265:
they can retreat, and will fight much harder because of the lack of alternatives. Moreover, foreign regimes usually have fewer active supporters in the theater, and those that exist can often be easily identified, making it possible for guerrilla armies to identify their targets. By contrast, indigenous regimes often have much more popular support, and their supporters are often not easily recognized as such, making it much harder to conduct operations against them without also causing harm to neutral parties.
2214:
214:
758:
697:
2228:
46:
154:. In turn, China presented themselves as models of independent nationalist development outside of Western influence, particularly as such posturing and other long-term hostility meant they were regarded as a threat to Western power and regarded themselves as such, using their resources to politically, economically and militarily assist movements such as in
264:
These strategies explain why they are quite successful against foreign regimes and quite unsuccessful against indigenous regimes. Foreign regimes usually have a threshold beyond which they would prefer to go home rather than to fight the war. By contrast, an indigenous regime has no place to which
256:
of national liberation are usually fought using guerrilla warfare. The main purpose of these tactics is to increase the cost of the anti-guerrilla forces past the point where such forces are willing to bear. Wars of national liberation generally depend on widespread public support, with ordinary
204:
states tend to view them as international wars. This difference in classification leads to varying perceptions of which laws of war apply in such situations. However, there is general agreement among all states today in principle that the use of force to frustrate a people's legal right to
1825:"Rendering an area ethnically homogenous by using force or in- timidation to remove from a given area persons of another ethnic or religious group" seems, in fact, an essential element in the program of many state builders and national liberation movements.
1675:"Buildup of U.S. Forces in VietNam, Statement by Secretary of Defense, Robert S. McNamara, Before the Subcommittee on Department of Defense Appropriations of the Senate Committee on Appropriations on August 4, 1965"
1587:
2246:
594:(PAC). It is the only non-African national liberation movement to hold observer status in the OAU, and was one of the first national liberation movements granted permanent observer status by the
1950:"Observer status of national liberation movements recognized by the Organization of African Unity and/or the League of Arab States :: resolutions /: adopted by the General Assembly"
142:
pledged support for "wars of national liberation" throughout the world. On the other hand, the Soviet involvement was often viewed as a way to increase the size and influence of the
2242:
Edre U. Olalia, Vice
President of International Association of People’s Lawyers (IAPL) THE STATUS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW OF NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENTS AND THEIR USE OF ARMED FORCE
609:
The following current conflicts have sometimes also been characterized as wars or struggles of national liberation (such a designation is often subject to controversy):
126:, the phrase has often been applied selectively to criticize the foreign power involved. Some of these wars were either vocally or materially supported by the
582:(PLO) is a national liberation movement, meaning that it holds official recognition of its legal status as such. Other national liberation movements in the
1572:
1837:
Kelman, Herbert C. (1997). "Negotiating
National Identity and Self-Determination in Ethnic Conflicts: The Choice Between Pluralism and Ethnic Cleansing".
