1047:, has made several reservations to the articles in the convention; "the provisions of Articles 3, 6, 7, 18 and 19 shall be so applied to the extent that they are not repugnant to the Provisions of the Constitution of Pakistan and the Sharia laws", "the provisions of Article 12 shall be so applied as to be in conformity with the Provisions of the Constitution of Pakistan", "With respect to Article 13, the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan reserves its right to apply its law relating to foreigners", "the provisions of Article 25 shall be so applied to the extent that they are not repugnant to the Provisions of the Constitution of Pakistan" and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan "does not recognize the competence of the Committee provided for in Article 40 of the Covenant".
260:
6796:
6642:
5175:
2232:
6466:
6287:
5090:
2116:
6764:
1484:
5630:
2260:
6583:
6782:
2520:
1830:
6629:
6505:
1105:. Finally, the Covenant is one of the major sources of 'human rights' listed in the Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011. This law requires most new legislation and administrative instruments (such as delegated/subordinate legislation) to be tabled in parliament with a statement outlining the proposed law's compatibility with the listed human rights A Joint Committee on Human Rights scrutinises all new legislation and statements of compatibility. The findings of the Joint Committee are not legally binding.
4194:
2060:
2319:
10519:
6544:
5798:
1716:
1398:
6886:
6870:
2406:
2666:
6603:
4798:
5972:
6822:
4884:
4024:
1116:
the relevant
Attorney-General to respond in Parliament within a set time period. Courts in Victoria and the ACT are also directed by the legislation to interpret the law in a way to give effect to a human right, and new legislation and subordinate legislation must be accompanied by a statement of compatibility. Efforts to implement a similar Charter at the national level have been frustrated and Australia's Constitution may prevent conferring the 'declaration' power on federal judges.
4536:
6002:
5770:
3938:
3122:
916:
6918:
6518:
5886:
5404:
5292:
1946:
6667:
6387:
6307:
5434:
4566:
3654:
2636:
1572:
1254:
3682:
6836:
6062:
5686:
5264:
4394:
4222:
3738:
3596:
2548:
2288:
2088:
1630:
1544:
5146:
4452:
4052:
3994:
2892:
773:. This provision, specifically article 17(1), protects private adult consensual sexual activity, thereby nullifying prohibitions on homosexual behaviour, however, the wording of this covenant's marriage right (Article 23) excludes the extrapolation of a same-sex marriage right from this provision. Article 17 also protects people against unlawful attacks to their honor and reputation. Article 17 (2) grants the protection of the law against such attacks.
5488:
4740:
4596:
3966:
6531:
6120:
4250:
3328:
3064:
1426:
1658:
6453:
6234:
5348:
4826:
4364:
3210:
2750:
2492:
2464:
2002:
1916:
1858:
6898:
6440:
5742:
5714:
5572:
5544:
5320:
4944:
4710:
4110:
2202:
2032:
299:. The drafts were presented to the UN General Assembly for discussion in 1954 and adopted in 1966. As a result of diplomatic negotiations the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights was adopted shortly before the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Together, the UDHR and the two Covenants are considered to be the foundational human rights texts in the contemporary international system of human rights.
2806:
6479:
5942:
5826:
4652:
4306:
3880:
3506:
3416:
3270:
3240:
3036:
2694:
2576:
2348:
1974:
1802:
1686:
1602:
1456:
1340:
6150:
6090:
6032:
5376:
5206:
5002:
4480:
4422:
3852:
3824:
2920:
2722:
2434:
1514:
1310:
1282:
150:
6808:
6570:
6427:
5856:
5236:
4334:
3796:
3710:
3566:
3446:
3152:
2376:
1746:
6414:
6206:
5914:
5062:
4768:
4680:
4278:
4082:
3092:
3008:
1370:
5516:
5118:
3182:
2864:
6557:
6367:
6347:
6178:
5658:
4974:
4624:
4508:
4166:
3910:
3626:
2978:
2606:
2172:
1774:
2948:
6492:
6327:
2778:
6616:
4854:
4138:
3766:
3386:
3356:
2144:
5600:
29:
4914:
1888:
5032:
2836:
3476:
5458:
3536:
3300:
748:, including the right of persons to choose their residence, to leave and return to a country. These rights apply to legal aliens as well as citizens of a state, and can be restricted only where necessary to protect national security, public order or health, and the rights and freedoms of others. The article also recognises a right of people to enter their own country: the
9616:
1210:
Where a treaty or covenant is not self-executing, and where
Congress has not acted to implement the agreement with legislation, no private right of action within the US judicial system is created by ratification. However, a reservation that is "incompatible with the object and purpose" of a treaty is
565:
recognises the rights to liberty and security of the person. It prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, requires any deprivation of liberty to be according to law, and obliges parties to allow those deprived of their liberty to challenge their imprisonment through the courts. These provisions apply
7929:
1161:
short story writer in Sri Lanka's
National Youth Literary Festivals of 2010 and 2014, and was twice the recipient of the north western provincial state literary award. A group of Buddhist monks had stormed the author's workplace demanding punitive action against him after the story first appeared on
1128:
where juries are replaced by judges and other special procedures apply has been found to not violate the treaty: "In the
Committee's view, trial before courts other than the ordinary courts is not necessarily, per se, a violation of the entitlement to a fair hearing and the facts of the present case
332:
for any violation of those rights. It also requires the rights be recognised "without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status," and to ensure that they are enjoyed equally by women.
1115:
In
Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory, the convention can be used by a plaintiff or defendant who invokes those jurisdiction's human rights charters. While the Convention cannot be used to overturn a Victorian or ACT law, a Court can issue a 'declaration of incompatibility' that requires
1087:
According to a 2013 study, the ICCPR has significantly improved human rights practices on matters where evidence-production costs and standards of proof are low, but has had a limited impact for issue areas where legally admissible evidence is costly to produce and standards of proof are high. This
1074:
amendments to the US Constitution; that the third clause of
Paragraph 1, Article 15 will not apply; and that, notwithstanding paragraphs 2(b) and 3 of Article 10 and paragraph 4 of Article 14, the US government may treat juveniles as adults, and accept volunteers to the military prior to the age of
619:
before a competent, independent and impartial tribunal, with any judgment or ruling made public. Closed hearings are only permitted for reasons of privacy, justice, or national security, and judgments may only be suppressed in divorce cases or to protect the interests of children. These obligations
291:
Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights. These eventually caused the convention to be split into two separate covenants, "one to contain civil and political rights and the other to contain economic, social and cultural rights". The two covenants were to contain as many similar provisions as possible,
6939:
On 25 August 1997, North Korea notified the
Secretary-General of the United Nations that it was withdrawing from the Covenant. However, the Secretary-General still considers North Korea a state party to the Covenant because the Covenant does not allow for withdrawal and therefore withdrawal would
894:
establishes an individual complaints mechanism, allowing individuals to complain to the Human Rights
Committee about violations of the Covenant. This has led to the creation of a complex jurisprudence on the interpretation and implementation of the Covenant. As of September 2019, the First
1017:
reserves the right not to compensate for miscarriages of justice, due to problems with implementation, and does not plan to provide free legal counsel for the same reasons as above. It also refuses to ensure the right to free travel at any time, due to a law requiring those travelling abroad to
962:
reserves the right to progressively implement the prison standards of
Article 10, to compensate for miscarriages of justice by administrative means rather than through the courts, and interprets the prohibition on racial incitement as being subject to the freedoms of expression, association and
1034:
reserves the right to exclude the press and the public from trials as per its own laws. Reservation is further made to Article 20, paragraph 1. This reservation is in accordance with the vote cast by Denmark in the XVI General Assembly of the United Nations in 1961 when the Danish Delegation,
584:. The article also imposes specific obligations around criminal justice, requiring prisoners in pretrial detention to be separated from convicted prisoners, and children to be separated from adults. It requires prisons to be focused on reform and rehabilitation rather than punishment.
279:
was given the task of drafting it. Early on in the process, the document was split into a declaration setting forth general principles of human rights, and a convention or covenant containing binding commitments. The former evolved into the UDHR and was adopted on 10 December 1948.
756:
interprets this right broadly as applying not just to citizens, but also to those stripped of or denied their nationality. They also regard it as near-absolute; "there are few, if any, circumstances in which deprivation of the right to enter one's own country could be reasonable".
487:
of the Covenant recognises the individual's "inherent right to life" and requires it to be protected by law. It is a "supreme right" from which no derogation can be permitted, and must be interpreted widely. It therefore requires parties to take positive measures to reduce
1062:; that the US government may impose capital punishment on any person other than a pregnant woman, including persons below the age of 18; that "cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment" refers to those treatments or punishments prohibited by one or more of the
8881:
902:
abolishes the death penalty; however, countries were permitted to make a reservation allowing for use of death penalty for the most serious crimes of a military nature, committed during wartime. As of June 2022, the Second Optional Protocol had 90 parties.
881:
contains a revolutionary norm by providing an autonomous equality principle which is not dependent upon another right under the convention being infringed. This has the effect of widening the scope of the non-discrimination principle beyond the scope of ICCPR.
572:
impose procedural safeguards around arrest, requiring anyone arrested to be promptly informed of the charges against them, and to be brought promptly before a judge. It also restricts the use of pre-trial detention, requiring that it not be 'the general rule'.
579:
requires anyone deprived of liberty to be treated with dignity and humanity. This applies not just to prisoners, but also to those detained for immigration purposes or psychiatric care. The right complements the Article 7 prohibition on torture and cruel,
247:, which reviews regular reports of states parties on how the rights are being implemented. States must report one year after acceding to the Covenant and then whenever the Committee requests (usually every four years). The Committee normally meets at the
1199:, five understandings, and four declarations. Some have noted that with so many reservations, its implementation has little domestic effect, although it has been argued that the reason behind the Senate reservations is that Article 20(2) (regarding
1025:
212:
Resolution 2200A (XXI) on 16 December 1966 and entered into force on 23 March 1976 after its thirty-fifth ratification or accession. As of June 2024, the Covenant has 174 parties and six more signatories without ratification, most notably the
10141:
8841:
8766:
456:(Articles 46 – 47) clarifies that the Covenant shall not be interpreted as interfering with the operation of the United Nations or "the inherent right of all peoples to enjoy and utilize fully and freely their natural wealth and resources".
1096:
The Covenant is not directly enforceable in Australia, but its provisions support a number of domestic laws, which confer enforceable rights on individuals. For example, Article 17 of the convention has been implemented by the Australian
10427:
9651:
10225:
1083:
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights has 167 states parties, 67 by signature and ratification, and the remainder by accession or succession. Another five states have signed but have yet to ratify the treaty.
321:
of a people not to be deprived of its means of subsistence, and imposes an obligation on those parties still responsible for non-self governing and trust territories (colonies) to encourage and respect their self-determination.
1203:) of the ICCPR may be unconstitutional according to Supreme Court precedent. Included in the Senate's ratification was the declaration that "the provisions of Article 1 through 27 of the Covenant are not self-executing", and a
9976:
8776:
9971:
10013:
899:
504:
8861:
891:
521:
and non-consensual medical or scientific experimentation. As with Article 6, it cannot be derogated from under any circumstances. The article is now interpreted to impose similar obligations to those required by the
6952:
Portugal extended the territorial application of the Covenant to Macau on 27 April 1993. On 3 December 1999, China notified the Secretary-General of the United Nations that the Covenant would still be in force for
6804: – On 12 March 2001, it declared that the Covenant was in force for it since 27 April 1992. On 4 February 2003, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia changed its name to Serbia and Montenegro, and on 3 June 2006
449:
and the reporting and monitoring of the Covenant. It also allows parties to recognize the competence of the committee to resolve disputes between parties on the implementation of the Covenant (Articles 41 and 42).
8746:
1112:(AHRC) to examine enacted legislation (to suggest remedial enactments), its administration (to suggest avoidance of practices) and general compliance with the covenant which is scheduled to the AHRC legislation.
1088:
means that the ICCPR has "significantly improved governments' respect for the freedoms of speech, association, assembly, and religion" but has had insignificant effects on respect to personal integrity rights.
8731:
8628:
11513:
10018:
8741:
503:. The UN Human Rights Committee interprets the Article as "strongly suggest that abolition is desirable", and regards any progress towards abolition of the death penalty as advancing this right. The
499:
While Article 6 does not prohibit the death penalty, it restricts its application to the "most serious crimes" and forbids it to be used on children and pregnant women or in a manner contrary to the
11458:
874:
provides an accessory non-discrimination principle. Accessory in the way that it cannot be used independently and can only be relied upon in relation to another right protected by the ICCPR.
9988:
10038:
679:, and requires the imposition of the lesser penalty where criminal sentences have changed between the offence and conviction. One exception is criminal proceedings held for violations of
500:
9998:
9641:
8404:
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, art. 19, 1155 U.N.T.S. 331 (entered into force 27 January 1980) (specifying conditions under which signatory States can offer "reservations")
10297:
9303:
317:, including the right to "freely determine their political status", pursue their economic, social and cultural goals, and manage and dispose of their own resources. It recognises a
402:
individual liberty, in the form of the freedoms of movement, thought, conscience and religion, speech, association and assembly, family rights, the right to a nationality, and the
9579:
8590:
6265:
Most states in the world are parties to the ICCPR. As of 2024, the following 24 states have not become party to it, while six states have signed the Covenant but not ratified it.
