863:
the election but counting one whose nomination was late (and who was elected). Those elected were Carlos Gómez Martínez (Spain), Changrok Soh (Republic of Korea), Imeru
Tamerat Yigezu (Ethiopia), Mahjoub El Haiba (Morocco), José Manuel Santos Pais* (Portugal), Tania María Abdo Rocholl* (Paraguay), Wafaa Ashraf Moharram Bassim (Egypt), Kobauyah Tchamdja Kpatcha (Togo), and Marcia V.J. Kran* (Canada). Asterisks denote sitting members who were re-elected. David H. Moorre (United States) won an additional, contested "by-election" held on the same date, to elect a member to complete the term ending December 31, 2020, of Ilze Brands Kehris (Latvia), who had resigned effective December 31, 2019, upon her appointment as UN Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights.
914:
the state a list of issues to address, and the state's report must only answer the questions raised in that list of issues. The
Committee subsequently adopted the simplified reporting procedure on a pilot basis, although it remains an optional alternative to the "regular" procedure, i.e., submission of a full report. At its 124th session in 2018, the Committee decided to adopt the simplified reporting procedure on a permanent basis, and to encourage all states to switch to simplified reporting. It also decided to strive to limit the number of questions in each list of issues to 25. In 2019, the Committee decided to make the simplified reporting procedure the default, changing a state's selection of it from an opt-in to an opt-out model.
1003:
submit its observations within six months, under
Article 4 of the First Optional Protocol. Once the State replies to the complaint, the complainant is offered an opportunity to comment, within a set time frame. If the Committee concludes that a violation of the ICCPR has taken place, in its follow-up procedure the Committee invites the State to provide information within 180 days on its steps to implement the Committee's recommendations. The State’s response is transmitted to the complainant for comments. If the State party fails to take appropriate action, the Committee keeps the case under consideration. Thus, the Committee maintains a dialogue with the State party and the case remains open until satisfactory measures are taken.
611:
5977:
477:
531:
741:
1554:
of article 19, paragraph 3, as well as such articles as 2, 5, 17, 18 and 26. Thus, for instance, it would be impermissible for any such laws to discriminate in favor of or against one or certain religions or belief systems, or their adherents over another, or religious believers over non-believers. Nor would it be permissible for such prohibitions to be used to prevent or punish criticism of religious leaders or commentary on religious doctrine and tenets of faith.
341:
consideration "to the usefulness of the participation of some persons having legal experience." Also according to
Article 28, the members serve in their individual capacity, rather than as representatives of their countries. As stated in Articles 29 and 30 of the ICCPR, they are elected by a meeting of the states parties to the ICCPR held at UN Headquarters. Based on Article 32, they serve four-year terms, with one-half of their number elected every second year.
6003:
689:
451:
397:
821:
371:
663:
583:
503:
73:
715:
175:
637:
423:
32:
795:
767:
557:
963:(currently 116 countries) have agreed to allow persons within their jurisdiction to submit complaints ("individual communications") to the Committee claiming that their rights under the ICCPR have been violated. The ICCPR is one of eight UN human rights treaties with individual complaints procedures available; two other treaties state such procedures that are not yet in force.
940:
Equatorial Guinea's initial report was 30 years overdue. That Annex also listed thirteen states whose periodic reports were ten years or more overdue, with
Afghanistan's overdue by 22 years, and Nigeria's overdue by 19; ten states whose periodic reports were five to ten years overdue; and 28 states whose periodic reports were overdue by less than five years.
5074:
871:
was late. Those elected were Yadh Ben Achour* (Tunisia), Christopher Bulkan (Guyana), Photini
Pazartzis* (Greece), Hélène Tigroudja (France), Hernán Quezada Cabrera (Chile), Gentian Zyberi (Albania), Vasilka Sancin (Slovenia), Shuichi Furuya (Japan), and Duncan Muhumuza Laki* (Uganda). Asterisks denote sitting members who were re-elected.
913:
In July 2010, the
Committee proposed a new optional reporting procedure called the "List of Issues Prior to Reporting" (LOIPR) or "Simplified Reporting Procedure". Under this system, instead of the state submitting a full report on its implementation of each article of the ICCPR, the Committee sends
870:
On June 14, 2018, the States parties to the ICCPR met and elected nine members of the
Committee, to replace those whose terms would expire at the end of 2018. There were sixteen candidates for the nine positions, not counting two who were withdrawn shortly before the election and one whose nomination
846:
On June 17, 2022, the States parties to the ICCPR met in New York and elected nine members of the
Committee, to replace those whose terms would expire at the end of 2022. There were seventeen candidates for the nine positions, including one whose nomination was late. Those elected were Yvonne Donders
1845:
1563:
The
Covenant provides for inter-State complaints "that enables one State Party to charge another with a violation to the treaty." "o interstate complaint mechanism has yet been submitted" (up to 2009). This is still a matter of jurisdiction and it is optional to the committee of whether or not they
1553:
Prohibitions of displays of lack of respect for a religion or other belief system, including blasphemy laws, are incompatible with the Covenant, except in the specific circumstances envisaged in article 20, paragraph 2, of the Covenant. Such prohibitions must also comply with the strict requirements
1002:
Individual communications that contain the necessary prima facie elements are referred to the Committee’s Special Rapporteur on New Communications and Interim Measures, who decides whether the case should be registered. At that point, the case is transmitted to the State party, which is requested to
935:
One set of weaknesses is inherent to a system of self-reporting. Though in theory, reports should be an honest appraisal, constructive criticism of perceived failures to adhere to Covenant principles is unlikely. The Centre for Civil and Political Rights, an NGO, states that "State reports often .