369:
313:
257:
civilians providing crucial support. Finally, wars of national liberation are often embedded in a larger context of great power politics and are often
30:"National liberation", "Liberation struggle", "War of independence", and "War of Liberation" redirect here. For the concept in Marxist thought, see
1022:
2247:
Edre U. Olalia, Vice
President of International Association of People’s Lawyers - The status in International Law of National Liberation Movements
1969:
951:
1612:
718:
486:
666:
since 1975 and considered its guerrilla war against
Morocco as national liberation war (like many foreign observers, countries and the
2281:
893:
317:
87:. The term is used in conjunction with wars against foreign powers (or at least those perceived as foreign) to establish separate
2033:
Evangelista, Matthew (2002), The
Chechen wars: will Russia go the way of the Soviet Union?, p. 142. Brookings Institution Press,
1592:
1582:
1018:
515:
2271:
2194:
2173:
2149:
2128:
2105:
2078:
2046:
1763:
1465:
844:
309:
598:
pursuant to a 1974 resolution. The PLO also participates in UN Security
Council debates; since 1988, it has represented the
1175:
1420:
401:
17:
1052:
476:
were shared by many anticolonialist leaders, thus explaining the objective alliance between anticolonialist forces and
2251:
2070:
2038:
2021:
1932:
1729:
1712:
1654:
1447:
1353:
1331:
744:
591:
579:
726:
1003:
1451:
1218:
1154:
1048:
595:
1954:
1916:
1562:
1513:
941:
722:
539:
499:
425:
393:
2266:
1482:
1161:
872:
851:
397:
31:
2286:
1597:
1518:
1476:
1357:
1282:
1233:
1140:
762:
644:
567:
292:(1791-1804) can be considered to be one of the first wars of national liberation. It pitted self-liberated
39:
35:
1349:
1206:
1168:
1147:
1063:
637:
413:
1577:
2062:
1642:
1386:
900:
794:
1538:
1441:
1293:
886:
858:
773:
587:
449:
441:
409:
349:
329:
58:
448:(1954–62) were all considered national liberation wars by the rebelling sides of the conflicts. The
1488:
707:
543:
357:
1382:
2276:
1214:
976:
833:
808:
801:
711:
526:
would pledge support for "wars of national liberation" throughout the world. In the same decade,
511:
54:
682:. The hostilities are frozen since the 1991 cease-fire following the settlement plan agreement.
507:
325:
308:
had caused a rise of national consciousness in the
Atlantic world. At the same time during the
2184:
2163:
1401:
2139:
2095:
1963:
1646:
1636:
1304:
913:
555:
417:
2165:
The Soviet Union and revolutionary warfare: principles, practices, and regional comparisons
2141:
Native vs. settler: ethnic conflict in Israel/Palestine, Northern
Ireland, and South Africa
947:
879:
787:
780:
551:
226:
161:
When the nation is defined in ethnic terms, wars fought to liberate it have often entailed
8:
1674:
1567:
1120:
930:
433:
301:
297:
114:
The term "wars of national liberation" is most commonly used for those fought during the
108:
2117:
1854:
1816:
1808:
1670:
1552:
1494:
1431:
1341:, aimed at creating a socialist republic within a united Ireland, from 1969 until 1998.
1187:
1036:
865:
826:
622:
603:
599:
461:
456:
regime is also another example. Most of these rebellions were in part supported by the
421:
361:
289:
185:
151:
104:
50:
2190:
2169:
2159:
2145:
2124:
2101:
2074:
2066:
2042:
2034:
2017:
1928:
1858:
1820:
1800:
1759:
1708:
1650:
1427:
1416:
1198:
958:
919:
674:
movement. Polisario had been recognized by many countries, the
African Union and the
618:
535:
523:
503:
337:
305:
300:, coming about during a period in history where interconnected movements such as the
242:
177:
139:
100:
91:
for the rebelling nationality. From a different point of view, such wars are called
1920:
1846:
1792:
1607:
1461:
1455:
1327:
1202:
1109:
1029:
353:
162:
131:
1890:"The Application of International Humanitarian Law to Wars of National Liberation"
2219:
1704:
1588:
List of active separatist movements recognized by intergovernmental organizations
1319:
1113:
1075:
837:
819:
659:
527:
341:
246:
135:
122:, against Western powers and their economic influence, and a major aspect of the
88:
2233:
1338:
1059:
906:
815:
679:
675:
663:
648:
405:
333:
321:
279:
238:
115:
62:
1949:
1850:
2260:
2009:
1804:
1557:
1297:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1131:
984:
934:
923:
667:
559:
547:
189:
1408:
1323:
1275:
1222:
1210:
1183:
965:
671:
632:
Some Iraqi insurgent groups, and certain political groups believe that the
531:
457:
445:
134:
power, supporting the replacement of western-backed governments with local
127:
84:
954:
in Tamil-speaking territories and discrimination against the Tamil people.
