Khmer language - Knowledge

829: 9313: 9295: 1280: 1070:, formerly controlled by the Khmer Empire but part of Vietnam since 1698. Khmers are persecuted by the Vietnamese government for using their native language and, since the 1950s, have been forced to take Vietnamese names. Consequently, very little research has been published regarding this dialect. It has been generally influenced by Vietnamese for three centuries and accordingly displays a pronounced accent, tendency toward monosyllabic words and lexical differences from Standard Khmer. 9039: 9219: 9233: 1860: 266: 11403: 1121: 292: 445: 305: 3756:, on the other hand, identifies "a couple dozen" parts of speech in Khmer with the caveat that Khmer words have the freedom to perform a variety of syntactic functions depending on such factors as word order, relevant particles, location within a clause, intonation and context. Some of the more important lexical categories and their function are demonstrated in the following example sentence taken from a hospital brochure: 465: 70: 1102:. Following the decline of Angkor, the Khmer abandoned their northern territories, which the Lao then settled. In the 17th century, Chey Chetha XI led a Khmer force into Stung Treng to retake the area. The Khmer Khe living in this area of Stung Treng in modern times are presumed to be the descendants of this group. Their dialect is thought to resemble that of pre-modern Siem Reap. 915: 1243:, resisted the French and Thai influences on their language. Forming the government sponsored Cultural Committee to define and standardize the modern language, they championed Khmerization, purging of foreign elements, reviving affixation, and the use of Old Khmer roots and historical Pali and Sanskrit to coin new words for modern ideas. Opponents, led by 1236:-speaking aristocracy. This led to French becoming the language of higher education and the intellectual class. By 1907, the French had wrested over half of modern-day Cambodia, including the north and northwest where Thai had been the prestige language, back from Thai control and reintegrated it into the country. 8578:

in which the speaker must always be conscious of the social status of the person spoken to. The different registers, which include those used for common speech, polite speech, speaking to or about royals and speaking to or about monks, employ alternate verbs, names of body parts and pronouns. As an

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on every second syllable from the end. Thus in a three-syllable word, the first syllable has secondary stress; in a four-syllable word, the second syllable has secondary stress; in a five-syllable word, the first and third syllables have secondary stress, and so on. Long polysyllables are not often

1855:

Various authors have proposed slightly different analyses of the Khmer vowel system. This may be in part because of the wide degree of variation in pronunciation between individual speakers, even within a dialectal region. The description below follows Huffman (1970). The number of vowel nuclei and

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can be inserted between the stop and the aspiration; for example ('big') becomes ('size') with a nominalizing infix. When one of these plosives occurs initially before another consonant, aspiration is no longer contrastive and can be regarded as mere phonetic detail: slight aspiration is expected

956:

in Khmer) refers to the dialects spoken by many in several border provinces of present-day northeast Thailand. After the fall of the Khmer Empire in the early 15th century, the Dongrek Mountains served as a natural border leaving the Khmer north of the mountains under the sphere of influence of the

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Consonant symbols in Khmer are divided into two groups, or series. The first series carries the inherent vowel while the second series carries the inherent vowel . The Khmer names of the series, ('voiceless') and ('voiced'), respectively, indicate that the second series consonants were used to

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Koeus later joined the Cultural Committee and supported Nath. Nath's views and prolific work won out and he is credited with cultivating modern Khmer-language identity and culture, overseeing the translation of the entire Pali Buddhist canon into Khmer. He also created the modern Khmer language

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particles. Three of the more common particles used to create nouns are , , and . These particles are prefixed most often to verbs to form abstract nouns. The latter, derived from Sanskrit, also occurs as a suffix in fixed forms borrowed from Sanskrit and Pali such as ("health") from ("to be

2527:

The independent vowels are the vowels that can exist without a preceding or trailing consonant. The independent vowels may be used as monosyllabic words, or as the initial syllables in longer words. Khmer words never begin with regular vowels; they can, however, begin with independent vowels.

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are present without any grammatical markers, the preferred order is SV(DO)(IO). In such a case, if the direct object phrase contains multiple components, the indirect object immediately follows the noun of the direct object phrase and the direct object's modifiers follow the indirect object:

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of syllables, which speakers from other regions consider a "relaxed" pronunciation. For instance, "Phnom Penh" is sometimes shortened to "m'Penh". Another characteristic of Phnom Penh speech is observed in words with an "r" either as an initial consonant or as the second member of a

1131:

study of the Khmer language divides its history into four periods one of which, the Old Khmer period, is subdivided into pre-Angkorian and Angkorian. Pre-Angkorian Khmer is the Old Khmer language from 600 CE through 800. Angkorian Khmer is the language as it was spoken in the

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Mônŭss teăng ás kaeut môk méan sériphéap nĭng phéap smaeu-smaeu knéa knŏng sĕtthĭ, nĭng séchâkdei thlaithnor. Mônŭss krôb rub sŏtth tê méan vĭcharônânhnhéan nĭng sâtĕsâmbâchônhnheă, haeuy trov brâprœ̆tt châmpŏăh knéa tŏu vĭnh tŏu môk knŏng smarôtei roăp an knéa chéa bâng

919: 917: 7576:. Word order in clauses is the same for that of the basic sentences described above. Coordinate clauses do not necessarily have to be marked; they can simply follow one another. When explicitly marked, they are joined by words similar to English conjunctions such as 922: 921: 916: 923: 4300:(independent words) of similar meaning to form a compound signifying a concept more general than either word alone. Coordinate compounds join either two nouns or two verbs. Repetitive compounds, one of the most productive derivational features of Khmer, use 9148: 3524:

Words with three or more syllables, if they are not compounds, are mostly loanwords, usually derived from Pali, Sanskrit, or more recently, French. They are nonetheless adapted to Khmer stress patterns. Primary stress falls on the final syllable, with

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is the rules and processes that describe how sentences are formed in a particular language, how words relate to each other within clauses or phrases and how those phrases relate to each other within a sentence to convey meaning. Khmer syntax is very

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of India before the 7th century when the first known inscription appeared. Written left-to-right with vowel signs that can be placed after, before, above or below the consonant they follow, the Khmer script is similar in appearance and usage to

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of an entire word to derive words whose meaning depends on the class of the reduplicated word. A repetitive compound of a noun indicates plurality or generality while that of an adjectival verb could mean either an intensification or plurality.

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follow the noun they modify. Adverbs likewise follow the verb. Morphologically, adjectives and adverbs are not distinguished, with many words often serving either function. Adjectives are also employed as verbs as Khmer sentences rarely use a

3464:(unstressed syllable preceding the main syllable of a word) has a structure of CV-, CrV-, CVN- or CrVN- (where C is a consonant, V a vowel, and N a nasal consonant). The vowels in such syllables are usually short; in conversation they may be 634:, the dialect of the central plain where the Khmer are most heavily concentrated. Within Cambodia, regional accents exist in remote areas but these are regarded as varieties of Central Khmer. Two exceptions are the speech of the capital, 920: 9202:/mɔnuhtĕaŋɑhkaət̚mɔːk̚miənseːrəjpʰiəp̚nɨŋpʰiəp̚smaəsmaəkniəknoŋsət̚nɨŋseːc̚k̚ɗəjtʰlajtʰnou.mɔnuhkrup̚ruːp̚sot̚taemiənvicaːranaɲiənnɨŋsatəsampacŏəɲɲeaʔhaəjtrouʋprɑprɨtcɑmpŭəhkniətɨwʋɨɲtɨwmɔːk̚knoŋsmaːrɔːɗəjrŏəp̚ʔaːnkniəciəɓɑːŋpʔoun/ 6515:

Khmer verbs are completely uninflected, and once a subject or topic has been introduced or is clear from context the noun phrase may be dropped. Thus, the simplest possible sentence in Khmer consists of a single verb. For example,

7769:

system: the numbers from 6 to 9 have the form "five one", "five two", etc. The words for multiples of ten from 30 to 90 are not related to the basic Khmer numbers, but are Chinese in origin, and probably came to Khmer via Thai.

5461:. Relationships between words and phrases are signified primarily by word order supplemented with auxiliary verbs and, particularly in formal and literary registers, grammatical marking particles. Grammatical phenomena such as 9074:

represent the voiced phonemes of Old Khmer. As the voicing of stops was lost, however, the contrast shifted to the phonation of the attached vowels, which, in turn, evolved into a simple difference of vowel quality, often by

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marked attributes in Old Khmer noun phrases and is used in formal and literary language to signify that what precedes is the noun and what follows is the attribute. Modern usage may carry the connotation of mild intensity.

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Possession is colloquially expressed by word order. The possessor is placed after the thing that is possessed. Alternatively, in more complex sentences or when emphasis is required, a possessive construction using the word

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are a class of words that serve to index the social status of the referent. Honorifics can be kinship terms or personal names, both of which are often used as first and second person pronouns, or specialized words such as

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Adjectival verbs are a word class that has no equivalent in English. When modifying a noun or verb, they function as adjectives or adverbs, respectively, but they may also be used as main verbs equivalent to English "be +

4100:, but this is a remnant of Old Khmer and not always productive in the modern language. Khmer morphology is evidence of a historical process through which the language was, at some point in the past, changed from being an 1151:. The language of this transition period, from about the 14th to 18th centuries, is referred to as Middle Khmer and saw borrowings from Thai in the literary register. Modern Khmer is dated from the 19th century to today. 4593:, for example, and are often dropped in colloquial speech. Khmer nouns are divided into two groups: mass nouns, which take classifiers; and specific, nouns, which do not. The overwhelming majority are mass nouns. 1228:. Thailand, which had for centuries claimed suzerainty over Cambodia and controlled succession to the Cambodian throne, began losing its influence on the language. In 1887 Cambodia was fully integrated into 3539:, the name of a kind of cookie (literally 'bird's nest'), is pronounced , with secondary stress on the second rather than the first syllable, because it is composed of the words ('nest') and ('bird'). 805:, has been studied since 1856 and was first proposed as a language family in 1907. Despite the amount of research, there is still doubt about the internal relationship of the languages of Austroasiatic. 9870: 840:, where it is the official language. It is also a second language for most of the minority groups and indigenous hill tribes there. Additionally there are a million speakers of Khmer native to southern 10193: 9078:. This process has resulted in the Khmer alphabet having two symbols for most consonant phonemes and each vowel symbol having two possible readings, depending on the series of the initial consonant: 9172:មនុស្សទាំងអស់កើតមកមានសេរីភាពនិងភាពស្មើៗគ្នាក្នុងសិទ្ធិ និងសេចក្ដីថ្លៃថ្នូរ ។ មនុស្សគ្រប់រូបសុទ្ធតែមានវិចារណញ្ញាណនិងសតិសម្បជញ្ញៈ ហើយត្រូវប្រព្រឹត្ដចំពោះគ្នាទៅវិញទៅមកក្នុងស្មារតីរាប់អានគ្នាជាបងប្អូន ។ 984:, which has become silent in other dialects of Khmer, is still pronounced in Northern Khmer. Some linguists classify Northern Khmer as a separate but closely related language rather than a dialect. 820:. More recent classifications doubt the validity of the Mon-Khmer sub-grouping and place the Khmer language as its own branch of Austroasiatic equidistant from the other 12 branches of the family. 3738:(modifiers follow the words they modify). Some grammatical processes are still not fully understood by western scholars. For example, it is not clear if certain features of Khmer grammar, such as 9149: 10952:

Jacob, Judith. (1966). 'Some features of Khmer versification', in C. E. Bazell, J. C. Catford, M. A. K. Halliday, and R. H. Robins, eds., In Memory of J. R Firth, 227–41. London: Longman.