926:
NGOs and other civil society organizations play a crucial role in the reporting process. Any NGO, regardless of accreditation, may submit its own reports (sometimes called "shadow reports") to the Committee, comment on state reports, and attend all Committee sessions as observers. Furthermore, the
862:
On September 17, 2020 (postponed from June 15, 2020), the States parties to the ICCPR met and elected nine members of the Committee, to replace those whose terms would expire at the end of 2020. There were fourteen candidates for the nine positions, not counting two who were withdrawn shortly before
340:
The ICCPR states the basic rules for the membership of the Human Rights Committee. Article 28 of the ICCPR states that the Committee is composed of 18 members from states parties to the ICCPR, "who shall be persons of high moral character and recognized competence in the field of human rights", with
917:
In July 2019 the Committee decided to move, beginning in 2020, to an eight-year "Predictable Review Cycle" (PRC), under which it would schedule one review for each state party (including those states that failed to report). This cycle involves a five-year review process, and a three-year interval
1534:
The Committee has circulated a draft of its next, forthcoming General Comment, General Comment 37 on ICCPR Article 21, the right of peaceful assembly, seeking public comments on the draft by an extended deadline of February 21, 2020. The draft has been criticized for its reliance on decisions of
939:
Late reporting and non-reporting by states is another problem. The Committee's annual report through March 2019 stated that fifteen states' "initial reports are overdue, of which 7 are overdue by between 5 and 10 years and 8 are overdue by 10 years or more." The report's Annex IV listed them;
1029:
The Committee has received thousands of complaints since its inception. A few of its decisions that are notable are listed below, in reverse chronological order. Among more recent decisions that attracted press and academic attention, in two October 2018 decisions the Committee concluded that
892:
All states parties to the ICCPR have an obligation "to submit reports on the measures they have adopted which give effect to the rights recognized and on the progress made in the enjoyment of those rights." The Human Rights Committee is responsible for "study" and responding to those reports
909:
Following the submission of a state's report, representatives of the state appear before the Committee in Geneva or New York to discuss the report, in an in-person constructive dialogue which is generally webcast live on UN Web TV. Following this dialogue, the Committee drafts and adopts its
883:
The Committee meets three times a year for four-week sessions (spring session at UN headquarters in New York, summer and fall sessions at the UN Office in Geneva). The categories of its work, outlined below, include state reporting, individual complaints, general comments, and inter-state
1543:, in a section headed "The death penalty." One commentator has stated that its description of how the right to life applies during situations of armed conflict and its statement of the relationship between international human rights law and international humanitarian law are noteworthy.
971:
Before considering the merits (substance) of an individual communication, the Committee must be satisfied that it is admissible. The Committee may review many factors in determining admissibility and may conclude that, for an individual communication to be admissible, it must:
4339:
301:(ICCPR). The Committee meets for three four-week sessions per year to consider the periodic reports submitted by the 173 States parties to the ICCPR on their compliance with the treaty, and any individual petitions concerning the 116 States parties to the ICCPR's
1006:
The Committee considers individual communications in closed session, but its decisions ("Views") and any follow-up are public. Given the large number of complaints, several years may elapse between submission of a complaint and the Committee’s decision on it.
910:
concluding observations, a document including positive aspects, subjects of concern, and suggestions and recommendations. Subsequently, under its follow-up procedure, the Committee assesses whether certain recommendations have been fulfilled within one year.
976:
be submitted by an individual victim whose rights have been personally violated, or be submitted with sufficient authorization of such an individual, or otherwise justify the reasons for being submitted on behalf of another. The Communication cannot be
5599:
4299:
1538:
The Committee's most recent General Comment (of October 30, 2018) was General Comment 36 on ICCPR Article 6, on the right to life (replacing General Comments 6 and 14, of 1982 and 1984, respectively). Of its seventy paragraphs, twenty address
893:
submitted by states. States parties must submit an initial report within one year of the ICCPR's entry into force, and subsequent periodic reports as requested by the Committee. This reporting system is mandated by Article 40 of the ICCPR.
4224:
5885:
5109:
331:
composed of persons, established by the ICCPR, and discussing matters pertaining only to that treaty. The Human Rights Committee is often referred to as CCPR (Committee on Civil and Political Rights) in order to avoid that confusion.
5683:
5434:
4234:
5429:
5471:
4319:
960:
302:
4204:
896:
The frequency of the periodic reports was formerly about every five years, but starting in 2020 is every eight years. The UN has published guidance for states on reporting to the Committee and other human rights
936:. . fail to describe the implementation of the Covenant in practice" and "frequently lack an honest evaluation of the difficulties the State faces in implementing the rights guaranteed under the Covenant."
4189:
4086:
866:
On August 28, 2018, Andreas B. Zimmermann (Germany) won an uncontested by-election to complete the term ending December 31, 2020, of Anja Seibert-Fohr (Germany), who had resigned effective March 1, 2018.
5476:
4199:
2586:
3579:
944:, a UK-based NGO, asserts that "there remains a relatively low level of engagement and implementation of recommendations" on the part of States, and that the level of States compliance with
5446:
5496:
3499:
1549:
In July 2011, the UN Human Rights Committee adopted a 52-paragraph statement, General Comment 34 on ICCPR Article 19, concerning freedoms of opinion and expression. Paragraph 48 states:
5456:
1034:, the full-face Islamic veil, violated human rights guaranteed under the ICCPR, in particular the rights to manifest one's religion or beliefs and to protection against discrimination.
5099:
3888:
3700:
901:. The principal purpose of the report is to promote state compliance with the treaty principles and it should be an "honest appraisal of their conformity to the treaty obligations".
5755:
4761:
918:
before the next review process begins. All states parties were divided into 8 groups of 21-22 states each, with the reporting process to start for each group on a different year.