1534:
1308:
1255:
1248:
1240:
1191:
1014:
563:
519:
491:
481:
437:
283:
245:, the book as symbol of instruction and a farming implement as symbol of
197:
143:
119:
2213:
1781:"Schindler's Fate: Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Population Transfers"
573:
2241:
2186:
International law and the use of force by national liberation movements
1925:
The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World
1915:
1812:
1780:
1602:
1548:
1543:
1523:
1364:
1334:
1244:
1179:
1083:
988:
465:
429:
218:
96:
92:
1889:
768:
Conflicts which have been described as national liberation struggles:
1507:
1412:
1378:
1102:
495:
473:
469:
453:
385:
365:
258:
213:
201:
193:
1796:
757:
696:
1397:
1372:
1345:
1286:
1044:
1040:
999:
992:
633:
614:
222:
166:
123:
169:
in order to rid the claimed territory of other population groups.
1368:
1315:
1124:
1090:
1079:
477:
377:
373:
293:
155:
138:
or other non pro-western parties. In
January 1961 Soviet premier
80:
1528:
1469:
1435:
1071:
1007:
980:
969:
818:
against Napoleon's occupation of Spain and Portugal during the
761:
Estonian artillery preparing for a battle during the 1918–1920
652:
626:
389:
381:
345:
230:
181:
1756:
Terrible Fate: Ethnic Cleansing in the Making of Modern Europe
316:
launched a series of complex wars of independence against the
1271:
1229:
1098:
1094:
1067:
234:
147:
510:(PCF) in 1921. In January 1961, over three years before the
416:(1919-1922), which resulted in the subsequent withdrawal of
1393:
253:
45:
836:
against Napoleon's occupation of German lands during the
583:
546:
finally led to the recognition of Angola, Mozambique and
188:
are entitled to wage wars of national liberation. While
1698:
1948:
Sess.: 1988-1989), UN General Assembly (43rd (1989).
1699:
Ballard, Chet; Gubbay, Jon; Middleton, Chris (1997).
574:
Ongoing wars defined as national liberation conflicts
400:(1917-1921), which resulted in being absorbed into a
2209:
2144:(Illustrated ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group.
2093:
1634:
1573:
List of active autonomist and secessionist movements
636:
was a war of national liberation against the US-led
2119:
Akehurst's Modern Introduction to International Law
1472:
has been considered a national liberation movement.
550:as independent states in 1975, following the April
2116:
1093:, by the South West Africa People's Organization (
484:" itself had been theorized in Lenin's 1916 book,
2189:(Illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press.
2158:
1947:
558:led to fewer wars of independence in part of the
534:, would support national liberation movements in
2258:
1176:National Liberation War and Socialist Revolution
1023:Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen
352:(1919-1921), ending in the establishment of the
107:is often utilized by groups labeled as national
34:. For the anticommunist campaign in Kerala, see
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1613:List of sovereign states by date of formation
146:, and thus a form of imperialism itself. The
1927:(hardcover). Basic Books. pp. 432–433.
1923:(2005). "24 "The Cold War Comes to Africa".
1865:
487:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
428:(1945-1949) followed with the Liberation of
118:movement. Since these were primarily in the
1968:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1909:
725:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1985:
1976:
625:to be wars of national liberation against
2114:
1994:
1753:
937:against French colonial rule in Indochina
745:Learn how and when to remove this message
502:on September 2, 1945, following the 1945
498:in 1941 and declared the independence of
320:, which resulted in the formation of new
208:
2137:
1730:"Wars of National Liberation—Insurgency"
1669:
756:
678:as the legitimate representative of the
273:
212:
111:, often with support from other states.
44:
1887:
1663:
1593:List of states with limited recognition
1583:List of historical separatist movements
27:Conflict fought for national liberation
14:
2259:
2182:
1881:
1836:
1778:
1727:
647:to be a war of national liberation of
1721:
1630:
1628:
1466:Zapatista Army of National Liberation
961:against French colonial rule in 1947.