7493:("to hit", "to be correct", "to affect") as an auxiliary verb meaning "to be subject to" or "to undergo"—which results in sentences that are translated to English using the passive voice. 5480:

A complete Khmer sentence consists of four basic elements—an optional topic, an optional subject, an obligatory predicate, and various adverbials and particles. The topic and subject are

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language, instead preferring predicative adjectives (and even predicative nouns) unless using a copula for emphasis or to avoid ambiguity in more complex sentences. Basic word order is

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This alters the quality of any preceding consonant, causing a harder, more emphasized pronunciation. Another unique result is that the syllable is spoken with a low-rising or "dipping"

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and can be divided into two types, main verbs and auxiliary verbs. Huffman defined a Khmer verb as "any word that can be (negated)", and further divided main verbs into three classes.

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If the noun phrase contains a possessive adjective, it follows the noun and precedes the numeral. If a descriptive attribute co-occurs with a possessive, the possessive construction (

918: 1048:('fish') as : the is dropped and the vowel begins by dipping much lower in tone than standard speech and then rises, effectively doubling its length. Another example is the word 969:

furthered their political and economic isolation from Cambodia proper, leading to a dialect that developed relatively independently from the midpoint of the Middle Khmer period.

3742:, should be treated as a morphological process or a purely syntactic device, and some derivational morphology seems "purely decorative" and performs no known syntactic work. 767:, since at least the 7th century. The script's form and use has evolved over the centuries; its modern features include subscripted versions of consonants used to write 10022: 3752:, an early scholar of Khmer, claimed the language had no parts of speech, while a later scholar, Judith Jacob, posited four parts of speech and innumerable particles. 793:

language family, the autochthonous family in an area that stretches from the Malay Peninsula through Southeast Asia to East India. Austroasiatic, which also includes

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if they do not immediately follow the head noun. Khmer subordinate conjunctions always precede a subordinate clause. Subordinate conjunctions include words such as

4716:, so kinship terms, nicknames and proper names are often used instead of pronouns (including for the first person) among intimates. Subject pronouns are frequently 4708:

are subject to a complicated system of social register, the choice of pronoun depending on the perceived relationships between speaker, audience and referent (see

1247:, who embraced "total Khmerization" by denouncing the reversion to classical languages and favoring the use of contemporary colloquial Khmer for neologisms, and 9859: 1856:

their values vary between dialects; differences exist even between the Standard Khmer system and that of the Battambang dialect on which the standard is based.

7603:("that") but, similar to coordinate clauses, often simply follow the main clause. For example, both phrases below can mean "the hospital bed that has wheels". 10200: 720:

structure is common, and the perceived social relation between participants determines which sets of vocabulary, such as pronouns and honorifics, are proper.

13011: 3619:, questions and exclamations. The available grammatical means of making such distinctions are not always used, or may be ambiguous; for example, the final 3503:(i.e. as having one-and-a-half syllables). There are also some disyllabic words in which the first syllable does not behave as a minor syllable, but takes 9467:

Diffloth, Gérard (2005). "The contribution of linguistic palaeontology and Austroasiatic". in Laurent Sagart, Roger Blench and Alicia Sanchez-Mazas, eds.

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can also mean "Go!". Various words and particles may be added to the verb to soften the command to varying degrees, including to the point of politeness (

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particles, numerals, or reduplication of a following adjective, which, although similar to intensification, is usually not ambiguous due to context.

1773:(as vs. , etc.); this difference is contrastive before a vowel. However, the aspirated sounds in that position may be analyzed as sequences of two 14450: 11033:. Manoa, Hawai'i: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, School of Hawaiian, Asian and Pacific Studies, University of Hawai'i at Manoa. OCLC: 56840636 13136: 11391: 11182: 10914: 10104: 3445:, which is a single consonant. If the syllable is stressed and the vowel is short, there must be a final consonant. All consonant sounds except 14480: 11968: 11157:

NOUN:noun VERB:verb OBJ:object OM:object marker MARKER:marker REL:relative COHORT:cohortative DIR:directional COMPL:complement RESP:respectful

9603: 9544: 8603:. Another result is that the pronominal system is complex and full of honorific variations, just a few of which are shown in the table below. 6520:'to go' on its own can mean "I'm going.", "He went.", "They've gone.", "Let's go.", etc. This also results in long strings of verbs such as: 4296:

in Khmer is a common derivational process that takes two forms, coordinate compounds and repetitive compounds. Coordinate compounds join two

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and many of these have survived in Modern Khmer but are used sparingly, mostly in literary or formal language. Khmer makes extensive use of

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The principal number words are listed in the following table, which gives Western and Khmer digits, Khmer spelling and IPA transcription.

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The intonation pattern of a typical Khmer declarative phrase is a steady rise throughout followed by an abrupt drop on the last syllable.

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to , although in careful or formal speech, including on television and radio, they are clearly articulated. An example of such a word is

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at the end of the sentence or clause. In colloquial speech, verbs can also be negated without the need for a final particle, by placing

11129: 9748: 13016: 11140: 10781: 10697: 13028: 10780:. Canberra, ACT: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University: 139–149–6. 1402: 10626: 10301: 4108:

and cannot be used productively to form new words. Below are some of the most common affixes with examples as given by Huffman.

4062:

you you provide blood every all must {have to} receive {} {} examine shape body and provide {} history health be before be first

9404: 7778:, which like Khmer numerals were inherited from Indian, but first passed through the Arabic numerals before reaching the west. 11369: 10007: 12607: 10609: 9955: 9816: 9586: 9378: 9158: 6983:

Different senses of future action can also be expressed by the use of adverbs like "tomorrow" or by the future tense marker

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Outside of Cambodia, three distinct dialects are spoken by ethnic Khmers native to areas that were historically part of the

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An English-spoken Khmer dictionary: with romanized writing system, usage, and idioms, and notes on Khmer speech and grammar

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Exclamatory phrases follow the typical steadily rising pattern, but rise sharply on the last syllable instead of falling.

11384: 11175: 4059:/loːk nĕəʔ pʰɗɑl cʰiəm teaŋ ʔɑh trəw tae tɔtuəl nəw kaː pinɨt riəŋ kaːj nɨŋ pʰɗɑl nəw prɑʋɔət sokʰapʰiəp ciə mun ciə sən/ 1739: 1711: 1415:

The phonological system described here is the inventory of sounds of the standard spoken language, represented using the

482: 11124: 11961: 10836: 10727: 10578: 10543: 10284: 9987: 3592:, the colloquial Phnom Penh dialect has developed a tonal contrast (level versus peaking tone) as a by-product of the 747:

on the final syllable, hence many words conform to the typical Mon–Khmer pattern of a stressed syllable preceded by a

11076: 11062: 11048: 11024: 11010: 10996: 10978: 10964: 10947: 10933: 10905: 10683: 10394: 9724: 9711: 9489: 661:

and is treated by some linguists as a separate language. Khmer Krom, or Southern Khmer, is the first language of the

523: 478: 4068:'All blood donors must pass a physical examination and provide a health history first (before they can give blood).' 1217:

Just as modern Khmer was emerging from the transitional period represented by Middle Khmer, Cambodia fell under the

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of two, or rarely three, consonants. The only possible clusters of three consonants at the start of a syllable are

938:, the language as taught in Cambodian schools and used by the media, is based on the dialect spoken throughout the 11145: 3495:

Most Khmer words consist of either one or two syllables. In most native disyllabic words, the first syllable is a

1992: 1983: 1416: 1218: 3647:

Other intonation contours signify a different type of phrase such as the "full doubt" interrogative, similar to

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in English. Full doubt interrogatives remain fairly even in tone throughout, but rise sharply towards the end.

2053: 2044: 1733: 10008:"The Establishment of the National Language in Twentieth-Century Cambodia: Debates on Orthography and Coinage" 980:, lexical differences, and phonemic differences in both vowels and distribution of consonants. Syllable-final 14475: 13390: 12709: 12037: 11954: 10716:

Principles and Prediction: The analysis of natural language. Papers in honor of Gerald Sanders (Volume 98 of

10389:. Bureau of Special Research in Modern Languages. The Catholic University of America Press. Washington, D.C. 4862:" (A is the most X). Intensity is also expressed syntactically, similar to other languages of the region, by 1949: 1940: 435: 347: 20: 9669:"Essai de phonétique historique du khmer (du milieu du premier millénaire de notre ère à l'époque actuelle)" 8462:

Intermediate numbers are formed by compounding the above elements. Powers of ten are denoted by loan words:

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This ordering of objects can be changed and the meaning clarified with the inclusion of particles. The word

855:, although mutually intelligible, are sometimes quite marked. Notable variations are found in speakers from 366: 14460: 14365: 14020: 13981: 13023: 12866: 12032: 10806:

Jacob, Judith M (1965). "Notes on the numerals and numeral coefficients on Old, Middle, and Modern Khmer".

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In more formal contexts and in polite speech, questions are also marked at their beginning by the particle

2028: 2019: 1638: 1395: 939: 646:, both of which differ sufficiently enough from Central Khmer to be considered separate dialects of Khmer. 10143:"An Examination of the Vowels and final Consonants in Correspondences between pre-Angkor and modern Khmer" 9201: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8580: 8563: 8543: 8529: 8515: 8501: 8487: 8473: 8447: 8418: 8387: 8358: 8327: 8298: 8267: 8238: 8234: 8203: 8174: 8143: 8114: 8083: 8054: 8023: 7994: 7963: 7959: 7930: 7889: 7848: 7748: 7744: 7740: 7736: 7600: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7581: 7577: 7490: 7425: 7269: 7192: 7184: 7047: 6984: 6908: 6771: 6762: 6753: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6517: 6454: 6008: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5753: 5679: 5042: 4859: 4855: 4842: 4838: 4623: 3628: 3597: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3450: 3446: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3401: 3393: 3387: 3373: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3339: 3333: 3328: 3310: 3304: 3298: 3292: 3282: 3276: 3268: 3260: 3254: 3248: 3239: 3223: 3186: 3170: 3164: 3154: 3148: 3140: 3134: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3084: 3079: 3063: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3009: 3003: 2995: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2966: 2950: 2944: 2936: 2930: 2922: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2888: 2880: 2874: 2869: 2853: 2847: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2783: 2777: 2772: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2704: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2680: 2671: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2519: 2509: 2499: 2489: 2479: 2469: 2459: 2449: 2439: 2429: 2419: 2409: 2399: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2304: 2297: 2290: 2278: 2271: 2264: 2252: 2245: 2238: 2226: 2219: 2212: 2200: 2196: 2189: 2182: 2167: 2158: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1778: 1766: 981: 14455: 11353: 8575: 6907:

Past tense can be conveyed by adverbs, such as "yesterday" or by the use of perfective particles such as

4297: 3717: 2068: 1931: 1922: 1660: 1648: 992:, also called Cardamom Khmer or Chanthaburi Khmer, is spoken by a very small, isolated population in the 701: 608: 321: 875:

running roughly north to south. Standard Cambodian Khmer is mutually intelligible with the others but a

12507: 11435: 4082: 2095: 2086: 1750: 1531: 1515: 10097: 2327:) coda because they cannot be followed by a final consonant. These include: (with short monophthongs) 712:

appear after numbers when used to count nouns, though not always so consistently as in languages like

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Alternatively, the indirect object could precede the direct object if the object-marking preposition

3581:). These processes explain the origin of what are now called a-series and o-series consonants in the 2113: 2104: 1610: 1595: 1547: 1010:

is spoken in the capital and surrounding areas. This dialect is characterized by merging or complete

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Olivier, Bernon de (1988). Cholticha, Bamroongraks; Wilaiwan, Khanittanan; Laddawan, Permch (eds.).

