317:
2507:
282:
305:
4157:
2521:
329:
62:
403:
2575:
2583:
2794:
2665:
1127:). Geddes (1908), the oldest authority on any variety of French spoken in Northern Acadia, records of the morphosyntactic characteristics of "true" Acadian spoken in the South and adjacent islands to the West.
2576:"Ethnic Origin (232), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Responses (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas 1 and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data"
2707:
identical to Quebec French. North
Acadian is believed to have resulted from a localized levelling of contact dialects between Québécois and Acadian settlers. Cf. Wittmann, Henri (1995) "
517:
Since there was relatively little linguistic contact with France from the late 18th century to the 20th century, Acadian French retained features that died out during the French
3240:
1087:
The following words and expressions are most commonly restricted to
Acadian French south of the Miramichi River, but some are also used north of the Miramichi River and in
2900:
3233:
618:
and even of other
Canadian varieties of French sometimes have difficulty understanding Acadian French. Within North America, its closest relative is
2852:
2616:
3861:
2835:
3226:
1361:: 'a fearful character of fairy tales who would visit unpleasant deeds upon young children if they did not go to bed at the designated hour'.
4054:
1095:
for the
Montreal version of Quebec French. The Miramichi line is an isogloss separating South Acadian (archaic or "true" Acadian) from the
973:
The ⟨oi⟩ spelling has different pronunciations. Old speakers pronounce it , because the traditional
Parisian pronunciation was like this:
614:
Many aspects of
Acadian French (vocabulary and "trill r", etc.) are still common in rural areas in the South West of France. Speakers of
2893:
2772:
1103:(Madawaskan) and Quebec French (Laurentian French). South Acadian typically has morphosyntactic features such as … ]] (as in
4069:
2886:
1025:
Consonant clusters finishing a word are reduced, often losing altogether the last or two last consonants in informal speech:
1749:: 'traditional Acadian stew prepared with chicken, potatoes, onions, carrots, dumplings (lumps of dough), and seasoned with
3107:
1060:(ComiersAcad) includes the majority of Acadian regionalisms. From a syntactic point of view, a major feature is the use of
425:
3945:
2856:
2710:
Grammaire comparée des variétés coloniales du français populaire de Paris du 17 siècle et origines du français québécois
2495:
in spoken conversation. In most modern dialects of French, the tense is only used in formal writing and formal speech.
2703:
Although superficially a phonological descendant of South
Acadian French, analysis reveals North Acadian French to be
2373:: 'din' (also refers to an Acadian noisemaking tradition whereby people gather in the streets and parade through town)
3955:
3902:
641:, a distinct variety of Acadian French spoken around Clare, Tusket, Nova Scotia and also Moncton, New Brunswick.
415:
2422:
381:
3467:
3186:
2598:
1305:: 'a piece of machinery or tool of sorts that no longer works properly', e.g. "My car is a lemon so it is a
3685:
622:
spoken in
Southern Louisiana since both were born out of the same population that were affected during the
3777:
3638:
3392:
2868:
1042:
1032:
1000:
984:
967:
957:
947:
941:
934:
924:
914:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
713:
709:
663:
659:
589:
585:
526:
3940:
3437:
3387:
2955:
3447:
3970:
3531:
2975:
2970:
2934:
2484:
3516:
3166:
1114:
4074:
3935:
623:
163:
148:
4084:
3679:
4182:
4059:
751:
375:
4079:
2759:
1109:"we speak") that distinguishes it from dialects to the north or elsewhere in the Americas such as
4187:
3950:
3479:
3297:
3292:
3249:
2965:
2795:"New insights on an old rivalry: The passé simple and the passé composé in spoken Acadian French"
168:
158:
138:
4008:
3668:
2632:
Le français acadien: analyse syntaxique d'un corpus oral recueilli au
Nouveau-Brunswick, Canada
3743:
3867:
3754:
3643:
3550:
2767:
1173:: 'thing, thingy, also the way things join together: the joint or union of two things' (Fr:
979:('king') . But in modern standard Acadian French, it is pronounced . Even where there is no
4141:
4064:
4033:
3895:
3764:
3633:
3374:
2555:
2512:
2480:
1188:
1003:, but old speakers pronounce it , while modern speakers pronounce it as in Quebec French:
638:
322:
95:
3834:
3737:
2456:
1787:
of a ship's masts') 'to describe a woman's attire or decoration of a youngster's bicycle'.
8:
3960:
3653:
3511:
3473:
3302:
3087:
3008:
2909:
2860:
1590:
615:
573:( (France)/ or (Quebec)/ ), the ‹e› can be pronounced or not, but ‹-nt› is always silent.
