Hugo Grotius - Knowledge

1347: 1127: 1091: 1717: 1481: 40: 1729: 4790: 212: 1256: 612: 959: 8918: 1119:, where I have treated the matter in more detail...I may summarize my feelings thus: that the authorities should scrutinize God's Word so thoroughly as to be certain to impose nothing which is against it; if they act in this way, they shall in good conscience have control of the public churches and public worship – but without persecuting those who err from the right way." Because this stripped Church officials of any power some of their members (such as 8827: 6241: 1050: 8837: 8894: 8906: 4562: 451: 8852: 1034:, stuffed with references to ancient and modern authorities." When Grotius wrote asking for some notes "he received a treasure-house of ecclesiastical history. ...offering ammunition to Grotius, who gratefully accepted it". Around this time (April 1616) Grotius went to Amsterdam as part of his official duties, trying to persuade the civil authorities there to join Holland's majority view about church politics. 691:). Grotius sought to ground his defense of the seizure in terms of the natural principles of justice. In this, he had cast a net much wider than the case at hand; his interest was in the source and ground of war's lawfulness in general. The treatise was never published in full during Grotius' lifetime, perhaps because the court ruling in favor of the Company preempted the need to garner public support. 896:"who thundered loudly against the Leyden nomination and gaudily depicted Vorstius as a horrid heretic. He ordered his books to be publicly burnt in London, Cambridge, and Oxford, and he exerted continual pressure through his ambassador in the Hague, Ralph Winwood, to get the appointment cancelled." James began to shift his confidence from Oldenbarnevelt towards Maurice. 1634:

redemption of civilization from the main cause of all that misery; who thought out for Europe the precepts of right reason in international law; who made them heard; who gave a noble change to the course of human affairs; whose thoughts, reasonings, suggestions, and appeals produced an environment in which came an evolution of humanity that still continues.

664:) in the Company also objected to the forceful seizure on moral grounds, and of course, the Portuguese demanded the return of their cargo. The scandal led to a public judicial hearing and a wider campaign to sway public (and international) opinion. It was in this wider context that representatives of the Company called upon Grotius to draft a 4401: 672: 1703:

As far as politics is concerned, Grotius is most often considered not so much as having brought new ideas, but rather as one who has introduced a new way of approaching political problems. For Kingsbury and Roberts, "the most important direct contribution of lies in the way it systematically brings

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ashamed of; I observed that men rush to arms for slight causes, or no cause at all, and that when arms have once been taken up there is no longer any respect for law, divine or human; it is as if, in accordance with a general decree, frenzy had openly been let loose for the committing of all crimes.

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Fully convinced...that there is a common law among nations, which is valid alike for war and in war, I have had many and weighty reasons for undertaking to write upon the subject. Throughout the Christian world I observed a lack of restraint in relation to war, such as even barbarous races should be

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In 1631 he tried to return to Holland, but the authorities remained hostile to him. He moved to Hamburg in 1632. But as early as 1634, the Swedes - a European superpower - sent him to Paris as ambassador. He remained ten years in this position where he had the mission to negotiate for Sweden the end

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The work is twenty-seven pages long, is "polemical and acrimonious" and only two-thirds of it speaks directly about ecclesiastical politics (mainly of synods and offices). The work met with a violent reaction from the Counter-Remonstrants, and "It might be said that all Grotius' next works until his

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Leiden University "was under the authority of the States of Holland – they were responsible, among other things, for the policy concerning appointments at this institution, which was governed in their name by a board of Curators – and, in the final instance, the States were responsible for

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between Catholic and Protestant European nations (Catholic France being in the otherwise Protestant camp), it is not surprising that Grotius was deeply concerned with matters of conflicts between nations and religions. His most lasting work, begun in prison and published during his exile in Paris,

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The conflict between Maurice and the States of Holland, led by Oldenbarnevelt and Grotius, about the Sharp Resolution and Holland's refusal to allow a National Synod, came to a head in July 1619 when a majority in the States General authorized Maurice to disband the auxiliary troops in Utrecht.

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Into the very midst of all this welter of evil, at a point in time to all appearance hopeless, at a point in space apparently defenseless, in a nation of which every man, woman, and child was under sentence of death from its sovereign, was born a man who wrought as no other has ever done for a

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Many exiled Remonstrants began to return to the Netherlands after the death of Prince Maurice in 1625 when toleration was granted to them. In 1630 they were allowed complete freedom to build and run churches and schools and to live anywhere in Holland. The Remonstrants guided by

892:, Grand Pensionary of Holland, had strongly promoted the appointment of Vorstius and began to defend their actions. Gomarus resigned his professorship at Leyden, in protest that Vorstius was not removed. The Counter-Remonstrants were also supported in their opposition by King 938:

towards Remonstrants and Counter-Remonstrants. Grotius, (who acted during the controversy first as Attorney General of Holland, and later as a member of the Committee of Counsellors) was eventually asked to draft an edict to express the policy of toleration. This edict,

864:. The new peace would move the people's focus to the controversy and Arminius' followers. Grotius played a decisive part in this politico-religious conflict between the Remonstrants, supporters of religious tolerance, and the orthodox Calvinists or Counter-Remonstrants. 3600: 1758:

Works are listed in order of publication, with the exception of works published posthumously or after long delay (estimated composition dates are given). Where an English translation is available, the most recently published translation is listed beneath the title.

1297:) was first published in 1625, dedicated to Grotius' current patron, Louis XIII. The treatise advances a system of principles of natural law, which are held to be binding on all people and nations regardless of local custom. The work is divided into three books: 1019:) he sent Grotius a copy out of friendship. This was a work "on the relationship between ecclesiastical and secular government" from the moderate counter-remonstrant viewpoint. In early 1616 Grotius also received the 36 page letter championing a remonstrant view 396:, who supported the idea that the sovereignty of a nation does not lie simply in a ruler through God's will, but originates in its people, who agree to confer such authority upon a ruler. It is also thought that Grotius was not the first to formulate the 906:, "a pamphlet...directed against an opponent, the Calvinist Franeker professor Lubbertus; it was ordered by Grotius' masters the States of Holland, and thus written for the occasion – though Grotius may already have had plans for such a book." 1764:

Martiani Minei Felicis Capellæ Carthaginiensis viri proconsularis Satyricon, in quo De nuptiis Philologiæ & Mercurij libri duo, & De septem artibus liberalibus libri singulares. Omnes, & emendati, & Notis, siue Februis Hug. Grotii

1700:. On the contrary, Schneewind argues that Grotius introduced the idea that "the conflict can not be eradicated and could not be dismissed, even in principle, by the most comprehensive metaphysical knowledge possible of how the world is made up". 1107:

on 29 August 1618. They were tried by a court of delegated judges from the States General. Van Oldenbarnevelt was sentenced to death and was beheaded in 1619. Grotius was sentenced to life imprisonment and transferred to Loevestein Castle.

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The Life of the Truly Eminent and Learned Hugo Grotius: Containing a Copious and Circumstantial History of the Several Important and Honourable Negotiations in Which He was Employed; Together with a Critical Account of His

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of August 4, 1617). Such a measure undermined the unity of the Republic's military force, the very same reason Spain had managed to retake so much lost territory in the 1580s, something the Captain-General of the republic,

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dealing with any cases of heterodoxy among the professors." The domestic dissension resulting over Arminius' professorship was overshadowed by the continuing war with Spain, and the professor died in 1609 on the eve of the

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While in Paris, Grotius set about rendering into Latin prose a work which he had originally written as Dutch verse in prison, providing rudimentary yet systematic arguments for the truth of Christianity. The Dutch poem,

1457:, who had become an adult, began to perform her duties and brought him back to Stockholm. During the winter of 1644–1645 he went to Sweden in difficult conditions, which he decided to leave in the summer of 1645. 899:

Grotius joined the controversy by defending the civil authorities' power to appoint (independently of the wishes of religious authorities) whomever they wished to a university's faculty. He did this by writing

1988:(Defense of the actions which led to his arrest (This was for a long time the only source for what transpired during Grotius' trial in 1619, because the trial record was not published at the time. However, 2512:’ in Rhoda Schnur (ed.), Acta Conventus Neo-Latini Bonnensis: Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Neo-Latin Studies (Bonn 2003). Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies vol. 315, 2006 1327:

Book III takes up the question of what rules govern the conduct of war once it has begun; influentially, Grotius argued that all parties to war are bound by such rules, whether their cause is just or not.

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for the States of Holland in 1601. It was on this date that the States of Holland requested from Grotius an account of the United Provinces’ revolt against Spain; Grotius is indeed contemporary with the

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From his imprisonment in Loevestein, Grotius made a written justification of his position "as to my views on the power of the Christian authorities in ecclesiastical matters, I refer to my...booklet

2922:. While they are probably apocryphal, his supposed last words—“By attempting many things, I have accomplished nothing”—do evoke the span of his life's work and his personal assessment of the results. 1228:". He theorized that Jesus' sacrificial death occurred in order for the Father to forgive while still maintaining his just rule over the universe. This idea, further developed by theologians such as 1103:

Grotius went on a mission to the States of Utrecht to stiffen their resistance against this move, but Maurice prevailed. The States General then authorized him to arrest Oldenbarnevelt, Grotius and

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As the conflict between civil and religious authorities escalated, in order to maintain civil order Oldenbarnevelt eventually proposed that local authorities be given the power to raise troops (the

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His first occasion to write systematically on issues of international justice came in 1604, when he became involved in the legal proceedings following the seizure by Dutch merchants of a Portuguese

381:. Before him, rights were above all perceived as attached to objects; after him, they are seen as belonging to persons, as the expression of an ability to act or as a means of realizing something. 1692:. At the end of the 20th century, his work aroused renewed interest as a controversy over the originality of his ethical work developed. For Irwing, Grotius would only repeat the contributions of 1087:, on "the relations between the religious and secular authorities...Grotius had even cherished hopes that publication of this book would turn the tide and bring back peace to church and state". 585:

and was first finished in 1612. The States however did not publish it, possibly because of the way the work resonated with the politico-religious tensions within the Dutch Republic (see below).

4590: 829:(the equivalent of a mayoral office) in 1613. Also in 1613, following the capture of two Dutch ships by the British, he was sent on a mission to London, a mission tailored to a man who wrote 653:), and though he did not have authorization from the company or the government to initiate the use of force, many shareholders were eager to accept the riches that he brought back to them. 1170:, where the authorities granted him an annual royal pension. Grotius lived in France almost continuously from 1621 to 1644. His stay coincides with the period (1624-1642) during which the 1030:

The letter was "a general introduction on (in)tolerance, mainly on the subject of predestination and the sacrament... an extensive, detailed and generally unfavourable review of Walaeus'

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which had been closed. During this time lawsuits were brought against the States of Holland by counter-remonstrant ministers and riots over the controversy broke out in Amsterdam.

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Histoire du droit de la guerre (1700–1819), Introduction à l'histoire du droit international, avec une biographie des principaux auteurs de la doctrine de l'antiquité à nos jours

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was appointed to replace Jacobus Arminius as the theology chair at Leiden. Vorstius was soon seen by Counter-Remonstrants as moving beyond the teachings of Arminius into

737:, "That the Dominion of the British Sea, or That Which Incompasseth the Isle of Great Britain, is, and Ever Hath Been, a Part or Appendant of the Empire of that Island. 8953: 4648: 4355: 4036:

Hugo Grotius As Apologist for the Christian Religion: A Study of His Work De Veritate Religionis Christianae, 1640 (Studies in the History of Christian Thought)

1877:, ed. with introduction by J. Waszink (Latin/English edition), Leuven UP 2023. Bibliotheca Latinitatis Novae, ISBN 978 94 6270 351 3 / eISBN 978 94 6166 485 3, 1208:. During this period, he had been interested in the unity of Christians and published many texts that would posthumously (1679) be published under the title of 8958: 1892:

only in: Hugo de Groot, "Kroniek van de Nederlandse Oorlog. De Opstand 1559-1588", ed. Jan Waszink (Nijmegen, Vantilt 2014), with introduction, index, plates.

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had a strong impact on the philosophical and theological debates and political developments of the 17th and 18th centuries. Among those he influenced were

773:. Grotius's notion of the freedom of the seas would persist until the mid-20th century, and it continues to be applied even to this day for much of the 556:". During his stay in France, he passed or bought a law degree from the University of Orleans. In Holland, Grotius earned an appointment as advocate to 970:

The edict "imposing moderation and toleration on the ministry", was backed up by Grotius with "thirty-one pages of quotations, mainly dealing with the

9028: 8124: 416:, and Grotius may be considered the intellectual father of this first general peace settlement of modern times." Additionally, his contributions to 375:) for which Grotius has been called the "father of international law". Grotius has also contributed significantly to the evolution of the notion of 2080: 805:, Grotius made considerable advances in his political career, being retained as Oldenbarnevelt's resident advisor in 1605, Advocate General of the 9143: 1061: 9068: 6278: 5305: 5043: 5416: 3276:

Hugo Grotius, Meletius sive De iis quae inter Christianos conveniunt Epistola: Critical Edition with Translation, Commentary and Introduction

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with Spain in 1609 against Maurice's wishes). During this time Grotius made another attempt to address ecclesiastical politics by completing

1468:, ill and weather-beaten, and on August 28, 1645, he died; his body at last returned to the country of his youth, being laid to rest in the 9013: 4779: 4741: 1346: 432: 4579: 2879: 7068: 6709: 1681: 8865: 9098: 8993: 8973: 7253: 6058: 796: 790: 4655:

Unfortunately, this links leads to: "Forbidden. You don't have permission to access /files/Grotius_Collection.pdf on this server."

