4684:
4695:
2093:
2080:
2070:
1175:) ... is now increasingly recognized to be not a generic term for supporters of the Buddhist community who happen not to be monks or nuns, but a very precise category designating those lay adherents who have taken on specific vows. ...hese dedicated lay Buddhists did not constitute a free-standing community, but were rather adjunct members of particular monastic organizations."
33:
936:
If, after six months, the disciple has upheld the precepts well, he may ask the monastic for formal taking of the precepts. The disciple will then take refuge in the Triple Gem, and the monastic will then ensure the disciple is prepared to take on all (as opposed to only some) of the precepts. If the
916:
A person who has honored these relationships and paid his respects to the six directions must then receive permission from his parents to accept the precepts. If they agree, he informs his spouse and those under his employment. Traditionally, the disciple would then get permission from his king. This
928:
The monastic explains the benefits of the precepts as well as the negative consequences of breaking them, and asks if the disciple is prepared to accept them and remain dedicated to the Triple Gem. Next, the monastic asks the disciple if to follow additional habits to prevent breaking the precepts,
924:
The monastic and disciple then engage in a dialog, with the monastic asking questions and the disciple answering. The monastic asks the disciple if he has paid respects to the six directions and if he has the relevant permissions. The monk will ask a series of questions that ensure the practitioner
920:
The disciple, having paid his respects to the six directions and having the relevant permissions, may now ask a monastic to help him receive the precepts. (In modern times, these ceremonies are normally held on a regular basis at temples and presided over by the temple master or his deputy, and one
912:
The disciple hoping to receive the precepts first pays respects to the six directions, which represent their parents, teacher, husband or wife, friends, religious master and employees (traditionally servants). Honoring the six directions is a "means fulfilling one's reciprocal responsibilities in
814:
The eight precepts is a list of precepts that are observed by lay devotees on observance days and festivals. They include general precepts such as refraining from killing, but also more specific ones, such as abstaining from cosmetics. These precepts were probably based on pre-Buddhist
837:, and are often observed when staying in monasteries and temples. In some periods and places, such as in 7th–10th-century China, the precepts were widely observed. In modern times, there have been revival movements and important political figures that have observed them continuously.
976:(缦衣) worn outside the black robes is symbolic of their upholding of the precepts. Unlike monastics, they are not permitted to regularly wear robes outside functions other than temple activities or Buddhist disciplines.
731:. Asked how one practices being a lay follower "both for his own benefit & the benefit of others," the Buddha states that one is consummate oneself in and encourages others in the consummation of: conviction (
1036:, three of the discourses deal with the questions posed by Citta to the bhikkhus, three of them are queries put to Citta by the bhikkhus, and four refer to personal events. Another famous male lay follower is
963:
In the
Chinese tradition, both upāsakas and upāsikās are permitted to wear robes for temple ceremonies and retreats, as well as home practice. Upāsakas and upāsikās wear long sleeved black robes called
956:). This practice can still be found in contemporary Theravadin temples, especially during the occasion when a non-Buddhist converts to Buddhism or when one is observing the Eight Precepts on an
1766:
952:
wore white robes, representing a level of renunciation between lay people and monastics. For this reason, some traditional texts make reference to "white-robed lay people" (
1623:(Miln. VI, 4), King Milinda refers to "a layman — clad in white, enjoying sense pleasures, dwelling as master in a house crowded with wife and children..." (Mendis, p. 112).
1698:
695:
monastics in a
Buddhist order, and who undertake certain vows. In modern times they have a connotation of dedicated piety that is best suggested by terms such as "
909:
The ordination procedures for receiving precepts in the
Chinese tradition are laid out in the fourteenth chapter of the Sutra on Upasaka Precepts (優婆塞戒經受戒品第十四).
1569:
933:. If the practitioner is prepared, the monk asks the disciple to practice all the advice for six months while remaining under the monk's regular observation.
1379:
637:
1819:(The Wheel Publication No. 402/404). Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. Retrieved 2007-10-22 from "Access to Insight" (1996 transcription) at
2834:
3749:
2224:
940:
The chapter closes with a description of consequences of breaking the precepts and the obligations that one must take on after receiving the precepts.
1213:
3753:
1456:
1264:
1185:
3977:
2013:
862:
or an image of the Buddha. Newborns of
Buddhist parents are traditionally initiated by being brought on their first outing to a temple on a
2194:
1716:
Fuengfusakul, Apinya (1 January 1993), "Empire of
Crystal and Utopian Commune: Two Types of Contemporary Theravada Reform in Thailand",
2302:
335:
2037:
2059:
1241:
Yato kho jīvaka, buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, saṇghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, ettāvatā kho jīvaka, upāsako hotīti
630:
4569:
4021:
1675:
1543:
4224:
2204:
1860:
1497:
1482:
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In traditional
Theravada communities, a non-Buddhist becomes a Buddhist lay disciple by repeating the ancient formulas for the
1942:
1845:
1807:
1783:
1692:
2387:
2229:
1709:
623:
4564:
937:
disciple commits to accepting all the precepts, and recites them with the monk, then he has finished his lay ordination.
4461:
4011:
2106:
1191:. Also, see Nattier (2003), p. 25, quoted at length above, for recent scholarship on the Pali term's historical usage.