5037:
4048:
4015:
1994:"Human Rights Committee, Focused reports based on replies to lists of issues prior to reporting (LOIPR): Implementation of the new optional reporting procedure (LOIPR procedure)"
327:
composed of states, established by a UN General Assembly resolution and the UN Charter, and discussing the entire range of human rights concerns; the Human Rights Committee is a
5153:
4741:
3779:
2993:
4309:
4249:
4112:
2560:
2212:
5491:
5631:
4657:
4608:
3074:
5571:
5419:
3089:
3079:
4626:
3005:
20:
5143:
5079:
5032:
4796:
4118:
3913:
3524:
983:
relate to events that occurred after entry into force of the First Optional Protocol for the state in question (with some exceptions, developed by the Committee);
5481:
5297:
4334:
5780:
5466:
4591:
3693:
3519:
3504:
3069:
2688:
2634:
90:
45:
6028:
5760:
5346:
4948:
4214:
1750:
5713:
5663:
5461:
5064:
5007:
4677:
4244:
4156:
4135:
4041:
3868:
3769:
298:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5486:
5380:
5002:
3873:
3199:
5770:
5451:
5329:
4908:
4854:
4771:
4687:
4672:
3810:
196:
189:
5906:
5049:
4766:
3686:
3667:
3529:
3084:
239:
137:
5324:
5104:
4596:
4562:
4483:
4408:
3918:
3514:
3414:
211:
109:
5880:
5524:
5519:
5375:
4873:
4279:
4124:
4034:
3509:
2713:
6023:
5148:
5054:
4545:
4474:
4239:
3574:
5812:
5576:
5089:
5084:
5059:
4923:
4746:
4697:
4574:
4550:
4383:
3883:
3815:
1896:
1580:
Jakob Th. Möller/Alfred de Zayas, The United Nations Human Rights Committee Case Law 1977-2008, N.P.Engel Publishers, Kehl/Strasbourg, 2009,
218:
116:
5212:
5841:
5775:
5319:
4806:
4393:
3459:
3449:
3444:
3174:
2587:"The UN Human Rights Committee Disagrees with the European Court of Human Rights Again: The Right to Manifest Religion by Wearing a Burqa"
5133:
4388:
4209:
3479:
3464:
3399:
3389:
3219:
3094:
5868:
5802:
5514:
5441:
5424:
4786:
4736:
4662:
4603:
4539:
4145:
4097:
3948:
3908:
3549:
3334:
3319:
3149:
3134:
2778:
1161:
225:
123:
51:
5160:
4868:
4647:
4586:
4194:
4140:
3972:
3933:
3835:
3554:
3469:
3349:
3274:
3254:
3249:
3119:
2609:"Draft General Comment No. 37 on Article 21 (Right of Peaceful Assembly) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
2346:
320:
1339:
5874:
5708:
4995:
4933:
4893:
4781:
4445:
4010:
3569:
3494:
3404:
3359:
3304:
3224:
3184:
3164:
1531:
To date the Committee has issued 36 "General Comments", each of which provides detailed guidance on particular parts of the ICCPR.
2774:
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty
2759:
Members of the Committee - Internet Archive Page providing historical Committee membership on numerous dates between 2004 and 2013
2758:
2371:
1026:
All Committee decisions on individual complaints are available in online compilations published by UN, NGO, and academic sources.
1010:
Information on the process and how to use it, including examples and guidelines for submitting complaints, is available from some
207:
105:
4682:
4535:
4465:
3830:
3621:
3591:
3559:
3544:
3434:
3394:
3379:
3374:
3339:
3289:
3244:
3179:
3159:
3154:
3139:
3124:
3114:
3109:
3099:
2659:
5314:
5237:
5094:
5069:
4514:
4107:
4057:
3539:
3534:
3489:
3439:
3424:
3409:
3369:
3354:
3329:
3294:
3229:
3189:
3169:
3104:
3044:
2805:
875:
of the United States was not elected, in reportedly "a first-ever defeat of a US candidate for the UN Human Rights Committee."
5921:
5824:
5790:
5693:
5673:
5604:
5392:
5363:
5341:
5232:
5165:
4953:
4898:
4219:
4091:
3820:
3662:
3564:
3484:
3474:
3384:
3344:
3324:
3309:
3299:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3239:
3234:
3214:
3204:
3194:
1585:
1246:
1208:
951:
Other widely noted problems include the backlog of the Committee and the heavy burden on states, particularly small states.
5745:
5368:
5138:
4724:
4709:
4692:
3938:
3840:
3764:
3429:
3419:
3284:
3279:
3209:
5836:
5831:
5255:
5123:
4985:
4888:
4811:
4751:
4326:
4294:
3789:
3129:
2071:"Human Rights Committee, Decision on additional measures to simplify the reporting procedure and increase predictability"
1725:
316:
2184:
2155:
5957:
5202:
4990:
4980:
4652:
4615:
4403:
4304:
3713:
3144:
2946:
2537:
5942:
5626:
5358:
5227:
4958:
4938:
4878:
4863:
4130:
3943:
3893:
3741:
3717:
3657:
2951:
1855:
276:
258:
156:
59:
2423:"Model Complaint Form, for communication under [First] Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, the CAT, or the CERD"
2302:
856:
442:
5853:
5022:
2779:
Status of ICCPR (signatures, ratifications, reservations, declarations, etc.) from United Nations Treaty Collection
1202:
Conviction of opposition leader accompanied with unfair trial, unlawful detention, inhuman conditions of detention
232:
130:
1114:
851:* (France), Bacre Waly Ndiaye (Senegal), Tijana Šurlan (Serbia), Koji Teraya (Japan), Farid Ahmadov (Azerbaijan),
5609:
5027:
5012:
4581:
4557:
3878:
3794:
2976:
2905:
2895:
1967:
1227:
1395:
6033:
5207:
4731:
4667:
4569:
4366:
4285:
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol)
4190:
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
4177:
3923:
3825:
3364:
3314:
2189:
1546:
In December 2014 the Committee issued General Comment 35 on ICCPR Article 9, "liberty and security of person".
941:
323:. Whereas the Human Rights Council (since June 2006) and the Commission on Human Rights (before that date) are
94:
1059:
5901:
5819:
5740:
5698:
5658:
5586:
5267:
5192:
5177:
4506:
4344:
3959:
3000:
2422:
3678:
2021:
1294:
5807:
5668:
4438:
3774:
3454:
3064:
2910:
2045:
859:(Costa Rica), and Hernán Quezada Cabrera* (Chile). Asterisks denote sitting members who were re-elected.