3511:. London: Printed by William Du-Gard, by appointment of the Council of State and sold at the Sign of the Ship at the New Exchange. 3326:

Contemporary Maritime Piracy: International Law, Strategy, and Diplomacy at Sea: International Law, Strategy, and Diplomacy at Sea

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holds the Grotius Collection, which has a large number of books by and about Grotius. The collection was based on a donation from

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Grotius designed his theory to apply not only to states but also to rulers and subjects of law in general. Grotius's masterpiece

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was completed in late 1613 or early 1614. The edict put into practice a view that Grotius had been developing in his writings on

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Hugo Grotius in the Contemporary Memory of International Law: Secularism, Liberalism, and the Politics of Restatement and Denial

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when he was just eleven years old. There he studied with some of the most acclaimed intellectuals in northern Europe, including

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Savage Republic: De Indis of Hugo Grotius, Republicanism and Dutch Hegemony within the Early Modern World-System (c. 1600–1619)

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set up a presbyterial organization. They established a theological seminary at Amsterdam where Grotius came to teach alongside

1079:, whom he had supported, and to eliminate the nuisance he perceived in Oldenbarnevelt (the latter had previously brokered the 9033: 8978: 7270: 4543: 4091: 3763: 3697: 3659: 3640: 3225: 3164: 2541: 2476: 2398: 2373: 2345: 2300: 2248: 9093: 9083: 9048: 4978: 2136: 4030:

H. Grotius in the Contemporary Memory of Intl. Law: Secularism, Liberalism, & the Politics of Restatement & Denial

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Thomson, E. (15 November 2007). "France's Grotian moment? Hugo Grotius and Cardinal Richelieu's commercial statecraft".

1494:("Time is running away"); his last words were purportedly, "By understanding many things, I have accomplished nothing" ( 8577: 6271: 5036: 4645: 1716: 3622:

Van Dam, Harm-Jan (1994). "De Imperio Summarum Potestatum Circa Sacra". In Henk J.M. Nellen & Edwin Rabbie (ed.).

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joined Lubberdus in expressing the view that tolerance in matters of doctrine was inadmissible, and in his 1615 works

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confirmed and therefore were still valid. They were useful in interpreting the content of natural law. Both Biblical

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could not allow with the treaty nearing its end. Maurice seized the opportunity to solidify the preeminence of the

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declared in 1990: "The idea of international society which Grotius propounded was given concrete expression in the

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The Life of Hugo Grotius: With Brief Minutes of the Civil, Ecclesiastical, and Literary History of the Netherlands

1530:, who allowed him to use the French diplomatic mail in the first years of his exile. He was also friends with the 8282: 6897: 6748: 6136: 5461: 3602:

Reinventing Redemption: The Methodist Doctrine of Atonement in Britain and America in the Long Nineteenth Century

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in 1609. However, it was opposed by the English by reason of force and he didn't obtain the return of the boats.

5894: 4277:. The British Journal of Politics & International Relations, Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2010, p. 3–21 1324:; Grotius considers a wide variety of circumstances under which these rights of war attach and when they do not. 955:) ought to be enforced while differences on obscure theological doctrines should be left to private conscience. 9153: 8646: 8098: 7951: 6837: 6009: 5251: 944: 5441: 3267:

Property, Piracy and Punishment: Hugo Grotius on War and Booty in De Iure Praedae – Concepts and Contexts

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A Grotian Tradition of Theory and Practice?: Grotius, Law, and Moral Skepticism in the Thought of Hedley Bull

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doctrine, but he was one of the first to define expressly the idea of one society of states, governed not by

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to do things in His official and public capacity which in His private and personal capacity He deplores.'"

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of Great Britain reacted very negatively to Grotius' presentation of the book during a diplomatic mission.

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was a monumental effort to restrain such conflicts on the basis of a broad moral consensus. Grotius wrote:

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The result of Grotius' efforts in 1604/05 was a long, theory-laden treatise that he provisionally entitled

676: 649:, off present-day Singapore in 1603. Heemskerk was employed with the United Amsterdam Company (part of the 596:. Throughout his life Grotius wrote a variety of philological, theological and politico-theological works. 47: 4322:

The Grotian Theology of International Law: Hugo Grotius and the Moral Fundament of International Relations

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Brett, Annabel (2 April 2002). "Natural Right and Civil Community: The Civil Philosophy of Hugo Grotius".

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Nellen, Henk (January 2012). "Minimal Religion, Deism, and Socinianism: On Grotius's Motives for Writing

951:): that only the basic tenets necessary for undergirding civil order (e.g., the existence of God and His 880:

and he was accused of teaching irreligion. Leading the call for Vorstius' removal was theology professor

455: 435:. Because of his theological underpinning of free trade, he is also considered an "economic theologist". 4789: 4126:

Li, Hansong (2019). "Time, right and the justice of war and peace in Hugo Grotius's political thought".

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Property, Piracy and Punishment: Hugo Grotius on War and Booty in De iure praedae: Concepts and Contexts

704:, published 1609) Grotius formulated the new principle that the sea was international territory and all 9113: 8884: 8830: 8522: 8234: 6716: 6376: 6073: 5683: 5608: 5546: 5411: 4891: 4614: 1527: 7033: 5521: 5471: 1037:

In early 1617 Grotius debated the question of giving counter-remonstrants the chance to preach in the

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arrest in 1618 form a vain attempt to repair the damage done by this book." Grotius would later write

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Ideological Origins of the Batavian Revolution: History and Politics in the Dutch Republic, 1747–1800

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had postulated the idea of freedom of the seas in a more rudimentary fashion under the principles of

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Johannes Thumfart: "The Economic Theology of Free Trade. On the relationship between Hugo Grotius's

724:, competing fiercely with the Dutch for domination of world trade, opposed this idea and claimed in 8805: 8693: 8678: 8670: 8552: 7921: 5668: 5633: 5202: 4426: 4300:

Selden, Grotius, and the Seventeenth-Century Intellectual Revolution in Moral and Political Theory,

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The Triumph of Liberty: A 2,000 Year History Told Through the Lives of Freedom's Greatest Champions

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After fading over time, the influence of Grotius's ideas revived in the 20th century following the

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History of Holland, from the beginning of the tenth to the end of the Eighteenth Century, Volume 2

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Marble bas-relief of Grotius among 23 reliefs of great historical lawgivers in the chamber of the

1420: 1090: 316:, but escaped hidden in a chest of books that was regularly brought to him and was transported to 9038: 8773: 7901: 7821: 7238: 6827: 6738: 5889: 5866: 5831: 5613: 5577: 5501: 5436: 4876: 2895: 2210: 1519: 1038: 1017:

Tractaet van 't Ampt ende authoriteit eener hoogher Christelijcke overheid in kerckelijkcke zaken

7635: 4234: 3670: 1916:(On the power of sovereigns concerning religious affairs; manuscript 1614–17) – pub. Paris, 1647 1708:, which he organizes for the first time from a body of principles rooted in the law of nature". 474:

and Alida van Overschie. His father was a man of learning, once having studied with the eminent

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The Rights of War and Peace: Political Thought and the International Order from Grotius to Kant

4365:, following Giorgio Agamben's enhancement of Carl Schmitt's notion of Political Theology". In: 4315:

Hugo Grotius und die Antike. Römisches Recht und römische Ethik im frühneuzeitlichen Naturrecht

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Salter, John. (2001) "Hugo Grotius; Property and Consent." Political Theory 29, no. 4, 537–55.

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Hugo Grotius, Natural Rights Theories and the Rise of Dutch Power in the East Indies 1595–1615

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held him in high esteem. The French Enlightenment, on the other hand, was much more critical.

1366:, and by way of these philosophers his thinking became part of the cultural background of the 9148: 9138: 9133: 9043: 8948: 8794: 8783: 8287: 7382: 7337: 7148: 6743: 5966: 5752: 5691: 5587: 5098: 4896: 4076:

Das Vertragsverständnis des Hugo Grotius. Zwischen Gerechtigkeit, Treue und Rechtsübertragung

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A defence of the Catholic faith concerning the satisfaction of Christ against Faustus Socinus

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A hand-book for travellers on the continent: being a guide through Holland, Belgium, Prussia

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Hugo Grotius in International Thought (Palgrave MacMillan History of International Thought)

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Weeramantry, Christopher: "The Grotius Lecture Series: Opening Tribute to Hugo Grotius". (

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thus proved useful in the later development of theories of both private and criminal law.

716:), provided suitable ideological justification for the Dutch breaking up of various trade 19:"Hugo de Groot" redirects here. For the crash of the KLM plane known under that name, see 8: 8898: 8317: 8081: 7961: 7931: 7851: 7377: 7317: 6638: 6558: 5974: 5658: 5426: 5395: 4835: 4512: 4191: 3961:

Assen, The Netherlands: Royal Van Gorcum Publishers. A journal of Grotius studies, 1980–.

1858:(Annals and History of the Low Countries' War; manuscript 1612-13) – pub. Amsterdam, 1657 1576: 1469: 1454: 1450:

residence in Paris, which remained his home until he was released from his post in 1645.

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describing the period from 1559 to 1609, was written in the style of the Roman historian

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Haakonssen, Knud (19 August 2016). "Hugo Grotius and the History of Political Thought".

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in the field of international law and the decline of the natural law in philosophy. The

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The Working Papers of Hugo Grotius : Transmission, Dispersal, and Loss, 1604-1864.

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Customary International Law in Times of Fundamental Change: Recognizing Grotian Moments

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Four Seminal Thinkers in International Theory: Machiavelli, Grotius, Kant, and Mazzini

4498: 4476:, Cambridge UP, p. 315-338 (chapter 15) doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108182751.021 4472:———, 2021. 'Hugo Grotius: Historical Writings', in: R. Lesaffer and J. Nijman (eds.), 3716:

Seven great Statesmen in the warfare of humanity with unreason By Andrew Dickson White

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as his ancestors played an important role in local government since the 13th century.

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La philosophie du droit de Hugo Grotius et la théorie moderne du droit international,

3862: 3769: 3759: 3693: 3655: 3636: 3591: 3566: 3506: 3475: 3403: 3330: 3309: 3216: 3160: 2873: 2551: 2537: 2472: 2394: 2369: 2341: 2296: 2244: 2214: 2176: 2156: 1568: 1511: 1443: 1302: 952: 931: 530: 510: 479: 340: 309: 305: 165: 161: 99: 88: 8462: 8322: 7110: 6030: 5451: 2492: 2267: 1966:(Introduction to Dutch Jurisprudence; written in Loevenstein) – pub. The Hague, 1631 1728: 351:

side. Two of his books have had a lasting impact in the field of international law:

8708: 8352: 8249: 8061: 7991: 7761: 7680: 7675: 7600: 7575: 7520: 7510: 7500: 7470: 7450: 7440: 7307: 7302: 7260: 7203: 7000: 6683: 6678: 6653: 6598: 6573: 6194: 5826: 5806: 5775: 5466: 5431: 5375: 4983: 4942: 4866: 4861: 4840: 4547: 4453: 4344: 4259:

The Position of the Individual in International Law according to Grotius and Vattel

4135: 4079: 3992: 3932:

International Law: A Contemporary Perspective (Studies on a Just World Order, No 2)

3901:

The Historical Argument for the Resurrection of Christ During the Deist Controversy

3850: 3587: 3546: 3459: 3455: 3387: 3383: 3196: 2529: 2148: 2090: 1878: 1748: 1537: 1531: 1439: 1412: 1359: 1067: 1024: 1004: 989: 841: 593: 522: 336: 226: 20: 7665: 5909: 4139: 4120:

The 'Etiamsi Daremus' of Hugo Grotius: A Study in the Origins of International Law

8922: 8800: 8656: 8596: 8586: 8487: 8452: 8447: 8307: 8292: 8219: 8118: 7791: 7710: 7670: 7640: 7625: 7590: 7585: 7555: 7530: 7515: 7490: 7475: 7410: 7387: 7372: 7357: 7342: 7213: 7168: 7153: 7143: 6965: 6960: 6817: 6812: 6792: 6780: 5999: 5884: 5760: 5722: 5541: 5385: 5380: 5182: 5088: 4957: 4825: 4688: 4652: 4594: 4583: 4457: 3576:"On Grotius's Mare liberum and Vitoria's de indis, following Agamben and Schmitt" 3428: 3424: 3324: 1933: 1704:

together practices and authorities on the traditional but fundamental subject of

1544: 1523: 1503: 1446:, was keen to have Grotius in his employ. Grotius accepted the offer and took up 1398:

and natural law originated in God and could therefore not contradict each other.

1146:. In the Netherlands today, he is mainly famous for this daring escape. Both the 873: 561: 502: 439: 6048: 4646:

Extensive catalogue of Grotius' writings at the Peace Palace Library, The Hague.