2307:
1920:
1900:
1758:
4554:
1032:. They are the model standards are set for lay people and monks. Of the ten instructive discourses contained in the
4239:
3984:
1367:
4631:
4621:
2450:
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4229:
4031:
3922:
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1158:
suggests "those who serve" and that the word is best understood as "'lay auxiliary' of the monastic community".
245:
4720:
4546:
4244:
3927:
2219:
2052:
2014:
http://metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/4Anguttara-Nikaya/Anguttara5/8-atthakanipata/003-gahapativaggo-p.html
1442:
4129:
4001:
3972:
3674:
1892:
1637:
1267:
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3729:
3199:
2844:
2357:
2252:
1708:
Encyclopædia
Britannica (2007). "Upasaka." Retrieved 2007-10-24 from "Encyclopædia Britannica Online" at
3364:
1470:
527:
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4149:
3625:
3111:
2234:
2067:
1950:
1820:
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1775:
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traditions, a ceremony of taking refuge in the Triple Gem as well as the receiving of the precepts (受戒
3559:
4559:
4372:
4362:
4234:
3217:
2797:
2558:
2533:
2031:
1205:
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3808:
3801:
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3237:
2857:
2673:
2618:
2239:
2045:
128:
1663:
925:
has not committed grave offenses and is both physically and mentally fit to receive the precepts.
4730:
4601:
4581:
3912:
3892:
3649:
3379:
2623:
1837:
811:). It was a widespread practice in Chinese Buddhist communities as well, and is still practiced.
17:
1266:; also see: Harvey (1990), p. 192; and Kariyawasam (1995), chapter 3, "Poya Days," available at
4611:
4451:
4119:
4089:
3862:
3813:
3654:
3602:
3597:
3359:
3180:
3077:
2829:
2824:
2573:
1117:
544:
2941:
858:
in response to the formal administrations of a monk or by himself in himself or in front of a
4616:
4586:
4167:
4099:
3932:
3847:
3842:
3766:
3761:
3679:
2209:
1526:
210:
3232:
1483:
https://web.archive.org/web/20120706235311/http://www.thisismyanmar.com/nibbana/snyotun3.htm
1055:
tradition, a well known
Upasaka is Upasaka Dharmatala who serves as the attendant of the 16
4639:
4606:
4591:
4109:
4006:
3952:
3837:
3776:
3744:
3739:
3724:
3709:
3699:
3664:
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3192:
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2435:
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2151:
2101:
1009:
413:
363:
4479:
3094:
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2765:
2503:
1598:
1514:
1016:
17:23), the Buddha said that a devoted lay disciple should foster the wish to become like
8:
4446:
4325:
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4134:
4124:
4084:
4061:
3944:
3917:
3877:
3796:
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3714:
3641:
3072:
2929:
2710:
2688:
2640:
2460:
2260:
2116:
2096:
1671:
1029:
834:
656:
349:
2420:
2347:
4509:
4414:
4256:
4219:
4214:
4144:
4094:
4041:
4036:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3887:
3872:
3857:
3852:
3791:
3771:
3734:
3659:
3464:
3165:
3089:
2967:
2909:
2750:
2650:
2578:
2553:
2199:
2129:
2019:
1978:
1877:
1735:
1710:
https://web.archive.org/web/20060621163706/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9074383
1188:
929:
to discourage others from breaking them, and to avoid excessive attachment to the five
664:
259:
238:
234:
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1547:
4687:
4649:
4345:
4330:
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3719:
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2693:
2613:
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1958:
1938:
1916:
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1881:
1841:
1803:
1779:
1754:
1718:
1688:
1578:
1450:
1021:
969:
895:
168:
3631:
2425:
2325:
1494:
1493:
From 'The
Teachings of the Buddha', the Ministry of Religious Affairs, Yangon, 1997
1443:"Buddhist Ceremonies and Rituals of Sri Lanka, Chapter 1, "Initiation and Worship,""
4335:
4288:
4283:
4139:
4104:
4079:
4074:
3825:
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3369:
3025:
3018:
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2792:
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2342:
2214:
2027:
2009:
1869:
1727:
1201:
1107:
1101:
1017:
609:
297:
142:
116:
49:
3414:
1636:
days, see, for instance, Kariyawasam (1995), chapter 3, "Poya Days," available at
4699:
4644:
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4524:
4394:
4192:
4172:
4114:
4026:
3689:
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3434:
3170:
3153:
3138:
3116:
2668:
2538:
2372:
2352:
1928:
1831:
1793:
1501:
1263:
Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), pp. 150-1, entry for "Uposatha," available at
1097:
1013:
227:
3444:
2598:
2588:
985:, a short cloth worn around the neck of Zen Buddhist laity. Another form is the
577:
4654:
4357:
4207:
3989:
3569:
3549:
3469:
3158:
3148:
3082:
2919:
2405:
2268:
1873:
1087:
1082:
1060:
804:
680:
194:
1962:
558:
4714:
4424:
4273:
3582:
3484:
3342:
3143:
3121:
3057:
2728:
2523:
2518:
2410:
2079:
1184:
Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 150, entry for "Upāsaka," available at
1077:
1072:
1037:
855:
851:
768:
728:
510:
323:
41:
2882:
2872:
2244:
376:
4514:
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4419:
4409:
4251:
4046:
3539:
3374:
3252:
3040:
3035:
2862:
2733:
2608:
2069:
1934:
1827:
1620:
1531:
1111:
1091:
572:
481:
3297:
3282:
3242:
2939:
2603:
2179:
1908:
1239:
1187:; and, Encyclopædia Britannica (2007), entry for "upasaka," available at
1025:
601:
585:
559:
461:
455:
425:
311:
305:
285:
279:
273:
267:
104:
84:
4484:
4313:
3454:
3439:
3222:
3030:
2958:
2738:
2568:
2470:
2317:
2189:
1041:
994:
751:; and, hearing, remembering, analyzing, understanding and practicing the
4474:
2934:
1982:
1739:
1638:
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/kariyawasam/wheel402.html#ch3
1268:
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/kariyawasam/wheel402.html#ch3
1131:- a title which describes a midway status between a monk and a layperson
993:
in the form of a strip of brocade fabric worn around the neck, with the
4429:
4387:
4263:
4069:
3994:
3608:
3592:
3554:
3534:
3429:
3404:
3312:
3247:
3227:
2973:
2904:
2775:
2658:
2628:
2563:
2513:
2171:
2161:
2134:
1907:
A Few Good Men: The
Bodhisattva Path according to The Inquiry of Ugra (
867:
720:
708:
3449:
2445:
1664:
The Path of the Householder: Buddhist Lay Discipline in the Pali Canon
249:
4404:
4377:
3544:
3419:
3131:
3047:
2924:
2814:
2787:
2780:
2743:
2700:
2663:
2430:
2395:
2362:
2337:
2292:
1471:
http://www.sinc.sunysb.edu/Clubs/buddhism/khantipalo/goingrefuge.html
1278:
1276:
1128:
1052:
821:
practices. Since the eight precepts are often upheld on the Buddhist
796:
739:
506:
488:
424:
4177:
3013:
2867:
2633:
2415:
2284:
2276:
1821:
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/kariyawasam/wheel402.html
1649:
dhammatalks.net/Books13/Hellmuth_Hecker-Lives_of_the_Disciples-1.pdf
715:, the Buddha is asked, "Lord, to what extent is one a lay follower (
180:
4694:
4534:
4489:
4434:
4399:
4303:
3962:
3529:
3524:
3474:
3409:
3327:
3292:
3287:
2948:
2819:
2807:
2718:
2377:
2074:
1855:
1731:
990:
879:
863:
800:
692:
688:
676:
668:
454:
76:
3519:
3509:
3494:
3317:
3187:
2455:
2032:
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an08/an08.026.than.html
1768:
An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics: Foundations, Values and Issues
1273:
339:
4439:
4382:
4367:
3514:
3504:
3479:
3354:
3349:
3307:
3277:
3209:
3175:
3062:
3003:
2998:
2852:
2755:
2593:
2543:
2330:
2156:
1889:
The Questions of King Milinda: An Abridgement of the Milindapañha
1577:. Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research.
1527:
Blooming in the Desert: Favorite Teachings of the Wildflower Monk
1122:
1045:
930:
817:
748:
684:
600:
593:
584:
420:
356:Ưu-bà-tắc (Cận sự nam - Upāsaka) / Ưu-bà-di (Cận sự nữ - Upāsikā)
3126:
2894:
1125:- Buddhist "disciple" (includes both monastic and lay followers)
672:
4519:
4504:
4340:
4202:
4182:
3957:
3619:
3499:
3489:
3424:
3052:
3008:
2993:
2983:
2953:
2877:
2760:
2528:
2400:
2144:
2139:
1961:. A general on-line search engine for the PED is available at
1856:"Buddhist Politics and Their Revolutionary Origins in Thailand"
1336:
1134:
1056:
1000:
emblazoned on it. It also acts as a simplified type of kasaya.
981:
887:
859:
752:
733:
502:
469:
403:
154:
45:
4659:
4494:
4352:
4318:
4298:
4268:
4197:
3614:
3459:
3337:
3332:
3302:
3257:
3104:
3099:
2978:
2683:
2508:
2475:
2465:
1969:
Watson, Burton (1988), "Buddhism in the Poetry of Po Chü-i",
1795:
An introduction to Buddhism: teachings, history and practices
1747:
An introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, history and practices
1040:. Regarding female disciples, the most important figures are
921:
would not ask a random monk or nun to perform the ceremony.)
901:
696:
52:
No.1 to describe his affiliation to Buddhism (circa 258 BCE).
1481:
The Light of Buddha, U Sein Nyo Tun, Vol. III, No. 10, 1958
968:(海青), symbolic of their refuge in the Triple Jewel. A brown
4529:
3322:
2988:
2485:
1422:
1209:
433:
389:
96:
1995:
32:
4187:
2723:
1375:
1324:
883:
675:
words for "attendant". This is the title of followers of
437:
1515:
http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/bs-s17.htm
1513:
Buddhist studies, secondary level, becoming a buddhist
1410:
1398:
1312:
302:
1440:
719:)?" The Buddha replies that one takes refuge in the
1386:
1348:
1288:
1189:
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9074383/upasaka
1154:
Nattier (2003), p. 25, states that the etymology of
1300:
2024:Jivaka Sutta: To Jivaka (On Being a Lay Follower)
1599:"Buddhist Studies (Secondary) Family and Society"
1495:http://www.thisismyanmar.com/nibbana/precept2.htm
4712:
1024:, while devoted bhikkhus should aspire to equal
873:
866:or festival day where they are presented to the
833:in such context. They are considered to support
803:days, devout lay practitioners may request the "
354:
1955:The Pali Text Society’s Pali–English dictionary
979:Some Japanese laity can also be seen wearing a
723:. Asked how one is a "virtuous lay follower" (
702:
264:
899:
782:I will not take what has not been given to me;
727:), the Buddha replies that one undertakes the
184:
173:
81:
2053:
1200:In this article, regarding the Jivaka Sutta (
1137:- non-monastic Tibetan Buddhism practitioners
917:last procedure is no longer widely observed.