10633:
9695:
9283:
6990:
The Republic of China signed the Covenant on 5 October 1967 but did not ratify it at the time. On 25 October 1971, it lost its United Nations membership. On 31 March 2009, the
8851:
8791:
8654:
6995:
296:
233:
566:
not just to those imprisoned as part of the criminal process, but also to those detained due to mental illness, drug addiction, or for educational or immigration purposes.
11553:
11388:
10838:
10033:
1166:; the ICCPR prohibits "advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence". Human rights organizations
162:
10563:
10173:
9199:
9150:
11518:
10113:
9961:
995:
where they are fugitives from justice and declares that resource constraints mean that it cannot necessarily segregate prisons or provide counsel for accused persons.
10673:
9168:
1011:. It does not consider itself obliged to ban war propaganda as required by Article 20, and interprets that article in light of the freedom of expression in the UDHR.
11543:
11308:
1223:
argues that it is not). Prof. Jordan Paust criticizes the United States' ratification subject to the non-self-execution declaration as being an abuse of the treaty.
1204:
11468:
9685:
9621:
9574:
9338:
8660:
11093:
10923:
10583:
6728:
Article 49 allowed that the covenant would enter into force three months after the date of the deposit of the thirty-fifth instrument of ratification or accession
10023:
9839:
8876:
272:
8248:
11523:
11218:
10322:
10008:
9133:
1071:
11238:
10302:
9888:
9490:
8756:
6710:
6690:
11198:
10255:
10003:
9606:
9549:
9219:
8698:
8677:
8583:
7983:
6705:
6700:
676:
11288:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10091:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10028:
9922:
9544:
8262:
11508:
11478:
10312:
9993:
9871:
9450:
9396:
9313:
9229:
9214:
8196:
Vines, Timothy; Faunce, Thomas Alured (2012). "A Bad Trip for Health-Related Human Rights: Implications of Momcilovic v the Queen (2011) 85 ALJR 957".
6855:
Although Cambodia signed the Covenant when it was known as Democratic Kampuchea, it filed an instrument of accession, not ratification, on 26 May 1992.
1067:
11253:
10708:
10448:
9591:
9308:
1063:
6878:
signed the Covenant on 7 October 1968 and ratified it on 23 December 1975; it entered into force for Czechoslovakia on 23 March 1976. Following the
11473:
9866:
9646:
9138:
9104:
9025:
8950:
8388:
6695:
328:(Articles 2 – 5) obliges parties to legislate where necessary to give effect to the rights recognised in the Covenant, and to provide an effective
8562:
7136:
11533:
10723:
10422:
10066:
10061:
9917:
9415:
8821:
8666:
8576:
6926:
signed the Covenant on 23 March 1973 and ratified it on 8 November 1973; it entered into force for East Germany on 23 March 1976. Following the
11548:
10743:
10728:
9690:
9596:
9087:
9016:
8781:
11493:
11028:
10354:
10118:
9631:
9626:
9601:
9465:
9288:
9239:
9116:
9092:
8925:
9754:
985:
interprets Articles 3 (no sexual discrimination), 18 (freedom of religion) and 23 (family rights) within the context of Islamic Sharia law.
11433:
10558:
10383:
10317:
9861:
9348:
8935:
6776:, the following states located in the former Yugoslavia made declarations regarding that status of the Covenant with regard to themselves:
927:
8512:
8479:
8249:"Immigration Act 2009 No 51 (as at 06 May 2016), Public Act Part 5 Refugee and protection status determinations – New Zealand Legislation"
7550:"General Comment No. 13: Equality before the courts and the right to a fair and public hearing by an independent court established by law"
7061:
6772:
signed the Covenant on 8 August 1967 and ratified it on 2 June 1971; it entered into force for Yugoslavia on 23 March 1976. Following the
11163:
10803:
10658:
9675:
8930:
8751:
1028:, in matters of private law, decisions or orders emanating from conciliation proceedings may be enforced through imprisonment for debt.
11263:
10688:
10410:
10344:
10056:
9983:
9966:
9328:
9278:
9204:
9145:
9081:
8687:
8639:
7885:
276:
68:
11558:
9702:
9410:
9189:
9128:
8736:
8682:
523:
7907:"U.S. reservations, declarations, and understandings, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 138 Cong. Rec. S4781-01"
7742:"Joslin v New Zealand (2002) Comm. No. 902/1999 U.N. Doc. A/57/40 at 214 (2002) at [Appendix (My Lallah & Mr Scheinen)]"
11503:
11363:
10416:
10250:
9537:
9475:
9435:
9323:
8987:
6769:
1212:
292:
and be opened for signature simultaneously. Each would also contain an article on the right of all peoples to self-determination.
283:
Drafting continued on the convention, but there remained significant differences between UN members on the relative importance of
11538:
11483:
11393:
10768:
9224:
9077:
9007:
132:
10948:
627:
The rest of the article imposes specific and detailed obligations around the process of criminal trials in order to protect the
11488:
11403:
10863:
10823:
9856:
9779:
9636:
9611:
9056:
8649:
8599:
6978:
1215:
and international law, and there is question as to whether the non-self-execution declaration is even constitutional under the
1207:
stated that the declaration was meant to "clarify that the Covenant will not create a private cause of action in U.S. Courts".
1153:
was arrested on 1 April 2019 for inciting religious violence, following a publication of a short story about homosexuality and
1035:
referring to the preceding article concerning freedom of expression, voted against the prohibition against propaganda for war.
7549:
7486:
7434:
7373:
7312:
11463:
11223:
11178:
10463:
10366:
10332:
10235:
10215:
10146:
9934:
9905:
9883:
9774:
9707:
9495:
9440:
8761:
8633:
8345:
8231:
7374:"CCPR General Comment No. 20: Replaces general comment 7 concerning prohibition of torture and cruel treatment or punishment"
6680:
307:
The Covenant follows the structure of the UDHR and ICESCR, with a preamble and fifty-three articles, divided into six parts.
268:
244:
237:
1141:
in 1990, and formally incorporated the status of protected person into law through the passing of the Immigration Act 2009.
11498:
11348:
11193:
11128:
10287:
9910:
9680:
9266:
9251:
9234:
8457:
Louis Henkin, U.S. Ratification of Human Rights Treaties: The Ghost of Senator Bricker, 89 Am. J. Int'l L. 341, 346 (1995)
11528:
10773:
10553:
10378:
10373:
9797:
9665:
9527:
9430:
9353:
9293:
8868:
8836:
8553:
The Work of the United Nations Human Rights Committee: Enforcing the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
6973:
Both China and the United Kingdom notified the Secretary-General that the Covenant would continue to remain in force for
6816:
succeeded Serbia and Montenegro. Therefore, for Serbia, the Covenant has retroactively been in force since 27 April 1992.
6738:
6685:
1008:
337:
which threatens the life of the nation," and even then no derogation is permitted from the rights to life, freedom from
11033:
10903:
10499:
9744:
9532:
9522:
9194:
9157:
8945:
8846:
8565:, published by Arbeitskreis Menschenrechte im 20. Jahrhundert, published at "Quellen zur Geschichte der Menschenrechte"
7106:
6958:
1109:
763:
forbids the arbitrary expulsion of resident aliens and requires such decisions to be able to be appealed and reviewed.
229:
1041:, as per its constitution, will provide free legal assistance for accused persons charged with capital offences only.
11378:
11293:
11273:
11058:
10943:
10873:
10868:
10678:
10543:
10484:
10168:
9900:
9769:
9500:
9480:
9420:
9405:
8672:
822:
534:
during WW2 this article explicitly includes a prohibition on medical and scientific experimentation without consent.
228:
The ICCPR is considered a seminal document in the history of international law and human rights, forming part of the
973:, and limits the rights of the accused and the right to a fair trial to those already existing in its legal system.
11328:
11233:
11208:
11133:
10818:
10778:
10753:
10738:
10613:
10548:
10395:
9564:
5095:
2237:
643:. It requires that those convicted of a crime be allowed to appeal to a higher tribunal, and requires victims of a
267:
The ICCPR (International Covenant On Civil and Political Rights) has its roots in the same process that led to the
7930:"Best Evidence: The Role of Information in Domestic Judicial Enforcement of International Human Rights Agreements"
11438:
11413:
11353:
11338:
11268:
11248:
11108:
11098:
11073:
11048:
11043:
10998:
10983:
10858:
10748:
10703:
10623:
10608:
10151:
9569:
9554:
9123:
9099:
946:
A number of parties have made reservations and interpretative declarations to their application of the Covenant.
821:. These provisions guarantee the right to freedom of association, the right to trade unions and also defines the
375:
physical integrity, in the form of the right to life and freedom from torture and slavery (Articles 6, 7, and 8);
248:
209:
11453:
11423:
11303:
11138:
11078:
11038:
10938:
10893:
10598:
10588:
9749:
9273:
9209:
9111:
8908:
8827:
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol)
8732:
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
8719:
7487:"General Comment No. 21: Replaces general comment 9 concerning humane treatment of persons deprived of liberty"
6471:
1138:
581:
379:
11448:
11398:
11343:
11318:
11313:
11283:
11278:
11203:
11183:
11158:
10918:
10798:
10793:
10733:
10693:
10663:
10628:
10443:
10361:
10282:
10240:
10200:
10128:
9809:
9734:
9719:
9048:
8886:
6879:
1171:
214:
5180:
11428:
11418:
11408:
11368:
11258:
11213:
11148:
11113:
11103:
11023:
11018:
11013:
10968:
10953:
10928:
10888:
10843:
10833:
10828:
10808:
10788:
10758:
10683:
10653:
10638:
10618:
10603:
10593:
10578:
10573:
10568:
10349:
10210:
8980:
8483:
8302:
8129:
8116:
8100:
8084:
8068:
8052:
615:
establishes the ground rules: everyone must be equal before the courts, and any hearing must take place in
518:
11443:
11383:
11373:
11323:
11228:
11173:
11153:
11088:
11083:
11053:
11008:
10993:
10978:
10958:
10908:
10898:
10883:
10848:
10763:
10698:
10668:
10643:
9425:
9244:
8862:
Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)
7728:"Toonen v Australia Communication No. 488/1992 (1994) U.N. Doc CCPR/C/50/D/488/1992 at [8.1–8.6]"
979:, due to problems with implementation, reserves the right not to compensate for miscarriages of justice.
963:
assembly. It also declares that its implementation will be effected at each level of its federal system.
690:
526:, including not just prohibition of torture, but active measures to prevent its use and a prohibition on
94:
9584:
8385:
11333:
11298:
11243:
11168:
11143:
11123:
11118:
11068:
10988:
10973:
10963:
10933:
10913:
10878:
10853:
10813:
10783:
10718:
10648:
10220:
10183:
10178:
9764:
9512:
9184:
9072:
8337:
4541:
531:
259:
185:
8517:
8395:(6th Cir., 2001) (discussing ICCPR's relationship to death penalty cases, citing to other ICCPR cases)
6830: – On 18 January 1994, it declared that the Covenant was in force for it since 17 September 1991.
295:
The first document became the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the second the
11563:
11358:
11188:
11063:
11003:
10713:
9953:
9939:
9827:
9470:
9375:
9358:
9029:
953:
624:
mandates that litigants must be informed promptly and in detail in a language which they understand.
8157:
10245:
10230:
9815:
8887:
on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)
8035:
2121:
636:
396:
6790: – On 1 September 1993, it declared that the Covenant was in force for it since 6 March 1992.
1174:(AHRC) have asserted that the charges are spurious and a clear violation of the author's right to
1137:
New Zealand took measures to give effect to many of the rights contained within it by passing the
841:
mandates special protection, the right to a name, and the right to a nationality for every child.
10190:
8973:
8856:
8644:
432:
6844: – On 23 October 2006, it declared that the Covenant was in force for it since 3 June 2006.
1001:
reserves the right not to provide free counsel for accused persons due to resource constraints.
10277:
9739:
9460:
8767:
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
8507:
7643:
7087:
6787:
1835:
1125:
1059:
818:
753:
732:
644:
446:
8419:"Globalism and the Constitution: Treaties, Non-Self-Execution, and the Original Understanding"
8217:
1231:
There are a total of 174 parties to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
10504:
10476:
10468:
10265:
10163:
9876:
9318:
9039:
8693:
8329:
7977:
6801:
6773:
6510:
2265:
1175:
831:
mandates the right of marriage. The wording of this provision neither requires nor prohibits
794:
632:
628:
603:
599:
392:
358:
10307:
6894:
declared on 22 February 1993 that the Covenant was in force for it since 1 January 1993 and
1101:. Likewise, the Covenant's equality and anti-discrimination provisions support the federal
1007:
interprets the freedoms of speech, assembly and association in a manner consistent with the
10494:
10458:
10453:
10405:
10136:
9385:
8771:
8623:
6927:
6588:
1192:
1150:
852:
660:
10226:
International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World
7808:
Joslin v New Zealand (2002) Comm. No. 902/1999 U.N. Doc. A/57/40 at 214 (2002) at &
8:
10195:
8920:
8568:
8527:
8423:
8142:
Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic); Human Rights Act 2004 (ACT).