3996: 2137:"Andreas Fricius Modrevius—A Polish Political Theorist of the Sixteenth Century" 2006:. Student edn. Ed. Stephen C. Neff (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012) 1652:: "There is an old, old story about a theologian who was asked to reconcile the 8738: 8703: 8562: 8472: 8422: 8417: 8392: 8327: 8297: 8272: 8108: 8016: 8006: 7735: 7610: 7595: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7505: 7480: 7435: 7415: 7277: 7248: 7223: 7178: 7158: 7120: 7075: 6955: 6945: 6802: 6633: 6446: 6171: 6121: 5979: 5856: 5851: 5841: 5737: 5663: 5572: 5567: 5390: 5365: 5345: 5330: 5315: 5300: 5010: 4952: 4937: 4567: 4534: 4179:

Hugo de Groot: Een leven in strijd om de vrede (official Dutch State biography)

4050:

Beyond the Anarchical Society: Grotius, Colonialism and Order in World Politics

3226:"Verhooren en andere bescheiden betreffende het rechtsgeding van Hugo de Groot" 2075: 1693: 1665: 902: 628: 526: 475: 428: 313: 288: 275: 182: 149: 70: 8442: 4684: 3854: 3773: 3463: 3391: 211: 8932: 8910: 8713: 8557: 8502: 8402: 8382: 8372: 8342: 8332: 8239: 8180: 8041: 7871: 7781: 7730: 7700: 7690: 7620: 7615: 7605: 7465: 7455: 7445: 7420: 7287: 7265: 7183: 7090: 7063: 7048: 6990: 6673: 6199: 6156: 6126: 6106: 5770: 5696: 5623: 5526: 5456: 5370: 5325: 5310: 5207: 5156: 4962: 4769: 4764: 3479: 3471: 3407: 3399: 2868: 2160: 1383: 1255: 506: 348: 4706: 4331:. Brooklyn, NY: Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Law, 1908. 4289:

The Law of war: Grotius, Sidney, Locke and the political theory of rebellion

3977:

Natural Law and Moral Philosophy: From Grotius to the Scottish Enlightenment

3925:

Hugo Grotius, The Miracle of Holland: A Study in Political and Legal Thought

3652:

God, Locke, and Equality: Christian Foundations in Locke's Political Thought

3537:

Stahl, William H. (1965). "To a Better Understanding of Martianus Capella".

3055: 2338:

Hugo Grotius: A Lifelong Struggle for Peace in Church and State, 1583 – 1645

2119: 1816:(On the Antiquity of the Batavian Republic) – Leiden, 1610 (An extension of 539:

Martiani Minei Felicis Capellæ Carthaginiensis viri proconsularis Satyricon.

525:. At age 16 (1599), he published his first book: a scholarly edition of the 331:

and law during the 16th and 17th centuries. Along with the earlier works of

300:, jurist, statesman, poet and playwright. A teenage prodigy, he was born in 8811: 8767: 8532: 8477: 8267: 8201: 8021: 7705: 7695: 7685: 7550: 7545: 7485: 7460: 7430: 7425: 7332: 7327: 7173: 6787: 6723: 6593: 6583: 6578: 6497: 6487: 6431: 6321: 6209: 6204: 6151: 6141: 6116: 6096: 5785: 5732: 5727: 5511: 5421: 5360: 5340: 5227: 5151: 4932: 4774: 4606: 4486: 4303: 3780: 2533: 2525:

Annals of the War in the Low Countries, ed. with introduction by J. Waszink

2095: 1989: 1882: 1661: 1657: 1583: 1515: 1313: 845: 748: 730: 700: 367: 4083: 1382:. Therefore, his concept of natural law had a theological foundation. The 611: 8733: 8728: 8507: 8437: 8412: 8407: 8337: 8312: 8229: 7720: 7715: 7650: 7645: 7495: 7367: 7322: 7312: 7105: 7100: 7038: 6975: 6758: 6733: 6658: 6618: 6588: 6563: 6543: 6522: 6502: 6482: 6472: 6441: 6306: 6161: 5946: 5742: 5516: 5355: 5234: 5217: 5212: 4886: 4750: 4194:. 2004. "The Justice of Assignment and Subjective Rights in Grotius," in 2523: 1689: 1603: 1379: 1355: 1317: 1236: 1147: 958: 948: 919: 915: 877: 769: 725: 671: 657: 574: 417: 409: 401: 344: 190: 135: 8917: 5176: 4348: 3246: 2883:. Vol. 07 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 954. 1785:(Comparison of Constitutions; manuscript 1601–02) – pub. Haarlem 1801–03 1498:). Significant friends and acquaintances of his included the theologian 1309:, arguing that there are some circumstances in which war is justifiable. 660:

questionable under Dutch statute, but a faction of shareholders (mostly

8840: 8537: 8497: 8492: 8103: 7911: 7811: 7660: 7580: 7352: 7243: 7085: 7028: 7005: 6970: 6919: 6909: 6877: 6822: 6648: 6628: 6553: 6517: 6421: 6406: 6331: 6256: 6166: 6146: 6131: 6101: 5350: 5261: 5118: 5093: 5083: 5021: 4901: 4159:(in French). Aix en Provence: Presses universitaires d'Aix en Provence. 3558: 3438:

Palladini, Fiammetta (January 2012). "The Image of Christ in Grotius's

3208: 2168: 1779:(To Improve the Dutch Republic; manuscript 1601) – pub. The Hague, 1984 1677: 1618:, another theoretician of the natural law concept, was also skeptical. 1599: 1595: 1395: 1363: 1321: 1229: 1155: 1131: 1095: 1053: 1049: 822: 743:

It is generally assumed that Grotius first propounded the principle of

490: 482:, as well as of political distinction. His family was considered Delft 384:

Peter Borschberg suggests that Grotius was significantly influenced by

297: 312:

for his involvement in the controversies over religious policy of the

8567: 8432: 8277: 7801: 7740: 7297: 6940: 6867: 6852: 6773: 6693: 6688: 6613: 6568: 6548: 6527: 6512: 6492: 6477: 6341: 6301: 5192: 5113: 4988: 4662: 4203:

From Irenaeus to Grotius: A Sourcebook in Christian Political Thought

1900:(The Piety of the States of Holland and Westfriesland) – Leiden, 1613 1744: 1615: 1461: 1447: 1387: 1233: 1196:, was published in 1622, the Latin treatise in 1627, under the title 1151: 849: 826: 818: 774: 763:) in the year of 1604. Additionally, 16th century Spanish theologian 661: 557: 424: 423:

helped provide the seeds for later Arminian-based movements, such as

317: 4496:

Wight, Martin (author); Wight, Gabriele (ed.); Porter, Brian (ed.):

4210:

A Normative Approach to War: Peace, War, and Justice in Hugo Grotius

4165:

Hugo Grotius. Ein christlicher Humanist in politischer Verantwortung

4029: 3624:

Hugo Grotius Theologian – Essays in Honor of G.H.M. Posthumus Meyjes

3550: 3200: 3079: 2578:

was taken under the laws of war by Dutch Admiral Jacob van Heemskerk

2152: 1998:(On the Law of War and Peace) – Paris, 1625 (2nd ed. Amsterdam 1631) 1158:

in Delft claim to have the original book chest in their collection.

8512: 8076: 7655: 7392: 6985: 6950: 6924: 6904: 6857: 6668: 6623: 6507: 6411: 6401: 6366: 6336: 5551: 5146: 5139: 4556: 4552: 4444:

Waszink, Jan (13 September 2012). "Lipsius and Grotius: Tacitism".

4266:

The Natural Law: A Study in Legal and Social History and Philosophy

3830:, Singapore and Leiden: Singapore University Press and KITLV Press. 3825: 3689:

Hugo Grotius: The Father of the Modern Science of International Law

3575: 1653: 1607: 1142:, Grotius managed to escape the castle in a book chest and fled to 1076: 837: 717: 498: 420: 293: 186: 139: 4630: 4622: 3799: 2588: 2586: 2054:(Commentaries on the New Testament) – Amsterdam and Paris, 1641–50 1021:

Dissertatio epistolica de Iure magistratus in rebus ecclesiasticis

408:

but by actual laws and mutual agreement to enforce those laws. As

8893: 8778: 8367: 8113: 8026: 6914: 6882: 6872: 6643: 6603: 6436: 6361: 6346: 6326: 4669: 3654:. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press. pp. 189, 208. 2120:"Andrzej FRYCZ Modrzewski (Fricius Modrevius)" with bibliography. 2036:(Dissertation of the origin of the American peoples) – Paris 1642 1465: 1442:, regent of the successor of the recently deceased Swedish king, 1306: 856:, whose supporters are termed Gomarists or Counter-Remonstrants. 814: 810: 779:

application of the concept and the scope of its reach is changing

721: 665: 640: 589: 582: 553: 450: 405: 84: 66: 8905: 8149: 2733:, AppendixA translation edict is printed in full in the appendix 8760: 6862: 6663: 6451: 6426: 6416: 6386: 6371: 5222: 3881:. London: printed for A. Millar, 1754. Also Echo Library, 2006. 3451: 3379: 2896:"Hugo de Groot: one of the greatest Dutch thinkers of all time" 2583: 2305: 1949: 1562: 1534: 1435: 1431: 1391: 1375: 705: 377: 321: 4719: 3930:

Falk, Richard A.; Kratochwil, Friedrich; Mendlovitz, Saul H.:

3827:

Hugo Grotius, the Portuguese and Free Trade in the East Indies

2293:

Hugo Grotius, the Portuguese and Free Trade in the East Indies

1123:

in a letter to Lubbertus) declared Grotius' ideas diabolical.

840:

controversy broke out between the chair of theology at Leiden

6892: 6381: 6316: 5108: 4383:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1982, 196pp 3946:

Studies of Political Thought from Gerson to Grotius 1414–1625

2115: 1982:(Proof of the True Religion; didactic poem) – Rotterdam, 1622 1271: 1167: 1143: 963: 709: 570: 552:

would have presented Grotius to his court as "the miracle of

548:

to a diplomatic mission in Paris. On this occasion, the King

463: 393: 301: 62: 3258:

Hugo Grotius: Ordinum Hollandiae ac Westfrisiae Pietas, 1613

2872: 2724: 2471:. New York, NY: Global Scholarly Publications. p. 223. 1178:. In France in 1625 Grotius published his most famous book, 8517: 6887: 6311: 4632:

Physicarum disputationum septima de infinito, loco et vacuo

3306:

The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477–1806

3019: 2777: 2568:. The National Library Board, Government of Singapore. 2021 2469:

A History of Political Philosophy: From Thucydides to Locke

1590:

and the main representatives of the Scottish Enlightenment

1460:

While departing from his last visit to Sweden, Grotius was

806: 247: 244: 238: 4293:

Britain and the Netherlands, vol. XI The Exchange of Ideas

4196:

Bonds of Imperfection: Christian Politics Past and Present

3756:

The Debate That Changed the West: Grotius versus Althusius

2634: 2407: 1671: 241: 6456: 6351: 4587: 4310:. New Haven, Yale University Press, 2001, pp. 318–44 4172:

Hugo Grotius On the Law of War and Peace: Student Edition

4111:, 1946, "The Grotian Tradition in International Law," in 3893:

Grotius to Gassendi (Essays on Early Modern Philosophers)

3837:. Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog, 1974, 275pp 3745:(Peace Palace Library, The Hague) and 'Grotius, Hugo' in 3155:

Bull, Hedley; Roberts, Adam; Kingsbury, Benedict (2003).

2813: 2663: 2528:. Bibliotheca Latinitatis Novae. Leuven (BE): Leuven UP. 2493:"Hugo Grotius | Dutch statesman and scholar | Britannica" 2268:"Hugo Grotius | Dutch statesman and scholar | Britannica" 2262: 2260: 994:

Den Recht-gematigden Christen: Ofte vande waere Moderatie

872:

The controversy expanded when the Remonstrant theologian

867: 784: 431:; Grotius is acknowledged as a significant figure in the 232: 4406:

for the Press: Hugo Grotius’ Rewriting of Chapter 12 of

3496:

Schneewind, J.B. (1993). "Kant and natural law ethics".

3486: 3187:

Forde, Steven (1998). "Hugo Grotius on Ethics and War".

3085: 1676:

The influence of Grotius declined following the rise of

1232:, became one of the prominent views of the atonement in 1138:

In 1621, with the help of his wife and his maidservant,

497:. He groomed his son from an early age in a traditional 327:

Grotius was a major figure in the fields of philosophy,

3871:

Natural Law and the Theory of Property: Grotius to Hume

3508:

Mare Clausum. Of the Dominion, or, Ownership of the Sea

3251:. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington. 2995: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2925: 2753: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2431: 1259:

Title page from the second edition (Amsterdam 1631) of

982:

in 1614. Later that year Grotius anonymously published

4052:. Port Chester, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 2002 3043: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2257: 2014:(On the Truth of the Christian religion) – Paris, 1627 1430:

In 1634 Grotius was given the opportunity to serve as

1134:, presumed to be that in which Grotius escaped in 1621 1056:

Castle at the time of Grotius' imprisonment in 1618–21

635:. Near the start of the war, Grotius's cousin captain 266:; 10 April 1583 – 28 August 1645), also known as 8882: 4381:

Natural Rights Theories: Their Origin and Development

4016:(in French). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. 3091: 2801: 2675: 2508:

and: J. Waszink, ‘Tacitism in Holland: Hugo Grotius'

2388: 2295:, Singapore and Leiden, NUS Press & KITLV Press, 2048:(Commentaries on the Old Testament) – Amsterdam, 1644 1614:

developed an alternative conception of human nature.

