Cuba - Knowledge

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peasants", leading to disparities. Between 1933 and 1958, Cuba extended economic regulations enormously, causing economic problems. Unemployment became a problem as graduates entering the workforce could not find jobs. The middle class, which was comparable to that of the United States, became increasingly dissatisfied with unemployment and political persecution. The labor unions, manipulated by the previous government since 1948 through union "yellowness", supported Batista until the very end. Batista stayed in power until he resigned in December 1958 under the pressure of the US Embassy and as the revolutionary forces headed by Fidel Castro were winning militarily (Santa Clara city, a strategic point in the middle of the country, fell into the rebels hands on December 31, in a conflict known as the

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rivaling the developed world is referred to by researchers as the Cuban Health Paradox. Cuba ranks 30th on the 2019 Bloomberg Healthiest Country Index, the highest ranking of a developing country. The Cuban healthcare system, renowned for its medical services, has emphasized the export of health professionals through international missions, aiding global health efforts. However, while these missions generate significant revenue and serve as a tool for political influence, domestically, Cuba faces challenges including medication shortages and disparities between medical services for locals and foreigners. Despite the income from these missions, only a small fraction of the national budget has been allocated to public health, underscoring contrasting priorities within the nation's healthcare strategy.

2026: 4507:" saw the country relying heavily on foreign tourism and the earnings of nationals working abroad. The pandemic, however, severely affected this revenue stream, decreasing the number of tourists by 75% in 2020. Monetary reforms in 2021 introduced shocks of inflation, further exacerbating the country's food scarcity and boosting the black market's prominence. Despite the increasing hardships, the Cuban spirit remains resilient. Access to the internet since 2018 and widespread use of social media have fueled calls for political and economic liberalization. The power of the internet was evident during the Cuban protests of 2021, which were promptly suppressed by the police, with many prominent artists and bloggers detained. 16798:, pp. 4–5: "Its success has been acclaimed by Dr. Halfdan Mahler, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), and Dr. Carlysle Guerra de Macedo, Director-General of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), as well as by medical professionals from the United States and other capitalist countries who have observed the Cuban health system in action. Despite U.S. hostility toward Cuba, a U.S. government document stated in 1982 that the 'Cuban Revolution has managed social achievements, especially in education and health care, that are highly respected in the Third World ..., a national health care program that is superior in the Third World and rivals that of numerous developed countries. 2226: 1423:. When the enslaved peoples of what had been the Caribbean's richest colony freed themselves through violent revolt, Cuban planters perceived the region's changing circumstances with both a sense of fear and opportunity. They were afraid because of the prospect that slaves might revolt in Cuba as well, and numerous prohibitions during the 1790s of the sale of slaves in Cuba who had previously been enslaved in French colonies underscored this anxiety. The planters saw opportunity, however, because they thought that they could exploit the situation by transforming Cuba into the slave society and sugar-producing "pearl of the Antilles" that Haiti had been before the revolution. As the historian 2622: 2593:, the local climate is tropical, moderated by northeasterly trade winds that blow year-round. The temperature is also shaped by the Caribbean current, which brings in warm water from the equator. This makes the climate of Cuba warmer than that of Hong Kong, which is at around the same latitude as Cuba but has a subtropical rather than a tropical climate. In general (with local variations), there is a drier season from November to April, and a rainier season from May to October. The average temperature is 21 °C (70 °F) in January and 27 °C (81 °F) in July. The warm temperatures of the Caribbean Sea and the fact that Cuba sits across the entrance to the 1531: 22146: 4500:, hoping to travel through Mexico to reach the U.S. For those remaining among the island's 11 million inhabitants, life grows increasingly desperate. Internal migration has led to overpopulation in the capital, Havana, resulting in people living in makeshift shelters or overcrowded buildings, some of which are on the brink of collapse. The island's persistent shortages of food and medicine can be attributed to the U.S. trade embargo in place since 1962 and stringent government control over the economy since 1959. Regular power outages harken back to the early 1990s, a time when Soviet subsidies ended, plunging the island into economic hardship. 4010: 3537: 3229: 2323:

emigration of people after the 1959 revolution; it approved exit visas only on rare occasions. Requirements were simplified: Cubans need only a passport and a national ID card to leave; and they are allowed to take their young children with them for the first time. However, a passport costs on average five months' salary. Observers expect that Cubans with paying relatives abroad are most likely to be able to take advantage of the new policy. In the first year of the program, over 180,000 left Cuba and returned. As of December 2014, talks with Cuban officials and American officials, including President

20828: 3771:(CUP) as the country's sole currency unit. Cuban citizens had until June 2021 to exchange their CUCs. However, this devalued the Cuban peso and caused economic problems for people who had been previously paid in CUCs, particularly workers in the tourism industry. Also, in February, the government dictated new measures to the private sector, with prohibitions for only 124 activities, in areas like national security, health and educational services. The wages were increased again, between 4 and 9 times, for all the sectors. Also, new facilities were allowed to the state companies, with much more autonomy. 5728:(1863–65), became instructors of military strategy and tactics. With reinforcements and guidance from the Dominicans, the Cubans defeated Spanish detachments, cut railway lines, and gained dominance over vast sections of the eastern portion of the island. On 19 February 1874, Gómez and 700 other rebels marched westward from their eastern base and defeated 2,000 Spanish troops at El Naranjo. The Spaniards lost 100 killed and 200 wounded and the rebels a total of 150 killed and wounded. The most significant rebel victory came at the Battle of Las Guasimas, 16–20 March 1874, when 2,050 rebels, led by 2944:), is the supreme organ of power; 474 members serve five-year terms. The assembly meets twice a year; between sessions legislative power is held by the 31 member Council of Ministers. Candidates for the Assembly are approved by public referendum. All Cuban citizens over 16 who have not been convicted of a criminal offense can vote. Article 131 of the Constitution states that voting shall be "through free, equal and secret vote". Article 136 states: "In order for deputies or delegates to be considered elected they must get more than half the number of valid votes cast in the electoral districts". 2816: 4713:. In 1957, just before Castro came to power, the literacy rate was as low as fourth in the region at almost 80% according to the United Nations, yet higher than in Spain. Castro created an entirely state-operated system and banned private institutions. School attendance is compulsory from ages six to the end of basic secondary education (normally at age 15), and all students, regardless of age or gender, wear school uniforms with the color denoting grade level. Primary education lasts for six years, secondary education is divided into basic and pre-university education. Cuba's 76: 1962: 4923: 5566: 11324:

Eileen; Sechrest, Wes; Price, Lori; Baillie, Jonathan E. M.; Weeden, Don; Suckling, Kierán; Davis, Crystal; Sizer, Nigel; Moore, Rebecca; Thau, David; Birch, Tanya; Potapov, Peter; Turubanova, Svetlana; Tyukavina, Alexandra; de Souza, Nadia; Pintea, Lilian; Brito, José C.; Llewellyn, Othman A.; Miller, Anthony G.; Patzelt, Annette; Ghazanfar, Shahina A.; Timberlake, Jonathan; Klöser, Heinz; Shennan-Farpón, Yara; Kindt, Roeland; Lillesø, Jens-Peter Barnekow; van Breugel, Paulo; Graudal, Lars; Voge, Maianna; Al-Shammari, Khalaf F.; Saleem, Muhammad (2017).

5617: 4771: 3607: 5592: 10352: 4000: 1432: 10000: 8811: 15880: 4695: 3841: 3725: 7993: 8941: 12505: 4460: 2582: 2222:. Cuba gradually withdrew its troops from Angola in 1989–91. An important psychological and political aspect of the Cuban military involvement in Africa was the significant presence of black or mixed-race soldiers among the Cuban forces. According to one source, more than 300,000 Cuban military personnel and civilian experts were deployed in Africa. The source also states that out of the 50,000 Cubans sent to Angola, half contracted AIDS and that 10,000 Cubans died as a consequence of their military actions in Africa. 2770: 4897: 1464: 5277: 1322: 2836: 4295: 2308: 1494: 2535: 1767: 20671: 5440: 152: 2923: 2794: 4037: 3622:. Most of the means of production are owned and run by the government and most of the labor force is employed by the state. Recent years have seen a trend toward more private sector employment. By 2006, public sector employment was 78% and private sector 22%, compared to 91.8% to 8.2% in 1981. Government spending is 78.1% of GDP. Since the early 2010s, following the initial market reforms, it has become popular to describe the economy as being, or moving toward, 4588: 1249: 584: 569: 19688: 12211:, pp. 159, 161: "Cuba's relationship with Algeria in 1961–5 ... clashes with the image of Cuban foreign policy—cynical ploys of a client state—that prevails not only in the United States but also in many European capitals. ... The aid Cuba gave Algeria in 1961–2 had nothing to do with the East-West conflict. Its roots predate Castro's victory in 1959 and lie in the Cubans' widespread identification with the struggle of the Algerian people." 3705: 5121: 3829: 2109: 3478: 2128: 19698: 62: 5454: 4047: 12199:, p. 2: "Cuba has projected disproportionately greater power and influence through military might ... through economic largesse ... as a mediator in regional conflicts, and as a forceful and persuasive advocate of Third World interests in international forums. Cuba's scientific achievements, while limited, are also being shared with other Third World countries, thereby furthering Cuban influence and prestige abroad." 1395: 4482:, a proportion that matches the extent of emigration to the U.S. from the Caribbean as a whole during that period. Prior to 13 January 2013, Cuban citizens could not travel abroad, leave or return to Cuba without first obtaining official permission along with applying for a government-issued passport and travel visa, which was often denied. Those who left the country typically did so by sea, in small boats and fragile rafts. 2446: 5426: 1840: 19708: 1595: 3752: 1875:, and presided over a stagnating economy that widened the gap between rich and poor Cubans. Batista outlawed the Cuban Communist Party in 1952. After the coup, Cuba had Latin America's highest per capita consumption rates of meat, vegetables, cereals, automobiles, telephones and radios, though about one-third of the population was considered poor and enjoyed relatively little of this consumption. However, in his " 5130: 18678: 731: 688: 669: 3291:, began the process of restoring international relations between the two countries. They agreed to release political prisoners and the United States began the process of creating an embassy in Havana. This was realized on 30 June 2015, when Cuba and the U.S. reached a deal to reopen embassies in their respective capitals on 20 July 2015 and reestablish diplomatic relations. Earlier in the same year, the 3039: 5314: 1896: 3364: 1978:, expropriating thousands of acres of farmland (including from large U.S. landholders), further worsened relations. In response, between 1960 and 1964 the U.S. imposed a range of sanctions, eventually including a total ban on trade between the countries and a freeze on all Cuban-owned assets in the U.S. In February 1960, Castro signed a commercial agreement with Soviet Vice-Premier 5822:

wounded and 39 captured. Spanish troops successfully defended Fort Canosa, allowing them to stabilize their line and bar the entry to Santiago. The Americans and Cubans began a brutal siege of the city, which surrendered on 16 July after the defeat of the Spanish Caribbean Squadron. Spain had sacrificed more of its sons to hold on to Cuba than she had in attempting to cling on to

3694:, Cuba is dependent on credit accounts that rotate from country to country. Cuba's prior 35% supply of the world's export market for sugar has declined to 10% due to a variety of factors, including a global sugar commodity price drop that made Cuba less competitive on world markets. It was announced in 2008 that wage caps would be abandoned to improve the nation's productivity. 3701:. In 2008, Raúl Castro began enacting agrarian reforms to boost food production, as at that time 80% of food was imported. The reforms aim to expand land use and increase efficiency. Venezuela supplies Cuba with an estimated 110,000 barrels (17,000 m) of oil per day in exchange for money and the services of some 44,000 Cubans, most of them medical personnel, in Venezuela. 1958:, official death sentences from 1959 to 1987 numbered 237 of which all but 21 were carried out. The vast majority of those executed directly following the 1959 Revolution were policemen, politicians, and informers of the Batista regime accused of crimes such as torture and murder, and their public trials and executions had widespread popular support among the Cuban population. 3748:

leaders of the government recognized that the new measures were unpopular but necessary to contain the capital flight to other countries as Panamá where Cuban citizens traveled and imported items to resell on the island. Other measures included allowing private companies to export and import, through state companies, resources to produce products and services in Cuba.

1318:, in search of gold, treasure, fame and power. On 1 September 1548, Gonzalo Perez de Angulo was appointed governor of Cuba. He arrived in Santiago, Cuba, on 4 November 1549, and immediately declared the liberty of all Natives. He became Cuba's first permanent governor to reside in Havana instead of Santiago, and he built Havana's first church made of masonry. 2951:, but they are not considered democratic. In elections for the National Assembly of People's Power there is only one candidate for each seat, and candidates are nominated by committees that are firmly controlled by the Communist Party. Most legislative districts elect multiple representatives to the Assembly. Voters can select individual candidates on their 3641:

devastated Cuba's tourist industry, which along with a tightening of U.S. sanctions, has led to large increase in emigration among younger working-age Cubans. It has been described as a crisis that is "threatening the stability" of Cuba, which "already has one of the hemisphere’s oldest populations". According to a controversial 2023 report by the

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Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020).

3683:, ranking 87 of 226 countries. Its major export partners are Canada 17.7%, China 16.9%, Venezuela 12.5%, Netherlands 9%, and Spain 5.9% (2012). Cuba's major exports are sugar, nickel, tobacco, fish, medical products, citrus fruits, and coffee; imports include food, fuel, clothing, and machinery. Cuba presently holds debt in an amount estimated at 2331:, fifty-two political prisoners, and an unnamed non-citizen agent of the United States in return for the release of three Cuban agents currently imprisoned in the United States. Additionally, while the embargo between the United States and Cuba was not immediately lifted, it was relaxed to allow import, export, and certain limited commerce. 5333:. Cuban recipes share spices and techniques with Spanish cooking, with some Caribbean influence in spice and flavor. Food rationing, which has been the norm in Cuba for the last four decades, restricts the common availability of these dishes. The traditional Cuban meal is not served in courses; all food items are served at the same time. 1512:. De Céspedes, a sugar planter, freed his slaves to fight with him for an independent Cuba. On 27 December 1868, he issued a decree condemning slavery in theory but accepting it in practice and declaring free any slaves whose masters present them for military service. The 1868 rebellion resulted in a prolonged conflict known as the 4875:," an economic reform that removed many food subsidies, has spurred alarming inflation, intensifying the shortage of basic foods like cereals, vegetables, dairy, and meat. As a result, Cuban households spend between 55% and 65% of their income on food, a proportion deemed disproportionate compared to international standards. 127: 139: 140: 138: 2350:

education as fundamental rights, imposes presidential term limits, enshrines the right to legal representation upon arrest, recognizes private property, and strengthens the rights of multinationals investing with the state. Any form of discrimination harmful to human dignity is banned under the new constitution.

135: 133: 132: 131: 130: 129: 134: 3791:, beans, rice, potatoes, and livestock. Cuba's most important mineral resource is nickel, with 21% of total exports in 2011. The output of Cuba's nickel mines that year was 71,000 tons, approaching 4% of world production. As of 2013 its reserves were estimated at 5.5 million tons, over 7% of the world total. 137: 136: 141: 12275:, p. 50: "On 14–16 October 1960, Touré went to Havana. It was the first visit of an African chief of state to Cuba. The following year Cuba's foreign aid programme to Third World governments began when fifteen students from Guinea arrived in Havana to attend the university or technical institutes." 4809:, Cuba is "known the world over for its ability to train excellent doctors and nurses who can then go out to help other countries in need". As of September 2014, there are around 50,000 Cuban-trained health care workers aiding 66 nations. Cuban physicians have played a leading role in combating the 11381:

Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.;

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Since 2018, access to Internet by mobile data is available. In 2019, 7.1 million Cubans could access the Internet. The prices of connections, since WiFi zones, or mobile data, or from houses through "Nauta Hogar" service have been decreasing, especially since the economic reform of January 2021, when

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Architecture in Cuba was mainly manifested during the colonial period. It brought the culture of Spain with its Baroque influence. The first villas (settlements) were constituted by a church surrounded by several houses. These houses had an interior or central courtyard and were covered with grilles.

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Such deficiencies have led to health issues like overweight and obesity, largely due to a diet high in sugars and salts. Additionally, there is a significant disparity in accessing proper nutrition. Individuals without access to foreign currencies and remittances are the most affected. The inadequacy

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Disease and infant mortality increased in the 1960s immediately after the revolution, when half of Cuba's 6,000 doctors left the country. Recovery occurred by the 1980s, and the country's health care has been widely praised. The Communist government stated that universal health care was a priority of

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institutes. The Cuban Ministry of Higher Education operates a distance education program that provides regular afternoon and evening courses in rural areas for agricultural workers. Education has a strong political and ideological emphasis, and students progressing to higher education are expected to

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wrote, "... about 27 percent of Cubans earn under $ 50 per month; 34 percent earn the equivalent of $ 50 to $ 100 per month; and 20 percent earn $ 101 to $ 200. Twelve percent reported earning $ 201 to $ 500 a month; and almost 4 percent said their monthly earnings topped $ 500, including 1.5 percent

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Grenada in 1983, overthrowing the Government. Most resistance came from Cuban construction workers, while the Grenadan People's Revolutionary Army and militia surrendered without putting up much of a fight. 24 Cubans were killed, with only 2 of them being professional soldiers, and the remainder were

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issues, and poor dietary habits. The WFP's annual report on Cuba supports previous testimonies and evidence, pointing to a concerning situation. Even though the country has rolled out food subsidy programs, many backed by the WFP, the populace's diet remains nutritionally insufficient. Specifically,

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reported that Cuba reaffirmed its intent to legalize "buying and selling" of private property before the year's end. According to experts, the private sale of property could "transform Cuba more than any of the economic reforms announced by President Raúl Castro's government". It would cut more than

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Despite the embargo, Cuba has maintained trade relations with other countries. According to 2019 data, China stands as Cuba's main trading partner, followed by countries such as Spain, the Netherlands, Germany, and Cyprus. Cuba's main exports include tobacco, sugar, and alcoholic beverages, while it

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The impact and effectiveness of the embargo have been subjects of intense debate. While some argue it has been "extraordinarily porous" and isn't the primary cause of Cuba's economic hardships, others see it as a pressure mechanism aimed at driving change in the Cuban government. According to Arturo

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is permitted to nominate candidates or campaign on the island, including the Communist Party. The Communist Party of Cuba has held six party congress meetings since 1975. In 2011, the party stated that there were 800,000 members, and representatives generally constitute at least half of the Councils

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adopted a resolution to end the 47-year ban on Cuban membership of the group. The resolution stated, however, that full membership would be delayed until Cuba was "in conformity with the practices, purposes, and principles of the OAS". Fidel Castro wrote that Cuba would not rejoin the OAS, which, he

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Cuba imports roughly two-thirds of its food at an annual cost of more than $ 2.7 billion and brief shortages of individual products have been common for years. In recent months, a growing number of products have started to go missing for days or weeks at a time, and long lines have sprung up within

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Until now, Cubans had to pay $ 150 for an exit visa. A resident in the country that the Cuban wanted to visit would also have to write a letter of invitation. Fees associated with the letter ran as high as $ 200. That's a steep price in a country where the average official monthly income is about $

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starting in December 2014 under the Obama administration, a growing number of U.S. lung cancer patients traveled to Cuba to receive vaccine treatment. The end of the thaw under the Trump Administration has resulted in a tightening of travel restrictions, making it harder for U.S. citizens to travel

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at birth is 79.87 years (77.53 for males and 82.35 for females). This ranks Cuba 59th in the world and 4th in the Americas, behind Canada, Chile and the United States. Infant mortality declined from 32 infant deaths per 1,000 live births in 1957, to 10 in 1990–95, 6.1 in 2000–2005 and 5.13 in 2009.

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is the largest religion, with its origins in Spanish colonization. Despite less than half of the population identifying as Catholics in 2006, it nonetheless remains the dominant faith. Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI visited Cuba in 1998 and 2011, respectively, and Pope Francis visited Cuba

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wrote an internal memo on April 6, 1960, arguing in favor of an embargo: "The only foreseeable means of alienating internal support is through disenchantment and disaffection based on economic dissatisfaction and hardship. to decrease monetary and real wages, to bring about hunger, desperation and

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resort area also reported widespread damage; the government believed that repairs could be completed before the start of the main tourist season. Subsequent reports indicated that ten people had been killed during the storm, including seven in Havana, most during building collapses. Sections of the

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was then appointed as provisional president. Grau resigned in 1934, leaving the way clear for Batista, who dominated Cuban politics for the next 25 years, at first through a series of puppet-presidents. The period from 1933 to 1937 was a time of "virtually unremitting social and political warfare".

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led to a collapse in the price of sugar, political unrest, and repression. Protesting students, known as the Generation of 1930, turned to violence in opposition to the increasingly unpopular Machado. A general strike (in which the Communist Party sided with Machado), uprisings among sugar workers,

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was sent to protect American interests, but soon after arrival, it exploded in Havana harbor and sank quickly, killing nearly three-quarters of the crew. The cause and responsibility for the sinking of the ship remained unclear after a board of inquiry. Popular opinion in the U.S., fueled by active

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had developed (or "buying oneself out of slavery", a "uniquely Cuban development"), according to historian Herbert S. Klein. Due to a shortage of white labor, blacks dominated urban industries "to such an extent that when whites in large numbers came to Cuba in the middle of the nineteenth century,

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By 1570, most residents of Cuba comprised a mixture of Spanish, African, and Taíno heritages. Cuba developed slowly and, unlike the plantation islands of the Caribbean, had a diversified agriculture. Most importantly, the colony developed as an urbanized society that primarily supported the Spanish

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If the above are accepted or cannot be successfully countered, it follows that every possible means should be undertaken promptly to weaken the economic life of Cuba. If such a policy is adopted, it should be the result of a positive decision which would call forth a line of action which, while as

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Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; Hahn, Nathan; Palminteri, Suzanne; Hedao, Prashant; Noss, Reed; Hansen, Matt; Locke, Harvey; Ellis, Erle C.; Jones, Benjamin; Barber, Charles Victor; Hayes, Randy; Kormos, Cyril; Martin, Vance; Crist,

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Nevertheless, the report acknowledges the Cuban government's efforts in areas like social protection and universal access to basic services. It highlights Cuba's position in the Human Development Report 2021-2022 and the extensive COVID-19 vaccination coverage. To address food security challenges,

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As of 2013 the top emigration destinations were the United States, Spain, Italy, Puerto Rico, and Mexico. Following a tightening of U.S. sanctions and damage to the tourist industry by the COVID-19 pandemic, emigration has accelerated. In 2022, more than 2% of the population (almost 250,000 Cubans

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The first problem with the new reform, in terms of public opinion, were electricity prices, but that was amended quickly. Other measures corrected were in the prices for private farmers. In July 2020, Cuba opened new stores accepting only foreign currency while simultaneously eliminating a special

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South African forces. In December 1977, Cuba sent its combat troops from Angola, the People's Republic of the Congo, and the Caribbean to Ethiopia, assisted by mechanized Soviet battalions, to help defeat a Somali invasion. On 24 January 1978, Ethiopian and Cuban troops counterattacked, inflicting

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which would entail committing terrorist attacks in American cities and against refugees and falsely blaming the attacks on the Cuban government, manufacturing a reason for the United States to invade Cuba. This plan was rejected by President Kennedy. By 1963, Cuba was moving towards a full-fledged

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In 1958, Cuba was a well-advanced country in comparison to other Latin American regions. Cuba was also affected by perhaps the largest labor union privileges in Latin America, including bans on dismissals and mechanization. They were obtained in large measure "at the cost of the unemployed and the

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was adopted in 1940, which engineered radical progressive ideas, including the right to labor and health care. Batista was elected president in the same year, holding the post until 1944. He is so far the only non-white Cuban to win the nation's highest political office. His government carried out

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Though Havana, which had become the third-largest city in the Americas, was to enter an era of sustained development and increasing ties with North America during this period, the British occupation of the city proved short-lived. Pressure from London on sugar merchants, fearing a decline in sugar

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on 1 July, after which the American advance ground to a halt. The Americans lost 81 killed and 360 wounded in taking El Caney, where the Spanish defenders lost 38 killed, 138 wounded and 160 captured. At San Juan, the Americans lost 216 killed and 1,024 wounded; Spanish losses were 58 killed, 170

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The standard of living in the 1970s was "extremely spartan" and discontent was rife. Fidel Castro admitted the failures of economic policies in a 1970 speech. In 1975, the OAS lifted its sanctions against Cuba, with the approval of 16 member states, including the United States. The U.S., however,

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has written, "At a basic level, liberation in Saint-Domingue helped entrench its denial in Cuba. As slavery and colonialism collapsed in the French colony, the Spanish island underwent transformations that were almost the mirror image of Haiti's." Estimates suggest that between 1790 and 1820 some

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and Castro both supported attempts to overthrow each other. On 14 June 1959, a Cuban-supported invasion force landed from an airplane at Constanza, Dominican Republic, only to be immediately massacred. A week later, two yachts offloaded 186 invaders onto Chris-Craft launches for a landing on the

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Popular Cuban music of all styles has been enjoyed and praised widely across the world. Cuban classical music, which includes music with strong African and European influences, and features symphonic works as well as music for soloists, has received international acclaim thanks to composers like

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In May 2019, Cuba imposed rationing of staples such as chicken, eggs, rice, beans, soap and other basic goods. (Some two-thirds of food in the country is imported.) A spokesperson blamed the increased U.S. trade embargo although economists believe that an equally important problem is the massive

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In 2010, Cubans were allowed to build their own houses. According to Raúl Castro, they could now improve their houses, but the government would not endorse these new houses or improvements. There is virtually no homelessness in Cuba, and 85% of Cubans own their homes and pay no property taxes or

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Since 1960, the U.S. embargo on Cuba stands as one of the longest-running trade and economic measures in bilateral relations history, having endured for almost six decades. This action was initiated in response to a wave of nationalizations that impacted American properties valued at over US$ 1

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The country is subdivided into 15 provinces and one special municipality (Isla de la Juventud). These were formerly part of six larger historical provinces: Pinar del Río, Habana, Matanzas, Las Villas, Camagüey and Oriente. The present subdivisions closely resemble those of the Spanish military

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Batista adhered to the 1940 constitution's strictures preventing his re-election. Ramon Grau San Martin was the winner of the next election, in 1944. Grau further corroded the base of the already teetering legitimacy of the Cuban political system, in particular by undermining the deeply flawed,

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system which provides free medical treatment to all Cuban citizens, although challenges include low salaries for doctors, poor facilities, poor provision of equipment, and the frequent absence of essential drugs. A 2023 study by the Cuban Observatory of Human Rights (OCDH), estimated 88% of the

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Marcheco-Teruel, Beatriz; Parra, Esteban J.; Fuentes-Smith, Evelyn; Salas, Antonio; Buttenschøn, Henriette N.; Demontis, Ditte; Torres-Español, María; Marín-Padrón, Lilia C.; Gómez-Cabezas, Enrique J.; Álvarez-Iglesias, Vanesa; Mosquera-Miguel, Ana; Martínez-Fuentes, Antonio; Carracedo, Ángel;

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Fernandes, Daniel M.; Sirak, Kendra A.; Ringbauer, Harald; Sedig, Jakob; Rohland, Nadin; Cheronet, Olivia; Mah, Matthew; Mallick, Swapan; Olalde, Iñigo; Culleton, Brendan J.; Adamski, Nicole; Bernardos, Rebecca; Bravo, Guillermo; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Callan, Kimberly (4 February 2021).

3891:. According to a Government of Canada travel advice website, "Cuba is actively working to prevent child sex tourism, and a number of tourists, including Canadians, have been convicted of offenses related to the corruption of minors aged 16 and under. Prison sentences range from 7 to 25 years." 3747:

In June 2019, the government announced an increase in public sector wages of about 300%, specifically for teachers and health personnel. In October, the government allowed stores to purchase house equipment and similar items, using international currency, and send it to Cuba by emigration. The

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Cuba approved a new constitution in 2019. The optional vote attracted 84.4% of eligible voters. 90% of those who voted approved of the new constitution and 9% opposed it. The new constitution states that the Communist Party is the only legitimate political party, describes access to health and

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have earned international recognition in the post-revolutionary era, though many of these have felt compelled to continue their work in exile due to ideological control of media by the Cuban authorities. However, some Cuban writers continue living and writing in Cuba, including Nancy Morejón.

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and despite persistent shortages of medical supplies, there is no shortage of medical personnel. Primary care is available throughout the island and infant and maternal mortality rates compare favorably with those in developed nations. That an impoverished nation like Cuba has health outcomes

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of Havana. In addition, large forts were built for defense, preventing the attack of pirates and buccaneers. There are several old historic centers in Cuba that were built during the Spanish colonial period, the most remarkable are the four cities inscribed as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO,

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hit the island on 8 September 2017, with winds of 260 km/h (72 m/s), at the Camagüey Archipelago; the storm reached Ciego de Avila province around midnight and continued to pound Cuba the next day. The worst damage was in the keys north of the main island. Hospitals, warehouses and

1973:

The United States government initially reacted favorably to the Cuban Revolution, seeing it as part of a movement to bring democracy to Latin America. Castro's legalization of the Communist Party and the hundreds of executions of Batista agents, policemen, and soldiers that followed caused a

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According to the Havana Consulting Group, in 2014, remittances to Cuba amounted to US$ 3,129 million, the seventh highest in Latin America. In 2019, remittances had grown to US$ 6,616 million, but dropped down to US$ 1,967 million in 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has also

2322:

Effective 14 January 2013, Cuba ended the requirement established in 1961, that any citizens who wish to travel abroad were required to obtain an expensive government permit and a letter of invitation. In 1961 the Cuban government had imposed broad restrictions on travel to prevent the mass

4824:

is done by the Quimefa Pharmaceutical Business Group (FARMACUBA) under the Ministry of Basic Industry (MINBAS). This group also provides technical information for the production of these drugs. Isolated from the West by the US embargo, Cuba developed the successful lung cancer vaccine,

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Cuba's population is multiethnic, reflecting its complex colonial origins. Intermarriage between diverse groups is widespread, and consequently there is some discrepancy in reports of the country's racial composition: whereas the Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies at the

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people arrived in the Caribbean in a separate migration from South America around 1,700 years ago. Unlike the previous settlers of Cuba, the Taíno extensively produced pottery and engaged in intensive agriculture. The earliest evidence of the Taíno people on Cuba dates to the

2567:(Isle of Youth) in the Canarreos archipelago, with an area of 2,204 km (851 sq mi). Cuba has an official area (land area) of 109,884 km (42,426 sq mi). Its area is 110,860 km (42,803 sq mi) including coastal and territorial waters. 1128:

and the exports of skilled labor, sugar, tobacco, and coffee. Cuba has historically—before and during communist rule—performed better than other countries in the region on several socioeconomic indicators, such as literacy, infant mortality and life expectancy. Cuba has a

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one million state jobs, including party bureaucrats who resist the changes. The reforms created what some call "New Cuban Economy". In October 2013, Raúl said he intended to merge the two currencies, but as of August 2016, the dual currency system remains in force.

2168:

Despite Cuba's small size and the long distance separating it from the Middle East, Castro's Cuba played an active role in the region during the Cold War. In 1972, a major Cuban military mission consisting of tank, air, and artillery specialists was dispatched to

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In November 1975, Cuba deployed more than 65,000 troops and 400 Soviet-made tanks in Angola in one of the fastest military mobilizations in history. South Africa developed nuclear weapons due to the threat to its security posed by the presence of large numbers of

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In July 2010, the unofficial Cuban Human Rights Commission said there were 167 political prisoners in Cuba, a fall from 201 at the start of the year. The head of the commission stated that long prison sentences were being replaced by harassment and intimidation.

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of the United States. Cuba gained formal independence from the U.S. on 20 May 1902, as the Republic of Cuba. Under Cuba's new constitution, the U.S. retained the right to intervene in Cuban affairs and to supervise its finances and foreign relations. Under the

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announced that President Obama would remove Cuba from the American government's list of nations that sponsor terrorism, which Cuba reportedly welcomed as "fair". On 17 September 2017, the United States considered closing its Cuban embassy following mysterious

7932: 3496:. In Cuba, citizens can receive police assistance by dialing "106" on their telephones. The police force, which is referred to as "Policía Nacional Revolucionaria" or PNR is then expected to provide help. The Cuban government also has an agency called the 1799:

On balance, during the period 1933–1940 Cuba suffered from fragile political structures, reflected in the fact that it saw three different presidents in two years (1935–1936), and in the militaristic and repressive policies of Batista as Head of the Army.