3823:
3275:
173:
3796:
3452:
3414:
3345:
3312:
3218:
3145:
3120:
2636:
2545:
2146:
3462:
3115:
367:
4100:
3788:
3623:
3491:
3442:
3325:
2998:
2814:
2693:
2610:
2550:
2014:
389:
220:
153:
20:
3335:
2652:
2151:: 'a ball made of grated potato with pork in the centre', a traditional Acadian dish
421:
4110:
4017:
3829:
3783:
3759:
3708:
3703:
3691:
3568:
3496:
3340:
3330:
3284:
3125:
2993:
2878:
2806:
2539:
634:
619:
143:
24:
4160:
4115:
4023:
3986:
3965:
3888:
3817:
3749:
3719:
3618:
3541:
3521:
3501:
3355:
3264:
3135:
3045:
3036:
2985:
2918:
2872:
2704:
2534:
2526:
2054:
1096:
563:
518:
498:
486:
257:
178:
130:
51:
3409:
3130:
3092:
2490:
2159:: 'a portable wheeled boating pier pulled out of the water to avoid ice damage'.
1593:' that are a distinctive and unusual structural feature of early Acadian houses.
1118:
4028:
3854:
3673:
3663:
3506:
3457:
3404:
3381:
3320:
3161:
3140:
3097:
3003:
2939:
2926:
2839:
2464:
1066:
for the first-person singular and plural; the same phenomenon takes place with
530:
262:
246:
3578:
2810:
4176:
4131:
3658:
3485:
3419:
3399:
3207:
3053:
3026:
2960:
2818:
1750:
1088:
534:
287:
230:
111:
87:
987:
and the phoneme is pronounced as in formal speech but in informal speech:
567:(they eat), is still pronounced, unlike standard French (France and Quebec)
3648:
3526:
3021:
2720:
2460:
2328:
1110:
253:
215:
1901:: (literally 'loosening a ship's mooring lines') 'to let go of any object'
4136:
3771:
3573:
2414:
667:
651:
310:
91:
3583:
4038:
3930:
3731:
3602:
3596:
3589:
3013:
2368:
2352:
2331:
2082:
1912:
traiter durement, malmener, fatiguer, affaiblir, endommager, détériorer
980:
225:
2685:
Study of the
Acadian-French language spoken on the north shore of the
3562:
2418:
2347:
2270:
2114:
1775:: 'spring cleaning', often more comprehensive than in other cultures.
360:
348:
2719:. Trois-Rivières: Presses universitaires de Trois-Rivières, 281–334.
4013:
2520:
577:
According to Wiesmath (2006), some characteristics of Acadian are:
494:
456:
433:
2085:, New Brunswick, also common in Acadian communities in Maine (Fr:
3556:
1784:
1206:
546:
In nonstandard Acadian French, the third-person plural ending of
429:
402:
107:
61:
4105:
4001:
3925:
3911:
3725:
3713:
3696:
3430:
3191:
3070:
3063:
2266:
1561:: 'what, or asking for information specifying something'. (Fr:
1100:
506:
474:
334:
99:
67:
2865:
716:
often become (sometimes ) before a front vowel. For example,
611:
These features typically occur in the speech of older people.
3996:
3628:
3425:
3369:
3080:
3058:
2866:
Les Éditions de la Piquine Online Acadian Glossary with audio
2793:
Comeau, Philip; King, Ruth; Butler, Gary R. (November 2012).
2076:
1966:
1092:
805:
In words, "re" is often pronounced "er". For instance :
630:
502:
103:
878:
Acadian French has maintained phonemic distinctions between
2653:"PHONO: Caractéristiques phonétiques du français québécois"
547:
501:, Canada. Acadian French has 7 regional accents, including
1977:: (lit. 'pagan') 'hick, uneducated person, peasant' (Fr: )
537:, but modern speakers pronounce it as in Parisian French:
432:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
3880:
2599:""Our 32 accents" Series: QUÉBEC x 8 – Post 3 of 7 (#88)"
2483:, a conservative dialect of Acadian French spoken in the
1350:
causer une confusion, déranger l'ordre régulier et établi
983:, there are some words which are phonemically pronounced
3248:
2071:: 'having or showing determined courage' (lit. 'plucky')
1072:
for the third persons. Acadian still differentiates the
944:
is realized as and it is the same as Parisian French.
2350:, an edible green plant that grows in salt marshes' (
2017:
casserole of mashed potatoes, ground meat, and corn'.
1375:
meaning 'the other side (of a street, river, etc.');
1325:) flanked by two storage bays adjacent to the eaves'.
950:
is open to or closed to , it depends on the region:
2908:
2502:
2284:
tchequ'affaire, tchequ'chouse, quètchose, quotchose
2141:: 'a meat pie of venison, rabbits, and game birds'.
1381:meaning 'changing sides (in a team competition)';
2269:woman, traditionally associated with medicine or
581:The verbal ending -ont in the third person plural
4174:
2792:
1629:: (literally 'a ship's ladder') 'stairway' (Fr:
1387:meaning 'turning back or retracing one's steps'.
999:('nut') or . The ⟨oî⟩ spelling is phonemically
734:becomes . (This pronunciation led to the word Ca
4070:Collège de Technologie forestière des Maritimes
2487:region, is notable for maintaining use of the
1159:, literally 'to complete') 'a while ago' (Fr:
1019:
3896:
3234:
2894:
2713:." in Fournier, Robert & Henri Wittmann.
2597:Blog 101, Quebec Culture (14 November 2014).