9552: 9312: 9294: 7824: 7803: 538: 14372: 13305: 11710: 10714:

Moravcsik, Edith M. (1993). "Why is Syntax Complicated". In Mushira, Eid; Iverson, Gregory (eds.).

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in Khmer falls on the final syllable of a word. Because of this predictable pattern, stress is non-

1967: 1958: 1140: 879:

speaker from Vietnam, for instance, may have great difficulty communicating with a Khmer native of

709: 429: 10893:(Du milieu du premier millénaire de notre ère à l'époque actuelle)", Mon–Khmer Studies XXI: 57–89) 9898: 9066:, both of which were based on the Khmer system. The Khmer script is also distantly related to the 14445: 13596: 12623: 12487: 12010: 11828: 11555: 11308: 11224: 10142: 9668: 7277: 7260:

There are three basic types of questions in Khmer. Questions requesting specific information use

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PN PN VERB NOUN PTCL ADJ AUX INT VERB OM NMLZ VERB NOUN NOUN CNJ VERB OM NOUN ADJ COP ADV COP ADV

1616: 1601: 1563: 1388: 1255:

dictionary that is still in use today, helping preserve Khmer during the French colonial period.

790: 784: 183: 11092:—An online audio dictionary for learning Khmer, with thousands of native speaker recordings and 10412: 10128: 9918:"The deliberate use of foreign vocabulary by the Khmer: changing fashions, methods, and sources" 9917: 7276:

are indicated with various particles and rising inflection. The SVO word order is generally not

6578:; it is used to convey identity with nominal predicates. For locative predicates, the copula is 4626:, "property, object") may be employed. In formal and literary contexts, the possessive particle 14379: 14313: 13326: 13300: 12576: 12462: 12339: 12258: 11935: 11743: 11659: 11594: 11502: 11471: 11399: 9067: 5049:) and adverbs (such as "yesterday", "earlier", "tomorrow"), or may be understood from context. 4293: 4101: 3701: 3620: 3508: 3454: 1770: 1340: 1225: 1172: 946: 886:

The following is a classification scheme showing the development of the modern Khmer dialects.

654: 553: 398: 204: 12427: 10778:

SEALS XIII Papers from the 13th Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 2003

10342: 9455: 1054:('study'), which is pronounced , with the uvular "r" and the same intonation described above. 14422: 14386: 14318: 11882: 11813: 11601: 11407: 11191: 9261: 6574:

Khmer uses three verbs for what translates into English as the copula. The general copula is

4814: 4717: 3721: 3558: 1685: 1474: 1465: 689: 612: 13035: 12213: 9737: 5682:, which normally means "to arrive" or "towards", can be used as a preposition meaning "to": 1000:. Although little studied, this variety is unique in that it maintains a definite system of 14393: 13948: 13543: 12352: 12301: 11977: 11756: 11720: 4825: 4819: 3616: 3561:). The distinction arose historically when vowels after Old Khmer voiced consonants became 3485: 1483: 1319: 1099: 1001: 744: 697: 643: 10762: 700:

and auxiliary words are used to indicate grammatical relationships. General word order is

8: 14195: 13462: 13006: 12841: 12831: 12571: 12482: 11991: 11649: 11292: 11267: 10694: 7489:

Khmer does not have a passive voice, but there is a construction utilizing the main verb

7265: 7046:

are often unmarked. For example, in addition to the meanings given above, the "sentence"

5033: 3648: 2556:

etc.). All the clusters are shown in the following table, phonetically, i.e. superscript

1802: 1569: 1553: 1537: 1521: 1039: 860: 828: 809: 798: 736: 585: 136: 12477: 12457: 11528: 14181: 14074: 13609: 13581: 13363: 13040: 12669: 12636: 12447: 12218: 12019: 11930: 11823: 11818: 11573: 11486: 11242: 7573: 5500:

When combining these noun and verb phrases into a sentence the order is typically SVO:

5474: 5466: 5029: 4590: 4486: 4482: 4078: 3434: 1821: 1492: 1437: 1095: 1074: 1035: 993: 868: 813: 681: 666: 658: 12467: 12329: 12072: 11476: 9791: 9622: 420: 413: 14323: 14279: 14269: 14190: 14114: 13989: 13921: 13515: 13427: 13229: 13224: 12928: 12553: 12394: 12234: 12203: 12140: 11905: 11766: 11672: 11629: 11455: 11072: 11058: 11044: 11020: 11006: 10992: 10974: 10960: 10943: 10929: 10901: 10819: 10723: 10679: 10641: 10605: 10574: 10539: 10390: 10385:

Headley, Robert K.; Chhor, Kylin; Lim, Lam Kheng; Kheang, Lim Hak; Chun, Chen. 1977.

10316: 10280: 9983: 9976: 9951: 9812: 9720: 9582: 9485: 9374: 7565: 5829: 5458: 5160: 5046: 5025: 4713: 4490: 3689: 2541: 2010: 2001: 1702: 1452: 1442: 1350: 1016: 972:

This has resulted in a distinct accent influenced by the surrounding tonal languages

966: 872: 768: 677: 565: 561: 14139: 13614: 12244: 11114: 10069:

Jacob, JM (2002). "The Structure of the Word in Old Khmer". In VI Braginskiĭ (ed.).

9480:

Shorto, Harry L. edited by Sidwell, Paul, Cooper, Doug and Bauer, Christian (2006).

9399: 8579:

example, the word for "to eat" used between intimates or in reference to animals is

2315:

In addition, some diphthongs and triphthongs are analyzed as a vowel nucleus plus a

14222: 14200: 14171: 14124: 14060: 14048: 14025: 13999: 13994: 13971: 13801: 13785: 13775: 13765: 13665: 13533: 13493: 13432: 13402: 13257: 13164: 13115: 12988: 12889: 12800: 12795: 12755: 12735: 12533: 12528: 12512: 12452: 12319: 12314: 12168: 12117: 12102: 11900: 11892: 11877: 11872: 11862: 11854: 11733: 11644: 11634: 11358: 11287: 10815: 9618: 9256: 9238: 7775: 5489: 3745: 3557:

distinction in its vowels, but this now survives only in the most archaic dialect (

3526: 3504: 1805:

by most speakers, but this feature is weak in educated speech, where they become .

1676: 1670: 1432: 1229: 997: 880: 817: 724: 713: 693: 624: 573: 500: 118: 11518: 9792:

Phonetic variation of final trill and final palatals in Khmer dialects of Thailand

9469:

The Peopling of East Asia: Putting Together Archaeology, Linguistics and Genetics.

1154:

The following table shows the conventionally accepted historical stages of Khmer.

14256: 14155: 14150: 14104: 14099: 14094: 14089: 13966: 13837: 13755: 13750: 13692: 13619: 13586: 13342: 13310: 13234: 13198: 13105: 12965: 12826: 12760: 12745: 12699: 12694: 12689: 12684: 12664: 12659: 12548: 12543: 12432: 12402: 12384: 12379: 12360: 12324: 12291: 12208: 12107: 12092: 12087: 12082: 12062: 12042: 11910: 11776: 11705: 11619: 11609: 11583: 11277: 11272: 10918: 10701: 10533: 9715: 9408: 9368: 9224: 7569: 7043: 5583: 5063: 3739: 3705: 3465: 1977: 1459: 1447: 1294: 1233: 175: 165: 19:"Cambodian language" redirects here. For other languages spoken in Cambodia, see 12704: 12472: 12047: 9153:

Reading the first article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Khmer.

7774:, which were inherited directly from Indian numerals, are used more widely than 3573:. When consonant voicing was lost, the distinction was maintained by the vowel ( 3533:

Compounds, however, preserve the stress patterns of the constituent words. Thus

14416: 14353: 14292: 14287: 14205: 14145: 14133: 14084: 14079: 14069: 13905: 13900: 13884: 13879: 13869: 13853: 13740: 13717: 13640: 13635: 13566: 13558: 13498: 13477: 13417: 13131: 12944: 12846: 12836: 12816: 12740: 12714: 12679: 12674: 12538: 12437: 12417: 12412: 12309: 12281: 12276: 12176: 12135: 12097: 12077: 12057: 12027: 11833: 11803: 11796: 11728: 11700: 11578: 11568: 11481: 11328: 11318: 11262: 11252: 11237: 11036: 10984: 10597: 9075: 9054: 8549: 7819: 7798: 7771: 7760: 7261: 5992:('god') before royal and religious objects. The most common demonstratives are 5024:

As is typical of most East Asian languages, Khmer verbs do not inflect at all;

4724: 4105: 3589: 3496: 3461: 2038: 1335: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1091: 1020: 864: 802: 772: 764: 748: 740: 548: 228: 160: 95: 89: 10862:"United Nations in Cambodia "Celebration of International Literacy Day, 2011"" 9521: 9500: 5828:

However, in spoken discourse OSV is possible when emphasizing the object in a

1279: 14439: 14330: 13874: 13780: 13770: 13745: 13660: 13571: 13422: 13358: 13275: 13214: 13182: 13141: 13089: 13074: 13066: 13056: 12960: 12821: 12790: 12770: 12730: 12442: 12422: 12374: 12364: 12347: 12286: 12271: 12266: 12196: 12181: 12130: 12067: 11781: 11761: 11751: 11685: 11678: 11667: 11523: 11450: 11425: 11333: 11313: 11282: 11257: 11232: 7273: 5975: 5579: 5470: 5067: 4863: 4810: 4301: 3749: 3683: 3562: 3442: 2140: 1880: 1366: 1345: 1299: 988: 977: 973: 760: 728: 717: 243: 10840: 2552:. There are 85 possible two-consonant clusters (including etc. analyzed as 812:. In these classification schemes Khmer's closest genetic relatives are the 14264: 14015: 13604: 13538: 13448: 13219: 13110: 13084: 13079: 12912: 12907: 12750: 12654: 12191: 12186: 12125: 12052: 11808: 11624: 11614: 11563: 11323: 11247: 9033: 7811: 7790: 7592:, both of which can mean "also" or "and also"; disjunction is indicated by 7051: 4586: 3735: 3725: 3697: 3582: 1579: 1376: 1244: 1198: 1133: 1115: 1083: 1067: 1028: 1024: 891: 794: 752: 732: 670: 650: 589: 557: 486: 238: 214: 150: 132: 12592: 10279:(1998 ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell Southeast Asia Program Publications. 9708: 9300: 9282: 9038: 1079: 393: 386: 13760: 13576: 13548: 13523: 12765: 12407: 11692: 11104: 11019:. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. 10940:

Cambodian system of writing and beginning reader with drills and glossary

9070:. Within Cambodia, literacy in the Khmer alphabet is estimated at 77.6%. 9059: 5485: 5481: 4867: 4846: 4829: 4506: 3753: 3713: 3548: 2135: 1916: 1892: 1875: 1727: 1128: 11160: 10991:. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 10535:

Cambodian: Khmer (London Oriental and African Language Library, Book 16)

9900:

The Syntax of Nouns and Noun Phrases in Dated Pre-Angkorian Inscriptions

9794:

Suwilai, Premsrirat; Mahidol University; Mon-Khmer Studies 24:1–26; pg 1

4723:

Adjectives, verbs and verb phrases may be made into nouns by the use of

3660: ('do you want to go to Siem Reap?') 14109: 13528: 11946: 11639: 11118: 11093: 9526: 9505: 9305: 9287: 9063: 3693: 3631:

can also serve as an emphasizing (or in some cases negating) particle.

