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formats, and some might not support vector graphics at all. However, once a file is converted from the vector format, it is likely to be bigger, and it loses the advantage of scalability without loss of resolution. It will also no longer be possible to edit individual parts of the image as discrete objects. The file size of a vector graphic image depends on the number of graphic elements it contains; it is a list of descriptions.
72:
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419:, directly control a drawing mechanism to produce geometric shapes. Since vector display devices can define a line by dealing with just two points (that is, the coordinates of each end of the line), the device can reduce the total amount of data it must deal with by organizing the image in terms of pairs of points.
369:
In many vector datasets, each shape can be combined with a set of properties. The most common are visual characteristics, such as color, line weight, or dash pattern. In systems in which shapes represent real-world features, such as GIS and BIM, a variety of attributes of each represented feature can
801:
but it is much more difficult to go in the opposite direction, especially if subsequent editing of the vector picture is required. It might be an advantage to save an image created from a vector source file as a bitmap/raster format, because different systems have different (and incompatible) vector
926:
On zooming in, lines and curves need not get wider proportionally. Often the width is either not increased or less than proportional. On the other hand, irregular curves represented by simple geometric shapes may be made proportionally wider when zooming in, to keep them looking smooth and not like
148:
While vector hardware has largely disappeared in favor of raster-based monitors and printers, vector data and software continue to be widely used, especially when a high degree of geometric precision is required, and when complex information can be decomposed into simple geometric primitives. Thus,
796:
devices; vector formats have to be converted to a raster format (bitmaps – pixel arrays) before they can be rendered (displayed or printed). The size of the bitmap/raster-format file generated by the conversion will depend on the resolution required, but the size of the vector file generating the
529:
Because this model is useful in a variety of application domains, many different software programs have been created for drawing, manipulating, and visualizing vector graphics. While these are all based on the same basic vector data model, they can interpret and structure shapes very differently,
872:
would blur or pixelate excessively if it were enlarged from business card size to billboard size. (The precise resolution of a raster graphic necessary for high-quality results depends on the viewing distance; e.g., a billboard may still appear to be of high quality even at low resolution if the
683:
or display monitor. SVG files are essentially printable text that describes both straight and curved paths, as well as other attributes. Knowledge prefers SVG for images such as simple maps, line illustrations, coats of arms, and flags, which generally are not like photographs or other
507:, could display vector images but not modify them without first erasing the display. However, these were never as widely used as the raster-based scanning displays used for television, and had largely disappeared by the mid-1980s except for specialized applications.
676:(SVG). The standard is complex and has been relatively slow to be established at least in part owing to commercial interests. Many web browsers now have some support for rendering SVG data but full implementations of the standard are still comparatively rare.
880:). Older character sets were stored as bitmaps. Therefore, to achieve maximum print quality they had to be used at a given resolution only; these font formats are said to be non-scalable. High-quality typography is nowadays based on character drawings (
687:
There is also a version of SVG for mobile phones. In particular, the specific format for mobile phones is called SVGT (SVG Tiny version). These images can count links and also exploit anti-aliasing. They can also be displayed as wallpaper.
1019:
that are impractical to convert into vectors, and so for this type of work, an image editor will operate on the pixels rather than on drawing objects defined by mathematical expressions. Comprehensive graphics tools will combine
863:
since the art is made from a series of mathematical curves; it will print very crisply even when resized. For instance, one can print a vector logo on a small sheet of copy paper, and then enlarge the same vector logo to
246:
the connecting boundary lines and the interior space. Because it is a regular shape, a square could also be defined by the location of one corner, a size (width=height), and a rotation angle.
384:
If a dataset stored in one vector file format is converted to another file format that supports all the primitive objects used in that particular image, then the conversion can be lossless.
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From a 3-D perspective, rendering shadows is also much more realistic with vector graphics, as shadows can be abstracted into the rays of light from which they are formed. This allows for
1024:
from vector and raster sources, and may provide editing tools for both, since some parts of an image could come from a camera source, and others could have been drawn using vector tools.