1947:, Batista fled with his family to the Dominican Republic on 1 January 1959. Later he went into exile on the Portuguese island of Madeira and finally settled in Estoril, near Lisbon. Fidel Castro's forces entered the capital on 8 January 1959. The liberal 1812:

major social reforms. Several members of the Communist Party held office under his administration. Cuban armed forces were not greatly involved in combat during World War II—though president Batista did suggest a joint U.S.-Latin American assault on

12287:, p. 45: "Joining the rebellion in 1966, and remaining through the war's end in 1974, this was the longest Cuban intervention in Africa before the despatch of troops to Angola in November 1975. It was also the most successful. As the Guinean paper 5855:, to lead the hunt for the survivors, and soon they were captured. The leaders of the invasion were taken aboard a Dominican Air Force plane and then pushed out in mid-air, falling to their deaths. Militant anti-Castro groups, funded by exiles, by the 1831:, a protégé of Grau, became president in 1948. The two terms of the Auténtico Party brought an influx of investment, which fueled an economic boom, raised living standards for all segments of society, and created a middle class in most urban areas. 5299:

all the salaries increased by at least 5 times, and the prices of Internet remain in the same point. In 2021, it was reported that 7.7 million Cuban people have Internet access. There were 6.14 million mobile connections in Cuba in January 2021.

10133:

Impact of Cuban-Soviet Ties in the Western Hemisphere, Spring 1979: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Inter-American Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, First Session, April 25 and 26,

3555:(EU) accused the Cuban government of "continuing flagrant violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms". As of 2009, it has continued to call regularly for social and economic reform in Cuba, along with the unconditional release of all 12812: 6887: 11860: 11699: 126: 4908:, West Africa and the Indigenous Guanahatabey and Taínos of Cuba. After the 1959 revolution, the government started a national literacy campaign, offered free education to all and established rigorous sports, ballet, and music programs. 4729: 4326:

remains problematic due to scant records and a paucity of systematic studies both pre- and post-revolution. Estimates of the percentage of people of African descent in the Cuban population vary enormously, ranging from 34% to 62%".

1185:

Humans first settled Cuba around 6,000 years ago, descending from migrations from northern South America or Central America. The arrival of humans on Cuba is associated with extinctions of the islands native fauna, particularly its

128: 1866:

that preempted the election. Back in power, and receiving financial, military, and logistical support from the United States government, Batista suspended the 1940 Constitution and revoked most political liberties, including the

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together with France and Spain, ending the Seven Years' War. The treaty gave Florida to Britain in exchange for Cuba. Cubans constituted one of the many diverse units which fought alongside Spanish and Floridan forces during the

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After the triumph of the Revolution, architecture received a strong Soviet influence with its desire for symmetry and space saving, and entire new neighborhoods were built in the style of the working-class quarters of Moscow or

2037:

During the Cold War, Cuban forces were deployed to all corners of Africa, either as military advisors or as combatants. In 1963, Cuba sent 686 troops together with 22 tanks and other military equipment to support Algeria in the

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activity, and that mountaineering could be a key contributor to tourism, along with other activities, e.g. biking, diving, caving. Promoting these resources could contribute to regional development, prosperity, and well-being.

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in 1962, the United States even imposed a naval blockade on Cuba, but this was lifted following the resolution of the crisis. The embargo, however, remained in place and has been modified on several occasions over the years.

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Tourism was initially restricted to enclave resorts where tourists would be segregated from Cuban society, referred to as "enclave tourism" and "tourism apartheid". Contact between foreign visitors and ordinary Cubans were

4879:

the WFP has enhanced its collaboration with Cuban authorities. In 2022, the organization procured essential foods and macronutrients worth $ 10.7 million in response to alarming figures about anemia prevalence in infants.

4425:, and other Spanish people immigrated to Cuba. Between 1899 and 1930 alone, close to a million Spaniards entered the country, though many would eventually return to Spain. Other prominent immigrant groups included French, 10995: 2963:

of state and the National Assembly. The remaining positions are filled by candidates nominally without party affiliation. Other political parties campaign and raise finances internationally, while activity within Cuba by

4437:, British, and Irish, as well as small number of descendants of U.S. citizens who arrived in Cuba in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. As of 2015, the foreign-born population in Cuba was 13,336 inhabitants per the 1744:

was elected president. During his administration, tourism increased markedly, and American-owned hotels and restaurants were built to accommodate the influx of tourists. The tourist boom led to increases in gambling and

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After Fidel Castro died on 25 November 2016, the Cuban government declared a nine-day mourning period. During the mourning period, Cuban citizens were prohibited from playing loud music, partying, and drinking alcohol.

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was elected president on 18 April 2018 after the resignation of Raúl Castro. On 19 April 2021, Díaz-Canel became First Secretary of the Communist Party. He is the first non-Castro to be in such top position since the

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scene in Cuba when it began in the 1990s. In December 2012, the director of the Cuban Music Institute, Orlando Vistel, threatened to bar sexually explicit songs and music videos from public radio and television.

5041:

Cuban literature began to find its voice in the early 19th century. Dominant themes of independence and freedom were exemplified by José Martí, who led the Modernist movement in Cuban literature. Writers such as

4610:), and the remaining 0.4% consisting of other religions. In a 2015 survey sponsored by Univision, 44% of Cubans said they were not religious and 9% did not give an answer while only 34% said they were Christian. 2253:

annually, resulting in effects such as food and fuel shortages. The government did not accept American donations of food, medicines and cash until 1993. On 5 August 1994, state security dispersed protesters in a

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As the article discusses, the oil-for-doctors programme has not been welcomed uncritically in Venezuela. The initial impetus for Cuban doctors' going to Venezuela was a Chavez-government welfare project called

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of the minimum wage to meet recommended nutritional requirements is another concern highlighted in the report. The political and socioeconomic landscape has influenced this scenario. The implementation of the "

4356:. Many are descendants of farm laborers brought to the island by Spanish and American contractors during the 19th and early 20th century. The current recorded number of Cubans with Chinese ancestry is 114,240. 16341: 6070: 4833:

CEO Candace Johnson: "They've had to do more with less, so they've had to be even more innovative with how they approach things. For over 40 years, they have had a preeminent immunology community." During the

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illegal between 1992 and 1997. The rapid growth of tourism during the Special Period had widespread social and economic repercussions in Cuba, and led to speculation about the emergence of a two-tier economy.

12966: 3383:", as it goes beyond mere trade restrictions. Other critics of the Cuban government argue that the embargo has been used by the government as an excuse to justify its own economic and political shortcomings. 14112: 5176:

was invented in Cuba from Spanish cordophone instruments models (the instrument is actually a fusion of elements from the Spanish guitar and lute). Other traditional Cuban instruments are of African origin,

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3,000 casualties on the Somali forces. In February, Cuban troops launched a major offensive and forced the Somali army back into its own territory. Cuban forces remained in Ethiopia until 9 September 1989.

13147:

adroit and inconspicuous as possible, makes the greatest inroads in denying money and supplies to Cuba, to decrease monetary and real wages, to bring about hunger, desperation and overthrow of government.

5593: 3935:. Although the country's population has grown by about four million people since 1961, the rate of growth slowed during that period, and the population began to decline in 2006, due to the country's low 12754: 12163: 10030: 14727: 6405:

Castro created a one-party government to exercise dictatorial control over all aspects of Cuba's political, economic, and cultural life. All political dissent and opposition were ruthlessly suppressed

4829:, which is now available to US researchers for the first time, along with other novel Cuban cancer treatments. The vaccine has been available for free to the Cuban population since 2011. According to 13966: 10964: 3178:

Cuba has conducted a foreign policy that is uncharacteristic of such a minor, developing country. Under Castro, Cuba was heavily involved in wars in Africa, Central America and Asia. Cuba supported

2042:

against Morocco. The Cuban forces remained in Algeria for over a year, providing training to the Algerian army. In 1964, Cuba organized a meeting of Latin American communists in Havana and stoked a

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Due to historical associations with the United States, many Cubans participate in sports that are popular in North America, rather than sports traditionally played in other Latin American nations.

3402:

Administration, which enacted new rules and re-enforced the business and travel restrictions which were loosened by the Obama Administration. These sanctions were inherited and strengthened by the

3443:

assistance enabled Cuba to upgrade its military capabilities. After the loss of Soviet subsidies, Cuba scaled down the numbers of military personnel, from 235,000 in 1994 to about 49,000 in 2021.

13331: 4862:(WFP), an entity of the United Nations, the average diet in Cuba lacks adequate nutritional quality. This is attributed to various factors, including limited availability of nutrient-rich foods, 4485:

On 9 September 1994, the U.S. and Cuban governments agreed that the U.S. would grant at least 20,000 visas annually in exchange for Cuba's pledge to prevent further unlawful departures on boats.

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and much of their territories on South American mainland in the future. Many in Britain were disappointed, believing that Florida was a poor return for Cuba and Britain's other gains in the war.

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The 86-year-old former guerrilla remains head of Cuba's Communist Party, a position that leaves him with broad authority — including much oversight of the man who is replacing him as president.

2846: 399: 16262:, p. 105: "The expansion of religious liberty began more than a decade ago, for example, and Cuban citizens, by and large, are free to practice their faiths without fear of persecution." 5809:, and resulted in the destruction of the Spanish Caribbean Squadron. Resistance in Santiago consolidated around Fort Canosa, while major battles between Spaniards and Americans took place at 15303:

Apollo, M.; Rettinger, R. (7 March 2018). "Mountaineering in Cuba: improvement of true accessibility as an opportunity for regional development of communities outside the tourism enclaves".

12692: 9191: 2919:. The President of Cuba, who is also elected by the Assembly, serves for five years and since the ratification of the 2019 Constitution, there is a limit of two consecutive five-year terms. 22065: 21429: 5885:

The presence of a substantial number of blacks and mulattoes in the Cuban forces (40–50 percent in Angola) helped give teeth to Castro's campaign against racism and related prejudice like

4613:

Cuba is officially a secular state. Religious freedom increased through the 1980s, with the government amending the constitution in 1992 to drop the state's characterization as atheistic.

1371:, and in 1762, a British expedition consisting of dozens of ships and thousands of troops set out from Portsmouth to capture Cuba. The British arrived on 6 June, and by August, had placed 12137: 2544:

The main island, named Cuba, is 1,250 km (780 mi) long, constituting most of the nation's land area (104,338 km or 40,285 sq mi) and is the largest island in the

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tax on the U.S. dollar to combat an economic crisis arising initially due to economic sanctions imposed by the Trump administration, then later worsened by a lack of tourism during the

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hit the island. The storm made landfall in the Camagüey Archipelago; the worst damage was in the keys north of the main island, however, and not in the most significant tourist areas.

1729:

as Governor for three years. Cuban historians have characterized Magoon's governorship as having introduced political and social corruption. In 1908, self-government was restored when

16519: 14980: 13423: 16368: 15439: 12223:, p. 327: "The dispatch of 36,000 Cuban soldiers to Angola between November 1975 and April 1976 stunned the world; ... by 1988, there were 55,000 Cuban soldiers in Angola." 5356:

for short), and plantains are staples of the Cuban diet. Many of the meat dishes are cooked slowly with light sauces. Garlic, cumin, oregano, and bay leaves are the dominant spices.

3225:. At the end of 2012, tens of thousands of Cuban medical personnel worked abroad, with as many as 30,000 doctors in Venezuela alone via the two countries' oil-for-doctors programme. 21785: 15911: 7918: 6487: 3283:'s prohibition on travel and remittances by Cuban-Americans from the United States to Cuba. Five years later, an agreement between the United States and Cuba, popularly called the " 2403:

are provided free of charge under Cuba's national healthcare system. The proposed changes were supported by the government and opposed by conservatives and parts of the opposition.

16225: 13575: 6574: 21815: 19085: 18662: 13026: 14902: 12996: 10987: 15033: 13297: 2284:

In February 2008, Fidel Castro resigned as President of the State Council due to the serious gastrointestinal illness which he had suffered since July 2006. On 24 February, the

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in Havana. From the start of the crisis until 1995, Cuba saw its gross domestic product (GDP) shrink by 35%. It took another five years for its GDP to reach pre-crisis levels.

2210:

expelled from the island. U.S. casualties amounted to 19 killed, 116 wounded, and 9 helicopters destroyed. During the 1970s and 1980s, Castro supported Marxist insurgencies in

13122:"499. Memorandum From the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs (Mallory) to the Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs (Rubottom)". 3331:, instated an embargo that prohibited all exports to Cuba, with the exception of medicines and certain foods. This measure was intensified in 1962 under the administration of 3264: 1478:

they were unable to displace Negro workers." A system of diversified agriculture, with small farms and fewer slaves, served to supply the cities with produce and other goods.

16465: 11574: 4749: 20160: 14812: 14590: 14018: 2277:, became allies and both countries are major oil and gas exporters. In 2003, the government arrested and imprisoned a large number of civil activists, a period known as the 17006: 14701: 12843: 12781: 10908: 7164:

Orihuela, Johanset; Viñola, Lázaro W.; Jiménez Vázquez, Osvaldo; Mychajliw, Alexis M.; Hernández de Lara, Odlanyer; Lorenzo, Logel; Soto-Centeno, J. Angel (December 2020).

3304:

and the ongoing international isolation of Russia, Cuba emerged as one of the few countries that maintained friendly relations with the Russian Federation. Cuban president

12096: 10074: 6942: 20598: 12477: 12374: 12348: 1485:, Cuba remained loyal to Spain. Its economy was based on serving the empire. By 1860, Cuba had 213,167 free people of color (39% of its non-white population of 550,000). 10840: 1134:

population is living in extreme poverty. The traditional diet is of international concern due to micronutrient deficiencies and lack of diversity. As highlighted by the

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of 1992 states that sanctions will continue "so long as it continues to refuse to move toward democratization and greater respect for human rights". American diplomat

3243: 14048: 13832: 10882: 9956: 6066: 3001:

announced he would resign in 2018, ending his five-year term, and that he hopes to implement permanent term limits for future Cuban presidents, including age limits.

1565:

founded the Cuban Revolutionary Party in New York City in 1892. The aim of the party was to achieve Cuban independence from Spain. In January 1895, Martí traveled to

22058: 20275: 14842: 12958: 9158: 8856: 8735: 8563: 8146: 6604: 4882:

Amid this nutritional crisis, international interventions and collaborations are anticipated to alleviate the food and nutrition issues plaguing the Cuban populace.

3645:(OCDH), 88% of Cuban citizens live in extreme poverty. The report stated that Cubans were concerned about food security and the difficulty in acquiring basic goods. 2652:

contains a detailed breakdown of the numbers of species of each kingdom of life recorded from Cuba, the main groups being: animals (17,801 species), bacteria (270),

18443: 17924: 17699: 17630: 17494: 14104: 10814: 9340: 8781: 8508: 8465: 1879:" speech, Fidel Castro mentioned that national issues relating to land, industrialization, housing, unemployment, education, and health were contemporary problems. 16310: 14761: 13911: 13605: 11587:'I confirm to this assembly that Raul Castro, as first secretary of the Communist Party, will lead the decisions about the future of the country,' Diaz-Canel said. 8654: 3626:. Any firm that hires a Cuban must pay the Cuban government, which in turn pays the employee in Cuban pesos. The average monthly wage as of July 2013 was 466 2005:. Cuban troops and local militias defeated the invasion, killing over 100 invaders and taking the remainder prisoner. In January 1962, Cuba was suspended from the 602: 16285: 15517: 15271: 13074: 11655:

Galvis, Ángela Fonseca; Superti, Chiara (3 October 2019). "Who wins the most when everybody wins? Predicting candidate performance in an authoritarian election".

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Historically, Cuba has ranked high in numbers of medical personnel and has made significant contributions to world health since the 19th century. Today, Cuba has

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in Moscow in November 2022, where the two leaders opened a monument of Fidel Castro, as well as speaking out against U.S. sanctions against Russia and Cuba.

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Cuba has the highest doctor-to-population ratio in the world and has sent thousands of doctors to more than 40 countries around the world. According to the

2608:

factories were damaged; much of the north coast was without electricity. By that time, nearly a million people, including tourists, had been evacuated. The

22223: 22051: 20431: 19983: 14477: 10956: 10728: 5859:(CIA) and by Trujillo's Dominican government, carried out armed attacks and set up guerrilla bases in Cuba's mountainous regions. This led to the six-year 2292:

the new president. In his inauguration speech, Raúl promised that some of the restrictions on freedom in Cuba would be removed. In March 2009, Raúl Castro

1154:; however, "its exact derivation unknown". The exact meaning of the name is unclear, but it may be translated either as 'where fertile land is abundant' ( 17614:. The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas. Vol. III. Stuart B. Schwartz (third ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 11970: 10504: 7919:"Armando Choy, Gustavo Chui, Moises Sio Wong. 2005. Our History Is Still Being Written: The Story of Three Chinese-Cuban Generals in the Cuban Revolution" 4298:

Mixed heritage is common in Cuba, shown in this 1919 photograph of the Barrientos family, headed by a former Spanish soldier and an indigenous woman from

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state planning and progress was made in rural areas. After the revolution, the government increased rural hospitals from one to 62. Like the rest of the

17342: 15099: 13327: 12935: 4492:, leading to a record number of Cubans fleeing the island. In 2022 alone, the number of Cubans trying to enter the United States, primarily through the 2937:

serves as Cuba's highest judicial branch of government. It is also the court of last resort for all appeals against the decisions of provincial courts.

2086: 1914:

In the 1950s, various organizations, including some advocating armed uprising, competed for public support in bringing about political change. In 1956,

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fell, architecture received more diverse currents and there was a boom in 5 star hotels with impressive glass and steel facades in the style of modern

16701: 15213: 14451: 14082: 12446: 11117: 2357:, which began on 16 April 2021, that he was retiring as secretary of the Communist Party. His successor, Miguel Díaz-Canel, was voted in on 19 April. 22218: 12661: 10205:"The Evolution of the Soviet Use of Surrogates in Military Relations with the Third World, with Particular Emphasis on Cuban Participation in Africa" 6975: 6842: 3869:. Cuba recorded 2,688,000 international tourists in 2011, the third-highest figure in the Caribbean (behind the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico). 1862:

After finishing his term in 1944 Batista lived in Florida, returning to Cuba to run for president in 1952. Facing certain electoral defeat, he led a

14190: 13937: 12630: 11603: 4799:, medical care suffered from severe material shortages following the end of Soviet subsidies in 1991, and a tightening of the U.S. embargo in 1992. 3630:—about US$ 19. However, after a reform in January 2021, the minimum wage is about 2100 CUP (US$ 18) and the median wage is about 4000 CUP (US$ 33). 1203:

AD. Descendants of the first settlers of Cuba persisted on the western part of the island until Columbian contact, where they were recorded as the

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into the approaching launches, killing all but 30 men, who managed to make it to the beaches at Maimon and Estero Hondo. Trujillo ordered his son,

916: 588: 13100: 12239:: "After Angola, Cuba's largest military intervention was in Ethiopia, where in 1978 16,000 Cuban troops helped repulse the invading Somali army." 11633: 10474: 6041: 5952: 21769: 21612: 21527: 19639: 17366: 17056: 16493: 13274: 7406: 3035:

provinces during the Cuban Wars of Independence, when the most troublesome areas were subdivided. The provinces are divided into municipalities.

15166: 12120: 8362: 6913: 1725:, faced an armed revolt by independence war veterans who defeated the meager government forces. The U.S. intervened by occupying Cuba and named 21682: 21255: 20349: 17640: 16036: 14306: 13133: 11142: 10552: 10526: 9727: 6358: 5511: 4409:

Immigration and emigration have played a prominent part in Cuba's demographic profile. Between the 18th and early 20th century, large waves of

2896: 2780: 2343: 1039: 350: 15953: 15752: 15132: 14138: 12866: 12407: 11992: 10580: 6096: 22303: 22228: 20180: 20079: 20039: 19152: 16189: 15915: 13475: 10746: 8960: 5732:

and Gómez, defeated 5,000 Spanish troops with 6 cannons. The five-day battle cost the Spanish 1,037 casualties and the rebels 174 casualties.

4858:

The traditional diet in Cuban households has raised international concerns due to its lack of micronutrients and diversity. According to the

692: 14976: 13415: 9912: 1737:

attempted to establish a separate black republic in Oriente Province, but was suppressed by General Monteagudo with considerable bloodshed.

1299:, to which they had no natural resistance (immunity), aggravated by the harsh conditions of the repressive colonial subjugation. In 1529, a 22273: 21304: 20868: 20322: 20109: 19195: 14384: 4478:. During the three decades after January 1959, more than one million Cubans of all social classes—constituting 10% of the total population— 3665: 3447: 1654:, concluded that the Spanish were to blame and demanded action. Spain and the United States declared war on each other in late April 1898. 1627:. Between 200,000 and 400,000 Cuban civilians died from starvation and disease in the Spanish concentration camps, numbers verified by the 742: 14652: 11503: 10709: 10376: 4936: 1407:

prices, forced negotiations with the Spanish over the captured territories. Less than a year after Britain captured Havana, it signed the

21517: 21197: 13648: 11172: 9781: 9289: 8244: 8189: 6548: 6464: 2994:, and has been described as "a militarized society" with the armed forces having long been the most powerful institution in the country. 1545:

The United States declined to recognize the new Cuban government, although many European and Latin American nations did so. In 1878, the

1279:, founded in 1514 (southern coast of the island) and then in 1519 (current place), which later became the capital (1607). The Indigenous 22043: 13159:

Yaffe, Helen (9 December 2021). "Chapter 8 US Sanctions Cuba 'to Bring About Hunger, Desperation and the Overthrow of the Government'".

13018: 9552: 8328: 7524: 4802:

Challenges include low salaries for doctors, poor facilities, poor provision of equipment, and the frequent absence of essential drugs.

4646:, a mixture of Catholicism and mostly African faiths, which include a number of cults. La Virgen de la Caridad del Cobre (the Virgin of 4496:, surged from 39,000 in 2021 to over 224,000. Many have resorted to selling their homes at very low prices to afford one-way flights to 20227: 19757: 14894: 12988: 8100: 7470: 7214: 5523: 3221:

In 2008, the European Union (EU) and Cuba agreed to resume full relations and cooperation activities. Cuba is a founding member of the

2908: 1138:(WFP) of the United Nations, rationed food meets only a fraction of daily nutritional needs for many Cubans, leading to health issues. 537: 15029: 13305: 8020: 1069:

has characterized Cuba as one of the worst countries for press freedom. Culturally, Cuba is considered part of Latin America. It is a

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in the mid-1970s but their mission was canceled after Iraq invaded Iran in 1980. The Cubans were also involved in the Syrian-Israeli

1816:

to overthrow its authoritarian regime. Cuba lost six merchant ships during the war, and the Cuban Navy was credited with sinking the

971: 17201: 17113: 17087: 16871: 14283: 14164: 13192: 6008: 5978: 4733:

have a commitment to the goals of Cuba. Cuba has provided free education to foreign nationals from disadvantaged backgrounds at the

2746:

According to a 2012 study, Cuba is the only country in the world to meet the conditions of sustainable development put forth by the

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took place, but it was ultimately suppressed. The population of Cuba in 1817 was 630,980 (of which 291,021 were white, 115,691 were

21939: 21587: 21552: 21501: 21286: 20424: 20134: 19205: 18615: 16903: 14928: 13674: 12352: 11570: 9530: 5519: 4830: 4734: 3159: 2904: 17320: 17003: 14808: 14582: 14014: 13522: 12835: 12577: 11794: 11384:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material" 10607: 10341: 9577: 4867:

rationed food covers only a small percentage of the daily energy, protein, and fat requirements for the population aged 14 to 60.

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music and dance developed originally in Cuba, with further significant developments by Cuban musicians in Mexico and the US. The

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landed on Cuba on 27 October 1492, and landing in the northeastern coast on 28 October. Columbus claimed the island for the new

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Cuba was ranked 19th by the number of imprisoned journalists of any nation in 2021 according to various sources, including the

2916: 2285: 421: 15249: 13545:"Vyacheslav Volodin: for us, Cuba is a symbol of the struggle for independence, struggle for self-determination of the people" 12469: 12308: 10422: 9439: 3927:

According to the official census of 2010, Cuba's population was 11,241,161, comprising 5,628,996 men and 5,612,165 women. Its

1755: 21841: 21740: 21547: 20210: 19816: 19240: 18708: 18575: 18552: 18526: 18500: 18457: 18398: 18363: 18344: 18321: 18302: 18279: 18252: 18230: 18200: 18174: 18042: 17938: 17906: 17878: 17855: 17829: 17783: 17753: 17713: 17648: 17304: 17185: 16836: 16555: 16410: 16106: 14950: 13718: 13642: 12603: 11927: 11554: 11307: 11271: 10448: 10250: 10100: 9818: 9767: 9699: 9662: 9619: 9334: 9283: 9152: 8917: 8850: 8775: 8729: 8695: 8648: 8605: 8557: 8502: 8459: 8322: 8183: 8140: 8094: 8051: 7808: 7503: 7464: 7379: 7334: 7302: 7267: 7232: 6724: 6688: 6568: 6458: 5823: 4511:

out of 11 million) migrated to the United States, and thousands more went to other countries, a number "larger than the 1980

2009:(OAS), and later the same year the OAS started to impose sanctions against Cuba of similar nature to the U.S. sanctions. The 22145: 19831: 15003: 14212: 6310: 6225: 5172:. Rumba ("de cajón o de solar") music originated in the early Afro-Cuban culture, mixed with Spanish elements of style. The 3810:

revealed that the North Cuba Basin could produce about 4.6 billion barrels (730,000,000 m) to 9.3 billion barrels (1.48

3428:

on its armed forces or 2.9% of its GDP. In 1985, Cuba devoted more than 10% of its GDP to military expenditures. During the

3335:, extending the restrictions to Cuban imports, based on the Foreign Assistance Act approved by Congress in 1961. During the 2304:

said, was a "U.S. Trojan horse" and "complicit" in actions taken by the U.S. against Cuba and other Latin American nations.

21424: 21399: 20946: 20310: 20009: 18988: 17139: 14040: 13824: 10872: 9946: 6317: 4650:) is the Catholic patroness of Cuba, and a symbol of Cuban culture. In Santería, she has been syncretized with the goddess 3661: 3222: 2237:

Soviet troops began to withdraw from Cuba in September 1991, and Castro's rule was severely tested in the aftermath of the

2189:, which was supported by two brigades. The Israelis and the Cuban-Syrian tank forces engaged in battle on the Golan front. 1387:, entered the city, and took control of the western part of the island. The British immediately opened up trade with their 1380: 1264: 947: 19200: 14834: 13248: 7978: 7015: 6596: 6119: 5922: 5686:

By contrast, Virginia, with about the same number of blacks, had only 58,042 or 11% who were free; the rest were enslaved.

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as the "leading force of society and of the state". The political system in Cuba reflects the Marxist–Leninist concept of

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325,000 Africans were imported to Cuba as slaves, which was four times the amount that had arrived between 1760 and 1790.

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The official language of Cuba is Spanish and the vast majority of Cubans speak it. Spanish as spoken in Cuba is known as

4319: 1086: 21204: 18447: 17928: 17703: 17634: 16318: 15670: 15595:"Cuba: Exploring the History of Admixture and the Genetic Basis of Pigmentation Using Autosomal and Uniparental Markers" 14758: 13907: 13859: 13609: 10398: 8274: 7366:

Andrea, Alfred J.; Overfield, James H. (2005). "Letter by Christopher Columbus concerning recently discovered islands".

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opened 118 cybercafes across the country in 2013. The government of Cuba provides an online encyclopedia website called

3633:

Cuba had Cuban pesos (CUP) set at par with the US dollar before 1959. Every Cuban household has a ration book (known as

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Cuban music is very rich and is the most commonly known expression of Cuban culture. The central form of this music is

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of diplomatic relations with Cuba, pushing for Congress to put an end to the embargo, as well as the United States-run

3321: 2649: 2638: 1929: 1872: 1623:, described by international observers as "fortified towns". These are often considered the prototype for 20th-century 1292: 673: 22001: 15487: 14336: 14246: 10624:

Washington Office on Latin America: "Cubans Allowed to Travel Abroad Without Exit Visas" By Geoff Thale and Clay Boggs

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is very important within the Cuban medical system, which provides citizens with easy to obtain regular health checks.

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Roksandic, van (20 September 2016). "The Role of the Nicaraguan Rise in the Early Peopling of the Greater Antilles".

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Although a smaller proportion of the population of Cuba was enslaved, at times, slaves arose in revolt. In 1812, the

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Braithwaite, Alex; Braithwaite, Jessica Maves (2020). "Restricting Opposition in Elections and Terrorist Violence".

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Several well-known Cuban religious figures have operated outside the island, including the humanitarian and author

1932:

against Batista's government. Batista evaded the American embargo and acquired weapons from the Dominican Republic.

22258: 22130: 21454: 21265: 20861: 20567: 20384: 20185: 19137: 18792: 13361: 10988:"San Isidro: ciudadanos cubanos realizan una protesta frente a la embajada de su país | VIDEO | Lima | nndc | LIMA" 9720: 9055: 7614: 7249: 6809: 6740: 4721:, largely due to the provision of free education at every level. Cuba's high school graduation rate is 94 percent. 3563: 3493: 3419: 2740: 2372:

also conducted protests overseas. The song associated with the movement received international acclaim including a

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began in Cuba on 24 February 1895, but Martí was unable to reach Cuba until 11 April 1895. Martí was killed in the

975: 20: 18053: 15410: 10154: 7071: 6280: 4662:

were medium brown and light brown-skinned, and most practitioners of Santeria were light brown and white-skinned.

21459: 20200: 20119: 20064: 20014: 19978: 19651: 19593: 16927: 15465: 14473: 10496: 7947: 4620:

in September 2015. Prior to each papal visit, the Cuban government pardoned prisoners as a humanitarian gesture.

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The largest factor for the growth of Cuba's commerce in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century was the

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Woolf, Nicky; Holpuch, Amanda; Bruno, Angela; Watts, Jonathan in; Kirchgaessner, Stephanie (22 September 2015).

14613: 13770: 13501: 10931:"Protestas en Cuba: manifestantes se concentraron frente a la embajada en Argentina al grito de "Patria y vida"" 10725: 2515:

140 km (87 mi) south. Cuba is the principal island, surrounded by four smaller groups of islands: the

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decline of aid from Venezuela and the failure of Cuba's state-run oil company which had subsidized fuel costs.

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Lopez Levy, a professor of international relations, it would be more appropriate to refer to the measure as a "

3154: 1993:

plan to arm and train a group of Cuban refugees to overthrow the Castro government. The invasion (known as the

1734: 1636: 1482: 174: 21975: 21174: 18586: 18124:

Gleijeses, Piero (1997). "The First Ambassadors: Cuba's Contribution to Guinea-Bissau's War of Independence".

15088: 15063: 13445: 12314: 11019:"Camilo Is Top Winner, Cuban Anthem 'Patria y Vida' Wins Song of the Year at 2021 Latin Grammys: Winners List" 7396:"Encomienda or Slavery? The Spanish Crown's Choice of Labor Organization in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America" 3492:

All law enforcement agencies are maintained under Cuba's Ministry of the Interior, which is supervised by the

3218:

by the Dominican government, and they feature prominently at the country's Memorial Museum of the Resistance.

2520: 21668: 21491: 21389: 21169: 20332: 18271: 17891:

A Constitution for Cuba's Political Transition: The Utility of Retaining (and Amending) the 1992 Constitution

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denominations, organized into the umbrella Cuban Council of Churches, remain much more vibrant and powerful.

3395: 3357: 831: 509: 17374: 15705: 12337:"AP 1950 Invasion Wiped Out Says Trujillo". Waterloo, Iowa: Waterloo Daily Courier. 24 June 1959. p. 7. 2493:(Cay Lobos) 22 km (13.7 mi) to the north. Mexico lies 210 km (130.5 mi) west across the 2225: 22308: 21535: 21234: 21224: 20993: 20813: 20720: 19480: 19465: 19367: 18925: 18848: 17719: 15930: 15228: 14447: 14074: 12653: 12438: 12411: 12260: 5321:(shredded flank steak in a tomato sauce base), black beans, yellow rice, plantains and fried yuca with beer 4843: 4710: 3183: 2991: 2149: 1566: 482: 17889: 12626: 6968: 6804: 3252: 2621: 1863: 1715: 1509: 1497: 1471:

In part due to Cuban slaves working primarily in urbanized settings, by the 19th century, the practice of

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Keegan, William F.; Hofman, Corinne L. (23 February 2017). "Cuba, the Bahama Archipelago, and Jamaica".

