. 7697:19 March 7691:Archived 7660:38573183 7587:Archived 7569:Archived 7551:Archived 7518:Archived 7477:Archived 7444:Archived 7441:(online) 7425:Archived 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4127:polarity 3949:Cultural 3910:Heinsohn 3757:Generals 3718:Gulf War 3712:Kuwaiti 3704:Economic 3674:collapse 3600:— 3586:Napoleon 3421:Economic 3384:genocide 3369:civilian 3313:Napoleon 3261:— 3258:degrees. 3242:— 2735:war aims 2683:sabotage 2643:, using 2607:networks 2573:chemical 2477:Cold War 2458:Gulf War 2439:Gulf War 2277:Frankish 2211:civilian 2184:violence 2013:War song 1988:War film 1621:Materiel 1540:Children 1520:Training 1458:Medicine 1443:Doctrine 1398:Training 1333:Resource 1318:Princely 1268:Economic 1253:Conquest 1248:Colonial 1243:Cold war 1228:Blockade 1113:Strategy 1085:Maneuver 846:Infantry 802:Chemical 656:Mountain 616:Airborne 479:Fighters 446:Warships 401:Infantry 327:Reserves 275:Military 129:2500 BCE 13942:Realism 13932:Marxism 13795:Liberal 13713:Entente 13659:History 13587:Present 13491:Statism 13404:Elitism 13362:Related 13163:(51 BC) 13093:Strauss 13068:Scruton 13063:Schmitt 13053:Russell 12973:Michels 12968:Maurras 12963:Marcuse 12923:Kautsky 12893:Gramsci 12888:Gentile 12858:Dworkin 12848:Du Bois 12843:Dmowski 12838:Chomsky 12833:Burnham 12818:Benoist 12788:Agamben 12755:Thoreau 12745:Stirner 12735:Spencer 12680:Mazzini 12670:Maistre 12665:Madison 12660:Le Play 12591:Fourier 12556:Carlyle 12536:Bentham 12526:Bastiat 12521:Bakunin 12498:Spinoza 12488:Müntzer 12458:Leibniz 12431:Grotius 12411:Bossuet 12378:Plethon 12323:Aquinas 12292:Sun Tzu 12260:Mencius 12250:Han Fei 12021:Marxism 11981:Fascism 11814:Society 11739:Liberty 11724:Justice 11704:Freedom 11603:Battles 11593:Warfare 11573:Attacks 11468:Commons 11386:Détente 11349:Related 11241:Weapons 11209:Weapons 11175:Writers 11145:Battles 11125:Weapons 10830:Foxhole 10805:Cavalry 10793:Airdrop 10783:Airlift 10765:Tactics 10726:Surface 10616:Nuclear 10601:Lawfare 10546:Cavalry 10531:Barrage 10484:Ancient 10474:By era: 10449:Tactics 10426:Warfare 10107:Bayonet 10090:Grenade 10073:Bazooka 10014:Pistols 9963:Battery 9931:Weapons 9917:Weapons 9805:Ground: 9724:Platoon 9717:By type 9700:By type 9683:By type 9678:Brigade 9576:Command 9571:Bombers 9524:Surface 9492:Cavalry 9387:Medical 9345:Militia 9340:Frogman 9315:Marines 9254:Highest 9205:Officer 9185:Soldier 9160:History 9155:Service 8690:excerpt 8688:(2010) 8680:excerpt 8446:6 March 8415:6 March 8353:6 March 8313:6 March 8281:6 March 7869:9 April 7845:1096131 7652:2706903 7316:Reuters 7212:, 1997. 7192:, 2004. 6344:2440905 6140:《中国人口史》 5776:4340604 5096:2732530 5039:1490304 4892:, From 4696:8159958 4667:Bibcode 4258:'." – 4166:bonding 3807:markets 3775:Marxist 3763:Marxist 3694:Chewong 3676:of the 3655:revenge 3605:at the 3563:nations 3415:million 3311:During 3106:755–763 2798:Effects 2723:Taliban 2649:tactics 2645:weapons 2565:nuclear 2342:History 2260:, from 2199:Warfare 2188:regular 2126:Writers 2121:Weapons 2086:Battles 2035:Related 2023:Wargame 2018:Uniform 1966:Culture 1747:Perfidy 1742:Justice 1663:Science 