4883:
4702:
4320:
Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)
3652:
2900:
2267:
1461:
5042:
5993:
5678:
5641:
5636:
5222:
4970:
4642:
4530:
2798:
1638:"Protecting refugees and asylum seekers under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
1507:
927:
Committee often holds a closed meeting with interested NGOs as part of its review of a state's report.
306:
2070:
1922:
5411:
5397:
5285:
4928:
4833:
4816:
4487:
3898:
2510:
2773:
5703:
5688:
5273:
4345:
on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)
3982:
2768:
2396:
2324:
1793:
1479:
5648:
4431:
4314:
4102:
3736:
3642:
3039:
1623:
185:
83:
2763:
2608:
2347:"Drafting Complaints to the United Nations Human Rights Committee and Committee against Torture"
1993:
1775:
1657:
5735:
5197:
4918:
4225:
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
3586:
3049:
2988:
2971:
2879:
2740:
Buergenthal, Shelton and Stewart, International Human Rights in a Nutshell, 4th edition, p. 61.
2092:
1682:
872:
2753:
5962:
5934:
5926:
5723:
5621:
5334:
4776:
4497:
4151:
3967:
3647:
2835:
2791:
2689:"The Human Rights Committee's General Comment No. 36 and the Right to Life in Armed Conflict"
1321:
848:
786:
5765:
1303:
1275:
5952:
5916:
5911:
5863:
5594:
4843:
4229:
4081:
2981:
2830:
2022:"Human Rights Committee, Summary of Position Paper on 2020 as Updated in the 126th Session"
1819:
1597:
5684:
International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World
2635:"The Use of Regional Jurisprudence in UN Draft General Comment on the Freedom of Assembly"
1170:
992:
not be under consideration by another international investigation or settlement procedure;
8:
5653:
4378:
4026:
2926:
1414:
4469:
2538:"France: Banning the niqab violated two Muslim women's freedom of religion - UN experts"
1106:
5785:
4398:
4002:
3987:
3977:
3731:
3034:
1540:
1432:
4235:
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
5795:
5750:
5730:
5615:
5385:
5279:
5217:
5017:
4478:
3863:
2840:
1851:
1581:
1358:
1132:
602:
4230:
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid
2488:
5351:
5291:
5261:
4943:
4637:
4340:
on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
3746:
3054:
2769:
First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1189:
1077:
4200:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
6007:
4714:
4284:
1794:"Human Rights Committee: 36th Meeting of states parties (New York, 14 June 2018)"
1751:"Human Rights Committee: 38th Meeting of States parties (New York, 15 June 2020)"
852:
522:
5976:
1376:
1370:
Different levels of public funding for religious schools of different religions
1258:
Declaration by political party that Scientology is incompatible with membership
315:
The UN Human Rights Committee should not be confused with the more high-profile
4454:
3858:
3029:
2325:"Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
2213:"Human Rights Treaty Body Review 2020:Towards an Integrated Treaty Body System"
1015:
6017:
4087:
Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
3708:
2130:
1488:
898:
536:
312:, each responsible for overseeing the implementation of a particular treaty.
2466:
995:
not be precluded by a reservation to the ICCPR by the state in question; and
5981:
5858:
5718:
4719:
3710:
2869:
2825:
2814:
2372:"A guide for taking individual complaints to UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies"
2245:
1897:"Human Rights Committee Introduces Fixed Eight-Year State Review Schedule"
5947:
5761:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)
3601:
2874:
2864:
1707:
945:
694:
482:
309:
294:
6002:
2561:"French ban on full-face Islamic veil violates human rights: U.N. panel"
2156:"Report of the Human Rights Committee: 123rd, 124th, and 125th Sessions"
1847:
Diplomacy, The Only Legitimate Way Of Conducting International Relations
5848:
4913:
4016:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)
456:
402:
297:
composed of 18 experts, established by a 1966 human rights treaty, the
1637:
3626:
2220:
The Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights
1520:
Unlawful arrest, detention, torture, and trial of political activist
1183:
Detention of opposition leader, and conviction after an unfair trial
174:
72:
4838:
4826:
4205:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
3059:
1105:
Enforced disappearance and unfair trial of former Foreign Minister
826:
668:
376:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
1871:
1352:
Firing of teacher for controversial, allegedly religious opinions
1297:; establishment of voting districts disproportional to population
1031:
5756:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice
4423:
3616:
3611:
588:
508:
1240:
Denial of citizenship and deportation based on Holocaust denial
4903:
4821:
4791:
4756:
3928:
3903:
3889:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)
3780:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
3596:
2783:
2286:
800:
720:
616:
4250:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
4113:
Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
2046:"Simplified Reporting Procedure: The Predictable Review Cycle"
1923:"Documentation tools for State Parties and Permanent Missions"
998:
not be frivolous, vexatious, or otherwise an abuse of process.
4801:
4069:
3904:
UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
772:
642:
562:
428:
3874:
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR)
3869:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
3606:
1315:
Annulment of candidacy for election based on language test
904:
746:
4056:
2444:
2260:
1598:"Monitoring the core international human rights treaties"
1011:
954:
21:
United Nations human rights organization (disambiguation)
4119:
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
2303:"Human Rights Treaty Bodies - Individual Communications"
1776:"Human Rights Committee: 37th Meeting of States parties"
1658:"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
1460:
Arrest and banishment of persons including politician
930:
5991:
4215:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
4131:
Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity
3914:
UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)
2540:. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
2447:. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
2425:. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
2327:. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
2305:. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
2274:. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
1726:"39th Meeting of States parties & 2022 elections"
1535:
regional, as opposed to global, human rights bodies.