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in the capital of the Dominican Republic in 1965, which prompted 20,000 U.S. troops to intervene there.

1336:

colonial empire. By the mid-18th century, there were 50,000 slaves on the island, compared to 60,000 in

22164: 21795: 21790: 21346: 21229: 21028: 20344: 20175: 20034: 19852: 19558: 19418: 19282: 19157: 18463: 18294: 18192: 17654: 17279:

Cristobal Diaz offers 1885: "el bolero, creado aproximadamente para 1885". Diaz Ayala, Cristobal 1999.

17064: 13096: 12602:. Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State. 13 April 2009. Archived from 12576:. Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State. 21 April 2009. Archived from 11625: 9095: 7166:"Assessing the role of humans in Greater Antillean land vertebrate extinctions: New insights from Cuba" 6877:"Justin Trudeau's claim that Castro made 'significant improvements' to Cuban health care and education" 6871: 6450: 6418: 6030: 5948: 5802: 5000: 4400: 3865:

tourists visited Cuba in 2003, predominantly from Canada and the European Union, generating revenue of

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has passed a resolution every year since 1992 condemning the embargo and stating that it violates the

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on 12 June 1992, and became a party to the convention on 8 March 1994. It has subsequently produced a

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sector caters to thousands of European, Latin American, Canadian, and American consumers every year.

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Cuba has since found a new source of aid and support in the People's Republic of China. In addition,

2153: 2055: 1966: 1828: 1808: 1750: 1584: 1220: 1175: 1082: 1066: 979: 812: 807: 455: 151: 21996: 18913: 18607: 18444:"Renaissance and Decay: A Comparison of Socioeconomic Indicators in Pre-Castro and Current-Day Cuba" 14310: 13123: 11447:

Cabello, Juan José; et al. (2012). "An approach to sustainable development: the case of Cuba".

11134: 10841:"Inside Cuba's LGBT revolution: How the island's attitudes to sexuality and gender were transformed" 10556: 10530: 4474:

Post-revolution Cuba has been characterized by significant levels of emigration, which has led to a

4210: 3051: 2955:, select every candidate, or leave every question blank, with no option to vote against candidates. 2841: 2552:

in the world by land area. The main island consists mostly of flat to rolling plains apart from the

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Doctors in a Divided Society: The Profession and Education of Medical Practitioners in South Africa

17700:"Cuba on the Eve of the Socialist Transition: A Reassessment of the Backwardness-Stagnation Thesis" 17151: 16459:"The Cuban Education System: Lessons and Dilemmas. Human Development Network Education. World Bank" 15756: 15125: 14362: 14134: 12415: 11759:"Legislative Rules in Electoral Authoritarian Regimes: The Case of Hong Kong's Legislative Council" 11543:

The Low-Carbon Contradiction: Energy Transition, Geopolitics, and the Infrastructural State in Cuba

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Spain sustained 200,000 casualties, mostly from disease; the rebels sustained 100,000–150,000 dead.

5666: 5665:, for instance, or the other Caribbean islands. Historians such as Magnus Mõrner, who have studied 4745: 4516: 4479: 3531: 3497: 2642: 2245:). The country faced a severe economic downturn following the withdrawal of Soviet subsidies worth 1975: 1682: 1579: 1368: 1242: 1046: 967: 22011: 8970: 8226:

Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, Volume II: Since 1863, Concise Edition

7224: 4927: 3814:

10 m) of oil. In 2006, Cuba started to test-drill these locations for possible exploitation.

3637:) entitling it to a monthly supply of food and other staples, which are provided at nominal cost. 2197:

on the island. Following the 1983 coup that resulted in the execution of Grenadian Prime Minister

21404: 20909: 19973: 19795: 19533: 19445: 19033: 18978: 18968: 18797: 18567: 14391: 12442: 10067:"To so many Africans, Fidel Castro is a hero. Here's why | Fidel Castro | The Guardian" 9894: 9499: 9144: 8640: 6712: 5818: 5249: 3691: 3466: 2927: 2885: 2549: 2440: 1876: 1851: 1050: 860: 720: 616: 18905: 17795:

Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015

15826: 14644: 13710: 13700: 11922:. Cuba Transition Project, Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies, University of Miami. 10706: 9689: 5085: 3536: 3214:. The expedition failed, but a prominent monument to its members was erected in their memory in 2821: 373: 22006: 21935: 21622: 21617: 21557: 21008: 20951: 20897: 20892: 20777: 20305: 20114: 19988: 19847: 19646: 19634: 19270: 19114: 19109: 18983: 18958: 18953: 18909: 18408: 15158: 14526:"Gobierno de Castro otorga a cubanos permiso para construir viviendas "por esfuerzo propio" en" 12494: 11510: 9810: 8842: 8314: 7520: 5810: 5729: 5673:

increased when slave economies were in decline, as in 18th-century Cuba and early 19th-century

5631:

After the French captured Havana in 1555, the governor's son, Francisco de Angulo, went to the

4632: 3981: 3948: 3792: 3764: 3756: 3433: 3029: 2826: 2804: 2407:

of the Cuban government from 1959 until the 1990s were hostile towards homosexuality, with the

2266: 1817: 1730: 1686: 1599: 1408: 648: 610: 468: 382: 366: 20409: 18917: 16400: 16061: 13632: 12236: 11168: 10652: 10179: 9757: 9605: 9273: 9138: 9031: 9016: 8888: 8836: 8715: 8543: 8224: 8169: 8126: 7957: 7865: 7493: 7434: 6716: 6705: 6444: 5165: 4677: 4315:, the 2002 Cuban census found that a similar proportion of the population, 65.05%, was white. 4205: 4138: 3228: 3125: 1948: 1722: 1605:

Around 200,000 Spanish troops outnumbered the much smaller rebel army, which relied mostly on

22248: 22120: 22082: 22021: 21132: 21003: 20622: 20557: 20265: 19658: 19629: 19608: 19435: 18681: 18645: 18240: 18222: 18034: 17775: 17683: 17448: 17294: 16826: 16098: 12375:"Joint declarations concerning areas and modalities provisionally identified for cooperation" 12324: 12252: 11297: 9908: 9648: 9526: 9514: 9473: 9320: 8806: 8761: 8687: 8677: 8488: 8445: 8308: 8296: 8061: 7450: 7354: 7326: 7294: 7259: 6178:(in Spanish). Oficina Nacional de Estadística e Information República de Cuba. Archived from 4814: 4787: 4246: 4151: 3999: 2987: 2889: 2528: 2516: 2219: 2100: 2071: 1955: 1884: 1726: 1549:

ended the conflict, with Spain promising greater autonomy to Cuba. In 1879–80, Cuban patriot

1130: 991: 24: 19297: 17739: 16688: 15940: 9804: 9122: 8936: 8634: 8591: 8082: 8045: 6560: 5047: 1561:

was abolished in 1875 but the process was completed only in 1886. An exiled dissident named

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is supported by the government and includes internationally renowned companies such as the

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mortgage interest. Mortgage payments may not exceed 10% of a household's combined income..

3589: 3513: 3336: 3328: 3268: 3171: 3081: 2982: 2861: 2704: 2524: 2274: 2215: 2211: 2018: 2010: 1994: 1986: 1783: 1746: 1524: 1457: 1230: 1135: 1101: 1054: 1015: 785: 555: 286: 81: 21627: 17032:"Cuba has a lung cancer vaccine. Many U.S. patients can't get it without breaking the law" 15901:, p. 74: " tenth of the entire Caribbean population has ... over the past 30 years". 15563:"Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Cuba: Afro-Cubans" 14674: 14552: 13214: 12063: 11048: 10372: 4999:. One of the most outstanding Cuban architects of the second half of the 20th century was 4670: 4084: 3248: 3100: 3008: 2775: 2335: 1961: 1031: 880: 356: 8: 22090: 21414: 21122: 20973: 20926: 20914: 20679: 20572: 20467: 20222: 20124: 20004: 19790: 19440: 19235: 19162: 19063: 18833: 18802: 18625: 17898: 16988: 16900: 16879: 16634: 16230: 15727: 14583:"Opinion: Universal healthcare, no illiteracy and other Cuban feats under a U.S. embargo" 14275: 14160: 13706: 13160: 9654: 8132: 7456: 6882: 6000: 5974: 5860: 5233: 4821: 4654:. A breakdown of the followers of Afro-Cuban religions showed that most practitioners of 4602:

estimated that religious affiliation in Cuba is 59.2% Christian, 23% unaffiliated, 17.4%

4550: 4308: 4192: 3698: 3567: 3556: 3519: 3440: 3432:, Cuba built up one of the largest armed forces in Latin America, second only to that of 3353: 3344: 3276: 3130: 3076: 2799: 2720: 2564: 2470: 2466: 2436: 2404: 2388: 2361: 2278: 2043: 1928:

emerged as the leading revolutionary group. The U.S. supported Castro by imposing a 1958

1733:

was elected president, but the U.S. continued intervening in Cuban affairs. In 1912, the

1413: 1356: 1352: 1216: 1070: 951: 931:, with about 10 million inhabitants. It is the largest country in the Caribbean by area. 856: 389: 20715: 17410: 14924: 13670: 12959:"Despite Cuba's important history of solidarity with Ukraine, Russia remains a key ally" 11920:

The Cuban communist party and electoral politics: Adaptation, succession, and transition

11460: 11399: 11261:"IV Informe Nacional al Convento sobre la Diversidad Biológica. República de Cuba. 2009" 10600: 10266:

Valenta, Jiri (February 1981). "The Soviet-Cuban Alliance in Africa and the Caribbean".

9574: 7181: 7116: 6144: 6120:"Cuba admits to massive emigration wave: a million people left in two years amid crisis" 5394:, consistently achieving high medal tallies in major international competitions. Boxers 5051: 4102: 3115: 19:"Republic of Cuba" redirects here. For the historical period of the first republic, see 22288: 22278: 21849: 21409: 20988: 20978: 20507: 20393: 19958: 19821: 19811: 19538: 19423: 19413: 19379: 19092: 19053: 19023: 18894: 18630: 18430: 18264: 18149: 18141: 18112: 18104: 18073: 18017: 18009: 17974: 17839: 17768: 17593: 17580: 17558: 17118: 17057:"WHO validates elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis in Cuba" 16226:"Cubans love the pope and the Catholic Church, but they're just not that into religion" 16125: 15992: 15965: 15961: 15621: 15594: 15328: 13696: 13518: 13241:"Cuba: UN Members overwhelmingly support end of US embargo, as Brazil backs Washington" 13184: 12555: 12547: 12473: 11888: 11841: 11786: 11758: 11727: 11680: 11472: 11424: 11383: 11358: 11325: 10345: 10317: 10292: 10271: 9363:"Trujillo Reported to Crush Invasion Backed by Cuba; TRUJILLO IS SAID TO HALT INVASION" 8549: 8413: 8216: 7674: 7141: 7100: 6834: 6696: 6517: 6149: 5899: 5814: 5411: 5379: 5271: 4765: 4156: 4036: 3932: 3657: 3527: 3454: 3211: 3105: 3066: 2912: 2865: 2732: 2728: 2486: 2478: 2474: 2373: 1925: 1588: 1517: 1420: 1341: 1191: 1062: 928: 900: 260: 21945: 17610:

Allaire, Louis (2000). "Archaeology of the Caribbean Region". In Frank Salomon (ed.).

15804: 12654:"U.S. to Restore Full Relations With Cuba, Erasing a Last Trace of Cold War Hostility" 11942: 11861:"Authoritarian Regimes and Their Permitted Oppositions: Election Day Outcomes in Cuba" 11700:"Authoritarian Regimes and Their Permitted Oppositions: Election Day Outcomes in Cuba" 10776: 9843: 9721:"Case Studies in Sanctions and Terrorism: Case 60–3, US v. Cuba (1960– : Castro)" 4922: 4770: 4542: 2815: 2494: 2058:. During the 1970s, Fidel Castro dispatched tens of thousands of troops in support of 227: 22075:

Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America - Peoples’ Trade Treaty (ALBA-TCP)

21316: 21082: 20983: 20710: 20280: 19455: 19450: 19362: 19292: 19245: 19097: 19038: 18963: 18941: 18889: 18764: 18759: 18571: 18548: 18522: 18496: 18486: 18453: 18394: 18359: 18340: 18317: 18298: 18275: 18248: 18226: 18215: 18196: 18170: 18153: 18116: 18077: 18038: 18021: 17934: 17902: 17874: 17851: 17825: 17814: 17798: 17779: 17749: 17709: 17644: 17615: 17598: 17300: 17234: 17181: 16952:"Centro de Promoción del Comercio Exterior y la Inversión Extranjera de Cuba – CEPEC" 16832: 16544: 16520:"Latin lessons: What can we Learn from the World's most Ambitious Literacy Campaign?" 16406: 16235: 16168: 16102: 16091: 16001: 15860: 15676: 15626: 15332: 15320: 14417: 13886: 13714: 13638: 13476:"Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons" 13390: 13188: 13174: 12927: 12559: 12187:, p. 6: "Cuba is a small country, but it has the foreign policy of a big power." 12129: 11923: 11892: 11880: 11845: 11833: 11790: 11778: 11731: 11719: 11684: 11672: 11550: 11476: 11429: 11411: 11363: 11345: 11303: 11224: 10656: 10322: 10246: 10240: 10183: 10172: 9824: 9814: 9773: 9763: 9695: 9658: 9615: 9542: 9487: 9477: 9330: 9279: 9148: 9099: 8913: 8846: 8771: 8725: 8691: 8644: 8601: 8553: 8498: 8455: 8408: 8318: 8234: 8179: 8136: 8090: 7804: 7775: 7750: 7725: 7532: 7499: 7460: 7375: 7330: 7298: 7263: 7228: 7195: 7146: 7128: 6838: 6826: 6720: 6684: 6564: 6521: 6509: 6454: 5873: 5742: 5713: 5700: 5696: 5515: 5395: 5330: 5173: 5093: 5046:

and José Z. Tallet focused on literature as social protest. The poetry and novels of

4996: 4689: 4616: 4570: 4566: 4538: 4493: 4426: 4115: 3986: 3907: 3776: 3606: 3593: 3504:. The US Justice Department considers Cuba a significant counterintelligence threat. 3348: 3305: 3187: 3071: 3056: 3025: 2948: 2784: 2724: 2482: 2432: 2412: 2392: 2384: 2185:(October 1973). Israeli sources reported the presence of a Cuban tank brigade in the 2067: 1974:

deterioration in the relationship between the two countries. The promulgation of the

1944: 1924:

in an attempt to start a rebellion against the Batista government. In 1958, Castro's

1791: 1787: 1775: 1771: 1574: 1554: 1513: 1453: 1384: 1117: 987: 935: 524: 442: 346: 235: 231: 22016: 21562: 16612: 12892: 12031:"Elizabeth Burgos: 'Los cubanos se han dedicado al control de las Fuerzas Armadas'." 11225:"Plan de Acción Nacional 2006/2010 sobre la Diversidad Biológica. República de Cuba" 10707:

PBS: "Cuba Opens Travel Abroad for Most Citizens, Eliminating Exit Visa Requirement"

7190: 7165: 7016:"Un informe de la ONU señala que los cubanos de 14 a 60 años sufren de malnutrición" 6384: 5863:(1959–65), which lasted longer and involved more soldiers than the Cuban Revolution. 5081: 3729: 1550: 1546: 1534: 1431: 1151: 61: 21955: 21805: 21791:

Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-aligned and Other Developing Countries

21107: 20398: 20295: 20270: 19949: 19944: 19929: 19485: 19460: 19408: 19391: 19002: 18812: 18641: 18422: 18382: 18133: 18096: 18065: 17999: 17674: 17588: 17572: 17178:

Nationalizing Blackness: Afrocubanismo and Artistic Revolution in Havana, 1920–1940

15997: 15616: 15606: 15312: 15245: 13166: 12539: 11872: 11825: 11770: 11711: 11664: 11464: 11419: 11403: 11353: 11337: 10399:"Cuba – No surrender by independent journalists, five years on from "black spring"" 10312: 10304: 10209: 9534: 9495: 9443: 8230: 8175: 7666: 7652: 7255: 7220: 7185: 7136: 7120: 6818: 6556: 6501: 5789: 5785: 5611: 5586: 5541: 5445: 5371: 5241: 5065: 5036: 4988: 4969: 4694: 4591: 4582: 4061: 4014: 3623: 3013: 2877: 2759: 2629:

is the island's national bird. Its white, red and blue feathers match those of the

2598: 2590: 2178: 1940: 1643: 1632: 1614: 1606: 1360: 1311: 995: 700: 496: 323: 223: 47: 17631:"Rationed Products and Something Else: Food Availability and Distribution in 2000" 17514:"From Cuba to world champion: Arduous defection continues to drive Erislandy Lara" 16590: 15316: 12311:. The Cuban contribution to the independence of Mozambique was not very important. 11829: 11668: 11260: 10905:"Raul Castro confirms he's retiring, ending long era of Castro leadership in Cuba" 10444: 9934: 6226:"World Bank total population of Cuba in 2015 (GDP PPP divided by Population data)" 4459: 3779:. These economic sanctions have since been sustained by the Biden administration. 1081:

and customs derive from diverse origins, including the Taíno Ciboney peoples, the

21149: 20452: 19963: 19939: 19934: 19701: 19588: 19578: 19553: 19357: 19313: 19287: 19223: 18853: 18787: 18754: 18729: 18657: 18544: 18536: 18413: 17228: 17010: 16984: 16936: 16931: 16907: 16551: 15728:"Central America :: Cuba — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency" 15611: 15562: 14765: 12037: 11949: 10845: 10807:"Cuba overwhelmingly approves new constitution affirming 'irrevocable' socialism" 10732: 10713: 10630: 10611: 10604: 10584: 9611: 9601: 9581: 8965: 8418: 8212: 7878: 7528: 7320: 7284: 6635: 6440: 5975:"Central America :: Cuba — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency" 5852: 5843: 5777: 5645: 5477: 5326: 5219: 5202: 5097: 5089: 5073: 4905: 4896: 4891: 4796: 4782: 4546: 4512: 4422: 4353: 4349: 4174: 4046: 3873: 3823: 3619: 3583: 3540: 3332: 3297: 3110: 2976: 2900: 2869: 2713: 2665: 2576: 2051: 1998: 1979: 1741: 1711: 1639:. American and European protests against Spanish conduct on the island followed. 1617:, the military governor of Cuba, herded the rural population into what he called 1562: 1558: 1399: 1388: 1372: 1171: 1125: 1121: 1078: 1011: 963: 333: 329: 9938: 5721: 2581: 1754:

and an army revolt forced Machado into exile in August 1933. He was replaced by

1508:

Full independence from Spain was the goal of a rebellion in 1868 led by planter

1314:

departed from Havana with some 600 followers into a vast expedition through the

21854: 21522: 21087: 20782: 20637: 19573: 19543: 19490: 19374: 19342: 18858: 18482: 18333:

Cuba, the United States, and the Helms-Burton Doctrine: International Reactions

18085:

Gleijeses, Piero (1996). "Cuba's First Venture in Africa: Algeria, 1961–1965".

17821: 16636:

Central America :: Cuba — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency

13240: 12526:

Cuba, the United States, and the Helms-Burton Doctrine: International Reactions

11407: 9087: 8905: 7970: 7124: 6700: 6492: 6422: 5926: 5781: 5459: 5399: 5391: 5276: 5138: 4992: 4977: 4953: 4904:

Cuban culture is influenced by its melting pot of cultures, primarily those of

4863: 4628: 4565:

immigrants and their descendants. Other languages spoken by immigrants include

4558: 4504: 4467: 4383: 4379: 4371: 4345: 3936: 3895: 3880: 3840: 3724: 3668:(HDI) of 0.764 in 2021. The same United Nations agency estimated the country's 3552: 3309: 3280: 3236: 2881: 2604: 2594: 2553: 2538: 2462: 2408: 2242: 2198: 2182: 1936: 1919: 1538: 1521: 1345: 1234: 1023: 955: 908: 876: 852: 219: 20097: 18375:

Latin America's Wars Volume II: The Age of the Professional Soldier, 1900-2001

18137: 18100: 18004: 17987: 16441: 15782: 13170: 12543: 11468: 11194: 10204: 9828: 9759:

DEFCON-2: Standing on the Brink of Nuclear War During the Cuban Missile Crisis

9491: 6822: 6505: 5346:, pork with onions, and tropical fruits. Black beans and rice, referred to as 3232: 2998: 2769: 2311: 2289: 2262: 1677:

Raising the Cuban flag on the Governor General's Palace at noon on 20 May 1902

1463: 1321: 1295:

faced high incidence of mortality due to multiple factors, primarily Eurasian

1027: 22203: 22197: 22179: 22166: 21965: 21602: 21356: 21112: 21023: 20902: 20670: 20649: 20632: 20577: 20444: 20260: 19968: 19691: 19563: 19497: 19475: 19430: 19403: 19352: 18667: 18652: 18518: 17847: 17763: 17576: 17481: 16828:

Global Health Policy, Local Realities: The Fallacy of the Level Playing Field

16239: 16005: 15324: 13855: 12931: 12133: 12000: 11884: 11837: 11782: 11723: 11676: 11545:. Critical environments: nature, science, and politics. Oakland, California: 11415: 11349: 10405: 10025: 9316: 9134: 9060: 8992: 8767: 8366: 8304: 8270: 7446: 7199: 7132: 6830: 6672: 6513: 5773: 5644:

The French had recommended this to Spain, advising that declining to give up

5407: 5365: 5308: 5255: 5245: 5229: 5161: 5110: 5069: 5055: 4714: 4603: 4534: 4528: 4363: 4312: 4299: 4294: 3523: 3472: 3215: 3199: 2971: 2868:, was replaced by the Constitution of 1992, which is "guided by the ideas of 2695: 2557: 2458: 2365: 2202: 2186: 1907: 1868: 1813: 1570: 1376: 1058: 872: 824: 799: 775: 298: 209: 189: 176: 19722: 11341: 10553:"China View 2009-06-04: Cuba's Fidel Castro calls OAS a "U.S. Trojan horse"" 9777: 6655: 6628: 5194: 4659: 4133: 3763:

On January 1, 2021, Cuba's dual currency system was formally ended, and the

3360:

and international law. Cuba considers the embargo a human rights violation.

2193:

maintained its own sanctions. In 1979, the U.S. objected to the presence of

1493: 1303:

outbreak killed two-thirds of those few Natives who had previously survived

21607: 21496: 21476: 21018: 20751: 18210: 17602: 17281:

Cuando sali de la Habana 1898-1997: cien años de música cubana por el mundo

16978:

Cuba's Had A Lung Cancer Vaccine For Years, And Now It's Coming To The U.S.

16786:, By Wilber A. Chaffee, Gary Prevost, Rowland and Littlefield, 1992, p. 106 16037:"Cuba sufre el mayor éxodo ante su peor crisis desde el colapso de la URSS" 15805:"Etat des propriétés rurales appartenant à des Français dans l'île de Cuba" 15630: 15495: 15211: 13576:"How Cuba Recruits Spies to Penetrate Inner Circles of the U.S. Government" 11433: 11367: 10877: 10326: 10105: 9951: 9518: 8220: 7797:

The 1813 Aponte Rebellion in Cuba and the Struggle against Atlantic Slavery

7150: 7079: 6359:"Remarks of Senator John F. Kennedy at Democratic Dinner, Cincinnati, Ohio" 6254: 5717: 5501:

Data represents racial self-identification from Cuba's 2012 national census

5387: 4984: 4655: 4624: 4488:

In 2023, Cuba is undergoing its most severe socioeconomic crisis since the

4430: 4341: 3453:

Cuba is the 98th most peaceful country in the world, according to the 2024

3399: 3387: 3288: 3279:

that "the United States seeks a new beginning with Cuba", and reversed the

3272: 3260: 3167: 3163: 2687: 2626: 2534: 2502: 2498: 2369: 2324: 2315: 2307: 2230: 1915: 1903: 1766: 1706: 1651: 1537:, a general of Cuban separatist rebels (right) with U.S. Brigadier General 1355:, which erupted in 1754 across three continents, eventually arrived in the 1256: 1204: 1187: 1007: 999: 959: 939: 254: 242: 67: 17495:"Cuban boxer defected unsuccessfully 38 times before realizing U.S. dream" 16568: 14390:. International Agricultural Trade Report. 6 December 2001. Archived from 13988: 10726:

USA Today: "Cubans can leave, but to where and with what?" by Girish Gupta

9895:"Cuba and the Regional Balance of Power: Cuba's International Involvement" 9538: 6486:

Lachapelle, Jean; Levitsky, Steven; Way, Lucan A.; Casey, Adam E. (2020).

5295:" format. Internet access is controlled, and e-mail is closely monitored. 5190: 4338:

genetic ancestry in Cuba is 72% European, 20% African, and 8% Indigenous.

3931:(9.88 births per thousand population in 2006) is one of the lowest in the 3894:

Some tourist facilities were extensively damaged on 8 September 2017 when

2922: 22125: 21336: 21321: 20968: 20808: 20562: 20512: 20472: 19528: 19347: 19070: 18189:

The Cambridge History of the Cold War, Volume II: Crises and Détente

17897:. Coral Gables, FL: Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies, 15560: 14759:

Study: Cubans don't make much, but it's more than state salaries indicate

14105:"Un informe asegura que el 88% de los cubanos vive en la pobreza extrema" 12747:"Journey to Reconciliation Visited Worlds of Presidents, Popes and Spies" 10370: 10308: 8597: 6805:"The Cuban revolution and infant mortality: A synthetic control approach" 5695:

While Céspedes retained civilian leadership, the military aspects of the

5670: 5431: 5343: 5259: 5169: 5020: 5016: 5012: 4965: 4956:, which has great architectural bastions of all currents and trends from 4826: 4725: 4639: 4475: 4450: 4418: 4367: 4359: 4323: 4276: 3888: 3627: 3292: 2835: 2490: 2454: 2416: 2270: 2194: 2170: 2047: 2002: 1899: 1694: 1690: 1391:

and Caribbean colonies, causing a rapid transformation of Cuban society.

1200: 1097: 888: 266: 113: 18434: 17978: 17584: 15377: 13353: 10907:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Associated Press. 17 April 2021. 10873:"Raúl Castro confirms he is resigning as head of Cuba's Communist party" 10275: 7606: 6677:

The Latin Americans: Their Love-Hate Relationship with the United States

4945: 4724:

Higher education is provided by universities, higher institutes, higher

4643: 4607: 4587: 4554: 4079: 4041: 3833: 3500:

that conducts intelligence operations and maintains close ties with the

1594: 1248: 1030:

was elected his successor. Raúl Castro retired as president in 2018 and

21660: 20846: 20787: 20615: 20610: 20492: 19470: 19262: 18873: 18863: 18069: 18013: 17432:"El acceso a internet en Cuba llega a 7,1 millones de usuarios en 2019" 17389:"El acceso a internet en Cuba llega a 7,1 millones de usuarios en 2019" 14075:"'Cuba Is Depopulating': Largest Exodus Yet Threatens Country's Future" 13215:"The US Embargo Against Cuba: Its Impact on Economic and Social Rights" 12551: 11876: 11715: 7717: 7678: 6776: 5886: 5338: 5152: 5142: 4949: 4835: 4438: 4378:, as well as several thousand North African refugees, most notably the 4187: 3928: 3768: 3704: 3649: 3597: 3391: 3284: 3203: 2630: 2328: 2255: 2138: 2075: 1871:. He then aligned with the wealthiest landowners who owned the largest 1624: 1424: 1284: 892: 753: 20746: 18145: 18108: 16924: 16146: 15591: 14041:"Envío de remesas a Cuba cayó el 54,14 % en 2020, según expertos" 13766: 11993:"Country Status and ratings overview – Freedom in the World 1973–2016" 11326:"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm" 10270:. Vol. 37. Royal Institute of International Affairs. p. 45. 7163: 6940: 6204: 5120: 4097: 4051: 3828: 3787:

Cuba's natural resources include sugar, tobacco, fish, citrus fruits,

3486: 2940:

Cuba's national legislature, the National Assembly of People's Power (

2793: 2743:

mean score of 5.4/10, ranking it 102nd globally out of 172 countries.

2645:, with one revision, that the convention received on 24 January 2008. 2346:

and retained broad authority, including oversight over the president.

22135: 22115: 21949: 20877: 20694: 20644: 20547: 20522: 20129: 19766: 19735: 19332: 18426: 17015: 12836:"Cuba to Be Removed From U.S. List of Nations That Sponsor Terrorism" 12255:. Tareke refers here to the training given to 10 members of the 12160:"Raul Castro retires but Cuban Communist Party emphasizes continuity" 11859:

Domínguez, Jorge I.; Galvis, Ángela Fonseca; Superti, Chiara (2017).

11698:

Domínguez, Jorge I.; Galvis, Ángela Fonseca; Superti, Chiara (2017).

11504:"The Constitution of the Republic of Cuba, 1976 (as Amended to 2002)" 8721: 7886: 7883:

Antonio Maceo: The "Bronze Titan" of Cuba's Struggle for Independence

6361:. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum. 6 October 1960. 5649: 5632: 5383: 4709:

was founded in 1728 and there are a number of other well-established

4599: 4497: 3796: 3615: 3482: 3477: 3403: 2873: 2857: 2653: 2545: 2161: 2108: 2030: 1890: 1628: 1296: 1288: 1226: 998:. That revolution established communist rule under the leadership of 920: 19568: 17296:

Contemporary Dance in Cuba: Tecnica Cubana as Revolutionary Movement

16955: 16342:"Cuba pardons more than 3,500 prisoners ahead of Pope Francis visit" 16286:"Pope Francis in Cuba: pontiff arrives in Santiago – as it happened" 15753:"Sahrawi children inhumanely treated in Cuba, former Cuban official" 15212:

Facio, Elisa; Maura Toro-Morn, and Anne R. Roschelle (Spring 2004).

14699: 13544: 12682: 10053:

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime: Prospects for the 21st Century

9405:"The Rafael Trujillo Assassination: Why Did the CIA Follow Through?" 7670: 6179: 5225: 5157: 4778:

After the revolution, Cuba established a free public health system.

3708:

Cubans are now permitted to own small businesses in certain sectors.

2127: 1591:

on 19 May 1895. His death immortalized him as Cuba's national hero.

22105: 21038: 20767: 20593: 20532: 20502: 20477: 19924: 18488:

Inside the Cuban Revolution: Fidel Castro and the Urban Underground

18387:

Slave Emancipation in Cuba: The Transition to Free Labor, 1860–1899

17682:. Gainesville, FL: Department of Food and Resource Economics, 15518:"U.S. Department of State People Profiles Latin American Countries" 14796:

minutes of the appearance of scarce products like chicken or flour.

13128:. Washington: Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute - 13067:"En qué consiste el embargo comercial de Estados Unidos sobre Cuba" 12805:"U.S. and Cuba reach deal to reopen embassies and reestablish ties" 11774: 10750: 10648: 8714:

Jones, Melanie (2001). "Cuba: History". In West, Jacqueline (ed.).

8545:

The War of 1898, and U.S. Interventions, 1898–1934: An Encyclopedia

7290: 6772:"Fact-checking Bernie Sanders' claim on Cuba literacy under Castro" 6067:"New Cuban leadership reflects a rebranding of Castro dictatorship" 5674: 5662: 5661:

This was a much higher proportion of free blacks to slaves than in

5402:

defected to the U.S. and Mexico respectively. Cuba also provides a

5336:

The typical meal could consist of plantains, black beans and rice,

4973: 4562: 4414: 4410: 4335: 3844: 3429: 3376: 3191: 3038: 2661: 2609: 2420: 2134: 2039: 1610: 1394: 1337: 1304: 1022:, Cuba faced a severe economic downturn in the 1990s, known as the 1003: 819: 757: 19862: 18356:

Latin America's Wars, Volume I: The Age of the Caudillo, 1791–1899

17202:"Cuban Government Censors Reggaeton and "Sexually Explicit" Songs" 16852: 15030:"Biden administration decided to keep Cuba in the "bad boys" list" 12920:"Tillerson Says U.S. May Close Cuba Embassy Over Mystery Ailments" 12744: 11110:"Winds whip Florida Keys as Hurricane Irma turns sights northward" 10578:

CNN: "Cuba eases travel restriction for citizens" by Ben Brumfield

10527:"China View 2009-06-04: OAS plenary votes to end Cuba's exclusion" 5754:

A monument in Havana honors the Cuban Chinese who fell in the war.