615:

Page written in Grotius' hand from the manuscript of

259: 250: 4624:

Logicarum disputationum quarta de postpraedicamentis

3747:

Dictionary of Seventeenth Century Dutch Philosophers

3615:

Dictionary of Seventeenth Century Dutch Philosophers

3154: 3067: 3061: 3007: 2962: 2622: 2598: 2311: 1575:

in his saddle when leading his troops. In contrast,

320:. Grotius wrote most of his major works in exile in 235: 3955:. Twayne Publishers Inc., Boston, U.S., 1986, 161pp 3835:

Eigentumstheorien von Grotius bis Kant (Problemata)

3433:(1st ed.). New York: Macmillan Co. p. 62. 2825: 2789: 2687: 2646: 2521: 2443: 2317: 1791:(On the Indies; manuscript 1604–05) – pub. 1868 as 1621: 1526:, and the French ambassador in the Dutch Republic, 1215: 229: 4438:Three Stages in the Evolution of International Law 3031: 2913: 2765: 2610: 2391:Just War Thinkers: From Cicero to the 21st Century 1942:Defensio fidei catholicae de satisfactione Christi 4205:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1999, 858pp 3115: 2983: 2419: 2389:Brunstetter, Daniel R.; O’Driscoll, Cian (2017). 1930:De satisfactione Christi adversus Faustum Socinum 8930: 3675:Le Moniteur des Indes-Orientales et Occidentales 3103: 2849: 2837: 2522:Grotius and Waszink (2023). Waszink, Jan (ed.). 2081:English school of international relations theory 1864:The Annals and History of the Low-Countrey-warrs 1832:, ed. Jan Waszink and others (van Gorcum, 2000). 1312:Book II identifies three 'just causes' for war: 1220:Grotius also developed a particular view of the 544:In 1598, at the age of 15 years, he accompanied 8954:17th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians 3895:. Garland Publishing Inc, New York, 1992, 302pp 3608:(Phd thesis). Stirling: University of Stirling. 3515: 3137: 3025: 2783: 2466: 1964:Inleydinge tot de Hollantsche rechtsgeleertheit 1800:(The Passion of Christ; tragedy) – Leiden, 1608 1582:Some philosophers, notably Protestants such as 1062:Trial of Oldenbarnevelt, Grotius and Hogerbeets 844:and his followers (who are called Arminians or 541:It remained a reference for several centuries. 4045:. Palgrave Macmillan, 1st edition, 2006, 224pp 3417:Ecclesia reformata: Studies on the Reformation 1773:(The Exile of Adam; tragedy) – The Hague, 1601 1543:Grotius was the father of regent and diplomat 8959:17th-century Dutch dramatists and playwrights 8165: 6272: 5037: 4735: 4711: 4659:The Correspondence of Hugo de Groot (Grotius) 4275:Adam Smith and the Grotian Theory of Property 4201:O'Donovan, Oliver; O'Donovan, Joan Lockwood: 4122:(Rome: Pontificium Athenaeum Internationale). 3308:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 447–449. 3255: 3244: 2819: 2669: 1684:has nevertheless re-issued and re-translated 9129:Philosophy and thought in the Dutch Republic 6778: 5166: 5137: 5123: 4635:; disputation, aged 14, at Leiden University 4627:; disputation, aged 14, at Leiden University 4502:. Oxford University Press, USA, 2005, 230 pp 4291:in Simon Groenveld and Michael Wintle (eds) 4011: 3953:Hugo Grotius (Twayne's World Authors Series) 3918:The Life and Legal Writings of Hugo Grotius. 3794:. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms, 1980 3630: 2592: 1849:, ed. G.H.M. Posthumus Meyjes (Brill, 1988). 1571:, was said to have always carried a copy of 1563:From his time to the end of the 17th century 1496:Door veel te begrijpen, heb ik niets bereikt 1464:on the voyage. He washed up on the shore of 6714: 5232: 4222:Powell, Jim; Powell, James; Johnson, Paul: 3873:. Oxford University Press, USA, 1993, 344pp 3668: 3442:: Some Thoughts on Grotius's Socinianism". 3264: 2759: 2437: 2034:De origine gentium Americanarum dissertatio 1711: 751:and other Asian seas accepted the right of 8172: 8158: 6279: 6265: 5044: 5030: 4742: 4728: 4491:International Theory: the Three Traditions 4241:; Manson, Edward William Donoghue (eds.). 3982: 3671:"Nécrologie de Jhr. Hugo Cornets de Groot" 3495: 3288:Revolt in 2100 & Methuselah's Children 3245:Grotius, Hugo; Kelsey, Francis W. (1925). 3049: 2748:De imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra 2042:(The way to religious peace) – Paris, 1642 1992:edited this trial record in) – Paris, 1922 1922:De imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra 1914:De imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra 1664:. 'The Almighty,' he explained, 'finds it 1117:De Imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra 1085:De Imperio Summarum Potestatum circa Sacra 603:; they had three daughters and four sons. 38: 4519:. Princeton University Press, 1998, 410pp 4174:. Cambridge University Press, 2012, 546pp 4014:Grotius et la doctrine de la guerre juste 3948:. Cambridge University Press, 1907, 258pp 3920:Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 3613:van Bunge, Wiep (2017). "Grotius, Hugo". 3612: 3437: 3414: 3097: 2681: 2004:Hugo Grotius: On the Law of War and Peace 1242: 656:Not only was the legality of keeping the 9029:Dutch Calvinist and Reformed theologians 8689:Fundamental theory of Catholic canon law 6286: 5051: 4588:Short Title Catalogue Netherlands (STCN) 4517:Natural Rights and the New Republicanism 4329:The Influence of Grotius in the Far East 4229: 4073: 3753: 3725:Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart 3685: 3573: 3423: 3282: 3273: 3176:Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart 3157:Hugo Grotius and International Relations 3001: 2945:"Hugo Grotius - Later life | Britannica" 2867: 2730: 2640: 2628: 2413: 2323: 2109: 1932:(On the satisfaction of Christ against 1906:Ordinum Hollandiae ac Westfrisiae pietas 1898:Ordinum Hollandiae ac Westfrisiae pietas 1727: 1715: 1479: 1345: 1295:On the Law of War and Peace: Three books 1254: 1125: 1089: 1048: 1003:In late 1615, when Middelburg professor 957: 801:Aided by his continued association with 797:Ordinum Hollandiae ac Westfrisiae pietas 670: 610: 449: 339:, his writings laid the foundations for 16:Dutch philosopher and jurist (1583–1645) 7862:Reflections on the Revolution in France 4474:The Cambridge Companion to Hugo Grotius 4443: 4334: 4308:Rhetoric and Law in Early Modern Europe 4245:. London: John Murray. pp. 169–184 3649: 3621: 3430:A concise history of the law of nations 2893: 2831: 2718: 2193:, Oxford University Press, 2017, p. 36. 1947: 1672:Revival of interest in the 20th century 1550: 1378:was not an entity in itself, but God's 579:Annales et Historiae de rebus Belgicis, 9144:Dutch international relations scholars 8931: 4846:Conditional preservation of the saints 4226:. Free Press, 1st edition, 2002, 574pp 4212:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993, 421pp 4154: 3939:Hugo Grotius: Mare Liberum (1609–2009) 3907: 3598: 3504: 3365: 3352: 3322: 3303: 3294: 3073: 3037: 2977: 2919: 2807: 2795: 2771: 2657: 2616: 2604: 2510:Annales et Historiae de rebus Belgicis 2454: 2335: 2233: 2202: 1944:, ed. Edwin Rabbie (van Gorcum, 1990). 1875:Annals of the War in the Low Countries 1856:Annales et Historiae de rebus Belgicis 1830:The Antiquity of the Batavian Republic 1115:and especially to an unpublished book 925: 868:Controversy within Dutch Protestantism 785:Arminian controversy, arrest and exile 9069:Dutch male dramatists and playwrights 8153: 6260: 5282: 5063: 5025: 4723: 4710: 4113:British Yearbook of International Law 3898: 3840: 3713: 3692:. New York: Oxford University Press. 3536: 3265:Grotius, Hugo; Blom, Hans W. (2009). 3256:Grotius, Hugo; Rabbie, Edwin (1995). 3223: 3189:The American Political Science Review 3186: 3121: 3013: 2989: 2425: 2359: 2357: 2227: 2196: 2123:Virtual Library of Polish Literature. 1924:, ed. Harm-Jan van Dam (Brill, 2001). 1840:(manuscript 1611) – pub. Leiden, 1988 1522:, the Orientalist and Arabic scholar 287: 274: 4979:Arminianism in the Church of England 4388:Philosophy and Government: 1572–1651 3937:Feenstra, Robert; Vervliet, Jeroen: 3797: 3722: 3631:van Ittersum, Martine Julia (2006). 3343: 3173: 3109: 2931: 2855: 2843: 2363: 2134: 2022:, ed. John Clarke (Edinburgh, 1819). 1869:- Modern English translation of the 1845: 1814:De antiquitate reipublicae Batavicae 1000:Trigland denounced Grotius' stance. 998:Advys Over een Concept van moderatie 980:Responsio Ad Pietatem Hugonis Grotii 791:History of Calvinist–Arminian debate 720:through its formidable naval power. 712:. Grotius, by claiming 'free seas' ( 489:Jan de Groot was also translator of 9014:Calvinist and Reformed philosophers 8851: 8617:Elements of the Philosophy of Right 7972:The End of History and the Last Man 7882:Elements of the Philosophy of Right 4694:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4675:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4419:van Ittersum, Martine Julia. 2024. 4400:van Ittersum, Martine Julia, 2007. 4374:The Just War in Aquinas and Grotius 4362:Relectio de Indis recenter inventis 4070:. London: Sweet & Maxwell, Ltd. 3912:. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock. 3804:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3787:, 3rd ed. (Rotterdam: Michel Bohm). 3743:Catalogue of the Grotius Collection 3669:von Siebold, Philipp Franz (1847). 3489:Catalogue of the Grotius Collection 3359:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2894:Spuyman, Ceren (10 December 2019). 2467:Korab-Karpowicz, W. Julian (2010). 2030:(Joseph; tragedy) – Amsterdam, 1635 2020:The Truth of the Christian Religion 1866:, ed. Thomas Manley (London, 1665): 1806:(The Free Seas; from chapter 12 of 1386:contained moral precepts (e.g. the 1073:Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange 1044: 13: 4682: 4433:, Bibliotheca Visseriana, Vol. VI. 4284:. Cambridge University Press, 2013 4125: 4068:The Life and Works of Hugo Grotius 3979:. Cambridge University Press, 1996 3970:Revue de Metaphysique et de Morale 3785:Dictionaire historique et critique 3736: 3723:Wolf, Ernst (1986). "Naturrecht". 3440:De Veritate Religionis Christianae 3299:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3174:Elze, M. (1958). "Grotius, Hugo". 3062:Bull, Roberts & Kingsbury 2003 2354: 2312:Bull, Roberts & Kingsbury 2003 2012:De veritate religionis Christianae 1888:- Modern Dutch translation of the 1301:Book I advances his conception of 1198:De veritate religionis Christianae 1174:led France under the authority of 708:were free to use it for seafaring 14: 9165: 8179: 4523: 3518:"Hugo de Groot - Slot Loevestein" 3487:Peace Palace (The Hague) (1983). 2141:American Political Science Review 2098:- an asteroid named after Grotius 2052:Annotationes in Novum Testamentum 2046:Annotationes in Vetus Testamentum 1908:, ed. Edwin Rabbie (Brill, 1995). 1753:De jure belli ac pacis libri tres 1733:Annotationes ad Vetus Testamentum 1290:De jure belli ac pacis libri tres 470:, Grotius was the first child of 9099:Historians of the Dutch Republic 8916: 8904: 8892: 8850: 8835: 8826: 8825: 7942:The Open Society and Its Enemies 6240: 6239: 4788: 4667: 4572:Post-Reformation Digital Library 4560: 4219:. Hila, MT: Kessinger Pub., 2007 3592:10.1163/016738309X12537002674286 3361:. Stanford: Stanford University. 1980:Bewijs van den waaren godsdienst 1622:Commentaries of the 18th century 1475: 1226:Governmental theory of atonement 1216:Governmental theory of atonement 1161: 978:, Professor Lubbertus published 747:, although all countries in the 606: 225: 210: 195:governmental theory of atonement 8994:Ambassadors of Sweden to France 8974:17th-century Dutch philosophers 6749:Family as a model for the state 4749: 4181:. The Hague: Balans Publishing. 3903:. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press. 2937: 2887: 2861: 2750:(finished 1617, published 1647) 2746:(1611) and the more systematic 2736: 2558: 2515: 2485: 2460: 2382: 2329: 1194:Bewijs van den waren Godsdienst 675:Portrait of Grotius at age 25 ( 577:. The resulting work, entitled 9079:17th-century Dutch politicians 8984:17th-century Dutch theologians 8647:Natural Law and Natural Rights 8099:Separation of church and state 7997:Collectivism and individualism 7952:The Origins of Totalitarianism 4544:Works by or about Hugo Grotius 4509:. Martinus Nijhoff, 2008, 534p 4217:Hugo Grotius and the Arminians 4026:Emory International Law Review 3714:White, Andrew Dickson (1910). 3348:. Springer. pp. 21ff, 89. 2368:. Leiden: BRILL. p. 249. 2285: 2243:. General Books. p. 539. 