980:
relate to a right actually protected under the ICCPR;
5714:
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
5664:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
4310:
Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
4245:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
4136:
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
3770:
Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
2764:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
2736:
2734:
2185:"The United Nations Human Rights Committee Unpacked"
299:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
2718:
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
2667:
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
2489:"Decisions and Views of the Human Rights Committee"
2050:
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
1927:
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
1798:
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
1780:
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
1755:
UN Office of the high Commissioner for Human Rights
1730:
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
1687:
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
1662:
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
97:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5771:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
4364:
3580:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)
2660:"Advance unedited version, General Comment No, 36"
2481:
2415:
887:
5907:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
3944:Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
3668:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
2731:
1843:
6015:
4409:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
3831:European Committee for the Prevention of Torture
1768:
989:show that domestic remedies have been exhausted;
5881:World Federation of United Nations Associations
5376:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
4125:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
4011:International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
3811:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
1444:Criminalization of sexual contacts between men
1164:disenfranchising ethnic Germans and Hungarians
527:
4240:Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989
2491:. University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
2467:"Database of Human Rights Committee decisions"
2204:
1700:
4439:
4384:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
4042:
3694:
2799:
2268:"Human Rights Bodies - Complaints Procedures"
1743:
1718:
1558:
1426:Quebec laws requiring use of French language
1333:Policy prohibiting use of Afrikaans language
1221:Seizure and destruction of election leaflets
685:
473:
6029:United Nations organizations based in Geneva
5776:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
4394:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
4280:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
2148:
2063:
1590:
447:
393:
4389:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
4210:Convention on the Political Rights of Women
3949:UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT)
2240:
2238:
2236:
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5869:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
5781:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities
4446:
4432:
4146:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
4098:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
4049:
4035:
3816:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
3701:
3687:
2806:
2792:
2714:"General Comments, Human Rights Committee"
2686:
2364:
1652:
1650:
878:
817:
659:
367:
319:(HRC), or the predecessor of the HRC, the
4071:Declarations, manifestos, and resolutions
3884:UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
3836:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
2120:(Oxford University Press, 2010) at p. 161
1950:(Oxford University Press, 2010) at p. 150
1940:
1089:Law prohibiting termination of pregnancy
579:
499:
277:Learn how and when to remove this message
259:Learn how and when to remove this message
157:Learn how and when to remove this message
5298:Conference on International Organization
4300:Convention for the Prevention of Torture
2389:
2233:
2176:
1889:
1817:
905:Procedure, and recent procedural changes
791:
711:
607:
5213:Office international d'hygiène publique
3919:Commission on the Status of Women (CSW)
3909:Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
3894:International Labour Organization (ILO)
3500:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2469:. Centre for Civil and Political Rights
2248:. Centre for Civil and Political Rights
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1647:
1624:"United Nations Human Rights Committee"
1071:Failure to address pesticide poisoning
763:
633:
553:
419:
208:"United Nations Human Rights Committee"
106:"United Nations Human Rights Committee"
6016:
5008:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General
4108:Declaration of the Rights of the Child
4058:International human rights instruments
3934:UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)
3592:List of human rights abuses by country
3080:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017)
3045:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
2182:
2118:Textbook on International Human Rights
2040:
2038:
2014:
1948:Textbook on International Human Rights
1144:State's modification of person's name
955:Individual complaints to the Committee
737:
344:The current membership is as follows:
195:Please improve this article by adding
6024:United Nations Human Rights Committee
5922:UN television film series (1964–1966)
5674:International Narcotics Control Board
5605:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
5393:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
5364:Convention on the Rights of the Child
5342:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4427:
4363:
4266:
4220:Convention on the Rights of the Child
4175:
4174:
4157:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
4092:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4068:
4030:
3879:Organisation of American States (OAS)
3682:
3663:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2787:
2632:
2584:
2558:
2135:Centre for Civil and Political Rights
1972:International Justice Resource Center
1901:International Justice Resource Center
291:United Nations Human Rights Committee
5746:United Nations Postal Administration
5381:Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
5100:Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
3841:Inter-American Court of Human Rights
3765:Committee on the Rights of the Child
2687:Todeschini, Vito (21 January 2019).
2123:
1986:
1953:
1683:"Human Rights Committee: Membership"
1501:Alleged mistrial, prison conditions
1126:Expulsion from country of residence
961:First Optional Protocol to the ICCPR
921:
168:
95:adding citations to reliable sources
66:
25:
5149:Permanent representatives to the UN
5038:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs
4327:American Convention on Human Rights
3747:Truth and reconciliation commission
2585:Berry, Stephanie (3 January 2019).
2210:
2183:Denman, Claire (24 February 2020).
2085:
2035:
1708:"Human Rights Committee Membership"
1564:will accept such complaint or not.
1526:
931:Limitations of the reporting system
841:
13:
5958:Withdrawal from the United Nations
5144:Security Council Permanent members
4453:
4305:European Convention on Nationality
3090:during the Libyan civil war (2011)
2952:National human rights institutions
2947:List of human rights organisations
2377:. FLAC (Free Legal Advice Centres)
1820:"The UN Eyes a World With Less US"
1818:Crosette, Barbara (30 July 2018).
305:. The Committee is one of ten UN
14:
6045:
5943:United Nations in popular culture
5627:Expulsion from the United Nations
5572:General Assembly President (2016)
4295:Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
2747:
2633:Aswad, Evelyn (7 February 2020).
2352:. Open Society Justice Initiative
1604:. Office of the High Commissioner
1408:Law prohibiting Holocaust denial
41:This article has multiple issues.
6001:
5975:
4267:
3075:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp
2813:
1482:of prominent government critics
1389:Unlawful trial and imprisonment
819:
793:
765:
739:
713:
687:
661:
635:
609:
581:
555:
529:
501:
475:
449:
421:
395:
369:
173:
71:
30:
19:For simlarly named entites, see
5531:International Court of Justice
5080:Sport for Development and Peace
3939:UN Development Programme (UNDP)
3899:World Health Organization (WHO)
3200:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet
2906:Natural rights and legal rights
2896:Claim rights and liberty rights
2706:
2680:
2652:
2626:
2601:
2578:
2552:
2530:
2503:
2459:
2437:
2339:
2317:
2110:
1915:
1864:
1837:
1811:
1786:
888:State reporting under the ICCPR
82:needs additional citations for
49:or discuss these issues on the
5208:Permanent Court of Arbitration
5203:International Peace Conference
4570:International Court of Justice
4367:International humanitarian law
3826:European Court of Human Rights
3070:against Palestinians by Israel
2559:Miles, Tom (23 October 2018).