3415: 2145: 2125: 2078: 1897: 1885: 1240: 1087: 1058: 876: 856: 685: 662: 635: 11031:

Communicating in Khmer: an interactive intermediate level Khmer course

7564:

to the main clause. The various types of clauses in Khmer include the

4585:

are used after numerals, but are not always obligatory as they are in

3441:

listed above. This vowel may end the syllable or may be followed by a

2548:, and (with aspirated consonants analyzed as two-consonant sequences) 1847:

in the speech of Cambodians familiar with French and other languages.

669:

speak a very conservative dialect that still displays features of the

12356: 11791: 11771: 11017:

10413:"A Diachronic Survey of some Khmer particles (7th to 17th centuries)" 9809:

Linguistic Diversity and National Unity: Language Ecology in Thailand

9655:

Classifying the Austroasiatic languages: history and state of the art

9579:

Khmer American: Identity and Moral Education in a Diasporic Community

9246: 7766: 7560:

Complex sentences are formed in Khmer by the addition of one or more

5984: 4806: 3554: 2316: 1844: 1630: 1371: 1248: 1144: 1120: 1111: 705: 639: 616: 406: 377: 358: 339: 209: 11108: 11099: 10973:. London oriental series, v. 40. New York: Oxford University Press. 9773:

Thomas, David (1990). "On the 'language' status of Northern Khmer".

9604:"Acoustic correlates of breathy and clear vowels: the case of Khmer" 3433:

After the initial consonant or consonant cluster comes the syllabic

1859: 1239:

Many native scholars in the early 20th century, led by a monk named

832:

The approximate locations where various dialects of Khmer are spoken

11411: 9832: 9251: 9232: 6744: 4093: 3696:. Syntactic relations are mainly determined by word order. Old and 3612: 3512: 2537: 962: 958: 863:

area, the areas of Northeast Thailand adjacent to Cambodia such as

845: 837: 600: 581: 569: 444: 297: 271: 114: 109: 10571:

Introduction to Cambodian (School of Oriental and African Studies)

6586:

is the "existential" copula meaning "there is" or "there exists".

12368: 11786: 10989:

Cambodian linguistics, literature and history: collected articles

9657:. LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics, 76. Munich: Lincom Europa. 9484:. Canberra: Australian National University. Pacific Linguistics. 9370:

Cambodian Linguistics, Literature and History: Collected Articles

9050: 4705: 4097: 3593: 3489: 1774: 1504: 1148: 1011: 852: 841: 756: 593: 310: 128: 11150: 10071:

Classical Civilizations of South-East Asia: Key Papers from SOAS

5946:

The noun phrase in Khmer typically has the following structure:

3673: ('this book is expensive!') 1004:

that has all but disappeared in other dialects of modern Khmer.

9043: 7561: 5453: 4493:, but indefiniteness is often expressed by the word for "one" ( 3499:(fully unstressed) syllable. Such words have been described as 2560:

can mark either contrastive or non-contrastive aspiration (see

1222: 942:, a region encompassed by the northwest and central provinces. 620: 10924:

Huffman, F. E., Promchan, C., & Lambert, C.-R. T. (1970).

10746:

Ehrman, Madeline Elizabeth; Kem, Sos; Lim, Hak Kheang (1974).

10674:

Huffman, F. E., Promchan, C., & Lambert, C.-R. T. (1970).

9042:

An example of modern Khmer script at the Cambodian Embassy in

7191:" and also are often softened by the addition of the particle 657:

is spoken by over a million Khmers in the southern regions of

515: 69: 11867: 10627:"The syllabic and morphological structure of Cambodian words" 10302:"The syllabic and morphological structure of Cambodian words" 9423:"A survey of Austroasiatic and Mon-Khmer comparative studies" 9422: 6004:('those over there') has a more distal or vague connotation. 1782: 327:

Royal Academy of Cambodia, National Council of Khmer Language

10942:. Yale linguistic series. New Haven: Yale University Press. 771:

and a division of consonants into two series with different

11055:

In the shadow of Angkor: contemporary writing from Cambodia

10971:

The traditional literature of Cambodia: a preliminary guide

10938:

Huffman, F. E., Lambert, C.-R. T., & Im Proum. (1970).

9326: 5036:

can be expressed using auxiliary verbs, particles (such as

4478: 3418:

occurs in the clusters consisting of a plosive followed by

604: 577: 506: 122: 7268:

are indicated with interrogative particles, most commonly

1251:, who favored borrowing from Thai, were also influential. 905:

Standard Khmer and related dialects (including Khmer Krom)

7584:("and then") or by clause-final conjunction-like adverbs 3449:

and the aspirates can appear as the coda (although final

11100:

SEAlang Project: Mon–Khmer languages. The Khmeric Branch

9806: 6987:, which is placed immediately before the verb, or both: 6659:

language copula NMLZ {to express} heart thought all kind

3643: ('I don't want it') 572:. The language is also widely spoken by Khmer people in 11069:

The Cambodian alphabet: how to write the Khmer language

9745:

The International Symposium on Language and Linguistics

9576: 7735:

Relative clauses are more likely to be introduced with

3734:

constructions are common and the language is generally

3492:

in Khmer (it does not distinguish different meanings).

823: 10921:. Chiang Mai: Linguistics Institute, Payap University. 10098:"On Takeo Dialects of Khmer: Phonology and World List" 6662:'Language is the expression of all emotions and ideas' 11089: 4104:

to adopting an isolating typology. Affixed forms are

524: 503: 11130:

How to install Khmer script on a Windows XP computer

10750:. Foreign Service Institute, US Department of State. 10054:

Minegishi, M (2006). "Khmer". In Keith Brown (ed.).

9747:. Bangkok, Thailand: Thammasat University: 258–262. 9214: 8587:. When used of those of higher social status, it is 1066:

is spoken by the indigenous Khmer population of the

11125:

How to install Khmer script on a Windows 7 computer

10912:

Sociolinguistic Survey of the Khmer Khe in Cambodia

9185: 9015: 8999: 8981: 8975: 8969: 8934: 8928: 8903: 8897: 8872: 8866: 8839: 8823: 8807: 8786: 8770: 8751: 8745: 8718: 8702: 8686: 8665: 8649: 8633: 8558: 8538: 8524: 8510: 8496: 8482: 8468: 8452: 8423: 8392: 8363: 8332: 8303: 8272: 8243: 8208: 8179: 8148: 8119: 8088: 8059: 8028: 7999: 7968: 7935: 7894: 7853: 996:range extending from western Cambodia into eastern 951: 542: 512: 509: 74: 59: 53: 9975: 6610: 3897: 808:Diffloth places Khmer in an eastern branch of the 10131:The Mon-Khmer Studies Journal. 28. (1998): 43–62. 6014:Some examples of typical Khmer noun phrases are: 5492:or verbal attribute often follows the predicate. 5163:are verbs that can not be followed by an object: 4845:" (A is more X ). The most common way to express 723:Khmer differs from neighboring languages such as 14437: 11117:open sourced and collaborative project based on 11041:Colloquial Cambodian: a complete language course 10695:East and Southeast Asian Languages: A First Look 10602:Colloquial Cambodian: A Complete Language Course 9709:Cambodian System of Writing and Beginning Reader 9551:. Australian National University. Archived from 619:being the language of the historical empires of 10129:"An Acoustic Study of Battambang Khmer Vowels." 9831:Unrepresented Peoples and Nations Organization 9367:Smyth, David A; Jacob, Judith Margaret (1993). 8583:. Used in polite reference to commoners, it is 2540:begins with a single consonant, or else with a 10343:"Khmer Nominalizing and Causitivizing Infixes" 9867:Stung Treng Province Cambodia, IUCN, MRC, UNDP 9649: 9647: 9601: 6656:/piəsaː ciə kaː sɑmdaeŋ cət kumnɨt krŏəp jaːŋ/ 1781:. This analysis is supported by the fact that 12608: 11962: 11385: 11176: 10722:. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 73–74. 10194:"Phonetic and Phonological Analysis of Khmer" 9456:The Austroasiatic Central Riverine Hypothesis 1396: 1136:from the 9th century until the 13th century. 1027:in other dialects, is either pronounced as a 927:A speaker of the Phnom Penh dialect of Khmer. 836:Khmer is spoken by some 13 million people in 10745: 9450: 9448: 9157:The following text is from Article 1 of the 5473:sentences are marked either by particles or 3577:); later the phonation disappeared as well ( 3477:('person'), pronounced , or more casually . 871:, and southern Vietnam. The dialects form a 12622: 10596: 10406: 10404: 10402: 10270: 10268: 10266: 10264: 10262: 10260: 10258: 10256: 10254: 10252: 10250: 10248: 10246: 10244: 10242: 10240: 10058:(2 ed.). Elsevier. pp. 4981–4984. 9982:(2, illustrated ed.). Westview Press. 9969: 9967: 9857: 9644: 9170: 9126: 9118: 9112: 9098: 9090: 9084: 9049:Khmer is written with the Khmer script, an 9008: 8992: 8961: 8955: 8949: 8920: 8914: 8889: 8882: 8859: 8853: 8832: 8816: 8800: 8779: 8761: 8738: 8732: 8711: 8695: 8679: 8658: 8642: 8626: 8553: 8533: 8519: 8505: 8491: 8477: 8463: 8440: 8433: 8411: 8404: 8380: 8373: 8351: 8344: 8320: 8313: 8291: 8284: 8260: 8253: 8227: 8220: 8196: 8189: 8167: 8160: 8136: 8129: 8107: 8100: 8076: 8069: 8047: 8040: 8016: 8009: 7987: 7980: 7952: 7945: 7923: 7916: 7882: 7875: 7841: 7834: 7548:from yesterday I {to undergo} dog {to bite} 6766: 6757: 6748: 5037: 4850: 4833: 4627: 4617: 4500: 4494: 3668: 3655: 3638: 3623: 3534: 3516: 3469: 3453:is heard in some dialects, most notably in 1786:when the following consonant is not one of 1049: 1043: 1019:(as in the English word "bread"). The "r", 844:(1999 census) and 1.4 million in northeast 532: 47: 41: 12615: 12601: 11969: 11955: 11392: 11378: 11183: 11169: 10910:Herington, Jennifer and Amy Ryan. (2013). 10799: 10748:Contemporary Cambodian: Grammatical Sketch 10564: 10562: 10527: 10525: 10523: 10521: 10519: 10517: 10515: 10513: 10511: 10509: 10507: 10505: 10503: 10501: 10499: 10497: 10495: 10493: 10491: 10489: 10487: 10485: 10483: 10481: 10238: 10236: 10234: 10232: 10230: 10228: 10226: 10224: 10222: 10220: 10001: 9999: 9802: 9800: 9394: 9392: 9390: 9366: 8566:before the corresponding cardinal number. 5983:The elements in parentheses are optional. 5495: 1403: 1389: 630:The vast majority of Khmer speakers speak 599:Khmer has been influenced considerably by 443: 68: 11190: 11057:. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. 10900:. Washington, Catholic University Press. 10713: 10624: 10479: 10477: 10475: 10473: 10471: 10469: 10467: 10465: 10463: 10461: 10381: 10379: 10377: 10375: 10373: 10371: 10369: 10121: 10095: 10084:International Encyclopedia of Linguistics 10053: 9911: 9909: 9602:Wayland, Ratree; Jongman, Allard (2003). 9461: 9445: 6874: 6843: 6825: 6383: 6367: 6254: 5915: 4801: 4399:{to transport} {} {to bring} {} {to lead} 3588:Although most Cambodian dialects are not 21:Demographics of Cambodia § Languages 11976: 10399: 10340: 10334: 10299: 10056:Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics 10005: 9973: 9964: 9948:Cambodian Buddhism: History and Practice 9145: 9037: 7203: 5818:/kʰɲom ʔaoj cruːk nəw ceik muəj cɑmnuən/ 5748:'I gave a bunch of bananas to the pigs.' 5742:/kʰɲom ʔaoj ceik muəj cɑmnuən dɑl cruːk/ 1858: 1119: 913: 827: 79:"Khmer language" written in Khmer script 14451:Languages attested from the 9th century 10891:Essai de phonétique historique du khmer 10831: 10829: 10559: 10274: 10217: 10188: 10186: 10184: 10182: 10180: 10178: 9996: 9941: 9939: 9937: 9797: 9735: 9702: 9700: 9698: 9696: 9694: 9692: 9690: 9688: 9686: 9542: 9536: 9387: 9267: 7167: 7106: 7062: 6567:I {to want} {to go} {to walk} {to play} 5637: 4505:( "a dog"). Plurality can be marked by 3615:context in Khmer, as in distinguishing 2528:Example: ឰដ៏, ឧទាហរណ៍, ឧត្តម, ឱកាស...។ 1816:approach and respectively. The stops 1139:The following centuries saw changes in 751:. The language has been written in the 665:, while the Khmer living in the remote 483:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 14438: 10957:A Concise Cambodian-English Dictionary 10741: 10739: 10670: 10668: 10666: 10664: 10662: 10531: 10458: 10366: 10049: 10047: 10045: 10043: 9950:. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. 9945: 9915: 9906: 9893: 9891: 9772: 9766: 9729: 9666: 9420: 7599:Relative clauses can be introduced by 7272:, a homonym of the negation particle. 6440:/puəʔmaʔ touc rɔbɑh kʰɲom piː nĕə nih/ 3845: 1801:The voiced plosives are pronounced as 607:especially in the royal and religious 14351: 14244: 14046: 13946: 13690: 13388: 13255: 13162: 12986: 12887: 12634: 12596: 11950: 11373: 11164: 11146:Online Khmer & English dictionary 10854: 10805: 10592: 10590: 10568: 10538:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. 10410: 10140: 10068: 9846:Monosyllablization in Kiengiang Khmer 9474: 9398:Diffloth, Gerard & Zide, Norman. 9278: 9276: 9159:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 7719:bed hospital REL have wheel {to push} 7436: 7347: 7229: 6506:'(very) expansive fields and paddies' 6431: 6302: 6205: 6117:/ptĕəh skəm.skaj bəj buən kʰnɑːŋ nih/ 6108: 5788: 5624: 5488:and another noun phrase acting as an 5403: 5337: 4978: 4931: 4892: 4709: 4472: 3975: 3884: 3542: 3515:(generally loanwords). An example is 2531: 1105: 1042:. For example, some people pronounce 859:(Cambodia's capital city), the rural 547: 94: 88: 11005:. London: Kegan Paul International. 10928:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 10896:Headley, Robert and others. (1977). 10826: 10760: 10678:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 10175: 10062: 9934: 9858:Try, Tuon; Chambers, Marcus (2006). 9825: 9683: 9362: 9360: 9327:"National Council of Khmer Language" 7607: 7011: 6778: 5824:'I gave the pig a bunch of bananas.' 5674:'I gave the pig a bunch of bananas.' 5665:/kʰɲom ʔaoj ceik cruːk muəj cɑmnuən/ 5264: 5167: 5074: 5066:are verbs that may be followed by a 4874: 4732: 4636: 4513: 3728:are used rather than postpositions. 824:Geographic distribution and dialects 14352: 13389: 11053:Stewart, F., & May, S. (2004). 10959:. London, Oxford University Press. 10761:Mori, K. (2007). Soichi, I. (ed.). 10736: 10718:Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 10659: 10040: 9888: 9785: 9595: 8797:Layperson to/about Buddhist clergy 8623:Intimate or addressing an inferior 8569: 8552:are formed by placing the particle 7545:/piː msəlmɨɲ kʰɲom trəw cʰkae kʰam/ 7239: 7176:please do follow instruction he IMP 7033:/sʔaek kʰɲom nɨŋ tɨw {saːlaː riən}/ 6437:ពួកម៉ាក តូច របស់ ខ្ញុំ ពីរ នាក់ នេះ 5193: 4053: 4027: 3949: 3858: 3748:have been hard to define in Khmer. 3720:(SVO), although subjects are often 1824:when occurring as syllable finals. 13: 14421:Languages between parentheses are 13012:Northern, Thanh Hóa, Huế, Southern 10882: 10587: 9930:from the original on Jun 30, 2023. 9482:A Mon–Khmer comparative dictionary 9352:The Linguistics Student's Handbook 9273: 7722:"the hospital bed that has wheels" 7659:"the hospital bed that has wheels" 7551:'Yesterday I was bitten by a dog.' 6979:'He left.' or 'He's already gone.' 6443:friend small of I two person these 6415: 6286: 6189: 6092: 5934:science thief {to steal} NEG COMPL 5925: 5745:I give banana one bunch toward pig 5477:equivalent to English "wh-words". 5045:, placed before a verb to express 4600: 4466:women {} {women, women in general} 4081:, which means that it uses little 16:Austroasiatic language of Cambodia 14: 14492: 14319:Western Khmer (Chanthaburi Khmer) 11083: 11071:. Bangkok: Trasvin Publications. 