2183: 2128: 1974:, ed. R.W. Lee (Oxford, 1926). 1401: 1341: 755:long before Grotius wrote his 1: 9059:17th-century Dutch historians 9019:Censorship in the Netherlands 9009:Burials at Nieuwe Kerk, Delft 8989:17th-century writers in Latin 8139:Category:Political philosophy 8012:Critique of political economy 4805:Five Articles of Remonstrance 4253:– via Internet Archive. 4155:Mattei, Jean Mathieu (2006). 4140:10.1080/01916599.2018.1559750 4038:. Brill Academic, 2004, 304pp 3934:. Westview Press, 1985, 702pp 3821:. Van Gorcum Ltd, 2004, 332pp 3758:. Aalten: Pantocrator Press. 3709:– via Internet Archive. 3419:. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. 3086:Peace Palace (The Hague) 1983 2566:"The Santa Catarina Incident" 2340:. Leiden: BRILL. p. 22. 2125:Retrieved September 28, 2011. 2102: 1722:U.S. House of Representatives 1374:. In Grotius' understanding, 1113:De Pietate Ordinum Hollandiae 941:Decretum pro pace ecclesiarum 934:took an official position of 639:captured a loaded Portuguese 560:in 1599 and then as official 445: 9034:17th-century Dutch diplomats 8979:Dutch political philosophers 8037:Institutional discrimination 8032:History of political thought 6764:Negative and positive rights 5283: 5169:Liberté, égalité, fraternité 4616:On the Laws of War and Peace 4608:On the Laws of War and Peace 4458:10.1080/01916599.2012.679114 4324:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 4320:Stumpf, Christoph A., 2006. 4184:——— and Rabbie, eds., 1994. 4012:Haggenmacher, Peter (1983). 3899:Craig, William Lane (1985). 3888:. London: John Murray, 1826. 3817:Blom, H. W.; Winkel, L. C.: 3290:. Riverdale, New York: Baen. 3274:Heinlein, Guillaume (1988). 1972:The Jurisprudence of Holland 1957:. Andover, MA: W. F. Draper. 1724:in the United States Capitol 1490:Grotius' personal motto was 1350:Engraved portrait of Grotius 1274:and the Netherlands and the 1009:Het Ampt der Kerckendienaren 984:Bona Fides Sibrandi Lubberti 914:aiming "at proving that the 677:Michiel Jansz. van Mierevelt 48:Michiel Jansz. van Mierevelt 7: 9084:Dutch Renaissance humanists 9049:Dutch expatriates in France 8724:Libertarian theories of law 8047:Justification for the state 7832:Two Treatises of Government 5138: 4618:(Latin, first edition 1625) 4601:Individual works by Grotius 4559:(public domain audiobooks) 4360:and Francisco de Vitoria's 4257:Remec, Peter Paul. (1960). 3997:10.1177/0090591785013002005 3923:Edwards, Charles S., 1981. 3876:Burigny, Jean Lévesque de: 3731:. Tübingen (Germany): Mohr. 3686:Vreeland, Hamilton (1917). 3574:Thumfart, Johannes (2009). 3323:Kraska, James (June 2011). 3182:. Tübingen (Germany): Mohr. 2336:Nellen, Henk J. M. (2014). 2064: 2040:Via ad pacem ecclesiasticam 1686:On the Law of War and Peace 1266:Living in the times of the 974:." In response to Grotius' 930:Led by Oldenbarnevelt, the 888:(a Remonstrant leader) and 631:with Spain, it was not yet 456:Jan Antonisz. van Ravesteyn 359:On the Law of War and Peace 10: 9170: 9104:International law scholars 8964:17th-century Dutch jurists 8235:International legal theory 6717:Bellum omnium contra omnes 5064: 4427:van Vollenhoven, Cornelius 4410:in November-December 1608" 4317:. Baden-Baden: NOMOS, 2007 4243:Great Jurists of the World 4177:Nellen, Henk J. M., 2007. 4118:Leger, James. St. (1962). 3599:Tooley, W. Andrew (2013). 3415:Nijenhuis, Willem (1972). 3131: 2291:Borschberg, Peter (2011), 2060:(On Destiny) – Paris, 1648 1783:Parallelon rerumpublicarum 1528:Benjamin Aubery du Maurier 1248: 1130:A book chest exhibited at 1059: 986:in response to Lubbertus. 794: 788: 18: 8821: 8752: 8669: 8576: 8258: 8200: 8187: 8134: 7984: 7753: 7401: 7134: 7014: 6933: 6845: 6836: 6702: 6536: 6465: 6294: 6226: 6180: 6082: 6039: 6018: 5965: 5934: 5918: 5865: 5799: 5751: 5715: 5682: 5601: 5560: 5404: 5293: 5289: 5278: 5183:Methodological skepticism 5074: 5070: 5059: 4971: 4920: 4854: 4818: 4797: 4786: 4780:Calvinist–Arminian debate 4757: 4717: 4712:Links to related articles 4446:History of European Ideas 4128:History of European Ideas 4028:, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2011), 3855:10.1017/S0018246X01002102 3824:Borschberg, Peter, 2011, 3464:10.1163/18760759-03300003 3392:10.1163/18760759-03300006 3344:Leeb, I. Leonard (1973). 3304:Israel, Jonathan (1995). 3297:The Development of Ethics 2820:Grotius & Kelsey 1925 2670:Grotius & Rabbie 1995 2209:. BIBLIOBAZAAR. pp. 2118:dr hab. Edmund Kotarski, 1588:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz 1039:Kloosterkerk in The Hague 972:Five Remonstrant Articles 509:learner, Grotius entered 433:Arminian–Calvinist debate 209: 204: 200: 175: 155: 145: 129: 119: 109: 105: 95: 77: 55: 37: 30: 9109:Leiden University alumni 9054:Dutch Golden Age writers 8969:17th-century Dutch poets 8806:Rational-legal authority 8694:German historical school 8679:Analytical jurisprudence 7922:The Revolt of the Masses 4390:. Cambridge Univ. Press. 4369:30/2009, pp. 65–87. 4298:Sommerville, Johann P.: 4186:Hugo Grotius, Theologian 4074:Kowalski, Klaus (2022). 3916:Dumbauld, Edward, 1969. 3910:A History of Apologetics 3783:. (1720). 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Brill. 2880:Encyclopædia Britannica 2760:Grotius & Blom 2009 2742:See his manuscript for 2235:Davies, Charles Maurice 1873:only in: Hugo Grotius, 1520:Jacques Auguste de Thou 836:In these years a great 753:unobstructed navigation 308:. He was imprisoned in 8861:WikiProject Philosophy 8215:Critical legal studies 6779: 6729:Clash of civilizations 6715: 5233: 5167: 5133:Enlightened absolutism 5124: 4855:Historical theologians 4810:Remonstrant Confession 4376:. S.P.C.K, 1965, 337pp 4208:Onuma, Yasuaki (ed.): 4066:Knight, W.S.M., 1925. 3944:Figgis, John Neville: 3908:Dulles, Avery (1999). 3843:The Historical Journal 3617:. England: Bloomsbury. 3144:Religion & Liberty 2534:10.11116/9789461664853 2364:Blom, Hans W. (2009). 2071:Coenraad van Beuningen 1996:De jure belli ac pacis 1948:Grotius, Hugo (1889). 1883:10.11116/9789461664853 1777:De republica emendanda 1736: 1725: 1642:satirized the Grotian 1636: 1573:De jure belli ac pacis 1557:De Jure Belli ac Pacis 1508:Gerhard Johann Vossius 1487: 1351: 1286: 1263: 1261:De jure belli ac pacis 1251:De jure belli ac pacis 1244:De Jure Belli ac Pacis 1210:Opera Omnia Theologica 1181:De jure belli ac pacis 1135: 1099: 1057: 967: 680: 620: 601:Maria van Reigersberch 519:Joseph Justus Scaliger 459: 454:Grotius at age 16, by 354:De jure belli ac pacis 114:Renaissance philosophy 9154:Natural law ethicists 8784:Law without the state 6744:Divine right of kings 5099:Counter-Enlightenment 4897:Thomas Osmond Summers 4577:Works by Hugo Grotius 4568:Works by Hugo Grotius 4553:Works by Hugo Grotius 4535:Works by Hugo Grotius 4481:First Grotius Lecture 4440:. The Hague: Nijhoff. 4397:. Oxford Univ. Press. 4313:Straumann, Benjamin: 4302:in Victoria Kahn and 4261:(The Hague: Nijhoff). 4084:10.7788/9783412524944 4061:Quinnipiac Law Review 4055:Kingsbury, Benedict: 3964:Gurvitch, G. (1927). 3951:Gellinek, Christian: 3798:Blom, Andrew (2016). 3505:Selden, John (1652). 3498:Ethics, vol.104:53-74 3353:Miller, John (2014). 3159:. Oxford: Oxford UP. 2203:Murray, John (1838). 1731: 1719: 1660:with the doctrine of 1649:Methuselah's Children 1631: 1610:called it boring and 1483: 1349: 1332:Further information: 1281: 1258: 1166:Grotius then fled to 1129: 1094:Grotius' escape from 1093: 1052: 962:Statue of Grotius in 961: 821:in 1607, and then as 795:Further information: 789:Further information: 674: 633:at war with the Dutch 614: 592:and its cargo in the 453: 398:international society 9064:Dutch legal scholars 9024:Christian apologists 8999:Arminian theologians 8744:Virtue jurisprudence 8684:Deontological ethics 7892:Democracy in America 7271:political philosophy 7254:political philosophy 7069:political philosophy 6898:political philosophy 6808:Separation of powers 6769:Night-watchman state 6754:Monopoly on violence 6288:Political philosophy 5053:Age of Enlightenment 4948:Ben Witherington III 4831:Conditional election 4702:Hugo Grotius' Quotes 4327:Takahashi, Sakuyei: 4280:Scharf, Michael P.: 4163:Mühlegger, Florian. 3941:. BRILL, 2009, 178pp 3819:Grotius and the Stoa 3491:. Assen: Van Gorcum. 3278:. Brill. p. 33. 3026:Acton Institute 2010 2784:Slot Loevestein 2019 2086:International waters 1741:Peace Palace Library 1627:Andrew Dickson White 1567:The king of Sweden, 1551:Influence of Grotius 1409:Johannes Wtenbogaert 1354:Grotius' concept of 1318:reparation of injury 1186:Louis XIII of France 1013:Johannes Wtenbogaert 936:religious toleration 886:Johannes Wtenbogaert 884:. On the other side 765:Francisco de Vitoria 761:On the Law of Spoils 599:In 1608, he married 472:Jan Cornets de Groot 386:Francisco de Vitoria 363:Louis XIII of France 333:Francisco de Vitoria 296:, diplomat, lawyer, 170:political philosophy 9124:Philosophers of war 9119:Philosophers of law 8082:Right-wing politics 7962:A Theory of Justice 7932:The Road to Serfdom 7852:The Social Contract 6559:Christian democracy 6059:Feijóo y Montenegro 6010:Vorontsova-Dashkova 4836:Unlimited atonement 4593:31 May 2020 at the 4513:Zuckert, Michael P. 4109:Lauterpacht, Hersch 4078:. Cologne: Böhlau. 4034:Heering, Jan-Paul: 3972:, vol. 34: 365–391. 3284:Heinlein, Robert A. 2393:. Oxon: Routledge. 2135:Ulam, Adam (1946). 1682:Carnegie Foundation 1577:King James VI and I 1455:Christine of Sweden 1453:In 1644, the queen 1372:American Revolution 1370:in England and the 1368:Glorious Revolution 1140:Elsje van Houwening 1081:Twelve Years' Truce 926:Edict of toleration 918:are far from being 882:Sibrandus Lubbertus 862:Twelve Years' Truce 848:) and the strongly 745:freedom of the seas 714:freedom of the seas 637:Jacob van Heemskerk 414:Peace of Westphalia 390:School of Salamanca 8637:The Concept of Law 8627:Pure Theory of Law 8094:Political violence 8089:Political theology 8072:Left-wing politics 8067:Political spectrum 5198:Natural philosophy 4921:Modern theologians 4651:3 May 2021 at the 4431:Grotius and Geneva 4412:(2005–2007) 26–28 4295:, pp. 115–32. 4264:Rommen, Heinrich: 4170:Neff, Stephen C.: 4020:Haskell, John D.: 3975:Haakonssen, Knud: 3833:Brandt, Reinhard: 3260:. New York: Brill. 3224:Fruin, R. (1871). 2949:www.britannica.com 2497:www.britannica.com 2272:www.britannica.com 1751:of 55 editions of 1737: 1726: 1640:Robert A. Heinlein 1506:, the philologist 1488: 1485:Syntagma Arateorum 1352: 1335:Temperamenta belli 1264: 1172:Cardinal Richelieu 1136: 1121:Johannes Althusius 1105:Rombout Hogerbeets 1100: 1058: 968: 894:James I of England 854:Franciscus Gomarus 803:Van Oldenbarnevelt 681: 623:The Dutch were at 621: 550:Henri IV of France 535:seven liberal arts 495:Ludolph van Ceulen 460: 124:Western philosophy 9114:People from Delft 8880: 8879: 8874: 8873: 8846:Philosophy portal 8607:The Spirit of Law 8245:Philosophy of law 8225:Economic analysis 8210:Constitutionalism 8147: 8146: 8057:Philosophy of law 8002:Conflict theories 7842:The Spirit of Law 7749: 7748: 6798:Original position 6254: 6253: 6222: 6221: 6218: 6217: 5274: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5247:Scientific method 5104:Critical thinking 5019: 5018: 5006:Holiness movement 4994:Wesleyan theology 4928:J. Kenneth Grider 4912:Henry Orton Wiley 4907:William Burt Pope 4539:Project Gutenberg 4349:10.1093/fh/crm053 4287:Scott, Jonathan: 4231:Rattigan, William 4192:O'Donovan, Oliver 4093:978-3-412-52492-0 3884:Butler, Charles: 3869:Buckle, Stephen: 3765:978-90-76660-51-6 3699:978-0-8377-2702-8 3661:978-0-521-89057-1 3642:978-90-04-14979-3 3635:. Boston: Brill. 