Asymmetric warfare

26: 3936:. Although this type of warfare does not oppose an insurgency to a counter-insurgency force, it does involve two actors with substantially asymmetrical means of waging war. Notably, as technology has improved war-fighting capabilities, it has also made them more complex, thus requiring greater expertise, training, flexibility and decentralization. The nominally weaker military can exploit those complexities and seek to eliminate the asymmetry. This has been observed in Ukraine, as defending forces used a rich arsenal of anti-tank and anti-air missiles to negate the invading forces' apparent mechanized and aerial superiority, thus denying their ability to conduct combined arms operations. The success of this strategy will be compounded by access to real-time intelligence and the adversary's inability to utilize its forces to the maximum of their potential due to factors such as the inability to plan, brief and execute complex, full-spectrum operations. 3004:

however, once the American Civil War ignited in 1861, and when the state of Missouri voted overwhelmingly not to secede from the Union, the pro-slavers on the MO-KS border were driven either south to Arkansas and Texas, or underground—where they became guerrilla fighters and "Bushwhackers" living in the bushy ravines throughout northwest Missouri across the (now) state line from Kansas. The bloody "Border War" lasted all during the Civil War (and long after with guerrilla partisans like the James brothers cynically robbing and murdering, aided and abetted by lingering lost causers). Tragically the Western Border War was an asymmetric war: pro-slavery guerrillas and paramilitary partisans on the pro-Confederate side attacked pro-Union townspeople and commissioned Union military units, with the Union army trying to keep both in check: blocking Kansans and pro-Union Missourians from organizing militarily against the marauding Bushwhackers.

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instructing his troops in ways inspired by indigenous methods of warfare and ways of living. He emphasized the adoption of indigenous techniques, which prioritized small, mobile and flexible units which used the countryside for cover, in lieu of massed frontal assaults by large formations. Benjamin Church is sometimes referred to as the father of

2162:, in which "asymmetric" referred simply to a significant disparity in power between opposing actors in a conflict. "Power," in this sense, is broadly understood to mean material power, such as a large army, sophisticated weapons, an advanced economy, and so on. Mack's analysis was largely ignored in its day, but the end of the 5184:

Like many other radical groups in southern Africa, the ANC was deeply influenced by the Cuban Revolution, in part because of its successful use of asymmetrical warfare, in part because of its transition from a grassroots, nationalist insurgency into a people's war, and in part because of the organic

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have been engaging with the forces of the Syrian government through asymmetric means. The conflict has seen large-scale asymmetric warfare across the country, with the forces opposed to the government unable to engage symmetrically with the Syrian government and resorting instead to other asymmetric

3810:'s regime was removed from power, the Iraq campaign moved into a different type of asymmetric warfare where the coalition's use of superior conventional warfare training, tactics and technology was of much less use against continued opposition from the various partisan groups operating inside Iraq. 3137:

decreed that guerrilla war would henceforth be the strategy. This made the American occupation of the Philippine archipelago more difficult over the next few years. In fact, during just the first four months of the guerrilla war, the Americans had nearly 500 casualties. The Philippine Revolutionary

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Technological superiority usually is cancelled by the more vulnerable infrastructure, which can be targeted with devastating results. Destruction of multiple electric lines, roads, or water supply systems in highly populated areas could devastate the economy and morale. In contrast, the weaker side

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The worst act of domestic terror in U.S. history came in August 1863 when paramilitary guerrillas amassed 350 strong and rode all night 50 miles across eastern Kansas to the abolitionist stronghold of Lawrence (a political target) and destroyed the town, gunning down 150 civilians. The Confederate

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Church developed a special full-time unit mixing white colonists selected for frontier skills with friendly Native Americans to carry out offensive strikes against hostile Native Americans in terrain where normal militia units were ineffective. Church paid special care to outfitting, supplying and

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The abolitionists would not return the attacks and Brown theorized that a violent spark set off on "the Border" would be a way to finally ignite his long hoped-for slave rebellion. Brown had broad-sworded slave owners at Potawatomi Creek, so the bloody civilian violence was initially symmetrical;

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motivated the revolutionaries in the short term, his victory demoralized them and convinced many undecided Filipinos that the United States would not depart precipitously. For most of 1899, the revolutionary leadership had viewed guerrilla warfare strategically only as a tactical option of final

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to California and Oregon. So the stakes were high, and it caused a flood of immigration to the border: some to grab land and expand slavery west, others to grab land and vote down the expansion of slavery. The pro-slavery land grabbers began asymmetric, violent attacks against the more pacifist

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Benjamin Church designed his force primarily to emulate Native American patterns of war. Toward this end, Church endeavored to learn to fight like Native Americans from Native Americans. Americans became rangers exclusively under the tutelage of the Native American allies. (Until the end of the

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described the Filipinos' war aim as "not to vanquish the U.S. Army but to inflict on them constant losses." They initially sought to use conventional tactics and an increasing toll of U.S. casualties to contribute to McKinley's defeat in the 1900 presidential election. Their hope was that as

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Civilians can play a vital role in determining the outcome of an asymmetric war. In such conflicts, when it is easy for insurgents to assimilate into the population quickly after an attack, tips on the timing or location of insurgent activity can severely undermine the resistance. An

2876:– the first such success in British waters, but not Jones' last – was to force the British government to increase resources for coastal defense, and to create a climate of fear among the British public which was subsequently fed by press reports of his preparations for the 1779 2713:. The deniability can be crucial to keep the state actor from being tainted by the actions, to allow the state actor to negotiate in apparent good faith by claiming they are not responsible for the actions of parties who are merely sympathizers, or to avoid being accused of 3385:(a cubic metre of firewood) and then destroyed the cut-off sections one by one. Many Soviets were shot, had their throats cut from behind, or froze to death due to inadequate clothing and lack of camouflage and shelter. The Finns also devised a petrol bomb they called the 2655:

information-central framework, in which civilians are seen primarily as sources of strategic information rather than resources, provides a paradigm to understand better the dynamics of such conflicts where civilian information-sharing is vital. The framework assumes that:

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at the time) attempted to persuade other nations that it was not a war by refusing to use the army and using the Black and Tans instead, the conflict was conducted as an asymmetric guerrilla war and was registered as a war with the League of Nations by the Irish Free

3158:. At first, it seemed like the Filipinos would fight the Americans to a stalemate and force them to withdraw. President McKinley even considered this at the beginning of the phase. The shift to guerrilla warfare drove the U.S. Army to adopt counterinsurgency tactics. 3754:) is a classic case of asymmetric warfare. Israel has a powerful army, air force and navy, while the Palestinian organizations have no access to large-scale military equipment with which to conduct operations; instead, they utilize asymmetric tactics, such as 2499:, but when an inferior force uses this tactic, it depends on the premise that the superior one will respect the law that the other is violating, and will not attack that civilian target, or if they do the propaganda advantage will outweigh the material loss. 2641:

occupation forces, successfully taking advantage of the rough terrain to survive despite their small numbers. Over the next four years, they slowly forced their enemies back, recovering population centers and resources, eventually growing into the regular

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of 1979 to 1989, though claimed as a source of the term "asymmetric warfare," occurred years after Mack wrote of "asymmetric conflict." (Note that the term "asymmetric warfare" became well-known in the West only in the 1990s.) The aid given by the

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and used waterfront buildings as cover for shots at British vessels out in the river, the response of destruction of those buildings was ingeniously used to the advantage of the rebels, who encouraged the spread of fire throughout the largely

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of theirs (c2). There are times when this is the case, and conventional forces are not easily compared, making it difficult for opposing sides to engage. An example of this is the standoff between the continental land forces of the

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Academic authors tend to focus on explaining two puzzles in asymmetric conflict. First, if "power" determines victory, there must be reasons why weaker actors decide to fight more powerful actors. Key explanations include:

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A survey of the empirical literature on conflict, does not provide conclusive evidence on the claims. But the framework gives a starting point to explore the role of civilian information sharing in asymmetric warfare.

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areas, though generally having good transport access, provide innumerable ready-made defensible positions with simple escape routes and can also become rough terrain if prolonged combat fills the streets with rubble:

3377:. Although the Soviets captured 8% of Finland, they suffered enormous casualties versus much lower losses for the Finns. Soviet vehicles were confined to narrow forest roads by terrain and snow, while the Finns used 2790:

and came to the suspicion that the few score militiamen who gathered before sunrise to await the arrival of hundreds of well-prepared British soldiers were sent to provoke an incident which could be used for Patriot

3719:(1999), which pitted NATO air power against the Yugoslav armed forces during the Kosovo war, can also be classified as asymmetric, exemplifying international conflict with asymmetry in weapons and strategy/tactics. 2491:. Still, an asymmetric combatant using this prohibited tactic to its advantage depends on the superior power's obedience to the corresponding law. Similarly, warfare laws prohibit combatants from using civilian 2699:

Where asymmetric warfare is carried out (generally covertly) by allegedly non-governmental actors who are connected to or sympathetic to a particular nation's (the "state actor's") interest, it may be deemed

6489: 2600:) built on strategic mountaintops and highlands with difficult access, surrounded by hostile lands. The Assassins developed tactics to eliminate high-value targets, threatening their security, including the 2868:

in April 1778, during which, in addition to his attacks on merchant shipping, he made two landings on British soil. The effect of these raids, particularly when coupled with his capture of the Royal Navy's

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lines. Political implications of this broken 1820's compromise were nothing less than the potential expansion of slavery all across the North American continent, including the northern reaches of the

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that day witnessed the civilian slaughter and forbade his soldiers from participating in the carnage. The commissioned officer refused to participate in Quantrill's asymmetric warfare on civilians.