926:against Japanese invasion of Vietnam.
845:Spanish American wars of independence
506:— was a founding member of the
310:Spanish American wars of independence
150:criticized the Soviet Union as being
1701:The Student's Companion to Sociology
723:adding citations to reliable sources
690:
412:fought a series of campaigns in the
1209:fought against occupying forces of
1194:occupators and their collaborators.
1190:(National Liberation Army) against
617:and foreign observers consider the
24:
1897:Journal of Humanitarian Assistance
1625:
368:unsuccessfully fought a number of
192:states tend to view these wars as
25:
2298:
2205:
1434:, by the Chechen peoples against
670:), while Morocco considered it a
592:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
580:Palestine Liberation Organization
49:Allied naval intervention at the
2226:
2212:
1421:Azanian People's Liberation Army
1385:'s forces against the occupying
894:Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878)
695:
518:'s increased involvement in the
205:self-determination is unlawful.
2282:European colonisation of Africa
2252:A reversal of International Law
2115:Malanczuk, Peter Autor (1997).
2100:. Scarecrow Press. p. 86.
2097:International law: a dictionary
2086:
2051:
2027:
2003:
1941:
1452:Bougainville Revolutionary Army
1155:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
662:has sought the independence of
596:United Nations General Assembly
172:
1955:United Nations Digital Library
1888:Higgins, Noelle (April 2004).
1830:
1772:
1747:
1692:
1563:Decolonization of the Americas
1514:African independence movements
1354:People's Republic of Kampuchea
1032:against British rule in Kenya.
942:Indonesian National Revolution
426:Indonesian War of Independence
404:. Following the defeat of the
13:
1:
2272:National liberation movements
2094:Boleslaw Adam Boczek (2005).
2014:Chechnya: From Past to Future
1638:Moscow's Third World Strategy
1635:Rubinstein, Alvin Z. (1990).
1619:
1234:Chinese Civil War (1945–1949)
1162:Ukrainian War of Independence
873:Dominican War of Independence
452:(ANC)'s struggle against the
32:National liberation (Marxism)
2138:Mitchell, Thomas G. (2000).
1758:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1754:Lieberman, Benjamin (2013).
1679:Department of State Bulletin
1598:List of wars of independence
1519:American War of Independence
1477:Croatian War of Independence
1283:Eritrean War of Independence
1141:Estonian War of Independence
880:Italian Wars of Independence
763:Estonian War of Independence
686:
568:Croatian War of Independence
336:in the establishment of the
40:List of wars of independence
36:Liberation Struggle (Kerala)
7:
2183:Wilson, Heather A. (1990).
1728:Little, Wendell E. (1980).
1578:List of decolonized nations
1500:
1207:Italian resistance movement
1169:Turkish War of Independence
1148:Latvian War of Independence
1064:Moroccan Army of Liberation
394:Ukrainian People's Republic
69:Wars of national liberation
10:
2303:
2063:Cambridge University Press
1779:Hayden, Robert M. (1996).
1643:Princeton University Press
901:Portuguese Restoration War
795:American Revolutionary War
602:at the UN under the name "
586:at that time included the
277:
268:
148:People's Republic of China
79:, are conflicts fought by
29:
2059:Russia Confronts Chechnya
1539:chronology of colonialism
1442:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
1294:Bangladesh Liberation War
1019:National Liberation Front
887:Dominican Restoration War
859:Greek War of Independence
774:Swedish War of Liberation
588:African National Congress
450:African National Congress
442:Bangladesh Liberation War
420:and establishment of the
410:Turkish National Movement
392:gained independence. The
350:Irish War of Independence
330:Greek War of Independence
130:, which claimed to be an
59:Greek War of Independence
2057:Dunlop, John B. (1998),
2016:, p. 208. Anthem Press,
1878:Malanczuk, 1997, p. 336.