5803:
3421:
1403:
810:
780:
745:
728:
716:
712:
362:
201:
193:
9011:
6906:
declared on 28 May 1993 that the Covenant was also in force for it since 1 January 1993.
462:(Articles 48–53) governs ratification, entry into force, and amendment of the Covenant.
439:
Many of these rights include specific actions which must be undertaken to realize them.
10327:
8940:
8439:
8288:"Sri Lanka: Withdraw the charges against Shakthika Sathkumara, Protect Free Expression"
7957:
4745:
2525:
784:
720:
656:
354:
334:
314:
8777:
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
7727:
10337:
10292:
10272:
10157:
9927:
9821:
9759:
9559:
9020:
8341:
8213:
8205:
7949:
2925:
2671:
1196:
1108:
Legislation also establishes the Australian Human Rights Commission which allows the
1075:
18. The United States also submitted five "understandings", and four "declarations".
970:
860:
856:
832:
724:
700:
671:
346:
197:
8772:
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid
8418:
8235:
7961:
7810:
7741:
507:
commits its signatories to the abolition of the death penalty within their borders.
9893:
9833:
9803:
9485:
9179:
8882:
on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
8431:
7941:
6991:
4803:
4199:
1216:
1158:
770:
652:
548:, with exceptions for criminal punishment, military service and civil obligations.
489:
403:
8742:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
9256:
8826:
8392:
6827:
6672:
6549:
4029:
749:
736:
680:
640:
493:
428:
413:
for war as well as any advocacy of national or religious hatred that constitutes
10518:
8540:
Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
8539:
8466:
Jordan J. Paust, International Law As Law of the United States 375 (2d ed. 2003)
7906:
7811:"Joslin v New Zealand (2002) Comm. No. 902/1999 U.N. Doc. A/57/40 at 214 (2002)"
6940:
only be possible if all other states parties allowed it, which has not occurred.
8996:
7997:
7666:
6891:
6875:
5977:
2411:
1102:
1098:
318:
288:
284:
8544:
8531:
8523:
7945:
10537:
8629:
Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
8557:
Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
8556:
8548:
7953:
7062:"UN Treaty Collection - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
6007:
3943:
3127:
1054:
has made reservations that none of the articles should restrict the right of
956:
to the prosecution of those accused of violating the general law of nations.
557:
545:
471:
421:
384:
189:
98:
7110:
7007:
The Vatican is not a member of the United Nations but holds observer status.
620:
apply to both criminal and civil hearings, and to all courts and tribunals.
10523:
10400:
10260:
9261:
8334:
The Content and Context of Hate Speech: Rethinking Regulation and Responses
8209:
6923:
6647:
6608:
6523:
5891:
5409:
5297:
1951:
1220:
848:
648:
616:
329:
7998:
Act No. 186 of 2011 : Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011
590:
prohibits the use of imprisonment as a punishment for breach of contract.
271:. A "Declaration on the Essential Rights of Man" had been proposed at the
10489:
10303:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)
6392:
5635:
5439:
4889:
4571:
3687:
3659:
2641:
2324:
1577:
1259:
1200:
1157:
at a Buddhist temple in Sri Lanka. The author had been adjudged the best
1154:
1055:
527:
222:
205:
6666:
915:
371:(Articles 6 – 27) lists the rights themselves. These include rights to:
365:
and freedom from medical or scientific experimentation without consent.
10390:
9455:
8443:
7909:. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Human Rights Library. 2 April 1992
7435:"CCPR General Comment No. 08: Right to liberty and security of persons"
6841:
6067:
5691:
5269:
5151:
4457:
4399:
4227:
4057:
3999:
3743:
3601:
2897:
2553:
2293:
2093:
1635:
1549:
414:
410:
399:, and recognition as a person before the law (Articles 14, 15, and 16);
350:
153:
8287:
6974:
6536:
6125:
5493:
4601:
4255:
3971:
3333:
3069:
1489:
1431:
544:
and enforced servitude in all situations. The article also prohibits
8435:
501:
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
391:
procedural fairness in law, in the form of rights to due process, a
9380:
9368:
8747:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
8414:
6903:
6651:
6458:
6445:
6405:
6239:
5747:
5719:
5577:
5549:
5353:
5325:
4949:
4831:
4715:
4369:
4115:
3215:
2755:
2497:
2469:
2207:
2037:
2007:
1921:
1863:
1663:
1163:
7193:
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2200, 16 December 1966.
445:(Articles 28 – 45) governs the establishment and operation of the
11514:
Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
10298:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice
8965:
7107:"Fact Sheet No.2 (Rev.1), The International Bill of Human Rights"
6484:
6312:
6155:
6095:
6037:
5947:
5831:
5381:
5211:
5007:
4657:
4485:
4427:
4311:
3885:
3857:
3829:
3511:
3275:
3245:
3041:
2953:
2811:
2727:
2699:
2581:
2439:
2353:
1979:
1807:
1721:
1691:
1607:
1519:
1461:
1345:
1315:
1287:
1186:
1167:
1026:
Code of Civil, Commercial, Administrative and Financial Procedure
541:
514:
479:
475:
342:
338:
28:
7854:
7184:
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 545, 5 February 1952.
7175:
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 543, 5 February 1952.
6268:
593:
378:
liberty and security of the person, in the form of freedom from
11459:
Treaties adopted by United Nations General Assembly resolutions
9445:
9363:
9333:
9298:
8309:. Hyde Park, New York: Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site
8263:"Sri Lanka: UN treaty invoked to imprison award winning writer"
8130:"Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 (Cth), schedule 2"
6813:
6634:
6575:
6432:
6419:
6211:
5919:
5861:
5605:
5241:
5067:
5037:
4919:
4773:
4685:
4339:
4283:
4087:
3801:
3715:
3571:
3451:
3157:
3097:
3013:
2841:
2381:
2065:
1893:
1751:
1375:
859:
to enjoy their own culture, to profess their own religion, and
496:, as well as forbidding arbitrary killings by security forces.
181:
8792:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
8655:
Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
8290:. Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development. 10 April 2019.
7091:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner of Human Rights
6996:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
5171:
693:, such as genocide, slavery, torture, and wars of aggression.
611:
recognizes and protects a right to justice and a fair trial.
297:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
234:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
9343:
8611:
6954:
6562:
6372:
6352:
6292:
6183:
5663:
5521:
5463:
5123:
4979:
4629:
4513:
4171:
3915:
3631:
3541:
3481:
3305:
3187:
2983:
2869:
2611:
2177:
1779:
7137:"William H. Fitzpatrick's Editorials on Human Rights (1949)"
6621:
6497:
6332:
5775:
4859:
4143:
3771:
3391:
3361:
2783:
2149:
218:
8598:
8563:
William H. Fitzpatrick’s Editorials on Human Rights (1949)
7202:
The following section summarises the text of the Covenant.
2315:
8520:
Bimonthly publication highlighting article 2 of the ICCPR
6397:
6377:
6357:
6337:
6317:
6297:
6252:
6247:
6224:
6219:
6196:
6191:
6168:
6163:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6080:
6075:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6022:
6017:
6012:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5932:
5927:
5904:
5899:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5816:
5811:
5788:
5783:
5760:
5755:
5732:
5727:
5704:
5699:
5676:
5671:
5648:
5643:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5590:
5585:
5562:
5557:
5534:
5529:
5506:
5501:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5394:
5389:
5366:
5361:
5338:
5333:
5310:
5305:
5282:
5277:
5254:
5249:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5164:
5159:
5136:
5131:
5108:
5103:
5080:
5075:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5022:
5017:
5012:
4992:
4987:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4844:
4839:
4816:
4811:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4758:
4753:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4670:
4665:
4642:
4637:
4614:
4609:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4526:
4521:
4498:
4493:
4470:
4465:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4412:
4407:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4324:
4319:
4296:
4291:
4268:
4263:
4240:
4235:
4212:
4207:
4184:
4179:
4156:
4151:
4128:
4123:
4100:
4095:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4042:
4037:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3984:
3979:
3956:
3951:
3928:
3923:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3870:
3865:
3842:
3837:
3814:
3809:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3756:
3751:
3728:
3723:
3700:
3695:
3672:
3667:
3644:
3639:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3346:
3341:
3318:
3313:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3200:
3195:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3082:
3077:
3054:
3049:
3026:
3021:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2938:
2933:
2910:
2905:
2882:
2877:
2854:
2849:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2796:
2791:
2768:
2763:
2740:
2735:
2712:
2707:
2684:
2679:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2566:
2561:
2538:
2533:
2510:
2505:
2482:
2477:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2424:
2419:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2366:
2361:
2338:
2333:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2278:
2273:
2250:
2245:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2162:
2157:
2134:
2129:
2106:
2101:
2078:
2073:
2050:
2045:
2022:
2017:
2012:
1992:
1987:
1964:
1959:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1906:
1901:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1848:
1843:
1820:
1815:
1792:
1787:
1764:
1759:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1676:
1671:
1648:
1643:
1620:
1615:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1562:
1557:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1474:
1469:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1416:
1411:
1388:
1383:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1300:
1295:
1272:
1267:
275:
which led to the founding of the United Nations, and the
16:
Treaty adopted by United Nations General Assembly in 1965
8661:
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
969:
reserves the right to continue to exile members of the
10634:
Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
8480:"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
7644:"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
890:
There are two Optional Protocols to the Covenant. The
417:
to discrimination, hostility or violence (Article 20);
8757:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
8673:
Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity
6757:
6755:
6753:
6751:
6749:
6747:
6711:
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1654 (XVI)
6691:
United Nations list of non-self-governing territories
10256:
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
10206:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
8852:
Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
8787:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
8678:
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
8536:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
7088:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
6994:
of the Republic of China ratified it along with the
6706:
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV)
6701:
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV)
6662:
803:
mandates sanctions against inciting war and hatred.
420:
political participation, including the right to the
263:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
174:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
163:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
22:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
11554:
Treaties extended to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands
11389:
Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
10839:
Treaties of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia
7667:"CCPR: General Comment No. 27: Freedom of movement"
7134:
6260:
1129:do not show that there has been such a violation."
952:will apply the fair trial rights guaranteed in its
313:(Article 1) recognizes the right of all peoples to
10564:Treaties of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
10313:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
8906:
7849:
7847:
6863:
6861:
6744:
11519:Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands
10449:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
8186:For example, Part 4, Human Rights Act 2004 (ACT).
8177:For example, Part 4, Human Rights Act 2004 (ACT).
6696:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 66 (I)
551:
11544:Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands
11309:Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan
10535:
8951:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
8532:procedural history note and audiovisual material
7982:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
7901:
7899:
6930:on 3 October 1990, East Germany ceased to exist.
6406:States which are neither signatories nor parties
11469:Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands
10423:World Federation of United Nations Associations
9918:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
8667:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
7844:
7313:"CCPR General Comment No. 6: The right to life"
7056:
7054:
7052:
7050:
7048:
7046:
7044:
7042:
6858:
465:
8782:Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989
7964:. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022
7040:
7038:
7036:
7034:
7032:
7030:
7028:
7026:
7024:
7022:
1187:Reservations, understandings, and declarations
647:to be compensated. It establishes rights to a
243:Compliance with the ICCPR is monitored by the
225:is the only state that has tried to withdraw.
11524:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles
11219:Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania
10674:Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria
8981:
8926:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
8584:
8381:38 Cal.2d 718, 242 P.2d 617 (1952); also see
8087:(f)(i) – Conciliation & (ii) – Reporting.
7896:
6969:
6967:
6269:Signatories that have signed and not ratified
1078:
701:recognize everyone as a person before the law
594:Procedural fairness and rights of the accused
251:and typically holds three sessions per year.
51: State party that attempted to withdraw
11239:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
10318:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
8936:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
8822:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
8301:Black, Allinda; Hopkins, June, eds. (2003).
8300:
11094:Treaties of the Mongolian People's Republic
10924:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
10584:Treaties of the People's Republic of Angola
8931:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
8752:Convention on the Political Rights of Women
8195:
8113:Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986
8097:Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986
8081:Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986
8065:Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986
8049:Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986
8036:Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986
7171:
7169:
7139:. Quellen zur Geschichte der Menschenrechte
7101:
7099:
7097:
7019:
684:
333:The rights can only be limited "in time of
302:
11289:Treaties of the Somali Democratic Republic
10411:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
10323:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities
8988:
8974:
8688:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
8640:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
8591:
8577:
8332:. In Herz, Michael; Molnár, Péter (eds.).
7535:
7533:
7531:
6964:
1226:
142:French, English, Russian, Chinese, Spanish
69:United Nations General Assembly resolution
11509:Treaties extended to the Pitcairn Islands
11479:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands
8613:Declarations, manifestos, and resolutions
8152:
8150:
8148:
7273:
7271:
6998:, but the deposit was rejected by the UN.