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Since 2004, the discussion of asymmetric warfare has been complicated by the tendency of academic and military officials to use the term in different ways, as well as by its close association with

3778:(male/female suicide bombers) both on and off the battlefield use of explosive-filled boats for suicide attacks on military shipping; and use of light aircraft targeting military installations. 3774:(LTTE) saw large-scale asymmetric warfare. The war started as an insurgency and progressed to a large-scale conflict with the mixture of guerrilla and conventional warfare, seeing the LTTE use 25: 2803:

by Patriot forces gathered from communities all along the route, making maximum use of the terrain (particularly, trees and stone field walls) to overcome the limitations of their weapons –

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can also describe a conflict in which belligerents' resources are uneven, and consequently, they both may attempt to exploit each other's relative weaknesses. Such struggles often involve

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expressly to foment retaliatory attacks back against the pro-slavery guerrillas who, by 1858, had twice ransacked both Lawrence and Osawatomie (where one of Brown's sons was shot dead).

2247:, and over the past two hundred years, have generally been won by strong actors. Since 1950, however, weak actors have won the majority of asymmetric conflicts. In asymmetric conflicts 5295:. Working paper (Australian National University. Strategic and Defence Studies Centre). Vol. 364. Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University. p. 5. 5674: 3346:

in World War II, there was an extensive Philippine resistance movement, which opposed the Japanese with an active underground and guerrilla activity that increased over the years.

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The contour of the land is an aid to the army, sizing up opponents to determine victory and assessing dangers and distance. "Those who do battle without knowing these will lose."

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instead of capitulating. 20,000-30,000 Boer guerrillas were only defeated after the British brought to bear 450,000 imperial troops, about ten times as many as were used in the

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told the world that it was helping the "freedom-loving people of Afghanistan." Many countries, including the U.S., participated in this proxy war against the USSR during the

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Second, if "power," as generally understood, leads to victory in war, then there must be an explanation for why the "weak" can defeat the "strong." Key explanations include:

5599: 3715:, is an example of asymmetric warfare, due to Yugoslav forces' superior firepower and manpower, and due to the nature of insurgency/counter-insurgency operations. The 2831:

town and spread propaganda blaming it on the British. Shortly afterwards, they destroyed the remaining houses because they might provide cover for British soldiers.

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with an effective range of only about 50–70 meters. Throughout the war, skirmishing tactics against British troops on the move continued to be a key factor in the

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Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance.

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Training, tactics, and technology can prove decisive and allow a smaller force to overcome a much larger one. For example, for several centuries, the Greek

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to offset deficiencies in the quantity or quality of their forces and equipment. Such strategies may not necessarily be militarized. This is in contrast to

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Allen, Michael A.; Bell, Sam R.; Clay, K. Chad (2016). "Deadly Triangles: The Implications of Regional Competition on Interactions in Asymmetric Dyads".

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demonstrated that training, tactics and technology could provide overwhelming victories in the field of battle during modern conventional warfare. After

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Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts: records of Commissioners to examine claims in Norfolk, 1777–1836. (Library of Virginia archives, ref. APA 235)

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sparked renewed interest among academics. By the late 1990s, a new research building off Mack's works was beginning to mature; after 2004, the

6359: 3183:. The British then expected the Boers to accept peace as dictated in the traditional European manner. However, the Boers fought a protracted 4780: 3833: 3104:. The Filipino operational center of gravity was the ability to sustain its force of 100,000 irregulars in the field. The Filipino General 2818:

Another feature of the long march from Concord was the urban warfare technique of using buildings along the route as additional cover for

2366: 5516: 2893:, who came to the throne at the age of 19 a few months before Lexington. France ultimately drove Great Britain to the brink of defeat by 2670:

Given the additional assumption that the larger or dominant force is the government, the framework suggests the following implications:

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to slow the Boers' movement across the countryside and block paths to valuable targets. Such tactics eventually evolved into today's

5360: 2462:. Against democratic aggressor nations, this strategy can be used to play on the electorate's patience with the conflict (as in the 6379:"Asymmetric Warfare: Military Planners Are Only Beginning to Grasp the Implications of September 11 for Future Deterrence Strategy" 5313:

Until 11 September 2001, the model of asymmetric war held in most analysts' minds was one far more promising for the West: Kosovo.

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whose relative military power, strategy or tactics differ significantly. This type of warfare often, but not necessarily, involves

1000: 3903:, larger economy and population, and seemingly superior armored forces have not helped Russia surmount fierce opposition from the 1427: 5989: 4373:

Zhao; et al. (2 October 2009). "Anomalously Slow Attrition Times for Asymmetric Populations with Internal Group Dynamics".

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and selective battles in which the superior power is weaker, as an effective means of harassment without violating the

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of their villages. Coupled with the ethnic and geographic fragmentation, unity was a daunting task. The challenge for

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Pfanner, Toni (March 2005). "Asymmetrical Warfare from the Perspective of Humanitarian Law and Humanitarian Action".

6396: 6200: 6032: 5300: 5208: 5171: 4809: 4294: 3855: 3569: 3498: 3255: 2950: 2721:. If proof emerges of the true extent of the state actor's involvement, this strategy can backfire; for example, see 2353: 1432: 6525: 3933: 3896: 3771: 3733: 3114: 3040:, bows and arrows, spears and other primitive weapons that, in practice, proved vastly inferior to U.S. firepower. 2796: 2787: 1510: 5203:. Cambridge Studies in International Relations. Vol. 99. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 232. 5623: 3420: 3245: 1855: 1493: 1280: 125: 6232: 5658: 4462: 3911:

by relying on technologically advanced weaponry supplied by the outside Ukraine supporting parties. The use of

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recourse, not as a means of operation which better suited their disadvantaged situation. On 13 November 1899,

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However, if the weaker power is in an aggressive position or turns to tactics prohibited by the laws of war (

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in Al Anbar, Iraq, was hit by a directed charge IED approximately 300–500 lb (140–230 kg) in size.

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and his generals was to sustain unified Filipino public opposition; this was the revolutionaries' strategic

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by the smaller force and as a force inhibitor against the larger one, especially one operating far from its

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has resulted in a classical asymmetrical warfare scenario. Russia's superior military might, including its

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Civilians receive services from government and rebel forces as an incentive to share valuable information.

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The tactical success of asymmetric warfare is dependent on at least some of the following assumptions:

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One side can have a technological advantage that outweighs the numerical advantage of the enemy; the

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America's Secret War: Inside the Hidden Worldwide Struggle between the United States and Its Enemies

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The weaker actor must consider its regional rivals when responding to threats from powerful actors.

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Mandel, Robert (January 2004). "The Wartime Utility of Precision Versus Brute Force in Weaponry".

5464:"Ukraine's Asymmetric War: Moscow has more firepower, but Kyiv is using digital technology better" 4315:"From Melos to Baghdad: Explaining Resistance to Militarized Challenges from More Powerful States" 3562:(or "Russo-Hungarian" war) saw makeshift forces improvising lopsided tactics against Soviet tanks. 5578: 3946: 3904: 3457: 3381:

around them unseen through the trees. They cut the advancing Soviet column into what they called

3032:. Estimates of the Filipino forces vary between 100,000 and 1,000,000, with tens of thousands of 2921: 2593: 2324: 1961: 1943: 1699: 1258: 1180: 1125: 723: 386: 2686:

Provision of information is strongly correlated with the level of anonymity that can be ensured.

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Sullivan, Patricia (2007). "War Aims and War Outcomes: Why Powerful States Lose Limited Wars".

6044:"Learning to Deter: Deterrence Failure and Success in the Israel-Hezbollah Conflict, 2006–2016" 4133: 4066: 4051: 4011: 3996: 3712: 3667: 3524: 3276: 3117: 3009: 2767: 2754: 2090: 1828: 1803: 1525: 1437: 1310: 1185: 786: 763: 209: 108: 2479:), its success depends on the superior power's refraining from like tactics. For example, the 6303: 6127:

Arreguin-Toft, Ivan (Summer 2001). "How the Weak Win Wars: A Theory of Asymmetric Conflict".

6020: 3803: 3688: 3679: 3431: 3147: 2413: 1417: 1350: 1303: 957: 920: 883: 801: 753: 637: 447: 255: 164: 4533: 2889:, following a strategy proposed in the 1760s but initially resisted by the idealistic young 6021:"Hizbollah – from Terror to Resistance: Towards a National Defence Strategy" 5553: 4800:

Belue, Ted Franklin (1993). "Crawford's Sandusky Expedition". In Blanco, Richard L. (ed.).

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began once again to prioritize responding to challenges presented by asymmetric warfare.

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was, necessarily, a showcase for asymmetric techniques. In the 1920s, Harold Murdock of

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United States Military Assistance Command Studies and Observations Group (US MAC-V SOG)

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purposes. The return of the British force to Boston following the search operations at

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Dunne, J. Paul; García-Alonso, María D.C.; Levine, Paul; Smith, Ron P. (April 2006).

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Israel and Hizbollah An Asymmetric Conflict in Historical and Comparative Perspective

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Information can be shared anonymously without endangering the civilian who relays it.

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There are two opposing viewpoints on the relationship between asymmetric warfare and

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Asymmetry and U.S. Military Strategy: Definition, Background, and Strategic Concepts

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colonial period, rangers depended on Native Americans as both allies and teachers.)