1909:: 'to overwork, wear out, tire, weaken' (Fr:
1876:simple d'esprit, bête, qui manque de jugement
2714:
2708:
2686:
2488:
2472:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2398:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2366:
2358:
2341:
2322:
2314:
2308:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2274:
2260:
2252:
2246:
2238:
2232:
2224:
2218:
2210:
2204:
2196:
2190:
2182:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2154:
2144:
2136:
2128:
2122:
2108:
2100:
2099:: 'not', or a similar term of negation (Fr:
2094:
2086:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2048:
2040:
2034:
2026:
2020:
2008:
2000:
1994:
1986:
1980:
1972:
1960:
1952:
1946:
1938:
1924:
1918:
1910:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1882:
1874:
1868:
1860:
1854:
1846:
1840:
1832:
1826:
1818:
1812:
1804:
1798:
1790:
1778:
1770:
1762:
1756:
1744:
1736:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1708:
1700:
1694:
1686:
1680:
1672:
1666:
1658:
1652:
1644:
1638:
1630:
1624:
1616:
1610:
1602:
1596:
1584:
1576:
1570:
1562:
1556:
1548:
1542:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1514:
1508:
1500:
1494:
1486:
1480:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1452:
1446:
1438:
1432:
1424:
1418:
1410:
1404:
1396:
1390:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1356:
1348:
1342:
1334:
1328:
1320:
1314:
1306:
1300:
1292:
1286:
1278:
1272:
1264:
1258:
1250:
1244:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1216:
1210:
1200:
1192:
1182:
1174:
1168:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1140:
1134:
1130:Some examples of "true" Acadian French are:
1122:
1104:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1036:
1026:
1010:
1004:
994:
988:
974:
961:
951:
928:
918:
863:
857:
851:
845:
839:
833:
827:
821:
815:
809:
797:
791:
785:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
729:
723:
717:
701:
695:
689:
683:
677:
671:
602:
596:
568:
557:
551:
538:
43:
3862:varieties with more than 5 million speakers
2615:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2195:: (lit. 'to haul oneself') 'to hurry' (Fr:
784:(the pronoun 'I') is frequently pronounced
521:efforts of the 19th century such as these:
4055:Collège communautaire du Nouveau-Brunswick
3903:
3889:
3241:
3227:
2901:
2887:
1440:chaussure de travail, chaussure d'occasion
401:
60:
16:Variety of French spoken in eastern Canada
1685:: 'to wait; say welcome, to invite' (Fr:
1049:
728:become and in informal Acadian French.
2773:United States Department of the Interior
2629:
2596:
1820:battre ou traiter pauvrement, maltraîter
529:phoneme, Acadian French has retained an
2666:
2381:: 'meat pies', sometimes with potatoes.
1727:: (lit. 'furnace') 'a wood stove, oven'
1347:: 'to confuse, disrupt, unsettle' (Fr:
1319:: 'the central passage through a barn (
426:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
4175:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2081:: 'buckwheat pancake', a tradition of
1099:dialects to the north, North Acadian,
3884:
3222:
2882:
2757:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2397:: 'active, hard-working, brave' (Fr:
1713:: 'loose, wild, of easy virtue' (Fr:
1471:) (also 'to drink fast in one shot',
1437:: 'work shoe, old or used shoe' (Fr:
1221:) (also very common in Quebec French)
562:
1280:avoir de la difficulté, avoir du mal
1238:maintenant, à cette heure, désormais
1873:: 'simple, foolish or stupid' (Fr:
1369:: (literally 'the side of a ship')
666:are commonly replaced by before a
493:) is a variety of French spoken by
13:
3866:Languages between parentheses are
2799:Journal of French Language Studies
2724:
1935:: 'mean or angry' (lit. malignant)
14:
4199:
2846:
2113:: (lit. 'meadow apple') American
1926:lorsque, quand (suivi d'un futur)
644:
4156:
4155:
2910:Varieties of the French language
2669:Dictionnaire du français acadien
2519:
2505:
1915:) (very common in Quebec French)
1879:) (very common in Quebec French)
1767:) (very common in Quebec French)
1741:) (very common in Quebec French)
1539:) (very common in Quebec French)
1491:) (very common in Quebec French)
1477:) (very common in Quebec French)
1429:) (very common in Quebec French)
1401:) (very common in Quebec French)
1311:" (very common in New Brunswick)
1283:) (very common in Quebec French)
1241:) (very common in Quebec French)
1145:) (very common in Quebec French)
1057:Dictionnaire du français acadien
327:
315:
303:
280:
2471:
543:(red) can be pronounced , or .
3870:of the language on their left.
2786:
2697:
2677:
2659:
2645:
2623:
2590:
2568:
2443:('ninety') are instead called
2346:: (lit. 'mouse tit') 'slender
2036:pire à yaller/au pire à yaller
1716:dévergondée, au moeurs légères
754:is quite common. For example,
1:
3187:French-based creole languages
2875:- (Website is only in French)
2829:
1923:: 'when' + future tense (Fr:
1091:(also known as Québécois) or
746:
407:Acadian French-speaking areas
3016:(England, Wales and Ireland)
2542:, also known as Cajun French
2389:: 'in disorder or confusion'
2305:are common in Quebec French)
1943:: 'to be irritated or angry'
1831:: 'to cry out, scream' (Fr:
1277:: 'to have difficulty' (Fr:
512:
7:
2857:Webster's Online Dictionary
2630:Wiesmath, Raphaële (2006).