6948:
6946:
524:United Nations Convention Against Torture
11199:Treaties of the Polish People's Republic
10709:Treaties of the Central African Republic
9840:Conference on International Organization
8842:Convention for the Prevention of Torture
8474:
8472:
8303:"Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
8224:
8022:
8010:
7996:
7713:
7711:
7166:
7157:
7094:
1213:Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
659:, and for the accused to be present and
258:
11474:Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands
9755:Office international d'hygiène publique
7802:
7734:
7720:
7661:
7659:
7657:
7618:
7600:
7591:
7582:
7573:
7564:
7528:
7510:
7501:
7481:
7479:
7467:
7359:
7357:
6594:
706:
133:Secretary-General of the United Nations
11534:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
10724:Treaties extended to British Hong Kong
10536:
9550:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General
8650:Declaration of the Rights of the Child
8600:International human rights instruments
8327:
8145:
7458:
7429:
7427:
7415:
7406:
7307:
7305:
7303:
7301:
7268:
7259:
7162:. Oxford University Press. p. 25.
7130:
7128:
6943:
1195:ratified the ICCPR in 1992, with five
519:cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment
11549:Treaties extended to British Honduras
10744:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo
10729:Treaties extended to Portuguese Macau
10464:UN television film series (1964–1966)
10216:International Narcotics Control Board
10147:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
9935:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
9906:Convention on the Rights of the Child
9884:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
8969:
8905:
8808:
8762:Convention on the Rights of the Child
8717:
8716:
8699:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
8634:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
8610:
8572:
8469:
8236:U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/71/D/819/1998 (2001)
8232:United Nations Human Rights Committee
8122:
8106:
8090:
8074:
8058:
8042:
8028:
7826:
7817:
7793:
7784:
7757:
7748:
7708:
7699:
7636:
7627:
7609:
7519:
7160:The International Law of Human Rights
7109:. UN OHCHR. June 1996. Archived from
6681:United Nations Human Rights Committee
885:
269:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
245:United Nations Human Rights Committee
238:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
45: Signatory that has not ratified
33:Parties and signatories of the ICCPR
11494:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
11029:Treaties of the Libyan Arab Republic
10288:United Nations Postal Administration
9923:Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
9642:Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
7927:
7654:
7542:
7476:
7354:
7250:
1018:provide tax clearance certificates.
910:
208:and a fair trial. It was adopted by
184:that commits nations to respect the
11434:Treaties of the Yemen Arab Republic
10559:Treaties entered into force in 1976
9691:Permanent representatives to the UN
9580:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs
8869:American Convention on Human Rights
8413:
7424:
7298:
7125:
6739:United Nations Human Rights Council
6686:United Nations Human Rights Council
1009:European Convention on Human Rights
895:Optional Protocol has 116 parties.
866:
13:
11164:Treaties of the State of Palestine
10804:Treaties of the Dominican Republic
10659:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
10500:Withdrawal from the United Nations
9686:Security Council Permanent members
8995:
8847:European Convention on Nationality
7886:"United Nations Treaty Collection"
1110:Australian Human Rights Commission
1103:Disability Discrimination Act 1992
230:International Bill of Human Rights
14:
11575:
11264:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
11254:Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe
10689:Treaties of the State of Cambodia
10485:United Nations in popular culture
10169:Expulsion from the United Nations
10114:General Assembly President (2016)
8837:Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
8501:
2238:Congo, Democratic Republic of the
991:reserves the right to try people
823:International Labour Organization
204:, electoral rights and rights to
11559:Treaties extended to West Berlin
10517:
8809:
8484:United Nations Treaty Collection
8460:
8451:
7001:
6984:
6933:
6916:
6909:
6896:
6884:
6868:
6849:
6834:
6820:
6806:
6794:
6780:
6762:
6665:
6640:
6627:
6614:
6601:
6581:
6568:
6555:
6542:
6529:
6516:
6503:
6490:
6477:
6464:
6451:
6438:
6425:
6412:
6385:
6365:
6345:
6325:
6305:
6285:
6261:States not party to the Covenant
6232:
6204:
6176:
6148:
6118:
6088:
6060:
6030:
6000:
5970:
5940:
5912:
5884:
5854:
5824:
5796:
5768:
5740:
5712:
5684:
5656:
5628:
5598:
5570:
5542:
5514:
5486:
5456:
5432:
5402:
5374:
5346:
5318:
5290:
5262:
5234:
5204:
5173:
5144:
5116:
5096:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5088:
5060:
5030:
5000:
4972:
4942:
4912:
4882:
4852:
4824:
4796:
4766:
4738:
4708:
4678:
4650:
4622:
4594:
4564:
4534:
4506:
4478:
4450:
4420:
4392:
4362:
4332:
4304:
4276:
4248:
4220:
4192:
4164:
4136:
4108:
4080:
4050:
4022:
3992:
3964:
3936:
3908:
3878:
3850:
3822:
3794:
3764:
3736:
3708:
3680:
3652:
3624:
3594:
3564:
3534:
3504:
3474:
3444:
3414:
3384:
3354:
3326:
3298:
3268:
3238:
3208:
3180:
3150:
3120:
3090:
3062:
3034:
3006:
2976:
2946:
2918:
2890:
2862:
2834:
2804:
2776:
2748:
2720:
2692:
2664:
2634:
2604:
2574:
2546:
2518:
2490:
2462:
2432:
2404:
2374:
2346:
2317:
2286:
2258:
2230:
2200:
2170:
2142:
2114:
2086:
2058:
2030:
2000:
1972:
1944:
1914:
1886:
1856:
1828:
1800:
1772:
1744:
1714:
1684:
1656:
1628:
1600:
1570:
1542:
1512:
1482:
1454:
1424:
1396:
1368:
1338:
1308:
1280:
1252:
1181:
914:
677:retrospective criminal penalties
249:UN Office at Geneva, Switzerland
148:
27:
11504:Treaties extended to Montserrat
11364:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago
10073:International Court of Justice
9622:Sport for Development and Peace
8513:List of signatories and parties
8407:
8398:
8372:
8369:S. Exec. Rep. No. 102-23 (1992)
8363:
8354:
8321:
8294:
8280:
8255:
8241:
8189:
8180:
8171:
8136:
8016:
8004:
7990:
7921:
7878:
7869:
7835:
7775:
7766:
7690:
7681:
7449:
7397:
7388:
7366:
7345:
7336:
7327:
7289:
7280:
7241:
7232:
7223:
7214:
7205:
7196:
7187:
7178:
906:
210:United Nations General Assembly
11539:Treaties extended to Greenland
11484:Treaties extended to Gibraltar
11394:Treaties of the United Kingdom
10769:Treaties of the Czech Republic
9750:Permanent Court of Arbitration
9745:International Peace Conference
9112:International Court of Justice
8909:International humanitarian law
8360:138 Cong. Rec. S4781-84 (1992)
8328:Greene, Jamal (9 April 2012).
7151:
7080:
7071:
6802:Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
6731:
6722:
1139:New Zealand Bill of Rights Act
1132:
582:inhuman or degrading treatment
552:Liberty and security of person
380:arbitrary arrest and detention
188:of individuals, including the
56: Non-party; non-signatory
1:
11489:Treaties extended to Guernsey
11404:Treaties of the United States
10864:Treaties of Georgia (country)
10824:Treaties of Equatorial Guinea
10283:Sustainable Development Goals
9810:Declaration by United Nations
9735:International Telegraph Union
8877:to Prevent and Punish Torture
8158:"Human Rights Act 2004 (ACT)"
7013:
6880:dissolution of Czechoslovakia
1172:Asian Human Rights Commission
669:prohibits prosecutions under
273:1945 San Francisco Conference
11464:Treaties extended to Bermuda
11224:Treaties of the Soviet Union
11179:Treaties of Papua New Guinea
10211:International Criminal Court
9647:UN organizations by location
8307:The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers
8234:Communication No. 819/1998,
8230:Joseph Kavanagh v. Ireland,
8204:(4). Rochester, NY: 685–98.
6737:Not to be confused with the
1144:
1091:
466:Rights to physical integrity
7:
11499:Treaties extended to Jersey
11349:Treaties of North Macedonia
11194:Treaties of the Philippines
11129:Treaties of the Netherlands
10345:Security Council veto power
9652:Sexual Violence in Conflict
9575:Economic and Social Affairs
9146:Economic and Social Council
8330:"Hate Speech and the Demos"
8198:Journal of Law and Medicine
7669:. UN OHCHR. 2 November 1999
6658:
691:customary international law
406:(Articles 12, 13, 17 – 24);
287:Civil and Political versus
277:Economic and Social Council
95:United Nations Headquarters
10:
11580:
11529:Treaties extended to Aruba
10949:Treaties of Ba'athist Iraq
10774:Treaties of Czechoslovakia
10554:Treaties concluded in 1966
10396:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea
10221:International Day of Peace
9703:General Assembly Observers
9026:General Assembly President
8873:Inter-American Convention
8737:Convention against Torture
8561:Christopher N.J. Roberts:
8338:Cambridge University Press
7934:International Organization
1119:
1079:Implementation and effects
710:
661:call and examine witnesses
597:
555:
532:Nazi human experimentation
469:
409:prohibition by law of any
254:
215:People's Republic of China
186:civil and political rights
11034:Treaties of Liechtenstein
10904:Treaties of Guinea-Bissau
10513:
10436:
10127:
10049:
9952:
9940:World Heritage Convention
9849:
9828:Dumbarton Oaks Conference
9790:
9727:
9718:
9664:
9538:General Assembly Building
9511:
9394:
9166:
9065:
9047:
9038:
9003:
8916:
8901:
8817:
8804:
8727:
8712:
8619:
8606:
7946:10.1017/S002081831300012X
7552:. UN OHCHR. 13 April 1984
7489:. UN OHCHR. 10 April 1992
7455:ICCPR, Articles 9.2, 9.3.
7394:ICCPR, Articles 8.1, 8.2.
7376:. UN OHCHR. 10 March 1992
7315:. UN OHCHR. 30 April 1982
7135:Christopher N.J.Roberts.
861:to use their own language
159:
146:
138:
128:
120:
112:
104:
90:
82:
74:
64:
26:
11379:Treaties of Turkmenistan
11294:Treaties of South Africa
11274:Treaties of Sierra Leone
11059:Treaties of the Maldives
10944:Treaties of Pahlavi Iran
10874:Treaties of East Germany
10869:Treaties of West Germany
10679:Treaties of Burkina Faso
10544:Human rights instruments
10246:Military Staff Committee
9585:Dag Hammarskjöld Library
9088:Deputy Secretary-General
9017:Deputy Secretary-General
7437:. UN OHCHR. 30 June 1982
7238:ICCPR, Article 2.2, 2.3.
6928:reunification of Germany
6716:
2122:Central African Republic
1211:void as a matter of the
900:Second Optional Protocol
637:Presumption of innocence
505:Second Optional Protocol
397:presumption of innocence
393:fair and impartial trial
303:Articles of the Covenant
11329:Treaties of Switzerland
11234:Treaties of Saint Lucia
11209:Treaties of South Korea
11134:Treaties of New Zealand
10819:Treaties of El Salvador
10779:Treaties of North Korea
10754:Treaties of Ivory Coast
10739:Treaties of the Comoros
10614:Treaties of the Bahamas
10549:United Nations treaties
10417:Woodrow Wilson Memorial
10379:UN International School
10374:UN Federal Credit Union
10355:Security Council reform
10191:Four Nations Initiative
10119:Security Council (2016)
9962:Security Council vetoes
9093:Under-Secretary-General
8645:Declaration of Montreal
7158:Sieghart, Paul (1983).
7077:Article 53 of the ICCPR
6979:transfer of sovereignty
6959:transfer of sovereignty
1227:Parties to the Covenant
1205:Senate Executive Report
1126:Special Criminal Courts
1024:, as per the Congolese
892:First Optional Protocol
872:Article 2 and Article 3
847:mandates the rights of
433:equality before the law
11439:Treaties of Yugoslavia
11414:Treaties of Uzbekistan
11354:Treaties of East Timor
11339:Treaties of Tajikistan
11269:Treaties of Seychelles
11249:Treaties of San Marino
11109:Treaties of Mozambique
11099:Treaties of Montenegro
11074:Treaties of Mauritania
11049:Treaties of Madagascar
11044:Treaties of Luxembourg
10999:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan
10984:Treaties of Kazakhstan
10859:Treaties of the Gambia
10749:Treaties of Costa Rica
10704:Treaties of Cape Verde
10624:Treaties of Bangladesh
10609:Treaties of Azerbaijan
10367:Security Council mural
10333:Millennium Declaration
10278:SDG Publishers Compact
9740:Universal Postal Union
8165:legislation.act.gov.au
7928:Lupu, Yonatan (2013).
7875:OP2-ICCPR, Article 2.1
7066:Status of ratification
6788:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2266:Congo, Republic of the
1836:Bosnia and Herzegovina
819:freedom of association
754:Human Rights Committee
733:Freedom of association
685:
675:and the imposition of
645:Miscarriage of justice
447:Human Rights Committee
264:
11454:1966 in New York City
11424:Treaties of Venezuela
11304:Treaties of Sri Lanka
11139:Treaties of Nicaragua
11079:Treaties of Mauritius
11039:Treaties of Lithuania
10939:Treaties of Indonesia
10894:Treaties of Guatemala
10599:Treaties of Australia
10589:Treaties of Argentina
10505:Women in peacekeeping
10164:Drug control treaties
8694:Yogyakarta Principles
7841:OP1-ICCPR, Article 1.