3166:978-0-19-825569-7 2593:van Ittersum 2006 2543:978-94-6270-351-3 2478:978-1-59267-113-7 2400:978-1-317-30711-2 2375:978-90-04-17513-6 2347:978-90-04-27436-5 2301:978-9971-69-467-8 2250:978-1-151-01164-0 2189:Howell A. Lloyd, 1592:Francis Hutcheson 1569:Gustavus Adolphus 1512:Johannes Meursius 1500:Franciscus Junius 1444:Gustavus Adolphus 1434:'s ambassador to 1276:Thirty Years' War 1268:Eighty Years' War 1206:Thirty Years' War 966:, the Netherlands 932:States of Holland 567:Eighty Years' War 531:Martianus Capella 515:Franciscus Junius 511:Leiden University 480:Leiden University 341:international law 310:Loevestein Castle 306:Leiden University 218: 217: 166:international law 162:Philosophy of war 146:Academic advisors 100:Leiden University 89:Swedish Pomerania 9161: 9074:Dutch male poets 9004:Arminian writers 8921: 8920: 8909: 8908: 8897: 8896: 8888: 8854: 8853: 8839: 8829: 8828: 8709:Legal positivism 8662: 8652: 8642: 8632: 8622: 8612: 8602: 8592: 8250:Sociology of law 8174: 8167: 8160: 8151: 8150: 8062:Political ethics 8052:Machiavellianism 7992:Authoritarianism 7977: 7967: 7957: 7947: 7937: 7927: 7917: 7907: 7897: 7887: 7877: 7867: 7857: 7847: 7837: 7827: 7817: 7807: 7797: 7787: 7777: 7767: 6843: 6842: 6784: 6720: 6710:Balance of power 6684:Social democracy 6679:Social Darwinism 6654:Multiculturalism 6599:Environmentalism 6574:Communitarianism 6281: 6274: 6267: 6258: 6257: 6243: 6242: 5291: 5290: 5280: 5279: 5238: 5172: 5143: 5129: 5072: 5071: 5061: 5060: 5046: 5039: 5032: 5023: 5022: 5001:Adventist church 4984:General Baptists 4943:Grant R. Osborne 4867:Simon Episcopius 4862:Jacobus Arminius 4841:Prevenient grace 4792: 4744: 4737: 4730: 4721: 4720: 4708: 4707: 4698: 4689:Zalta, Edward N. 4679: 4564: 4563: 4548:Internet Archive 4469: 4372:Tooke, Joan D.: 4352: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4215:Osgood, Samuel: 4160: 4151: 4105: 4041:Jeffery, Renée: 4017: 4008: 3985:Political Theory 3913: 3904: 3891:Chappell, Vere: 3866: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3777: 3732: 3719: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3682: 3665: 3646: 3627: 3618: 3609: 3607: 3595: 3570: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3512: 3501: 3492: 3483: 3456:Brill Publishers 3434: 3425:Nussbaum, Arthur 3420: 3411: 3384:Brill Publishers 3362: 3349: 3340: 3319: 3300: 3291: 3279: 3270: 3269:. Leiden: Brill. 3261: 3252: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3220: 3183: 3170: 3151: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3089: 3083: 3077: 3071: 3065: 3059: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2960: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2876: 2865: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2740: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2685: 2679: 2673: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2573: 2562: 2556: 2555: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2464: 2458: 2452: 2441: 2438:von Siebold 1847 2435: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2361: 2352: 2351: 2333: 2327: 2321: 2315: 2309: 2303: 2289: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2264: 2255: 2254: 2231: 2225: 2224: 2200: 2194: 2187: 2181: 2180: 2132: 2126: 2113: 2091:Grotius Lectures 1958: 1956: 1936:) – Leiden, 1617 1850: 1810:) – Leiden, 1609 1798:Christus patiens 1749:Martinus Nijhoff 1698:Francisco Suárez 1662:infant damnation 1538:Andreas Schottus 1518:, the historian 1510:, the historian 1440:Axel Oxenstierna 1360:Samuel Pufendorf 1068:Sharp Resolution 1045:Arrest and exile 1025:Gerardus Vossius 1023:from his friend 1005:Antonius Walaeus 990:Jacobus Trigland 945:church and state 912:De Satisfactione 842:Jacobus Arminius 735:(The Closed Sea) 594:Singapore Strait 523:Rudolph Snellius 337:Alberico Gentili 329:political theory 291: 286: 278: 273: 262: 257: 256: 253: 252: 249: 246: 243: 240: 237: 234: 231: 214: 42: 28: 27: 21:KLM Flight 607-E 9169: 9168: 9164: 9163: 9162: 9160: 9159: 9158: 8929: 8928: 8927: 8915: 8903: 8891: 8883: 8881: 8876: 8875: 8870: 8856:WikiProject Law 8817: 8801:Question of law 8748: 8665: 8660: 8650: 8640: 8630: 8620: 8610: 8600: 8597:Treatise on Law 8590: 8572: 8254: 8220:Comparative law 8196: 8183: 8178: 8148: 8143: 8130: 8119:Totalitarianism 7980: 7975: 7965: 7955: 7945: 7935: 7925: 7915: 7905: 7895: 7885: 7875: 7865: 7855: 7845: 7835: 7825: 7815: 7805: 7795: 7792:Treatise on Law 7785: 7775: 7765: 7745: 7403: 7397: 7136: 7130: 7016: 7010: 6929: 6832: 6818:State of nature 6813:Social contract 6793:Ordered liberty 6781:Noblesse oblige 6698: 6532: 6461: 6290: 6285: 6255: 6250: 6249: 6236: 6214: 6176: 6078: 6035: 6014: 5961: 5930: 5926:Carvalho e Melo 5914: 5861: 5795: 5747: 5711: 5678: 5597: 5556: 5400: 5285: 5266: 5252:Spanish America 5126:Encyclopédistes 5089:Civil liberties 5066: 5055: 5050: 5020: 5015: 4967: 4958:Craig S. Keener 4916: 4882:Thomas Grantham 4850: 4826:Total depravity 4814: 4793: 4784: 4753: 4748: 4713: 4653:Wayback Machine 4595:Wayback Machine 4584:Wayback Machine 4561: 4526: 4408:De iure praedae 4379:Tuck, Richard: 4248: 4246: 4239:Macdonell, John 4094: 4048:Keene, Edward: 3808: 3806: 3766: 3739: 3737:Further reading 3704: 3702: 3700: 3662: 3643: 3605: 3551:10.2307/2856467 3527: 3525: 3522:Slot Loevestein 3337: 3316: 3235: 3233: 3201:10.2307/2585486 3167: 3134: 3129: 3128: 3120: 3116: 3108: 3104: 3096: 3092: 3084: 3080: 3072: 3068: 3064:, Introduction. 3060: 3056: 3050:Schneewind 1993 3048: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3012: 3008: 3000: 2996: 2988: 2984: 2976: 2963: 2953: 2951: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2930: 2926: 2918: 2914: 2904: 2902: 2892: 2888: 2866: 2862: 2854: 2850: 2842: 2838: 2830: 2826: 2818: 2814: 2806: 2802: 2794: 2790: 2782: 2778: 2770: 2766: 2758: 2754: 2741: 2737: 2729: 2725: 2717: 2688: 2680: 2676: 2668: 2664: 2656: 2647: 2639: 2635: 2627: 2623: 2615: 2611: 2603: 2599: 2591: 2584: 2571: 2569: 2564: 2563: 2559: 2544: 2520: 2516: 2501: 2499: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2479: 2465: 2461: 2453: 2444: 2436: 2432: 2424: 2420: 2412: 2408: 2401: 2387: 2383: 2376: 2362: 2355: 2348: 2334: 2330: 2322: 2318: 2310: 2306: 2290: 2286: 2276: 2274: 2266: 2265: 2258: 2251: 2232: 2228: 2221: 2201: 2197: 2188: 2184: 2153:10.2307/1949322 2133: 2129: 2114: 2110: 2105: 2067: 1954: 1934:Faustus Socinus 1818:François Vranck 1793:De Jure Praedae 1714: 1674: 1624: 1565: 1553: 1545:Pieter de Groot 1514:, the engineer 1504:Daniel Heinsius 1478: 1404: 1344: 1305:and of natural 1253: 1247: 1218: 1164: 1154:and the museum 1064: 1047: 1011:(a response to 928: 874:Conrad Vorstius 870: 799: 793: 787: 757:De Jure Praedae 643:merchant ship, 619:(circa 1604/05) 609: 562:historiographer 533:'s work on the 448: 440:First World War 361:) dedicated to 304:and studied at 292:), was a Dutch 289:[ˈɦœyx] 284: 271: 260: 228: 224: 178: 158: 96:Alma mater 91: 82: 73: 60: 51: 45: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9167: 9157: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9039:Dutch escapees 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8926: 8925: 8913: 8901: 8878: 8877: 8872: 8871: 8869: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8848: 8843: 8833: 8822: 8819: 8818: 8816: 8815: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8764: 8756: 8754: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8746: 8741: 8739:Utilitarianism 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8704:Legal moralism 8701: 8699:Interpretivism 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8675: 8673: 8667: 8666: 8664: 8663: 8653: 8643: 8633: 8623: 8613: 8603: 8593: 8582: 8580: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8264: 8262: 8256: 8255: 8253: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8206: 8204: 8198: 8197: 8195: 8194: 8188: 8185: 8184: 8177: 8176: 8169: 8162: 8154: 8145: 8144: 8142: 8141: 8135: 8132: 8131: 8129: 8128: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8109:Social justice 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8085: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8017:Egalitarianism 8014: 8009: 8007:Contractualism 8004: 7999: 7994: 7988: 7986: 7982: 7981: 7979: 7978: 7968: 7958: 7948: 7938: 7928: 7918: 7908: 7898: 7888: 7878: 7868: 7858: 7848: 7838: 7828: 7818: 7808: 7798: 7788: 7778: 7768: 7757: 7755: 7751: 7750: 7747: 7746: 7744: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7407: 7405: 7399: 7398: 7396: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7274: 7273: 7263: 7258: 7257: 7256: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7140: 7138: 7132: 7131: 7129: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7072: 7071: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7020: 7018: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6937: 6935: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6901: 6900: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6849: 6847: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6803:Overton window 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6712: 6706: 6704: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6634:Libertarianism 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6540: 6538: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6469: 6467: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6298: 6296: 6292: 6291: 6284: 6283: 6276: 6269: 6261: 6252: 6251: 6248: 6247: 6229: 6228: 6227: 6224: 6223: 6220: 6219: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6186: 6184: 6178: 6177: 6175: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6088: 6086: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6045: 6043: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6033: 6028: 6022: 6020: 6016: 6015: 6013: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5971: 5969: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5938: 5936: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5928: 5922: 5920: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5871: 5869: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5803: 5801: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5757: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5719: 5717: 5713: 5712: 5710: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5688: 5686: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5605: 5603: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5564: 5562: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5408: 5406: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5398: 5396:Wollstonecraft 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5297: 5295: 5287: 5286: 5276: 5275: 5272: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5173: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5135: 5130: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5075: 5068: 5067: 5057: 5056: 5049: 5048: 5041: 5034: 5026: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5013: 5011:Pentecostalism 5008: 5003: 4998: 4997: 4996: 4986: 4981: 4975: 4973: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4953:Roger E. Olson 4950: 4945: 4940: 4938:Thomas C. Oden 4935: 4930: 4924: 4922: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4892:Richard Watson 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4858: 4856: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4822: 4820: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4812: 4807: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4794: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4761: 4759: 4755: 4754: 4747: 4746: 4739: 4732: 4724: 4718: 4715: 4714: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4685:"Hugo Grotius" 4680: 4670:"Hugo Grotius" 4668:Blom, Andrew. 4665: 4656: 4637: 4636: 4628: 4620: 4612: 4598: 4597: 4574: 4565: 4550: 4541: 4525: 4524:External links 4522: 4521: 4520: 4510: 4505:Wilson, Eric: 4503: 4494: 4484: 4477: 4470: 4452:(2): 151–168. 4441: 4434: 4424: 4423:Leiden: Brill. 4417: 4398: 4391: 4384: 4377: 4370: 4353: 4343:(4): 377–394. 4337:French History 4332: 4325: 4318: 4311: 4296: 4285: 4278: 4273:Salter, John: 4271: 4268: 4262: 4255: 4227: 4220: 4213: 4206: 4199: 4189: 4182: 4175: 4168: 4161: 4152: 4134:(4): 536–552. 4123: 4116: 4106: 4092: 4071: 4064: 4063:, No.17, 1997) 4053: 4046: 4039: 4032: 4018: 4009: 3991:(2): 239–265. 3980: 3973: 3962: 3956: 3949: 3942: 3935: 3928: 3921: 3914: 3905: 3896: 3889: 3882: 3874: 3867: 3838: 3831: 3822: 3815: 3800:"Hugo Grotius" 3795: 3788: 3778: 3764: 3738: 3735: 3734: 3733: 3720: 3711: 3698: 3683: 3666: 3660: 3647: 3641: 3628: 3619: 3610: 3596: 3571: 3545:(1): 102–115. 3534: 3513: 3502: 3493: 3484: 3435: 3421: 3412: 3363: 3355:"Hugo Grotius" 3350: 3341: 3335: 3320: 3314: 3301: 3292: 3280: 3271: 3262: 3253: 3242: 3221: 3195:(3): 639–648. 3184: 3171: 3165: 3152: 3140:"Hugo Grotius" 3133: 3130: 3127: 3126: 3114: 3102: 3098:van Bunge 2017 3090: 3078: 3066: 3054: 3042: 3030: 3018: 3016:, p. 639. 3006: 3004:, p. 324. 2994: 2982: 2961: 2936: 2924: 2912: 2886: 2871:, ed. (1911). 2869:Chisholm, Hugh 2860: 2848: 2836: 2824: 2812: 2810:, p. 184. 