2498:
2407:
2403:) (common in Quebec French)
2400:actif, laborieux, courageux
1893:) (common in Quebec French)
1859:: 'here; around here' (Fr:
1817:: 'to beat, maltreat' (Fr:
1803:: 'clothes, clothing' (Fr:
1547:: 'peas, green beans' (Fr:
1457:) (common in Quebec French)
1020:Elision of final consonants
491:français acadien, acadjonne
10:
4204:
3971:Royal Proclamation of 2003
3910:
2760:"Acadian Culture in Maine"
2485:St. Marys Bay, Nova Scotia
2173:) 'to fetch, go get' (Fr:
1834:appeler (qqn) à haute voix
1615:: 'proper, properly' (Fr:
497:, mostly in the region of
123:(370,000 cited 1996, 2006)
18:
4150:
4124:
4093:
4075:UNI Financial Cooperation
4047:
3979:
3918:
3845:
3810:
3611:
3540:
3354:
3311:
3283:
3274:
3257:
3200:
3179:
3154:
3106:
3044:
3035:
2984:
2948:
2925:
2916:
2811:10.1017/S0959269511000524
2716:Le français des Amériques
2709:
2687:
2336:Matteuccia struthiopteris
1890:aussi, de même, également
1761:: 'to throw, chuck' (Fr:
872:
796:is frequently pronounced
685:tchel, tcheue, tchuillère
654:typical of Quebec French.
624:Expulsion of the Acadians
470:
462:
452:
444:
412:
400:
388:
374:
358:
346:
341:
293:
275:Official language in
273:
268:
243:
208:
127:
117:
83:
75:
59:
42:
37:
32:
2853:Acadian English Wordlist
2561:
1951:: 'middle, centre' (Fr:
1845:: 'precisely here' (Fr:
1451:: 'drinking binge' (Fr:
1212:(capitule de la) bardane
913:In informal speech, the
650:not to be confused with
633:, a variety with strong
19:Not to be confused with
3250:Gallo-Romance languages
2674:. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
2223:: 'see you later' (Fr:
1657:: 'moment, while' (Fr:
1115:Saint-Barthélemy French
917:vowel is realized as :
682:are usually pronounced
4085:Université Sainte-Anne
4009:Acadian World Congress
2715:
2683:Geddes, James (1908).
2667:Cormier, Yves (2009).
2489:
2473:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2399:
2393:
2385:
2377:
2367:
2359:
2342:
2323:
2315:
2309:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2275:
2261:
2253:
2247:
2239:
2233:
2225:
2219:
2211:
2205:
2197:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2155:
2145:
2137:
2129:
2123:
2109:
2101:
2095:
2087:
2075:
2067:
2059:
2049:
2041:
2035:
2027:
2021:
2009:
2001:
1995:
1987:
1981:
1973:
1961:
1953:
1947:
1939:
1925:
1919:
1911:
1905:
1897:
1889:
1883:
1875:
1869:
1861:
1855:
1847:
1841:
1833:
1827:
1819:
1813:
1805:
1799:
1791:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1757:
1745:
1737:
1731:
1723:
1715:
1709:
1701:
1699:: 'to gross out' (Fr:
1695:
1687:
1681:
1673:
1667:
1659:
1653:
1645:
1639:
1631:
1625:
1618:adéquat, comme il faut
1617:
1611:
1603:
1597:
1585:
1577:
1571:
1563:
1557:
1549:
1543:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1515:
1509:
1501:
1495:
1487:
1481:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1453:
1447:
1439:
1433:
1425:
1423:: 'to cry, weep' (Fr:
1419:
1411:
1405:
1397:
1395:: 'smoke, steam' (Fr:
1391:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1357:
1349:
1343:
1335:
1329:
1321:
1315:
1307:
1301:
1293:
1287:
1279:
1273:
1265:
1259:
1251:
1245:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1217:
1211:
1201:
1193:
1183:
1175:
1169:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1141:
1135:
1123:
1105:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:Vocabulary and grammar
1037:
1027:
1011:
1005:
995:
989:
975:
962:
952:
929:
919:
864:
858:
852:
846:
840:
834:
828:
822:
816:
810:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
730:
724:
718:
702:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
603:
597:
592:to and , respectively
569:
558:
552:
539:
490:
414:This article contains
44:
4080:Université de Moncton
3860:A star (*) indicates
3755:Poitevin-Saintongeais
3686:Labrador Inuit Pidgin
2842:French language page.
2768:National Park Service
2119:Vaccinium macrocarpon
1513:: 'to go crazy' (Fr:
1297:) (Usually 'to yawn')
1162:récemment, tout juste
673:quel, queue, cuillère
564:[i(l)mɑ̃ˈʒɔ̃]
79:Canada, United States
4142:Prince Edward Island
4034:National Acadian Day
2836:Le Glossaire acadien
2556:Saintongeais dialect
2513:United States portal
2481:St. Marys Bay French
1795:: 'a sleeping loft'.