6828:Republic of Macedonia
6774:breakup of Yugoslavia
6511:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5181:São Tomé and Príncipe
1176:freedom of expression
795:freedom of expression
635:. It establishes the
633:right to a fair trial
629:rights of the accused
604:Right to a fair trial
600:Rights of the accused
435:(Articles 26 and 27).
262:
11449:Treaties of Zimbabwe
11399:Treaties of Tanzania
11344:Treaties of Thailand
11319:Treaties of Eswatini
11314:Treaties of Suriname
11284:Treaties of Slovenia
11279:Treaties of Slovakia
11204:Treaties of Portugal
11184:Treaties of Paraguay
11159:Treaties of Pakistan
10919:Treaties of Honduras
10799:Treaties of Dominica
10794:Treaties of Djibouti
10734:Treaties of Colombia
10694:Treaties of Cameroon
10664:Treaties of Botswana
10629:Treaties of Barbados
10459:United Nations Radio
10454:United Nations Medal
10406:University for Peace
10137:Bretton Woods system
9872:governed territories
9617:Developing Countries
9528:Secretariat Building
9397:Specialized agencies
8624:Brazilian Resolution
8508:Text of the Covenant
7696:ICCPR, Article 12.4.
7687:ICCPR, Article 12.3.
7624:ICCPR, Article 15.2.
7606:ICCPR, Article 14.3.
7597:ICCPR, Article 14.6.
7588:ICCPR, Article 14.5.
7579:ICCPR, Article 14.7.
7570:ICCPR, Article 14.2.
7539:ICCPR, Article 14.1.
7516:ICCPR, Article 10.3.
7507:ICCPR, Article 10.2.
7473:ICCPR, Article 10.1.
6961:on 20 December 1999.
6595:Nonmembers of the UN
6589:United Arab Emirates
1243:Ratified or acceded
1193:United States Senate
1151:Shakthika Sathkumara
707:Individual liberties
570:Articles 9.3 and 9.4
427:Non-discrimination,
180:) is a multilateral
11429:Treaties of Vietnam
11419:Treaties of Vanuatu
11409:Treaties of Uruguay
11369:Treaties of Tunisia
11259:Treaties of Senegal
11214:Treaties of Moldova
11149:Treaties of Nigeria
11114:Treaties of Namibia
11104:Treaties of Morocco
11024:Treaties of Liberia
11019:Treaties of Lesotho
11014:Treaties of Lebanon
10969:Treaties of Jamaica
10954:Treaties of Ireland
10929:Treaties of Iceland
10889:Treaties of Grenada
10844:Treaties of Finland
10834:Treaties of Estonia
10829:Treaties of Eritrea
10809:Treaties of Ecuador
10789:Treaties of Denmark
10759:Treaties of Croatia
10684:Treaties of Burundi
10654:Treaties of Bolivia
10639:Treaties of Belgium
10619:Treaties of Bahrain
10604:Treaties of Austria
10594:Treaties of Armenia
10579:Treaties of Andorra
10574:Treaties of Algeria
10569:Treaties of Albania
10231:International Years
10196:Genocide Convention
9632:Outer Space Affairs
9627:Disarmament Affairs
9592:Safety and Security
9533:Conference Building
9513:Secretariat offices
9158:Trusteeship Council
8921:Genocide Convention
8528:Christian Tomuschat
8391:17 May 2010 at the
8023:Act No. 186 of 2011
8011:Act No. 186 of 2011
7832:ICCPR, Ariticle 27.
7464:ICCPR, Article 9.3.
7421:ICCPR, Article 9.4.
7412:ICCPR, Article 9.1.
7403:ICCPR, Article 8.3.
7351:ICCPR, Article 6.3.
7342:ICCPR, Article 6.5.
7333:ICCPR, Article 6.2.
7295:ICCPR, Article 6.1.
7277:ICCPR, Article 4.2.
7265:ICCPR, Article 4.1.
7247:ICCPR, Article 2.1.
7229:ICCPR, Article 1.3.
7220:ICCPR, Article 1.2.
7211:ICCPR, Article 1.1.
5804:Trinidad and Tobago
1404:Antigua and Barbuda
857:linguistic minority
811:freedom of assembly
781:freedom of religion
746:freedom of movement
729:Freedom of assembly
717:Freedom of religion
713:Freedom of movement
699:requires states to
345:, the freedom from
202:freedom of assembly
194:freedom of religion
23:
11444:Treaties of Zambia
11384:Treaties of Uganda
11374:Treaties of Turkey
11324:Treaties of Sweden
11229:Treaties of Rwanda
11174:Treaties of Panama
11154:Treaties of Norway
11089:Treaties of Monaco
11084:Treaties of Mexico
11054:Treaties of Malawi
11009:Treaties of Latvia
10994:Treaties of Kuwait
10979:Treaties of Jordan
10959:Treaties of Israel
10909:Treaties of Guyana
10899:Treaties of Guinea
10884:Treaties of Greece
10849:Treaties of France
10764:Treaties of Cyprus
10699:Treaties of Canada
10669:Treaties of Brazil
10644:Treaties of Belize
10251:Official languages
9798:London Declaration
9607:Internal Oversight
9597:Palestinian Rights
9169:Funds, programmes,
8941:Geneva Conventions
8486:. 28 February 2024
8379:Sei Fujii v. State
7823:ICCPR, Article 24.
7799:ICCPR, Article 23.
7790:ICCPR, Article 22.
7781:ICCPR, Article 21.
7772:ICCPR, Article 20.
7763:ICCPR, Article 19.
7754:ICCPR, Article 18.
7717:ICCPR, Article 17.
7705:ICCPR, Article 13.
7633:ICCPR, Article 16.
7615:ICCPR, Article 15.
7525:ICCPR, Article 11.
7286:ICCPR, Article 47.
4511:
2526:Dominican Republic
1149:Sri Lankan author
926:. You can help by
886:Optional protocols
721:Freedom of thought
657:self-incrimination
388:(Articles 9 – 11);
355:freedom of thought
315:self-determination
265:
21:
11334:Treaties of Syria
11299:Treaties of Spain
11244:Treaties of Samoa
11169:Treaties of Palau
11144:Treaties of Niger
11124:Treaties of Nepal
11119:Treaties of Nauru
11069:Treaties of Malta
10989:Treaties of Kenya
10974:Treaties of Japan
10964:Treaties of Italy
10934:Treaties of India
10914:Treaties of Haiti
10879:Treaties of Ghana
10854:Treaties of Gabon
10814:Treaties of Egypt
10784:Treaties of Zaire
10719:Treaties of Chile
10649:Treaties of Benin
10531:
10530:
10362:UN Art Collection
10338:Millennium Summit
10293:UN Block By Block
10273:Ralph Bunche Park
10241:UN laissez-passer
10201:UN Global Compact
10158:Delivering as One
10057:Secretary-General
9948:
9947:
9928:Indigenous Caucus
9822:Tehran Conference
9816:Moscow Conference
9791:Preparatory years
9760:League of Nations
9660:
9659:
9560:Palace of Nations
9262:UNEP/GRID-Arendal
9078:Secretary-General
9021:Amina J. Mohammed
9008:Secretary-General
8963:
8962:
8959:
8958:
8946:Hague Conventions
8897:
8896:
8800:
8799:
8720:International law
8708:
8707:
8524:Introductory note
8383:Buell v. Mitchell
8347:978-0-521-19109-8
7855:"OHCHR Dashboard"
7363:ICCPR, Article 7.
7256:ICCPR, Article 3.
6403:
6402:
6398:22 September 2011
6378:20 September 2011
6318:25 September 2008
6258:
6257:
6164:24 September 1982
6076:28 September 1995
5983:16 September 1968
5933:21 September 1995
5872:23 September 2003
5733:11 September 1976
5649:18 September 1992
5611:29 September 1967
5507:11 September 1980
5469:28 September 1976
4965:15 September 1978
4845:10 September 1992
4731:23 September 2010
4696:13 September 1972
4180:13 September 1990
4124:19 September 2006
4063:17 September 1969
4043:17 September 1991
3896:22 September 2004
3782:25 September 2009
3668:14 September 1981
3557:21 September 1979
3492:15 September 1978
3133:12 September 2000
2769:11 September 1993
2680:25 September 1987
2672:Equatorial Guinea
2647:21 September 1967
2562:18 September 2003
2511:17 September 1993
2183:16 September 1969
1932:21 September 1970
1765:10 September 1996
1616:20 September 2006
1530:10 September 1978
1475:23 September 1993
1356:22 September 2006
1326:12 September 1989
1246:Entry into force
1124:Ireland's use of
971:House of Habsburg
944:
943:
833:same-sex marriage
725:Freedom of speech
672:ex post facto law
530:. In response to
382:and the right to
347:retrospective law
236:(ICESCR) and the
232:, along with the
198:freedom of speech
170:
169:
39: State party
11571:
11564:Treaties of Fiji
11359:Treaties of Togo
11189:Treaties of Peru
11064:Treaties of Mali
11004:Treaties of Laos
10714:Treaties of Chad
10524:World portal
10522:
10521:
10428:Biopiracy treaty
10014:Nagorno-Karabakh
9984:Security Council
9967:General Assembly
9894:Human Rights Day
9834:Yalta Conference
9804:Atlantic Charter
9725:
9724:
9681:Founding members
9602:Peace Operations
9486:World Bank Group
9180:Culture of Peace
9171:and other bodies
9124:Security Council
9100:General Assembly
9066:Principal organs
9045:
9044:
9012:António Guterres
8990:
8983:
8976:
8967:
8966:
8903:
8902:
8806:
8805:
8714:
8713:
8683:Paris Principles
8608:
8607:
8593:
8586:
8579:
8570:
8569:
8496:
8495:
8493:
8491:
8476:
8467:
8464:
8458:
8455:
8449:
8447:
8430:(8): 1955–2094.