779:I will not take the life of a sentient being;
631:
158:
147:
132:
121:
2835:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
1817:Buddhist Ceremonies and Rituals of Sri Lanka
1715:
1669:
1428:
1342:
1282:
232:
27:Lay followers of Buddhism, not monks or nuns
2000:Sri Lanka Buddha Jayanti Tipitaka Series (
1963:http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/
1455:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
199:
2060:
2046:
1632:Regarding the wearing of white clothes on
1167:Nattier (2003), p. 25, notes: "...he term
638:
624:
328:
101:
1926:
1915:. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
1318:
791:I will refrain from becoming intoxicated.
1619:. 32. Relatedly, in the para-canonical
840:
31:
4022:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
1226:Kittāvatā nu kho bhante, upāsako hotīti
1003:
845:
14:
4713:
4225:List of Buddhist architecture in China
1968:
1861:International Political Science Review
1791:
1764:
1666:, Buddhist Studies Review 19 (1), 1-18
1404:
1392:
1382:from the original on 30 November 2018.
1354:
1294:
785:I will refrain from sexual misconduct;
2041:
1953:& William Stede (eds.) (1921-5).
1853:
1826:
1416:
1330:
1306:
1204:8.26), English translations are from
1567:
1544:"Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 24, No. 1488"
1059:. He is seen to be an emanation of
201:ឧបាសក (masculine)/ឧបាសិកា (feminine)
943:
699:devotee" or "devout lay follower".
24:
4012:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
1254:Thanissaro (1997). SLTP (undated).
1044:(foremost in teaching Dharma) and
25:
4742:
1989:
1704:from the original on 12 June 2018
1469:Phra Khantipalo,Going for Refuge
788:I will refrain from false speech;
4693:
4683:
4682:
4240:Thai temple art and architecture
3985:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
2225:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
2091:
2078:
2068:
1996:Theravada resources for Upasakas
1677:Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
1224:Thanissaro (1997). The Pali is:
149:優婆塞, 優婆夷 / 鄔波索迦, 鄔波斯迦 / 在家眾 / 居士
2092:
1656:
1643:
1626:
1609:
1591:
1561:
1536:
1519:
1507:
1487:
1475:
1463:
1434:
1360:
906:) is a type of lay ordination.
4230:Japanese Buddhist architecture
4032:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
3112:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
2303:Places where the Buddha stayed
1257:
1248:
1231:
1218:
1194:
1178:
1161:
1148:
913:each of these relationships".
175:在家（ざいけ） / 優婆塞（うばそく） / 優婆夷（うばい）
13:
1:
4245:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
1571:The Sutra on Upāsaka Precepts
1372:Buddhism: Theravada Buddhism"
874:Mahayana/Vajrayana traditions
4002:Buddhism and the Roman world
3978:Decline of Buddhism in India
3973:History of Buddhism in India
2073: Topics in
2030:8.26). Available on-line at
1893:Buddhist Publication Society
1815:Kariyawasam, A.G.S. (1995).
763:The five vows to be held by
703:From the Buddhist scriptures
7:
3200:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
2940:
1909:
1441:A.G.S. Kariyawasam (1996).
1240:
1066:
758:
602:
586:
560:
462:
456:
426:
340:
312:
306:
286:
280:
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268:
250:
211:
185:
159:
133:
105:
85:
10:
4747:
4150:The unanswerable questions
2034:. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
2016:. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
2012:8). Available on-line at
1965:. Retrieved on 2006-12-26.
1874:10.1177/019251218901000203
1800:Cambridge University Press
1776:Cambridge University Press
1751:Cambridge University Press
1685:Princeton University Press
1048:(foremost in generosity).
825:days, they are called the
4678:
4630:
4545:
4460:
4235:Buddhist temples in Korea
4158:
4060:
3943:
3640:
3568:
3395:
3268:
3208:
2843:
2798:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
2709:
2701:Three planes of existence
2649:
2494:
2386:
2316:
2308:Buddha in world religions
2170:
2115:
2087:
1568:Shih, Heng-ching (1994).
948:Traditionally, in India,
599:
583:
571:
557:
550:
540:
526:
501:
487:
480:
453:
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419:
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387:
362:
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200:
193:
174:
167:
148:
141:
122:
115:
102:
95:
82:
75:
67:
60:
4017:Persecution of Buddhists
3238:Four stages of awakening
2619:Three marks of existence
2205:Physical characteristics
1833:A Dictionary of Buddhism
1670:Buswell, Robert E. Jr.;
1343:Buswell & Lopez 2013
1283:Buswell & Lopez 2013
1245:(SLTP 8.1.3.1, undated).
1228:(SLTP 8.1.3.1, undated).
1214:SLTP (undated), 8.1.3.6.