5186: 5178: 4983:

During the Republican period, large buildings were built, such as

2445: 2334:

Raúl Castro stepped down from the presidency on 19 April 2018 and

1839: 1280: 22110: 22095: 21351: 20772: 20627: 20537: 20517: 19548: 17347: 15348:"Cuba's Justice Minister says the government fights prostitution" 9607:

Eisenhower and Latin America: The Foreign Policy of Anticommunism

7850:

Slavery in the Americas: A Comparative Study of Virginia and Cuba

7649:

Slavery in the Americas: A Comparative Study of Virginia and Cuba

6943:"Cuban Health Care Systems and its implications for the NHS Plan" 6284: 5847:

North coast. Dominican Air Force pilots fired rockets from their

5453: 5024: 4957: 4666: 4642:

of various kinds. Christianity is often practiced in tandem with

4631:, with some groups claiming as many as 100,000 members. However, 4375: 4261: 3751: 3634: 3410:

primarily imports chicken meat, wheat, corn, and condensed milk.

3179: 2699: 2672:

is the world's smallest known bird, with a length of 55 mm (

2512: 1435: 1300: 1272: 904: 884: 311: 18686: 14779:"Cuba rations chicken, eggs and rice as economic crisis worsens" 14502:. Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy. Archived from 13298:"U.S. tightens travel rules to Cuba, blacklists many businesses" 12834:

Archibold, Randal C.; Davis, Julie Hirschfield (14 April 2015).

11757:

Smyth, Regina; Bianco, William; Chan, Kwan Nok (25 April 2019).

4519:

combined", which were Cuba's previous largest migration events.

3566:

and Human Rights Watch. Cuba ranks 171st out of 180 on the 2020

1613:

tactics. The Spaniards began a campaign of suppression. General

21127: 20919: 20605: 20552: 20542: 20487: 20482: 20439: 19867: 19523: 18671: 18163:

Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington, and Africa, 1959–1976

16453: 16451: 15954:"Essential Background: Overview of human rights issues in Cuba" 15277:. Tourism Trends and Marketing Strategies UNWTO. Archived from 14015:"CUBA: The Fastest Growing Remittances Market in Latin America" 12685:"U.S. Frees Last of the 'Cuban Five,' Part of a 1990s Spy Ring" 12624: 12291:

declared, 'The Cubans' solidarity was decisive for our struggle

11049:"Cuba Family Code: Country votes to legalise same-sex marriage" 10957:"Cubanos protestan en el Zócalo conta el régimen de Díaz Canel" 10371:

Carlos Lauria; Monica Campbell; María Salazar (18 March 2008).

9684: 8171:

Of Planting and Planning: The Making of British Colonial Cities

6446:

Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War

5741:

A battalion of 500 Chinese fought under the command of General

5375: 5288: 5284: 5237: 5182: 5129: 4941: 4434: 4169: 4027: 4022: 4004: 3918: 3887:

The Cuban Justice minister downplays allegations of widespread

3800: 3544: 3195: 3061: 2952: 2657: 2119: 2096: 1855: 1481:

In the 1820s, when the rest of Spain's empire in Latin America

1276: 1074: 990:. The Batista government was overthrown in January 1959 by the 912: 316: 168: 17531: 13019:"Evoking Castro, Putin and Cuban leader pledge to deepen ties" 12574:"Obama Says U.S., Cuba Taking Critical Steps Toward a New Day" 12118:

Munita, Tomas; Lima, Mauricio; Ahmed, Azam (3 December 2016).

5805:, on 3 July 1898, was the largest naval engagement during the 5374:

is the most popular. Other popular sports include volleyball,

5156:, which has been the basis of many other musical styles like " 4850:

as "one of the greatest public health achievements possible".

3315: 2318:

at their joint press conference in Havana, Cuba, 21 March 2016

871:

surrounding the main island. It is located where the northern

21979: 21969: 21959: 21341: 21311: 20741: 20527: 18184:

Gleijeses, Piero (2010). "Cuba and the Cold War, 1959–1980".

15648: 14809:"Cuba announces increase in wages as part of economic reform" 13328:"U.S. issues new Cuba sanctions, Biden promises more to come" 12600:"U.S. Administration Announcement on U.S. Policy Toward Cuba" 10601:

BBC: "Leaving Cuba: The difficult task of exiting the island"

9275:

World Literature in Spanish: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia

9271: 5526:, Cuba's top decision-making bodies, making the officeholder 5008: 4651: 4561:

is the second-most spoken language in Cuba, and is spoken by

4322:

determined that "An objective assessment of the situation of

3380: 3207: 2508: 2157: 2115: 1827:

though not entirely ineffectual, Congress and Supreme Court.

1790:, overthrew Céspedes. A five-member executive committee (the 1504:

in Cuba, having declared its independence from Spain in 1868.

1439: 1375:. When Havana surrendered, the admiral of the British fleet, 1195: 943: 934:

The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited as early as the

924: 896: 864: 17988:"Cuba as a 'World Medical Power': The Politics of Symbolism" 17532:"Cuba – Comité Olímpico Cubano – National Olympic Committee" 17411:"Internet access in Cuba: How data plans work on the Island" 16448: 16035:

Hull, Christopher; Kent, James Clifford (20 February 2023).

14977:"Cuba opens foreign currency-only shops, ends tax on dollar" 14835:"Cuba eliminates the CUC and announces currency unification" 13885:. Publisher: Brookings Institution Press. pp. 214–215. 12867:"Obama Nixing Cuba From List of State Sponsors of Terrorism" 12045:"Cuba es una dictadura militar y una sociedad militarizada." 7900: 7898: 7896: 7097: 5550: 5313: 4853: 4638:

The religious landscape of Cuba is also strongly defined by

2864:

ideology. The Constitution of 1976, which defined Cuba as a

1997:) took place on 14 April 1961, during the term of President 1895: 1210: 22074: 22036:‡ denotes a former member state of the Non-Aligned Movement 21326: 21192: 17745: 16658:"World population Prospects: The 2006 Revision: Highlights" 14868:"What will Cuba's new single currency mean for the island?" 14385:"Cuba's Sugar Industry and the Impact of Hurricane Michele" 14363:"Catholic church in Cuba strives to re-establish the faith" 12683:

Frances Robles; Julie Hirschfeld Davis (18 December 2014).

11107: 6624: 6622: 6176:"Indicadores Demográficos por provincias y municipios 2022" 5872:

An estimated 5,000 Cubans were killed in action during the

5556: 5292: 4900:

A local musical house, Casa de la Trova in Santiago de Cuba

3398:. These diplomatic improvements were later reversed by the 3363: 2174: 2063: 1843: 1721:

Following disputed elections in 1906, the first president,

1698: 1109: 17867:

To Make a World Safe for Revolution: Cuba's Foreign Policy

16369:"Cuba pardons 3,522 prisoners ahead of Pope Francis visit" 15159:"After 46 years of failure, we must change course on Cuba" 13934:"Cuba's repressive machinery: Summary and recommendations" 13734: 10744: 10021:"Why the Cuban military machine should intervene in Syria" 9691:

The Economic Impact of U.S. Sanctions with Respect to Cuba

8210: 6485: 5019:

in Manhattan or other Latin American metropolises such as

3697:

Cuba's leadership has called for reforms in the country's

3190:. Other countries that featured Cuban involvement include 2457:

of 4,195 islands, cays and islets located in the northern

21816:"Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery of the Nonaligned Countries 17563: 17233:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. p. 28. 17088:"Cuba first to eliminate mother-to-baby HIV transmission" 17060: 14474:"Venezuela's Maduro pledges continued alliance with Cuba" 13767:"Number of Cuban political prisoners dips – rights group" 13165:. Studies in Critical Social Sciences. pp. 129–147. 12121:"A Nation in Mourning: Images of Cuba After Fidel Castro" 11322: 9000:

World War II: The Encyclopedia of the War Years 1941–1945

8389: 8377: 7893: 7772:

Freedom's Mirror: Cuba and Haiti in the Age of Revolution

7747:

Freedom's Mirror: Cuba and Haiti in the Age of Revolution

7722:

Freedom's Mirror: Cuba and Haiti in the Age of Revolution

7365: 5206: 4665:

Cuba also hosts small communities of Jews (500 in 2012),

4658:

were black and dark brown-skinned, most practitioners of

2338:

was elected president by the National Assembly following

1034:

was elected president by the National Assembly following

868: 836: 16813:

Community Health Nursing: Caring for the Public's Health

15227:. University of Iowa College of Law: 119. Archived from 14017:. The Havana Consulting Group & Tech. 23 June 2016. 13608:. European Communities. 4 September 2003. Archived from 11380: 11166: 9882:. Macon, Georgia: Hacienda Publishing. pp. 163–228. 9809:. Movements and Moments That Changed America. New York: 8486: 6974:. Observatorio Cubano de Derechos Humanos (OCDH). 2023. 6941:

The Committee Office, House of Commons (28 March 2001).

6619: 3879:

A study in 2018 indicated that Cuba has a potential for

3210:. Lesser known actions include the 1959 missions to the 2970:

Cuba is considered an authoritarian regime according to

1516:. A great number of the rebels were volunteers from the 1061:

government where political opposition is not permitted.

16831:. Boulder, Col.: Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 69. 16759:"La otra cara de Cuba: el negocio de las batas blancas" 16702:"Cuba's Most Valuable Export: Its Healthcare Expertise" 15302: 14951:"Cuba to reform economy, allow more private enterprise" 12745:

Mark Landler and Michael R. Gordon (17 December 2014).

12380:. European Commission. 26 November 2008. Archived from 12202: 11571:"Raul Castro to lead Cuba's Communist Party until 2021" 11079:"Florida braces for Hurricane Irma after Cuba landfall" 10404:. Reporters Without Borders. March 2008. Archived from 9947:"Cuba and Algerian revolutions: an intertwined history" 9575:

US rejects Cuba demand to hand back Guantanamo Bay base

9470:

When the State Kills: The Death Penalty v. Human Rights

9385: 9021: 7521:

Epidemics and Pandemics: Their Impacts on Human History

7495:

Encyclopedia of Pestilence, Pandemics, and Plagues: A-M

7072:"Alfred Carrada – The Dictionary Of The Taino Language" 6803:

Geloso, Vincent; Pavlik, Jamie Bologna (1 April 2021).

6638:, Reporters Without Borders. Retrieved 12 November 2015 5224:

Cuban culture encompasses a wide range of dance forms.

4344:

make up about 1% of the population, and are largely of

2911:, making the office holder the most powerful person in 1778:, who controlled the armed forces, appears at far right 879:, and Atlantic Ocean meet. Cuba is located east of the 18291:

Political Disaffection in Cuba's Revolution and Exodus

17766:; Carr, Barry; Smorkaloff, Pamela Maria, eds. (2004). 16428:

Sacred Spaces and Religious Traditions in Oriente Cuba

16283: 16147:"Cuban Creole choir brings solace to Haiti's children" 14215:. United Nations Development Programme. 11 July 2023. 11858: 11815: 11697: 8628: 8626: 8624: 7817: 7551:

Volume 1. Mc Graw Hill, New York 2010, Chapter 1, p. 1

7318: 6040:. National Assembly of People's Power. 10 April 2019. 5898:

Roy's study was described as "systematic and fair" by

4935:

There are magnificent religious buildings such as the

4750:

Instituto Superior Politécnico José Antonio Echeverría

3618:

principles in organizing its largely state-controlled

1348:, all of which had large-scale sugarcane plantations. 1065:

is extensive and independent journalism is repressed;

17762: 17321:"Cuba's New Internet Service is Also No Bed of Roses" 17140:

Costa Rica – Journey into the Tropical Garden of Eden

16825:

Whiteford, Linda M.; Manderson, Lenore, eds. (2000).

16789: 16317:. Voice of America. 11 September 2015. Archived from 14895:"Cuba protests: The economic woes driving discontent" 14700:

Categoría: Lucha de nuestros pueblos (1 April 2014).

14068: 14066: 13673:. Committee to Protect Journalists. 9 December 2021. 13384:"Cuban armed forces and the Soviet military presence" 11509:. National Assembly of People's Power. Archived from 10747:"Cuba Frees American Alan Gross, Held for Five Years" 9803:

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South America, Central America and the Caribbean 2002

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8409:"Treaty of Peace Between the United States and Spain" 8057: 7861: 7578: 7566: 7554: 5574: 5547: 3795:

of Canada operates a large nickel mining facility in

3679:, ranking 114 of 226 world countries, and imports of 3182:

in 1961–1965 and sent tens of thousands of troops to

1106:

Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States

16425: 15378:"Travel Advice and Advisories for Cuba: Sex tourism" 12865:

Gamboa, Suzanne; Abdullah, Halimah (14 April 2015).

12625:

Daniel Trotta and Steve Holland (17 December 2014).

12089:"Cuba's Raul Castro announces retirement in 5 years" 11969:. The Economist Intelligence Unit. 25 January 2017. 11963:"Democracy Index 2016: Revenge of the 'deplorables'" 11316: 9756:

Polmar, Norman; Gresham, John D. (17 January 2006).

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Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies

7042:"Cuba – Cultural institutions | history – geography" 6969:"The State of Social Rights in Cuba: VI Report 2023" 5553: 5421: 5414:

was a Cuban world chess champion from 1921 to 1927.

4842:

In 2015, Cuba became the first country to eradicate

2201:

and establishment of the military government led by

18031:

The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa

17676:

Cuban Agriculture Before 1959: The Social Situation

17230:

Rumba: Dance and Social Change in Contemporary Cuba

13908:"Is Cuba's Vision of Market Socialism Sustainable?" 13416:"Cuban army called key in any post-Castro scenario" 12298: 12226: 12214: 11374: 10423:"Castro resigns as Cuban president: official media" 9450: 9272:Maureen Ihrie; Salvador Oropesa (31 October 2011). 9257:Padrón, José Luis; Betancourt, Luis Adrián (2008). 9006: 8621: 7724:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 5. 5544: 3939:(1.43 children per woman) coupled with emigration. 2556:mountains in the southeast, whose highest point is 2054:and was killed in 1967 while attempting to start a 1965:Since 1959, Cuba has regarded the U.S. presence in 1002:. The country was a point of contention during the 18452:. Silver Spring, MD: ASCE. pp. 247–259. 18263: 18214: 17813: 17767: 17708:. Silver Spring, MD: ASCE. pp. 260–272. 17343:"Cuba launches Knowledge-like online encyclopedia" 16824: 16426:Dodson, Jualynne E.; Millet Batista, José (2008). 16367: 16311:"Cuba to Free 3,500 Prisoners Ahead of Pope Visit" 16090: 15827:"International migrant stock, total - Cuba | Data" 15436:"Population, birth rate falling in Cuba: Official" 15409:. Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas. Archived from 14675:"Cuba National Assembly approves economic reforms" 14213:"2023 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)" 14073:Augustin, Ed; Robles, Frances (10 December 2022). 14063: 13695: 13354:"SIPRI Military Expenditure Database | SIPRI" 12989:"Cuba and Russia Strengthen Strategic Partnership" 12716:"How America's Relationship With Cuba Will Change" 12278: 12266: 12190: 12119: 11108:Brian Thevenot; Robin Respaut (9 September 2017). 11017:Flores, Griselda; Cobo, Leila (19 November 2021). 10171: 9806:Thirteen Days of Tension: The Cuban Missile Crisis 8871: 8796: 8343: 7424: 6875: 6704: 5724:, utilizing the experience they had gained in the 5236:is another dance of Cuban origin, while the Cuban 5228:was the official musical genre and dance of Cuba. 4744:, the top-ranking universities in the country are 4311:determined that 62% of Cubans are black using the 2986:reports. More specifically, Cuba is considered a 2601:. These are most common in September and October. 2465:and the Atlantic Ocean. It lies between latitudes 2156:, the Cubans alongside their MPLA allies defeated 1891:Revolution and Communist Party rule (1959–present) 1850:) dwellings in Havana, Cuba in 1954, just outside 982:, but mounting political unrest culminated in the 855:, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), 22214:1898 disestablishments in the Spanish West Indies 18564:Primary Health Care in Cuba: The Other Revolution 18562:Whiteford, Linda M.; Branch, Laurence G. (2008). 18316:. Alphen aan den Rijn: Sijthoff & Noordhoff. 18187:In Melvyn P. Leffler & Odd Arne Westad, eds., 18051: 16265: 15755:. MoroccoTimes.com. 31 March 2006. Archived from 15585: 15339: 14925:"Cuba opens up its economy to private businesses" 14466: 13883:Open for Business: Building the New Cuban Economy 13478:. United Nations Treaty Collection. 7 July 2017. 12893:"Cuba praises 'fair' US pledge on terrorism list" 12178: 10777:"Raul Castro leaving Cuban presidency, not power" 10745:Andrea Mitchell; Eric McClam (18 December 2014). 10555:. News.xinhuanet.com. 4 June 2009. Archived from 10529:. News.xinhuanet.com. 4 June 2009. Archived from 10358: 10094: 10092: 9265: 9238: 8830: 8828: 8826: 8755: 8753: 6654:. Reporters Without Borders. 2008. Archived from 6377: 6095:. Central Intelligence Agency. 20 February 2023. 3259:In 1996, the United States, then under President 2997:In February 2013, President of the State Council 1573:in the Dominican Republic to join the efforts of 1096:Cuba is a founding member of the United Nations, 22195: 17559:"On a mission: how Cuba uses its doctors abroad" 15193: 15123: 11498: 11496: 11494: 11492: 11490: 11488: 11486: 10339: 9880:Cuba in Revolution – Escape From a Lost Paradise 9256: 8838:Expansionism: Its Effects on Cuba's Independence 7101:"A genetic history of the pre-contact Caribbean" 6488:"Social Revolution and Authoritarian Durability" 5792:—had tried to buy the island of Cuba from Spain. 5772:Over the previous decades, five U.S. presidents— 4968:art, and other preserved colonial towns such as 1854:. In the background is advertising for a nearby 1026:. In 2008, Fidel Castro retired after 49 years; 21770:Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement 18561: 18541:Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750 17738:Breier, Mignonne; Wildschut, Angelique (2007). 17737: 16858: 16684: 16488: 16486: 16398: 15561:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 15396: 12117: 11756: 11563: 11295: 11129: 11127: 10342:"Doing Business with Cuba – The Complete Guide" 10238: 9844:"U.S. Military Wanted to Provoke War With Cuba" 9642: 9640: 9638: 9311: 9309: 9307: 7549:After the Fact: The Art of Historical Detection 6549:"Information and Civil Unrest in Dictatorships" 4846:of HIV and syphilis, a milestone hailed by the 4623:The government's relaxation of restrictions on 1935:By late 1958, the rebels had broken out of the 1794:) was chosen to head a provisional government. 1207:people, who lived a hunter gatherer lifestyle. 22209:1515 establishments in the Spanish West Indies 21796:Center for Human Rights and Cultural Diversity 18266:Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492–1700 17963:Falk, Pamela S. (1988). "Washing and Havana". 15156: 14072: 13735:"Cuba - Constant ordeal for independent media" 12864: 12833: 11289: 10293:"Health consequences of Cuba's Special Period" 10136:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 11. 10089: 9728:Peterson Institute for International Economics 8823: 8750: 8633:Chaffee, Wilber Albert; Prevost, Gary (1992). 8632: 8541: 8271:"Cuban Reconcentration Policy and its Effects" 7646: 7341:(gives the landing date in Cuba as 28 October) 7309:(gives the landing date in Cuba as 27 October) 7254:. University Press of Florida. pp. 8–16. 5512:First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba 5280:Users of a public WiFi hotspot in Havana, Cuba 2915:. Members of both councils are elected by the 2897:First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba 2643:National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2597:combine to make the country prone to frequent 2001:. About 1,400 Cuban exiles disembarked at the 1918:and about 80 supporters landed from the yacht 536:110,860 km (42,800 sq mi) ( 471:(Handed over to the United States from Spain) 22059: 21676: 20862: 20425: 19751: 19727: 18737: 18702: 18247:. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books. 17085: 16872:"Cuban medical team heading for Sierra Leone" 16680: 16678: 15221:Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems 14492: 14448:"Cuban leader looks to boost food production" 14360: 14307:"Cuba makes poor trade partner for Louisiana" 13957: 13955: 12956: 11654: 11483: 10234: 10232: 9755: 9112: 9036: 8926: 8675: 8087:Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia 7647:Melvin Drimmer (April 1968). "Reviewed Work: 7601: 7599: 7597: 7595: 7593: 7219:. Oxford University Press. pp. 151–196. 6695: 3656:was $ 9,500 as of 2020. But according to the 3386:On 17 December 2014, United States President 3300:experienced by its staff. In the wake of the 2485:) is about 150 km (93 miles) across the 2362:several large protests against the government 1618: 1472: 1275:. Other settlements soon followed, including 1225:After first landing on an island then called 915:is the largest city and capital. Cuba is the 111: 94: 39: 21786:Centre for South-South Technical Cooperation 19196:Committees for the Defense of the Revolution 18441: 18028: 16726:Miller, Lee J.; Lu, Wei (24 February 2019). 16483: 16402:Caribbean Religious History: An Introduction 14862: 14860: 14356: 14354: 14333:"Rank Order – GDP (purchasing power parity)" 14270: 14268: 14266: 14264: 14127: 12248: 12057:"The Cuban military and transition dynamics" 11124: 9933: 9796: 9749: 9715: 9713: 9711: 9635: 9596: 9594: 9592: 9590: 9440:"Anti-Cuba Bandits: terrorism in past tense" 9304: 9220: 7322:Cuba: Population, History and Resources 1907 7212: 6945:. Select Committee on Health. Archived from 6802: 6205:"World Bank GDP PPP 2015, 28 April 2017 PDF" 5925:. Central Bank of Cuba. 2015. Archived from 3836:, a colonial city UNESCO World Heritage Site 2719:Cuba is home to six terrestrial ecoregions: 2648:The country's fourth national report to the 2029:Fidel Castro and members of the East German 1577:. Martí recorded his political views in the 1553:attempted to start another war known as the 1085:of Spanish colonialism, the introduction of 22224:1902 disestablishments in the United States 18054:"Can Cuba Change? Ferment in Civil Society" 18052:Gershman, Carl; Gutierrez, Orlando (2009). 17770:The Cuba Reader: History, Culture, Politics 17511: 17004:USA about to get Cuba's lung cancer vaccine 16901:Cuban medical team heading for Sierra Leone 16496:. Mdgs.un.org. 23 June 2010. Archived from 16444:. Baha'iWorldNewsService.com. 13 June 2005. 15248:. U.S. Department of State. December 2005. 15214:"Tourism in Cuba During the Special Period" 14415: 12470:"Cuban doctors prescribe hope in Venezuela" 11527:For discussion of the 1992 amendments, see 11449:Environment, Development and Sustainability 11162: 11160: 10986:PERÚ, NOTICIAS EL COMERCIO (12 July 2021). 10202: 9990: 9988: 9986: 9984: 9982: 9980: 9978: 9976: 9974: 9955:. Vol. 83, no. 8. New York City. 9802: 9678: 9506: 8900: 8898: 8896: 6439: 5699:were under the leadership of the Dominican 3853: 3799:. Cuba is also a major producer of refined 3316:Embargo by the United States (1960–present) 3265:Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act 3019: 2660:-forming species (5844), plants (9107) and 2181:(November 1973–May 1974) that followed the 1520:, and other countries, as well as numerous 1414:conquest of British-controlled West Florida 946:peoples inhabiting the area at the time of 485:declared (Independence from United States) 22314:States and territories established in 1902 22299:Spanish-speaking countries and territories 22066: 22052: 21683: 21669: 20869: 20855: 20432: 20418: 19758: 19744: 18709: 18695: 17985: 17792: 17247: 16864: 16795: 16728:"These Are the World's Healthiest Nations" 16675: 16545:Getting a Reading on High Literacy in Cuba 16512: 16442:"Government officials visit Baha'i center" 15857:Encyclopedia of North American Immigration 15380:. Government of Canada. 16 November 2012. 14111:(in European Spanish). 29 September 2023. 13952: 12713: 12351:. museodelaresistencia.org. Archived from 12196: 12043:30 July 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2022. 11955: 11135:"Storm Gains Strength as It Nears Florida" 11016: 10497:"Raúl Castro replaces top Cuban officials" 10297:CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal 10229: 10019:Simha, Rakesh Krishnan (21 October 2015). 8437: 8395: 8383: 8076: 8074: 8072: 8070: 8013:"The Little War of 1878 – History of Cuba" 7904: 7642: 7640: 7638: 7636: 7634: 7632: 7590: 7276: 3446:In 2017, Cuba signed the UN treaty on the 2753: 2383:which amended the Family Code to legalise 1761: 1668: 1291:in medieval Europe. Within a century, the 150: 20171:Caribbean Basin Trade and Partnership Act 18314:The Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz 18261: 18183: 18160: 18123: 18084: 18003: 17925:"Cuban Tourism During the Special Period" 17887: 17864: 17838: 17697: 17592: 17313: 17283:. 3rd ed, Cubanacán, San Juan P.R. p24-25 16366:Alexander, Harriett (11 September 2015). 16365: 16271: 16126:"Lucumi: A Language of Cuba (Ethnologue)" 15672:Cuba: a Lonely Planet travel survival kit 15620: 15610: 14857: 14551:Alliance, Community (13 September 2011). 14351: 14261: 13981: 13905: 13376: 13217:. Amnesty International. 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See 18517:(updated ed.). Cambridge, MA: 18372: 18311: 18239: 17816:This Is Cuba: An Outlaw Culture Survives 17556: 17484:whatcuba.com, accessed 23 February 2021. 17335: 16725: 16392: 16034: 15698:"A Short History of the Chinese in Cuba" 15272:"UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2013 Edition" 15083: 15081: 15001: 14614:"Recent Reforms in Cuban Housing Policy" 14550: 14500:"Cuba Ill-Prepared for Venezuelan Shock" 14309:. Center for a Free Cuba. Archived from 14189:. United Nations Development Programme. 13880: 13825:"What countries have a planned economy?" 13624: 13064: 12627:"U.S., Cuba restore ties after 50 years" 12499: 12320: 11540: 11157: 10804: 10678:"Cubans line up for the chance to leave" 10425:. Agence France-Presse. 19 February 2008 10375:. The Committee to Protect Journalists. 10287: 10285: 10203:Ra'anan, Gavriel D. (31 December 1978). 10178:. Transaction Publishers. 1990. p. 10098: 9994: 9971: 9892: 9391: 9216: 9214: 9212: 8893: 8884: 8835:Villafana, Frank R. (31 December 2011). 8763:Cuba: From Columbus to Castro and Beyond 8120: 8118: 7694: 7692: 7690: 7688: 7344: 6553:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics 5510:The most powerful political position is 5312: 5275: 4991:, and other large buildings such as the 4921: 4895: 4831:Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center 4769: 4693: 4586: 4476:large and influential diaspora community 4458: 4293: 3839: 3827: 3750: 3723: 3703: 3605: 3535: 3476: 3362: 3242: 3227: 3158: 3037: 2921: 2620: 2580: 2533: 2444: 2306: 2294:removed some of his brother's appointees 2224: 2024: 1960: 1894: 1838: 1765: 1672: 1593: 1529: 1492: 1462: 1430: 1393: 1320: 1247: 583: 568: 21832:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 18608:Official site of the Government of Cuba 18353: 18288: 17811: 17672: 17628: 17609: 17469: 17299:. McFarland & Company. p. 23. 17111: 16923:Alexandra Sifferlin (5 November 2014). 16182: 16088: 16030: 16028: 16026: 16024: 16022: 15936: 15886: 15510: 15438:. The Peninsula On-line. 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ABC-CLIO. p. 549. 7953: 7935:from the original on 23 September 2021 7801:The University of North Carolina Press 7794: 7769: 7744: 7716: 7584: 7572: 7560: 7282: 7260:10.5744/florida/9781683400028.003.0002 7093: 7091: 7089: 7010: 7008: 7006: 7004: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6671: 6419:"Cuba's hero and dictator, dead at 90" 6261:from the original on 20 September 2022 6117: 4455:Cuban immigration to the United States 2872:and the political and social ideas of 2781:First Secretary of the Communist Party 2511:is 77 km (47.8 mi) east and 2379:On 25 September 2022, Cuba approved a 2344:First Secretary of the Communist Party 2022:communist system modeled on the USSR. 1834: 1557:but failed to receive enough support. 1483:rebelled and formed independent states 1040:First Secretary of the Communist Party 22047: 21664: 20850: 20413: 20211:Eastern Caribbean Securities Exchange 19739: 19726: 18690: 18481: 18407: 18381: 17175: 17105: 16925:Why Cuba Is So Good at Fighting Ebola 16756: 16699: 16569:"Students graduate from Cuban school" 16556:Teachers College, Columbia University 16259: 16093:Santeria from Africa to the New World 15078: 14892: 14681:from the original on 28 November 2018 14655:from the original on 22 December 2016 14624:from the original on 5 September 2021 14611: 14480:from the original on 22 December 2015 14440: 14205: 14153: 13969:from the original on 24 February 2015 13574:Strobel, Brett Forrest and Warren P. 13482:from the original on 30 December 2022 13158: 13103:from the original on 15 November 2020 12651: 12468:Arsenault, Chris (31 December 2012). 12405: 11973:from the original on 11 November 2019 11606:from the original on 20 February 2009 11534: 11145:from the original on 9 September 2017 11089:from the original on 9 September 2017 11029:from the original on 20 November 2021 10838: 10675: 10282: 10018: 9874: 9841: 9737:from the original on 14 February 2017 9512: 9432: 9209: 9133: 9118: 9086: 8947: 8932: 8713: 8590:Sanderlin, Terry K. 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DIANE. p. Section 2–3, p. 2. 9600: 9456: 9423: 8682:. Vol. 1. 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It was then a 422:National Assembly of People's Power 13: 18829:United States embargo against Cuba 18642:Key Development Forecasts for Cuba 18167:University of North Carolina Press 17930:Cuba in Transition, Volume 10 17636:Cuba in Transition, Volume 11 17351:. 13 December 2010. Archived from 17180:. University of Pittsburgh Press. 17112:Burnett, Victoria (24 July 2013). 16757:Ramos, Javier (18 November 2021). 16591:"Cuba-trained US doctors graduate" 16340:Miroff, Nick (11 September 2015). 16190:"Religious Composition by Country" 15964:. 31 December 2005. Archived from 15914:. 3 September 2002. Archived from 15779:"La inmigración entre 1902 y 1920" 15404:"ANUARIO DEMOGRAFICO DE CUBA 2010" 15157:Wayne S. Smith (1 November 2006). 14141:from the original on 1 August 2023 13881:Feinberg, Richard (14 June 2016). 13798:. oxfamamerica.org. Archived from 13637:. P.I.E. 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The 3602:United States embargo against Cuba 3460: 3327:billion, the then U.S. President, 3322:United States embargo against Cuba 3287:", brokered in part by Canada and 2942:Asamblea Nacional de Poder Popular 2884:." The constitution describes the 2847:President of the National Assembly 2639:Convention on Biological Diversity 1951:became the provisional president. 1091:relationship with the Soviet Union 400:President of the National Assembly 14: 22325: 19201:Dirección General de Inteligencia 18716: 18665:to help reach a consensus. › 18601: 18449:Cuba in Transition, Volume 8 18126:Journal of Latin American Studies 18088:Journal of Latin American Studies 17705:Cuba in Transition, Volume 8 17512:Satterfield, Lem (10 June 2015). 17030:Jacobs, Sally (10 January 2018). 16494:"unstats – Millennium Indicators" 15859:. Facts on File. pp. 68–71. 15169:from the original on 17 June 2020 14953:. 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The First Secretary leads the 2834: 2814: 2792: 2768: 2741:Forest Landscape Integrity Index 2489:to the north and northwest, and 2239:Soviet collapse in December 1991 2233:in Geneva, Switzerland, May 1998 2126: 2107: 2093:Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces 2085: 1116:. It has one of the world's few 730: 729: 687: 686: 668: 667: 601:90.7/km (234.9/sq mi) ( 582: 567: 430:from Spain and the United States 124: 74: 60: 20120:Association of Caribbean States 19979:Latin America and the Caribbean 19697: 18312:Ramazani, Rouhollah K. (1975). 17549: 15105:from the original on 9 May 2013 15096:United States Geological Survey 14361:David Einhorn (31 March 2006). 14335:. CIA Fact Book. Archived from 14305:Calzon, Frank (13 March 2005). 14187:"Human Development Index (HDI)" 13965:. The Economist. 20 July 2013. 13525:from the original on 9 May 2013 13446:"Military Size By Country 2021" 13364:from the original on 2 May 2019 12957:William Kelly (29 March 2022). 10839:Smith, Lydia (4 January 2018). 9762:. 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(2002). 7658:The William and Mary Quarterly 7492:Byrne, Joseph Patrick (2008). 6085: 6059: 6023: 5993: 5941: 5915: 5504: 5495: 5468:Index of Cuba-related articles 5390:. Cuba is a dominant force in 5205:. Havana was the heart of the 4930:in Havana, photo taken in 1997 4754:University of Santiago de Cuba 4480:emigrated to the United States 4394: 3969:According to the 2018 Estimate 3670:Multidimensional Poverty Index 3448:Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 3352:overthrow of government." The 3255:in Paris, France, 22 June 2023 3155:Cuban medical internationalism 2052:guerrilla activities in Africa 1985:In March 1960, U.S. President 1735:Partido Independiente de Color 1283:were forced to work under the 1: 19832:Swedish Caribbean (1784–1878) 19807:British Caribbean (1586–1834) 19791:Spanish Caribbean (1492–1898) 18650: 18272:University of Minnesota Press 17986:Feinsilver, Julie M. (1989). 16615:. 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Raúl Castro remained the 1467:19th century view of Havana 1438:in Cuba unloading ice from 1194:-speaking ancestors of the 1049:, in which the role of the 1010:and the United States, and 443:Declaration of Independence 97:Patria o Muerte, Venceremos 10: 22330: 22244:Countries in the Caribbean 22239:Countries in North America 20599:San Andrés and Providencia 20441:Countries and dependencies 20176:Caribbean Development Bank 19853:Caribbean Court of Justice 19158:Territorial Troops Militia 18295:Cambridge University Press 18193:Cambridge University Press 17844:Cuba: Order and Revolution 17639:. Silver Spring, MD: 16954:. Cepec.cu. Archived from 16405:. NYU Press. p. 171. 16197:Global Religious Landscape 15912:"US Census Press Releases" 15131:. U.S. Geological Survey. 15060:International Trade Center 12162:. Reuters. 19 April 2021. 11408:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 10373:"Cuba's Long Black Spring" 9893:Marcella, Gabriel (1977). 9521:; Gilbert, Joseph (eds.). 9096:Greenwood Publishing Group 7170:Quaternary Science Reviews 7125:10.1038/s41586-020-03053-2 7022:(in Spanish). 5 April 2023 6649:"Press Freedom Index 2008" 6629:"Press Freedom Index 2015" 6451:Cambridge University Press 5803:Battle of Santiago de Cuba 5363: 5306: 5302: 5269: 5217: 5108: 5072:movement. Writers such as 5034: 5001:Antonio Quintana Simonetti 4915: 4889: 4885: 4763: 4687: 4580: 4526: 4448: 4401:French immigration to Cuba 4398: 4034: 3997: 3956: 3946: 3916: 3905: 3821: 3817: 3587: 3581: 3577: 3517: 3511: 3494:Revolutionary Armed Forces 3470: 3464: 3417: 3319: 3152: 3146: 3023: 2757: 2737:Greater Antilles mangroves 2613:capital had been flooded. 2574: 2570: 2430: 2419:, and strict criteria for 1661: 1631:and United States Senator 1277:San Cristobal de la Habana 1269:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar 1253:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar 1214: 1169: 1165: 18: 22142: 22081: 22034: 21989: 21928: 21840: 21824: 21778: 21762: 21755: 21698: 21649: 21510: 21442: 21367: 21274: 21243: 21157: 21146: 21075: 21054: 20885: 20822: 20801: 20760: 20734: 20703: 20687: 20678: 20667: 20586: 20460: 20451: 20378: 20340: 20331: 20256: 20247: 20228:in the Danish West Indies 20156: 20147: 20105: 20096: 19997: 19917: 19913: 19904: 19840: 19783: 19774: 19733: 19728:Links to related articles 19682: 19617: 19519: 19510: 19321: 19312: 19231: 19222: 19188: 19172: 19130: 19014: 19010: 19001: 18949: 18940: 18882: 18869:Fidel's transfer of power 18821: 18770:Cuban War of Independence 18728: 18161:Gleijeses, Piero (2002). 18138:10.1017/s0022216x96004646 18101:10.1017/s0022216x00012670 18005:10.1017/S0023879100022810 17371:Reporters Without Borders 17002:Rob Quinn (12 May 2015). 16912:World Health Organization 16876:World Health Organisation 16784:Cuba: A Different America 16062:"Cuba Migration Profiles" 15988:"Visa Lottery for Cubans" 15305:Current Issues in Tourism 15124:Ivette E. Torres (1997). 13769:. BBC News. 5 July 2010. 13740:Reporters without Borders 13519:"Emergency Phone Numbers" 13502:"2024 Global Peace Index" 13450:worldpopulationreview.com 13330:. Reuters. 31 July 2021. 13171:10.1163/9789004501201_009 12544:10.1017/s0022216x0133626x 12257:Eritrean Liberation Front 11541:Cederlöf, Gustav (2023). 11469:10.1007/s10668-012-9338-8 11116:. Reuters. Archived from 9278:. ABC-CLIO. p. 262. 8760:Suchlicki, Jaime (2002). 8636:Cuba: A Different America 8495:University of Texas Press 8255:– via Google Books. 7498:. 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Raúl Castro retired as 830: 818: 806: 782: 764: 749: 719: 699: 680: 661: 647: 637: 627: 609: 595: 576: 561: 554: 544: 530: 523: 519: 506: 493: 479: 465: 452: 439: 435: 427: 417: 413: 396: 379: 362: 343: 339: 322: 310: 275: 241: 215: 205: 161: 156:Cuba, shown in dark green 149: 106: 90: 56: 34: 20833:North America portal 20793:Turks and Caicos Islands 18663:templates for discussion 18568:Rowman & Littlefield 18493:Harvard University Press 18335:. Gainesville, FL: 18289:Pedraza, Silvia (2007). 18270:. Minneapolis, MN: 17871:Harvard University Press 17577:10.1136/bmj.333.7566.464 16941:Retrieved 28 April 2015. 16906:28 December 2016 at the 16763:Global Voices en Español 16593:. BBC News. 25 July 2007 16571:. NBC News. 25 July 2007 14927:. BBC. 7 February 2021. 14764:4 September 2017 at the 13521:. Whatlatinamerica.com. 12036:5 September 2022 at the 11296:Jaime Suchlicki (2001). 10712:28 November 2016 at the 10503:. 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(2006). 7527:27 November 2016 at the 7403:LatinAmericanStudies.org 7372:Houghton Mifflin Company 5824:Mexico and South America 5667:slavery in Latin America 5633:Viceroyalty of New Spain 5488: 5265: 5213: 5104: 5060:Everyone Dreamed of Cuba 4746:Universidad de la Habana 4517:1994 Cuban rafter crisis 4490:fall of the Soviet Union 4464:North Hudson, New Jersey 4366:, Bantu people from the 3532:Cuban dissident movement 3498:Intelligence Directorate 3020:Administrative divisions 2926:The headquarters of the 2860:countries following the 2656:(707), fungi, including 2133:Cuban artillery crew in 1600:reconcentration policies 1580:Manifesto of Montecristi 1361:alliance with the French 1344:; as well as 450,000 in 1243:John, Prince of Asturias 883:(Mexico), south of both 22259:Former Spanish colonies 21425:North Korea (1947–1948) 21420:North Korea (1946–1947) 20726:St. Pierre and Miquelon 19974:Caribbean South America 18682:Wikimedia Atlas of Cuba 18389:. Pittsburgh, PA: 17391:. EFE. 26 February 2020 17323:. MIT Technology Review 17268:Cuban music from A to Z 17227:Daniel, Yvonne (1995). 16930:10 October 2016 at the 15675:. Lonely Planet. 1997. 15246:"Background Note: Cuba" 12349:"Resistencia 1916–1966" 11763:The Journal of Politics 11626:"Cuba 1976 (rev. 2002)" 11600:"Country profile: Cuba" 10610:7 December 2016 at the 9580:7 December 2016 at the 9523:A Century of Revolution 9429:Ros (2006) pp. 159–201. 8310:The American Battleship 7046:Encyclopedia Britannica 6713:Oxford University Press 6389:Encyclopædia Britannica 5258:originated in Cuba and 5250:Ballet Nacional de Cuba 4839:to Cuba for treatment. 4728:institutes, and higher 4717:of 99.8 percent is the 3692:The Heritage Foundation 3666:Human Development Index 3467:Law enforcement in Cuba 3275:stated on 17 April, in 3235:with Russian President 3093: 2886:Communist Party of Cuba 2754:Government and politics 2497:(to the closest tip of 2449:Topographic map of Cuba 2441:List of islands of Cuba 2340:parliamentary elections 1989:gave his approval to a 1939:and launched a general 1877:History Will Absolve Me 1852:Havana baseball stadium 1782:In September 1933, the 1762:Revolution of 1933–1940 1689:, by which Spain ceded 1669:First years (1902–1925) 1036:parliamentary elections 1018:of 1962. Following the 970:of 1898, when Cuba was 672:$ 147.194 billion ( 578:• 2022 census 206:Official languages 21147:Current and historical 20778:British Virgin Islands 20115:Afro-Caribbean leftism 19989:Western Caribbean zone 19278:International rankings 19115:Prime Minister of Cuba 19110:Vice President of Cuba 18241:Horowitz, Irving Louis 18033:. New Haven, CT: 17869:. Cambridge, MA: 17846:. Cambridge, MA: 17673:Alvarez, José (2004). 17629:Alvarez, José (2001). 17020:Retrieved 14 May 2015. 16993:Retrieved 18 May 2015. 16811:Lundy, Karen Saucier. 14450:. CNN. 17 April 2008. 9813:. pp. 8, 49, 94. 9811:Rosen Publishing Group 8843:Transaction Publishers 8315:MBI Publishing Company 8297:Morison, Samuel Loring 7547:Davidson, James West. 6634:27 August 2015 at the 6255:"Basic Data Selection" 6031:"Constitution of Cuba" 5951:. Government of Cuba. 5607: 5322: 5317:A traditional meal of 5281: 4931: 4901: 4775: 4719:tenth-highest globally 4702: 4633:Evangelical Protestant 4595: 4471: 4303: 4232:2012 Cuban census data 3949:List of cities in Cuba 3854: 3848: 3837: 3793:Sherritt International 3765:convertible Cuban peso 3760: 3732: 3709: 3611: 3548: 3489: 3371: 3267:, better known as the 3256: 3240: 3175: 3043: 3030:Municipalities of Cuba 2935:People's Supreme Court 2930: 2842:Esteban Lazo Hernández 2634: 2586: 2541: 2450: 2319: 2267:president of Venezuela 2241:(known in Cuba as the 2234: 2150:Cuban troops in Angola 2114:A Cuban-manned Soviet 2034: 1970: 1911: 1859: 1818:German submarine 1779: 1714:, the U.S. leased the 1687:Treaty of Paris (1898) 1678: 1619: 1602: 1542: 1505: 1502:Father of the Homeland 1489:Independence movements 1473: 1468: 1454:Aponte Slave Rebellion 1449: 1403: 1332: 1260: 984:1952 Cuban coup d'état 407:Esteban Lazo Hernández 216:Other spoken languages 112: 95: 40: 23:. For other uses, see 22121:Saint Kitts and Nevis 22022:Sirimavo Bandaranaike 20623:Caribbean Netherlands 20558:Saint Kitts and Nevis 20075:Dependent territories 19892:Territorial evolution 18646:International Futures 18593:The Macmillan Company 18591:. New York, NY: 18331:Roy, Joaquín (2000). 18293:. New York, NY: 18223:Yale University Press 18035:Yale University Press 18029:Gebru Tareke (2009). 17812:Corbett, Ben (2002). 17776:Duke University Press 17684:University of Florida 17176:Moore, Robin (1997). 17009:23 April 2016 at the 15851:Powell, John (2005). 14704:. Semanarioaqui.com. 13097:"Cuban Democracy Act" 12495:Misión Barrio Adentro 11388:Nature Communications 11342:10.1093/biosci/bix014 11120:on 10 September 2017. 11055:. 26 September 2022. 9909:U.S. Army War College 9539:10.1215/9780822392859 9527:Duke University Press 9474:Amnesty International 9327:John Wiley & Sons 8301:Morison, Samuel Eliot 8125:Arias, David (2005). 7803:. p. 320 pages. 6038:constituteproject.org 5677:in the United States. 5406:that competes in the 5316: 5279: 5068:was important in the 4928:Castillo del Príncipe 4925: 4899: 4820:Import and export of 4815:Preventative medicine 4788:universal health care 4773: 4697: 4669:, and members of the 4590: 4466:, is home to a large 4462: 4297: 4152:Victoria de Las Tunas 3843: 3831: 3754: 3727: 3707: 3609: 3588:Further information: 3539: 3480: 3366: 3246: 3231: 3162: 3041: 2988:military dictatorship 2925: 2890:democratic centralism 2624: 2584: 2537: 2529:Canarreos Archipelago 2517:Colorados Archipelago 2448: 2310: 2228: 2101:Battle of Quifangondo 2072:Mengistu Haile Mariam 2056:revolution in Bolivia 2028: 1964: 1956:Amnesty International 1898: 1885:Battle of Santa Clara 1842: 1796:Ramón Grau San Martín 1769: 1727:Charles Edward Magoon 1676: 1597: 1533: 1496: 1466: 1434: 1397: 1324: 1251: 1158:), or 'great place' ( 1131:universal health care 1093:during the Cold War. 992:26th of July Movement 546:• Water (%) 25:Cuba (disambiguation) 21692:Non-Aligned Movement 21652:History of socialism 20655:Federal Dependencies 20080:World Heritage Sites 19481:Association Football 19466:Scouting and Guiding 19258:Dual economy of Cuba 19029:Council of Ministers 18989:World Heritage Sites 18844:Cuban Missile Crisis 18839:Bay of Pigs Invasion 18783:Spanish–American War 18195:. pp. 327–348. 