1358:Bonhomme Sept-heures
1124:nous-autres on parle
1121:that have ]] (as in
639:St. Marys Bay French
323:Prince Edward Island
96:Prince Edward Island
3926:Acadia (New France)
3313:Bourbonnais Creoles
2861:The Rosetta Edition
2758:Brassieur, C. Ray.
2705:morphosyntactically
2640:Accessed 5 May 2011
2603:Quebec Culture Blog
2394:vaillant, vaillante
2287:: 'something' (Fr:
2251:: 'they were' (Fr:
1887:: 'also, too' (Fr:
1533:, or, colloquially
1176:chose, truc, machin
1139:: 'to bother' (Fr:
1015:('grow') or , etc.
993:('three') or and
616:Metropolitan French
448:Acadien / Acadienne
295:Recognised minority
66:The modern flag of
3980:People and culture
2871:2013-05-16 at the
2692:. Halle: Niemeyer
2671:. Fides, Editions.
2546:New England French
2446:septante, huitante
2360:salicorne d'Europe
2209:: 'to argue' (Fr:
2039:: 'at worst' (Fr:
2025:: 'bad odor' (Fr:
1575:: 'to cheat' (Fr:
1516:devenir fou, folle
1322:granges acadiennes
1274:avoir de la misère
1229:: (contraction of
1205:: (lit. 'lover') '
1187:: (literally, 'to
584:Palatalization of
4170:
4169:
4101:Acadian Peninsula
4065:L'Acadie Nouvelle
3878:
3877:
3855:extinct languages
3811:Francoprovencalic
3806:
3805:
3789:Wisconsin Walloon
3216:
3215:
3175:
3174:
3017:
2688:Baie-des-Chaleurs
2580:Statistics Canada
2551:Poitevin language
2459:also observed in
2310:tcheque, tcheques
2237:: 'we were' (Fr:
2088:crêpe au sarrasin
1688:attendre, inviter
1465:: 'to sink' (Fr:
1291:: 'to give' (Fr:
1263:: 'earlier' (Fr:
1249:: 'to lean' (Fr:
1191:') 'to tie' (Fr:
1041:('book'/'pound')
1009:('box') or and
760:('Wednesday') is
595:A feature called
480:
479:
440:
439:
422:rendering support
418:phonetic symbols.
221:Old Gallo-Romance
21:Akkadian language
4195:
4159:
4158:
4111:French Canadians
4060:Collège de l'Île
3956:Military history
3905:
3898:
3891:
3882:
3881:
3824:Franco-Provençal
3820:/Faetar-Cigliàje
3709:Louisiana French
3704:Louisiana Creole
3517:Saint-Barthélemy
3285:Antillean Creole
3281:
3280:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3220:
3219:
3167:Saint-Barthélemy
3042:
3041:
3015:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2880:
2879:
2823:
2822:
2790:
2784:
2783:
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2649:
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2635:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2614:
2606:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2586:on Jul 25, 2009.
2582:. Archived from
2572:
2540:Louisiana French
2529:
2524:
2523:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2494:
2476:
2455:respectively, a
2454:
2448:
2442:
2440:quatre-vingt-dix
2436:
2430:
2402:
2396:
2388:
2380:
2372:
2362:
2345:
2343:tétine-de-souris
2326:
2318:
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2298:
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2098:
2090:
2080:
2070:
2062:
2052:
2044:
2038:
2030:
2024:
2012:
2004:
1998:
1990:
1985:: 'clumsy' (Fr:
1984:
1976:
1964:
1956:
1950:
1942:
1928:
1922:
1914:
1908:
1900:
1892:
1886:
1878:
1872:
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1588:
1580:
1574:
1566:
1560:
1552:
1546:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1518:
1512:
1504:
1499:: 'window' (Fr:
1498:
1490:
1484:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1456:
1450:
1442:
1436:
1428:
1422:
1414:
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1394:
1386:
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1318:
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1262:
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1240:
1234:
1228:
1220:
1214:
1204:
1196:
1186:
1178:
1172:
1164:
1158:
1153:: (variation of
1152:
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1138:
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1077:
1071:
1065:
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986:
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759:
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693:
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620:Louisiana French
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572:
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528:
442:
441:
405:
396:
384:
370:
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321:
319:
318:
309:
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297:language in
286:
284:
283:
249:
133:
64:
55:
47:
45:français acadien
38:French of Acadia
30:
29:
25:Louisiana French
4203:
4202:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4183:Acadian culture
4173:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4146:
4120:
4116:French diaspora
4089:
4043:
4024:Acadian cuisine
3987:Acadia (region)
3975:
3966:Robert Monckton
3951:General history
3914:
3909:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3841:
3802:
3720:Moselle Romance
3680:Karipúna Creole
3607:
3536:
3448:Franco-Ontarian
3350:
3307:
3270:
3265:Canadian French
3253:
3247:
3217:
3212:
3196:
3171:
3150:
3102:
3031:
2980:
2944:
2921:
2919:Standard French
2912:
2907:
2873:Wayback Machine
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2564:
2535:Creole language
2527:Language portal
2525:
2518:
2511:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2478:
2437:('eighty') and
2417:communities of
2410:
2313:: 'a few' (Fr:
1783:: (literally, '
1772:le grand mènage
1671:: 'and I' (Fr:
1660:instant, moment
1601:: 'Devil' (Fr:
1474:caler une bière
1468:sombrer, couler
1409:: 'fence' (Fr:
1378:changer de bord
1097:Canadian French
1054:Yves Cormier's
1052:
1022:
875:
772:('poverty') is
749:
670:. For example,
647:
637:influence, and
519:standardization
515:
420:Without proper
408:
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366:
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328:
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316:
314:
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304:
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298:
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281:
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269:Official status
261:
258:French alphabet
250:
245:
239:
211:
204:
164:Western Romance
149:Latino-Faliscan
134:
131:Language family
129:
120:
119:Native speakers
71:
49:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4201:
4191:
4190:
4188:Acadian French
4185:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
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4145:
4144:
4139:
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4042:
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3999:
3992:Acadian French
3989:
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3728:
3723:
3716:
3711:
3706:
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3700:
3699:
3689:
3682:
3677:
3674:Haitian Creole
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3644:Burundi Pidgin
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3615:
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3254:
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3211:
3210:
3208:Français signé
3204:
3202:
3198:
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3195:
3194:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3172:
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3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
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3118:
3112:
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3103:
3101:
3100:
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3085:
3084:
3083:
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3048:
3039:
3037:North American
3033:
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3024:
3019:
3011:
3006:
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2898:
2891:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2863:
2848:
2847:External links
2845:
2844:
2843:
2840:Pascal Poirier
2831:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2805:(3): 315–343.