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Army began staging bloody ambushes and raids, such as the guerrilla victories at

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Terrain that limits mobility, such as forests and mountains, can be used as a

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If the inferior power is in a position of self-defense, i.e., under attack or

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A war between belligerents whose relative military power differs significantly

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New Rules of the Game: Israel and Hizbollah after the Withdrawal from Lebanon

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First War of the 21st Century: Asymmetric Hostilities and the Norms of Combat

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link made by Cuban revolutionaries between its political and military wings .

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Lawson, George (2019). "Revolutionary Trajectories: Cuba and South Africa".

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to the Mujahideen during the war was only covert at the tactical level; the

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would withdraw from the Philippines. They pursued this short-term goal with

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colonial armies ten times as strong as the guerrilla force, led by General

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From 1776, the conflict turned increasingly into a proxy war on behalf of

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Provision of security and services are complementary in reducing violence.

6247:"Lessons from a Successful Counterinsurgency: The Philippines, 1899–1902" 6173: 6059: 5883: 4359: 3755: 3378: 3321: 3231: 3211: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3033: 2835: 2726: 2722: 2714: 2709: 2638: 2517: 2463: 2436: 2269: 2061: 1933: 1684: 1649: 1488: 1175: 1140: 853: 796: 699: 483: 204: 199: 37: 6092:"Asymmetric Warfare: The British Experience in Eighteenth-Century India" 6067: 6043: 5895:. Carlisle Barracks: Strategic Studies Institute/U.S. Army War College. 5600:"Is the Russian Air Force Actually Incapable of Complex Air Operations?" 4613: 4589: 6342: 6318: 6191: 6182: 6157: 5766: 5338: 4910: 3704: 3641: 3362: 3037: 2935: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2839: 2800: 2792: 2577: 2572:

The guerrillas must move amongst the people as a fish swims in the sea.

2456: 2338: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2277: 2178: 2116: 2065: 1890: 1860: 1582: 951: 6319:"Why Big Nations Lose Small Wars: The Politics of Asymmetric Conflict" 5970:

Dynamics of Asymmetric Territorial Conflict: the evolution of patience

5671:

Asymmetric Warfare and the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) Debate

5146: 5122: 5056:

Border War Sesquicentennial proceedings at Lawrence, Kan., August 2013

4437:

Dynamics of Asymmetric Territorial Conflict: the evolution of patience

3666:

and other insurgencies engaged in asymmetrical guerrilla warfare with

2975:

opened the territories to vote on the expansion of slavery beyond the

2683:

Civilian casualties reduce civilian support to the perpetrating group.

6091: 4076: 3912: 3663: 3659: 3653: 3613: 3587: 3483: 3450:

and European coastal raids. German countermeasures and the notorious

3215: 3071: 3066:

was a sovereign, independent, socially stable Philippines led by the

2851: 2843: 2718: 2601: 2521: 2509: 2244: 2182: 2134: 2128: 1880: 1704: 1654: 1604: 1594: 1589: 1454: 1245: 1240: 1205: 647: 333: 300: 189: 30: 6334: 5912:

Winning the Asymmetric War: Political, Social and Military Responses

5408: 5326: 4902: 4865:. Vol. 7. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 105–107. 4836:. Vol. 4. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 368–369. 4756:

The First Way of War: American War Making on the Frontier, 1607–1814

3786: 2910: 2313: 5517:"How Ukraine's small missiles help defend against a bigger invader" 5138: 3966: 3799: 3692: 3479: 3434: 3350: 2971:, and in particular on the US Western Territorial Border after the 2163: 2094: 1895: 1870: 1503: 1135: 1110: 728: 283: 157: 4956:"The Revolution in Virginia (chap. III: The Struggle for Norfolk)" 4387: 3576:(1960s to 1998) and collusion between British security forces and 3258:, August 1914. Germany was the stronger power, Belgium the weaker. 2842:

and capturing or sinking large numbers of merchant ships; however

2677:

Rebel violence can be reduced if the government provides services.

3991: 3758:, small gunfights, cross-border sniping, airstrikes, and others. 3616: 3591: 3487: 3366: 3272: 2619:, known as the "Swamp Fox," took advantage of irregular tactics, 2558: 2467: 2405: 2076: 1905: 1865: 1629: 1463: 1459: 806: 791: 667: 328: 323: 293: 232: 194: 4656:

Persian Fire: The First World Empire and the Battle for the West

4259:"Asymmetrical Warfare: Today's Challenge to U.S. Military Power" 3179:, the Boers' largest city, and captured the capitals of the two 4590:"The Efficacy of the English Longbow: A Reply to Kelly DeVries" 3924:

has been cited as example of asymmetrical warfare by analysts.

3739: 3465: 3406: 3298: 3056: 2819: 2804: 2783: 2488: 2230:

Reluctance to escalating violence on the part of strong actors.

1412: 813: 630: 366: 6539:

Mandel, Robert (July 2007). "Reassessing Victory in Warfare".

5727:

Asymmetrical Warfare: Today's Challenge to U.S. Military Power

3881:

tactics such as suicide bombings and targeted assassinations.

6155: 5265:

Imperial Hubris - Why the West is Losing the War on Terrorism

5047:

T.J. Stiles, "Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War," 2002

3747: 888: 424: 419: 5997:. Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, Tel-Aviv University. 3707:, which pitted Yugoslav security forces (Serbian police and 3640:(USSR, or just the Soviet Union) as the two dominant global 2224:

Willingness of the weak to suffer more or bear higher costs.

6397:""Asymmetrical Warfare" & Just War: A Moral Obligation" 5548: 3918:(USVs) to attack Russian Black Sea Fleet ships such as the 3290: 2452: 184: 179: 4565:

Men of Honor: Trafalgar and the making of the English Hero

3395: – resistance movement which fought in the 3080:

who controlled local politics. The war was strongest when

2786:

attempted to solve the puzzle of the first shots fired on

5544:"Ukraine lands blows in Black Sea as frontline stagnates" 4493:

Langlois, Jean-Pierre P.; Langlois, Catherine C. (2005).

3074:. Local chieftains, landowners, and businessmen were the 2057: 57: 5691:. New York & Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4528:

Iron Admirals: Naval Leadership in the Twentieth Century

4463:"How the weak win wars: A theory of asymmetric conflict" 4226:

2008 Terrorism in asymmetrical conflict: SIPRI Report 23

5910:

Schröfl, Josef; Cox, Sean M.; Pankratz, Thomas (2009).

2239:

Evolution of asymmetric rivals' attitudes towards time.

6526:"Gates Assails Pentagon on Resources for Battlefields" 6291:(4) 7: 21–30. Archived from the original on 2004-02-10 5812:

Warrior Politics: Why Leadership Demands a Pagan Ethos

5710:(Hardcover). Santa Barbara, California: Abc-Clio Inc. 5689:

How the Weak Win Wars: A Theory of Asymmetric Conflict

5579:"Phillips P. O'Brien describes Semi-Symmetric Warfare" 5200:

How the Weak Win Wars: A Theory of Asymmetric Conflict

5166:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 149. 3932:

A new understanding of warfare has emerged amidst the

2300:

described as that between the elephant and the whale.

5771:

Asymmetric Conflicts: War Initiation by Weaker Powers

5327:"Gaza 2014 and Mizrahi Feminism - PoLAR 42(1):85-109" 4286:

Asymmetric conflicts: war initiation by weaker powers

3555:

of 1953-1958 became a template of asymmetric warfare.

2487:

or marked medical vehicles as cover for an attack or

2156:'s 1975 article "Why Big Nations Lose Small Wars" in 5490:"Asymmetric warfare in Ukraine's population centres" 4804:. Vol. 1. New York: Garland. pp. 416–420. 4440:. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave-Macmillan. p. 287. 2470:, and consequent disputes among elected legislators. 2207:

Stronger actors are unable to make threats credible.

5950:

Introduzione alla conflittualita' non convenzionale

4802:

The American Revolution, 1775–1783: An Encyclopedia

3316:) fought between the Irish Republican Army and the 3171:Asymmetric warfare featured prominently during the 2862:for his expedition from France in the sloop of war 2431:be possible to use unconventional tactics, such as 5909: 5383:"Death toll in Arab-Israeli conflict fell in 2007" 4525: 3798:The victory by the US-led coalition forces in the 3647: 2854:to undertake similar attacks on Patriot shipping. 2822:. When revolutionary forces forced their way into 6524:White, Josh; Branigin, William (April 22, 2008). 5790:Political Asymmetries in the Era of Globalization 5541: 4781:"Harold Murdock's "The Nineteenth Of April 1775"" 4704:A Sketch of the Life of Brig. Gen. Francis Marion 3191:phase of the war. The British began constructing 2988:and other territorial towns to suppress slavery. 2813:Western theater of the American Revolutionary War 6598: 6308:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5542:Toussaint, Benoit; Flanagan, Erin (2024-02-15). 4492: 4313:Allen, Michael A.; Fordham, Benjamin O. (2011). 3711:) against Albanian separatists of the guerrilla 6228:"Reshaping the Military for Asymmetric Warfare" 5828: 5445:"Syrian rebels emboldened after assassinations" 5101: 5099: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5074: 4889:(March 1, 1931). "The Ohio Campaigns of 1782". 4681:"Reshaping the military for asymmetric warfare" 3907:, which has inflicted severe blows against the 2707:This is typically done to give the state actor 6360:"Unorthodox Thoughts about Asymmetric Warfare" 5882: 5657:Compiled by Joan T. Phillips Bibliographer at 5331:PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 4989: 4987: 4985: 4759:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 33–35. 4719: 4659:. Little, Brown Book Group. pp. 285–287. 3636:(the United States, or just the U.S.) and the 3024:(1899–1902) was an armed conflict between the 6523: 6376: 6126: 6023:. In Jones, Clive; Catignani, Sergio (eds.). 5686: 5196: 4720:Berman, Eli; Matanock, Aila M. (2015-05-11). 4345: 3658:In Southeast Asia, specifically Vietnam, the 2834:The rebels also adopted a form of asymmetric 2773: 2584:In the 12th century, irregulars known as the 2412:made them far superior to their enemies. The 2147: 2030: 6281:"Back to the Future with Asymmetric Warfare" 5090: 5071: 5059: 4312: 4289:. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. 2243:Asymmetric conflicts include interstate and 2210:The demands of a stronger actor are extreme. 5571: 4982: 4746: 4308: 4306: 3834:promotes the subject in a subjective manner 3632:established the two strongest victors, the 6377:Norton-Taylor, Richard (October 3, 2001). 5514: 4278: 4276: 3015: 2967:saw the rise of asymmetric warfare in the 2838:by using small, fast vessels to avoid the 2037: 2023: 6181: 5973:. Basingstoke, U.K.: Palgrave-Macmillan. 5116: 5114: 4953: 4737: 4715: 4713: 4460: 4386: 4330: 3927: 3856:Learn how and when to remove this message 3397:German occupied parts of the Soviet Union 3262: 2951:Learn how and when to remove this message 2627:to hinder larger British regular forces. 2354:Learn how and when to remove this message 2093:, with the weaker side attempting to use 6504: 6438: 6278: 6041: 6018: 5987: 5947: 5868:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 5773:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 5743: 5592: 5487: 5380: 5361:"Hamas claims responsibility for attack" 4857:Clifton, James A. (1999). "Dunquat". In 4824: 4637:The Hundred Years War 1: Trial by Battle 4634: 4562: 4523: 4303: 3785: 3349: 3214:, which were organized and commanded by 3042: 2897:on several fronts throughout the world. 2741: 2365: 1001:List of military strategies and concepts 24: 6409: 6222:A mathematical approach to the concept. 5966: 5787: 5724: 5706:Beckett, I. F. W. (15 September 2009). 5705: 5461: 5353: 5258: 4993: 4856: 4752: 4649: 4433: 4273: 4256: 3623: 3501:against British security forces in the 2737: 2204:Weaker actors may have powerful allies. 6599: 6567: 6538: 6467: 6225: 6198: 6089: 6083: 5928: 5806: 5427:"Several killed in Syria car bombings" 5159: 5120: 5111: 4885: 4710: 4587: 4532:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 4196:"Relearning Counterinsurgency Warfare" 4057:Unconventional warfare (United States) 3210:The Boer commando raids deep into the 3062:The goal, or end-state, sought by the 2201:Weaker actors may have secret weapons. 2152:The popularity of the term dates from 6412:International Review of the Red Cross 6391: 6244: 5931:Beating Goliath: Why Insurgencies Win 5863: 5560:from the original on 16 February 2024 5406: 5324: 5105: 5084: 5065: 5027:. Season 24. Episode 9, 10, 11. PBS. 4799: 4739:10.1146/annurev-polisci-082312-124553 4701: 4222: 4193: 3535: 2900: 2401:may not have these structures at all. 6316: 5765: 5664:A Bibliography of Asymmetric Warfare 5288: 5121:Dobbie, Elliott V. K. (April 1944). 4891:Mississippi Valley Historical Review 4372: 4282: 4232:. Oxford Univ. Press. Archived from 4154: 3817: 3199:range of one another and flanked by 2933:adding citations to reliable sources 2904: 2649: 2336:adding citations to reliable sources 2307: 6468:Tucker, Jonathan B. (Summer 1999). 6199:Fowler, C. A. "Bert" (March 2006). 5933:. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books. 5018: 4923: 4089:Center for Asymmetric Warfare (CAW) 3972:Grey-zone (international relations) 3831:This section contains wording that 3727: 3638:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 3607:People's Liberation Army of Namibia 3340:Philippine resistance against Japan 3297:national-defensive organization in 2417: 13: 6505:Buffaloe, David (September 2006). 6226:Corbin, Marcus (October 5, 2001). 5617: 5535: 4726:Annual Review of Political Science 4588:Rogers, Clifford J. (April 1998). 3836:without imparting real information 3421:Germany's occupation of Yugoslavia 3354:A Finnish soldier demonstrating a 3166: 2254: 14: 6638: 6576:(2). Sage Publications: 171–201. 6547:(4). Sage Publications: 461–495. 6357: 5886:; Johnson II, Douglas V. (2001). 5708:Encyclopedia of Guerrilla Warfare 5651: 5381:McCarthy, Rory (1 January 2008). 4924:Guy, Louis L. Jr. (Spring 2001). 3570:Provisional Irish Republican Army 3499:Provisional Irish Republican Army 3008:officer whose company had joined 2992:, the abolitionist, travelled to 2623:, and the wilderness of colonial 2527: 2303: 6488:. 18 August 2006. Archived from 6042:Sobelman, Daniel (Winter 2017). 4511:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2005.00375.x 4332:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2011.00680.x 3934:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 3897:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 3822: 3772:Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 3698: 3548:(1954-1962); both against France 3509: 2909: 2312: 2227:External support of weak actors. 2104:Asymmetric warfare is a form of 75: 5866:How Democracies Lose Small Wars 5845:. Paladin Press. Archived from 5729:. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's. 5675:Project on Defense Alternatives 5508: 5481: 5462:Kessler, Andy (27 March 2022). 5455: 5437: 5419: 5400: 5374: 5318: 5282: 5268:. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's. 5252: 5243: 5226: 5190: 5153: 5050: 5041: 5012: 4973: 4947: 4917: 4879: 4850: 4818: 4793: 4773: 4695: 4673: 4643: 4628: 4581: 4556: 4517: 4499:International Studies Quarterly 4486: 4475:from the original on 2014-08-23 4454: 4319:International Studies Quarterly 3722: 3648:Cold War examples of proxy wars 3369:was invaded by the much larger 3333: 3161: 2920:needs additional citations for 2757:, American Ranging, and Rangers 2694: 2495:, populations or facilities as 2466:, and others since), provoking 2323:needs additional citations for 2272:and the maritime forces of the 2236:Inflated strong actor war aims. 6441:Journal of Conflict Resolution 6201:"Asymmetric Warfare: A Primer" 6158:"Managing Asymmetric Conflict" 5967:Resnick, Uri (July 12, 2013). 5325:Lavie, Smadar (January 2019). 4702:James, William Dobein (1821). 4685:Center for Defense Information 4427: 4405:10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.148701 4366: 4339: 4250: 4216: 4187: 4148: 3878:Kurdish Democratic Union Party 3221: 2984:abolitionists who had settled 2251:can be rational for one side. 1: 6507:"Defining Asymmetric Warfare" 6317:Mack, Andrew (January 1975). 6027:. Routledge. pp. 49–66. 5407:Lavie, Smadar (2 July 2018). 4962:. Boston MA: Houghton Mifflin 4722:"The Empiricists' Insurgency" 4567:. HarperCollins. p. 73. 4194:Tomes, Robert (Spring 2004). 4141: 3738:The ongoing conflict between 3612:United States support of the 3342: – During the 2811:success; particularly in the 2516:. When practiced outside the 6482:"Asymmetry and other fables" 5687:Arreguin-Toft, Ivan (2005). 5643:Resources in other libraries 5488:Reporter (30 January 2022). 5413:University of Nebraska Press 5197:Arreguín-Toft, Ivan (2005). 4639:. London: Faber & Faber. 4283:Paul, Thazha Varkey (1994). 4155:Luyt, Brendan (2015-05-11). 3761: 3734:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 3560:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 3546:Algerian War of Independence 3516:Office of Strategic Services 3493:Special Operations Executive 3230:and British support for the 2895:entering the war(s) directly 2659:The consequential action of 2503: 2381:removed from culvert in 1984 42:American private first class 7: 6096:Journal of Military History 5948:Giuseppe, Gagliano (2007). 5834:Wintringham, Tom (Foreword) 4926:"Norfolk's Worst Nightmare" 4863:American National Biography 4834:American National Biography 4828:(1999). "Captain Pipe". In 4635:Sumption, Jonathan (1990). 