1358:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
1348:, against the occupying
645:Kurdish–Turkish conflict
544:Portuguese colonial wars
516:United States government
494:— who founded the
358:aftermath of World War I
1851:10.1023/A:1024840110195
1215:Italian Social Republic
1201:in which forces of the
977:Portuguese Overseas War
952:Sri Lankan colonization
834:German campaign of 1813
809:Irish Rebellion of 1803
802:Irish Rebellion of 1798
643:Many Kurds believe the
512:Gulf of Tonkin incident
180:generally holds that a
55:Ambroise Louis Garneray
1510:especially V & XII
1307:against the occupying
765:
508:French Communist Party
370:independence movements
348:eventually led to the
250:
225:since 1975, after the
209:Strategies and tactics
184:with a legal right to
65:
38:. For other uses, see
1991:Wilson, 1990, p. 119.
1982:Shultz, 1988, p. 100.
1734:Air University Review
914:Philippine Revolution
852:Swedish-Norwegian War
760:
556:breakup of Yugoslavia
514:which would mark the
278:Further information:
274:Decolonization period
216:
48:
2267:Wars of independence
788:Khmelnytsky Uprising
719:improve this section
552:Carnation Revolution
227:Carnation Revolution
109:liberation movements
73:wars of independence
2287:Marxist terminology
1839:Negotiation Journal
1736:(September–October)
1671:McNamara, Robert S.
1568:War of Independence
1432:Second Chechen Wars
1278:and communist bloc.
931:First Indochina War
623:Second Chechen Wars
434:First Indochina War
414:war of independence
398:war of independence
221:; independent from
18:War of independence
2000:Boczek, 2005, p86.
1917:Christopher Andrew
1553:counter-insurgency
1495:Western Sahara War
1213:and forces of the
1188:Yugoslav Partisans
1037:Rhodesian Bush War
866:Serbian Revolution
827:Haitian Revolution
766:
600:Palestinian people
480:. The concept of "
462:Russian Revolution
422:Republic of Turkey
362:Russian Revolution
334:Ottoman domination
328:(1821) led to the
306:French Revolutions
290:Haitian Revolution
251:
186:self-determination
152:social imperialist
105:asymmetric warfare
77:wars of liberation
66:
51:Battle of Navarino
2196:978-0-19-825662-5
2175:978-0-8179-8711-4
2160:Richard H. Shultz
2151:978-0-313-31357-8
2130:978-0-415-11120-1
2107:978-0-8108-5078-1
2079:978-0-521-63619-3
2047:978-0-8157-2498-8
1765:978-1-4422-3038-5
1417:Umkhonto we Sizwe
1305:Soviet-Afghan War
1199:Italian Civil War
1030:Mau Mau Rebellion
959:Malagasy Uprising
920:August Revolution
905:Explicit wars of
781:Eighty Years' War
755:
754:
747:
524:Nikita Khrushchev
522:, Soviet premier
504:August Revolution
432:(1960-1962), the
338:Kingdom of Greece
312:(1808-1833), the
243:Portuguese empire
237:as symbol of the
178:International law
140:Nikita Khrushchev
101:Guerrilla warfare
16:(Redirected from
2294:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2200:
2179:
2168:. Hoover Press.