2785:
2723:
2696:
2676:
2658:
2644:
2634:. l'Hamalthan.
2622:
2589:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2516:
2500:
2497:
2477:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2465:Belgian French
2409:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2364:
2339:
2324:tête de violon
2320:
2306:
2280:
2258:
2244:
2230:
2216:
2202:
2188:
2180:
2176:aller chercher
2160:
2152:
2142:
2134:
2106:
2092:
2072:
2064:
2046:
2032:
2018:
2015:shepherd's pie
2006:
1999:: 'park' (Fr:
1992:
1978:
1970:
1958:
1954:milieu, centre
1944:
1936:
1930:
1916:
1902:
1894:
1880:
1866:
1852:
1838:
1824:
1810:
1796:
1788:
1776:
1768:
1754:
1742:
1735:: 'cold' (Fr:
1728:
1720:
1706:
1692:
1678:
1664:
1650:
1636:
1622:
1608:
1594:
1582:
1568:
1554:
1540:
1527:: 'I am' (Fr:
1520:
1506:
1492:
1478:
1458:
1444:
1430:
1416:
1402:
1388:
1362:
1354:
1340:
1336:jumeau/jumelle
1333:: 'twin' (Fr:
1326:
1312:
1298:
1284:
1270:
1256:
1242:
1222:
1198:
1180:
1166:
1146:
1078:form from the
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
971:
945:
938:
911:
874:
871:
870:
869:
748:
745:
744:
743:
707:
700:is pronounced
646:
645:Palatalization
643:
609:
608:
607:is pronounced
593:
582:
575:
574:
544:
531:alveolar trill
514:
511:
483:Acadian French
478:
477:
472:
468:
467:
464:
460:
459:
454:
450:
449:
446:
438:
437:
424:, you may see
410:
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344:
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342:Language codes
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263:French Braille
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76:Native to
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40:
39:
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33:Acadian French
15:
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3:
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4132:New Brunswick
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3659:Frainc-Comtou
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3565:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3486:Middle French
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3375:St. Marys Bay
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3276:Langues d'oïl
3273:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3244:
3239:
3237:
3232:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3108:United States
3105:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2904:
2899:
2897:
2892:
2890:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2761:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2721:
2717:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2691:
2680:
2673:
2670:
2662:
2654:
2648:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2618:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2567:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2517:
2514:
2503:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2434:quatre-vingts
2431:('seventy'),
2429:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2401:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2290:quelque chose
2285:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2147:poutine râpée
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2096:point, poinne
2093:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:: 'car' (Fr:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1398:fumée, vapeur
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:virer de bord
1379:
1373:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:) 'now' (Fr:
1233:
1232:à cette heure
1227:
1223:
1219:
1218:toque, grakia
1213:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1089:Quebec French
1085:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1039:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1013:
1007:
997:
991:
982:
977:
972:
970:→ or , etc.