10704:at Oxford University Press Online 10455:. PhD thesis, Cornell University. 9848:. University of Ho Chi Minh City. 9807:William Allen A. Smalley (1994). 9738:"Khmer of Surin: Lexical Remarks" 9357: 9027: 8767:(or kinship term, title or rank) 7656:bed hospital have wheel {to push} 7420:'Have you gone to the store yet?' 7179:'Please follow his instructions.' 7173:/soum tʰʋəː taːm bɑndam kŏət tɨw/ 7096: 6756:before the verb and the particle 6482: 6351: 6223:these two bunches of ripe bananas 6157: 6126:'these three or four high houses' 6120:house high three four spine these 6044: 5937:'Science, a thief can not steal.' 4001: 3832: 2112: 2103: 2094: 2085: 2067: 2052: 2043: 2027: 2018: 2009: 2000: 1991: 1982: 1966: 1957: 1948: 1939: 1930: 1921: 1749: 1738: 1732: 1710: 1684: 1659: 1647: 1637: 1615: 1609: 1600: 1594: 1578: 1568: 1562: 1552: 1546: 1536: 1530: 1520: 1514: 1491: 1482: 1473: 1464: 1203:Mid-14th century to 18th century 778: 11401: 10837:"Khmer Alphabet at Omniglot.com" 9577:Nancy Joan Smith-Hefner (1999). 9471:77–80. London: Routledge Curzon. 9311: 9293: 9231: 9217: 7765:Counting in Khmer is based on a 7686: 7555: 7484: 7039:'Tomorrow, I will go to school.' 3819: 1278: 499: 463: 303: 290: 264: 11141:UCLA Language Materials project 10787:from the original on 2022-10-09 10754: 10707: 10688: 10618: 10453:An outline of Cambodian Grammar 10445: 10433:from the original on 2022-10-09 10355:from the original on 2022-10-09 10293: 10163:from the original on 2022-10-09 10134: 10110:from the original on 2022-10-09 10089: 10077: 10028:from the original on 2022-10-09 9876:from the original on 2022-10-09 9851: 9838: 9754:from the original on 2022-10-09 9660: 9632:from the original on 2022-10-09 9570: 9515: 9494: 7477:Q you {to invite} {to go} where 7392: 7118:'Go ahead and try it yourself.' 7112:/cou saːk lbɑːŋ kʰluən aeŋ coh/ 6449:these two small friends of mine 6399: 6270: 6173: 6076: 6060: 5598: 5511: 4828:are constructed syntactically. 3780: 3767: 3565:and diphthongized; for example 2561: 1417:International Phonetic Alphabet 961:. The conquests of Cambodia by 14425:of the language on their left. 13947: 12582:Ho Chi Minh City Sign Language 9458:. Keynote address, SEALS, XIX. 9414: 9344: 9319: 6510: 6486: 6446:NOUN ADJ POSS POSS NUM CLF DEM 6114:ផ្ទះ ស្កឹមស្កៃ បី បួន ខ្នង នេះ 5941: 5821:I give pig OM banana one bunch 5565:/kʰɲom ʔaoj ceik muəj cɑmnuən/ 5537: 5469:are marked by particles while 4040: 4014: 1: 14481:Subject–verb–object languages 11105:Khmer Swadesh vocabulary list 10420:Essays in Honour of HL Shorto 9903:. Mon Khmer Studies 22: 1–26. 9623:10.1016/s0095-4470(02)00086-4 9427:The Mon-Khmer Studies Journal 8850:Buddhist clergy to layperson 7716:/krɛː pɛːt dael miən kɑŋ ruɲ/ 7417:you {to go} market PRF or yet 7248:PROH {to be} place DEM COHORT 7036:tomorrow I FUT {to go} school 6217:banana ripe two bunches these 5056:Khmer verbs are a relatively 4832:are expressed using the word 4072: 3603: 1843:occur occasionally in recent 1422: 708:follow the word they modify. 14314:Northern Khmer (Surin Khmer) 12635: 10898:Cambodian-English Dictionary 10820:10.1016/0024-3841(65)90011-2 10625:Karnchana, Nacaskul (1978). 10387:Cambodian-English Dictionary 10300:Nacaskul, Karnchana (1978). 9581:. University of California. 8546:(10,000,000) from Sanskrit. 7414:/loːk tɨw psaː haəj rɨː nɨw/ 7255: 7183:Prohibitives take the form " 6705:'He is close to the temple.' 6570:'I want to go for a stroll.' 6500:/ʋiəl srae dɑː {lʋɨŋ lʋəːj}/ 6335: 6238: 6141: 6028: 5611: 5574:'I gave a bunch of bananas.' 5524: 4720:in colloquial conversation. 4434:fast {} {very fast, quickly} 3988: 3962: 3936: 3923: 3910: 3871: 3806: 3793: 2383:Independent vowels of Khmer 1863:Vowel Diagram (Monophthongs) 1827:In addition, the consonants 1808:In syllable-final position, 1258: 1038:much like the "hỏi" tone in 7: 11115:Dictionary and SpellChecker 10573:. Oxford University Press. 9974:Chandler, David P. (1992). 9210: 9186: 9141: 9016: 9000: 8982: 8976: 8970: 8935: 8929: 8904: 8898: 8873: 8867: 8840: 8824: 8808: 8787: 8771: 8752: 8746: 8719: 8703: 8687: 8666: 8650: 8634: 8559: 8539: 8525: 8511: 8497: 8483: 8469: 8453: 8424: 8393: 8364: 8333: 8304: 8273: 8244: 8209: 8180: 8149: 8120: 8089: 8060: 8029: 8000: 7969: 7936: 7895: 7854: 7754: 7480:'Where are you going, sir?' 7251:'Don't stay in this place.' 6503:field paddy ADJ.MARKER vast 6424: 6408: 6392: 6376: 6360: 6344: 6328: 6311:/puəʔmaʔ kʰɲom piː nĕə nih/ 6295: 6279: 6263: 6247: 6231: 6198: 6182: 6166: 6150: 6134: 6101: 6085: 6069: 6053: 6037: 6021: 5882:'In a boat sit five monks.' 5879:boat one {to sit} five monk 5668:I give banana pig one bunch 5006:'That girl is very pretty.' 4959:'That girl is very pretty.' 4499:) following the noun as in 4352:father {} mother {} parents 3521:('language'), pronounced . 3438: 2347:; (with long monophthongs) 1158:Historical Stages of Khmer 1124:A stone carved in Old Khmer 952: 543: 75: 60: 54: 10: 14497: 14245: 14047: 13256: 13163: 12987: 12888: 11094:text segmentation software 10275:Huffman, Franklin (1970). 10096:Minegishi, Makoto (1986). 9031: 8574:Khmer employs a system of 8532:(1,000,000) from Thai and 7758: 7474:/taə loːk ʔɑɲcəːɲ tɨw naː/ 7195:to the end of the phrase. 6564:/kʰɲom cɑng tɨw daə leːng/ 6308:ពួកម៉ាក ខ្ញុំ ពីរ នាក់ នេះ 6000:('that, those'). The word 5931:/ʋɪʔciə cao luəc mɨn baːn/ 3681: 3677: 3546: 1794:if the initial plosive is 1769:may occur with or without 1109: 1031:or not pronounced at all. 782: 18: 14407: 14360: 14347: 14301: 14278: 14255: 14251: 14240: 14214: 14180: 14164: 14123: 14059: 14055: 14042: 14008: 13980: 13959: 13955: 13942: 13914: 13893: 13862: 13846: 13830: 13823: 13794: 13733: 13726: 13710: 13703: 13699: 13691: 13686: 13653: 13628: 13595: 13557: 13514: 13507: 13486: 13470: 13461: 13441: 13410: 13401: 13397: 13384: 13351: 13335: 13319: 13293: 13284: 13268: 13264: 13251: 13207: 13191: 13175: 13171: 13158: 13124: 13098: 13065: 13049: 12999: 12995: 12982: 12953: 12937: 12921: 12900: 12896: 12883: 12859: 12809: 12786: 12779: 12723: 12647: 12643: 12630: 12564:Vietnamese sign languages 12562: 12521: 12500: 12393: 12338: 12300: 12257: 12227: 12167: 12149: 12116: 12018: 12009: 12000: 11984: 11923: 11891: 11853: 11846: 11824:Red Karen (Eastern Kayah) 11742: 11719: 11658: 11554: 11541: 11511: 11495: 11464: 11443: 11434: 11418: 11346: 11301: 11223: 11214: 11198: 11151:Khmer Online Dictionaries 11001:Keesee, A. P. K. (1996). 10640:: 183–200. Archived from 10634:Mon-Khmer Studies Journal 10451:Huffman, Franklin. 1967. 10348:. University of Chicago. 10309:Mon-Khmer Studies Journal 9811:. University of Chicago. 9719:. Yale University Press. 9706:Huffman, Franklin. 1970. 9171: 9127: 9119: 9113: 9099: 9091: 9085: 9009: 8993: 8962: 8956: 8950: 8921: 8915: 8890: 8883: 8860: 8854: 8833: 8817: 8801: 8780: 8762: 8739: 8733: 8712: 8696: 8680: 8659: 8643: 8627: 8617: 8614: 8611: 8554: 8534: 8520: 8506: 8492: 8478: 8464: 8441: 8434: 8412: 8405: 8381: 8374: 8352: 8345: 8321: 8314: 8292: 8285: 8261: 8254: 8228: 8221: 8197: 8190: 8168: 8161: 8137: 8130: 8108: 8101: 8077: 8070: 8048: 8041: 8017: 8010: 7988: 7981: 7953: 7946: 7924: 7917: 7883: 7876: 7842: 7835: 6767: 6758: 6749: 6320:these two friends of mine 6314:friend I two person these 5448: 5038: 4851: 4834: 4628: 4618: 4501: 4495: 3669: 3656: 3639: 3624: 3535: 3517: 3480: 3470: 2355:; (with long diphthongs) 2175: 2132: 2082: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1872: 1850: 1820:are unaspirated and have 1726: 1669: 1629: 1577: 1503: 1458: 1429: 1050: 1044: 789:Khmer is a member of the 533: 442: 428: 404: 375: 356: 337: 332: 320: 277: 259:Official language in 257: 252: 225: 197: 172: 156: 146: 102: 96:[kʰeːmarapʰiəsaː] 84: 67: 48: 42: 40: 35: 30: 11029:Sak-Humphry, C. (2002). 10889:Ferlus, Michel. (1992). 10411:Jacob, Judith M (1991). 10141:Jacob, Judith M (1976). 10006:Sasagawa, Hideo (2015). 8946:when addressing royalty 8911:(to female), (to male) 8595:. For monks the word is 7653:/krɛː pɛːt miən kɑŋ ruɲ/ 7115:IMP try try you REFL IMP 6123:NOUN ADJ NUM NUM CLF DEM 5876:/tuːk muəj kɔŋ pram ʔɑŋ/ 5051:Serial verb construction 5019: 4153:"to originate (trans.)" 3712:. Colloquial Khmer is a 3710:serial verb construction 1193:800 to mid-14th century 1182:Pre-Angkorian Old Khmer 896:Cardamom (Western) Khmer 763:via the southern Indian 163:: 17 million (2019) 13343:Somray (Northern Chong) 12624:Austroasiatic languages 12522:Other foreign languages 11309:Cambodian Sign Language 10955:Jacob, Judith. (1974). 10926:Modern spoken Cambodian 10763:"Khmer final particles 10676:Modern spoken Cambodian 10341:Schiller, Eric (1994). 10277:Modern Spoken Cambodian 10015:Southeast Asian Studies 9916:Jacobs, Judith (1993). 9667:Ferlus, Michel (1992). 9532:(subscription required) 9511:(subscription required) 9454:Sidwell, Paul (2009a). 9401:Austroasiatic Languages 8971:khnhŭm preăh bat âmchăs 6747:is achieved by putting 6214:/ceːk tum piː snət nih/ 5568:I give banana one bunch 5496:Basic constituent order 5435:"That boy is handsome." 5213:"I walk to the market." 