1141:
807:" from monastics (Pali:
767:are referred to as the "
406:(the Buddhist community)
3380:Ten principal disciples
2263:(aunt, adoptive mother)
1887:Mendis, N.K.G. (2001).
1838:Oxford University Press
304:དགེ་བསྙེན/དགེ་བསྙེན་མ (
4090:Buddhism and democracy
3603:Tibetan Buddhist canon
3598:Chinese Buddhist canon
2830:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
2825:Early Buddhist schools
1930:The Ethics of Buddhism
1927:Tachibana, S. (1992),
1792:Harvey, Peter (2013),
1765:Harvey, Peter (2000),
1745:Harvey, Peter (1990).
1662:Bluck, Robert (2002).
1615:Nattier (2003), p. 25
1118:Householder (Buddhism)
900:
679:(or, historically, of
355:
186:zaike / ubasoku / ubai
53:
4100:Eight Consciousnesses
2210:Life of Buddha in art
1905:Nattier, Jan (2003).
841:Initiation ceremonies
278:); ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠨ/ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠨᠮᠠ᠋ (
35:
4721:Buddhist monasticism
4577:East Asian religions
4007:Buddhism in the West
3578:Early Buddhist texts
3193:Four Right Exertions
2659:Ten spiritual realms
2152:Noble Eightfold Path
1971:The Eastern Buddhist
1854:Keyes, C.F. (1989),
1672:Lopez, Donald S. Jr.
1010:Early Buddhist Texts
1004:Famous lay followers
878:In both the Chinese
846:Theravada traditions
809:uposathaṃ samādiyati
489:Anagārika, Anagārikā
414:Buddhist monasticism
364:Glossary of Buddhism
4700:Religion portal
4447:Temple of the Tooth
4326:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
3365:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
2858:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
2641:Two truths doctrine
2461:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2261:Mahapajapati Gotamī
835:meditation practice
528:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
4622:Western philosophy
4220:Dzong architecture
4042:Vipassana movement
4037:Buddhist modernism
3465:Emperor Wen of Sui
3233:Pratyekabuddhayāna
3166:Threefold Training
2968:Vipassana movement
2684:Hungry Ghost realm
2504:Avidyā (Ignorance)
2451:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
2200:Great Renunciation
2195:Eight Great Events
2077:
2020:Thanissaro Bhikkhu
1500:2011-01-01 at the
1419:, pp. 319–20.
1378:. 2 October 2002.
541:Gahattha, gahapati
54:
4708:
4707:
4346:Om mani padme hum
4052:Women in Buddhism
3968:Buddhist councils
3838:Western countries
3626:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
3387:Shaolin Monastery
2964:Samatha-vipassanā
2574:Pratītyasamutpāda
2378:Metteyya/Maitreya
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2125:Four Noble Truths
2022:(trans.) (1997).
1959:Pali Text Society
1951:Rhys Davids, T.W.
1944:978-0-7007-0230-5
1847:978-0-19-157917-2
1809:978-0-521-85942-4
1785:978-0-511-07584-1
1694:978-0-691-15786-3
1603:www.buddhanet.net
1429:Fuengfusakul 1993
1407:, pp. 378–9.
1206:Thanissaro (1997)
648:
647:
615:
614:
552:Related religions
518:lay renunciants (
493:lay renunciants (
369:
368:
330:อุบาสก / อุบาสิกา
134:ṵpàθakà / ṵpàθḭkà
16:(Redirected from
4738:
4698:
4697:
4686:
4685:
4525:Sacred languages
4373:Maya Devi Temple
4336:Mahabodhi Temple
4140:Secular Buddhism
4105:Engaged Buddhism
2945:
2793:Tibetan Buddhism
2744:Vietnamese Thiền
2343:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
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1798:(2nd ed.),
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1108:Sigalovada Sutta
944:Ceremonial dress
905:
831:one-day precepts
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633:
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589:
563:
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341:Ubasok / Ubasika
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277:
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266:ᠤᠪᠠᠰᠢ/ᠤᠪᠠᠰᠢᠨᠵᠠ (
253:
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160:yōupósāi / jushi
151:
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123:ဥပါသကာ / ဥပါသိကာ
111:
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58:
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50:Minor Rock Edict
21:
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4709:
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4626:
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4456:
4193:Ordination hall
4154:
4056:
4027:Buddhist crisis
3939:
3636:
3588:Mahayana sutras
3564:
3560:Thích Nhất Hạnh
3391:
3264:
3204:
3154:Bodhisattva vow
2839:
2705:
2645:
2604:Taṇhā (Craving)
2539:Five hindrances
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954:avadāta-vassana
946:
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743:); generosity (
705:
667:) are from the
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61:Translations of
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4257:Greco-Buddhist
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4208:Burmese pagoda
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3990:Greco-Buddhism
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3550:B. R. Ambedkar
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3149:Eight precepts
3146:
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2920:Five Strengths
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2559:Mental factors
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2411:Mahamoggallāna
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2326:Avalokiteśvara
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1990:External links
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1319:Tachibana 1992
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1030:Mahāmoggallāna
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799:tradition, on
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725:upāsako sīlavā
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683:) who are not
681:Gautama Buddha
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4637:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4462:Miscellaneous
4459:
4453:
4452:Vegetarianism
4450:
4448:
4445:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4274:Buddha in art
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3928:United States
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3485:Padmasambhava
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3397:Major figures
3394:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3343:Western tulku
3341:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3144:Five precepts
3142:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3122:Dhamma vicaya
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2890:Buddhābhiṣeka
2888:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2534:Enlightenment
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:Dhamma theory
2522:
2520:
2519:Buddha-nature
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2358:Samantabhadra
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2006:Gahapativaggo
2003:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1957:. Chipstead:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1921:0-8248-2607-8
1918:
1914:
1911:
1910:Ugraparpṛcchā
1904:
1902:
1901:955-24-0067-8
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1868:(2): 121–42,
1867:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1828:Keown, Damien
1825:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1759:0-521-31333-3
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1726:(1): 153–83,
1725:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1646:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1586:
1580:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1550:on 2012-07-31
1549:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1458:
1452:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1425:
1418:
1413:
1406:
1401:
1395:, p. 13.