964:
954:
946:
939:
931:
921:
912:
877:
876:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
812:
808:
807:
806:
803:
800:
794:
788:
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
753:
741:
737:
732:
726:
720:
708:
704:
698:
692:
686:
680:
674:
669:
658:
657:
656:
655:
653:
642:
640:
636:
632:
627:
625:
621:
617:
612:
605:
599:
594:
583:
580:
579:
578:
571:
565:
560:
554:
549:
545:
541:
536:
535:alveolar flap
532:
524:
523:
522:
520:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
476:
473:
469:
465:
461:
458:
455:
451:
447:
443:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
417:
411:
404:
399:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
363:
362:
357:
353:
350:
345:
340:
336:
324:
312:
300:
292:
289:
288:New Brunswick
278:
272:
267:
264:
259:
255:
252:
248:
242:
232:
231:Middle French
229:
228:
227:
224:
223:
222:
219:
218:
217:
213:
207:
185:
182:
181:
180:
177:
176:
175:
172:
171:
170:
169:Gallo-Romance
167:
166:
165:
162:
161:
160:
159:Italo-Western
157:
156:
155:
152:
151:
150:
147:
146:
145:
142:
141:
140:
139:Indo-European
136:
132:
126:
122:
116:
113:
112:New Hampshire
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
88:New Brunswick
86:
82:
78:
74:
69:
63:
58:
53:
46:
41:
36:
31:
26:
22:
4154:
4048:Institutions
3991:
3850:
3795:
3776:
3765:Saintongeais
3742:
3730:
3718:
3684:
3649:Camfranglais
3595:
3588:
3561:
3551:Anglo-Norman
3549:
3512:Newfoundland
3497:Metropolitan
3484:
3474:Jersey Legal
3472:
3463:Houma French
3364:
3303:Saint Lucian
3258:Areal groups
3252:and dialects
3088:Newfoundland
3075:
3009:Jersey Legal
2802:
2798:
2788:
2776:. Retrieved
2766:
2699:
2684:
2679:
2668:
2661:
2647:
2639:
2631:
2625:
2602:
2592:
2584:the original
2579:
2570:
2491:passé simple
2479:
2474:Passé simple
2461:Swiss French
2428:soixante-dix
2425:the numbers
2415:Nova Scotian
2351:
2335:
2329:ostrich fern
2276:Amérindienne
2206:se badjeuler
2118:
2110:pomme de pré
2010:pâté chinois
1933:malin/maline
1932:
1591:ship's knees
1372:l'autre bord
1129:
1119:Métis French
1111:Cajun French
1086:
1053:
865:s'entretenir
859:s'entertenir
804:
750:
739:
738:un, from Aca
735:
649:
648:
628:
613:
610:
576:
559:ils mangeont
516:
482:
481:
413:
395:fr-u-sd-canb
376:Linguasphere
359:
216:Vulgar Latin
183:
4137:Nova Scotia
3857:or dialects
3744:Petit nègre
3634:Bourbonnais
3579:Guernésiais
3574:Cotentinais
3453:Frenchville
3415:New England
3346:Seychellois
3146:New England
3121:Frenchville
2254:ils étaient
2240:nous étions
2212:se disputer
2198:se dépêcher
1643:: 'I' (Fr:
960:→ or and
668:front vowel
652:affrication
570:ils mangent
556:›, such as
428:instead of
311:Nova Scotia
210:Early forms
92:Nova Scotia
4177:Categories
4039:Tintamarre
3961:Port-Royal
3931:Evangeline
3732:Old French
3654:Champenois
3639:Burgundian
3603:Sercquiais
3597:Old Norman
3590:Law French
3532:Vietnamese
3492:Meridional
3326:Chagossian
2999:Meridional
2971:Vietnamese
2830:References
2457:phenomenon
2378:tourtiéres
2369:tintamarre
2353:Salicornia
2332:fiddlehead
2248:ils étiont
2138:pot-en-pot
2127:; Quebec:
2124:canneberge
2083:Edmundston
2002:stationner
1696:faire zire
1674:et je suis
1612:de service
1215:; Quebec:
1106:je parlons
1031:('table')
981:circumflex
956:('party')
940:The short
752:Metathesis
747:Metathesis
691:tchelqu'un
226:Old French
4125:Provinces
3946:Grand-Pré
3941:Governors
3936:Expulsion
3868:varieties
3853:indicate
3835:Valdôtain
3826:/Arpitan
3797:Zarphatic
3738:Orléanais
3624:Berrichon
3563:Auregnais
3438:Cambodian
3420:Québécois
3341:Rodriguan
3331:Mauritian
3298:Grenadian
3293:Dominican
3155:Caribbean
3126:Louisiana
2956:Cambodian
2819:0959-2695
2778:3 January
2419:Wedgeport
2386:valdrague
2348:glasswort
2296:quètchose
2271:Midewiwin
2226:au revoir
2115:cranberry
1988:maladroit
1806:vêtements
1758:garrocher
1724:fournaise
1572:cotchiner
1550:mangetout
1170:amanchure
966:('case')
923:('step')
829:retourner
823:ertourner
775:pauveurté
731:Braguette
679:quelqu'un
629:See also
513:Phonology
382:51-AAA-ho
361:Glottolog
349:ISO 639-3
4161:Category
4014:Acadians
3830:Savoyard
3760:Poitevin
3669:Guianese
3584:Jèrriais
3569:Cauchois
3522:Standard
3502:Missouri
3443:Francien
3393:Kinshasa
3136:Missouri
3046:Canadian
2986:European
2976:Lebanese
2935:Maghrebi
2869:Archived
2611:cite web
2499:See also
2408:Numerals
2355:europaea
2302:quechose
2262:taweille
2234:j'étions
2192:se haler
2187:: 'just'
2167:: (from
2028:puenteur
1940:marabout
1920:mais que
1870:innocent
1710:farlaque
1702:dégouter
1510:chavirer
1454:beuverie
1420:brâiller
1406:bouchure
1316:batterie
1266:plus tôt
1246:attoquer
1202:amoureux
1194:attacher
1045:→ , etc.