1120:
Many stock photo websites provide vectorized versions of hosted images, while specific repositories specialize in vector images given their growing popularity among graphic designers.
1015:
Vector formats are not always appropriate in graphics work and also have numerous disadvantages. For example, devices such as cameras and scanners produce essentially continuous-tone
517:
still draw vectors directly to paper by moving a pen as directed through the two-dimensional space of the paper. However, as with monitors, these have largely been replaced by the
920:
compared to large raster images which are defined pixel by pixel. This said, a vector graphic with a small file size is often said to lack detail compared with a real-world photo.
923:
Correspondingly, one can infinitely zoom in on e.g., a circle arc, and it remains smooth. On the other hand, a polygon representing a curve will reveal being not really curved.
684:
continuous-tone images. Rendering SVG requires conversion to a raster format at a resolution appropriate for the current task. SVG is also a format for animated graphics.
876:
If we regard typographic characters as images, then the same considerations that we have made for graphics apply even to the composition of written text for printing (
1460:
946:, etc. does not degrade the quality of a drawing. Moreover, it is usual to specify the dimensions in device-independent units, which results in the best possible
708:
2773:
556:(GIS), which can represent a geographic feature by a combination of a vector shape and a set of attributes. GIS includes vector editing, mapping, and vector
2156:
1492:
593:
This vector-based (SVG format) image of a round four-color swirl displays several unique features of vector graphics versus raster graphics: there is no
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Subsequent vector graphics systems, most of which iterated through dynamically modifiable stored lists of drawing instructions, include the
884:) which are typically stored as vector graphics, and as such are scalable to any size. Examples of these vector formats for characters are
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In recent years, SVG has become a significant format that is completely independent of the resolution of the rendering device, typically a
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Because vector graphics consist of coordinates with lines/curves between them, the size of the representation does not depend on the
1780:
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293:, in which polylines or polygons are augmented with parameters to define a non-linear interpolation between vertices, including
242:. For example, a square can be unambiguously defined by the locations of three of its four corners, from which the software can
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bitmap/raster file will always remain the same. Thus, it is easy to convert from a vector file to a range of bitmap/raster
177:, where raster is more effective and efficient. Some application domains, such as geographic information systems (GIS) and
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Vector graphics are ideal for simple or composite drawings that need to be device-independent, or do not need to achieve
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282:, representing a region of space, defined by its boundary, a polyline with coincident starting and ending vertices.
63:
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between objects may be represented in the data model, such as tracking the connections between road segments in a
2442:
691:
CAD software uses its own vector data formats, usually proprietary formats created by software vendors, such as
2096:
1634:
234:). Because almost all shapes consist of an infinite number of points, the vector model defines a limited set of
2851:
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2201:
2129:
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1066:(loosely, what's in front of what) and combination of primitives into more complex objects. More sophisticated
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instead. However this term can also be confusing as it can be read as any kind of graphics implemented using
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567:
553:
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Irregular three-dimensional surfaces and solids, are usually defined as a connected set of polygons (e.g., a
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38:
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637:, and are intrinsically different from the more common raster graphics file formats such as
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or bitmap graphics, with each having advantages and disadvantages in specific situations.
8:
2104:
Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on
Computer graphics and interactive techniques
2037:
Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on
Computer graphics and interactive techniques
1212:
680:
518:
427:
374:
290:
235:
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have been created for GIS data over its history, including proprietary formats like the
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are all smooth, and the user can resize the image infinitely without losing any quality.
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or polyline, a connected set of line segments, defined by an ordered list of points.
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985:
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614:
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404:
254:
189:
102:
192:. This can lead to some confusion in disciplines in which both meanings are used.