1648:Outpost 1601:History 1581:Warrior 1577:Soldier 1565:foreign 1503:counter 1403:Service 1353:Theater 1293:Limited 1273:Endemic 1188:Nuclear 961:Foxhole 936:Cavalry 924:Airdrop 909:Airlift 894:Tactics 866:Nuclear 856:Missile 785:Cavalry 770:Barrage 748:Weapons 708:Surface 489:Command 484:Bombers 441:Frogman 411:Cavalry 383:Medical 350:Militia 332:Regular 312:Marines 226:castles 216:Ancient 204:History 183:outline 13904:Theory 13862:Treaty 13750:Crisis 13353:(1992) 13343:(1971) 13333:(1951) 13323:(1945) 13313:(1944) 13303:(1929) 13293:(1859) 13283:(1848) 13263:(1820) 13253:(1791) 13243:(1790) 13233:(1762) 13223:(1748) 13213:(1689) 13203:(1651) 13193:(1532) 13183:(1313) 13113:Walzer 13103:Taylor 13058:Sartre 13023:Popper 13018:Pareto 13013:Ortega 12998:Nozick 12988:Mouffe 12938:Laclau 12898:Guénon 12883:Gandhi 12823:Berlin 12813:Bauman 12808:Badiou 12798:Arendt 12765:Tucker 12655:Le Bon 12616:Herder 12606:Haller 12601:Godwin 12586:Fichte 12581:Engels 12576:Cortés 12546:Bonald 12503:Suárez 12478:Milton 12468:Luther 12441:Hobbes 12426:Filmer 12416:Calvin 12401:Boétie 12394:period 12373:Ockham 12240:Cicero 12041:Nazism 11829:Utopia 11804:Rights 11794:Regime 11764:People 11749:Nation 11460: 11160:Sieges 11097:Nation 11026:Policy 10981:Mosaic 10976:Fabian 10875:Trench 10845:Morale 10810:Charge 10800:Battle 10778:Aerial 10743:Tunnel 10684:Jungle 10679:Desert 10576:Denial 10454:Combat 10439:Battle 10309:Helmet 10255:Aerial 10186:Shells 10176:Other: 10159:Lists: 10154:Mortar 9994:Rocket 9822:Combat 9810:Ground 9734:Naval: 9534:Patrol 9275:Forces 9195:Airman 9190:Sailor 9180:Roles: 9063:about 8970: 8937: 8915:online 8889: 8836: 8597: 8574: 8534:On War 8212: 8151: 7843: 7748: 7683: 7658: 7650: 7607:online 7483:31 May 7469: 7294: 7265: 7077: 7039:935783 7037: 6905: 6886:On War 6815:31 May 6801: 6773:4 July 6730:4 July 6697: 6674: 6666: 6517:31 May 6503: 6351: 6341: 6304: 6232:31 May 6218: 5893: 5783: 5773: 5755:Lancet 5715: 5680:Nature 5541: 5493: 5448: 5386:etc.). 5365: 5326: 5282: 5239: 5130: 5103: 5093: 5085: 5046: 5036: 5028: 4851:31 May 4837: 4756:8 June 4703: 4693: 4685: 4551: 4499:7 July 4344:Pauses 4225:, are 4194:Ethics 3977:is an 3931:Nazism 3902:Africa 3863:famine 3590:Hitler 3530:Dutch 3476:Warsaw 3454:, and 3413: 3365:famine 3328:, the 3317:typhus 3024:Deaths 2988:famine 2957:, and 2939: 2935: 2930: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2729:, 2009 2671:covert 2460:, the 2456:, the 2452:, the 2448:, the 2319:werran 2310:werran 2272:guerre 2269:(also 2248:words 2175:states 2169:is an 2106:Sieges 1790:Theory 1530:Morale 1388:Policy 1383:Branch 1163:Mosaic 1153:Fabian 1100:Covert 1033:Trench 1018:Screen 941:Charge 931:Battle 904:Aerial 822:Denial 790:Horses 718:Seabed 671:Tunnel 651:Jungle 641:Desert 611:Aerial 159:, 1945 153:, 1944 147:, 1916 141:, 1812 135:, 1066 38:, and 13887:Peace 13842:Power 13837:Peace 13594:BRICS 13502:Index 13131:Works 13118:Weber 13083:Spann 13078:Sorel 13043:Röpke 13038:Rawls 12993:Negri 12983:Mosca 12978:Mises 12943:Lenin 12913:Hoppe 12908:Hayek 12873:Fromm 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