1675:
1630:
1616:
1574:
986:be sufficiently substantiated;
1:
5741:Sustainable Development Goals
5268:Declaration by United Nations
5193:International Telegraph Union
4335:to Prevent and Punish Torture
2403:. Stop Violence Against Women
1567:
1095:Shikhmuradova v. Turkmenistan
959:States that are party to the
948:recommendations is only 19%.
321:UN Commission on Human Rights
197:secondary or tertiary sources
5669:International Criminal Court
5105:UN organizations by location
3775:International Criminal Court
2911:Negative and positive rights
1060:Portillo Cáceres v. Paraguay
1021:
966:
416:Wafaa Ashraf Moharram Bassim
7:
5803:Security Council veto power
5110:Sexual Violence in Conflict
5033:Economic and Social Affairs
4604:Economic and Social Council
3929:UN Children's Fund (UNICEF)
3653:List of human rights awards
3525:in the United Arab Emirates
2901:Individual and group rights
2511:"0443671_factsheet_def.qxp"
2397:"UN Human Rights Committee"
1844:Mohammad Younus Fahim, Dr.
1602:United Nations Human Rights
1274:Conviction for calling for
10:
6050:
5854:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea
5679:International Day of Peace
5161:General Assembly Observers
4484:General Assembly President
4331:Inter-American Convention
4195:Convention against Torture
3924:UN Population Fund (UNFPA)
3575:of the Marcos dictatorship
2116:R. K. M. Smith,
1946:R. K. M. Smith,
1559:Inter-State Communications
1150:Bergauer v. Czech Republic
335:
18:
16:United Nations treaty body
5971:
5894:
5585:
5507:
5410:
5398:World Heritage Convention
5307:
5286:Dumbarton Oaks Conference
5248:
5185:
5176:
5122:
4996:General Assembly Building
4969:
4852:
4624:
4523:
4505:
4496:
4461:
4374:
4359:
4275:
4262:
4185:
4170:
4077:
4064:
3996:
3957:
3849:
3803:
3785:UN Human Rights Committee
3755:
3742:Human rights institutions
3724:
3635:
3520:in the State of Palestine
3505:in the Dominican Republic
3085:during the Gaddafi regime
3022:
2967:
2960:
2939:
2919:
2888:
2860:
2849:
2821:
2093:"State & NGO Reports"
734:Kobauyah Tchamdja Kpatcha
5704:Military Staff Committee
5043:Dag Hammarskjöld Library
4546:Deputy Secretary-General
4475:Deputy Secretary-General
3997:ICRC – organization with
3821:African Court of Justice
2445:"Jurisprudence database"
2246:"Human Rights Committee"
1968:"Human Rights Committee"
1278:from voting in election
364:Tania María Abdo Rocholl
5875:Woodrow Wilson Memorial
5837:UN International School
5832:UN Federal Credit Union
5813:Security Council reform
5649:Four Nations Initiative
5577:Security Council (2016)
5420:Security Council vetoes
4551:Under-Secretary-General
4103:Declaration of Montreal
3790:UN Human Rights Council
3737:Human rights commission
3643:History of human rights
3050:Enforced disappearances
3040:Crimes against humanity
879:Meetings and activities
656:José Manuel Santos Pais
317:UN Human Rights Council
303:First Optional Protocol
5825:Security Council mural
5791:Millennium Declaration
5736:SDG Publishers Compact
5198:Universal Postal Union
3587:Incitement to genocide
2880:Universal jurisdiction
2754:Human Rights Committee
873:Pierre-Richard Prosper
630:Hernán Quezada Cabrera
184:relies excessively on
6034:Quasi-judicial bodies
5963:Women in peacekeeping
5622:Drug control treaties
4152:Yogyakarta Principles
3968:Amnesty International
3648:List of global issues
2097:Claiming Human Rights
1454:241/1987 and 242/1987
1322:Diergaardt v. Namibia
550:Carlos Gómez Martínez
5917:United Nations Radio
5912:United Nations Medal
5864:University for Peace
5595:Bretton Woods system
5330:governed territories
5075:Developing Countries
4986:Secretariat Building
4855:Specialized agencies
4082:Brazilian Resolution
3999:special status based
3530:in the United States
3305:in Jammu and Kashmir
2851:Fundamental concepts
2131:"CCPR State Reports"
1872:"Meeting and events"
1469:Baboeram v. Suriname
1450:Bithashwiwa v. Zaire
1415:Ballantyne v. Canada
1115:Nystrom v. Australia
1030:France's ban on the
814:Imeru Tamerat Yigezu
325:UN political bodies:
91:improve this article
5689:International Years
5654:Genocide Convention
5090:Outer Space Affairs
5085:Disarmament Affairs
5050:Safety and Security
4991:Conference Building
4971:Secretariat offices
4616:Trusteeship Council
4379:Genocide Convention
3795:UN Security Council
3515:in the Soviet Union
3415:in Papua New Guinea
3065:Human rights abuses
3023:Human rights abuses
2927:Corporal punishment
2003:. 29 September 2010
1433:Toonen v. Australia
847:(The Netherlands),
5709:Official languages
5256:London Declaration
5065:Internal Oversight
5055:Palestinian Rights
4627:Funds, programmes,
4399:Geneva Conventions
4003:Geneva Conventions
3988:Human Rights First
3978:Human Rights Watch
3732:Human rights group
3510:in the Philippines
3035:Crime of apartheid
1626:. 14 January 2014.