1394:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1357:, p. 87.
1356:
1351:
1344:
1339:
1332:
1327:
1321:, p. 65.
1320:
1315:
1309:, p. 22.
1308:
1303:
1297:, p. 88.
1296:
1291:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1237:The Pali is:
1234:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1157:
1151:
1147:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1078:Five Precepts
1076:
1074:
1073:Three Refuges
1071:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:Anathapindika
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1001:
999:
998:
992:
988:
984:
983:
977:
975:
971:
967:
961:
959:
955:
951:
941:
938:
934:
932:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
907:
904:
903:
897:
893:
889:
885:
882:and Japanese
881:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
856:Five Precepts
853:
852:Three Refuges
838:
836:
832:
828:
827:uposatha vows
824:
820:
819:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
777:
776:
774:
770:
769:Five Precepts
766:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
741:
736:
735:
730:
729:Five Precepts
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
641:
636:
634:
629:
627:
622:
621:
619:
618:
611:
608:
606:
604:
598:
595:
592:
590:
588:
582:
579:
576:
574:
570:
566:
564:
562:
556:
549:
546:
543:
539:
535:
532:Lay devotee (
531:
529:
525:
521:
516:modern female
515:
512:
511:dasa sil mata
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
490:
486:
483:
479:
475:
471:
468:
466:
464:
458:
452:
448:
446:
442:
439:
435:
432:
430:
428:
422:
418:
415:
411:
407:
400:
397:
394:
392:
391:
386:
383:
382:
378:
373:
372:
365:
361:
357:
353:
351:
347:
342:
337:
327:
325:
321:
314:
308:
301:
299:
295:
288:
282:
276:
270:
263:
261:
257:
252:
251:ubasae / ubai
247:
240:
236:
231:
229:
225:
220:
208:
198:
196:
192:
187:
182:
172:
170:
166:
161:
156:
146:
144:
140:
135:
130:
120:
118:
114:
107:
100:
98:
94:
87:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
59:
51:
47:
43:
42:Brahmi script
39:
34:
19:
4640:Bodhisattvas
4560:Christianity
4555:Baháʼí Faith
4420:Dharmachakra
4410:Prayer wheel
4400:Prayer beads
4168:Architecture
4047:969 Movement
3831:Saudi Arabia
3809:Central Asia
3802:South Africa
3624:
3607:
3540:Panchen Lama
3445:Buddhapālita
3041:Satipatthana
3036:Mindful Yoga
2949:Recollection
2863:Brahmavihara
2734:Japanese Zen
2729:Chinese Chan
2689:Animal realm
2496:Key concepts
2318:Bodhisattvas
2130:Three Jewels
2023:
2005:
2001:
1974:
1970:
1954:
1935:Curzon Press
1929:
1906:
1888:
1865:
1859:
1832:
1816:
1794:
1767:
1746:
1723:
1717:
1676:
1657:Bibliography
1645:
1633:
1628:
1621:Milindapanha
1616:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1570:
1563:
1552:. Retrieved
1548:the original
1538:
1532:Google Books
1530:, p. 63, at
1525:
1521:
1509:
1489:
1477:
1465:
1436:
1424:
1412:
1400:
1388:
1362:
1350:
1338:
1326:
1314:
1302:
1290:
1259:
1250:
1238:
1233:
1225:
1220:
1196:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1155:
1150:
1050:
1033:
1007:
996:
986:
980:
978:
973:
965:
962:
957:
953:
949:
947:
939:
935:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
908:
894:;
891:
888:Hanyu Pinyin
877:
849:
830:
826:
822:
816:
813:
808:
794:
772:
764:
762:
747:); visiting
744:
738:
732:
724:
716:
713:Jivaka Sutta
712:
706:
660:
652:
651:
533:
519:
494:
473:
395:
388:
214:(masculine)/
37:
4485:Dharma talk
4314:Asalha Puja
4110:Eschatology
3913:Switzerland
3893:New Zealand
3821:Middle East
3730:Philippines
3650:Afghanistan
3455:Bodhidharma
3440:Buddhaghosa
3360:Householder
3270:Monasticism
3223:Bodhisattva
3078:Prostration
3031:Mindfulness
2959:Anapanasati
2942:Kammaṭṭhāna
2739:Korean Seon
2679:Asura realm
2674:Human realm
2614:Ten Fetters
2569:Parinirvana
2471:Uppalavanna
2436:Mahākaccana
2421:Mahākassapa
2353:Kṣitigarbha
2348:Ākāśagarbha
2245:Suddhodāna
2190:Four sights
2117:Foundations
1977:(1): 1–22,
1749:(1st ed.),
1405:Harvey 2013
1393:Watson 1988
1355:Harvey 2000
1333:, Uposatha.