2155:
2134:
2122:
2111:
2081:
2055:
2049:
2031:
2025:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1959:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1921:Vasili Mitrokhin
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1863:
1862:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1632:
1608:Stateless nation
1462:Chiapas conflict
1456:Papua New Guinea
1328:Northern Ireland
1219:Italian campaign
1203:Kingdom of Italy
1110:Dhofar Rebellion
750:
743:
739:
736:
730:
699:
691:
562:, including the
354:Irish Free State
163:ethnic cleansing
132:anti-imperialist
89:sovereign states
21:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2257:
2256:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2220:Politics portal
2218:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2197:
2176:
2152:
2131:
2108:
2089:
2084:
2056:
2052:
2032:
2028:
2024:, 9781843311645
2008:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1961:
1960:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1914:
1910:
1901:
1899:
1892:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1866:
1835:
1831:
1797:10.2307/2501233
1777:
1773:
1766:
1752:
1748:
1739:
1737:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1705:Wiley-Blackwell
1697:
1693:
1684:
1682:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1633:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1503:
1383:Augusto Sandino
1350:Vietnamese Army
1332:Provisional IRA
1320:Anglo-Irish War
1114:Muscat and Oman
1076:Polisario Front
1039:in white-ruled
838:Napoleonic Wars
820:Napoleonic Wars
751:
740:
734:
731:
716:
700:
689:
660:Polisario Front
576:
490:. For example,
444:(1971) and the
402:Soviet republic
326:Siege of Patras
298:Imperial France
286:
276:
271:
247:economic growth
211:
175:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2300:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2277:Decolonization
2274:
2269:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2234:History portal
2223:
2207:
2206:External links
2204:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2180:
2174:
2156:
2150:
2135:
2129:
2112:
2106:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2050:
2026:
2010:Sakwa, Richard
2002:
1993:
1984:
1975:
1940:
1933:
1908:
1880:
1864:
1845:(4): 327–340.
1829:
1791:(4): 727–748.
1771:
1764:
1746:
1720:
1713:
1707:. p. 36.
1691:
1673:(1965-08-30).
1662:
1655:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1546:
1541:
1532:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1458:
1444:
1438:
1424:
1411:, against the
1405:
1390:
1375:
1361:
1342:
1339:United Kingdom
1312:
1301:
1290:
1279:
1252:
1237:
1226:
1195:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1117:
1106:
1087:
1060:Western Sahara
1056:
1033:
1026:
1021:(NLF) and the
1011:
996:
973:
962:
955:
944:
938:
927:
916:
907:decolonization
903:
897:
890:
883:
876:
869:
862:
855:
848:
841:
830:
823:
816:Peninsular War
812:
805:
798:
791:
784:
777:
753:
752:
703:
701:
694:
688:
685:
684:
683:
680:Sahrawi people
676:United Nations
664:Western Sahara
656:
649:Kurdish people
641:
630:
575:
572:
468:objectives of
406:Ottoman Empire
322:Latin American
280:Decolonization
275:
272:
270:
267:
239:armed struggle
210:
207:
174:
171:
116:decolonization
71:, also called
63:Ottoman Empire
57:, part of the
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2299:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2224:
2221:
2215:
2210:
2198:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2123:. Routledge.
2121:
2120:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:0-521-63619-1
2068:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:0-8157-2498-5
2036:
2030:
2023:
2022:1-84331-164-X
2019:
2015:
2011:
2006:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1971:
1965:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1934:9780465003112
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1785:Slavic Review
1782:
1775:
1767:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1716:
1714:0-7567-7867-0
1710:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1658:
1656:0-691-07790-8
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1631:
1629:
1624:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1558:Minzu jiefang
1556:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1367:of 1977 with
1366:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1298:West Pakistan
1295:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:North Vietnam
1265:
1264:United States
1261:
1260:South Vietnam
1257:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1132:Brunei Revolt
1129:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1105:South Africa.