8411:
8405:
8402:
8396:
8376:
8370:
8367:
8361:
8358:
8352:
8351:
8325:
8319:
8318:
8316:
8314:
8298:
8292:
8291:
8284:
8278:
8277:
8275:
8273:
8267:www.jdslanka.org
8259:
8253:
8252:
8245:
8239:
8228:
8222:
8221:
8193:
8187:
8184:
8178:
8175:
8169:
8168:
8162:
8154:
8143:
8140:
8134:
8133:
8126:
8120:
8110:
8104:
8094:
8088:
8078:
8072:
8062:
8056:
8046:
8040:
8032:
8026:
8020:
8014:
8008:
8002:
8001:
7994:
7988:
7987:
7981:
7973:
7971:
7969:
7925:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7914:
7903:
7894:
7893:
7882:
7876:
7873:
7867:
7866:
7864:
7862:
7857:. United Nations
7851:
7842:
7839:
7833:
7830:
7824:
7821:
7815:
7814:
7806:
7800:
7797:
7791:
7788:
7782:
7779:
7773:
7770:
7764:
7761:
7755:
7752:
7746:
7745:
7738:
7732:
7731:
7724:
7718:
7715:
7706:
7703:
7697:
7694:
7688:
7685:
7679:
7678:
7676:
7674:
7663:
7652:
7651:
7640:
7634:
7631:
7625:
7622:
7616:
7613:
7607:
7604:
7598:
7595:
7589:
7586:
7580:
7577:
7571:
7568:
7562:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7546:
7540:
7537:
7526:
7523:
7517:
7514:
7508:
7505:
7499:
7498:
7496:
7494:
7483:
7474:
7471:
7465:
7462:
7456:
7453:
7447:
7446:
7444:
7442:
7431:
7422:
7419:
7413:
7410:
7404:
7401:
7395:
7392:
7386:
7385:
7383:
7381:
7370:
7364:
7361:
7352:
7349:
7343:
7340:
7334:
7331:
7325:
7324:
7322:
7320:
7309:
7296:
7293:
7287:
7284:
7278:
7275:
7266:
7263:
7257:
7254:
7248:
7245:
7239:
7236:
7230:
7227:
7221:
7218:
7212:
7209:
7203:
7200:
7194:
7191:
7185:
7182:
7176:
7173:
7164:
7163:
7155:
7149:
7148:
7146:
7144:
7132:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7118:
7113:on 13 March 2008
7103:
7092:
7084:
7078:
7075:
7069:
7068:
7058:
7008:
7005:
6999:
6992:Legislative Yuan
6988:
6982:
6971:
6962:
6950:
6941:
6937:
6931:
6922:
6920:
6919:
6913:
6907:
6902:
6900:
6899:
6890:
6888:
6887:
6874:
6872:
6871:
6865:
6856:
6853:
6847:
6840:
6838:
6837:
6826:
6824:
6823:
6812:
6810:
6809:
6800:
6798:
6797:
6786:
6784:
6783:
6768:
6766:
6765:
6759:
6742:
6735:
6729:
6726:
6675:
6670:
6669:
6646:
6644:
6643:
6633:
6631:
6630:
6620:
6618:
6617:
6607:
6605:
6604:
6587:
6585:
6584:
6574:
6572:
6571:
6561:
6559:
6558:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6535:
6533:
6532:
6522:
6520:
6519:
6509:
6507:
6506:
6496:
6494:
6493:
6483:
6481:
6480:
6470:
6468:
6467:
6457:
6455:
6454:
6444:
6442:
6441:
6431:
6429:
6428:
6418:
6416:
6415:
6399:
6391:
6389:
6388:
6379:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6359:
6358:12 November 2001
6351:
6349:
6348:
6339:
6338:28 February 2008
6331:
6329:
6328:
6319:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6299:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6273:
6272:
6254:
6249:
6238:
6236:
6235:
6226:
6221:
6210:
6208:
6207:
6198:
6193:
6182:
6180:
6179:
6170:
6169:24 December 1982
6165:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6124:
6122:
6121:
6112:
6111:21 February 2009
6107:
6106:21 November 2008
6102:
6101:29 November 2007
6094:
6092:
6091:
6082:
6081:28 December 1995
6077:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6043:21 February 1967
6036:
6034:
6033:
6024:
6023:8 September 1992
6019:
6014:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5976:
5974:
5973:
5964:
5959:
5958:12 November 1973
5954:
5946:
5944:
5943:
5934:
5929:
5918:
5916:
5915:
5906:
5901:
5890:
5888:
5887:
5878:
5877:23 December 2003
5873:
5868:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5818:
5813:
5812:21 December 1978
5802:
5800:
5799:
5790:
5785:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5762:
5757:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5734:
5729:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5706:
5701:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5678:
5673:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5650:
5645:
5634:
5632:
5631:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5592:
5587:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5564:
5559:
5558:28 December 1976
5548:
5546:
5545:
5536:
5531:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5508:
5503:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5447:5 February 2024
5438:
5436:
5435:
5426:
5421:
5420:10 December 1998
5416:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5396:
5391:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5368:
5363:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5340:
5335:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5312:
5311:23 November 1996
5307:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5284:
5279:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5256:
5251:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5228:
5223:
5222:13 February 1978
5218:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5166:
5161:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5138:
5133:
5132:15 February 2008
5122:
5120:
5119:
5110:
5105:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5082:
5077:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4994:
4989:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4895:19 December 1966
4888:
4886:
4885:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4846:
4841:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4818:
4813:
4804:Papua New Guinea
4802:
4800:
4799:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4760:
4755:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4672:
4667:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4644:
4639:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4616:
4611:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4588:
4583:
4582:28 December 1978
4578:
4577:12 November 1968
4570:
4568:
4567:
4558:
4553:
4552:11 December 1978
4548:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4528:
4523:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4500:
4499:28 February 1995
4495:
4494:28 November 1994
4484:
4482:
4481:
4472:
4467:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4414:
4409:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4386:
4381:
4380:18 November 1974
4376:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4356:
4355:28 November 1997
4351:
4346:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4326:
4321:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4298:
4293:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4270:
4265:
4264:12 December 1973
4254:
4252:
4251:
4242:
4241:17 February 2005
4237:
4236:17 November 2004
4226:
4224:
4223:
4214:
4209:
4200:Marshall Islands
4198:
4196:
4195:
4186:
4185:13 December 1990
4181:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4158:
4153:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4130:
4129:19 December 2006
4125:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4102:
4097:
4096:22 December 1993
4086:
4084:
4083:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4044:
4039:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4016:
4015:18 November 1983
4011:
4006:
4005:26 November 1974
3998:
3996:
3995:
3986:
3985:10 February 1992
3981:
3980:20 November 1991
3970:
3968:
3967:
3958:
3953:
3952:10 December 1998
3942:
3940:
3939:
3930:
3925:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3902:
3901:22 December 2004
3897:
3892:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3872:
3867:
3866:9 September 1992
3856:
3854:
3853:
3844:
3839:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3816:
3811:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3788:
3787:25 December 2009
3783:
3778:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3758:
3753:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3730:
3725:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3702:
3697:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3674:
3673:14 December 1981
3669:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3646:
3641:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3517:19 December 1966
3510:
3508:
3507:
3498:
3497:15 December 1978
3493:
3488:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3457:19 December 1966
3450:
3448:
3447:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3397:18 February 1969
3390:
3388:
3387:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3348:
3343:
3342:23 February 2006
3332:
3330:
3329:
3320:
3315:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3292:
3291:22 November 1979
3287:
3282:
3281:30 December 1968
3274:
3272:
3271:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3232:
3231:25 November 1997
3227:
3222:
3221:19 December 1966
3214:
3212:
3211:
3202:
3197:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3174:
3169:
3168:15 February 1977
3164:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3103:28 February 1967
3096:
3094:
3093:
3084:
3079:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3056:
3051:
3050:6 September 1991
3040:
3038:
3037:
3028:
3023:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3000:
2995:
2994:7 September 2000
2990:
2989:7 September 2000
2982:
2980:
2979:
2970:
2965:
2964:17 December 1973
2960:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2940:
2935:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2912:
2907:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2884:
2879:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2856:
2851:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2798:
2797:16 November 2018
2793:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2770:
2765:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2742:
2737:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2714:
2709:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2686:
2685:25 December 1987
2681:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2658:
2657:29 February 1980
2653:
2652:30 November 1979
2648:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2568:
2567:18 December 2003
2563:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2540:
2535:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2512:
2507:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2484:
2479:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2426:
2421:
2420:22 February 1993
2410:
2408:
2407:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2387:19 December 1966
2380:
2378:
2377:
2368:
2363:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2340:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2310:
2305:
2304:29 November 1968
2300:
2299:19 December 1966
2292:
2290:
2289:
2280:
2275:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2252:
2247:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2213:21 December 1966
2206:
2204:
2203:
2194:
2189:
2188:10 February 1972
2184:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2164:
2163:9 September 1995
2159:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2136:
2131:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2108:
2103:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2080:
2075:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2052:
2047:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1994:
1989:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1966:
1961:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1908:
1903:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1880:
1875:
1874:8 September 2000
1870:
1869:8 September 2000
1862:
1860:
1859:
1850:
1845:
1844:1 September 1993
1834:
1832:
1831:
1822:
1821:12 November 1982
1817:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1794:
1789:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1766:
1761:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1727:10 December 1968
1720:
1718:
1717:
1708:
1703:
1702:12 November 1973
1698:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1678:
1673:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1650:
1645:
1644:6 September 2000
1634:
1632:
1631:
1622:
1621:20 December 2006
1617:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1594:
1589:
1588:23 December 2008
1584:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1564:
1563:13 November 1992
1559:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1536:
1535:10 December 1978
1531:
1526:
1525:10 December 1973
1518:
1516:
1515:
1506:
1505:13 November 1980
1501:
1496:
1495:18 December 1972
1488:
1486:
1485:
1476:
1471:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1437:18 February 1968
1430:
1428:
1427:
1418:
1413:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1390:
1385:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1362:
1361:22 December 2006
1357:
1352:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1332:
1331:12 December 1989
1327:
1322:
1321:10 December 1968
1314:
1312:
1311:
1302:
1297:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1274:
1269:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1234:
1233:
1217:Supremacy Clause
1159:Sinhala language
1099:Privacy Act 1988
939:
936:
918:
911:
867:Political rights
771:right of privacy
688:
681:peremptory norms
490:infant mortality
404:right to privacy
335:public emergency
152:
151:
86:16 December 1966
55:
50:
44:
38:
31:
24:
20:
11579:
11578:
11574:
11573:
11572:
11570:
11569:
11568:
10534:
10533:
10532:
10527:
10516:
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750:right of return
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737:Right of Return
711:Main articles:
709:
641:double jeopardy
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598:Main articles:
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494:life expectancy
482:
470:Main articles:
468:
429:minority rights
349:, the right to
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9023:
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8997:United Nations
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8857:Social Charter
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8424:Colum. L. Rev.
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8397:
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8353:
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8340:. p. 95.
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8188:
8179:
8170:
8144:
8135:
8121:
8119:(k) & (m).
8105:
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7989:
7940:(3): 469–503.
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10365:
10364:
10363:
10360:
10356:
10353:
10352:
10351:
10348:
10346:
10343:
10339:
10336:
10335:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10308:Treaty Series
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10274:
10271:
10267:
10264:
10263:
10262:
10259:
10257:
10254:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
10227:
10224:
10222:
10219:
10217:
10214:
10212:
10209:
10207:
10204:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10185:
10182:
10181:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10159:
10155:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10138:
10135:
10134:
10132:
10130:
10126:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10074:
10072:
10068:
10065:
10063:
10060:
10059:
10058:
10055:
10054:
10052:
10048:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9986:
9985:
9982:
9978:
9975:
9973:
9970:
9969:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9959:
9957:
9955:
9951:
9941:
9938:
9936:
9933:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9920:
9919:
9916:
9912:
9909:
9908:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9895:
9892:
9890:
9887:
9886:
9885:
9882:
9878:
9875:
9873:
9870:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9859:
9858:
9855:
9854:
9852:
9848:
9841:
9838:
9835:
9832:
9829:
9826:
9823:
9820:
9817:
9814:
9811:
9808:
9805:
9802:
9799:
9796:
9795:
9793:
9789:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9762:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9732:
9730:
9726:
9723:
9721:
9717:
9709:
9706:
9705:
9704:
9701:
9697:
9694:
9693:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9677:
9674:
9673:
9671:
9669:
9668:and observers
9663:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9612:Legal Affairs
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9586:
9583:
9582:
9581:
9578:
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9526:
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9521:
9520:
9518:
9516:
9510:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9488:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9462:
9459:
9457:
9454:
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9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9393:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9361:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9347:
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9342:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9254:
9253:
9250:
9246:
9243:
9242:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9208:
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9201:
9198:
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9191:
9188:
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9140:
9137:
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9132:
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9127:
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9125:
9122:
9118:
9115:
9114:
9113:
9110:
9106:
9103:
9102:
9101:
9098:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9083:
9079:
9076:
9075:
9074:
9071:
9070:
9068:
9064:
9058:
9055:
9054:
9052:
9050:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9037:
9031:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9009:
9006:
9005:
9002:
8998:
8991:
8986:
8984:
8979:
8977:
8972:
8971:
8968:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
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8919:
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8900:
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8880:
8878:
8875:
8874:
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8870:
8867:
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8840:
8838:
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8816:
8812:
8807:
8803:
8793:
8790:
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8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8770:
8768:
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8676:
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8668:
8665:
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8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
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8618:
8614:
8609:
8605:
8601:
8594:
8589:
8587:
8582:
8580:
8575:
8574:
8571:
8564:
8560:
8558:
8554:
8550:
8549:Ruth Wedgwood
8546:
8543:
8541:
8537:
8533:
8529:
8525:
8522:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
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8031:
8024:
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8012:
8007:
7999:
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7963:
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7947:
7943:
7939:
7935:
7931:
7924:
7908:
7902:
7900:
7891:
7887:
7881:
7872:
7856:
7850:
7848:
7838:
7829:
7820:
7812:
7805:
7796:
7787:
7778:
7769:
7760:
7751:
7743:
7737:
7729:
7723:
7714:
7712:
7702:
7693:
7684:
7668:
7662:
7660:
7658:
7649:
7648:www.ohchr.org