2800: 2788: 2776: 2764: 2752: 2735: 2723: 2686: 2682:Nijenhuis 1972 2674: 2662: 2645: 2633: 2621: 2609: 2597: 2582: 2557: 2542: 2514: 2484: 2477: 2459: 2442: 2430: 2418: 2406: 2399: 2381: 2374: 2353: 2346: 2328: 2316: 2304: 2284: 2256: 2249: 2226: 2219: 2195: 2182: 2147:(3): 485–494. 2127: 2107: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2100: 2099: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2076:Emer de Vattel 2073: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2061: 2055: 2049: 2043: 2037: 2031: 2024: 2023: 2016: 2015: 2008: 2007: 2000: 1999: 1993: 1983: 1976: 1975: 1968: 1967: 1960: 1959: 1945: 1938: 1937: 1926: 1925: 1918: 1917: 1910: 1909: 1902: 1901: 1894: 1893: 1886: 1867: 1860: 1859: 1852: 1851: 1842: 1841: 1834: 1833: 1826: 1825: 1811: 1801: 1795: 1786: 1780: 1774: 1768: 1713: 1710: 1694:Thomas Aquinas 1673: 1670: 1623: 1620: 1564: 1561: 1552: 1549: 1477: 1474: 1403: 1400: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1338: 1329: 1328: 1325: 1310: 1249:Main article: 1246: 1241: 1217: 1214: 1163: 1160: 1156:Het Prinsenhof 1098:Castle in 1621 1060:Main article: 1046: 1043: 976:Ordinum Pietas 927: 924: 903:Ordinum Pietas 869: 866: 786: 783: 646:Santa Catarina 629:closely allied 625:war with Spain 608: 605: 493:and friend of 476:Justus Lipsius 447: 444: 429:Pentecostalism 314:Dutch Republic 216: 215: 207: 206: 202: 201: 198: 197: 189:principles in 183:natural rights 179: 176: 173: 172: 159: 157:Main interests 156: 153: 152: 150:Justus Lipsius 147: 143: 142: 133: 127: 126: 121: 117: 116: 111: 107: 106: 103: 102: 97: 93: 92: 83: 79: 75: 74: 71:Dutch Republic 61: 57: 53: 52: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9166: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8936: 8934: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8889: 8886: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8838: 8834: 8832: 8824: 8823: 8820: 8814: 8813: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8796: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8769: 8765: 8763: 8762: 8758: 8757: 8755: 8751: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8714:Legal realism 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8676: 8674: 8672: 8668: 8659: 8658: 8654: 8649: 8648: 8644: 8639: 8638: 8634: 8629: 8628: 8624: 8619: 8618: 8614: 8609: 8608: 8604: 8599: 8598: 8594: 8589: 8588: 8584: 8583: 8581: 8579: 8575: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8265: 8263: 8261: 8257: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8240:Legal history 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8207: 8205: 8203: 8199: 8193: 8190: 8189: 8186: 8182: 8181:Jurisprudence 8175: 8170: 8168: 8163: 8161: 8156: 8155: 8152: 8140: 8137: 8136: 8133: 8127: 8126: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8069: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8042:Jurisprudence 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7989: 7987: 7983: 7974: 7973: 7969: 7964: 7963: 7959: 7954: 7953: 7949: 7944: 7943: 7939: 7934: 7933: 7929: 7924: 7923: 7919: 7914: 7913: 7909: 7904: 7903: 7899: 7894: 7893: 7889: 7884: 7883: 7879: 7874: 7873: 7872:Rights of Man 7869: 7864: 7863: 7859: 7854: 7853: 7849: 7844: 7843: 7839: 7834: 7833: 7829: 7824: 7823: 7819: 7814: 7813: 7809: 7804: 7803: 7799: 7794: 7793: 7789: 7784: 7783: 7782:De re publica 7779: 7774: 7773: 7769: 7764: 7763: 7759: 7758: 7756: 7752: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7408: 7406: 7402:20th and 21st 7400: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7272: 7269: 7268: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7255: 7252: 7251: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7135:18th and 19th 7133: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7070: 7067: 7066: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7013: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6991:Nizam al-Mulk 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6938: 6936: 6932: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6850: 6848: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6835: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6783: 6782: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6719: 6718: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6701: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6674:Republicanism 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6535: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6468: 6464: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6299: 6297: 6293: 6289: 6282: 6277: 6275: 6270: 6268: 6263: 6262: 6259: 6246: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6225: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6187: 6185: 6183: 6182:United States 6179: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6085: 6081: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6038: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6017: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5972: 5970: 5968: 5964: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5942:Budai-Deleanu 5940: 5939: 5937: 5933: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5921: 5917: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5864: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5798: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5750: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5714: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5681: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5600: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5559: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5407: 5403: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5306:Ashley-Cooper 5304: 5302: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5281: 5277: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5236: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5208:Progressivism 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5178: 5174: 5171: 5170: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5157:Individualism 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5128: 5127: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5073: 5069: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5047: 5042: 5040: 5035: 5033: 5028: 5027: 5024: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4995: 4992: 4991: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4963:B. J. Oropeza 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4919: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4853: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4817: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4796: 4791: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4770:Synod of Dort 4768: 4766: 4765:Protestantism 4763: 4762: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4745: 4740: 4738: 4733: 4731: 4726: 4725: 4722: 4716: 4709: 4703: 4700: 4696: 4695: 4690: 4686: 4683:Miller, Jon. 4681: 4677: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4664: 4660: 4657: 4654: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4643: 4642: 4641: 4634: 4633: 4629: 4626: 4625: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4605: 4604: 4603: 4602: 4596: 4592: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4569: 4566: 4558: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4536: 4533: 4532: 4531: 4530: 4518: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4504: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4492: 4488: 4487:Wight, Martin 4485: 4482: 4478: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4442: 4439: 4435: 4432: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4418: 4415: 4411: 4409: 4405: 4399: 4396: 4392: 4389: 4385: 4382: 4378: 4375: 4371: 4368: 4364: 4363: 4359: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4333: 4330: 4326: 4323: 4319: 4316: 4312: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4283: 4279: 4276: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4263: 4260: 4256: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4221: 4218: 4214: 4211: 4207: 4204: 4200: 4197: 4193: 4190: 4187: 4183: 4180: 4176: 4173: 4169: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4124: 4121: 4117: 4114: 4110: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4072: 4069: 4065: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4051: 4047: 4044: 4040: 4037: 4033: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3981: 3978: 3974: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3950: 3947: 3943: 3940: 3936: 3933: 3929: 3926: 3922: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3902: 3897: 3894: 3890: 3887: 3883: 3880: 3875: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3839: 3836: 3832: 3829: 3828: 3823: 3820: 3816: 3805: 3801: 3796: 3793: 3790:Bell, Jordy: 3789: 3786: 3782: 3781:Bayle, Pierre 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3761: 3757: 3752: 3751: 3750: 3748: 3744: 3730: 3727:(in German). 3726: 3721: 3717: 3712: 3701: 3695: 3691: 3690: 3684: 3680: 3677:(in French). 3676: 3672: 3667: 3663: 3657: 3653: 3648: 3644: 3638: 3634: 3629: 3625: 3620: 3616: 3611: 3604: 3603: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3535: 3523: 3519: 3514: 3510: 3509: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3432: 3431: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3347: 3342: 3338: 3336:9780313387258 3332: 3328: 3327: 3321: 3317: 3315:0-19-873072-1 3311: 3307: 3302: 3298: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3259: 3254: 3250: 3249: 3243: 3231: 3227: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3185: 3181: 3178:(in German). 3177: 3172: 3168: 3162: 3158: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3135: 3123: 3118: 3111: 3106: 3099: 3094: 3087: 3082: 3076:, p. 24. 3075: 3070: 3063: 3058: 3051: 3046: 3039: 3034: 3027: 3022: 3015: 3010: 3003: 3002:Heinlein 1958 2998: 2991: 2986: 2980:, p. 25. 2979: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2950: 2946: 2940: 2933: 2928: 2921: 2916: 2901: 2897: 2890: 2882: 2881: 2875: 2874:"Delft" 2870: 2864: 2857: 2852: 2845: 2840: 2833: 2828: 2821: 2816: 2809: 2804: 2797: 2792: 2785: 2780: 2773: 2768: 2761: 2756: 2749: 2745: 2739: 2732: 2731:Vreeland 1917 2727: 2720: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2683: 2678: 2671: 2666: 2659: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2642: 2641:Vreeland 1917 2637: 2630: 2629:Nussbaum 1947 2625: 2618: 2613: 2607:, p. 88. 2606: 2601: 2594: 2589: 2587: 2579: 2567: 2561: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2526: 2518: 2511: 2498: 2494: 2488: 2480: 2474: 2470: 2463: 2456: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2439: 2434: 2427: 2422: 2415: 2414:Vreeland 1917 2410: 2402: 2396: 2392: 2385: 2377: 2371: 2367: 2360: 2358: 2349: 2343: 2339: 2332: 2325: 2324:Thumfart 2009 2320: 2313: 2308: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2288: 2273: 2269: 2263: 2261: 2252: 2246: 2242: 2241: 2236: 2230: 2222: 2220:1-117-07017-4 2216: 2212: 2208: 2207: 2199: 2192: 2186: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2131: 2124: 2121: 2117: 2112: 2108: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2005: 2002: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1965: 1962: 1961: 1953: 1952: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1928: 1927: 1923: 1920: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1911: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1848: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1762: 1761: 1760: 1756: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1734: 1730: 1723: 1718: 1709: 1707: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1669: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1650: 1645: 1641: 1638:In contrast, 1635: 1630: 1628: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1560: 1558: 1548: 1546: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1486: 1482: 1476:Personal life 1473: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1458: 1456: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1421:de Courcelles 1418: 1414: 1410: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1384:Old Testament 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1348: 1337: 1336: 1331: 1330: 