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1074:, and by the
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
994:
990:
986:
985:Guinea-Bissau
982:
978:
974:
971:
967:
963:
960:
956:
953:
949:
945:
943:
939:
936:
932:
928:
925:
921:
917:
915:
911:
910:
908:
904:
902:
898:
895:
891:
888:
884:
881:
877:
874:
870:
867:
863:
860:
856:
853:
849:
846:
842:
839:
835:
831:
828:
824:
821:
817:
813:
810:
806:
803:
799:
796:
792:
789:
785:
782:
778:
775:
771:
770:
769:
764:
759:
749:
746:
738:
735:February 2011
728:
724:
720:
714:
713:
709:
704:This section
702:
698:
693:
692:
681:
677:
673:
669:
668:African Union
665:
661:
657:
654:
650:
646:
642:
639:
635:
631:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
611:
610:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
571:
569:
565:
561:
560:Yugoslav Wars
557:
553:
549:
548:Guinea-Bissau
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
488:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
466:revolutionary
463:
460:. Since the
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:Allied forces
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
360:and the 1917
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
342:Easter Rising
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
285:
281:
266:
262:
260:
255:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
215:
206:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
170:
168:
164:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
64:
60:
56:
52:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2185:
2164:
2140:
2118:
2096:
2087:Bibliography
2058:
2053:
2029:
2013:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1964:cite journal
1953:
1943:
1924:
1911:
1900:. Retrieved
1896:
1883:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1824:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1755:
1749:
1738:. Retrieved
1733:
1723:
1700:
1694:
1683:. Retrieved
1678:
1665:
1637:
1527:
1448:Bougainville
1409:South Africa
1404:dictatorship
1400:against the
1387:U.S. Marines
1337:against the
1330:; also, the
1324:The Troubles
1276:Soviet Union
1223:World War II
1211:Nazi Germany
1184:World War II
995:(1961-1974).
972:(1954–1962).
966:Algerian War
889:(1863–1865).
875:(1844–1856).
767:
741:
732:
717:Please help
705:
672:secessionist
608:
577:
532:Fidel Castro
485:
458:Soviet Union
446:Algerian War
324:states. The
287:
263:
252:
241:against the
176:
173:Legal issues
160:
128:Soviet Union
113:
93:insurgencies
85:independence
76:
72:
68:
67:
61:against the
1535:Colonialism
1489:Bosnian War
1483:Ten-Day War
1356:during the
1309:Soviet Army
1256:Vietnam War
1249:South Korea
1241:North Korea
1217:during the
1121:Dervish War
1086:occupation.
1084:Mauritanian
1015:South Yemen
882:(1848-1866)
564:Ten-Day War
554:. The 1991
520:Vietnam War
492:Ho Chi Minh
482:imperialism
440:(1959–75),
438:Vietnam War
436:(1946–54),
396:fought its
284:Colonialism
235:Kalashnikov
233:, with the
198:Third World
144:Soviet Bloc
120:third world
2261:Categories
1902:2010-07-15
1740:2010-07-16
1685:2010-07-16
1645:. p.
1620:References
1603:Separatism
1549:Insurgency
1544:Hukbalahap
1524:Clausewitz
1415:regime by
1402:Tombalbaye
1365:Ogaden War
1335:insurgency
1245:Korean War
1180:Yugoslavia
1047:), led by
989:Mozambique
948:resistance
946:The Tamil
776:(1521–23).
590:(ANC) and
540:Mozambique
430:Irian Jaya
366:Bolsheviks
344:(1916) in
259:proxy wars
219:Mozambique
194:civil wars
97:rebellions
2061:, p. 93.
1859:189900927
1821:232725375
1805:0037-6779
1508:14 Points
1450:, by the
1413:apartheid
1379:Nicaragua
1186:, by the
1103:apartheid
1062:, by the
1002:, by the
935:Viet Minh
924:Việt Minh
706:does not
687:Conflicts
638:coalition
604:Palestine
530:, led by
496:Viet-Minh
474:socialism
470:communism
454:apartheid
386:Lithuania
356:. In the
332:, ending
318:royalists
202:communist
136:communist
2162:(1988).
2012:(2005),
1501:See also
1468:against
1454:against
1398:FROLINAT
1373:Ethiopia
1371:against
1346:Cambodia
1296:against
1287:Ethiopia
1285:against
1266:against
1262:and the
1247:against
1205:and the
1101:against
1080:Moroccan
1078:against
1066:against
1045:Zimbabwe
1041:Rhodesia
1025:(FLOSY).
1006:against
1000:Cameroon
993:Portugal
991:against
968:against
634:Iraq War
615:Chechens
566:and the
314:patriots
302:American
296:against
223:Portugal
217:Flag of
167:genocide
124:Cold War
83:to gain
1813:2501233
1464:by the
1369:Somalia
1316:Ireland
1258:, with
1182:within
1125:Somalia
1091:Namibia
1017:by the
861:(1821).