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1585:
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1441:
Vector
Synthesis: a Media-Archaeological Investigation into Sound-Modulated Light
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The parameters of objects are stored and can be later modified. This means that
306:
214:, in which shapes are defined as a set of points in a two- or three-dimensional
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of the object. This minimal amount of information translates to a much smaller
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2522:
2088:
1973:"Stock Photos Websites Market Report | Global Forecast From 2023 To 2032"
1787:, Slide 7, By Mark Kilgard, April 10, 2012, University of Texas at Austin
1307:
1272:
981:
877:
495:
466:
454:
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170:
150:
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Computer
Sciences, Vol 2: Software and Hardware, Macmillan Reference USA
2121:
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2457:
1895:
1524:
The Video Game
Explosion: A History from PONG to Playstation and Beyond
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typically allow translation, rotation, mirroring, stretching, skewing,
1002:
943:
589:
477:
166:
1943:
181:, use both vector and raster graphics at times, depending on purpose.
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917:
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521:
that prints a raster image (which may be rendered from vector data).
443:
398:
238:
that can be specified using a finite sample of salient points called
158:
2774:
2154:
Murray, Stephen (2002). "Graphic
Devices". In Roger R. Flynn (ed.).
1486:
117:. The associated mechanisms may include vector display and printing
2760:
2581:
2571:
2430:
2335:
1528:
1237:
939:
860:
692:
594:
461:. There was a video game console that used vector graphics called
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450:
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2315:
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358:
321:
310:
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114:
62:
This article is about computer illustration. For other uses, see
1413:
GIS Fundamentals: A First Text on
Geographic Information Systems
71:
2467:
2285:
2182:
974:
970:
333:
325:
317:
316:
Standard parametric shapes in two or three dimensions, such as
426:. Vector graphics systems were retired from the U.S. en route
2725:
2652:
2437:
2385:
2275:
1297:
1075:
1021:
662:
352:
110:
1560:
A Conceptual
Framework and Comparison of Spatial Data Models
570:(BIM) models add attributes to each shape, similar to a GIS.
188:, and is not related to other mathematical uses of the term
59:
Computer graphics images defined by points, lines and curves
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In some Vector data, especially in GIS, information about
2745:
2730:
2586:
2487:
2472:
2340:
1367:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 86–87.
1106:
1090:, etc.). In SVG, the composition operations are based on
716:
700:
696:
650:
622:
566:(CAD), used in engineering, architecture, and surveying.
169:, but is entirely inappropriate for applications such as
765:
754:
868:
size and keep the same crisp quality. A low-resolution
422:
Vector graphic displays were first used in 1958 by the
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1419:
415:
Vector-based devices, such as the vector CRT and the
2097:"A characterization of ten rasterization techniques"
2030:"Global and local deformations of solid primitives"
1731:
1493:
1364:
Rendering, Visualization and Rasterization Hardware
286:A variety of more complex shapes may be supported:
264:, defined by two end points, allowing for a simple
2000:"7 of the Best Vector Sites for Graphic Designers"
1875:
1008:stroke line style and color (possibly transparent)
992:An indication that what is to be drawn is a circle
816:Comparison of raster-to-vector conversion software
769:Detail can be added to or removed from vector art.
210:of vector graphics is based on the mathematics of
75:Example showing comparison of vector graphics and
1893:
1633:. COE Unix Network. June 18, 2002. Archived from
1605:"Vector & Raster Graphics in Offset Printing"
1321:
93:in which visual images are created directly from
2833:
1796:
609:Vector graphics are commonly found today in the
184:Vector graphics are based on the mathematics of
1861:(6th ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 194.
1035:does not simply refer to graphics described by
723:, and formats created by standards bodies like
430:in 1999. Vector graphics were also used on the
370:be stored, such as name, age, size, and so on.
597:along the rounded edge (which would result in
149:it is the preferred model for domains such as
2209:
1682:"ASCIIsvg: Easy mathematical vector graphics"
434:at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1399:Essentials of Geographic Information Systems
1360:
1115:
1854:
1848:
1778:CS 354 Vector Graphics & Path Rendering
1011:fill style and color (possibly transparent)
23:
2216:
2202:
1928:Vector Graphics for Real-time 3D Rendering
1823:
1817:
1354:
711:, proprietary but public formats like the
387:
249:The fundamental geometric primitives are:
24:
2223:
2111:
2044:
534:Graphic design and illustration, using a
141:). Vector graphics are an alternative to
1830:(4th ed.). Peachpit Press. p.