937:→ , etc.
769:pauvreté
763:mercordi
757:mercredi
719:bon dieu
598:l'ouisme
495:Acadians
463:Language
457:Acadians
434:Help:IPA
368:acad1238
4094:Related
3919:History
3851:Italics
3784:Walloon
3778:Tây Bồi
3692:Lorrain
3619:Angevin
3557:Augeron
3507:Muskrat
3480:Laotian
3458:Haitian
3405:Belgian
3388:Abidjan
3382:African
3365:Acadian
3336:Réunion
3321:Agalega
3180:Related
3162:Haitian
3141:Muskrat
3098:Ontario
3076:Acadian
3004:Belgian
2966:Laotian
2940:African
2927:African
2452:nonante
2423:Pubnico
2413:In the
2357:) (Fr:
2316:quelque
2273:' (Fr:
2121:) (Fr:
2068:ploquer
2057:' (Fr:
2042:au pire
1962:orignal
1906:maganer
1898:larguer
1792:grenier
1785:rigging
1751:savoury
1682:espèrer
1632:échelle
1578:tricher
1530:je suis
1502:fenêtre
1496:chassis
1488:voiture
1434:brogane
1426:pleurer
1412:clôture
1392:boucane
1344:boloxer
1308:baratte
1302:baratte
1288:bailler
1260:atentot
1252:appuyer
1209:' (Fr:
1207:burdock
1184:amarrer
1156:achever
1142:ennuyer
1136:achaler
1035:→ and
1012:croître
927:→ and
635:English
471:Country
466:Acadien
430:Unicode
154:Romance
108:Vermont
4106:Cajuns
4002:Brayon
3912:Acadia
3818:Faetar
3750:Picard
3726:Nouchi
3714:Michif
3697:Welche
3612:Others
3542:Norman
3468:Indian
3431:Magoua
3400:Aostan
3356:French
3201:Signed
3192:Michif
3071:Brayon
3064:Magoua
3054:Quebec
3027:Aostan
2994:French
2961:Indian
2817:
2267:Mikmaq
2184:rinque
2170:quérir
2055:plaice
2050:plaise
1996:parker
1982:palote
1856:icitte
1828:hucher
1814:harrer
1800:hardes
1764:lancer
1746:fricot
1732:frette
1626:èchell
1604:Diable
1544:cosses
1448:brosse
1330:besson
1294:donner
1226:asteur
1150:ajeuve
1101:Brayon
1084:form.
1043:/livʁ/
1033:/tabl/
968:/kɛːs/
963:caisse
958:/fɛːt/
933:(arm)
873:Vowels
853:regret
847:ergret
766:, and
725:gueule
601:where
533:or an
507:Brayon
499:Acadia
487:French
475:Acadia
453:People
445:Person
335:Quebec
332:
320:
308:
285:
179:French
144:Italic
100:Quebec
84:Region
68:Acadia
52:French
48:
3997:Chiac
3664:Gallo
3629:Bolze
3527:Swiss
3426:Joual
3410:Métis
3370:Chiac
3131:Métis
3116:Houma
3093:Métis
3081:Chiac
3059:Joual
3022:Swiss
2949:Asian
2855:from
2763:(PDF)
2562:Notes
2220:soira
2164:qu'ri
2130:atoca
2077:ploye
2022:peste
2013:: 'a
1974:païen
1967:moose
1948:mitan
1780:greer
1738:froid
1598:Djâbe
1586:coude
1558:cossé
1462:caler
1093:Joual
1038:livre
1028:table
1006:boîte
990:trois
935:/bʁɑ/
862:for "
850:for "
841:repas
838:for "
835:erpas
826:for "
814:for "
703:tchin
697:Tiens
631:Chiac
604:bonne
548:verbs
540:rouge
503:Chiac
254:Latin
104:Maine
4029:Flag
4018:list
3772:Tayo
3014:Law
2815:ISSN
2780:2019
2617:link
2463:and
2449:and
2421:and
2299:and
2156:quai
2060:plie
1884:itou
1842:icet
1654:élan
1564:quoi
1536:chui
1482:char
1366:bord
1189:moor
1075:vous
1001:/wɑ/
996:noix
985:/wɑ/
953:fête
948:/ɛː/
930:bras
925:/pɑ/
908:/œ̃/
906:and
904:/ɛ̃/
898:and
892:/ɛː/
890:and
882:and
817:reçu
811:erçu
790:and
742:en.)
722:and
714:/dj/
712:and
688:and
676:and
664:/tj/
662:and
588:and
553:-ont
525:The
505:and
390:IETF
2838:by
2807:doi
2334:' (
2327:: '
2293:) (
2265:: '
2102:pas
2053:: '
1965:: '
1862:ici
1848:ici
1668:erj
1589:: '
1524:chu
1117:or
976:roi
942:/ɛ/
920:pas
915:/ɑ/
900:/ə/
896:/ø/
888:/ɛ/
884:/ɑ/
880:/a/
856:",
844:",
832:",
820:",
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