1295:Harvey 2000
1042:Khujjuttarā
737:); virtue (
545:Householder
449:Nun trainee
71:lay devotee
44:), used by
4715:Categories
4602:Psychology
4582:Gnosticism
4570:Comparison
4565:Influences
4547:Comparison
4430:Bhavacakra
4388:Kushinagar
4363:Pilgrimage
4309:Māgha Pūjā
4264:Bodhi Tree
4080:Buddhology
4070:Abhidharma
4062:Philosophy
3995:Menander I
3863:Costa Rica
3814:Uzbekistan
3655:Bangladesh
3609:Dhammapada
3593:Pali Canon
3555:Ajahn Chah
3535:Dalai Lama
3435:Kumārajīva
3430:Vasubandhu
3405:The Buddha
3313:Zen master
3248:Sakadagami
3228:Buddhahood
3159:Pratimokṣa
2974:Shikantaza
2930:Meditation
2905:Deity yoga
2776:Madhyamaka
2669:Deva realm
2564:Mindstream
2514:Bodhicitta
2426:Aṅgulimāla
2293:Devadatta
2269:Yaśodharā
2172:The Buddha
2162:Middle Way
1584:0962561851
1554:2012-12-10
1417:Keyes 1989
1368:"Religions
1345:, Upavāsa.
1331:Keown 2004
1307:Keown 2004
1208:while the
989:, a short
868:Triple Gem
721:Triple Gem
709:Pali Canon
445:Sikkhamānā
377:Pāli Canon
350:Vietnamese
218:(feminine)
4670:Festivals
4650:Buddhists
4612:Theosophy
4415:Symbolism
4405:Hama yumi
4378:Bodh Gaya
4145:Socialism
4120:Evolution
4095:Economics
3933:Venezuela
3848:Australia
3843:Argentina
3767:Sri Lanka
3762:Singapore
3680:Indonesia
3642:Countries
3583:Tripiṭaka
3545:Ajahn Mun
3420:Nagarjuna
3415:Aśvaghoṣa
3298:Anagārika
3293:Śrāmaṇerī
3288:Śrāmaṇera
3283:Bhikkhunī
3243:Sotāpanna
3132:Passaddhi
3073:Offerings
3048:Nekkhamma
2925:Iddhipada
2845:Practices
2815:Theravada
2788:Vajrayana
2781:Yogachara
2751:Pure Land
2664:Six Paths
2651:Cosmology
2431:Anuruddha
2406:Sāriputta
2396:Kaundinya
2388:Disciples
2363:Vajrapāṇi
2215:Footprint
2180:Tathāgata
1891:. Kandy:
1882:145572706
1129:Anagarika
1053:Vajrayana
1026:Sāriputta
972:called a
864:full-moon
797:Theravada
773:pañcasīla
771:" (Pāli:
657:masculine
507:thilashin
427:Bhikkhuṇī
260:Mongolian
36:The word
4688:Category
4617:Violence
4587:Hinduism
4535:Sanskrit
4490:Hinayana
4475:Amitābha
4435:Swastika
4304:Uposatha
4294:Holidays
4279:Calendar
4125:Humanism
3963:Kanishka
3953:Timeline
3777:Thailand
3745:Kalmykia
3740:Buryatia
3725:Pakistan
3710:Mongolia
3705:Maldives
3700:Malaysia
3665:Cambodia
3530:Shamarpa
3525:Nichiren
3475:Xuanzang
3410:Nagasena
3328:Rinpoche
3058:Pāramitā
2900:Devotion
2820:Navayana
2808:Dzogchen
2771:Nichiren
2719:Mahayana
2711:Branches
2589:Saṅkhāra
2338:Mañjuśrī
2295:(cousin)
2287:(cousin)
2255:(mother)
2247:(father)
2235:Miracles
2185:Birthday
2102:Glossary
2075:Buddhism
1983:44361818
1830:(2004),
1740:41035731
1699:archived
1674:(2013),
1634:uposatha
1498:Archived
1451:cite web
1380:Archived
1212:is from
1067:See also
1022:Hatthaka
991:surplice
958:uposatha
950:upāsakas
931:skandhas
896:Japanese
854:and the
823:uposatha
801:Uposatha
765:upāsakas
759:Precepts
677:Buddhism
669:Sanskrit
665:feminine
603:Nigaṇṭha
587:Brāhmaṇa
567:Wanderer
463:Samaṇērī
457:Samaṇera
313:genyenma
275:ubasinja
216:ŭbasĕka
169:Japanese
77:Sanskrit
4665:Temples
4645:Buddhas
4607:Science
4597:Judaism
4592:Jainism
4510:Lineage
4470:Abhijñā
4440:Thangka
4383:Sarnath
4368:Lumbini
4289:Funeral
4284:Cuisine
4160:Culture
4135:Reality
4085:Creator
4075:Atomism
3945:History
3918:Ukraine
3878:Germany
3797:Senegal
3787:Vietnam
3715:Myanmar
3515:Shinran
3505:Karmapa
3480:Shandao
3450:Dignāga
3375:Śrāvaka
3355:Donchee