1790:
1657:"PNG vs. SVG: What are the differences?"
1415:(3rd ed.). Eider Press. p. 37.
764:
753:
588:
397:
70:
32:This is an accepted version of this page
1998:Says, Studyessay org (March 21, 2022).
1706:
1688:from the original on September 16, 2013
1410:
988:needs in order to draw this circle are
129:based on these data models (especially
14:
2834:
2153:
1745:Nigel Chapman; Jenny Chapman (2002) .
1611:from the original on February 12, 2014
1552:
1484:
1437:
1425:
1404:
1328:Nigel Chapman; Jenny Chapman (2002) .
1027:Some authors have criticized the term
672:(W3C) standard for vector graphics is
503:. Storage scope displays, such as the
487:and many cinematronics titles such as
2769:Exchangeable image file format (Exif)
2197:
1223:Comparison of vector graphics editors
548:Comparison of vector graphics editors
2087:Gharachorloo, Nader; Gupta, Satish;
2027:
1997:
1894:SVG Working Group (March 15, 2011).
1881:
1684:. Peter Jipsen, Chapman University.
1520:
1050:
1039:. Some authors have proposed to use
819:
699:and public exchange formats such as
1924:
1906:from the original on August 7, 2022
1827:Sad Macs, Bombs and Other Disasters
1631:"Printing and Exporting (Graphics)"
1607:. Olympus Press. December 6, 2013.
1466:from the original on April 18, 2021
1228:Comparison of graphics file formats
1031:as being confusing. In particular,
873:viewing distance is great enough.)
530:using very different file formats.
351:) or as parametric surfaces (e.g.,
56:
2779:Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP)
2106:. Vol. 23. pp. 355–368.
1953:from the original on July 28, 2020
1485:Kassem, Dalal (October 15, 2014).
1126:List of vector image repositories
57:
2868:
2175:
1977:datasetsearch.research.google.com
1005:of the center point of the circle
792:Modern displays and printers are
125:and file formats, as well as the
2814:
2803:
2802:
2181:
2039:. Vol. 18. pp. 21–30.
823:
758:Original reference photo before
64:Vector graphics (disambiguation)
1991:
1965:
1925:Qin, Zheng (January 27, 2009).
1918:
1896:"SVG Compositing Specification"
1887:
1800:AdvancED Game Design with Flash
1771:
1700:
1674:
1649:
1623:
1597:
584:
186:analytic or coordinate geometry
1514:
1478:
1431:
1381:
805:
747:covers proprietary and public
554:Geographic information systems
139:geographic information systems
13:
1:
2021:
1457:urn:NBN:fi:aalto-201905193156
1112:use a vector graphics model.
812:Vectorization (image tracing)
738:
568:Building information modeling
438:by computer graphics pioneer
408:-like video game played on a
195:
1438:Holzer, Derek (April 2019).
1278:Vector graphics file formats
900:Advantages of this style of
895:
773:
7:
2028:Barr, Alan H. (July 1984).
1572:10.3138/D794-N214-221R-23R5
1558:Peuquet, Donna J. (1984), "
1248:Javascript graphics library
1200:
1045:object-oriented programming
854:
719:, open source formats like
524:
216:cartesian coordinate system
10:
2873:
1110:page description languages
809:
777:
742:
733:Open Geospatial Consortium
601:in a raster graphic), the
424:US SAGE air defense system
391:
199:
61:
2797:
2759:
2701:
2618:
2595:
2231:
1797:Rex van der Spuy (2010).
1578:October 24, 2021, at the
1521:Wolf, Mark J. P. (2008).