7645:
7639:
7630:
7621:
7612:
7603:
7594:
7585:
7576:
7567:
7551:
7545:
7536:
7534:
7532:
7522:
7513:
7504:
7488:
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7428:
7418:
7409:
7400:
7391:
7375:
7369:
7360:
7358:
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7339:
7330:
7314:
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7292:
7283:
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7262:
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7217:
7208:
7199:
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7131:
7129:
7112:
7108:
7102:
7100:
7098:
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7089:
7083:
7074:
7067:
7063:
7057:
7055:
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7051:
7049:
7047:
7045:
7043:
7041:
7039:
7037:
7035:
7033:
7031:
7029:
7027:
7025:
7023:
7018:
7004:
6997:
6993:
6987:
6980:
6976:
6970:
6968:
6960:
6956:
6949:
6947:
6936:
6929:
6925:
6912:
6905:
6893:
6881:
6877:
6864:
6862:
6852:
6843:
6832:
6829:
6818:
6815:
6803:
6792:
6789:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6771:
6758:
6756:
6754:
6752:
6750:
6748:
6740:
6734:
6725:
6721:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6678:
6674:
6668:
6663:
6653:
6650:(through the
6649:
6638:
6636:
6625:
6623:
6612:
6610:
6599:
6598:
6590:
6579:
6577:
6566:
6564:
6553:
6551:
6540:
6538:
6527:
6525:
6514:
6512:
6501:
6499:
6488:
6486:
6475:
6473:
6462:
6460:
6449:
6447:
6436:
6434:
6423:
6421:
6410:
6409:
6396:
6394:
6383:
6382:
6376:
6374:
6363:
6362:
6356:
6354:
6343:
6342:
6336:
6334:
6323:
6322:
6316:
6314:
6303:
6302:
6296:
6294:
6283:
6282:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6266:
6251:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6230:
6229:
6223:
6220:10 April 1984
6218:
6215:
6213:
6202:
6201:
6195:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6174:
6173:
6167:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6146:
6145:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6127:
6116:
6115:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6097:
6086:
6085:
6079:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6058:
6057:
6053:23 March 1976
6051:
6046:
6041:
6039:
6028:
6027:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6009:
6008:United States
5998:
5997:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5979:
5968:
5967:
5963:23 March 1976
5961:
5956:
5953:20 March 1968
5951:
5949:
5938:
5937:
5931:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5910:
5909:
5905:1 August 1997
5903:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5882:
5881:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5863:
5852:
5851:
5847:23 March 1976
5845:
5842:18 March 1969
5840:
5837:30 April 1968
5835:
5833:
5822:
5821:
5817:21 March 1979
5815:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5794:
5793:
5787:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5766:
5765:
5759:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5738:
5737:
5731:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5710:
5709:
5703:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5682:
5681:
5677:23 March 1976
5675:
5672:21 April 1969
5670:
5667:
5665:
5654:
5653:
5647:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5626:
5625:
5621:23 March 1976
5619:
5614:
5609:
5607:
5596:
5595:
5589:
5586:26 March 2004
5584:
5581:
5579:
5568:
5567:
5563:28 March 1977
5561:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5540:
5539:
5533:
5530:18 March 1986
5528:
5525:
5523:
5512:
5511:
5505:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5484:
5483:
5477:
5474:27 April 1977
5472:
5467:
5465:
5454:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5430:
5429:
5425:10 March 1999
5423:
5418:
5413:
5411:
5400:
5399:
5395:24 April 1990
5393:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5372:
5371:
5365:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5344:
5343:
5337:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5316:
5315:
5309:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5288:
5287:
5283:5 August 1992
5281:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5260:
5259:
5255:27 April 1992
5253:
5250:12 March 2001
5248:
5245:
5243:
5232:
5231:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5213:
5202:
5201:
5197:10 April 2017
5195:
5190:
5185:
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5170:
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5163:
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5155:
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5142:
5141:
5135:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5114:
5113:
5107:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5086:
5085:
5081:23 March 1976
5079:
5076:16 April 1975
5074:
5071:
5069:
5058:
5057:
5053:23 March 1976
5051:
5046:
5043:18 March 1968
5041:
5039:
5028:
5027:
5023:23 March 1976
5021:
5016:
5011:
5009:
4998:
4997:
4991:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4970:
4969:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4951:
4940:
4939:
4933:
4930:18 March 1977
4928:
4923:
4921:
4910:
4909:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4891:
4880:
4879:
4873:
4870:28 April 1978
4868:
4863:
4861:
4850:
4849:
4843:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4822:
4821:
4815:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4794:
4793:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4775:
4764:
4763:
4757:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4736:
4735:
4729:
4724:
4721:17 April 2008
4719:
4717:
4706:
4705:
4701:23 March 1976
4699:
4694:
4691:20 March 1968
4689:
4687:
4676:
4675:
4669:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4648:
4647:
4641:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4620:
4619:
4613:
4610:12 March 1980
4608:
4605:
4603:
4592:
4591:
4587:28 March 1979
4585:
4580:
4575:
4573:
4562:
4561:
4557:11 March 1979
4555:
4550:
4545:
4543:
4532:
4531:
4525:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4504:
4503:
4497:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4476:
4475:
4469:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4448:
4447:
4443:3 August 1979
4441:
4436:
4431:
4429:
4418:
4417:
4411:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4390:
4389:
4385:23 March 1976
4383:
4378:
4373:
4371:
4360:
4359:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4341:
4330:
4329:
4325:26 April 1993
4323:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4302:
4301:
4295:
4292:23 March 1981
4290:
4287:
4285:
4274:
4273:
4269:23 March 1976
4267:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4246:
4245:
4239:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4218:
4217:
4211:
4208:12 March 2018
4206:
4203:
4201:
4190:
4189:
4183:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4162:
4161:
4157:23 March 1976
4155:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4134:
4133:
4127:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4106:
4105:
4101:22 March 1994
4099:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4078:
4077:
4073:23 March 1976
4071:
4066:
4061:
4059:
4048:
4047:
4041:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4020:
4019:
4013:
4008:
4003:
4001:
3990:
3989:
3983:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3962:
3961:
3957:10 March 1999
3955:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3944:Liechtenstein
3934:
3933:
3929:23 March 1976
3927:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3906:
3905:
3899:
3894:
3891:18 April 1967
3889:
3887:
3876:
3875:
3869:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3848:
3847:
3843:23 March 1976
3841:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3820:
3819:
3813:
3810:14 April 1992
3808:
3805:
3803:
3792:
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3785:
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3773:
3762:
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3755:
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3747:
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3722:
3719:
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3706:
3705:
3699:
3696:10 April 1990
3694:
3691:
3689:
3678:
3677:
3671:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3650:
3649:
3645:23 March 1976
3643:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3622:
3621:
3617:24 April 2006
3615:
3610:
3605:
3603:
3592:
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3587:23 March 1976
3585:
3580:
3575:
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3555:
3550:
3545:
3543:
3532:
3531:
3527:23 March 1976
3525:
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3515:
3513:
3502:
3501:
3495:
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3485:
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3472:
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3455:
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3430:
3425:
3423:
3412:
3411:
3407:23 March 1976
3405:
3400:
3395:
3393:
3382:
3381:
3377:23 March 1976
3375:
3370:
3365:
3363:
3352:
3351:
3345:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3324:
3323:
3317:
3314:10 April 1979
3312:
3309:
3307:
3296:
3295:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3277:
3266:
3265:
3261:23 March 1976
3259:
3254:
3251:25 March 1969
3249:
3247:
3236:
3235:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3217:
3206:
3205:
3199:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3178:
3177:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3159:
3148:
3147:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3129:
3128:Guinea-Bissau
3118:
3117:
3113:24 April 1978
3111:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3088:
3087:
3083:5 August 1992
3081:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3060:
3059:
3053:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3032:
3031:
3027:5 August 1997
3025:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3004:
3003:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2985:
2974:
2973:
2969:23 March 1976
2967:
2962:
2957:
2955:
2944:
2943:
2939:3 August 1994
2937:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2916:
2915:
2909:
2906:22 March 1979
2904:
2901:
2899:
2888:
2887:
2883:21 April 1983
2881:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2860:
2859:
2853:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2832:
2831:
2827:23 March 1976
2825:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2802:
2801:
2795:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2774:
2773:
2767:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2746:
2745:
2739:
2734:
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2729:
2718:
2717:
2713:22 April 2002
2711:
2706:
2703:
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2690:
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2678:
2675:
2673:
2662:
2661:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2632:
2631:
2627:14 April 1982
2625:
2620:
2617:4 August 1967
2615:
2613:
2602:
2601:
2597:23 March 1976
2595:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2572:
2571:
2565:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2544:
2543:
2537:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2516:
2515:
2509:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2488:
2487:
2481:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2460:
2459:
2455:23 March 1976
2453:
2448:
2445:20 March 1968
2443:
2441:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2402:
2401:
2397:23 March 1976
2395:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2372:
2371:
2365:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2344:
2343:
2337:
2334:26 March 1992
2332:
2329:
2326:
2325:Côte d'Ivoire
2314:
2313:
2309:23 March 1976
2307:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2284:
2283:
2277:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2256:
2255:
2249:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2228:
2227:
2223:23 March 1976
2221:
2216:
2211:
2209:
2198:
2197:
2193:23 March 1976
2191:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2168:
2167:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2140:
2139:
2135:8 August 1981
2133:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2112:
2111:
2105:
2102:6 August 1993
2100:
2097:
2095:
2084:
2083:
2077:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2056:
2055:
2051:27 April 1984
2049:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2028:
2027:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2009:
1998:
1997:
1993:8 August 1990
1991:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1942:
1941:
1937:23 March 1976
1935:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1912:
1911:
1907:24 April 1992
1905:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1884:
1883:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1826:
1825:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1788:12 March 1992
1786:
1783:
1781:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1742:
1741:
1735:
1732:12 April 1983
1730:
1725:
1723:
1712:
1711:
1707:23 March 1976
1705:
1700:
1697:19 March 1968
1695:
1693:
1682:
1681:
1677:23 March 1976
1675:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1626:
1625:
1619:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1598:
1597:
1593:23 March 2009
1591:
1586:
1581:
1579:
1568:
1567:
1561:
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1551:
1540:
1539:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1480:
1479:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1452:
1451:
1445:
1442:8 August 1986
1440:
1435:
1433:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1394:
1393:
1389:10 April 1992
1387:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1354:
1351:5 August 2002
1349:
1347:
1336:
1335:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1278:
1277:
1273:24 April 1983
1271:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1182:United States
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1130:
1127:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1089:
1085:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:United States
1048:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
994:
990:
986:
984:
980:
978:
974:
972:
968:
964:
961:
957:
955:
951:
947:
938:
929:
925:
922:This section
920:
917:
913:
912:
904:
901:
896:
893:
883:
880:
877:In contrast,
875:
873:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
840:
836:
834:
830:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
802:
798:
796:
792:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
772:
769:mandates the
768:
764:
762:
758:
755:
751:
747:
743:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
704:
702:
698:
694:
692:
687:
682:
678:
674:
673:
668:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
623:
618:
614:
610:
605:
601:
591:
589:
585:
583:
578:
574:
571:
567:
564:
559:
558:Habeas corpus
549:
547:
546:forced labour
543:
539:
535:
533:
529:
525:
520:
516:
512:
508:
506:
502:
497:
495:
492:and increase
491:
486:
481:
477:
473:
472:Right to life
463:
461:
457:
455:
451:
448:
444:
440:
434:
430:
426:
424:(Article 25);
423:
422:right to vote
419:
416:
412:
408:
405:
401:
398:
394:
390:
387:
386:
385:habeas corpus
381:
377:
374:
373:
372:
370:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
331:
327:
323:
320:
316:
312:
308:
300:
298:
293:
290:
286:
281:
278:
274:
270:
261:
252:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
226:
224:
220:
216:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
190:right to life
187:
183:
179:
175:
164:
161:
160:
158:
155:
147:Full text at
145:
141:
137:
134:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
108:23 March 1976
107:
103:
100:
99:New York City
96:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
30:
25:
19:
10515:
10477:
10469:
10415:
10261:Peacekeeping
10236:Interpreters
10205:
10156:
9857:Peacekeeping
9775:organization
9676:Full members
9637:Partnerships
9523:Headquarters
9245:peacekeeping
8907:
8811:Regional law
8810:
8786:
8718:
8612:
8552:
8535:
8488:. Retrieved
8462:
8453:
8427:
8422:
8415:Yoo, John C.
8409:
8400:
8386:274 F.3d 337
8382:
8378:
8374:
8365:
8356:
8333:
8323:
8311:. Retrieved
8306:
8296:
8282:
8270:. Retrieved
8266:
8257:
8243:
8226:
8201:
8197:
8191:
8182:
8173:
8164:
8138:
8124:
8112:
8108:
8096:
8092:
8080:
8076:
8064:
8060:
8048:
8044:
8034:
8030:
8018:
8006:
7992:
7978:cite journal
7966:. Retrieved
7937:
7933:
7923:
7913:10 September
7911:. Retrieved
7889:
7880:
7871:
7859:. Retrieved
7837:
7828:
7819:
7804:
7795:
7786:
7777:
7768:
7759:
7750:
7736:
7722:
7701:
7692:
7683:
7671:. Retrieved
7647:
7638:
7629:
7620:
7611:
7602:
7593:
7584:
7575:
7566:
7554:. Retrieved
7544:
7521:
7512:
7503:
7491:. Retrieved
7469:
7460:
7451:
7439:. Retrieved
7417:
7408:
7399:
7390:
7378:. Retrieved
7368:
7347:
7338:
7329:
7317:. Retrieved
7291:
7282:
7261:
7252:
7243:
7234:
7225:
7216:
7207:
7198:
7189:
7180:
7159:
7153:
7141:. Retrieved
7115:. Retrieved
7111:the original
7086:
7082:
7073:
7065:
7003:
6986:
6935:
6924:East Germany
6911:
6851:
6733:
6724:
6648:Vatican City
6609:Cook Islands
6524:Saudi Arabia
6264:
6225:10 July 1984
6131:24 June 1969
5928:21 June 1995
5892:Turkmenistan
5728:11 June 1976
5705:4 April 1999
5644:18 June 1992
5633:
5591:26 June 2004
5535:18 June 1986
5502:11 June 1980
5479:27 July 1977
5410:South Africa
5298:Sierra Leone
5013:27 June 1968
4960:15 June 1978
4935:18 June 1977
4925:2 March 1967
4875:28 July 1978
4840:10 June 1992
4812:21 July 2008
4784:8 March 1977
4779:27 July 1976
4754:2 April 2014
4726:23 June 2010
4666:29 July 1993
4638:7 March 1986
4615:12 June 1980
4547:25 June 1969
4466:21 July 1993
4345:26 June 1997
4297:23 June 1981
4213:12 June 2018
4152:16 July 1974
4068:21 June 1971
3815:14 July 1992
3701:10 July 1990
3688:Korea, South
3660:Korea, North
3577:30 June 1972
3552:21 June 1979
3437:8 March 1990
3372:24 June 1975
3367:4 April 1968
3319:10 July 1979
2911:22 June 1979
2764:11 June 1993
2592:6 March 1969
2587:4 April 1968
2539:4 April 1978
2506:17 June 1993
2392:2 April 1969
2339:26 June 1992
1965:4 April 1999
1952:Burkina Faso
1849:6 March 1992
1793:12 June 1992
1760:10 June 1996
1737:12 July 1983
1578:Bahamas, The
1470:23 June 1993
1237:State party
1230:
1221:Louis Henkin
1209:
1197:reservations
1190:
1148:
1136:
1123:
1114:
1107:
1095:
1086:
1082:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1004:
1003:
998:
997:
992:
988:
987:
982:
981:
976:
975:
966:
965:
959:
958:
954:constitution
949:
948:
945:
932:
928:adding to it
923:
907:Reservations
897:
889:
878:
876:
871:
870:
844:
843:
838:
837:
828:
827:
814:
806:
805:
800:
799:
790:
789:
776:
775:
766:
765:
760:
759:
741:
740:
696:
695:
670:
666:
665:
649:speedy trial
639:and forbids
626:
622:Article 14.3
621:
613:Article 14.1
612:
608:
607:
587:
586:
576:
575:
569:
568:
562:
561:
537:
536:
510:
509:
498:
484:
483:
459:
458:
453:
452:
442:
441:
438:
383:
368:
367:
330:legal remedy
325:
324:
310:
309:
306:
294:
282:
266:
242:
227:
177:
173:
171:
18:
10490:UNICEF club
10184:Honour Flag
10019:North Korea
9954:Resolutions
9901:Enlargement
9073:Secretariat
8490:28 February
8448:At p. 1959.