3350:Kappiya
3308:Sayadaw
3278:Bhikkhu
3253:Anāgāmi
3210:Nirvana
3176:Samadhi
3063:Paritta
3004:Tonglen
2999:Mandala
2954:Smarana
2935:Mantras
2883:Upekkha
2853:Bhavana
2803:Shingon
2756:Tiantai
2609:Tathātā
2599:Śūnyatā
2594:Skandha
2584:Saṃsāra
2579:Rebirth
2554:Kleshas
2544:Indriya
2446:Subhūti
2331:Guanyin
2285:Ānanda
2277:Rāhula
2157:Nirvana
2097:Outline
2002:undated
1719:Sojourn
1173:upāsikā
1169:upāsaka
1156:upāsikā
1123:Sravaka
1051:In the
1046:Visakha
1008:In the
995:temple
966:haiqing
892:shòujiè
795:In the
717:upāsako
707:In the
661:Upāsikā
653:Upāsaka
594:Brahmin
578:Ascetic
573:Ājīvika
421:Bhikkhu
396:English
298:Tibetan
287:genenma
212:ŭbasâk
143:Chinese
117:Burmese
106:upāsaka
103:उपासक (
86:upāsaka
83:उपासक (
68:English
63:Upāsaka
48:in his
38:Upāsaka
18:Upasika
4660:Sutras
4655:Suttas
4520:Siddhi
4505:Koliya
4480:Brahmā
4395:Poetry
4341:Mantra
4331:Kasaya
4203:Pagoda
4183:Kyaung
4178:Vihāra
4173:Temple
4115:Ethics
3958:Ashoka
3908:Sweden
3903:Poland
3898:Norway
3888:Mexico
3873:France
3858:Canada
3853:Brazil
3792:Africa
3772:Taiwan
3735:Russia
3660:Bhutan
3620:Vinaya
3500:Naropa
3490:Saraha
3425:Asanga
3181:Prajñā
3090:Refuge
3053:Nianfo
3014:Tertön
3009:Tantra
2994:Ganana
2984:Tukdam
2910:Dhyāna
2878:Mudita
2873:Karuṇā
2766:Risshū
2761:Huayan
2694:Naraka
2634:Anattā
2629:Dukkha
2624:Anicca
2529:Dharma
2481:Channa
2416:Ānanda
2401:Assaji
2368:Skanda
2271:(wife)
2240:Family
2220:Relics
2145:Sangha
2140:Dharma
2135:Buddha
1981:
1941:
1919:
1899:
1880:
1844:
1806:
1782:
1757:
1738:
1691:
1581:
1171:(fem.
1135:Ngagpa
1057:arhats
987:wagesa
982:rakusu
970:kasaya
860:Cetiya
818:sāmaṇa
753:Dhamma
734:saddhā
693:novice
561:Samaṇa
534:m., f.
503:Maechi
495:m., f.
474:m., f.
470:Novice
404:Sangha
307:genyen
228:Korean
207:UNGEGN
181:Rōmaji
155:Pinyin
46:Ashoka
4632:Lists
4500:Kalpa
4495:Iddhi
4358:Music
4353:Mudra
4319:Vassa
4299:Vesak
4269:Budai
4215:Candi
4198:Stupa
4130:Logic
3883:Italy
3782:Tibet
3720:Nepal
3690:Korea
3685:Japan
3675:India
3670:China
3615:Sutra
3570:Texts
3520:Dōgen
3510:Hōnen
3495:Atiśa
3460:Zhiyi
3370:Achar
3338:Tulku
3333:Geshe
3318:Rōshi
3303:Ajahn
3258:Arhat
3218:Bodhi
3188:Vīrya
3105:Sacca
3100:Satya
3095:Sādhu
3083:Music
3026:Merit
3019:Terma
2979:Zazen
2915:Faith
2868:Mettā
2549:Karma
2509:Bardo
2476:Asita
2466:Khema
2456:Upāli
2441:Nanda
2279:(son)
2253:Māyā
2230:Films
2107:Index
1979:JSTOR
1878:S2CID
1772:(PDF)
1736:JSTOR
1702:(PDF)
1681:(PDF)
1575:(PDF)
1142:Notes
1104:8.54)
1094:2.14)
1018:Citta
974:manyi
960:day.
902:jukai
880:Ch'an
749:monks
691:, or
685:monks
659:) or
482:Laity
281:genen
269:ubaşi
195:Khmer
129:MLCTS
4530:Pāḷi
4515:Māra
4425:Flag
3826:Iran
3750:Tuva
3695:Laos
3323:Lama
3171:Śīla
3139:Śīla
3127:Pīti
3117:Sati
3068:Puja
2989:Koan
2895:Dāna
2486:Yasa
2373:Tārā
1939:ISBN
1917:ISBN
1897:ISBN
1842:ISBN
1804:ISBN
1780:ISBN
1755:ISBN
1689:ISBN
1579:ISBN
1457:link
1210:Pali
1028:and
1020:and
745:cāga
740:sīla
689:nuns
673:Pāli
671:and
434:Monk
390:Pali
336:RTGS
324:Thai
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4252:Art
4188:Wat
2724:Zen
2004:).
1870:doi
1728:doi
1376:BBC
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997:mon
884:Zen
829:or
775:):
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438:Nun
239:우바이
235:우바새
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