1125:
1116:Vector image repositories
670:World Wide Web Consortium
375:topological relationships
1592:Gharachorloo et al. 1989
1314:
1041:object-oriented graphics
969:For example, consider a
859:Vector art is ideal for
703:. Hundreds of distinct
674:Scalable Vector Graphics
363:iterated function system
268:of the intervening line.
39:latest accepted revision
1803:. Apress. p. 306.
1783:April 18, 2020, at the
1393:April 11, 2022, at the
1263:Resolution independence
1056:Vector graphics editors
927:these geometric shapes.
388:Vector display hardware
131:graphic design software
1936:University of Waterloo
1411:Bolstad, Paul (2008).
1401:, Saylor Academy, 2012
1060:affine transformations
832:This section is empty.
784:Raster image processor
770:
762:
606:
536:vector graphics editor
412:
361:, often defined as an
83:
2852:Graphics file formats
2468:PBM / PGM / PPM / PNM
2225:Graphics file formats
2055:10.1145/800031.808573
1858:Graphic Design Basics
1361:Arie Kaufman (1993).
1233:Computer-aided design
980:. The main pieces of
768:
757:
709:Esri file geodatabase
592:
564:Computer-aided design
401:
135:computer-aided design
74:
2190:at Wikimedia Commons
1855:Amy Arntson (2011).
1488:The Sketchpad Window
635:graphic file formats
576:software, including
574:3D computer graphics
540:graphic art software
266:linear interpolation
236:geometric primitives
2784:GIF § Metadata
2122:10.1145/74333.74370
2093:Sutherland, Ivan E.
1824:Ted Landau (2000).
1713:Welcome to wally!!!
1637:on February 6, 2014
1213:Anti-Grain Geometry
1101:. For example, the
705:vector file formats
519:wide-format printer
465:as well as various
442:to run his program
428:air traffic control
303:Catmull–Rom splines
212:coordinate geometry
202:Geometric primitive
29:Page version status
2089:Sproull, Robert F.
1749:Digital Multimedia
1531:. pp. 67–71.
1388:Vector Data Models
1332:Digital Multimedia
788:Render output unit
771:
763:
745:image file formats
607:
578:computer animation
436:Lincoln Laboratory
413:
208:logical data model
84:
35:
2829:
2828:
2186:Media related to
1868:978-1-133-41950-1
1841:978-0-201-69963-0
1810:978-1-4302-2739-7
1753:. Wiley. p.
1709:"Vector Graphics"
1538:978-0-313-33868-7
1428:, pp. 81–83.
1374:978-3-540-56787-5
1336:. Wiley. p.
1198:
1197:
1092:alpha composition
1051:Vector operations
1037:Euclidean vectors
852:
851:
715:and the original
599:digital artifacts
550:for capabilities.
544:Adobe Illustrator
515:technical drawing
379:transport network
291:Parametric curves
91:computer graphics
47:15 September 2024
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1715:. Archived from
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1218:Cairo (graphics)
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834:You can help by
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558:spatial analysis
402:A free software
95:geometric shapes
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1268:Turtle graphics
1258:Raster graphics
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1180:Evanto Elements
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1033:vector graphics
1029:vector graphics
1017:raster graphics
906:raster graphics
898:
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810:Main articles:
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778:Main articles:
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725:Simple Features
603:color gradients
587:
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501:vector monitors
440:Ivan Sutherland
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342:superellipsoids
273:polygonal chain
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87:Vector graphics
77:raster graphics
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2176:External links
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2113:10.1.1.105.461
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2004:Spoon Graphics