4712:below). Khmer exhibits 4459:women, women in general 3700:used particles to mark 1788:/ʔ/,/b/,/d/,/r/,/s/,/h/ 1765:The voiceless plosives 1266:Part of a series on the 785:Austroasiatic languages 556:spoken natively by the 12577:Haiphong Sign Language 12501:Main foreign languages 11347:Main foreign languages 10569:Jacob, Judith (1968). 9835:Retrieved 19 June 2012 9653:Sidwell, Paul (2009). 9543:Sidwell, Paul (2006). 9421:Thomas, David (1964). 9154: 9046: 8989:or (male), (female) 7733: 7537: 7529: 7521: 7513: 7505: 7497: 7466: 7458: 7450: 7442: 7432: 7406: 7398: 7388: 7380: 7372: 7364: 7356:you understand modal Q 7343: 7335: 7327: 7319: 7314:'Where are you going?' 7300: 7292: 7284: 7235: 7225: 7217: 7209: 7199: 7163: 7155: 7147: 7139: 7131: 7123: 7102: 7092: 7084: 7076: 7068: 7058: 7025: 7017: 7007: 6999: 6991: 6965: 6957: 6949: 6930: 6922: 6914: 6905: 6852:I NEG {to believe} NEG 6726: 6718: 6710: 6702:he copula close temple 6691: 6683: 6675: 6667: 6648: 6640: 6632: 6624: 6616: 6606: 6598: 6590: 6556: 6548: 6540: 6532: 6524: 6492: 6478: 6470: 6462: 6421: 6405: 6389: 6373: 6357: 6341: 6325: 6292: 6276: 6260: 6244: 6228: 6195: 6179: 6163: 6147: 6131: 6098: 6082: 6066: 6050: 6034: 6018: 5921: 5911: 5903: 5895: 5887: 5868: 5860: 5852: 5844: 5836: 5810: 5802: 5794: 5784: 5776: 5768: 5760: 5734: 5726: 5718: 5710: 5702: 5694: 5686: 5654: 5643: 5630: 5617: 5604: 5591: 5554: 5543: 5530: 5517: 5504: 5446: 5377:"That boy works well." 5364:/proh nuh {tʰʋəː kaː} 5253: 5158: 5017: 4956:girl DEM pretty pretty 4953:/srəj nuh sʔaːt sʔaːt/ 4912:'That girl is pretty.' 4802:Adjectives and adverbs 4799: 4703: 4580: 4405:Repetitive compounds: 4308:Coordinate compounds: 4102:agglutinative language 3702:grammatical categories 3688:Khmer is primarily an 3621:interrogative particle 3617:declarative statements 3530:used in conversation. 3511:, but some are single 3507:. Most such words are 3437:, which is one of the 1868:Monophthongs of Khmer 1864: 1125: 928: 902:Surin (Northern) Khmer 833: 676:Khmer is primarily an 655:Northern Khmer dialect 560:. This language is an 554:Austroasiatic language 471:This article contains 90:[pʰiəsaːkʰmae] 14471:Languages of Thailand 14466:Languages of Cambodia 11883:Southwestern Mandarin 11192:Languages of Cambodia 11109:Swadesh-list appendix 11043:. London: Routledge. 10969:Jacob, J. M. (1996). 10532:Haiman, John (2011). 10315:: 187. Archived from 9978:A history of Cambodia 9897:Sak-Humphry, Channy. 9262:Romanization of Khmer 9152: 9041: 7605: 7359:'Can you understand?' 7245:/kom nɨw tiː nih ʔəj/ 6776: 6317:NOUN POSS NUM CLF DEM 6211:ចេក ទុំ ពីរ ស្និត នេះ 5262: 5207:/kʰɲom ɗaə tɨw pʰsaː/ 5165: 5072: 4872: 4826:Degrees of comparison 4730: 4634: 4583:Classifying particles 4511: 4274:"to know (something)" 4218:"to break (intrans.)" 3708:, "directionals" and 3475:mɔnuh, mɔnɨh, mĕəʾnuh 3426:, and in the cluster 3422:, in those beginning 1862: 1232:, which brought in a 1123: 1110:Further information: 926: 831: 613:Hinduism and Buddhism 168:: 1 million (no date) 14476:Languages of Vietnam 11978:Languages of Vietnam 11015:Meechan, M. (1992). 10983:Jacob, J. M., & 9946:Harris, Ian (2008). 9860:"Situation Analysis" 9611:Journal of Phonetics 9350:Laurie Bauer, 2007, 9268:References and notes 8825:preăh téch preăh kŭn 7747:("seems as if") and 7353:/loːk sdap baːn teː/ 6944:'He went yesterday.' 6941:he {to go} yesterday 6220:NOUN ADJ NUM CLF DEM 5996:('this, these') and 5963:Adjectival modifiers 5671:SBJ VERB DO IO {} {} 5239:{to invite} {to sit} 5003:girl DEM pretty very 5000:/srəj nuh sʔaːt nah/ 4231:"to take for a walk" 4201:"to bite each other" 3740:actor nominalization 3657:អ្នកចង់ទៅលេងសៀមរាបទេ 1190:Angkorian Old Khmer 1100:Stung Treng Province 739:in that it is not a 644:Stung Treng province 424: Central Khmer 14461:Isolating languages 14366:Proto-Austroasiatic 14021:Southern Nicobarese 13411:Khasi-Pnar-Lyngngam 12572:Hanoi Sign Language 11547:by languages groups 11107:(from Wiktionary's 11067:Tonkin, D. (1991). 10150:Pacific Linguistics 10086:, OUP 2003, p. 356. 9053:developed from the 8951:ខ្ញុំព្រះបាទអម្ចាស់ 8809:khnhŭm preăh kârŭna 6849:/kʰɲom mɨn cɨə teː/ 6453:The Khmer particle 5475:interrogative words 5147:"I buy cigarettes." 4866:or with the use of 4481:do not inflect for 4229:"to cause to break" 4077:Modern Khmer is an 3718:subject–verb–object 2384: 2129: 1869: 1779:/ph/,/th/,/ch/,/kh/ 1159: 810:Mon-Khmer languages 759:descended from the 716:. In spoken Khmer, 702:subject–verb–object 279:Recognised minority 14456:Analytic languages 11931:Thai Sign Language 11855:Immigrant language 10917:2021-03-10 at the 10700:2012-11-20 at the 10647:on 11 October 2017 10604:. Routledge (UK). 10322:on 11 October 2017 9844:Thach, Ngoc Minh. 9833:Khmer Krom Profile 9714:2021-03-01 at the 9407:2012-04-25 at the 9155: 9068:Mon–Burmese script 9047: 8609:Situational usage 7574:subordinate clause 6938:/kŏət tɨw msəlmɨɲ/ 6894:'I don't believe.' 6891:I NEG {to believe} 6855:'I don't believe.' 6740:'There is a plan.' 6699:/ʋiə nɨw cɪt ʋŏət/ 5571:SBJ VERB OBJ {} {} 5371:boy DEM {to work} 5161:Intransitive verbs 5141:/kʰɲom tɨɲ ɓaːrəj/ 4766:NMLZ {to lie down} 4483:grammatical gender 4473:Nouns and pronouns 4427:very fast, quickly 4179:"a screen, shade" 4161:derives adjectives 4079:isolating language 3746:Lexical categories 3543:Phonation and tone 2532:Syllable structure 2382: 2124: 1867: 1865: 1822:no audible release 1157: 1126: 1106:Historical periods 929: 869:Cardamom Mountains 834: 696:endings. Instead, 682:isolating language 667:Cardamom Mountains 659:Northeast Thailand 638:, and that of the 390: – Khmer 14433: 14432: 14417:extinct languages 14403: 14402: 14343: 14342: 14339: 14338: 14236: 14235: 14232: 14231: 14038: 14037: 14034: 14033: 13938: 13937: 13934: 13933: 13930: 13929: 13819: 13818: 13815: 13814: 13682: 13681: 13678: 13677: 13674: 13673: 13649: 13648: 13457: 13456: 13380: 13379: 13376: 13375: 13372: 13371: 13247: 13246: 13243: 13242: 13154: 13153: 13150: 13149: 12978: 12977: 12974: 12973: 12879: 12878: 12875: 12874: 12855: 12854: 12590: 12589: 12496: 12495: 12253: 12252: 11985:Official language 11944: 11943: 11919: 11918: 11842: 11841: 11537: 11536: 11419:Official language 11367: 11366: 11342: 11341: 11199:Official language 10611:978-0-415-10006-9 10127:Wayland, Ratree. 9957:978-0-8248-3298-8 9818:978-0-226-76288-3 9673:Mon–Khmer Studies 9588:978-0-520-21349-4 9545:"Khmer/Cambodian" 9530:(18th ed., 2015) 9509:(18th ed., 2015) 9380:978-0-728-60218-2 9309:(27th ed., 2024) 9291:(27th ed., 2024) 9208: 9207: 9150: 9139: 9138: 9025: 9024: 8460: 8459: 7751:("in order to"). 7731: 7730: 7566:coordinate clause 7311:you {to go} where 6903: 6902: 5832:-like structure. 5484:, predicates are 5444: 5443: 5251: 5250: 5210:I walk DIR market 5156: 5155: 5053:is quite common. 5047:continuous aspect 5015: 5014: 4797: 4796: 4788:'appropriateness' 4714:pronoun avoidance 4701: 4700: 4670:friend property I 4608:pencil two {CLF } 4578: 4577: 4298:unbound morphemes 4291: 4290: 4222:"to study, learn" 3690:analytic language 3553:Khmer once had a 3412: 3411: 2525: 2524: 2312: 2311: 2122: 2121: 1763: 1762: 1413: 1412: 1215: 1214: 1163:Historical stage 1090:river valleys of 1078:is spoken in the 1017:consonant cluster 994:Cardamom mountain 924: 566:national language 562:official language 479:rendering support 459: 458: 322:Regulated by 14488: 14349: 14348: 14253: 14252: 14242: 14241: 14057: 14056: 14044: 14043: 13957: 13956: 13944: 13943: 13828: 13827: 13731: 13730: 13708: 13707: 13701: 13700: 13688: 13687: 13512: 13511: 13468: 13467: 13408: 13407: 13399: 13398: 13386: 13385: 13291: 13290: 13266: 13265: 13253: 13252: 13173: 13172: 13160: 13159: 13020: 12997: 12996: 12984: 12983: 12898: 12897: 12885: 12884: 12784: 12783: 12645: 12644: 12632: 12631: 12617: 12610: 12603: 12594: 12593: 12529:Mandarin Chinese 12016: 12015: 12007: 12006: 11971: 11964: 11957: 11948: 11947: 11893:Working language 11851: 11850: 11695: 11688: 11681: 11604: 11597: 11552: 11551: 11548: 11441: 11440: 11406: 11405: 11404: 11394: 11387: 11380: 11371: 11370: 11221: 11220: 11185: 11178: 11171: 11162: 11161: 11121:Khmer Dictionary 10877: 10876: 10874: 10873: 10864:. Archived from 10858: 10852: 10851: 10849: 10848: 10839:. Archived from 10833: 10824: 10823: 10803: 10797: 10796: 10794: 10792: 10786: 10775: 10758: 10752: 10751: 10743: 10734: 10733: 10711: 10705: 10692: 10686: 10672: 10657: 10656: 10654: 10652: 10646: 10631: 10622: 10616: 10615: 10594: 10585: 10584: 10566: 10557: 10556: 10554: 10552: 10529: 10456: 10449: 10443: 10442: 10440: 10438: 10432: 10417: 10408: 10397: 10383: 10364: 10363: 10361: 10360: 10354: 10347: 10338: 10332: 10331: 10329: 10327: 10321: 10306: 10297: 10291: 10290: 10272: 10215: 10214: 10212: 10211: 10205: 10199:. Archived from 10198: 10190: 10173: 10172: 10170: 10168: 10162: 10147: 10138: 10132: 10125: 10119: 10118: 10116: 10115: 10109: 10102: 10093: 10087: 10081: 10075: 10074: 10066: 10060: 10059: 10051: 10038: 10037: 10035: 10033: 10027: 10012: 10003: 9994: 9993: 9981: 9971: 9962: 9961: 9943: 9932: 9931: 9929: 9922: 9913: 9904: 9895: 9886: 9885: 9883: 9881: 9875: 9864: 9855: 9849: 9842: 9836: 9829: 9823: 9822: 9804: 9795: 9789: 9783: 9782: 9770: 9764: 9763: 9761: 9759: 9753: 9742: 9733: 9727: 9704: 9681: 9680: 9664: 9658: 9651: 9642: 9641: 9639: 9637: 9631: 9608: 9599: 9593: 9592: 9574: 9568: 9567: 9565: 9563: 9557: 9540: 