727:removed
712:sources
500:Vietnam
478:Marxism
378:Estonia
374:Finland
269:History
190:Western
156:Vietnam
81:nations
2193:
2172:
2148:
2127:
2104:
2077:
2069:
2045:
2037:
2020:
1931:
1857:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1762:
1711:
1653:
1529:On War
1470:Mexico
1436:Russia
1318:, the
1243:, the
1232:, the
1097:) and
1082:&
1072:France
1070:&
1008:France
987:, and
981:Angola
970:France
653:Turkey
627:Russia
542:. The
536:Angola
424:. The
408:, the
390:Poland
388:, and
382:Latvia
372:until
346:Dublin
340:. The
294:slaves
231:Lisbon
182:people
1893:(PDF)
1855:S2CID
1817:S2CID
1809:JSTOR
1681:: 369
1428:First
1396:, by
1381:, by
1272:China
1230:China
1099:SWANU
1095:SWAPO
1068:Spain
1043:(now
899:The
619:First
613:Many
2191:ISBN
2170:ISBN
2146:ISBN
2125:ISBN
2102:ISBN
2075:ISBN
2067:ISBN
2043:ISBN
2035:ISBN
2018:ISBN
1970:link
1929:ISBN
1919:and
1801:ISSN
1760:ISBN
1709:ISBN
1651:ISBN
1551:and
1537:and
1493:The
1487:The
1481:The
1475:The
1460:The
1440:The
1430:and
1426:The
1419:and
1394:Chad
1363:The
1352:and
1322:and
1303:The
1292:The
1281:The
1254:The
1197:The
1192:Axis
1174:The
1167:The
1160:The
1153:The
1146:The
1139:The
1130:The
1119:The
1108:The
1053:ZAPU
1051:and
1049:ZANU
1035:The
1028:The
975:The
964:The
957:The
940:The
929:The
918:The
912:The
892:The
885:The
878:The
871:The
864:The
857:The
850:The
843:The
832:The
825:The
814:The
807:The
800:The
793:The
786:The
779:The
772:The
710:any
708:cite
658:The
621:and
578:The
538:and
528:Cuba
472:and
464:the
364:the
304:and
288:The
282:and
254:Wars
200:and
1847:doi
1793:doi
1526:'s
1446:In
1407:In
1392:In
1377:In
1344:In
1326:in
1314:In
1239:In
1228:In
1221:of
1178:of
1123:in
1112:in
1089:In
1058:In
1013:In
1004:UPC
998:In
979:in
950:to
721:by
651:in
606:".
584:OAU
229:in
165:or
103:or
95:or
75:or
53:by
2263::
2073:,
2065:,
2041:,
1966:}}
1962:{{
1952:.
1895:.
1867:^
1853:.
1843:13
1841:.
1823:.
1815:.
1807:.
1799:.
1789:55
1787:.
1783:.
1732:.
1703:.
1677:.
1649:.
1647:80
1641:.
1627:^
1274:,
1270:,
983:,
933:,
922:,
909::
570:.
384:,
380:,
376:,
261:.
196:,
158:.
99:.
2199:.
2178:.
2154:.
2133:.
2110:.
1972:)
1958:.
1937:.
1905:.
1861:.
1849::
1795::
1768:.
1743:.
1717:.
1688:.
1659:.
1423:.
1389:.
1360:.
1311:.
1300:.
1289:.
1251:.
1236:.
1225:.
1171:.
1164:.
1157:.
1150:.
1143:.
1134:.
1127:.
1116:.
1055:.
1010:.
896:.
868:.
854:.
847:.
840:.
829:.
822:.
811:.
804:.
797:.
790:.
783:.
748:)
742:(
737:)
733:(
729:.
715:.
655:.
640:.
629:.
249:.
42:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