8313:21 February
7861:25 November
6393:Saint Lucia
6248:13 May 1991
6136:10 May 1978
6048:21 May 1967
6018:8 June 1992
5988:20 May 1976
5784:24 May 1984
5636:Switzerland
5450:5 May 2024
5440:South Sudan
5362:6 July 1992
5334:28 May 1993
5227:13 May 1978
5217:6 July 1970
5137:15 May 2008
4988:21 May 2018
4890:Philippines
4789:8 June 1977
4759:2 July 2014
4643:7 June 1986
4572:New Zealand
4542:Netherlands
4522:14 May 1991
4413:3 June 2006
4375:5 June 1968
3924:15 May 1970
3724:21 May 1996
3582:28 May 1975
3547:30 May 1978
3347:23 May 2006
3173:15 May 1977
2898:Gambia, The
2642:El Salvador
2158:9 June 1995
2074:19 May 1976
2018:26 May 1992
1412:3 July 2019
1260:Afghanistan
1201:hate speech
1155:child abuse
1133:New Zealand
1060:association
1056:free speech
993:in absentia
744:guarantees
528:refoulement
223:North Korea
206:due process
113:Signatories
10538:Categories
10478:Ex Tempore
10470:UN Special
10391:UN Mandate
9850:Activities
9456:UN Tourism
9279:UN-HABITAT
9257:OzonAction
9082:selections
7673:10 October
7556:10 October
7493:10 October
7441:10 October
7380:10 October
7319:10 October
7143:4 November
7014:References
6842:Montenegro
6770:Yugoslavia
6472:Micronesia
6197:9 May 1987
6068:Uzbekistan
5900:1 May 1997
5692:Tajikistan
5278:5 May 1992
5270:Seychelles
5152:San Marino
4458:Mozambique
4438:3 May 1979
4400:Montenegro
4228:Mauritania
4058:Madagascar
4000:Luxembourg
3744:Kyrgyzstan
3640:1 May 1972
3602:Kazakhstan
3201:6 May 1991
3078:5 May 1992
3022:5 May 1997
2934:3 May 1994
2554:East Timor
2294:Costa Rica
2130:8 May 1981
2094:Cape Verde
1988:8 May 1990
1636:Bangladesh
1550:Azerbaijan
1072:fourteenth
1039:The Gambia
989:Bangladesh
879:Article 26
845:Article 27
839:Article 24
829:Article 23
807:Article 21
801:Article 20
791:Article 19
777:Article 18
767:Article 17
761:Article 13
742:Article 12
697:Article 16
686:jus cogens
667:Article 15
655:, against
617:open court
609:Article 14
588:Article 11
577:Article 10
540:prohibits
513:prohibits
415:incitement
411:propaganda
359:conscience
351:personhood
154:Wikisource
129:Depositary
10350:UN reform
10152:Criticism
10050:Elections
10024:Palestine
9911:committee
9319:UN-Oceans
9267:UNEP-WCMC
9151:President
9139:President
9129:Elections
9105:President
9040:UN System
8833:European
8551:entitled
8518:article 2
8117:s 11
8101:s 11
8085:s 11
8069:s 11
8053:s 11
8013:, Part 3.
7968:20 August
7954:0020-8183
6975:Hong Kong
6537:Singapore
6126:Venezuela
5578:Swaziland
5494:Sri Lanka
4746:Palestine
4602:Nicaragua
4256:Mauritius
3972:Lithuania
3334:Indonesia
3070:Guatemala
1490:Australia
1432:Argentina
1145:Sri Lanka
1092:Australia
960:Australia
950:Argentina
935:June 2010
853:religious
817:mandates
809:mandates
793:mandates
779:mandates
563:Article 9
538:Article 8
511:Article 7
485:Article 6
139:Languages
105:Effective
10495:Model UN
10480:magazine
10472:magazine
10401:UN Sacco
9889:drafting
9867:timeline
9862:missions
9765:archives
9381:UN Women
9369:UNU-CRIS
9220:UNCITRAL
9057:Preamble
8701:(UNDROP)
8669:(UNDRIP)
8417:(1999).
8389:Archived
8210:22908613
8025:, Part 2
8000:, ComLaw
7962:15372366
6904:Slovakia
6659:See also
6652:Holy See
6459:Malaysia
6446:Kiribati
6240:Zimbabwe
5748:Thailand
5720:Tanzania
5550:Suriname
5354:Slovenia
5326:Slovakia
4950:Portugal
4832:Paraguay
4716:Pakistan
4370:Mongolia
4116:Maldives
3216:Honduras
2756:Ethiopia
2498:Dominica
2470:Djibouti
2208:Colombia
2038:Cameroon
2008:Cambodia
1922:Bulgaria
1864:Botswana
1664:Barbados
1170:and the
1164:Facebook
1045:Pakistan
999:Barbados
689:) under
631:and the
363:religion
289:positive
285:negative
240:(UDHR).
91:Location
10444:Outline
10129:Related
10009:Lebanon
9780:members
9770:charter
9720:History
9666:Members
9565:Nairobi
9200:MINURSO
9134:Members
9117:Statute
9049:Charter
8663:(DEVAW)
8657:(DEDAW)
8555:in the
8545:Lecture
8538:in the
8534:on the
8444:1123607
8272:2 April
8218:2257114
6485:Myanmar
6313:Comoros
6279:Signed
6156:Vietnam
6096:Vanuatu
6038:Uruguay
5948:Ukraine
5832:Tunisia
5382:Somalia
5212:Senegal
5008:Romania
4658:Nigeria
4486:Namibia
4428:Morocco
4312:Moldova
3886:Liberia
3858:Lesotho
3830:Lebanon
3512:Jamaica
3422:Ireland
3276:Iceland
3246:Hungary
3042:Grenada
2954:Germany
2926:Georgia
2812:Finland
2728:Estonia
2700:Eritrea
2582:Ecuador
2440:Denmark
2354:Croatia
1980:Burundi
1808:Bolivia
1722:Belgium
1692:Belarus
1608:Bahrain
1520:Austria
1462:Armenia
1346:Andorra
1316:Algeria
1288:Albania
1240:Signed
1219:(Prof.
1168:Civicus
1120:Ireland
1032:Denmark
1005:Belgium
983:Bahrain
977:Bahamas
967:Austria
653:counsel
542:slavery
515:torture
480:Slavery
476:Torture
343:slavery
339:torture
255:History
121:Parties
75:Drafted
10328:UN Day
10266:Canada
10142:CCISUA
10004:Israel
9989:Cyprus
9842:(1945)
9836:(1945)
9830:(1944)
9824:(1943)
9818:(1943)
9812:(1942)
9806:(1941)
9800:(1941)
9570:Vienna
9555:Geneva
9446:UNESCO
9364:UNU-OP
9339:UNRISD
9334:UNOSAT
9314:UNITAR
9309:UNIDIR
9304:UNICRI
9299:UNICEF
9215:UNCTAD
9205:UNAIDS
8690:(VDPA)
8636:(UDHR)
8442:
8344:
8216:
8208:
8115:(Cth)
8099:(Cth)
8083:(Cth)
8067:(Cth)
8051:(Cth)
8039:(Cth).
7960:
7952:
7890:un.org
7117:2 June
6921:
6901:
6889:
6882:, the
6873:
6839:
6825:
6814:Serbia
6811:
6799:
6785:
6767:
6645:
6635:Taiwan
6632:
6619:
6606:
6586:
6576:Tuvalu
6573:
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6547:
6534:
6521:
6508:
6495:
6482:
6469:
6456:
6443:
6433:Brunei
6430:
6420:Bhutan
6417:
6390:
6370:
6350:
6330:
6310:
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6276:State
6237:
6212:Zambia
6209:
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6153:
6123:
6093:
6065:
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6005:
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5945:
5920:Uganda
5917:
5889:
5862:Turkey
5859:
5829:
5801:
5773:
5745:
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5606:Sweden
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5547:
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5295:
5267:
5242:Serbia
5239:
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5068:Rwanda
5065:
5038:Russia
5035:
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4977:
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4920:Poland
4917:
4887:
4857:
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4771:
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4686:Norway
4683:
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4340:Monaco
4337:
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4284:Mexico
4281:
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4225:
4197:
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4088:Malawi
4085:
4055:
4027:
3997:
3969:
3941:
3913:
3883:
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3827:
3802:Latvia
3799:
3769:
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3716:Kuwait
3713:
3685:
3657:
3629:
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3572:Jordan
3569:
3539:
3509:
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3452:Israel
3449:
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3389:
3359:
3331:
3303:
3273:
3243:
3213:
3185:
3158:Guyana
3155:
3125:
3098:Guinea
3095:
3067:
3039:
3014:Greece
3011:
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2923:
2895:
2867:
2842:France
2839:
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2781:
2753:
2725:
2697:
2669:
2639:
2609:
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2495:
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2382:Cyprus
2379:
2351:
2322:
2291:
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2235:
2205:
2175:
2147:
2119:
2091:
2066:Canada
2063:
2035:
2005:
1977:
1949:
1919:
1894:Brazil
1891:
1861:
1833:
1805:
1777:
1752:Belize
1749:
1719:
1689:
1661:
1633:
1605:
1575:
1547:
1517:
1487:
1459:
1429:
1401:
1376:Angola
1373:
1343:
1313:
1285:
1257:
1070:, and
1068:eighth
1015:Belize
849:ethnic
785:belief
752:. The
735:, and
478:, and
460:Part 6
454:Part 5
443:Part 4
395:, the
369:Part 3
353:, and
326:Part 2
311:Part 1
182:treaty
83:Signed
54:
49:
43:
37:
10437:Other
10384:Hanoi
10174:FICSA
10039:Yemen
10029:Syria
9877:UNPOL
9451:UNIDO
9354:UNSSC
9349:UNSDG
9344:UNRWA
9329:UNOPS
9324:UNODC
9294:UNHRC
9289:UNHCR
9284:OHCHR
9274:UNFPA
9240:UNDPO
9230:UNDGC
9225:UNCDF
8440:JSTOR
8161:(PDF)
7958:S2CID
6977:upon
6955:Macau
6717:Notes
6563:Tonga
6373:Palau
6353:Nauru
6293:China
6184:Yemen
5664:Syria
5522:Sudan
5464:Spain
5124:Samoa
4980:Qatar
4630:Niger
4514:Nepal
4172:Malta
3916:Libya
3632:Kenya
3542:Japan
3482:Italy
3306:India
3188:Haiti
2984:Ghana
2870:Gabon
2612:Egypt
2178:Chile
1780:Benin
1064:fifth
1022:Congo
651:, to
178:ICCPR
10179:Flag
10107:2011
10102:2014
10097:2017
10092:2020
10087:2021
10082:2022
10077:2023
10067:2016
10062:2021
9999:Iraq
9994:Iran
9977:67th
9972:66th
9696:list
9491:IBRD
9476:WIPO
9466:WFEO
9416:IFAD
9411:ICAO
9252:UNEP
9235:UNDP
9210:SCSL
9195:IAEA
9190:IPCC
8492:2024
8342:ISBN
8315:2009
8274:2019
8214:SSRN
8206:PMID
8103:(n).
8071:(j).
8055:(e).
7984:link
7970:2022
7950:ISSN
7915:2020
7863:2019
7675:2010
7558:2010
7495:2010
7443:2010
7382:2010
7321:2010
7145:2017
7119:2008
6622:Niue
6498:Oman
6333:Cuba
5776:Togo
4860:Peru
4144:Mali
3772:Laos
3392:Iraq
3362:Iran
2784:Fiji
2150:Chad
1191:The
1058:and
1050:The
898:The
855:and
813:and
602:and
431:and
341:and
219:Cuba
217:and
172:The
78:1954
65:Type
9501:IFC
9496:IDA
9481:WMO
9471:WHO
9461:UPU
9441:ITU
9436:IOM
9431:IMO
9426:IMF
9421:ILO
9406:FAO
9386:WFP
9376:UNV
9359:UNU
9185:ITC
8547:by
8526:by
8432:doi
7942:doi
930:.
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