4099:Special Activities Division 3939: 3872:has been asymmetrical. The 3603:South African Defense Force 3047:Remnants of rifles used by 2981:annexed Mexican territories 2973:Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 2732: 2592:. The "state" consisted of 2416:, which also involved good 2408:'s (heavy infantry) use of 2079:who may have the status of 1494:Military–industrial complex 973:Operational manoeuvre group 10: 6643: 6582:10.1177/0095327X0403000203 6570:Armed Forces & Society 6541:Armed Forces & Society 6260:(1): 53–68. Archived from 6245:Deady, Timothy K. (2005). 6141:10.1162/016228801753212868 5725:Barnett, Roger W. (2003). 4930:Norfolk Historical Society 4861:; Carnes, Mark C. (eds.). 4832:; Carnes, Mark C. (eds.). 4606:10.1177/096834459800500205 4257:Russell, James A. (2004). 4032:Protracted social conflict 3888: 3884: 3731: 3717:NATO bombing of Yugoslavia 3651: 3522:China Burma India Theater: 3441: 3275:from 1920 to 1924 against 2780:American Revolutionary War 2774:American Revolutionary War 2609:American Revolutionary War 2441:American Revolutionary War 2420:, is a well-known example. 2288:. In the words of Admiral 2148:Definition and differences 18: 6424:10.1017/S1816383100181238 6279:Goulding Jr., Vincent J. 6019:Sobelman, Daniel (2009). 5988:Sobelman, Daniel (2004). 5751:. London: Little, Brown. 5638:Resources in your library 5249:Oxford English Dictionary 4998:. London: HarperCollins. 4524:Andidora, Ronald (2000). 4007:Millennium Challenge 2002 3962:Fourth-generation warfare 3916:unmanned surface vehicles 3874:Syrian National Coalition 3868:Much of the 2012–present 3371:mechanized military units 3314:Irish War of Independence 3064:First Philippine Republic 2778:From its initiation, the 2540:. Such terrain is called 2520:, it is often defined as 2514:fourth generation warfare 2083:against a standing army. 1558:Loss-of-strength gradient 415:Combat information center 6553:10.1177/0095327X06295515 6453:10.1177/0022002707300187 6118:– via Project Muse 5929:Record, Jeffrey (2007). 5680: 4954:Eckenrode, H.J. (1916). 4263:Naval War College Review 4161:Journal of Documentation 4094:Asymmetric Warfare Group 4002:Military use of children 3813: 3634:United States of America 3599:South African Border War 3472:South East Asian Theater 3389:to destroy Soviet tanks. 3030:Filipino revolutionaries 2799:was subject to constant 2233:Internal group dynamics. 1876:Military science fiction 1361:Technology and equipment 782:List of military tactics 36:being burned during the 6120:(subscription required) 5788:Schröfl, Josef (2007). 5163:Anatomies of Revolution 5025:The American Experience 4563:Nicolson, Adam (2005). 4375:Physical Review Letters 4348:Foreign Policy Analysis 4173:10.1108/jd-11-2013-0147 3947:Civilian casualty ratio 3905:Armed Forces of Ukraine 3781: 3746:organizations (such as 3458:Long Range Desert Group 3423:, 1941–45 (Germany vs. 3324:. Though Lloyd George ( 3109:president the avowedly 3022:Philippine–American War 3016:Philippine–American War 2747:Colonel Benjamin Church 2588:were successful in the 2483:prohibits the use of a 1944:Wartime sexual violence 1700:Full-spectrum dominance 1511:Supply-chain management 6162:Oxford Economic Papers 6129:International Security 6090:Bryant, G. J. (2004). 6048:International Security 5952:. Edizioni New Press. 4994:Bicheno, Hugh (2003). 4753:Grenier, John (2005). 4134:Management of Savagery 4067:War amongst the people 4052:Unconventional warfare 4012:New generation warfare 3997:Low intensity conflict 3928:Semi-symmetric warfare 3795: 3713:Kosovo Liberation Army 3670:. The war between the 3413:) rose up against the 3358: 3263:Between the World Wars 3118:William Jennings Bryan 3059: 2768:Unconventional warfare 2758: 2755:Unconventional warfare 2582: 2569: 2382: 2221:Strategic interaction. 2091:unconventional warfare 1856:Awards and decorations 1829:Peace through strength 1804:Low-intensity conflict 1438:Conscientious objector 1311:Area of responsibility 45: 6486:Jane's Defence Weekly 6395:(February 10, 2003). 6358:Meigs, Montgomery C. 6108:10.1353/jmh.2004.0019 5814:. New York: Vintage. 5123:"The Word 'Commando'" 4996:Rebels & Redcoats 4461:Arreguín-Toft, Ivan. 4434:Resnick, Uri (2013). 4116:People's War in Nepal 3804:2003 invasion of Iraq 3800:1991 Persian Gulf War 3789: 3689:Reagan Administration 3353: 3046: 2852:private armed vessels 2846:responded by issuing 2749:(1639–1718) from the 2745: 2570: 2551: 2414:Battle of Thermopylae 2369: 2054:asymmetric engagement 448:Torpedo data computer 438:Ship gun fire-control 28: 6470:"Asymmetric Warfare" 6060:10.1162/ISEC_a_00259 5554:Agence France-Presse 5289:Bell, Coral (2001). 5234:The Media and GI Joe 5019:Rob, Rapley (2012). 4062:Unrestricted Warfare 3909:Russian Armed Forces 3901:vast nuclear arsenal 3768:Sri Lankan Civil War 3624:Cold War (1945–1992) 3468:and later in Europe. 3055:on display at Clark 2929:improve this article 2858:became notorious in 2738:American Indian Wars 2590:Nizari Ismaili state 2332:improve this article 2282:French Revolutionary 2261:conventional warfare 2087:Asymmetrical warfare 1974:Military occupations 1809:Military engineering 1711:Unrestricted Warfare 1568:Force multiplication 466:Military manoeuvrers 6531:The Washington Post 6084:Articles and papers 5864:Merom, Gil (2003). 5468:Wall Street Journal 5021:"The Abolitionists" 4397:2009PhRvL.103n8701Z 4083:U.S. organisations: 4042:Resistance movement 4022:Partisan (military) 3891:Russo-Ukrainian War 3676:Soviet Armed Forces 3542:First Indochina War 3525:Merrill's Marauders 3462:Special Air Service 3344:Japanese occupation 3256:invasion of Belgium 3126:protracted struggle 3124:better suited to a 3106:Francisco Macabulos 3010:Quantrill's Raiders 2977:Missouri Compromise 2615:Lieutenant Colonel 2481:law of land warfare 2265:command and control 2249:conflict escalation 2099:symmetrical warfare 2081:unlawful combatants 1660:Penal military unit 1645:Rules of engagement 1321:Command and control 946:Operations research 410:Director (military) 400:Fire-control system 170:Command and control 51:Part of a series on 6622:Military doctrines 6492:on 26 January 2013 6174:10.1093/oep/gpi056 5629:Asymmetric warfare 5523:. Brock University 5433:. 5 November 2012. 5339:10.1111/plar.12284 4826:Calloway, Colin G. 4360:10.1093/fpa/orw026 3987:List of guerrillas 3982:Irregular military 3952:Counter-insurgency 3876:, Mujahideen, and 3796: 3536:After World War II 3529:OSS Detachment 101 3405: – 3365: – 3359: 3271:led resistance in 3246:invasion of Serbia 3128:. While targeting 3115:Secretary of state 3060: 2965:American Civil War 2901:American Civil War 2759: 2631:Yugoslav Partisans 2383: 2298:Napoleon Bonaparte 2050:Asymmetric warfare 1769:Counter-insurgency 1690:Command of the sea 1635:Jewish laws on war 1610:Geneva Conventions 1146:Divide and conquer 941:Military operation 906:Tactical objective 405:Fire-control radar 382:Electronic-warfare 46: 6612:Military strategy 6004:978-9-654-59057-0 5980:978-1-137-30398-1 5959:978-8-895-38302-6 5940:978-1-59797-090-7 5921:978-3-631-57249-8 5902:978-1-58487-041-8 5875:978-0-521-80403-5 5839:Guerrilla Warfare 5830:Levy, Bert "Yank" 5821:978-0-375-72627-9 5808:Kaplan, Robert D. 5799:978-3-631-56820-0 5780:978-0-521-45117-8 5758:978-0-316-72862-1 5736:978-1-574-88562-0 5717:978-0-874-36929-8 5698:978-0-521-54869-4 5673:sponsored by the 5624:Library resources 5496:. Defence Connect 5275:978-1-57488-849-2 5005:978-0-007-15625-2 4960:newrivernotes.com 4872:978-0-19-512786-7 4843:978-0-19-512783-6 4766:978-1-139-44470-5 4666:978-0-349-11717-1 4574:978-0-00-719209-0 4543:978-0-313-31266-3 4447:978-1-137-30398-1 4325:(55): 1025–1045. 4027:Political warfare 3977:Guerrilla warfare 3957:Counter-terrorism 3866: 3865: 3858: 3680:Soviet–Afghan War 3503:Northern Campaign 3448:British Commandos 3415:German occupation 3312:Anglo-Irish War ( 3301:, fought against 3205:counterinsurgency 3122:guerrilla tactics 3102:centre of gravity 3049:Filipino soldiers 2961: 2960: 2953: 2848:letters of marque 2824:Norfolk, Virginia 2650:Role of civilians 2542:difficult terrain 2449:French Resistance 2364: 2363: 2356: 2294:campaigns of 1801 2187:counterinsurgency 2175:guerrilla warfare 2154:Andrew J. R. Mack 2123:counterinsurgency 2111:guerrilla warfare 2106:irregular warfare 2047: 2046: 1939:Horses in warfare 1886:Anti-war movement 1789:Gunboat diplomacy 1779:Disaster response 1727:Philosophy of war 1722:Principles of war 1695:Deterrence theory 1640:Right of conquest 1563:Lanchester's laws 1331:Principles of war 1021:Counter-offensive 1006:Military campaign 911:Target saturation 834:Counterinsurgency 443:Gun data computer 377:Close air support 339:Aircraft carriers 21:Guerrilla warfare 6634: 6617:Military science 6593: 6564: 6535: 6520: 6518: 6512:. Archived from 6511: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6477: 6472:. Archived from 6464: 6435: 6418:(857): 149–174. 