1326: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1299: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1291: 1285: 1280: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1245: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1189: 1187: 1184:dedicated to 1183: 1182: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1162:Life in Paris 1159: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1133: 1128: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1106: 1097: 1092: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1069: 1063: 1055: 1051: 1042: 1040: 1035: 1033: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1001: 999: 995: 991: 987: 985: 981: 977: 973: 965: 960: 956: 954: 950: 946: 942: 937: 933: 923: 921: 917: 913: 907: 905: 904: 897: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 865: 863: 857: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 834: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 798: 792: 782: 780: 777:, though the 776: 772: 771: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 741: 740: 736: 733: 732: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 702: 697: 692: 690: 689:On the Indies 686: 678: 673: 669: 667: 663: 659: 654: 652: 648: 647: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 618: 613: 607:Jurist career 604: 602: 597: 595: 591: 586: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 542: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 505:education. A 504: 500: 496: 492: 487: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 457: 452: 443: 441: 436: 434: 430: 426: 422: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 382: 380: 379: 374: 373:The Free Seas 370: 369: 364: 360: 356: 355: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 325: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 290: 282: 281:Huig de Groot 277: 269: 268:Hugo de Groot 265: 264: 255: 222: 213: 208: 203: 199: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 177:Notable ideas 174: 171: 167: 163: 160: 154: 151: 148: 144: 141: 137: 134: 132: 128: 125: 122: 118: 115: 112: 108: 104: 101: 98: 94: 90: 86: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 59:10 April 1583 58: 54: 49: 41: 36: 29: 26: 22: 9149:Groot Family 9139:Remonstrants 9134:Rationalists 9044:Dutch exiles 8949:Hugo Grotius 8899:Christianity 8812:Usul al-Fiqh 8810: 8793: 8789:Legal system 8766: 8759: 8657:Law's Empire 8655: 8645: 8635: 8625: 8615: 8605: 8595: 8585: 8347: 8260:Philosophers 8202:Legal theory 8123: 8022:Elite theory 7970: 7960: 7950: 7940: 7930: 7920: 7910: 7900: 7890: 7880: 7870: 7860: 7850: 7840: 7830: 7820: 7810: 7800: 7790: 7780: 7770: 7760: 7059:Guicciardini 7053: 7015:Early modern 6838:Philosophers 6788:Open society 6724:Body politic 6594:Distributism 6584:Conservatism 6579:Confucianism 6498:Gerontocracy 6488:Dictatorship 6442:Sovereignty‎ 6432:Ruling class 6322:Emancipation 6307:Citizenship‎ 6230: 5975:Catherine II 5816: 5427:Beaumarchais 5257:Universality 5228:Reductionism 5175: 5152:Human rights 4933:David Pawson 4877:John Goodwin 4872:Hugo Grotius 4871: 4775:Remonstrants 4692: 4673: 4639: 4638: 4631: 4623: 4615: 4607: 4600: 4599: 4528: 4527: 4516: 4506: 4497: 4490: 4480: 4473: 4449: 4445: 4437: 4430: 4420: 4413: 4407: 4404:Mare liberum 4403: 4394: 4387: 4380: 4373: 4366: 4361: 4358:Mare Liberum 4357: 4340: 4336: 4328: 4321: 4314: 4307: 4304:Lorna Hutson 4299: 4292: 4288: 4281: 4274: 4265: 4258: 4247:. 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5639:Lichtenberg 5517:Montesquieu 5235:Sapere aude 5218:Rationalism 5213:Rationality 5203:Objectivity 4887:John Wesley 4751:Arminianism 4529:Collections 4436:———, 1919. 4402:"Preparing 4393:———, 1999. 4386:———, 1993. 3705:16 February 3528:28 November 3368:De Veritate 3074:Miller 2014 3038:Irving 2008 2978:Miller 2014 2920:Miller 2014 2900:DutchReview 2808:Tooley 2013 2796:Miller 2014 2772:Israel 1995 2658:Miller 2014 2617:Selden 1652 2605:Kraska 2011 2455:Miller 2014 1771:Adamus exul 1690:World War I 1604:Thomas Reid 1502:, the poet 1470:Nieuwe Kerk 1462:shipwrecked 1402:Later years 1356:natural law 1342:Natural law 1237:Arminianism 1148:Rijksmuseum 949:Erastianism 878:Socinianism 838:theological 770:jus gentium 726:John Selden 575:Netherlands 466:during the 410:Hedley Bull 345:natural law 343:, based on 191:natural law 136:Natural law 8933:Categories 8841:Law portal 8468:Petrażycki 8458:Pashukanis 8453:Olivecrona 8388:Hägerström 8303:Blackstone 8104:Separatism 7912:On Liberty 7812:The Prince 7541:Huntington 7044:Campanella 6971:al-Ghazali 6920:Thucydides 6878:Lactantius 6823:Statolatry 6649:Monarchism 6629:Liberalism 6554:Capitalism 6537:Ideologies 6518:Plutocracy 6466:Government 6422:Revolution 6407:Propaganda 6357:Legitimacy 6332:Government 6074:Villarroel 6069:Jovellanos 6005:Radishchev 5952:Micu-Klein 5890:Niemcewicz 5857:Swammerdam 5847:Nieuwentyt 5837:Mandeville 5692:Farmakidis 5578:Burlamaqui 5487:La Mettrie 5462:Fontenelle 5417:d'Argenson 5412:d'Alembert 5336:Harrington 5262:Utopianism 5162:Liberalism 5119:Empiricism 5094:Classicism 5084:Capitalism 4902:John Miley 4758:Background 4610:(abridged) 3809:12 January 3774:1060613096 3524:(in Dutch) 3236:26 January 3122:Fruin 1871 3014:Forde 1998 2990:White 1910 2934:, note 67. 2595:, Chap. 1. 2426:Stahl 1965 2191:Jean Bodin 2103:References 1765:illustrati 1688:after the 1678:positivism 1600:David Hume 1596:Adam Smith 1532:Brabantian 1472:in Delft. 1448:diplomatic 1413:Episcopius 1396:revelation 1364:John Locke 1322:punishment 1230:John Miley 1176:Louis XIII 1132:Loevestein 1096:Loevestein 1054:Loevestein 1007:published 953:providence 823:Pensionary 718:monopolies 507:prodigious 491:Archimedes 446:Early life 349:Protestant 298:theologian 181:Theory of 9089:Erastians 8601:(c. 1270) 8483:Pufendorf 8418:Llewellyn 8278:Aristotle 7822:Leviathan 7802:Monarchia 7796:(c. 1274) 7631:Oakeshott 7576:Mansfield 7571:Luxemburg 7556:Kropotkin 7451:Bernstein 7404:centuries 7318:Nietzsche 7261:Jefferson 7189:Condorcet 7137:centuries 7116:Pufendorf 6981:Marsilius 6868:Confucius 6853:Aristotle 6846:Antiquity 6774:Noble lie 6694:Third Way 6689:Socialism 6614:Feudalism 6569:Communism 6549:Anarchism 6528:Theocracy 6513:Oligarchy 6493:Democracy 6478:Autocracy 6392:Pluralism 6377:Obedience 6342:Hierarchy 6302:Authority 6195:Jefferson 6137:Hutcheson 6026:Obradović 5995:Lomonosov 5990:Kheraskov 5900:Śniadecki 5664:Weishaupt 5659:Thomasius 5649:Pufendorf 5492:Lavoisier 5477:d'Holbach 5472:Helvétius 5452:Descartes 5447:Condorcet 5442:Condillac 5376:Priestley 5193:Modernity 5114:Democracy 4989:Methodism 4972:Movements 4798:Documents 4466:154860314 4235:"GROTIUS" 4148:149954929 4102:248843705 4005:144743124 3959:Grotiana. 3863:159489997 3567:161708230 3480:0167-3831 3472:1876-0759 3458:: 58–69. 3408:0167-3831 3400:1876-0759 3386:: 25–57. 3217:143831729 3110:Leeb 1973 2932:H.M. 1988 2905:28 August 2856:Elze 1958 2844:Wolf 1986 2643:, chap 3. 2552:251530133 2416:, chap 1. 2177:146226931 2161:0003-0554 1822:Deduction 1745:The Hague 1706:jus belli 1666:necessary 1616:Pufendorf 1492:Ruit hora 1390:), which 1388:Decalogue 1234:Methodist 1222:atonement 1152:Amsterdam 1077:Gomarists 920:Socinians 916:Arminians 850:Calvinist 827:Rotterdam 819:Friesland 775:high seas 666:polemical 662:Mennonite 558:The Hague 484:patrician 425:Methodism 318:Gorinchem 263:-shee-əss 205:Signature 8923:Politics 8831:Category 8753:Concepts 8719:Legalism 8671:Theories 8558:Voegelin 8528:Scaevola 8488:Radbruch 8463:Perelman 8448:Nussbaum 8393:Jellinek 8358:Habermas 8353:Gurvitch 8323:Durkheim 8293:Beccaria 8077:Centrism 7772:Politics 7762:Republic 7731:Voegelin 7711:Spengler 7696:Shariati 7671:Rothbard 7626:Nussbaum 7526:Habermas 7501:Fukuyama 7491:Foucault 7416:Ambedkar 7393:Voltaire 7363:de Staël 7338:Rousseau 7219:Franklin 7194:Constant 7154:Beccaria 6986:Muhammad 6966:Gelasius 6951:Averroes 6925:Xenophon 6905:Polybius 6858:Chanakya 6703:Concepts 6669:Populism 6639:Localism 6624:Islamism 6609:Feminism 6508:Monarchy 6412:Property 6402:Progress 6367:Monopoly 6337:Hegemony 6245:Category 6190:Franklin 6157:Playfair 6127:Ferguson 6084:Scotland 6031:Mrazović 5985:Kantemir 5980:Fonvizin 5919:Portugal 5885:Krasicki 5880:Konarski 5875:Kołłątaj 5827:Koerbagh 5776:Genovesi 5761:Beccaria 5723:Berkeley 5654:Schiller 5619:Humboldt 5593:Saussure 5588:Rousseau 5552:Voltaire 5507:Maréchal 5482:Jaucourt 5437:Châtelet 5432:Chamfort 5381:Reynolds 5284:Thinkers 5188:Midlands 5177:Lumières 5147:Humanism 5140:Haskalah 4819:Doctrine 4649:Archived 4591:Archived 4580:Archived 4557:LibriVox 4429:, 1926. 4414:Grotiana 4367:Grotiana 4306:, eds., 4249:11 March 4233:(1913). 3580:Grotiana 3539:Speculum 3444:Grotiana 3427:(1947). 3372:Grotiana 3286:(1958). 2954:21 April 2744:Meletius 2502:21 April 2277:21 April 2237:(2010). 2065:See also 1847:Meletius 1838:Meletius 1824:of 1587) 1808:De Indis 1789:De Indis 1654:doctrine 1612:Rousseau 1608:Voltaire 1524:Erpinius 1380:creation 1270:between 1015:'s 1610 685:De Indis 617:De Indis 573:and the 569:between 499:humanist 462:Born in 421:theology 418:Arminian 388:and the 365:and the 294:humanist 187:just war 140:humanism 8885:Portals 8866:changes 8779:Justice 8533:Schmitt 8523:Savigny 8503:Reinach 8428:Maistre 8423:Luhmann 8398:Jhering 8348:Grotius 8333:Ehrlich 8328:Dworkin 8318:Cardozo 8298:Bentham 8288:Bastiat 8273:Aquinas 8114:Statism 8027:Elitism 7985:Related 7786:(51 BC) 7716:Strauss 7691:Scruton 7686:Schmitt 7676:Russell 7596:Michels 7591:Maurras 7586:Marcuse 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3559:2856467 3209:2585486 3132:Sources 2572:1 April 2169:1949322 2058:De fato 1890:Annales 1871:Annales 1629:wrote: 1466:Rostock 1425:Leclerc 1307:justice 1204:of the 815:Zeeland 811:Holland 722:England 706:nations 679:, 1608) 641:carrack 590:carrack 583:Tacitus 554:Holland 529:author 406:warfare 347:in its 85:Rostock 67:Holland 8911:Poetry 8761:Dharma 8661:(1986) 8651:(1980) 8641:(1961) 8631:(1934) 8621:(1820) 8611:(1748) 8563:Walzer 8543:Suárez 8508:Renner 8473:Posner 8443:Müller 8408:Kelsen 8383:Hobbes 8363:Haller 8343:Fuller 8338:Finnis 8308:Bobbio 8283:Austin 7976:(1992) 7966:(1971) 7956:(1951) 7946:(1945) 7936:(1944) 7926:(1929) 7916:(1859) 7906:(1848) 7886:(1820) 7876:(1791) 7866:(1790) 7856:(1762) 7846:(1748) 7836:(1689) 7826:(1651) 7816:(1532) 7806:(1313) 7736:Walzer 7726:Taylor 7681:Sartre 7646:Popper 7641:Pareto 7636:Ortega 7621:Nozick 7611:Mouffe 7561:Laclau 7521:Guénon 7506:Gandhi 7446:Berlin 7436:Bauman 7431:Badiou 7421:Arendt 7388:Tucker 7278:Le Bon 7239:Herder 7229:Haller 7224:Godwin 7209:Fichte 7204:Engels 7199:Cortés 7169:Bonald 7126:Suárez 7101:Milton 7091:Luther 7064:Hobbes 7049:Filmer 7039:Calvin 7024:Boétie 7017:period 6996:Ockham 6863:Cicero 6664:Nazism 6452:Utopia 6427:Rights 6417:Regime 6387:People 6372:Nation 6152:Newton 6142:Hutton 6122:Cullen 6019:Serbia 5967:Russia 5957:Șincai 5867:Poland 5807:Bekker 5781:Pagano 5743:Toland 5707:Korais 5702:Kairis 5684:Greece 5614:Herder 5609:Goethe 5573:Bonnet 5561:Geneva 5547:Turgot 5537:Raynal 5527:Pascal 5467:Gouges 5405:France 5391:Tindal 5386:Sidney 5361:Newton 5356:Milton 5331:Godwin 5326:Gibbon 5223:Reason 5065:Topics 4464: 4146: 4100: 4090: 4003: 3861: 3772: 3762: 3696: 3658: 3639: 3565: 3557: 3478: 3470: 3452:Leiden 3406: 3398: 3380:Leiden 3333: 3312: 3215: 3207: 3163: 2550: 2540: 2475: 2397: 2372: 2344: 2299: 2247: 2217: 2175: 2167: 2159: 1767:- 1599 1735:(1732) 1535:Jesuit 1436:France 1432:Sweden 1423:, and 1392:Christ 1376:nature 1320:, and 521:, and 458:, 1599 378:rights 322:France 285:Dutch: 272:Dutch: 131:School 120:Region 50:, 1631 8578:Works 8568:Weber 8553:Unger 8548:Stahl 8538:Shang 8493:Rawls 8478:Pound 8413:Leoni 8378:Hegel 8268:Alexy 8192:Index 8125:Index 7754:Works 7741:Weber 7706:Spann 7701:Sorel 7666:Röpke 7661:Rawls 7616:Negri 7606:Mosca 7601:Mises 7566:Lenin 7536:Hoppe 7531:Hayek 7496:Fromm 7486:Evola 7476:Dugin 7373:Taine 7353:Smith 7333:Renan 7328:Paine 7249:Iqbal 7234:Hegel 7184:Comte 7174:Burke 7086:Locke 7076:James 7029:Bodin 6961:Dante 6956:Bruni 6910:Shang 6893:Plato 6447:State 6397:Power 6382:Peace 6317:Elite 6295:Terms 6210:Paine 6205:Mason 6167:Smith 6117:Burns 6102:Blair 6097:Black 6041:Spain 5947:Maior 5842:Meyer 5786:Verri 5753:Italy 5738:Swift 5733:Burke 5728:Boyle 5674:Wolff 5502:Mably 5422:Bayle 5371:Price 5351:Locke 5341:Hooke 5311:Bacon 5109:Deism 4687:. 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