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410:vector monitor
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392:Main article:
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175:remote sensing
89:are a form of
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307:BĂ©zier curves
304:
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299:cubic splines
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295:circular arcs
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40:
33:
28:
19:
18:Vector images
2813:
2801:
2619:
2164:. Retrieved
2157:
2143:. Retrieved
2103:
2076:. Retrieved
2036:
2007:. Retrieved
2003:
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
1979:. April 2023
1976:
1967:
1955:. Retrieved
1927:
1920:
1908:. Retrieved
1899:
1889:
1877:
1857:
1850:
1826:
1819:
1799:
1792:
1773:
1748:
1721:. Retrieved
1717:the original
1712:
1702:
1690:. Retrieved
1676:
1666:December 12,
1664:. Retrieved
1660:
1651:
1639:. Retrieved
1635:the original
1625:
1613:. Retrieved
1599:
1587:
1563:
1554:
1542:. Retrieved
1523:
1516:
1504:. Retrieved
1487:
1480:
1468:. Retrieved
1440:
1433:
1421:
1412:
1406:
1398:
1383:
1363:
1356:
1331:
1323:
1293:Vector packs
1243:Illustration
1194:Proprietary
1184:Proprietary
1174:Proprietary
1154:Proprietary
1144:Proprietary
1119:
1096:
1088:intersection
1054:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1014:
996:
977:
968:
899:
875:
858:
840:
836:adding to it
831:
799:file formats
791:
743:The list of
690:
686:
678:
667:
608:
585:File formats
528:
509:
494:
488:
483:
476:
470:
467:arcade games
448:
421:
414:
403:
383:
372:
368:
349:polygon mesh
338:tetrahedrons
285:
262:line segment
248:
231:
227:
223:
219:
205:
183:
163:3D rendering
155:architecture
147:
126:
122:
118:
86:
85:
68:
46:
37:This is the
31:
2523:Logluv TIFF
1501:10919/63920
1426:Murray 2002
1308:3D modeling
1273:Vector game
1150:VectorStock
995:the radius
982:information
961:images and
878:typesetting
806:From raster
496:Tail Gunner
455:Imlac PDS-1
417:pen plotter
244:interpolate
171:photography
151:engineering
123:data models
2836:Categories
2820:Comparison
2131:0201504340
2064:0897911385
2022:References
2009:August 25,
1983:August 25,
1944:10012/4262
1934:(Thesis).
1491:(Thesis).
1447:(Thesis).
1103:PostScript
1084:difference
1074:on closed
963:renderings
950:on raster
914:dimensions
739:Conversion
478:Space Wars
200:See also:
196:Data model
167:typography
101:, such as
2557:UFO / UFP
2493:PSD / PSB
2406:JPEG 2000
2366:ICO / CUR
2166:August 3,
2108:CiteSeerX
2041:CiteSeerX
1910:August 8,
1882:Barr 1984
1208:Animation
1164:Freemium
918:file size
896:Operation
866:billboard
843:June 2018
774:To raster
731:from the
713:Shapefile
633:types of
472:Asteroids
446:in 1963.
444:Sketchpad
405:Asteroids
253:A single
159:surveying
121:, vector
2808:Category
2761:Metadata
2703:Compound
2431:JPEG-HDR
2145:July 28,
2078:July 31,
2073:16162806
1957:July 28,
1948:Archived
1904:Archived
1781:Archived
1723:June 16,
1692:June 16,
1686:Archived
1641:June 16,
1615:June 16,
1609:Archived
1576:Archived
1544:July 31,
1529:ABC-CLIO
1470:July 31,
1461:Archived
1391:Archived
1238:Direct2D
1201:See also
1160:Vecteezy
1134:License
1070:include
1003:location
940:rotating
861:printing
855:Printing
693:Autodesk
595:aliasing
542:such as
525:Software
513:used in
511:Plotters
459:DEC GT40
451:IBM 2250
359:Fractals
322:ellipses
311:bezigons
240:vertices
127:software
119:hardware
115:polygons
43:reviewed
2550:TIFF/IT
2545:TIFF/EP
2426:JPEG XT
2421:JPEG XS
2416:JPEG XR
2411:JPEG XL
2401:JPEG-LS
2140:8253227
1170:Freepik
1064:z-order
986:program
952:devices
944:filling
936:scaling
902:drawing
721:GeoJSON
681:printer
490:Rip Off
484:Tempest
463:Vectrex
334:spheres
326:squares
318:circles
280:polygon
232:x, y, z
2857:Design
2658:Gerber
2620:Vector
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