6406: 6388: 6373: 6371: 6365:. Archived from 6364: 6354: 6313: 6307: 6299: 6297: 6296: 6275: 6273: 6272: 6266: 6251: 6241: 6236:. Archived from 6221: 6219: 6218: 6209:. Archived from 6195: 6185: 6152: 6123: 6121: 6079: 6038: 6015: 6013: 6007:. Archived from 5996: 5984: 5963: 5944: 5925: 5906: 5894: 5879: 5860: 5858: 5857: 5851: 5844: 5825: 5803: 5784: 5762: 5745:Friedman, George 5740: 5721: 5702: 5611: 5610: 5608: 5607: 5596: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5586: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5565: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5515:The Brock News. 5512: 5506: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5485: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5441: 5435: 5434: 5423: 5417: 5416: 5404: 5398: 5397: 5395: 5394: 5378: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5368: 5357: 5351: 5350: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5310: 5309: 5286: 5280: 5279: 5260:Scheuer, Michael 5256: 5250: 5247: 5241: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5218: 5217: 5194: 5188: 5187: 5181: 5180: 5157: 5151: 5150: 5118: 5109: 5103: 5088: 5082: 5069: 5063: 5057: 5054: 5048: 5045: 5039: 5038: 5036: 5035: 5016: 5010: 5009: 4991: 4980: 4977: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4967: 4951: 4945: 4944: 4942: 4941: 4932:. Archived from 4921: 4915: 4914: 4883: 4877: 4876: 4859:Garraty, John A. 4854: 4848: 4847: 4830:Garraty, John A. 4822: 4816: 4815: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4787: 4777: 4771: 4770: 4750: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4717: 4708: 4707: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4687:. Archived from 4677: 4671: 4670: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4632: 4626: 4625: 4585: 4579: 4578: 4560: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4550: 4531: 4521: 4515: 4514: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4480: 4474: 4467: 4458: 4452: 4451: 4431: 4425: 4424: 4390: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4310: 4301: 4300: 4280: 4271: 4270: 4254: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4244: 4238: 4231: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4205:. Archived from 4200: 4191: 4185: 4184: 4152: 4111:2006 Lebanon War 3870:Syrian Civil War 3861: 3854: 3850: 3847: 3841: 3826: 3825: 3818: 3728:Israel/Palestine 3586:(1964-1972) and 3553:Cuban Revolution 3544:(1946-1954) and 3393:Soviet partisans 3387:Molotov cocktail 3356:molotov cocktail 3303:Benito Mussolini 3135:Emilio Aguinaldo 3111:anti-imperialist 3092:leaders and the 2998:Kansas Territory 2956: 2949: 2945: 2942: 2936: 2913: 2905: 2879:Bonhomme Richard 2580: 2567: 2534:force multiplier 2379:Northern Ireland 2359: 2352: 2348: 2345: 2339: 2316: 2308: 2191:counterterrorism 2141:counterterrorism 2070:terrorist groups 2039: 2032: 2025: 1794:Humanitarian aid 1732:Security dilemma 1553:Power projection 1336:Economy of force 1316:Chain of command 1031:Defence in depth 1016:Commerce raiding 839:Defeat in detail 175:Defense ministry 79: 70: 69: 60: 48: 47: 44:(PFC) stands by. 6642: 6641: 6637: 6636: 6635: 6633: 6632: 6631: 6607:Warfare by type 6597: 6596: 6516: 6509: 6495: 6493: 6480: 6369: 6362: 6335:10.2307/2009880 6301: 6300: 6294: 6292: 6270: 6268: 6264: 6249: 6216: 6214: 6119: 6086: 6035: 6011: 6005: 5994: 5981: 5960: 5941: 5922: 5903: 5892: 5876: 5855: 5853: 5849: 5842: 5822: 5800: 5781: 5759: 5737: 5718: 5699: 5683: 5654: 5649: 5648: 5647: 5632: 5631: 5627: 5620: 5618:Further reading 5615: 5614: 5605: 5603: 5598: 5597: 5593: 5584: 5582: 5577: 5576: 5572: 5563: 5561: 5540: 5536: 5526: 5524: 5513: 5509: 5499: 5497: 5486: 5482: 5472: 5470: 5460: 5456: 5451:. 19 July 2012. 5443: 5442: 5438: 5425: 5424: 5420: 5405: 5401: 5392: 5390: 5379: 5375: 5366: 5364: 5359: 5358: 5354: 5323: 5319: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5287: 5283: 5276: 5257: 5253: 5248: 5244: 5231: 5227: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5195: 5191: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5158: 5154: 5127:American Speech 5119: 5112: 5104: 5091: 5083: 5072: 5064: 5060: 5055: 5051: 5046: 5042: 5033: 5031: 5017: 5013: 5006: 4992: 4983: 4978: 4974: 4965: 4963: 4952: 4948: 4939: 4937: 4922: 4918: 4903:10.2307/1916389 4887:Quaife, Milo M. 4884: 4880: 4873: 4855: 4851: 4844: 4823: 4819: 4812: 4798: 4794: 4785: 4783: 4779: 4778: 4774: 4767: 4751: 4747: 4718: 4711: 4700: 4696: 4679: 4678: 4674: 4667: 4648: 4644: 4633: 4629: 4586: 4582: 4575: 4561: 4557: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4522: 4518: 4491: 4487: 4478: 4476: 4472: 4465: 4459: 4455: 4448: 4432: 4428: 4371: 4367: 4344: 4340: 4311: 4304: 4297: 4281: 4274: 4255: 4251: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4229: 4221: 4217: 4209: 4198: 4192: 4188: 4153: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4121:Second Gaza war 4037:Reagan Doctrine 3942: 3930: 3893: 3887: 3862: 3851: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3827: 3823: 3816: 3784: 3776:suicide bombing 3764: 3736: 3730: 3725: 3701: 3656: 3650: 3626: 3580:paramilitaries. 3578:Ulster loyalist 3538: 3512: 3444: 3403:Warsaw Uprising 3336: 3307:Northeast Italy 3285:Philippe Pétain 3265: 3242:Austria-Hungary 3224: 3173:Second Boer War 3169: 3167:Second Boer War 3164: 3070:(intellectual) 3018: 2957: 2946: 2940: 2937: 2926: 2914: 2903: 2856:John Paul Jones 2788:Lexington Green 2776: 2751:Plymouth Colony 2740: 2735: 2697: 2652: 2581: 2576: 2568: 2557: 2538:logistical base 2530: 2506: 2443:, movements in 2395:Battle of Crécy 2391:English longbow 2360: 2349: 2343: 2340: 2329: 2317: 2306: 2286:Napoleonic Wars 2257: 2255:Strategic basis 2150: 2056:) is a type of 2043: 2014: 2013: 1964: 1954: 1953: 1919: 1911: 1910: 1851: 1841: 1840: 1814:Multilateralism 1799:Law enforcement 1759: 1749: 1748: 1717:Just war theory 1675: 1665: 1664: 1615:Geneva Protocol 1585: 1575: 1574: 1548: 1538: 1537: 1479: 1469: 1468: 1376: 1366: 1365: 1306: 1296: 1295: 1261: 1251: 1250: 1181:Network-centric 1101: 1091: 1090: 998: 988: 987: 936: 926: 925: 874:Rapid dominance 779: 769: 768: 724:Electromagnetic 633: 623: 622: 609: 562: 510: 486: 476: 475: 471:Combat training 452: 429: 395:Combat systems: 391: 353: 349:Auxiliary ships 315: 275: 271:Military police 237: 160: 150: 149: 89: 63: 62: 61: 56: 23: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6640: 6630: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6595: 6594: 6565: 6536: 6521: 6519:on 2007-03-22. 6502: 6478: 6476:on 2006-05-15. 6465: 6447:(3): 496–524. 6436: 6407: 6393:Novak, Michael 6389: 6374: 6372:on 2003-10-02. 6355: 6329:(2): 175–200. 6323:World Politics 6314: 6276: 6242: 6240:on 2012-04-10. 6223: 6196: 6168:(2): 183–208. 6153: 6124: 6102:(2): 431–469. 6085: 6082: 6081: 6080: 6054:(3): 151–196. 6039: 6033: 6016: 6014:on 2012-11-02. 6003: 5985: 5979: 5964: 5958: 5945: 5939: 5926: 5920: 5914:. Peter Lang. 5907: 5901: 5880: 5874: 5861: 5826: 5820: 5804: 5798: 5785: 5779: 5763: 5757: 5741: 5735: 5722: 5716: 5703: 5697: 5682: 5679: 5678: 5677: 5668: 5667:, August 2005. 5659:Air University 5653: 5652:Bibliographies 5650: 5646: 5645: 5640: 5634: 5633: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5613: 5612: 5591: 5570: 5534: 5507: 5480: 5454: 5436: 5418: 5399: 5373: 5352: 5317: 5301: 5281: 5274: 5251: 5242: 5225: 5209: 5189: 5172: 5152: 5139:10.2307/487007 5110: 5089: 5070: 5058: 5049: 5040: 5011: 5004: 4981: 4972: 4946: 4916: 4897:(4): 515–529. 4878: 4871: 4849: 4842: 4817: 4810: 4792: 4772: 4765: 4745: 4709: 4694: 4691:on 2004-02-21. 4672: 4665: 4642: 4627: 4600:(2): 233–242. 4594:War in History 4580: 4573: 4555: 4542: 4516: 4505:(3): 503–528. 4485: 4453: 4446: 4426: 4381:(14): 148701. 4365: 4354:(2): 169–190. 4338: 4302: 4295: 4272: 4249: 4223:Stepanova, E. 4215: 4212:on 2010-06-07. 4186: 4167:(3): 440–455. 4146: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4137: 4124: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4080: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4047:Scorched earth 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3929: 3926: 3921:Tsezar Kunikov 3889:Main article: 3886: 3883: 3864: 3863: 3846:September 2015 3830: 3828: 3821: 3815: 3812: 3808:Saddam Hussein 3783: 3780: 3763: 3760: 3732:Main article: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3700: 3697: 3649: 3646: 3625: 3622: 3621: 3620: 3610: 3595: 3581: 3566:Libyan support 3563: 3556: 3549: 3537: 3534: 3533: 3532: 3519: 3511: 3508: 3507: 3506: 3496: 3490: 3469: 3455: 3452:Commando Order 3443: 3440: 3439: 3438: 3418: 3400: 3390: 3348: 3347: 3335: 3332: 3331: 3330: 3326:Prime Minister 3318:Black and Tans 3310: 3288: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3259: 3249: 3239: 3236:Ottoman Empire 3223: 3220: 3181:Boer Republics 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3017: 3014: 2959: 2958: 2917: 2915: 2908: 2902: 2899: 2891:King Louis XVI 2775: 2772: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2696: 2693: 2688: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2668: 2667: 2664: 2661:non-combatants 2651: 2648: 2625:South Carolina 2621:interior lines 2617:Francis Marion 2574: 2564:The Art of War 2555: 2529: 2528:Use of terrain 2526: 2505: 2502: 2501: 2500: 2497:military bases 2471: 2447:, such as the 2421: 2418:use of terrain 2402: 2398: 2397:is an example. 