18058:Journal of Democracy 17966:The Wilson Quarterly 17643:. pp. 305–322. 17449:"Digital 2021: Cuba" 17266:Orovio, Helio 2004. 16882:on 14 September 2014 16550:8 April 2016 at the 15488:"Cuba: Major Cities" 15442:on 26 September 2007 14841:. 11 December 2020. 14239:"Rank Order Exports" 13631:Laursen, F. (2009). 13551:. 22 November 2022. 13025:. 22 November 2022. 12993:dialogo-americas.com 12095:. 25 February 2013. 11948:1 March 2007 at the 11141:. 9 September 2017. 10731:10 July 2017 at the 10643:Henken, Ted (2013). 10629:2 April 2016 at the 10583:4 March 2016 at the 10309:10.1503/cmaj.1080068 10073:. 30 November 2016. 9997:, pp. 1003–1035 9614:. pp. 123–125. 9476:Publications. 1989. 9446:on 22 February 2007. 9407:. 22 December 2016. 9319:(23 November 2010). 8421:. 10 December 1898. 8223:(27 February 2013). 7770:Ferrer, Ada (2014). 7745:Ferrer, Ada (2014). 7457:W.W. Norton & Co 7283:Henken, Ted (2008). 7082:on 19 February 2009. 6707:Modern Latin America 6453:. pp. 361–363. 5929:on 26 September 2018 5807:Spanish–American War 5483:The Cuba Libre Story 5291:that operates in a " 5086:Pedro Juan Gutiérrez 4918:Architecture of Cuba 4860:World Food Programme 4822:pharmaceutical drugs 4748:(1680th worldwide), 4707:University of Havana 4699:University of Havana 4553:by practitioners of 4549:, is also used as a 4429:, Italian, Russian, 3923:Demographics of Cuba 3808:US Geological Survey 3777:coronavirus pandemic 3590:Dual economy of Cuba 3514:Human rights in Cuba 3172:Non-Aligned Movement 3170:at a meeting of the 2983:Freedom in the World 2822:Salvador Valdés Mesa 2705:Hedychium coronarium 2637:Cuba signed the Rio 2525:Jardines de la Reina 2364:under the banner of 2299:On 3 June 2009, the 2288:elected his brother 2275:president of Bolivia 2195:Soviet combat troops 2095:(FAR) commanders in 2019:Operation Northwoods 2011:Cuban Missile Crisis 1995:Bay of Pigs Invasion 1987:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1941:popular insurrection 1829:Carlos Prío Socarrás 1803:Constitution of 1940 1747:prostitution in Cuba 1683:Spanish–American War 1658:Republic (1902–1959) 1642:The U.S. battleship 1458:free people of color 1409:1763 Treaty of Paris 1231:Christopher Columbus 1229:on 12 October 1492, 1136:World Food Programme 1102:Non-Aligned Movement 1053:is enshrined in the 1016:Cuban Missile Crisis 968:Spanish–American War 948:Spanish colonization 784:• Summer ( 563:• 2023 estimate 510:Current constitution 374:Salvador Valdés Mesa 22309:Spanish West Indies 22176: / 22091:Antigua and Barbuda 21588:Estonia (1918–1919) 21482:Hungary (1949–1989) 20573:Trinidad and Tobago 20468:Antigua and Barbuda 20323:Television stations 20125:Caribbean Community 18834:Escambray rebellion 18217:Cuba: A New History 18165:. Chapel Hill, NC: 17950:on 24 December 2021 17899:University of Miami 17840:Domínguez, Jorge I. 17774:. Durham, NC: 17660:on 24 December 2021 17253:Urfé, Odilio 1965. 16989:The Huffington Post 16558:. 22 December 2009. 16346:The Washington Post 16231:The Washington Post 16206:on 9 September 2013 16169:"Languages of Cuba" 16000:. 13 October 1994. 15853:"Cuban immigration" 15759:on 25 November 2006 15651:on 30 November 2016 14728:"New Cuban Economy" 13707:Seven Stories Press 13612:on 5 September 2009 13606:"EU-Cuba relations" 13247:. 7 November 2019. 12963:The Washington Post 12809:The Washington Post 12580:on 30 November 2009 12355:on 26 November 2013 12259:in 1968 during the 11461:2012EDSus..14..573C 11400:2020NatCo..11.5978G 10160:on 22 January 2017. 10071:amp.theguardian.com 9655:Infobase Publishing 9188:college.cengage.com 9088:Olson, James Stuart 8313:. St. Paul, Minn.: 8217:McPherson, James M. 8133:Trafford Publishing 7518:J. N. Hays (2005). 7182:2020QSRv..24906597O 7117:2021Natur.590..103F 6883:The Washington Post 6874:(1 December 2016). 6697:Skidmore, Thomas E. 5861:Escambray rebellion 5839:Dominican Republic 5813:on 24 June, and at 4678:Jorge Armando Pérez 4551:liturgical language 4374:and Arará from the 4309:University of Miami 3832:Historic Centre of 3699:agricultural system 3557:political prisoners 3520:LGBT rights in Cuba 3354:UN General Assembly 3345:Cuban Democracy Act 3281:Bush Administration 3277:Trinidad and Tobago 3131:Isla de la Juventud 2800:Manuel Marrero Cruz 2721:Cuban moist forests 2664:(1440). The native 2565:Isla de la Juventud 2550:17th-largest island 2437:Environment of Cuba 2389:surrogate pregnancy 2314:and U.S. President 2256:spontaneous protest 2207:U.S. forces invaded 1976:Agrarian Reform Law 1949:Manuel Urrutia Lleó 1835:Coup d'état of 1952 1723:Tomás Estrada Palma 1625:concentration camps 1525:indentured servants 1297:infectious diseases 1263:In 1511, the first 1217:Governorate of Cuba 1071:multiethnic country 966:in 1886, until the 917:third-most populous 857:Isla de la Juventud 456:War of Independence 390:Manuel Marrero Cruz 186: / 120:("The Bayamo Song") 21976:Gamal Abdel Nasser 21850:Bandung Conference 21810:News Agencies Pool 21553:Byelorussia (1919) 20508:Dominican Republic 20040:Metropolitan areas 19984:Southern Caribbean 19959:Caribbean Lowlands 19880:Influx of diseases 19283:Telecommunications 19148:Revolutionary Navy 19143:Revolutionary Army 19024:Corruption in Cuba 18750:Colonial governors 18631:The World Factbook 18070:10.1353/jod.0.0051 17451:. 11 February 2021 17367:"Internet in Cuba" 17119:The New York Times 16983:3 May 2016 at the 16861:, pp. 16, 81. 16500:on 21 January 2012 16321:on 15 January 2016 15993:The New York Times 15962:Human Rights Watch 15831:data.worldbank.org 15708:on 3 November 2014 15550:on 21 August 2013. 15498:on 22 October 2021 15468:on 13 January 2009 15416:on 21 October 2012 15358:on 17 October 2013 15234:on 22 August 2006. 15066:on 9 November 2013 14649:The New York Times 14557:Community Alliance 14532:on 12 October 2017 14280:The World Factbook 14243:The World Factbook 14081:. New York Times. 14079:The New York Times 13697:Human Rights Watch 13422:. 15 August 2006. 13302:chicagotribune.com 12995:. 6 January 2023. 12924:The New York Times 12840:The New York Times 12751:The New York Times 12720:The New York Times 12689:The New York Times 12658:The New York Times 12126:The New York Times 11877:10.1111/laps.12017 11716:10.1111/laps.12017 11516:on 17 January 2013 11139:The New York Times 11114:The Globe and Mail 10961:www.proceso.com.mx 10735:, 11 November 2012 9657:. pp. 43–44. 9367:The New York Times 9329:. pp. 37–38. 9098:. pp. 67–68. 8414:The Avalon Project 7848:Herbert S. Klein, 6257:. United Nations. 6150:The World Factbook 6007:. 6 October 2021. 5949:"National symbols" 5923:"Cuban Peso Bills" 5412:Jose R. Capablanca 5349:moros y cristianos 5331:Caribbean cuisines 5323: 5282: 5272:Mass media in Cuba 5048:Dulce María Loynaz 4932: 4902: 4873:Tarea Ordenamiento 4776: 4766:Healthcare in Cuba 4703: 4596: 4472: 4304: 4223:Ethnoracial groups 3933:Western Hemisphere 3849: 3838: 3761: 3733: 3728:Tobacco fields in 3718:The New York Times 3716:On 2 August 2011, 3710: 3672:of 0.003 in 2023. 3658:CIA World Factbook 3612: 3549: 3528:Censorship in Cuba 3490: 3455:Global Peace Index 3372: 3257: 3241: 3212:Dominican Republic 3176: 3044: 2931: 2866:socialist republic 2733:Cuban cactus scrub 2731:, Cuban wetlands, 2729:Cuban pine forests 2635: 2587: 2542: 2487:Straits of Florida 2451: 2374:Latin Grammy Award 2320: 2235: 2060:Soviet-backed wars 2035: 1971: 1926:July 26th Movement 1912: 1906:, photographed by 1860: 1786:, led by Sergeant 1780: 1705:and Cuba became a 1679: 1603: 1589:Battle of Dos Rios 1543: 1518:Dominican Republic 1506: 1469: 1450: 1421:Haitian Revolution 1404: 1398:A painting of the 1373:Havana under siege 1363:pitched them into 1333: 1316:American Southeast 1265:Spanish settlement 1261: 929:Dominican Republic 901:Dominican Republic 657:2022 estimate 623:2015 estimate 428:Independence 334:socialist republic 243:Ethnic groups 22180:22.000°N 80.000°W 22159: 22158: 22153: 22152: 22041: 22040: 22030: 22029: 21997:Houari Boumediene 21658: 21657: 21645: 21644: 21641: 21640: 21438: 21437: 21180:Congo-Brazzaville 21076:Regional variants 20844: 20843: 20840: 20839: 20711:Clipperton Island 20665: 20664: 20407: 20406: 20374: 20373: 20370: 20369: 20243: 20242: 20143: 20142: 20092: 20091: 20088: 20087: 19900: 19899: 19858:Indigenous people 19720: 19719: 19678: 19677: 19674: 19673: 19506: 19505: 19308: 19307: 19218: 19217: 19214: 19213: 19098:President of Cuba 19076:Political parties 19059:Human trafficking 19044:Foreign relations 18997: 18996: 18936: 18935: 18890:History of Havana 18577:978-0-7425-5994-3 18554:978-1-84792-197-0 18528:978-0-306-80827-2 18502:978-0-674-01612-5 18459:978-0-9649082-7-7 18400:978-0-8229-5735-5 18383:Scott, Rebecca J. 18365:978-1-57488-449-4 18346:978-0-8130-1760-0 18323:978-90-286-0069-0 18304:978-0-521-86787-0 18281:978-0-8166-1216-1 18254:978-0-88738-672-5 18232:978-0-300-10411-0 18221:. New Haven, CT: 18202:978-0-521-83720-0 18176:978-0-8078-2647-8 18044:978-0-300-14163-4 17940:978-0-9649082-8-4 17908:978-1-932385-04-5 17880:978-0-674-89325-2 17857:978-0-674-17925-7 17831:978-0-8133-3826-2 17785:978-0-8223-3197-1 17755:978-0-7969-2153-6 17715:978-0-9649082-7-7 17650:978-0-9649082-0-8 17306:978-0-7864-9325-8 17293:John, S. (2012). 17208:. 6 December 2012 17187:978-0-8229-5645-7 16914:. September 2014. 16838:978-1-55587-874-0 16526:. 7 November 2010 16471:on 10 August 2011 16412:978-0-8147-2250-3 16376:. The Telegraph. 16108:978-0-253-21114-9 15492:citypopulation.de 15311:(15): 1797–1804. 14587:Los Angeles Times 14249:on 19 August 2016 13805:on 9 October 2007 13720:978-1-58322-774-9 13644:978-90-5201-554-5 12606:on 30 August 2009 12528:by Joaquín Roy". 12249:Gebru Tareke 2009 11929:978-0-9704916-2-6 11556:978-0-520-39313-4 11309:978-0-8108-3779-9 11195:"List of Parties" 10881:. 16 April 2021. 10587:16 October 2012 | 10559:on 21 August 2013 10533:on 21 August 2013 10348:on 14 March 2016. 10252:978-0-521-62327-8 9820:978-1-72534-219-4 9769:978-0-471-67022-3 9701:978-1-4578-2290-2 9664:978-1-4381-0497-3 9621:978-0-8078-4204-1 9336:978-1-4443-2956-8 9285:978-0-313-08083-8 9154:978-0-7425-3739-2 8973:on 25 August 2008 8919:978-0-521-43682-3 8852:978-1-4128-4656-1 8777:978-1-57488-436-4 8731:978-1-85743-121-6 8697:978-0-8135-3701-6 8679:Fulgencio Batista 8650:978-0-8476-7694-1 8607:978-1-4685-9430-0 8559:978-0-8240-5624-7 8532:, pp. 283–7. 8504:978-0-292-71321-5 8461:978-0-8229-7197-9 8373:on 12 March 2016. 8324:978-0-7603-0989-6 8211:Murrin, John M.; 8185:978-0-419-20230-1 8142:978-1-4120-4717-3 8096:978-1-57607-344-5 8017:historyofcuba.com 7924:Caribbean Studies 7810:978-0-8078-5772-4 7702:. "Chapter One". 7613:. 25 April 2023. 7505:978-0-313-34102-1 7466:978-0-393-03891-0 7447:Diamond, Jared M. 7381:978-0-618-37040-5 7336:978-1-110-28818-2 7304:978-1-85109-984-9 7269:978-1-68340-002-8 7234:978-0-19-060524-7 7111:(7844): 103–110. 7076:alfredcarrada.org 6949:on 21 August 2013 6726:978-0-19-517013-9 6690:978-0-15-148795-0 6603:. 11 March 2016. 6570:978-0-19-022863-7 6460:978-1-139-49148-8 6320:. 13 March 2024. 6153:(2024 ed.). 5874:Angolan Civil War 5608:República de Cuba 5396:Rances Barthelemy 5386:, basketball and 5342:(shredded beef), 5160:de nuevo ritmo", 5094:Guillermo Rosales 4752:(2893rd) and the 4740:According to the 4701:, founded in 1728 4690:Education in Cuba 4617:Roman Catholicism 4539:Caribbean Spanish 4537:and is a form of 4290: 4289: 4219: 4218: 3908:Transport in Cuba 3648:According to the 3594:Rationing in Cuba 3543:demonstration in 3349:Lester D. Mallory 3329:Dwight Eisenhower 3306:Miguel Diaz-Canel 3263:, brought in the 3249:Miguel Díaz-Canel 3188:Angolan Civil War 3143:Foreign relations 3140: 3139: 3042:Provinces of Cuba 3026:Provinces of Cuba 3009:Miguel Díaz-Canel 2965:opposition groups 2949:elections in Cuba 2849: 2829: 2807: 2787: 2785:President of Cuba 2776:Miguel Díaz-Canel 2725:Cuban dry forests 2483:Key West, Florida 2473:, and longitudes 2433:Geography of Cuba 2413:heteronormativity 2405:Official policies 2393:same-sex adoption 2385:same-sex marriage 2336:Miguel Díaz-Canel 2286:National Assembly 2068:Angolan Civil War 1873:sugar plantations 1792:Pentarchy of 1933 1788:Fulgencio Batista 1784:Sergeants' Revolt 1776:Fulgencio Batista 1772:Pentarchy of 1933 1731:José Miguel Gómez 1385:Earl of Albemarle 1357:Spanish Caribbean 1293:Indigenous people 1181:Pre-Columbian era 1118:planned economies 1087:enslaved Africans 1032:Miguel Díaz-Canel 988:Fulgencio Batista 936:4th millennium BC 881:Yucatán Peninsula 847:, officially the 842: 841: 713:medium inequality 682:• Per capita 639:• Per capita 633:$ 254.865 billion 357:Miguel Díaz-Canel 190:23.133°N 82.383°W 142: 41:República de Cuba 22321: 22284:One-party states 22269:Island countries 22264:Greater Antilles 22234:Communist states 22191: 22190: 22188: 22187: 22186: 22181: 22177: 22174: 22173: 22172: 22169: 22148: 22068: 22061: 22054: 22045: 22044: 21956:Jawaharlal Nehru 21806:NAM News Network 21760: 21759: 21685: 21678: 21671: 21662: 21661: 21508: 21507: 21365: 21364: 21155: 21154: 21150:socialist states 21029:African-American 20871: 20864: 20857: 20848: 20847: 20831: 20830: 20829: 20685: 20684: 20673: 20458: 20457: 20453:Sovereign states 20434: 20427: 20420: 20411: 20410: 20387: 20338: 20337: 20271:Caribbean people 20254: 20253: 20154: 20153: 20103: 20102: 20070:Sovereign states 20050:Populated places 19950:Windward Islands 19945:Leeward Antilles 19930:Greater Antilles 19915: 19914: 19911: 19910: 19781: 19780: 19760: 19753: 19746: 19737: 19736: 19724: 19723: 19710: 19709: 19700: 19699: 19690: 19689: 19640:Baseball players 19517: 19516: 19323: 19322: 19319: 19318: 19271:Convertible peso 19266: 19229: 19228: 19034:Council of State 19012: 19011: 19008: 19007: 18947: 18946: 18926:Santiago de Cuba 18735: 18734: 18711: 18704: 18697: 18688: 18687: 18680: 18679: 18612: 18596: 18581: 18558: 18537:Westad, Odd Arne 18532: 18506: 18478: 18476: 18474: 18468: 18462:. Archived from 18438: 18427:10.2307/20047491 18404: 18378: 18369: 18350: 18327: 18308: 18285: 18269: 18258: 18236: 18220: 18206: 18180: 18157: 18120: 18081: 18048: 18025: 18007: 17982: 17959: 17957: 17955: 17949: 17943:. Archived from 17919: 17917: 17915: 17896: 17884: 17861: 17835: 17819: 17808: 17789: 17773: 17759: 17734: 17732: 17730: 17724: 17718:. Archived from 17694: 17692: 17690: 17681: 17669: 17667: 17665: 17659: 17653:. Archived from 17625: 17606: 17596: 17544: 17543: 17541: 17539: 17528: 17522: 17521: 17509: 17503: 17502: 17499:sports.yahoo.com 17491: 17485: 17479: 17473: 17467: 17461: 17460: 17458: 17456: 17445: 17436: 17435: 17428: 17422: 17421: 17419: 17417: 17407: 17401: 17400: 17398: 17396: 17385: 17379: 17378: 17377:on 27 July 2011. 17373:. Archived from 17363: 17357: 17356: 17355:on 4 March 2016. 17339: 17333: 17332: 17330: 17328: 17317: 17311: 17310: 17290: 17284: 17277: 17271: 17264: 17258: 17251: 17245: 17244: 17224: 17218: 17217: 17215: 17213: 17198: 17192: 17191: 17173: 17167: 17166: 17164: 17162: 17148: 17142: 17137: 17131: 17130: 17128: 17126: 17109: 17103: 17102: 17100: 17098: 17083: 17077: 17076: 17074: 17072: 17053: 17047: 17046: 17044: 17042: 17027: 17021: 17000: 16994: 16974: 16968: 16967: 16965: 16963: 16948: 16942: 16921: 16915: 16898: 16892: 16891: 16889: 16887: 16868: 16862: 16856: 16850: 16849: 16847: 16845: 16822: 16816: 16809: 16803: 16801: 16793: 16787: 16781: 16775: 16774: 16772: 16770: 16754: 16743: 16742: 16740: 16738: 16723: 16717: 16716: 16714: 16712: 16697: 16691: 16682: 16673: 16672: 16670: 16668: 16663:. United Nations 16662: 16654: 16648: 16647: 16646: 16644: 16631: 16625: 16624: 16622: 16620: 16609: 16603: 16602: 16600: 16598: 16587: 16581: 16580: 16578: 16576: 16565: 16559: 16542: 16536: 16535: 16533: 16531: 16516: 16510: 16509: 16507: 16505: 16490: 16481: 16480: 16478: 16476: 16470: 16464:. Archived from 16463: 16455: 16446: 16445: 16438: 16432: 16431: 16423: 16417: 16416: 16396: 16390: 16389: 16387: 16385: 16371: 16363: 16357: 16356: 16354: 16352: 16337: 16331: 16330: 16328: 16326: 16307: 16301: 16300: 16298: 16296: 16281: 16275: 16269: 16263: 16257: 16251: 16250: 16248: 16246: 16222: 16216: 16215: 16213: 16211: 16205: 16194: 16186: 16180: 16179: 16177: 16175: 16165: 16159: 16158: 16156: 16154: 16143: 16137: 16136: 16134: 16132: 16122: 16116: 16115: 16113:lucumi language. 16096: 16086: 16080: 16079: 16077: 16075: 16066: 16058: 16052: 16051: 16049: 16047: 16041:The Conversation 16032: 16017: 16016: 16014: 16012: 15998:Associated Press 15984: 15978: 15977: 15975: 15973: 15950: 15944: 15934: 15928: 15927: 15925: 15923: 15908: 15902: 15896: 15890: 15884: 15878: 15877: 15875: 15873: 15848: 15842: 15841: 15839: 15837: 15823: 15817: 15816: 15814: 15812: 15801: 15795: 15794: 15792: 15790: 15775: 15769: 15768: 15766: 15764: 15749: 15743: 15742: 15740: 15738: 15724: 15718: 15717: 15715: 15713: 15704:. Archived from 15693: 15687: 15686: 15667: 15661: 15660: 15658: 15656: 15647:. Archived from 15641: 15635: 15634: 15624: 15614: 15589: 15583: 15582: 15580: 15578: 15558: 15552: 15551: 15540: 15534: 15533: 15531: 15529: 15520:. Archived from 15514: 15508: 15507: 15505: 15503: 15494:. Archived from 15484: 15478: 15477: 15475: 15473: 15464:. Archived from 15458: 15452: 15451: 15449: 15447: 15432: 15426: 15425: 15423: 15421: 15415: 15408: 15400: 15394: 15393: 15391: 15389: 15374: 15368: 15367: 15365: 15363: 15354:. Archived from 15343: 15337: 15336: 15300: 15294: 15293: 15291: 15289: 15283: 15276: 15268: 15262: 15261: 15259: 15257: 15242: 15236: 15235: 15233: 15218: 15209: 15203: 15197: 15191: 15185: 15179: 15178: 15176: 15174: 15154: 15148: 15147: 15145: 15143: 15137: 15130: 15121: 15115: 15114: 15112: 15110: 15104: 15093: 15085: 15076: 15075: 15073: 15071: 15062:. Archived from 15052: 15046: 15045: 15043: 15041: 15026: 15020: 15019: 15017: 15015: 14999: 14993: 14992: 14990: 14988: 14973: 14967: 14966: 14964: 14962: 14947: 14941: 14940: 14938: 14936: 14921: 14915: 14914: 14912: 14910: 14890: 14884: 14883: 14881: 14879: 14864: 14855: 14854: 14852: 14850: 14831: 14825: 14824: 14822: 14820: 14811:. NBC News. AP. 14805: 14799: 14798: 14792: 14790: 14775: 14769: 14756: 14750: 14749: 14747: 14745: 14739: 14733:. Archived from 14732: 14724: 14718: 14717: 14715: 14713: 14697: 14691: 14690: 14688: 14686: 14671: 14665: 14664: 14662: 14660: 14640: 14634: 14633: 14631: 14629: 14609: 14603: 14602: 14600: 14598: 14589:. 20 June 2017. 14579: 14573: 14572: 14570: 14568: 14548: 14542: 14541: 14539: 14537: 14522: 14516: 14515: 14513: 14511: 14506:on 23 April 2013 14496: 14490: 14489: 14487: 14485: 14470: 14464: 14463: 14461: 14459: 14444: 14438: 14437: 14435: 14433: 14413: 14407: 14406: 14404: 14402: 14396: 14389: 14381: 14375: 14374: 14372: 14370: 14358: 14349: 14348: 14346: 14344: 14329: 14323: 14322: 14320: 14318: 14302: 14296: 14295: 14293: 14291: 14272: 14259: 14258: 14256: 14254: 14235: 14229: 14228: 14226: 14224: 14209: 14203: 14202: 14200: 14198: 14183: 14177: 14176: 14174: 14172: 14157: 14151: 14150: 14148: 14146: 14131: 14125: 14124: 14122: 14120: 14101: 14095: 14094: 14092: 14090: 14070: 14061: 14060: 14058: 14056: 14037: 14031: 14030: 14028: 14026: 14011: 14005: 14004: 14002: 14000: 13985: 13979: 13978: 13976: 13974: 13959: 13950: 13949: 13947: 13945: 13930: 13924: 13923: 13921: 13919: 13903: 13897: 13896: 13878: 13872: 13871: 13869: 13867: 13851: 13845: 13844: 13842: 13840: 13821: 13815: 13814: 13812: 13810: 13804: 13797: 13789: 13783: 13782: 13780: 13778: 13763: 13757: 13756: 13754: 13752: 13731: 13725: 13724: 13693: 13687: 13686: 13684: 13682: 13667: 13661: 13660: 13658: 13656: 13628: 13622: 13621: 13619: 13617: 13602: 13596: 13595: 13593: 13591: 13571: 13565: 13564: 13562: 13560: 13541: 13535: 13534: 13532: 13530: 13515: 13509: 13508: 13506: 13498: 13492: 13491: 13489: 13487: 13472: 13466: 13465: 13463: 13461: 13442: 13436: 13435: 13433: 13431: 13412: 13406: 13405: 13403: 13401: 13396:on 24 March 2009 13395: 13389:. Archived from 13388: 13380: 13374: 13373: 13371: 13369: 13350: 13344: 13343: 13341: 13339: 13324: 13318: 13317: 13315: 13313: 13308:on 22 April 2019 13304:. Archived from 13296:Lederman, Josh. 13293: 13287: 13286: 13284: 13282: 13267: 13261: 13260: 13258: 13256: 13237: 13231: 13230: 13228: 13226: 13211: 13205: 13204: 13202: 13200: 13162:Sanctions at War 13156: 13150: 13149: 13143: 13141: 13132:. 6 April 1960. 13119: 13113: 13112: 13110: 13108: 13093: 13087: 13086: 13084: 13082: 13062: 13039: 13038: 13036: 13034: 13015: 13009: 13008: 13006: 13004: 12985: 12979: 12978: 12976: 12974: 12954: 12948: 12947: 12945: 12943: 12915: 12909: 12908: 12906: 12904: 12889: 12883: 12882: 12880: 12878: 12862: 12856: 12855: 12853: 12851: 12831: 12825: 12824: 12822: 12820: 12800: 12794: 12793: 12791: 12789: 12773: 12767: 12766: 12764: 12762: 12742: 12736: 12735: 12733: 12731: 12711: 12705: 12704: 12702: 12700: 12680: 12674: 12673: 12671: 12669: 12649: 12643: 12642: 12640: 12638: 12622: 12616: 12615: 12613: 12611: 12596: 12590: 12589: 12587: 12585: 12570: 12564: 12563: 12521: 12515: 12509: 12503: 12489: 12487: 12485: 12465: 12459: 12458: 12456: 12454: 12434: 12428: 12427: 12425: 12423: 12414:. Archived from 12403: 12397: 12396: 12394: 12392: 12386: 12379: 12371: 12365: 12364: 12362: 12360: 12345: 12339: 12338: 12334: 12328: 12318: 12312: 12302: 12296: 12294: 12282: 12276: 12270: 12264: 12246: 12240: 12230: 12224: 12218: 12212: 12206: 12200: 12194: 12188: 12182: 12176: 12175: 12173: 12171: 12156: 12150: 12149: 12147: 12145: 12123: 12115: 12109: 12108: 12106: 12104: 12085: 12079: 12078: 12076: 12074: 12069:on 26 March 2009 12068: 12062:. Archived from 12061: 12053: 12047: 12027: 12021: 12020: 12018: 12016: 12010: 11997: 11989: 11983: 11982: 11980: 11978: 11959: 11953: 11940: 11934: 11933: 11915: 11909: 11908: 11906: 11904: 11856: 11850: 11849: 11824:(7): 1550–1572. 11813: 11807: 11806: 11804: 11802: 11754: 11748: 11747: 11745: 11743: 11695: 11689: 11688: 11663:(7): 1278–1298. 11652: 11646: 11645: 11643: 11641: 11622: 11616: 11615: 11613: 11611: 11596: 11590: 11589: 11584: 11582: 11567: 11561: 11560: 11538: 11532: 11525: 11523: 11521: 11515: 11508: 11500: 11481: 11480: 11444: 11438: 11437: 11427: 11378: 11372: 11371: 11361: 11320: 11314: 11313: 11293: 11287: 11286: 11284: 11282: 11276: 11265: 11257: 11251: 11250: 11248: 11246: 11240: 11229: 11221: 11215: 11214: 11212: 11210: 11191: 11185: 11184: 11182: 11180: 11164: 11155: 11154: 11152: 11150: 11131: 11122: 11121: 11105: 11099: 11098: 11096: 11094: 11075: 11069: 11068: 11066: 11064: 11045: 11039: 11038: 11036: 11034: 11014: 11008: 11007: 11005: 11003: 10983: 10977: 10976: 10974: 10972: 10963:. 11 July 2021. 10953: 10947: 10946: 10944: 10942: 10927: 10921: 10920: 10918: 10916: 10901: 10895: 10894: 10892: 10890: 10869: 10863: 10862: 10860: 10858: 10836: 10827: 10826: 10824: 10822: 10802: 10796: 10795: 10790: 10788: 10773: 10767: 10766: 10764: 10762: 10742: 10736: 10723: 10717: 10704: 10698: 10697: 10695: 10693: 10684:. Archived from 10673: 10667: 10666: 10640: 10634: 10621: 10615: 10598: 10592: 10575: 10569: 10568: 10566: 10564: 10549: 10543: 10542: 10540: 10538: 10523: 10517: 10516: 10514: 10512: 10493: 10487: 10486: 10484: 10482: 10467: 10461: 10460: 10458: 10456: 10441: 10435: 10434: 10432: 10430: 10419: 10413: 10412: 10410: 10403: 10395: 10389: 10388: 10386: 10384: 10368: 10362: 10356: 10350: 10349: 10344:. Archived from 10337: 10331: 10330: 10320: 10303:(3): 257. 2008. 10289: 10280: 10279: 10263: 10257: 10256: 10236: 10227: 10226: 10224: 10222: 10210:RAND Corporation 10200: 10194: 10193: 10177: 10168: 10162: 10161: 10159: 10153:. Archived from 10152: 10144: 10138: 10137: 10129: 10123: 10122: 10120: 10118: 10096: 10087: 10086: 10084: 10082: 10063: 10057: 10056: 10049: 10043: 10042: 10040: 10038: 10016: 10010: 10004: 9998: 9992: 9969: 9968: 9966: 9964: 9931: 9925: 9924: 9922: 9920: 9890: 9884: 9883: 9876:Faria, Miguel A. 9872: 9866: 9865: 9863: 9861: 9839: 9833: 9832: 9800: 9794: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9753: 9747: 9746: 9744: 9742: 9736: 9730:. October 2011. 9725: 9717: 9706: 9705: 9682: 9676: 9675: 9673: 9671: 9644: 9633: 9632: 9630: 9628: 9602:Rabe, Stephen G. 9598: 9585: 9571: 9565: 9564: 9562: 9560: 9510: 9504: 9503: 9466: 9460: 9454: 9448: 9447: 9442:. Archived from 9436: 9430: 9427: 9421: 9420: 9418: 9416: 9401: 9395: 9389: 9383: 9382: 9380: 9378: 9369:. 24 June 1959. 9359: 9353: 9352: 9350: 9348: 9313: 9302: 9301: 9299: 9297: 9269: 9263: 9262: 9254: 9248: 9242: 9236: 9230: 9224: 9218: 9207: 9206: 9204: 9202: 9196: 9185: 9177: 9171: 9170: 9168: 9166: 9131: 9125: 9116: 9110: 9109: 9084: 9078: 9077: 9075: 9073: 9056:"A Coup in Cuba" 9052: 9046: 9040: 9034: 9025: 9019: 9010: 9004: 9003: 8997:Allen, Thomas B. 8989: 8983: 8982: 8980: 8978: 8961:"Batista's Boot" 8957: 8951: 8945: 8939: 8930: 8924: 8923: 8902: 8891: 8882: 8869: 8868: 8866: 8864: 8832: 8821: 8815: 8809: 8800: 8794: 8793: 8791: 8789: 8757: 8748: 8747: 8745: 8743: 8711: 8702: 8701: 8673: 8667: 8666: 8664: 8662: 8630: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8614: 8587: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8571: 8539: 8533: 8527: 8521: 8520: 8518: 8516: 8484: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8473: 8441: 8435: 8434: 8432: 8430: 8405: 8399: 8393: 8387: 8381: 8375: 8374: 8369:. Archived from 8359: 8353: 8347: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8336: 8293: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8282: 8263: 8257: 8256: 8254: 8252: 8231:Cengage Learning 8213:Johnson, Paul E. 8208: 8202: 8201: 8199: 8197: 8176:Chapman and Hall 8165: 8159: 8158: 8156: 8154: 8122: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8108: 8078: 8065: 8055: 8049: 8039: 8033: 8032: 8030: 8028: 8009: 8003: 7997: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7986: 7967: 7961: 7951: 7945: 7944: 7942: 7940: 7914: 7908: 7902: 7891: 7890: 7879:Foner, Philip S. 7875: 7869: 7859: 7853: 7846: 7840: 7833: 7827: 7821: 7815: 7814: 7792: 7786: 7785: 7767: 7761: 7760: 7742: 7736: 7735: 7714: 7708: 7707: 7696: 7683: 7682: 7653:Herbert S. Klein 7644: 7627: 7626: 7624: 7622: 7603: 7588: 7582: 7576: 7570: 7564: 7558: 7552: 7545: 7539: 7516: 7510: 7509: 7489: 7483: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7455:. New York, NY: 7443: 7437: 7428: 7422: 7421: 7419: 7417: 7411: 7400: 7392: 7386: 7385: 7368:The Human Record 7363: 7357: 7348: 7342: 7340: 7316: 7310: 7308: 7280: 7274: 7273: 7245: 7239: 7238: 7210: 7204: 7203: 7193: 7161: 7155: 7154: 7144: 7095: 7084: 7083: 7078:. Archived from 7068: 7062: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7038: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7012: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6986: 6980: 6973: 6965: 6959: 6958: 6956: 6954: 6938: 6929: 6928: 6926: 6924: 6909: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6895: 6879: 6868: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6850: 6800: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6767: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6737: 6731: 6730: 6710: 6694: 6683:. pp. 3–5. 6669: 6663: 6662: 6661:on 3 March 2009. 6660: 6653: 6645: 6639: 6626: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6593: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6582: 6544: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6533: 6483: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6472: 6441:Levitsky, Steven 6437: 6431: 6430: 6414: 6408: 6407: 6402: 6400: 6391:. 26 June 2017. 6381: 6375: 6374: 6372: 6370: 6355: 6349: 6343: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6326: 6315: 6307: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6296: 6277: 6271: 6270: 6268: 6266: 6251: 6242: 6241: 6239: 6237: 6222: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6201: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6182:on 14 March 2020 6172: 6166: 6165: 6163: 6161: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6130: 6115: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6089: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6078: 6063: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6046: 6035: 6027: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6016: 5997: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5986: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5960: 5945: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5934: 5919: 5903: 5896: 5890: 5883: 5877: 5870: 5864: 5837: 5831: 5799: 5793: 5770: 5764: 5761: 5755: 5752: 5746: 5739: 5733: 5710: 5704: 5693: 5687: 5684: 5678: 5659: 5653: 5642: 5636: 5629: 5623: 5622: 5621: 5620: 5614: 5604: 5598: 5597: 5596: 5595: 5589: 5584: 5577: 5572: 5571: 5570: 5569: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5555: 5552: 5549: 5546: 5537: 5531: 5508: 5502: 5499: 5462: 5457: 5456: 5448: 5446:Caribbean portal 5443: 5442: 5441: 5434: 5429: 5428: 5427: 5242:Santiago de Cuba 5132: 5123: 5066:Alejo Carpentier 5052:José Lezama Lima 5037:Cuban literature 4970:Santiago de Cuba 4592:Havana Cathedral 4583:Religion in Cuba 4346:Chinese ancestry 4229: 4228: 4067:Santiago de Cuba 4062:Santiago de Cuba 4049: 4039: 4015:Santiago de Cuba 4012: 4002: 3966: 3954: 3953: 3868: 3864: 3857: 3813: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3624:market socialism 3427: 3426:US$ 91.8 million 3406:Administration. 3392:re-establishment 3298:medical symptoms 3269:Helms–Burton Act 3247:Cuban President 3121:Santiago de Cuba 3046: 3045: 3014:Cuban revolution 2913:Cuban government 2862:Marxist–Leninist 2845: 2838: 2825: 2818: 2803: 2796: 2779: 2772: 2760:Politics of Cuba 2739:. It had a 2019 2712:in Cuba, is the 2685: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2591:Tropic of Cancer 2501:in the State of 2252: 2248: 2179:War of Attrition 2130: 2111: 2089: 1809:new constitution 1704: 1637:Secretary of War 1633:Redfield Proctor 1622: 1615:Valeriano Weyler 1476: 1448: 1445: 1353:Seven Years' War 1331: 1328: 1312:Hernando de Soto 1235:Kingdom of Spain 1124:is dominated by 996:Cuban Revolution 980:new constitution 903:), and north of 849:Republic of Cuba 797: 773: 740: 739: 733: 732: 726: 715: 714: 706: 690: 689: 671: 670: 654: 620: 587:11,089,511 ( 586: 585: 571: 570: 497:Cuban Revolution 475:10 December 1898 461:24 February 1895 409: 392: 369: 330:Marxist–Leninist 201: 200: 198: 197: 196: 191: 187: 184: 183: 182: 179: 164:and largest city 154: 144: 143: 121: 117: 100: 78: 64: 51: 43: 36:Republic of Cuba 32: 31: 22329: 22328: 22324: 22323: 22322: 22320: 22319: 22318: 22194: 22193: 22185:22.000; -80.000 22184: 22182: 22178: 22175: 22170: 22167: 22165: 22163: 22162: 22160: 22155: 22154: 22149: 22140: 22077: 22072: 22042: 22037: 22026: 21985: 21936:Josip Broz Tito 21924: 21836: 21820: 21774: 21751: 21694: 21689: 21659: 21654: 21637: 21618:Slovakia (1919) 21518:Alsace-Lorraine 21506: 21434: 21363: 21270: 21239: 21148: 21142: 21071: 21050: 20881: 20875: 20845: 20836: 20827: 20825: 20818: 20797: 20756: 20730: 20699: 20674: 20661: 20582: 20447: 20438: 20408: 20403: 20390: 20383: 20366: 20327: 20239: 20206:Stock exchanges 20139: 20084: 19993: 19964:Caribbean Plate 19940:Leeward Islands 19935:Lesser Antilles 19896: 19836: 19770: 19764: 19729: 19721: 19716: 19707: 19670: 19613: 19502: 19446:Public holidays 19436:Musical theater 19304: 19264: 19241:Agrarian reform 19210: 19184: 19173:Law enforcement 19168: 19126: 18993: 18932: 18878: 18854:Mariel boatlift 18822:Post-Revolution 18817: 18788:Platt Amendment 18775:Sinking of USS 18724: 18715: 18677: 18666: 18610: 18604: 18599: 18578: 18555: 18545:The Bodley Head 18529: 18503: 18483:Sweig, Julia E. 18472: 18470: 18469:on 6 April 2023 18466: 18460: 18414:Foreign Affairs 18409:Smith, Wayne S. 18401: 18366: 18347: 18324: 18305: 18282: 18255: 18245:Cuban Communism 18233: 18203: 18177: 18045: 17953: 17951: 17947: 17941: 17913: 17911: 17909: 17894: 17881: 17858: 17832: 17805: 17786: 17756: 17728: 17726: 17725:on 6 April 2023 17722: 17716: 17688: 17686: 17679: 17663: 17661: 17657: 17651: 17622: 17552: 17547: 17537: 17535: 17530: 17529: 17525: 17510: 17506: 17501:. 