1541:capital punishment
1480:"December murders"
1462:Étienne Tshisekedi
1420:359/1989, 385/1989
1304:Ignatāne v. Latvia
1284:Mátyus v. Slovakia
853:Laurence R. Helfer
523:Laurence R. Helfer
359:Year First Joined
5989:
5988:
5820:UN Art Collection
5796:Millennium Summit
5751:UN Block By Block
5731:Ralph Bunche Park
5699:UN laissez-passer
5659:UN Global Compact
5616:Delivering as One
5515:Secretary-General
5406:
5405:
5386:Indigenous Caucus
5280:Tehran Conference
5274:Moscow Conference
5249:Preparatory years
5218:League of Nations
5118:
5117:
5018:Palace of Nations
4720:UNEP/GRID-Arendal
4536:Secretary-General
4479:Amina J. Mohammed
4466:Secretary-General
4421:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4404:Hague Conventions
4355:
4354:
4258:
4257:
4178:International law
4166:
4165:
4024:
4023:
3864:Council of Europe
3676:
3675:
3658:Three generations
3018:
3017:
2935:
2934:
2401:hrlibrary.umn.edu
1974:. 14 January 2014
1586:978-3-88357-144-7
1524:
1523:
1359:Waldman v. Canada
1264:Svetik v. Belarus
1133:Raihman v. Latvia
1078:Mellet v. Ireland
922:NGO participation
857:Rodrigo A. Carazo
855:(United States),
839:
838:
576:Bacre Waly Ndiaye
443:Rodrigo A. Carazo
287:
286:
279:
269:
268:
261:
243:
167:
166:
159:
141:
64:
6041:
6006:
6005:
5997:
5982:World portal
5980:
5979:
5886:Biopiracy treaty
5472:Nagorno-Karabakh
5442:Security Council
5425:General Assembly
5352:Human Rights Day
5292:Yalta Conference
5262:Atlantic Charter
5183:
5182:
5139:Founding members
5060:Peace Operations
4944:World Bank Group
4638:Culture of Peace
4629:and other bodies
4582:Security Council
4558:General Assembly
4524:Principal organs
4503:
4502:
4470:António Guterres
4448:
4441:
4434:
4425:
4424:
4361:
4360:
4264:
4263:
4172:
4171:
4141:Paris Principles
4066:
4065:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4028:
4027:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3680:
3679:
3430:in Punjab, India
3055:Forced migration
2965:
2964:
2858:
2857:
2853:and philosophies
2808:
2801:
2794:
2785:
2784:
2741:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2664:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2515:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2376:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2351:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2299:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2242:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2217:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2160:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2127:
2121:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
1998:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1964:
1951:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1903:. 2 October 2019
1893:
1887:
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1790:
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1772:
1766:
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1747:
1741:
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1738:
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1704:
1698:
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1693:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1594:
1588:
1578:
1527:General Comments
1473:146/1983, et al.
1247:Arenz v. Germany
1107:Boris Şyhmyradow
1037:
1036:
884:communications.
849:Hélène Tigroudja
842:Recent elections
829:
825:
823:
822:
803:
799:
797:
796:
787:Hélène Tigroudja
775:
771:
769:
768:
749:
745:
743:
742:
723:
719:
717:
716:
697:
693:
691:
690:
671:
667:
665:
664:
645:
641:
639:
638:
619:
615:
613:
612:
603:Marcia V.J. Kran
591:
587:
585:
584:
565:
561:
559:
558:
539:
535:
533:
532:
511:
507:
505:
504:
496:Mahjoub El Haiba
485:
481:
479:
478:
459:
455:
453:
452:
431:
427:
425:
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405:
401:
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264:
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155:
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99:
75:
67:
56:
34:
33:
26:
6049:
6048:
6044:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6038:
6014:
6013:
6012:
6000:
5992:
5990:
5985:
5974:
5967:
5890:
5581:
5503:
5402:
5303:
5244:
5186:Preceding years
5172:
5125:
5114:
4973:and departments
4972:
4965:
4857:
4848:
4631:
4628:
4620:
4519:
4492:
4457:
4452:
4422:
4413:
4370:
4351:
4271:
4254:
4181:
4162:
4073:
4060:
4055:
4025:
4020:
4000:
3998:
3992:
3953:
3851:
3845:
3804:Regional bodies
3799:
3757:
3751:
3720:
3707:
3677:
3672:
3631:
3460:in South Africa
3450:in Sierra Leone
3445:in Saudi Arabia
3175:in Burkina Faso
3130:in Azad Kashmir
3014:
2956:
2931:
2915:
2884:
2854:
2852:
2845:
2836:Intersex people
2817:
2812:
2750:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2697:
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2020:
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2015:
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1996:
1992:
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1987:
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1529:
1162:"Beneš decrees"
1049:
1044:
1024:
969:
957:
933:
924:
907:
890:
881:
844:
820:
818:
794:
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688:
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476:
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396:
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370:
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338:
329:UN expert body:
283:
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202:
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190:primary sources
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163:
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143:
100:
98:
88:
76:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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5527:
5522:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5499:
5494:
5492:Western Sahara
5489:
5484:
5479:
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5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
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5195:
5189:
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5173:
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5170:
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5168:
5166:European Union
5158:
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5136:
5130:
5128:
5120:
5119:
5116:
5115:
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5052:
5047:
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5025:
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5015:
5010:
5005:
5003:Envoy on Youth
5000:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4977:
4975:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4961:
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4521:
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4509:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4488:Dennis Francis
4481:
4472:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4455:United Nations
4451:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4428:
4419:
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4406:
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4350:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4329:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4315:Social Charter
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4260:
4259:
4256:
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4013:
4007:
4005:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
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3954:
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3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
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3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3859:European Union
3855:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3807:
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3753:
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3750:
3749:
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3739:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3709:International
3706:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3683:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
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3609:
3604:
3599:
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3583:
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3562:
3557:
3552:
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3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3480:in Switzerland
3477:
3472:
3467:
3465:in South Korea
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3400:in North Korea
3397:
3392:
3390:in New Zealand
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3335:in Kyrgyzstan
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3220:in El Salvador
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3145:in Balochistan
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3095:in Afghanistan
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3030:Atrocity crime
3026:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2996:
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2810:
2803:
2796:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2749:
2748:External links
2746:
2743:
2742:
2730:
2705:
2679:
2651:
2625:
2600:
2577:
2551:
2529:
2502:
2480:
2458:
2436:
2414:
2388:
2363:
2338:
2316:
2285:
2259:
2232:
2211:Lhotske, Jan.