2362: 2361: 2320: 2318: 2311: 2305: 2304:Tactical basis 2302: 2274:United Kingdom 2256: 2253: 2241: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2215: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2159:World Politics 2149: 2146: 2045: 2044: 2042: 2041: 2034: 2027: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1979:Military terms 1976: 1971: 1965: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1952: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1852: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1833: 1832: 1831: 1826: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1760: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1741: 1740: 1739: 1737:Tripwire force 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1676: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1586: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1571: 1570: 1560: 1555: 1549: 1544: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1513: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1501: 1491: 1486: 1480: 1475: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1457: 1452: 1451: 1450: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1389: 1388: 1377: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1307: 1302: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1262: 1259:Administrative 1257: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1186:New generation 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1161:Fleet in being 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1102: 1099:Grand strategy 1097: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1086:Scorched earth 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 999: 994: 993: 990: 989: 986: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 963:Deep operation 960: 955: 948: 943: 937: 932: 931: 928: 927: 924: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 892: 891: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 810: 809: 804: 799: 789: 780: 775: 774: 771: 770: 767: 766: 764:Unconventional 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 712: 710:Disinformation 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 681: 680: 675: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 634: 629: 628: 625: 624: 621: 620: 615: 608: 607: 606: 605: 604: 603: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 561: 560: 559: 558: 557: 556: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 509: 508: 507: 506: 501: 496: 487: 482: 481: 478: 477: 474: 473: 468: 463: 461:Basic training 458: 451: 450: 445: 440: 435: 428: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 390: 389: 387:Reconnaissance 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 352: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 314: 313: 308: 306:Special forces 303: 298: 297: 296: 286: 281: 274: 273: 268: 263: 261:Reconnaissance 258: 253: 248: 243: 236: 235: 226: 221: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 161: 156: 155: 152: 151: 148: 147: 146: 145: 140: 130: 129: 128: 123: 113: 112: 111: 104:Post-classical 101: 96: 90: 85: 84: 81: 80: 72: 71: 53: 52: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6639: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6604: 6602: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6537: 6533: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6515: 6508: 6503: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6408: 6404: 6403: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6368: 6361: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6315: 6311: 6305: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6277: 6267:on 2016-12-10 6263: 6259: 6255: 6248: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6213:on 2008-01-04 6212: 6208: 6207: 6206:IEEE Spectrum 6202: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6135:(1): 93–128. 6134: 6130: 6125: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6088: 6087: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6040: 6036: 6034:9781135229207 6030: 6026: 6022: 6017: 6010: 6006: 6000: 5993: 5992: 5986: 5982: 5976: 5972: 5971: 5965: 5961: 5955: 5951: 5946: 5942: 5936: 5932: 5927: 5923: 5917: 5913: 5908: 5904: 5898: 5891: 5890: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5871: 5867: 5862: 5852:on 2014-04-12 5848: 5841: 5840: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5795: 5791: 5786: 5782: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5732: 5728: 5723: 5719: 5713: 5709: 5704: 5700: 5694: 5690: 5685: 5684: 5676: 5672: 5669: 5666: 5665: 5660: 5656: 5655: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5601: 5595: 5580: 5574: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5550: 5549:NBC Right Now 5545: 5538: 5522: 5518: 5511: 5495: 5491: 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"2". 5261: 5255: 5246: 5239: 5235: 5229: 5222: 5212: 5210:9781316583005 5206: 5202: 5201: 5193: 5186: 5175: 5173:9781108482684 5169: 5165: 5164: 5156: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5117: 5115: 5107: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5086: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5067: 5062: 5053: 5044: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5015: 5007: 5001: 4997: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4976: 4961: 4957: 4950: 4936:on 2018-06-29 4935: 4931: 4927: 4920: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4882: 4874: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4853: 4845: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4827: 4821: 4813: 4811:0-8240-5623-X 4807: 4803: 4796: 4782: 4776: 4768: 4762: 4758: 4757: 4749: 4740: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4716: 4714: 4705: 4698: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4676: 4668: 4662: 4658: 4657: 4652: 4646: 4638: 4631: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4584: 4576: 4570: 4566: 4559: 4545: 4539: 4535: 4530: 4529: 4520: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4489: 4471: 4464: 4457: 4449: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4430: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4369: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4342: 4333: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4309: 4307: 4298: 4296:9780521466219 4292: 4288: 4287: 4279: 4277: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4253: 4239:on 2016-03-10 4235: 4228: 4227: 4219: 4208: 4204: 4197: 4190: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4151: 4147: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4130: 4129: 4128: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4107: 4106: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4086: 4085: 4084: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4072:War on Terror 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3944: 3937: 3935: 3925: 3923: 3922: 3917: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3892: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3860: 3857: 3849: 3837: 3835: 3829: 3820: 3819: 3811: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3793: 3788: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3735: 3720: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3709:Yugoslav army 3706: 3699:Post-Cold War 3696: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3655: 3645: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3618: 3615: 3611: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3547: 3543: 3540: 3539: 3530: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3510:United States 3504: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3449: 3446: 3445: 3436: 3433: 3429: 3426: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3412: 3411:Armia Krajowa 3408: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3361: 3360: 3357: 3352: 3345: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3308: 3305:'s regime in 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3267: 3266: 3257: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3232:Arab uprising 3229: 3228:T.E. Lawrence 3226: 3225: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3208: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3195:built within 3194: 3190: 3186: 3185:guerrilla war 3182: 3178: 3174: 3159: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3045: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3026:United States 3023: 3013: 3011: 3005: 3001: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2969:Border States 2966: 2955: 2952: 2944: 2934: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2918:This section 2916: 2912: 2907: 2906: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2883: 2881: 2880: 2875: 2874: 2867: 2866: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2830: 2825: 2821: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2771: 2769: 2763: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2730: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2706: 2704: 2692: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2671: 2665: 2662: 2658: 2657: 2656: 2647: 2645: 2644:Yugoslav Army 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2598:Alamut Castle 2596:(such as the 2595: 2591: 2587: 2579: 2573: 2566: 2565: 2560: 2554: 2550: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2485:flag of truce 2482: 2478: 2477: 2472: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2387: 2386: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2358: 2355: 2347: 2337: 2333: 2327: 2326: 2321:This section 2319: 2315: 2310: 2309: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2266: 2262: 2252: 2250: 2246: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2218: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2198: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2171: 2169: 2168:U.S. military 2165: 2161: 2160: 2155: 2145: 2143: 2142: 2137: 2136: 2131: 2130: 2125: 2124: 2119: 2118: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2082: 2078: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2040: 2035: 2033: 2028: 2026: 2021: 2020: 2018: 2017: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1963: 1958: 1957: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1915: 1914: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1866:Warrior caste 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1850: 1845: 1844: 1837: 1836:Show of force 1834: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1824:Peacebuilding 1822: 1821: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1761: 1758: 1753: 1752: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1712: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1680:Air supremacy 