18 June 2015. 17493: 17492: 17488: 17480: 17476: 17468: 17464: 17454: 17452: 17447: 17446: 17439: 17430: 17429: 17425: 17415: 17413: 17409: 17408: 17404: 17394: 17392: 17387: 17386: 17382: 17365: 17364: 17360: 17341: 17340: 17336: 17326: 17324: 17319: 17318: 17314: 17307: 17291: 17287: 17278: 17274: 17265: 17261: 17252: 17248: 17241: 17225: 17221: 17211: 17209: 17200: 17199: 17195: 17188: 17174: 17170: 17160: 17158: 17152:"Nancy Morejón" 17150: 17149: 17145: 17138: 17134: 17124: 17122: 17110: 17106: 17096: 17094: 17092:theguardian.com 17084: 17080: 17070: 17068: 17055: 17054: 17050: 17040: 17038: 17028: 17024: 17011:Wayback Machine 17001: 16997: 16985:Wayback Machine 16975: 16971: 16961: 16959: 16958:on 20 June 2012 16950: 16949: 16945: 16932:Wayback Machine 16922: 16918: 16908:Wayback Machine 16899: 16895: 16885: 16883: 16870: 16869: 16865: 16857: 16853: 16843: 16841: 16839: 16823: 16819: 16810: 16806: 16799: 16796:Feinsilver 1989 16794: 16790: 16782: 16778: 16768: 16766: 16755: 16746: 16736: 16734: 16724: 16720: 16710: 16708: 16698: 16694: 16683: 16676: 16666: 16664: 16660: 16656: 16655: 16651: 16642: 16640: 16633: 16632: 16628: 16618: 16616: 16611: 16610: 16606: 16596: 16594: 16589: 16588: 16584: 16574: 16572: 16567: 16566: 16562: 16552:Wayback Machine 16543: 16539: 16529: 16527: 16524:The Independent 16518: 16517: 16513: 16503: 16501: 16492: 16491: 16484: 16474: 16472: 16468: 16461: 16457: 16456: 16449: 16440: 16439: 16435: 16424: 16420: 16413: 16397: 16393: 16383: 16381: 16374:telegraph.co.uk 16364: 16360: 16350: 16348: 16338: 16334: 16324: 16322: 16309: 16308: 16304: 16294: 16292: 16282: 16278: 16270: 16266: 16258: 16254: 16244: 16242: 16224: 16223: 16219: 16209: 16207: 16203: 16192: 16188: 16187: 16183: 16173: 16171: 16167: 16166: 16162: 16152: 16150: 16145: 16144: 16140: 16130: 16128: 16124: 16123: 16119: 16109: 16087: 16083: 16073: 16071: 16064: 16060: 16059: 16055: 16045: 16043: 16033: 16020: 16010: 16008: 15986: 15985: 15981: 15971: 15969: 15968:on 5 March 2016 15952: 15951: 15947: 15935: 15931: 15921: 15919: 15910: 15909: 15905: 15897: 15893: 15885: 15881: 15871: 15869: 15867: 15849: 15845: 15835: 15833: 15825: 15824: 15820: 15810: 15808: 15803: 15802: 15798: 15788: 15786: 15777: 15776: 15772: 15762: 15760: 15751: 15750: 15746: 15736: 15734: 15726: 15725: 15721: 15711: 15709: 15694: 15690: 15683: 15669: 15668: 15664: 15654: 15652: 15643: 15642: 15638: 15605:(7). e1004488. 15590: 15586: 15576: 15574: 15559: 15555: 15542: 15541: 15537: 15527: 15525: 15516: 15515: 15511: 15501: 15499: 15486: 15485: 15481: 15471: 15469: 15460: 15459: 15455: 15445: 15443: 15434: 15433: 15429: 15419: 15417: 15413: 15406: 15402: 15401: 15397: 15387: 15385: 15376: 15375: 15371: 15361: 15359: 15344: 15340: 15301: 15297: 15287: 15285: 15284:on 18 July 2013 15281: 15274: 15270: 15269: 15265: 15255: 15253: 15244: 15243: 15239: 15231: 15216: 15210: 15206: 15198: 15194: 15186: 15182: 15172: 15170: 15155: 15151: 15141: 15139: 15135: 15128: 15122: 15118: 15108: 15106: 15102: 15091: 15087: 15086: 15079: 15069: 15067: 15054: 15053: 15049: 15039: 15037: 15032:. 26 May 2021. 15028: 15027: 15023: 15013: 15011: 15000: 14996: 14986: 14984: 14979:. ABCnews. AP. 14975: 14974: 14970: 14960: 14958: 14949: 14948: 14944: 14934: 14932: 14923: 14922: 14918: 14908: 14906: 14891: 14887: 14877: 14875: 14866: 14865: 14858: 14848: 14846: 14833: 14832: 14828: 14818: 14816: 14807: 14806: 14802: 14788: 14786: 14777: 14776: 14772: 14766:Wayback Machine 14757: 14753: 14743: 14741: 14740:on 30 July 2013 14737: 14730: 14726: 14725: 14721: 14711: 14709: 14698: 14694: 14684: 14682: 14673: 14672: 14668: 14658: 14656: 14641: 14637: 14627: 14625: 14610: 14606: 14596: 14594: 14581: 14580: 14576: 14566: 14564: 14549: 14545: 14535: 14533: 14524: 14523: 14519: 14509: 14507: 14498: 14497: 14493: 14483: 14481: 14472: 14471: 14467: 14457: 14455: 14446: 14445: 14441: 14431: 14429: 14414: 14410: 14400: 14398: 14397:on 23 June 2006 14394: 14387: 14383: 14382: 14378: 14368: 14366: 14359: 14352: 14342: 14340: 14331: 14330: 14326: 14316: 14314: 14303: 14299: 14289: 14287: 14274: 14273: 14262: 14252: 14250: 14237: 14236: 14232: 14222: 14220: 14211: 14210: 14206: 14196: 14194: 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12346: 12342: 12336: 12335: 12331: 12319: 12315: 12303: 12299: 12292: 12283: 12279: 12271: 12267: 12247: 12243: 12231: 12227: 12219: 12215: 12207: 12203: 12197:Feinsilver 1989 12195: 12191: 12183: 12179: 12169: 12167: 12158: 12157: 12153: 12143: 12141: 12116: 12112: 12102: 12100: 12087: 12086: 12082: 12072: 12070: 12066: 12059: 12055: 12054: 12050: 12038:Wayback Machine 12028: 12024: 12014: 12012: 12008: 11995: 11991: 11990: 11986: 11976: 11974: 11961: 11960: 11956: 11950:Wayback Machine 11941: 11937: 11930: 11916: 11912: 11902: 11900: 11857: 11853: 11814: 11810: 11800: 11798: 11755: 11751: 11741: 11739: 11696: 11692: 11657:Democratization 11653: 11649: 11639: 11637: 11624: 11623: 11619: 11609: 11607: 11598: 11597: 11593: 11580: 11578: 11569: 11568: 11564: 11557: 11539: 11535: 11526: 11519: 11517: 11513: 11506: 11502: 11501: 11484: 11445: 11441: 11379: 11375: 11321: 11317: 11310: 11294: 11290: 11280: 11278: 11274: 11263: 11259: 11258: 11254: 11244: 11242: 11238: 11227: 11223: 11222: 11218: 11208: 11206: 11193: 11192: 11188: 11178: 11176: 11165: 11158: 11148: 11146: 11133: 11132: 11125: 11106: 11102: 11092: 11090: 11077: 11076: 11072: 11062: 11060: 11047: 11046: 11042: 11032: 11030: 11015: 11011: 11001: 10999: 10984: 10980: 10970: 10968: 10955: 10954: 10950: 10940: 10938: 10929: 10928: 10924: 10914: 10912: 10903: 10902: 10898: 10888: 10886: 10871: 10870: 10866: 10856: 10854: 10846:The Independent 10837: 10830: 10820: 10818: 10803: 10799: 10786: 10784: 10775: 10774: 10770: 10760: 10758: 10743: 10739: 10733:Wayback Machine 10724: 10720: 10716:14 January 2013 10714:Wayback Machine 10705: 10701: 10691: 10689: 10688:on 10 July 2017 10674: 10670: 10663: 10641: 10637: 10633:16 October 2012 10631:Wayback Machine 10622: 10618: 10612:Wayback Machine 10605:Sarah Rainsford 10599: 10595: 10585:Wayback Machine 10576: 10572: 10562: 10560: 10551: 10550: 10546: 10536: 10534: 10525: 10524: 10520: 10510: 10508: 10495: 10494: 10490: 10480: 10478: 10469: 10468: 10464: 10454: 10452: 10443: 10442: 10438: 10428: 10426: 10421: 10420: 10416: 10411:on 2 July 2009. 10408: 10401: 10397: 10396: 10392: 10382: 10380: 10369: 10365: 10357: 10353: 10338: 10334: 10291: 10290: 10283: 10268:The World Today 10264: 10260: 10253: 10237: 10230: 10220: 10218: 10201: 10197: 10190: 10170: 10169: 10165: 10157: 10150: 10146: 10145: 10141: 10131: 10130: 10126: 10116: 10114: 10097: 10090: 10080: 10078: 10065: 10064: 10060: 10051: 10050: 10046: 10036: 10034: 10017: 10013: 10005: 10001: 9993: 9972: 9962: 9960: 9932: 9928: 9918: 9916: 9891: 9887: 9873: 9869: 9859: 9857: 9840: 9836: 9821: 9801: 9797: 9787: 9785: 9770: 9754: 9750: 9740: 9738: 9734: 9723: 9719: 9718: 9709: 9702: 9683: 9679: 9669: 9667: 9665: 9645: 9636: 9626: 9624: 9622: 9612:UNC Press Books 9599: 9588: 9582:Wayback Machine 9572: 9568: 9558: 9556: 9549: 9511: 9507: 9484: 9468: 9467: 9463: 9455: 9451: 9438: 9437: 9433: 9428: 9424: 9414: 9412: 9403: 9402: 9398: 9390: 9386: 9376: 9374: 9361: 9360: 9356: 9346: 9344: 9337: 9314: 9305: 9295: 9293: 9286: 9270: 9266: 9255: 9251: 9247:, p. 1173. 9243: 9239: 9231: 9227: 9219: 9210: 9200: 9198: 9194: 9183: 9179: 9178: 9174: 9164: 9162: 9155: 9147:. p. 186. 9132: 9128: 9117: 9113: 9106: 9085: 9081: 9071: 9069: 9054: 9053: 9049: 9041: 9037: 9026: 9022: 9011: 9007: 8990: 8986: 8976: 8974: 8959: 8958: 8954: 8946: 8942: 8931: 8927: 8920: 8906:Bethell, Leslie 8903: 8894: 8883: 8872: 8862: 8860: 8853: 8845:. p. 201. 8833: 8824: 8816: 8812: 8801: 8797: 8787: 8785: 8778: 8758: 8751: 8741: 8739: 8732: 8724:. p. 303. 8712: 8705: 8698: 8674: 8670: 8660: 8658: 8651: 8631: 8622: 8612: 8610: 8608: 8588: 8579: 8569: 8567: 8560: 8552:. p. 134. 8540: 8536: 8528: 8524: 8514: 8512: 8505: 8485: 8481: 8471: 8469: 8462: 8442: 8438: 8428: 8426: 8419:Yale Law School 8407: 8406: 8402: 8396:Clodfelter 2017 8394: 8390: 8384:Clodfelter 2017 8382: 8378: 8361: 8360: 8356: 8348: 8344: 8334: 8332: 8325: 8294: 8290: 8280: 8278: 8264: 8260: 8250: 8248: 8241: 8219:; Fahs, Alice; 8209: 8205: 8195: 8193: 8186: 8178:. p. 195. 8166: 8162: 8152: 8150: 8143: 8135:. p. 171. 8123: 8116: 8106: 8104: 8097: 8079: 8068: 8056: 8052: 8040: 8036: 8026: 8024: 8011: 8010: 8006: 7998: 7994: 7984: 7982: 7969: 7968: 7964: 7952: 7948: 7938: 7936: 7915: 7911: 7905:Clodfelter 2017 7903: 7894: 7876: 7872: 7860: 7856: 7847: 7843: 7835:Magnus Mõrner, 7834: 7830: 7822: 7818: 7811: 7793: 7789: 7782: 7768: 7764: 7757: 7743: 7739: 7732: 7715: 7711: 7706:(2nd ed.). 7697: 7686: 7671:10.2307/1919107 7645: 7630: 7620: 7618: 7605: 7604: 7591: 7583: 7579: 7571: 7567: 7559: 7555: 7546: 7542: 7529:Wayback Machine 7517: 7513: 7506: 7490: 7486: 7476: 7474: 7467: 7444: 7440: 7429: 7425: 7415: 7413: 7409: 7398: 7394: 7393: 7389: 7382: 7370:. Vol. 1. 7364: 7360: 7349: 7345: 7337: 7317: 7313: 7305: 7281: 7277: 7270: 7246: 7242: 7235: 7211: 7207: 7162: 7158: 7096: 7087: 7070: 7069: 7065: 7055: 7053: 7040: 7039: 7035: 7025: 7023: 7014: 7013: 6994: 6984: 6982: 6978: 6971: 6967: 6966: 6962: 6952: 6950: 6939: 6932: 6922: 6920: 6914:"Be more libre" 6910: 6903: 6893: 6891: 6869: 6858: 6848: 6846: 6801: 6797: 6787: 6785: 6768: 6764: 6754: 6752: 6739: 6738: 6734: 6727: 6701:Smith, Peter H. 6691: 6670: 6666: 6658: 6651: 6647: 6646: 6642: 6636:Wayback Machine 6627: 6620: 6610: 6608: 6601:www.amnesty.org 6595: 6594: 6590: 6580: 6578: 6571: 6545: 6541: 6531: 6529: 6484: 6480: 6470: 6468: 6461: 6438: 6434: 6415: 6411: 6398: 6396: 6383: 6382: 6378: 6368: 6366: 6357: 6356: 6352: 6344: 6340: 6330: 6328: 6324: 6313: 6309: 6308: 6304: 6294: 6292: 6279: 6278: 6274: 6264: 6262: 6253: 6252: 6245: 6235: 6233: 6224: 6223: 6219: 6209: 6207: 6203: 6202: 6195: 6185: 6183: 6174: 6173: 6169: 6159: 6157: 6143: 6142: 6138: 6128: 6126: 6116: 6112: 6102: 6100: 6091: 6090: 6086: 6076: 6074: 6065: 6064: 6060: 6050: 6048: 6044: 6033: 6029: 6028: 6024: 6014: 6012: 5999: 5998: 5994: 5984: 5982: 5973: 5972: 5968: 5958: 5956: 5947: 5946: 5942: 5932: 5930: 5921: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5907: 5906: 5900:Jorge Domínguez 5897: 5893: 5884: 5880: 5871: 5867: 5844:Rafael Trujillo 5838: 5834: 5800: 5796: 5771: 5767: 5762: 5758: 5753: 5749: 5740: 5736: 5711: 5707: 5694: 5690: 5685: 5681: 5660: 5656: 5643: 5639: 5630: 5626: 5616: 5615: 5605: 5601: 5591: 5590: 5587:[ˈkuβa] 5582: 5575: 5565: 5564: 5543: 5539: 5538: 5534: 5530:leader of Cuba. 5509: 5505: 5500: 5496: 5491: 5478:Outline of Cuba 5458: 5451: 5444: 5439: 5437: 5430: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5368: 5362: 5311: 5305: 5274: 5268: 5222: 5220:Dance from Cuba 5216: 5203:Ernesto Lecuona 5148: 5147: 5146: 5145: 5135: 5134: 5133: 5125: 5124: 5113: 5107: 5098:Leonardo Padura 5074:Reinaldo Arenas 5044:Nicolás Guillén 5039: 5033: 4920: 4914: 4894: 4892:Culture of Cuba 4888: 4856: 4783:life expectancy 4768: 4762: 4692: 4686: 4585: 4579: 4531: 4525: 4513:Mariel boatlift 4457: 4449:Main articles: 4447: 4407: 4399:Main articles: 4397: 4392: 4292: 4291: 4283: 4268: 4253: 4225: 4220: 4050: 4044: 4040: 4013: 4007: 4003: 3971: 3970: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3951: 3945: 3925: 3917:Main articles: 3915: 3910: 3904: 3874:medical tourism 3867:US$ 2.1 billion 3866: 3862: 3826: 3824:Tourism in Cuba 3820: 3811: 3785: 3684: 3681:US$ 6.9 billion 3680: 3677:US$ 2.4 billion 3676: 3620:planned economy 3604: 3586: 3584:Economy of Cuba 3580: 3541:Ladies in White 3534: 3516: 3510: 3475: 3469: 3463: 3461:Law enforcement 3441:Soviet military 3425: 3422: 3416: 3333:John F. Kennedy 3324: 3318: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3087:Sancti Spíritus 3032: 3024:Main articles: 3022: 2977:Democracy Index 2960:political party 2928:Communist Party 2901:one-party state 2854: 2853: 2852: 2851: 2850: 2844: 2839: 2831: 2830: 2824: 2819: 2810: 2809: 2808: 2802: 2797: 2789: 2788: 2778: 2773: 2762: 2756: 2714:national flower 2698:of Cuba and an 2686: in). The 2682: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2666:bee hummingbird 2619: 2579: 2577:Climate of Cuba 2573: 2495:Yucatán Channel 2443: 2431:Main articles: 2429: 2250: 2246: 2145: 2144: 2143: 2142: 2141: 2131: 2123: 2122: 2112: 2104: 2103: 2090: 1999:John F. Kennedy 1980:Anastas Mikoyan 1893: 1869:right to strike 1837: 1814:Francoist Spain 1805: 1764: 1742:Gerardo Machado 1712:Platt Amendment 1702: 1671: 1666: 1660: 1559:Slavery in Cuba 1491: 1446: 1365:direct conflict 1340:and 300,000 in 1329: 1325:A map of Cuba, 1267:was founded by 1223: 1215:Main articles: 1213: 1183: 1178: 1172:History of Cuba 1170:Main articles: 1168: 1150:comes from the 1144: 1051:Communist Party 1047:socialist state 919:country in the 792: 789: 768: 737: 736: 735: 724: 712: 711: 710: 704: 683: 664: 652: 640: 630: 614: 598: 579: 564: 547: 533: 512: 499: 486: 472: 458: 448:10 October 1868 445: 431: 405: 402: 388: 385: 370: 365: 353: 351:First Secretary 306: 279: 271: 247: 234: 230: 226: 222: 195:23.133; -82.383 194: 192: 188: 185: 180: 177: 175: 173: 172: 171: 165: 157: 145: 125: 122: 119: 118: 101: 86: 85: 84: 79: 71: 70: 65: 52: 45: 37: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 22327: 22317: 22316: 22311: 22306: 22301: 22296: 22291: 22286: 22281: 22276: 22271: 22266: 22261: 22256: 22251: 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21090: 21085: 21079: 21077: 21073: 21072: 21070: 21069: 21064: 21062:United Kingdom 21058: 21056: 21052: 21051: 21049: 21048: 21043: 21042: 21041: 21033: 21032: 21031: 21021: 21019:United Kingdom 21016: 21011: 21006: 21001: 20996: 20991: 20986: 20981: 20976: 20971: 20966: 20961: 20956: 20955: 20954: 20949: 20944: 20943: 20942: 20929: 20924: 20923: 20922: 20912: 20907: 20906: 20905: 20895: 20889: 20887: 20883: 20882: 20874: 20873: 20866: 20859: 20851: 20842: 20841: 20838: 20837: 20823: 20820: 20819: 20817: 20816: 20811: 20805: 20803: 20799: 20798: 20796: 20795: 20790: 20785: 20783:Cayman Islands 20780: 20775: 20770: 20764: 20762: 20761:United Kingdom 20758: 20757: 20755: 20754: 20749: 20744: 20738: 20736: 20732: 20731: 20729: 20728: 20723: 20718: 20716:St. Barthélemy 20713: 20707: 20705: 20701: 20700: 20698: 20697: 20691: 20689: 20682: 20676: 20675: 20668: 20666: 20663: 20662: 20660: 20659: 20658: 20657: 20652: 20642: 20641: 20640: 20638:Sint Eustatius 20635: 20630: 20620: 20619: 20618: 20613: 20603: 20602: 20601: 20590: 20588: 20584: 20583: 20581: 20580: 20575: 20570: 20565: 20560: 20555: 20550: 20545: 20540: 20535: 20530: 20525: 20520: 20515: 20510: 20505: 20500: 20495: 20490: 20485: 20480: 20475: 20470: 20464: 20462: 20455: 20449: 20448: 20437: 20436: 20429: 20422: 20414: 20405: 20404: 20402: 20401: 20396: 20389: 20388: 20380: 20379: 20376: 20375: 20372: 20371: 20368: 20367: 20365: 20364: 20359: 20354: 20353: 20352: 20341: 20335: 20329: 20328: 20326: 20325: 20320: 20315: 20314: 20313: 20303: 20301:Radio stations 20298: 20293: 20288: 20283: 20278: 20273: 20268: 20263: 20257: 20251: 20245: 20244: 20241: 20240: 20238: 20237: 20232: 20231: 20230: 20225: 20215: 20214: 20213: 20203: 20198: 20193: 20188: 20183: 20178: 20173: 20168: 20163: 20157: 20151: 20145: 20144: 20141: 20140: 20138: 20137: 20132: 20127: 20122: 20117: 20112: 20106: 20100: 20094: 20093: 20090: 20089: 20086: 20085: 20083: 20082: 20077: 20072: 20067: 20062: 20057: 20052: 20047: 20042: 20037: 20032: 20027: 20017: 20015:Extreme points 20012: 20007: 20001: 19999: 19995: 19994: 19992: 19991: 19986: 19981: 19976: 19971: 19966: 19961: 19956: 19955: 19954: 19953: 19952: 19947: 19942: 19932: 19921: 19919: 19908: 19902: 19901: 19898: 19897: 19895: 19894: 19889: 19888: 19887: 19877: 19872: 19871: 19870: 19865: 19855: 19850: 19848:Afro-Caribbean 19844: 19842: 19838: 19837: 19835: 19834: 19829: 19824: 19819: 19814: 19809: 19804: 19799: 19793: 19787: 19785: 19778: 19772: 19771: 19769: articles 19763: 19762: 19755: 19748: 19740: 19734: 19731: 19730: 19718: 19717: 19715: 19714: 19704: 19694: 19683: 19680: 19679: 19676: 19675: 19672: 19671: 19669: 19668: 19667: 19666: 19656: 19655: 19654: 19644: 19643: 19642: 19632: 19627: 19621: 19619: 19615: 19614: 19612: 19611: 19606: 19601: 19596: 19591: 19586: 19581: 19576: 19571: 19566: 19561: 19556: 19551: 19546: 19541: 19536: 19531: 19526: 19520: 19514: 19508: 19507: 19504: 19503: 19501: 19500: 19495: 19494: 19493: 19488: 19483: 19473: 19468: 19463: 19458: 19453: 19448: 19443: 19438: 19433: 19428: 19427: 19426: 19421: 19411: 19406: 19401: 19400: 19399: 19389: 19388: 19387: 19382: 19372: 19371: 19370: 19360: 19355: 19350: 19345: 19340: 19335: 19329: 19327: 19316: 19310: 19309: 19306: 19305: 19303: 19302: 19301: 19300: 19290: 19285: 19280: 19275: 19274: 19273: 19268: 19255: 19250: 19249: 19248: 19243: 19232: 19226: 19220: 19219: 19216: 19215: 19212: 19211: 19209: 19208: 19203: 19198: 19192: 19190: 19186: 19185: 19183: 19182: 19176: 19174: 19170: 19169: 19167: 19166: 19160: 19155: 19150: 19145: 19140: 19134: 19132: 19128: 19127: 19125: 19124: 19123: 19122: 19112: 19107: 19106: 19105: 19095: 19090: 19089: 19088: 19078: 19073: 19068: 19067: 19066: 19061: 19056: 19046: 19041: 19036: 19031: 19026: 19021: 19015: 19005: 18999: 18998: 18995: 18994: 18992: 18991: 18986: 18981: 18976: 18971: 18966: 18961: 18959:Municipalities 18956: 18950: 18944: 18938: 18937: 18934: 18933: 18931: 18930: 18929: 18928: 18899: 18898: 18897: 18886: 18884: 18880: 18879: 18877: 18876: 18871: 18866: 18861: 18859:Special Period 18856: 18851: 18846: 18841: 18836: 18831: 18825: 18823: 18819: 18818: 18816: 18815: 18810: 18805: 18803:1932 hurricane 18800: 18795: 18790: 18785: 18780: 18772: 18767: 18762: 18760:Ten Years' War 18757: 18752: 18747: 18741: 18739: 18738:Pre-Revolution 18732: 18726: 18725: 18714: 18713: 18706: 18699: 18691: 18685: 18684: 18674: 18648: 18639: 18623: 18613: 18603: 18602:External links 18600: 18598: 18597: 18582: 18576: 18566:. Lanham, MD: 18559: 18553: 18533: 18527: 18507: 18501: 18479: 18458: 18439: 18405: 18399: 18379: 18370: 18364: 18351: 18345: 18328: 18322: 18309: 18303: 18286: 18280: 18259: 18253: 18237: 18231: 18207: 18201: 18181: 18175: 18158: 18121: 18095:(1): 159–195. 18082: 18049: 18043: 18026: 17983: 17960: 17939: 17920: 17907: 17885: 17879: 17862: 17856: 17836: 17830: 17822:Westview Press 17809: 17804:978-0786474707 17803: 17790: 17784: 17764:Chomsky, Aviva 17760: 17754: 17735: 17714: 17695: 17670: 17649: 17626: 17620: 17607: 17553: 17551: 17548: 17546: 17545: 17523: 17504: 17486: 17474: 17462: 17437: 17423: 17402: 17380: 17358: 17334: 17312: 17305: 17285: 17272: 17259: 17246: 17239: 17219: 17193: 17186: 17168: 17143: 17132: 17104: 17078: 17067:on 2 July 2015 17048: 17022: 16995: 16969: 16943: 16916: 16893: 16863: 16851: 16837: 16817: 16804: 16788: 16776: 16744: 16718: 16692: 16674: 16649: 16626: 16604: 16582: 16560: 16537: 16511: 16482: 16447: 16433: 16418: 16411: 16391: 16358: 16332: 16302: 16276: 16272:Domínguez 2003 16264: 16252: 16217: 16181: 16160: 16138: 16117: 16107: 16081: 16053: 16018: 15979: 15945: 15929: 15918:on 9 July 2009 15903: 15891: 15879: 15865: 15843: 15818: 15796: 15785:on 6 June 2009 15770: 15744: 15719: 15688: 15681: 15662: 15636: 15584: 15553: 15535: 15524:on 27 May 2020 15509: 15479: 15453: 15427: 15395: 15369: 15338: 15295: 15263: 15237: 15204: 15192: 15180: 15149: 15116: 15077: 15047: 15021: 14994: 14968: 14942: 14916: 14885: 14856: 14826: 14800: 14770: 14751: 14719: 14692: 14666: 14635: 14604: 14574: 14543: 14517: 14491: 14465: 14439: 14408: 14376: 14350: 14339:on 4 June 2011 14324: 14313:on 13 May 2008 14297: 14260: 14230: 14204: 14178: 14152: 14137:. World Bank. 14126: 14096: 14062: 14032: 14006: 13980: 13951: 13925: 13898: 13891: 13873: 13846: 13816: 13784: 13758: 13726: 13719: 13688: 13662: 13643: 13623: 13597: 13566: 13536: 13510: 13493: 13467: 13437: 13407: 13375: 13345: 13319: 13288: 13262: 13232: 13206: 13179: 13151: 13114: 13088: 13073:(in Spanish). 13040: 13010: 12980: 12949: 12910: 12884: 12857: 12826: 12795: 12768: 12737: 12706: 12675: 12644: 12617: 12591: 12565: 12538:(4): 888–890. 12516: 12504: 12460: 12429: 12398: 12387:on 11 May 2011 12366: 12340: 12329: 12313: 12305:Gleijeses 2002 12297: 12285:Gleijeses 1997 12277: 12273:Gleijeses 1997 12265: 12241: 12233:Gleijeses 2002 12225: 12221:Gleijeses 2010 12213: 12209:Gleijeses 1996 12201: 12189: 12185:Domínguez 1989 12177: 12151: 12110: 12080: 12048: 12022: 11984: 11954: 11935: 11928: 11910: 11851: 11808: 11775:10.1086/703068 11769:(3): 892–905. 11749: 11690: 11647: 11617: 11591: 11562: 11555: 11533: 11529:Domínguez 2003 11482: 11455:(4): 573–591. 11439: 11373: 11336:(6): 534–545. 11315: 11308: 11288: 11252: 11216: 11186: 11156: 11123: 11100: 11070: 11040: 11009: 10994:(in Spanish). 10978: 10948: 10922: 10896: 10864: 10828: 10797: 10768: 10737: 10718: 10699: 10668: 10661: 10635: 10616: 10593: 10570: 10544: 10518: 10488: 10471:"Byte by byte" 10462: 10436: 10414: 10390: 10363: 10351: 10332: 10281: 10258: 10251: 10228: 10195: 10188: 10163: 10139: 10124: 10088: 10058: 10044: 10011: 10007:Domínguez 1989 9999: 9970: 9935:Koppel, Martín 9926: 9885: 9867: 9834: 9819: 9795: 9768: 9748: 9707: 9700: 9677: 9663: 9634: 9620: 9586: 9566: 9548:978-0822347378 9547: 9525:. Durham, NC: 9505: 9482: 9461: 9449: 9431: 9422: 9396: 9384: 9354: 9335: 9317:Chomsky, Aviva 9303: 9284: 9264: 9249: 9237: 9233:Baklanoff 1998 9225: 9208: 9172: 9153: 9143:. Oxford, UK: 9135:Lewis, Paul H. 9126: 9111: 9104: 9079: 9047: 9035: 9028:Domínguez 1978 9020: 9013:Domínguez 1978 9005: 9002:. p. 230. 8993:Polmar, Norman 8984: 8952: 8940: 8925: 8918: 8892: 8870: 8851: 8822: 8818:Domínguez 1978 8810: 8803:Domínguez 1978 8795: 8776: 8770:. p. 95. 8749: 8730: 8703: 8696: 8668: 8649: 8620: 8606: 8577: 8558: 8534: 8522: 8503: 8497:. p. 63. 8479: 8460: 8454:. p. xv. 8436: 8400: 8398:, p. 308. 8388: 8386:, p. 255. 8376: 8354: 8342: 8323: 8317:. p. 18. 8305:Polmar, Norman 8288: 8258: 8239: 8203: 8184: 8160: 8141: 8114: 8095: 8066: 8050: 8034: 8004: 7992: 7975:cubagenweb.org 7962: 7946: 7931:(2): 211–216. 7909: 7907:, p. 306. 7892: 7870: 7854: 7841: 7828: 7826:, p. 352. 7816: 7809: 7787: 7781:978-1107029422 7780: 7762: 7756:978-1107029422 7755: 7737: 7731:978-1107029422 7730: 7709: 7684: 7665:(2): 307–309. 7628: 7589: 7587:, p. 246. 7577: 7575:, p. 229. 7565: 7563:, p. 183. 7553: 7540: 7511: 7504: 7484: 7465: 7438: 7431:McAlister 1984 7423: 7387: 7380: 7358: 7343: 7335: 7311: 7303: 7275: 7268: 7240: 7233: 7205: 7156: 7085: 7063: 7048:. p. 11. 7033: 6992: 6960: 6930: 6901: 6872:Kessler, Glenn 6856: 6795: 6762: 6732: 6725: 6689: 6673:Rangel, Carlos 6664: 6640: 6618: 6588: 6569: 6539: 6500:(4): 557–600. 6493:World Politics 6478: 6459: 6432: 6423:Deutsche Welle 6409: 6385:"Fidel Castro" 6376: 6350: 6338: 6302: 6272: 6243: 6217: 6193: 6167: 6136: 6110: 6084: 6058: 6022: 5992: 5966: 5940: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5905: 5904: 5891: 5878: 5865: 5832: 5794: 5765: 5756: 5747: 5734: 5705: 5697:Ten Years' War 5688: 5679: 5654: 5637: 5624: 5599: 5532: 5503: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5464: 5463: 5460:Islands portal 5449: 5435: 5419: 5416: 5400:Erislandy Lara 5392:amateur boxing 5364:Main article: 5361: 5358: 5307:Main article: 5304: 5301: 5270:Main article: 5267: 5264: 5240:originated in 5218:Main article: 5215: 5212: 5139:Gloria Estefan 5137: 5136: 5127: 5126: 5118: 5117: 5116: 5115: 5114: 5109:Main article: 5106: 5103: 5082:Daína Chaviano 5035:Main article: 5032: 5029: 4916:Main article: 4913: 4910: 4890:Main article: 4887: 4884: 4855: 4852: 4764:Main article: 4761: 4758: 4688:Main article: 4685: 4682: 4629:Pentecostalism 4625:house churches 4581:Main article: 4578: 4575: 4559:Haitian Creole 4527:Main article: 4524: 4521: 4505:Special Period 4494:Mexican border 4468:Cuban American 4446: 4443: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4384:Western Sahara 4372:Kalabari tribe 4348:, followed by 4288: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4234: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4217: 4216: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4199: 4198: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4181: 4180: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4163: 4162: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4145: 4144: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4127: 4126: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4109: 4108: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4091: 4090: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4073: 4072: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4055: 4054: 4033: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4017: 3995: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3972: 3968: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3952: 3944: 3943:Largest cities 3941: 3937:fertility rate 3914: 3911: 3906:Main article: 3903: 3900: 3896:Hurricane Irma 3881:mountaineering 3822:Main article: 3819: 3816: 3784: 3781: 3757:Parque Central 3654:GDP per capita 3582:Main article: 3579: 3576: 3553:European Union 3512:Main article: 3509: 3506: 3485:police car in 3465:Main article: 3462: 3459: 3418:Main article: 3415: 3412: 3390:announced the 3337:Missile Crisis 3320:Main article: 3317: 3314: 3310:Vladimir Putin 3237:Vladimir Putin 3147:Main article: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3134: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3096:Ciego de Ávila 3091: 3090: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3021: 3018: 2840: 2833: 2832: 2827:Vice President 2820: 2813: 2812: 2811: 2805:Prime Minister 2798: 2791: 2790: 2774: 2767: 2766: 2765: 2764: 2763: 2758:Main article: 2755: 2752: 2618: 2615: 2605:Hurricane Irma 2595:Gulf of Mexico 2575:Main article: 2572: 2569: 2554:Sierra Maestra 2539:Sierra Maestra 2463:Gulf of Mexico 2428: 2425: 2415:, traditional 2409:LGBT community 2279:"Black Spring" 2243:Special Period 2199:Maurice Bishop 2183:Yom Kippur War 2132: 2125: 2124: 2113: 2106: 2105: 2091: 2084: 2083: 2082: 2081: 2080: 1967:Guantánamo Bay 1937:Sierra Maestra 1892: 1889: 1836: 1833: 1804: 1801: 1763: 1760: 1703:US$ 20 million 1670: 1667: 1662:Main article: 1659: 1656: 1620:reconcentrados 1551:Calixto García 1547:Pact of Zanjón 1539:William Ludlow 1535:Calixto García 1514:Ten Years' War 1490: 1487: 1389:North American 1346:Saint-Domingue 1212: 1209: 1188:endemic sloths 1182: 1179: 1167: 1164: 1152:Taíno language 1143: 1140: 1057:. Cuba has an 1024:Special Period 958:, through the 909:Cayman Islands 877:Gulf of Mexico 853:island country 840: 839: 834: 828: 827: 822: 816: 815: 810: 804: 803: 790: 783: 780: 779: 766: 762: 761: 751: 747: 746: 727: 717: 716: 707: 697: 696: 691:$ 13,128 ( 684: 681: 678: 677: 665: 662: 659: 658: 655: 645: 644: 641: 638: 635: 634: 631: 628: 625: 624: 621: 607: 606: 599: 597:• Density 596: 593: 592: 580: 577: 574: 573: 565: 562: 559: 558: 552: 551: 548: 545: 542: 541: 534: 531: 528: 527: 521: 520: 517: 516: 513: 507: 504: 503: 500: 494: 491: 490: 487: 480: 477: 476: 473: 466: 463: 462: 459: 453: 450: 449: 446: 440: 437: 436: 433: 432: 429: 425: 424: 419: 415: 414: 411: 410: 403: 397: 394: 393: 386: 383:Prime Minister 380: 377: 376: 371: 367:Vice President 363: 360: 359: 354: 344: 341: 340: 337: 336: 326: 320: 319: 314: 308: 307: 305: 304: 301: 299:folk religions 295: 289: 282: 280: 277: 273: 272: 270: 269: 263: 257: 250: 248: 245: 239: 238: 220:Haitian Creole 217: 213: 212: 207: 203: 202: 166: 163: 159: 158: 155: 147: 146: 123: 104: 103: 88: 87: 80: 73: 72: 66: 59: 58: 57: 54: 53: 38: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 22326: 22315: 22312: 22310: 22307: 22305: 22302: 22300: 22297: 22295: 22292: 22290: 22287: 22285: 22282: 22280: 22277: 22275: 22272: 22270: 22267: 22265: 22262: 22260: 22257: 22255: 22252: 22250: 22247: 22245: 22242: 22240: 22237: 22235: 22232: 22230: 22227: 22225: 22222: 22220: 22217: 22215: 22212: 22210: 22207: 22205: 22202: 22201: 22199: 22192: 22189: 22147: 22137: 22134: 22132: 22129: 22127: 22124: 22122: 22119: 22117: 22114: 22112: 22109: 22107: 22104: 22102: 22099: 22097: 22094: 22092: 22089: 22088: 22086: 22084: 22083:Member states 22080: 22076: 22069: 22064: 22062: 22057: 22055: 22050: 22049: 22046: 22033: 22023: 22020: 22018: 22015: 22013: 22012:Mohamed Morsi 22010: 22008: 22005: 22003: 22000: 21998: 21995: 21994: 21992: 21988: 21981: 21977: 21974: 21971: 21967: 21966:Kwame Nkrumah 21964: 21961: 21957: 21954: 21951: 21947: 21944: 21941: 21937: 21934: 21933: 21931: 21927: 21921: 21918: 21916: 21913: 21911: 21908: 21906: 21903: 21901: 21898: 21896: 21893: 21891: 21888: 21886: 21883: 21881: 21878: 21876: 21873: 21871: 21868: 21866: 21863: 21861: 21858: 21856: 21853: 21851: 21848: 21847: 21845: 21843: 21839: 21833: 21830: 21829: 21827: 21823: 21817: 21814: 21811: 21807: 21804: 21802: 21799: 21797: 21794: 21792: 21789: 21787: 21784: 21783: 21781: 21779:Organizations 21777: 21771: 21768: 21767: 21765: 21761: 21758: 21754: 21747: 21744: 21742: 21739: 21737: 21734: 21731: 21728: 21726: 21723: 21721: 21718: 21716: 21713: 21710: 21707: 21706: 21704: 21701: 21697: 21693: 21686: 21681: 21679: 21674: 21672: 21667: 21666: 21663: 21653: 21648: 21634: 21631: 21629: 21626: 21624: 21621: 21619: 21616: 21614: 21611: 21609: 21606: 21604: 21601: 21599: 21596: 21594: 21591: 21589: 21586: 21582: 21579: 21577: 21574: 21573: 21571: 21569: 21568:Crimea (1919) 21566: 21564: 21561: 21559: 21556: 21554: 21551: 21549: 21546: 21542: 21539: 21537: 21534: 21533: 21531: 21529: 21526: 21524: 21521: 21519: 21516: 21515: 21513: 21509: 21503: 21500: 21498: 21495: 21493: 21490: 21488: 21485: 21483: 21480: 21478: 21475: 21471: 21468: 21466: 21463: 21462: 21461: 21458: 21456: 21453: 21451: 21448: 21447: 21445: 21441: 21431: 21430:South Vietnam 21428: 21426: 21423: 21421: 21418: 21416: 21413: 21411: 21408: 21406: 21403: 21401: 21398: 21396: 21393: 