2203:
2175:
2163:United Nations
2147:
2122:
2109:
2084:
2062:
2034:
2013:
1985:
1952:
1939:
1914:
1888:
1863:
1856:
1836:
1810:
1785:
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1043:Communication
1041:
1023:
1020:
1016:United Nations
1000:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
968:
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470:Yvonne Donders
467:
466:
463:
460:
445:
439:
438:
435:
432:
417:
413:
412:
409:
406:
391:
387:
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285:
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267:
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181:
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79:
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65:
39:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6046:
6035:
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6019:
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5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
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5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5766:Treaty Series
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
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5707:
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5151:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5127:
5126:and observers
5121:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
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5073:
5071:
5070:Legal Affairs
5068:
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5063:
5061:
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5056:
5053:
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5048:
5044:
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4997:
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4139:
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4134:
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4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
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4083:
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4076:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4052:
4047:
4045:
4040:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3983:Emergency NGO
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3956:
3950:
3947:
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3912:
3910:
3907:
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3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3850:Multi-lateral
3848:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3756:International
3754:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3714:organisations
3712:
3704:
3699:
3697:
3692:
3690:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3550:in Uzbekistan
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3440:in the Russia
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3320:in Kazakhstan
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3150:in Bangladesh
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3135:in Azerbaijan
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
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3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
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3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
3001:South America
2999:
2997:
2995:
2994:North America
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:Organizations
2938:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
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2809:
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2737:
2735:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2668:
2661:
2655:
2640:
2639:Just Security
2636:
2629:
2614:
2613:www.ohchr.org
2610:
2604:
2589:. EJIL: Talk!
2588:
2581:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2539:
2533:
2519:
2512:
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2490:
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2402:
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2348:
2342:
2326:
2320:
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2298:
2296:
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2290:
2273:
2272:www.ohchr.org
2269:
2263:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2237:
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2214:
2207:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2179:
2164:
2157:
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2136:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2072:
2066:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2023:
2017:
2002:
1995:
1989:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1949:
1943:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1859:
1857:9781446697061
1853:
1849:
1848:
1840:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1756:
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1688:
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1500:
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1412:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1363:
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1348:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:Apportionment
1293:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1173:v. Kyrgyzstan
1172:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1027:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1004:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
975:
974:
973:
964:
962:
952:
949:
947:
943:
937:
928:
919:
915:
911:
902:
900:
899:treaty bodies
894:
885:
876:
874:
868:
864:
860:
858:
854:
850:
834:
831:
828:
816:
813:
812:
808:
805:
802:
790:
788:
785:
784:
780:
777:
774:
762:
759:
758:
754:
751:
748:
736:
733:
732:
728:
725:
722:
710:
708:Tijana Šurlan
707:
706:
702:
699:
696:
684:
681:
680:
676:
673:
670:
658:
655:
654:
650:
647:
644:
632:
629:
628:
624:
621:
618:
606:
604:
601:
600:
596:
593:
590:
578:
575:
574:
570:
567:
564:
552:
549:
548:
544:
541:
538:
537:United States
526:
524:
521:
520:
516:
513:
510:
498:
495:
494:
490:
487:
484:
472:
469:
468:
464:
461:
458:
446:
444:
441:
440:
436:
433:
430:
418:
415:
414:
410:
407:
404:
392:
390:Farid Ahmadov
389:
388:
384:
381:
378:
366:
363:
362:
358:
355:
352:
349:
348:
345:
342:
333:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
311:
310:treaty bodies
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
281:
278:
263:
260:
252:
241:
238:
234:
231:
227:
224:
220:
217:
213:
210: –
209:
205:
204:Find sources:
198:
192:
191:
187:
182:This article
180:
176:
171:
170:
161:
158:
150:
139:
136:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108: –
107:
103:
102:Find sources:
96:
92:
86:
85:
80:This article
78:
74:
69:
68:
63:
61:
54:
53:
48:
47:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
5973:
5935:
5927:
5873:
5719:Peacekeeping
5694:Interpreters
5614:
5315:Peacekeeping
5233:organization
5134:Full members
5095:Partnerships
4981:Headquarters
4703:peacekeeping
4365:
4269:Regional law
4268:
4176:
4070:
3784:
3758:institutions
3718:institutions
3711:human rights
3555:in Venezuela
3470:in Sri Lanka
3350:in Lithuania
3275:in Indonesia
3255:in Hong Kong
3250:in Guatemala
3120:in Australia
3110:in Argentina
2961:By continent
2889:Distinctions
2870:Positive law
2815:Human rights
2721:. Retrieved
2717:
2708:
2696:. Retrieved
2693:Opinio Juris
2692:
2682:
2670:. Retrieved
2666:
2654:
2642:. Retrieved
2638:
2628:
2616:. Retrieved
2612:
2603:
2591:. Retrieved
2580:
2568:. Retrieved
2564:
2554:
2542:. Retrieved
2532:
2521:. Retrieved
2517:
2505:
2493:. Retrieved
2483:
2471:. Retrieved
2461:
2449:. Retrieved
2439:
2427:. Retrieved
2417:
2405:. Retrieved
2400:
2391:
2379:. Retrieved
2366:
2354:. Retrieved
2341:
2329:. Retrieved
2319:
2307:. Retrieved
2276:. Retrieved
2271:
2262:
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