1678: 1677: 1674: 1669: 1668: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1620:Islamic rules 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1600:Court-martial 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1579: 1578: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1550: 1547: 1542: 1541: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1499:Arms industry 1497: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1473: 1472: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1375: 1370: 1369: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1300: 1299: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1255: 1254: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1116:Broken-backed 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1103: 1100: 1095: 1094: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1003: 1002: 997: 992: 991: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 958:Expeditionary 956: 954: 953: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 938: 935: 930: 929: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 890: 887: 886: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 829:Counterattack 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 794: 793: 790: 788: 785: 784: 783: 778: 773: 772: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 754:Psychological 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 690:Combined arms 688: 686: 683: 679: 676: 674: 671: 670: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 635: 632: 627: 626: 619: 616: 614: 611: 610: 602: 599: 598: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 568: 567: 564: 563: 555: 552: 551: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 529:Fortification 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 516: 515: 512: 511: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 491: 489: 488: 485: 480: 479: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 453: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 430: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 392: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 354: 350: 347: 345: 344:Landing craft 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 316: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 295: 292: 291: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 276: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 238: 234: 230: 229:Standing army 227: 225: 222: 220: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 162: 159: 154: 153: 144: 141: 139: 136: 135: 134: 131: 127: 124: 122: 121:pike and shot 119: 118: 117: 114: 110: 107: 106: 105: 102: 100: 97: 95: 92: 91: 88: 83: 82: 78: 74: 73: 67: 59: 55: 54: 50: 49: 43: 39: 35: 32: 27: 22: 6573: 6569: 6544: 6540: 6529: 6514:the original 6494:. Retrieved 6490:the original 6485: 6474:the original 6444: 6440: 6415: 6411: 6400: 6384:The Guardian 6382: 6367:the original 6326: 6322: 6304:cite journal 6293:. Retrieved 6288: 6284: 6269:. Retrieved 6262:the original 6257: 6253: 6238:the original 6231: 6215:. Retrieved 6211:the original 6204: 6165: 6161: 6132: 6128: 6099: 6095: 6051: 6047: 6024: 6009:the original 5990: 5969: 5949: 5930: 5911: 5888: 5884:Metz, Steven 5865: 5854:. Retrieved 5847:the original 5838: 5811: 5789: 5770: 5748: 5726: 5707: 5688: 5662: 5628: 5604:. Retrieved 5602:. 4 Mar 2022 5594: 5583:. Retrieved 5581:. 2 Mar 2022 5573: 5562:. Retrieved 5547: 5537: 5525:. Retrieved 5520: 5510: 5498:. Retrieved 5493: 5483: 5471:. Retrieved 5467: 5457: 5448: 5439: 5430: 5421: 5412: 5402: 5391:. Retrieved 5387:The Guardian 5386: 5376: 5365:. Retrieved 5363:. 6 May 2009 5355: 5330: 5320: 5312: 5306:. Retrieved 5291: 5284: 5263: 5254: 5245: 5237: 5233: 5232:Chris Bray, 5228: 5220: 5214:. Retrieved 5199: 5192: 5183: 5177:. Retrieved 5162: 5155: 5133:(2): 81–90. 5130: 5126: 5108:, p. 58 5087:, p. 57 5068:, p. 55 5061: 5052: 5043: 5032:. Retrieved 5024: 5014: 4995: 4975: 4964:. Retrieved 4959: 4949: 4938:. Retrieved 4934:the original 4929: 4919: 4894: 4890: 4881: 4862: 4852: 4833: 4820: 4801: 4795: 4784:. Retrieved 4775: 4755: 4748: 4729: 4725: 4703: 4697: 4689:the original 4684: 4675: 4654: 4651:Holland, Tom 4645: 4636: 4630: 4597: 4593: 4583: 4564: 4558: 4547:. Retrieved 4527: 4519: 4502: 4498: 4488: 4477:. Retrieved 4456: 4436: 4429: 4378: 4374: 4368: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4322: 4318: 4285: 4266: 4262: 4252: 4241:. Retrieved 4234:the original 4225: 4218: 4207:the original 4202: 4189: 4164: 4160: 4150: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4104: 4103: 4082: 4081: 4017:People's war 3931: 3919: 3894: 3867: 3852: 3843: 3832: 3797: 3765: 3737: 3723:21st century 3702: 3657: 3630:World War II 3627: 3619:(1979-1990). 3574:the Troubles 3432:Mihailović's 3409:(Home Army, 3375:Soviet Union 3334:World War II 3295:anti-fascist 3293:, the first 3234:against the 3209: 3189:conventional 3177:Johannesburg 3170: 3162:20th century 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3075: 3067: 3061: 3019: 3006: 3002: 2962: 2947: 2941:October 2014 2938: 2927:Please help 2922:verification 2919: 2884: 2877: 2872: 2863: 2833: 2817: 2777: 2764: 2760: 2753:, father of 2708: 2703:war by proxy 2701: 2698: 2695:War by proxy 2689: 2669: 2653: 2629: 2606: 2583: 2571: 2562: 2552: 2541: 2531: 2507: 2476:jus in bello 2474: 2445:World War II 2428: 2384: 2350: 2341: 2330:Please help 2325:verification 2322: 2258: 2242: 2216: 2195: 2172: 2157: 2151: 2139: 2133: 2127: 2121: 2115: 2109: 2103: 2098: 2086: 2085: 2062:belligerents 2053: 2049: 2048: 1949:Fifth column 1929:War resister 1924:Women in war 1819:Peacekeeping 1764:Arms control 1709: 1398:Mobilization 1393:Conscription 1351:Intelligence 1304:Organization 1105: 950: 879:Encirclement 759:Radiological 695:Conventional 549:Subterranean 456:Development: 455: 432: 394: 356: 319:Naval units: 318: 311:Signal corps 278: 256:Intelligence 241:Specialties: 240: 165:Organization 116:Early modern 6183:10419/68097 5767:Paul, T. V. 5221:Table App.1 4732:: 443–464. 3756:paragliding 3744:Palestinian 3678:during the 3642:superpowers 3628:The end of 3379:ski tactics 3322:Auxiliaries 3269:Abd el-Krim 3222:World War I 3212:Cape Colony 3201:barbed wire 3197:machine gun 3193:blockhouses 3148:Pulang Lupa 3142:, Catubig, 3094:principales 3086:principales 3082:illustrados 3077:principales 3038:bolo knives 3034:auxiliaries 2850:permitting 2836:sea warfare 2801:skirmishing 2727:Philip Agee 2723:Iran-contra 2717:actions or 2715:belligerent 2710:deniability 2518:laws of war 2493:settlements 2464:Vietnam War 2437:laws of war 2433:hit-and-run 2292:during the 2280:during the 2270:French Army 1934:War studies 1757:Non-warfare 1685:Appeasement 1650:Martial law 1489:War economy 1428:Transgender 1381:Recruitment 1141:Containment 1026:Culminating 934:Operational 854:Envelopment 797:Air assault 678:Air cavalry 638:Air defence 618:Information 519:Cold-region 484:Battlespace 433:Historical: 279:Land units: 205:Space force 200:Coast guard 133:Late modern 94:Prehistoric 38:Vietnam War 6601:Categories 6295:2006-06-12 6285:Parameters 6271:2018-01-13 6254:Parameters 6217:2006-03-05 5856:2014-04-15 5606:2022-03-05 5585:2022-03-05 5564:2024-02-16 5494:wct.com.au 5393:2008-02-18 5367:2009-05-06 5308:2020-04-03 5240:(Feb 2002) 5216:2020-04-03 5179:2020-04-03 5106:Deady 2005 5085:Deady 2005 5066:Deady 2005 5034:2016-03-19 5029:Transcript 4966:2008-01-03 4940:2008-01-03 4786:2015-08-05 4549:2016-03-19 4479:2012-09-17 4243:2016-03-19 4203:Parameters 4142:References 4127:Documents: 3705:Kosovo War 3672:Mujahideen 3652:See also: 3614:Nicaraguan 3363:Winter War 3144:Makahambus 3090:illustrado 2994:Osawatomie 2990:John Brown 2840:Royal Navy 2793:propaganda 2719:war crimes 2637:and other 2594:fortresses 2578:Mao Zedong 2425:occupation 2344:March 2022 2278:Royal Navy 2245:civil wars 2179:insurgency 2117:insurgency 2074:resistance 2066:insurgents 1994:War crimes 1984:Operations 1891:Foot drill 1861:Battle cry 1774:deterrence 1433:Harassment 1408:Specialism 1231:Technology 1226:Succession 1171:Liberation 1106:Asymmetric 1041:Empty fort 952:Blitzkrieg 921:Withdrawal 884:Investment 663:Camouflage 658:Biological 596:Underwater 571:Amphibious 490:Aerospace 357:Air units: 334:Submarines 143:fourth-gen 138:industrial 126:napoleonic 19:See also: 6627:Asymmetry 6590:110384704 6561:145246391 6432:145126086 6351:154410180 6116:144222473 5661:Library: 5521:brocku.ca 5347:150473862 4622:161286935 4388:0910.1622 4181:0022-0418 4077:Yank Levy 3913:MAGURA V5 3762:Sri Lanka 3742:and some 3660:Viet Minh 3654:Proxy war 3588:Viet Cong 3484:Force 136 3428:Partisans 3216:Jan Smuts 3207:tactics. 3152:Balangiga 3098:Aguinaldo 3072:oligarchy 3068:ilustrado 2882:mission. 2871:HMS 2844:the Crown 2809:Patriots' 2602:Crusaders 2586:Assassins 2522:terrorism 2510:terrorism 2504:Terrorism 2460:partisans 2373:roadside 2183:terrorism 2135:terrorism 2129:rebellion 1881:War novel 1784:Grey-zone 1744:War games 1705:Overmatch 1655:War crime 1605:Desertion 1595:Ceasefire 1590:Armistice 1477:Logistics 1455:Mercenary 1443:Volunteer 1374:Personnel 1346:Engineers 1291:Sociology 1246:World war 1241:Total war 1221:Strategic 1211:Religious 1196:Political 1191:Perpetual 1166:Irregular 1081:Offensive 1056:Defensive 1051:Deception 1011:Attrition 864:Guerrilla 859:Formation 802:Airbridge 734:Loitering 648:Artillery 301:Artillery 251:Engineers 219:Irregular 190:Air force 34:base camp 31:Viet Cong 6461:37158560 6149:51776546 6076:57571128 6068:26777793 5836:(1964). 5810:(2003). 5792:. Lang. 5769:(1994). 5747:(2004). 5558:Archived 5527:12 April 5500:12 April 5473:12 April 5449:CBS News 5431:BBC News 5389:. 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