21391: 21388: 21386: 21383: 21381: 21378: 21376: 21373: 21372: 21370: 21366: 21358: 21357:North Vietnam 21355: 21354: 21353: 21350: 21348: 21345: 21343: 21340: 21338: 21335: 21333: 21330: 21328: 21325: 21323: 21320: 21318: 21315: 21313: 21310: 21306: 21303: 21301: 21298: 21296: 21293: 21292: 21290: 21288: 21285: 21283: 21280: 21279: 21277: 21273: 21267: 21264: 21262: 21259: 21257: 21254: 21252: 21249: 21248: 21246: 21242: 21236: 21233: 21231: 21228: 21226: 21223: 21221: 21218: 21216: 21213: 21211: 21208: 21206: 21203: 21199: 21196: 21194: 21191: 21190: 21188: 21186: 21183: 21181: 21178: 21176: 21173: 21171: 21168: 21166: 21163: 21162: 21160: 21156: 21153: 21151: 21145: 21139: 21136: 21134: 21131: 21129: 21126: 21124: 21121: 21119: 21116: 21114: 21111: 21109: 21106: 21104: 21101: 21099: 21096: 21094: 21091: 21089: 21086: 21084: 21081: 21080: 21078: 21074: 21068: 21067:United States 21065: 21063: 21060: 21059: 21057: 21053: 21047: 21044: 21040: 21037: 21036: 21034: 21030: 21027: 21026: 21025: 21024:United States 21022: 21020: 21017: 21015: 21012: 21010: 21007: 21005: 21002: 21000: 20997: 20995: 20992: 20990: 20987: 20985: 20982: 20980: 20977: 20975: 20972: 20970: 20967: 20965: 20962: 20960: 20957: 20953: 20950: 20948: 20945: 20941: 20938: 20937: 20936: 20933: 20932: 20930: 20928: 20925: 20921: 20918: 20917: 20916: 20913: 20911: 20908: 20904: 20903:New Australia 20901: 20900: 20899: 20896: 20894: 20891: 20890: 20888: 20884: 20879: 20872: 20867: 20865: 20860: 20858: 20853: 20852: 20849: 20835: 20834: 20821: 20815: 20812: 20810: 20807: 20806: 20804: 20802:United States 20800: 20794: 20791: 20789: 20786: 20784: 20781: 20779: 20776: 20774: 20771: 20769: 20766: 20765: 20763: 20759: 20753: 20750: 20748: 20745: 20743: 20740: 20739: 20737: 20733: 20727: 20724: 20722: 20719: 20717: 20714: 20712: 20709: 20708: 20706: 20702: 20696: 20693: 20692: 20690: 20686: 20683: 20681: 20677: 20672: 20656: 20653: 20651: 20650:Nueva Esparta 20648: 20647: 20646: 20643: 20639: 20636: 20634: 20631: 20629: 20626: 20625: 20624: 20621: 20617: 20614: 20612: 20609: 20608: 20607: 20604: 20600: 20597: 20596: 20595: 20592: 20591: 20589: 20585: 20579: 20578:United States 20576: 20574: 20571: 20569: 20566: 20564: 20561: 20559: 20556: 20554: 20551: 20549: 20546: 20544: 20541: 20539: 20536: 20534: 20531: 20529: 20526: 20524: 20521: 20519: 20516: 20514: 20511: 20509: 20506: 20504: 20501: 20499: 20496: 20494: 20491: 20489: 20486: 20484: 20481: 20479: 20476: 20474: 20471: 20469: 20466: 20465: 20463: 20459: 20456: 20454: 20450: 20446: 20445:North America 20442: 20435: 20430: 20428: 20423: 20421: 20416: 20415: 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19996: 19990: 19987: 19985: 19982: 19980: 19977: 19975: 19972: 19970: 19969:Caribbean Sea 19967: 19965: 19962: 19960: 19957: 19951: 19948: 19946: 19943: 19941: 19938: 19937: 19936: 19933: 19931: 19928: 19927: 19926: 19923: 19922: 19920: 19916: 19912: 19909: 19907: 19903: 19893: 19890: 19886: 19883: 19882: 19881: 19878: 19876: 19873: 19869: 19866: 19864: 19861: 19860: 19859: 19856: 19854: 19851: 19849: 19846: 19845: 19843: 19839: 19833: 19830: 19828: 19825: 19823: 19820: 19818: 19815: 19813: 19810: 19808: 19805: 19803: 19800: 19797: 19794: 19792: 19789: 19788: 19786: 19782: 19779: 19777: 19773: 19768: 19761: 19756: 19754: 19749: 19747: 19742: 19741: 19738: 19732: 19725: 19713: 19705: 19703: 19695: 19693: 19685: 19684: 19681: 19665: 19662: 19661: 19660: 19657: 19653: 19650: 19649: 19648: 19645: 19641: 19638: 19637: 19636: 19633: 19631: 19628: 19626: 19623: 19622: 19620: 19618:By occupation 19616: 19610: 19607: 19605: 19602: 19600: 19597: 19595: 19592: 19590: 19587: 19585: 19582: 19580: 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19191: 19187: 19181: 19178: 19177: 19175: 19171: 19164: 19163:National Army 19161: 19159: 19156: 19154: 19151: 19149: 19146: 19144: 19141: 19139: 19136: 19135: 19133: 19129: 19121: 19118: 19117: 19116: 19113: 19111: 19108: 19104: 19101: 19100: 19099: 19096: 19094: 19091: 19087: 19084: 19083: 19082: 19079: 19077: 19074: 19072: 19069: 19065: 19062: 19060: 19057: 19055: 19052: 19051: 19050: 19047: 19045: 19042: 19040: 19037: 19035: 19032: 19030: 19027: 19025: 19022: 19020: 19017: 19016: 19013: 19009: 19006: 19004: 19000: 18990: 18987: 18985: 18982: 18980: 18977: 18975: 18972: 18970: 18967: 18965: 18962: 18960: 18957: 18955: 18952: 18951: 18948: 18945: 18943: 18939: 18927: 18923: 18919: 18915: 18911: 18907: 18903: 18902: 18901:Other cities 18900: 18896: 18893: 18892: 18891: 18888: 18887: 18885: 18881: 18875: 18872: 18870: 18867: 18865: 18862: 18860: 18857: 18855: 18852: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18842: 18840: 18837: 18835: 18832: 18830: 18827: 18826: 18824: 18820: 18814: 18811: 18809: 18806: 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18268: 18267: 18260: 18256: 18250: 18246: 18242: 18238: 18234: 18228: 18224: 18219: 18218: 18212: 18211:Gott, Richard 18208: 18204: 18198: 18194: 18191:. Cambridge: 18190: 18186: 18182: 18178: 18172: 18168: 18164: 18159: 18155: 18151: 18147: 18143: 18139: 18135: 18131: 18127: 18122: 18118: 18114: 18110: 18106: 18102: 18098: 18094: 18090: 18089: 18083: 18079: 18075: 18071: 18067: 18063: 18059: 18055: 18050: 18046: 18040: 18036: 18032: 18027: 18023: 18019: 18015: 18011: 18006: 18001: 17997: 17993: 17989: 17984: 17980: 17976: 17972: 17968: 17967: 17961: 17946: 17942: 17936: 17932: 17931: 17926: 17921: 17910: 17904: 17900: 17893: 17892: 17886: 17882: 17876: 17872: 17868: 17863: 17859: 17853: 17849: 17848:Belknap Press 17845: 17841: 17837: 17833: 17827: 17823: 17818: 17817: 17810: 17806: 17800: 17796: 17791: 17787: 17781: 17777: 17772: 17771: 17765: 17761: 17757: 17751: 17747: 17743: 17742: 17736: 17721: 17717: 17711: 17707: 17706: 17701: 17696: 17685: 17678: 17677: 17671: 17656: 17652: 17646: 17642: 17638: 17637: 17632: 17627: 17623: 17621:0-521-63075-4 17617: 17613: 17612:South America 17608: 17604: 17600: 17595: 17590: 17586: 17582: 17578: 17574: 17571:(7566): 464. 17570: 17566: 17565: 17560: 17555: 17554: 17534:. Olympic.org 17533: 17527: 17519: 17515: 17508: 17500: 17496: 17490: 17483: 17478: 17471: 17466: 17450: 17444: 17442: 17433: 17427: 17412: 17406: 17390: 17384: 17376: 17372: 17368: 17362: 17354: 17350: 17349: 17344: 17338: 17322: 17316: 17308: 17302: 17298: 17297: 17289: 17282: 17276: 17269: 17263: 17256: 17250: 17242: 17240:9780253209481 17236: 17232: 17231: 17223: 17207: 17203: 17197: 17189: 17183: 17179: 17172: 17157: 17156:Smith College 17153: 17147: 17141: 17136: 17121: 17120: 17115: 17108: 17093: 17089: 17082: 17066: 17062: 17058: 17052: 17037: 17033: 17026: 17019: 17017: 17012: 17008: 17005: 16999: 16992: 16990: 16986: 16982: 16979: 16973: 16957: 16953: 16947: 16940: 16938: 16933: 16929: 16926: 16920: 16913: 16909: 16905: 16902: 16897: 16881: 16877: 16873: 16867: 16860: 16855: 16840: 16834: 16830: 16829: 16821: 16814: 16808: 16797: 16792: 16785: 16780: 16764: 16760: 16753: 16751: 16749: 16733: 16729: 16722: 16707: 16703: 16696: 16690: 16686: 16681: 16679: 16659: 16653: 16639:, 6 June 2023 16638: 16637: 16630: 16614: 16608: 16592: 16586: 16570: 16564: 16557: 16553: 16549: 16546: 16541: 16525: 16521: 16515: 16499: 16495: 16489: 16487: 16467: 16460: 16454: 16452: 16443: 16437: 16429: 16422: 16414: 16408: 16404: 16403: 16395: 16379: 16375: 16370: 16362: 16347: 16343: 16336: 16320: 16316: 16312: 16306: 16291: 16287: 16280: 16273: 16268: 16261: 16256: 16241: 16237: 16233: 16232: 16227: 16221: 16202: 16198: 16191: 16185: 16170: 16164: 16148: 16142: 16127: 16121: 16114: 16110: 16104: 16100: 16095: 16094: 16085: 16070: 16063: 16057: 16042: 16038: 16031: 16029: 16027: 16025: 16023: 16007: 16003: 15999: 15995: 15994: 15989: 15983: 15967: 15963: 15959: 15955: 15949: 15942: 15938: 15933: 15917: 15913: 15907: 15900: 15895: 15888: 15883: 15868: 15866:9781438110127 15862: 15858: 15854: 15847: 15832: 15828: 15822: 15806: 15800: 15784: 15780: 15774: 15758: 15754: 15748: 15733: 15729: 15723: 15707: 15703: 15699: 15692: 15684: 15682:9780864424037 15678: 15674: 15673: 15666: 15650: 15646: 15640: 15632: 15628: 15623: 15618: 15613: 15608: 15604: 15600: 15599:PLOS Genetics 15596: 15588: 15572: 15568: 15564: 15557: 15549: 15545: 15539: 15523: 15519: 15513: 15497: 15493: 15489: 15483: 15467: 15463: 15457: 15441: 15437: 15431: 15412: 15405: 15399: 15383: 15379: 15373: 15357: 15353: 15349: 15342: 15334: 15330: 15326: 15322: 15318: 15314: 15310: 15306: 15299: 15280: 15273: 15267: 15251: 15247: 15241: 15230: 15226: 15222: 15215: 15208: 15202:, p. 33. 15201: 15196: 15189: 15184: 15168: 15164: 15160: 15153: 15134: 15127: 15120: 15101: 15097: 15090: 15084: 15082: 15065: 15061: 15057: 15051: 15035: 15031: 15025: 15009: 15005: 14998: 14982: 14978: 14972: 14956: 14952: 14946: 14930: 14926: 14920: 14904: 14900: 14896: 14889: 14873: 14869: 14863: 14861: 14844: 14840: 14836: 14830: 14814: 14810: 14804: 14797: 14785:. 10 May 2019 14784: 14783:National Post 14780: 14774: 14767: 14763: 14760: 14755: 14736: 14729: 14723: 14707: 14703: 14696: 14680: 14676: 14670: 14654: 14650: 14646: 14639: 14623: 14619: 14615: 14608: 14592: 14588: 14584: 14578: 14562: 14558: 14554: 14547: 14531: 14527: 14521: 14505: 14501: 14495: 14479: 14475: 14469: 14453: 14449: 14443: 14427: 14423: 14419: 14412: 14393: 14386: 14380: 14364: 14357: 14355: 14338: 14334: 14328: 14312: 14308: 14301: 14285: 14281: 14277: 14271: 14269: 14267: 14265: 14248: 14244: 14240: 14234: 14218: 14214: 14208: 14192: 14188: 14182: 14166: 14162: 14156: 14140: 14136: 14130: 14114: 14110: 14106: 14100: 14084: 14080: 14076: 14069: 14067: 14050: 14046: 14042: 14036: 14020: 14016: 14010: 13994: 13990: 13984: 13968: 13964: 13958: 13956: 13939: 13935: 13929: 13913: 13909: 13902: 13894: 13892:9780815727699 13888: 13884: 13877: 13861: 13857: 13850: 13834: 13830: 13826: 13820: 13801: 13794: 13788: 13772: 13768: 13762: 13746: 13742: 13741: 13736: 13730: 13722: 13716: 13712: 13708: 13704: 13703: 13698: 13692: 13676: 13672: 13666: 13650: 13646: 13640: 13636: 13635: 13627: 13611: 13607: 13601: 13585: 13581: 13577: 13570: 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12569: 12561: 12557: 12553: 12549: 12545: 12541: 12537: 12533: 12532: 12527: 12520: 12513: 12508: 12501: 12500:Albornoz 2006 12497: 12496: 12479: 12475: 12474:aljazeera.com 12471: 12464: 12448: 12444: 12440: 12433: 12417: 12413: 12409: 12402: 12383: 12376: 12370: 12354: 12350: 12344: 12333: 12326: 12322: 12321:Ramazani 1975 12317: 12310: 12306: 12301: 12290: 12286: 12281: 12274: 12269: 12262: 12258: 12254: 12250: 12245: 12238: 12234: 12229: 12222: 12217: 12210: 12205: 12198: 12193: 12186: 12181: 12165: 12161: 12155: 12139: 12135: 12131: 12127: 12122: 12114: 12098: 12094: 12090: 12084: 12065: 12058: 12052: 12046: 12042: 12039: 12035: 12032: 12029:Hugo Prieto. 12026: 12007: 12003: 12002: 12001:Freedom House 11994: 11988: 11972: 11968: 11964: 11958: 11951: 11947: 11944: 11939: 11931: 11925: 11921: 11914: 11898: 11894: 11890: 11886: 11882: 11878: 11874: 11870: 11866: 11862: 11855: 11847: 11843: 11839: 11835: 11831: 11827: 11823: 11819: 11812: 11796: 11792: 11788: 11784: 11780: 11776: 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10027: 10026:Russia Beyond 10022: 10015: 10008: 10003: 9996: 9995:Scheina 2003b 9991: 9989: 9987: 9985: 9983: 9981: 9979: 9977: 9975: 9958: 9954: 9953: 9948: 9944: 9940: 9939:Calero, Róger 9936: 9930: 9914: 9910: 9906: 9902: 9901: 9896: 9889: 9881: 9877: 9871: 9855: 9851: 9850: 9845: 9838: 9830: 9826: 9822: 9816: 9812: 9808: 9807: 9799: 9783: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9765: 9761: 9760: 9752: 9733: 9729: 9722: 9716: 9714: 9712: 9703: 9697: 9693: 9692: 9687: 9681: 9666: 9660: 9656: 9652: 9651: 9643: 9641: 9639: 9623: 9617: 9613: 9609: 9608: 9603: 9597: 9595: 9593: 9591: 9583: 9579: 9576: 9570: 9554: 9550: 9544: 9540: 9536: 9532: 9528: 9524: 9520: 9519:Grandin, Greg 9516: 9509: 9501: 9497: 9493: 9489: 9485: 9483:9780862101640 9479: 9475: 9471: 9465: 9459:, p. 67. 9458: 9453: 9445: 9441: 9435: 9426: 9410: 9406: 9400: 9394:, p. 55. 9393: 9392:Scheina 2003b 9388: 9372: 9368: 9364: 9358: 9342: 9338: 9332: 9328: 9324: 9323: 9318: 9312: 9310: 9308: 9291: 9287: 9281: 9277: 9276: 9268: 9260: 9253: 9246: 9241: 9234: 9229: 9222: 9217: 9215: 9213: 9193: 9189: 9182: 9176: 9160: 9156: 9150: 9146: 9142: 9141: 9136: 9130: 9124: 9120: 9115: 9107: 9105:0-313-30619-2 9101: 9097: 9093: 9089: 9083: 9067: 9063: 9062: 9061:History Today 9057: 9051: 9044: 9039: 9033: 9029: 9024: 9018: 9014: 9009: 9001: 8998: 8994: 8988: 8972: 8968: 8967: 8962: 8956: 8949: 8944: 8938: 8934: 8929: 8921: 8915: 8911: 8907: 8901: 8899: 8897: 8890: 8886: 8885:Horowitz 1988 8881: 8879: 8877: 8875: 8858: 8854: 8848: 8844: 8840: 8839: 8831: 8829: 8827: 8819: 8814: 8808: 8804: 8799: 8783: 8779: 8773: 8769: 8768:Potomac Books 8765: 8764: 8756: 8754: 8737: 8733: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8718: 8710: 8708: 8699: 8693: 8689: 8685: 8681: 8680: 8672: 8656: 8652: 8646: 8643:. p. 4. 8642: 8638: 8637: 8629: 8627: 8625: 8609: 8603: 8600:. p. 7. 8599: 8595: 8594: 8586: 8584: 8582: 8565: 8561: 8555: 8551: 8547: 8546: 8538: 8531: 8526: 8510: 8506: 8500: 8496: 8492: 8491: 8483: 8467: 8463: 8457: 8453: 8449: 8448: 8440: 8424: 8420: 8416: 8415: 8410: 8404: 8397: 8392: 8385: 8380: 8372: 8368: 8367:Miller Center 8364: 8358: 8352:, p. 64. 8351: 8346: 8330: 8326: 8320: 8316: 8312: 8311: 8306: 8302: 8298: 8292: 8276: 8272: 8268: 8262: 8246: 8242: 8240:9781285629544 8236: 8232: 8228: 8227: 8222: 8221:Gerstle, Gary 8218: 8214: 8207: 8191: 8187: 8181: 8177: 8173: 8172: 8164: 8148: 8144: 8138: 8134: 8130: 8129: 8121: 8119: 8102: 8098: 8092: 8088: 8084: 8077: 8075: 8073: 8071: 8063: 8059: 8054: 8047: 8043: 8038: 8022: 8018: 8014: 8008: 8001: 7996: 7980: 7976: 7972: 7966: 7959: 7955: 7950: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7925: 7920: 7913: 7906: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7889:. p. 21. 7888: 7884: 7880: 7874: 7867: 7863: 7858: 7851: 7845: 7838: 7832: 7825: 7820: 7812: 7806: 7802: 7798: 7791: 7783: 7777: 7773: 7766: 7758: 7752: 7748: 7741: 7733: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7713: 7705: 7701: 7695: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7680: 7676: 7672: 7668: 7664: 7660: 7659: 7654: 7650: 7643: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7633: 7616: 7612: 7608: 7602: 7600: 7598: 7596: 7594: 7586: 7581: 7574: 7569: 7562: 7557: 7550: 7544: 7538: 7537:1-85109-658-2 7534: 7530: 7526: 7523: 7522: 7515: 7507: 7501: 7497: 7496: 7488: 7472: 7468: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7453: 7448: 7442: 7436: 7432: 7427: 7408: 7404: 7397: 7391: 7383: 7377: 7374:. p. 8. 7373: 7369: 7362: 7356: 7352: 7347: 7338: 7332: 7328: 7324: 7323: 7315: 7306: 7300: 7296: 7292: 7288: 7287: 7279: 7271: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7253: 7252: 7244: 7236: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7217: 7209: 7201: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7160: 7152: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7094: 7092: 7090: 7081: 7077: 7073: 7067: 7051: 7047: 7043: 7037: 7021: 7017: 7011: 7009: 7007: 7005: 7003: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6977: 6970: 6964: 6948: 6944: 6937: 6935: 6919: 6918:economist.com 6915: 6908: 6906: 6889: 6885: 6884: 6878: 6873: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6811: 6806: 6799: 6783: 6779: 6778: 6773: 6766: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6736: 6728: 6722: 6718: 6714: 6709: 6708: 6702: 6698: 6692: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6668: 6657: 6650: 6644: 6637: 6633: 6630: 6625: 6623: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6592: 6576: 6572: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6543: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6494: 6489: 6482: 6466: 6462: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6447: 6442: 6436: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6413: 6406: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6380: 6364: 6360: 6354: 6348:, p. 678 6347: 6342: 6323: 6319: 6312: 6306: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6276: 6260: 6256: 6250: 6248: 6231: 6227: 6221: 6206: 6200: 6198: 6181: 6177: 6171: 6156: 6152: 6151: 6146: 6140: 6125: 6121: 6114: 6098: 6094: 6088: 6072: 6068: 6062: 6043: 6039: 6032: 6026: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5996: 5980: 5976: 5970: 5954: 5950: 5944: 5928: 5924: 5918: 5914: 5901: 5895: 5888: 5882: 5875: 5869: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5845: 5842: 5836: 5829: 5825: 5820: 5819:San Juan Hill 5816: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5798: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5769: 5760: 5751: 5744: 5738: 5731: 5730:Antonio Maceo 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5709: 5702: 5698: 5692: 5683: 5676: 5672: 5669:, found that 5668: 5664: 5658: 5651: 5647: 5641: 5634: 5628: 5619: 5613: 5609: 5603: 5594: 5588: 5580: 5579: 5568: 5561: 5536: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5507: 5498: 5494: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5455: 5450: 5447: 5436: 5433: 5422: 5415: 5413: 5409: 5408:Olympic Games 5405: 5404:national team 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5367: 5366:Sport in Cuba 5357: 5355: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5341: 5340: 5334: 5332: 5328: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5309:Cuban cuisine 5300: 5296: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5278: 5273: 5263: 5261: 5257: 5256:Salsa dancing 5253: 5251: 5247: 5246:Concert dance 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5221: 5211: 5208: 5204: 5198: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5154: 5144: 5140: 5131: 5122: 5112: 5111:Music of Cuba 5102: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5070:magic realism 5067: 5063: 5061: 5057: 5056:Miguel Barnet 5053: 5049: 5045: 5038: 5028: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5004: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4981: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4938: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4909: 4907: 4898: 4893: 4883: 4880: 4876: 4874: 4868: 4865: 4864:socioeconomic 4861: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4840: 4837: 4832: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4797:Cuban economy 4792: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4772: 4767: 4757: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4738: 4736: 4731: 4727: 4722: 4720: 4716: 4715:literacy rate 4712: 4708: 4700: 4696: 4691: 4681: 4679: 4674: 4672: 4668: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4636: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4621: 4618: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4605: 4604:folk religion 4601: 4598:In 2010, the 4593: 4589: 4584: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4535:Cuban Spanish 4530: 4529:Cuban Spanish 4520: 4518: 4514: 4508: 4506: 4501: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4477: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4456: 4452: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4406: 4402: 4387: 4385: 4381: 4380:Sahrawi Arabs 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4364:Yoruba people 4361: 4357: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4328: 4325: 4321: 4318:In fact, the 4316: 4314: 4313:one drop rule 4310: 4301: 4300:Baracoa, Cuba 4296: 4280: 4278: 4274: 4265: 4263: 4259: 4250: 4248: 4244: 4239: 4235: 4230: 4214: 4212: 4211:Pinar del Río 4209: 4207: 4206:Pinar del Río 4204: 4201: 4200: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4164: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4110: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4092: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4056: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3974: 3955: 3950: 3940: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3920: 3909: 3899: 3897: 3892: 3890: 3885: 3882: 3877: 3875: 3870: 3860: 3856: 3846: 3842: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3815: 3809: 3804: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3780: 3778: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3758: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3738: 3735:In 2016, the 3731: 3726: 3722: 3719: 3714: 3706: 3702: 3700: 3695: 3693: 3690:According to 3688: 3673: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3646: 3644: 3638: 3636: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3608: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3585: 3575: 3571: 3569: 3565: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3551:In 2003, the 3546: 3542: 3538: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3524:Women in Cuba 3521: 3515: 3505: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3488: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3473:Crime in Cuba 3468: 3458: 3456: 3451: 3449: 3444: 3442: 3437: 3435: 3431: 3421: 3411: 3407: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3384: 3382: 3378: 3370: 3365: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3323: 3313: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3224: 3219: 3217: 3216:Santo Domingo 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3200:Guinea-Bissau 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3156: 3150: 3136: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3052:Pinar del Río 3050: 3049: 3048: 3047: 3040: 3036: 3031: 3027: 3017: 3015: 3010: 3006: 3002: 3000: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2984: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2972:The Economist 2968: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2954: 2950: 2945: 2943: 2938: 2936: 2929: 2924: 2920: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2848: 2843: 2837: 2828: 2823: 2817: 2806: 2801: 2795: 2786: 2782: 2777: 2771: 2761: 2751: 2749: 2744: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2706: 2701: 2697: 2696:national bird 2693: 2689: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2632: 2628: 2623: 2614: 2611: 2606: 2602: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2583: 2578: 2568: 2566: 2561: 2559: 2558:Pico Turquino 2555: 2551: 2547: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2459:Caribbean Sea 2456: 2447: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2366:Patria y Vida 2363: 2358: 2356: 2351: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2302: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2257: 2244: 2240: 2232: 2229:Cuban leader 2227: 2223: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2204: 2203:Hudson Austin 2200: 2196: 2190: 2188: 2187:Golan Heights 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2166: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2140: 2136: 2129: 2121: 2117: 2110: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2088: 2079: 2077: 2074:in Ethiopia ( 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2032: 2027: 2023: 2020: 2016: 2015:World War III 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1981: 1977: 1968: 1963: 1959: 1957: 1954:According to 1952: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1922: 1917: 1909: 1908:Alberto Korda 1905: 1901: 1897: 1888: 1886: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1865: 1864:military coup 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1832: 1830: 1824: 1822: 1821: 1815: 1810: 1800: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1759: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1675: 1665: 1655: 1653: 1648: 1647: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1601: 1596: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1581: 1576: 1572: 1571:Santo Domingo 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1486: 1484: 1479: 1475: 1465: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1410: 1401: 1396: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1381:George Keppel 1378: 1377:George Pocock 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1323: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1289:feudal system 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1237:and named it 1236: 1232: 1228: 1222: 1218: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1177: 1173: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1139: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1059:authoritarian 1056: 1052: 1048: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 932: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 873:Caribbean Sea 870: 866: 862: 861:4,195 islands 858: 854: 850: 846: 838: 835: 833: 829: 826: 823: 821: 820:ISO 3166 code 817: 814: 811: 809: 805: 801: 795: 791: 787: 781: 777: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 752: 748: 744: 728: 722: 718: 708: 702: 698: 694: 685: 679: 675: 666: 660: 656: 650: 646: 642: 636: 632: 626: 622: 618: 612: 608: 604: 600: 594: 590: 581: 575: 566: 560: 557: 553: 549: 543: 539: 535: 529: 526: 522: 518: 515:10 April 2019 514: 511: 505: 501: 498: 492: 488: 484: 478: 474: 470: 464: 460: 457: 451: 447: 444: 438: 434: 426: 423: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 401: 395: 391: 387: 384: 378: 375: 372: 368: 361: 358: 355: 352: 348: 342: 338: 335: 331: 327: 325: 321: 318: 315: 313: 309: 302: 300: 296: 294: 290: 288: 284: 283: 281: 274: 268: 264: 262: 258: 256: 252: 251: 249: 244: 240: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 218: 214: 211: 208: 204: 199: 170: 167: 160: 153: 148: 116: 115: 109: 105: 99: 98: 93: 89: 83: 77: 69: 63: 55: 49: 42: 33: 30: 26: 22: 22249:Eastern Bloc 22161: 22100: 22002:Fidel Castro 21528:Baranya–Baja 21497:Soviet Union 21477:East Germany 21250: 21175:Burkina Faso 20824: 20752:Sint Maarten 20680:Dependencies 20497: 20350:Pre-Arawakan 20333:Demographics 19798:(1500s–1830) 19539:Cape Verdean 19512:Demographics 19368:Universities 19338:Architecture 19253:Central bank 19246:Cooperatives 19189:Intelligence 19049:Human rights 19019:Constitution 18808:World War II 18776: 18717: 18656: 18629: 18611:(in Spanish) 18587: 18563: 18540: 18514: 18511:Thomas, Hugh 18487: 18471:. Retrieved 18464:the original 18448: 18418: 18412: 18386: 18374: 18355: 18332: 18313: 18290: 18265: 18244: 18216: 18188: 18185: 18162: 18132:(1): 45–88. 18129: 18125: 18092: 18086: 18064:(1): 36–54. 18061: 18057: 18030: 17995: 17991: 17973:(5): 64–74. 17970: 17964: 17952:. Retrieved 17945:the original 17929: 17912:. Retrieved 17890: 17866: 17843: 17815: 17794: 17769: 17740: 17727:. Retrieved 17720:the original 17704: 17687:. Retrieved 17675: 17662:. Retrieved 17655:the original 17635: 17611: 17568: 17562: 17550:Bibliography 17536:. Retrieved 17526: 17517: 17507: 17498: 17489: 17482:Cuban Sports 17477: 17470:Alvarez 2001 17465: 17453:. Retrieved 17426: 17414:. Retrieved 17405: 17393:. Retrieved 17383: 17375:the original 17361: 17353:the original 17346: 17337: 17325:. Retrieved 17315: 17295: 17288: 17280: 17275: 17267: 17262: 17257:. La Habana. 17254: 17249: 17229: 17222: 17210:. Retrieved 17205: 17196: 17177: 17171: 17159:. Retrieved 17155: 17146: 17135: 17123:. 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Cia.gov. 5959:7 September 5933:14 February 5524:Secretariat 5432:Cuba portal 5344:Cuban bread 5260:Cuban salsa 5234:cha-cha-cha 5170:salsa music 5166:cha-cha-chá 5021:Mexico City 5017:skyscrapers 5013:Berlin Wall 5011:. When the 4985:the Capitol 4730:polytechnic 4726:pedagogical 4640:syncretisms 4470:population. 4451:Cuban exile 4395:Immigration 4368:Congo basin 4360:Afro-Cubans 4324:Afro-Cubans 4121:Villa Clara 4116:Santa Clara 3889:sex tourism 3863:1.9 million 3847:resort area 3628:Cuban pesos 3293:White House 3233:Raúl Castro 3186:during the 3082:Villa Clara 2999:Raúl Castro 2909:Secretariat 2491:The Bahamas 2481:. 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15657:2016 15627:PMID 15579:2019 15530:2020 15504:2021 15474:2013 15448:2013 15422:2012 15390:2014 15364:2014 15321:ISSN 15290:2013 15258:2006 15175:2009 15144:2009 15111:2013 15072:2013 15042:2021 15016:2021 14989:2021 14963:2021 14937:2021 14911:2022 14880:2021 14851:2022 14821:2021 14791:2019 14746:2014 14714:2014 14687:2018 14661:2017 14630:2021 14599:2021 14569:2021 14538:2010 14512:2013 14486:2013 14460:2009 14434:2015 14403:2006 14371:2009 14345:2006 14319:2009 14292:2009 14255:2014 14225:2024 14199:2024 14173:2024 14147:2024 14121:2023 14091:2022 14057:2022 14027:2022 14001:2013 13975:2013 13946:2016 13920:2022 13887:ISBN 13868:2022 13841:2016 13811:2009 13779:2014 13753:2021 13715:ISBN 13683:2022 13657:2016 13639:ISBN 13618:2009 13592:2024 13561:2023 13531:2013 13488:2019 13462:2021 13432:2019 13402:2009 13370:2021 13340:2022 13314:2022 13283:2014 13257:2021 13227:2013 13201:2022 13175:ISBN 13142:2022 13109:2009 13083:2023 13035:2023 13005:2023 12975:2023 12944:2017 12928:ISSN 12905:2015 12879:2015 12852:2015 12821:2015 12790:2015 12763:2015 12732:2015 12701:2015 12670:2015 12639:2015 12612:2009 12586:2009 12486:2013 12455:2013 12424:2013 12393:2009 12361:2013 12253:62–3 12172:2021 12146:2017 12130:ISSN 12105:2014 12075:2009 12017:2021 11979:2017 11924:ISBN 11905:2021 11881:ISSN 11834:ISSN 11803:2022 11779:ISSN 11744:2021 11720:ISSN 11673:ISSN 11642:2015 11612:2009 11583:2021 11551:ISBN 11522:2012 11430:PMID 11412:ISSN 11364:PMID 11346:ISSN 11304:ISBN 11283:2012 11247:2012 11211:2012 11181:2017 11151:2017 11095:2017 11065:2022 11035:2021 11004:2021 10973:2023 10943:2023 10917:2021 10891:2023 10859:2023 10823:2021 10789:2023 10763:2014 10694:2024 10657:ISBN 10645:Cuba 10565:2013 10539:2013 10513:2009 10483:2008 10457:2008 10431:2008 10385:2009 10323:PMID 10247:ISBN 10223:2021 10184:ISBN 10134:1979 10119:2013 10083:2020 10039:2020 9965:2020 9921:2020 9862:2023 9825:OCLC 9815:ISBN 9790:2021 9774:OCLC 9764:ISBN 9743:2017 9696:ISBN 9672:2013 9659:ISBN 9650:Cuba 9629:2013 9616:ISBN 9561:2015 9543:ISBN 9488:OCLC 9478:ISBN 9417:2021 9379:2020 9349:2013 9331:ISBN 9298:2013 9280:ISBN 9203:2021 9167:2009 9149:ISBN 9100:ISBN 9074:2017 8979:2013 8966:Time 8914:ISBN 8910:Cuba 8865:2013 8847:ISBN 8790:2013 8772:ISBN 8744:2013 8726:ISBN 8692:ISBN 8663:2013 8645:ISBN 8615:2013 8602:ISBN 8572:2009 8554:ISBN 8517:2009 8499:ISBN 8474:2013 8456:ISBN 8431:2009 8337:2009 8319:ISBN 8283:2007 8253:2020 8235:ISBN 8198:2009 8180:ISBN 8155:2009 8137:ISBN 8109:2009 8091:ISBN 8029:2007 7987:2007 7941:2021 7805:ISBN 7776:ISBN 7751:ISBN 7726:ISBN 7623:2017 7533:ISBN 7500:ISBN 7479:2017 7461:ISBN 7418:2013 7376:ISBN 7331:ISBN 7299:ISBN 7264:ISBN 7229:ISBN 7196:ISSN 7147:PMID 7129:ISSN 7058:2017 7028:2023 6987:2023 6955:2013 6925:2015 6896:2017 6851:2021 6827:ISSN 6790:2021 6757:2021 6721:ISBN 6717:1–10 6685:ISBN 6613:2020 6583:2021 6565:ISBN 6534:2021 6510:ISSN 6473:2023 6455:ISBN 6401:2017 6371:2017 6333:2024 6297:2013 6267:2024 6238:2018 6212:2018 6188:2023 6162:2023 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