9534: 9533: 9519: 9513: 9512: 9498: 9492: 9478: 9472: 9465: 9459: 9452: 9443: 9442: 9440: 9438: 9418: 9412: 9396: 9385: 9384: 9364: 9355: 9348: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9337: 9323: 9317: 9316: 9315: 9298: 9297: 9280: 9257:Khmer literature 9241: 9239:Languages portal 9236: 9235: 9227: 9222: 9221: 9220: 9203: 9190: 9174: 9173: 9164: 9163: 9151: 9130: 9129: 9122: 9121: 9116: 9115: 9102: 9101: 9094: 9093: 9088: 9087: 9081: 9080: 9076:diphthongization 9019: 9012: 9011: 9003: 8996: 8995: 8985: 8979: 8973: 8965: 8964: 8959: 8958: 8953: 8952: 8938: 8932: 8924: 8923: 8918: 8917: 8907: 8901: 8893: 8892: 8886: 8885: 8876: 8870: 8863: 8862: 8857: 8856: 8843: 8836: 8835: 8827: 8820: 8819: 8811: 8804: 8803: 8790: 8783: 8782: 8774: 8765: 8764: 8755: 8749: 8742: 8741: 8736: 8735: 8722: 8715: 8714: 8706: 8699: 8698: 8690: 8683: 8682: 8669: 8662: 8661: 8653: 8646: 8645: 8637: 8630: 8629: 8606: 8605: 8602: 8599:and for royals, 8598: 8594: 8590: 8586: 8582: 8570:Social registers 8565: 8562: 8557: 8556: 8545: 8542: 8537: 8536: 8531: 8528: 8523: 8522: 8517: 8514: 8509: 8508: 8503: 8500: 8495: 8494: 8489: 8486: 8481: 8480: 8475: 8472: 8467: 8466: 8456: 8449: 8444: 8443: 8437: 8436: 8427: 8420: 8415: 8414: 8408: 8407: 8396: 8389: 8384: 8383: 8377: 8376: 8367: 8360: 8355: 8354: 8348: 8347: 8336: 8329: 8324: 8323: 8317: 8316: 8307: 8300: 8295: 8294: 8288: 8287: 8276: 8269: 8264: 8263: 8257: 8256: 8247: 8240: 8236: 8231: 8230: 8224: 8223: 8212: 8205: 8200: 8199: 8193: 8192: 8183: 8176: 8171: 8170: 8164: 8163: 8152: 8145: 8140: 8139: 8133: 8132: 8123: 8116: 8111: 8110: 8104: 8103: 8092: 8085: 8080: 8079: 8073: 8072: 8063: 8056: 8051: 8050: 8044: 8043: 8032: 8025: 8020: 8019: 8013: 8012: 8003: 7996: 7991: 7990: 7984: 7983: 7972: 7965: 7961: 7956: 7955: 7949: 7948: 7939: 7932: 7927: 7926: 7920: 7919: 7898: 7891: 7886: 7885: 7879: 7878: 7857: 7850: 7845: 7844: 7838: 7837: 7784: 7783: 7776:Western numerals 7750: 7746: 7742: 7738: 7688: 7608: 7602: 7595: 7591: 7587: 7583: 7579: 7492: 7438: 7427: 7394: 7349: 7271: 7241: 7231: 7205: 7194: 7190: 7186: 7169: 7108: 7098: 7064: 7049: 7013: 6986: 6910: 6876: 6845: 6827: 6779: 6773: 6770: 6769: 6764: 6761: 6760: 6755: 6752: 6751: 6734:/miən pʰaen kaː/ 6612: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6519: 6488: 6484: 6456: 6433: 6417: 6401: 6385: 6369: 6353: 6337: 6304: 6288: 6272: 6256: 6240: 6207: 6191: 6175: 6159: 6143: 6110: 6094: 6078: 6062: 6046: 6030: 6010: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5978: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5927: 5917: 5790: 5755: 5681: 5639: 5626: 5613: 5600: 5539: 5526: 5513: 5405: 5386: 5339: 5320: 5272: 5265: 5195: 5168: 5144:I buy cigarettes 5075: 5064:Transitive verbs 5044: 5041: 5040: 4980: 4933: 4906:/srəj nuh sʔaːt/ 4894: 4875: 4861: 4857: 4854: 4853: 4844: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4785:NMLZ appropriate 4733: 4710:Social registers 4637: 4631: 4630: 4625: 4621: 4620: 4602: 4514: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4497: 4111: 4110: 4088:. There is some 4055: 4042: 4029: 4016: 4003: 3990: 3977: 3964: 3951: 3938: 3925: 3912: 3899: 3886: 3873: 3860: 3847: 3834: 3821: 3808: 3795: 3782: 3769: 3672: 3671: 3670:សៀវភៅនេះថ្លៃណាស់ 3659: 3658: 3649:yes–no questions 3642: 3641: 3640:ខ្ញុំមិនចង់បានទេ 3630: 3627: 3626: 3599: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3538: 3537: 3527:secondary stress 3520: 3519: 3505:secondary stress 3473: 3472: 3452: 3448: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3403: 3395: 3389: 3375: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3341: 3335: 3330: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3284: 3278: 3270: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3241: 3225: 3188: 3172: 3166: 3156: 3150: 3142: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3104: 3098: 3092: 3086: 3081: 3065: 3059: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2997: 2991: 2985: 2979: 2973: 2968: 2952: 2946: 2938: 2932: 2924: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2890: 2882: 2876: 2871: 2855: 2849: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2785: 2779: 2774: 2756: 2750: 2744: 2738: 2732: 2726: 2720: 2714: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2673: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2567: 2566: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2521: 2511: 2501: 2491: 2481: 2471: 2461: 2451: 2441: 2431: 2421: 2411: 2401: 2385: 2381: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2306: 2299: 2292: 2280: 2273: 2266: 2254: 2247: 2240: 2228: 2221: 2214: 2202: 2198: 2191: 2184: 2169: 2160: 2130: 2123: 2116: 2107: 2098: 2089: 2071: 2056: 2047: 2031: 2022: 2013: 2004: 1995: 1986: 1970: 1961: 1952: 1943: 1934: 1925: 1870: 1866: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1780: 1768: 1753: 1742: 1736: 1714: 1705: 1688: 1679: 1663: 1651: 1641: 1619: 1613: 1604: 1598: 1591: 1582: 1572: 1566: 1556: 1550: 1540: 1534: 1524: 1518: 1511: 1495: 1486: 1477: 1468: 1427: 1426: 1405: 1398: 1391: 1282: 1263: 1262: 1230:French Indochina 1160: 1156: 1053: 1052: 1047: 1046: 1008:Phnom Penh Khmer 998:Central Thailand 983: 955: 925: 881:Sisaket Province 818:Pearic languages 663:Khmer of Vietnam 574:Eastern Thailand 551: 546: 536: 535: 528: 522: 521: 518: 517: 514: 511: 508: 505: 485: instead of 467: 466: 452: 447: 438: 423: 416: 396: 389: 380: 370: 369: 361: 351: 350: 342: 309: 307: 306: 296: 294: 293: 281:language in 270: 268: 267: 231: 178: 98: 92: 78: 72: 63: 57: 51: 50: 45: 44: 28: 27: 14496: 14495: 14491: 14490: 14489: 14487: 14486: 14485: 14436: 14435: 14434: 14429: 14428: 14399: 14373:Proto-Palaungic 14356: 14354:Proto-languages 14335: 14297: 14274: 14247: 14228: 14210: 14176: 14160: 14119: 14051: 14030: 14004: 13976: 13951: 13926: 13910: 13889: 13858: 13842: 13811: 13790: 13722: 13695: 13670: 13645: 13624: 13591: 13553: 13503: 13482: 13453: 13437: 13393: 13391:Khasi–Palaungic 13368: 13347: 13331: 13315: 13286: 13280: 13260: 13239: 13203: 13187: 13167: 13146: 13120: 13094: 13061: 13045: 13014: 12991: 12970: 12949: 12933: 12917: 12892: 12871: 12851: 12805: 12775: 12719: 12639: 12626: 12621: 12591: 12586: 12558: 12517: 12492: 12389: 12334: 12296: 12249: 12223: 12163: 12145: 12112: 12002: 11996: 11980: 11975: 11945: 11940: 11915: 11887: 11838: 11738: 11715: 11691: 11684: 11677: 11654: 11600: 11593: 11546: 11545: 11533: 11507: 11491: 11460: 11430: 11414: 11402: 11400: 11398: 11368: 11363: 11338: 11297: 11216: 11210: 11194: 11189: 11159: 11086: 11081: 10919:Wayback Machine 10885: 10883:Further reading 10880: 10871: 10869: 10860: 10859: 10855: 10846: 10844: 10835: 10834: 10827: 10804: 10800: 10790: 10788: 10784: 10773: 10759: 10755: 10744: 10737: 10730: 10712: 10708: 10702:Wayback Machine 10693: 10689: 10673: 10660: 10650: 10648: 10644: 10629: 10623: 10619: 10612: 10595: 10588: 10581: 10567: 10560: 10550: 10548: 10546: 10530: 10459: 10450: 10446: 10436: 10434: 10430: 10415: 10409: 10400: 10384: 10367: 10358: 10356: 10352: 10345: 10339: 10335: 10325: 10323: 10319: 10304: 10298: 10294: 10287: 10273: 10218: 10209: 10207: 10203: 10196: 10192: 10191: 10176: 10166: 10164: 10160: 10145: 10139: 10135: 10126: 10122: 10113: 10111: 10107: 10100: 10094: 10090: 10082: 10078: 10067: 10063: 10052: 10041: 10031: 10029: 10025: 10010: 10004: 9997: 9990: 9972: 9965: 9958: 9944: 9935: 9927: 9920: 9914: 9907: 9896: 9889: 9879: 9877: 9873: 9862: 9856: 9852: 9843: 9839: 9830: 9826: 9819: 9805: 9798: 9790: 9786: 9771: 9767: 9757: 9755: 9751: 9740: 9734: 9730: 9716:Wayback Machine 9705: 9684: 9665: 9661: 9652: 9645: 9635: 9633: 9629: 9606: 9600: 9596: 9589: 9575: 9571: 9561: 9559: 9555: 9541: 9537: 9531: 9520: 9516: 9510: 9499: 9495: 9479: 9475: 9466: 9462: 9453: 9446: 9436: 9434: 9419: 9415: 9409:Wayback Machine 9397: 9388: 9381: 9365: 9358: 9349: 9345: 9335: 9333: 9331:nckl.rac.gov.kh 9325: 9324: 9320: 9310: 9299: 9292: 9281: 9274: 9270: 9237: 9230: 9225:Cambodia portal 9223: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9197: 9180: 9146: 9144: 9036: 9030: 8941: 8888: 8766: 8758: 8572: 8550:Ordinal numbers 7763: 7757: 7732: 7724: 7714: 7706: 7698: 7690: 7680: 7672: 7661: 7651: 7643: 7635: 7627: 7619: 7570:relative clause 7558: 7553: 7543: 7535: 7527: 7519: 7511: 7503: 7487: 7482: 7472: 7464: 7456: 7448: 7440: 7422: 7412: 7404: 7396: 7386: 7378: 7370: 7361: 7351: 7341: 7333: 7325: 7316: 7306: 7298: 7290: 7280:for questions. 7266:Polar questions 7258: 7253: 7243: 7233: 7223: 7215: 7207: 7188: 7181: 7171: 7161: 7153: 7145: 7137: 7129: 7120: 7110: 7100: 7090: 7082: 7074: 7066: 7041: 7031: 7023: 7015: 7005: 6997: 6981: 6973:/kŏət tɨw haəj/ 6971: 6963: 6955: 6946: 6936: 6928: 6920: 6904: 6896: 6888:/kʰɲom ʔɑt cɨə/ 6886: 6878: 6868: 6857: 6847: 6837: 6829: 6819: 6808: 6798: 6790: 6742: 6732: 6724: 6716: 6707: 6697: 6689: 6681: 6673: 6664: 6654: 6646: 6638: 6630: 6622: 6614: 6604: 6596: 6572: 6562: 6554: 6546: 6538: 6530: 6513: 6508: 6498: 6490: 6476: 6468: 6451: 6435: 6419: 6403: 6387: 6371: 6355: 6339: 6322: 6306: 6290: 6274: 6258: 6242: 6225: 6209: 6193: 6177: 6161: 6145: 6128: 6112: 6096: 6080: 6064: 6048: 6032: 6011:) is expected. 5974: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5944: 5939: 5929: 5919: 5909: 5901: 5893: 5884: 5874: 5866: 5858: 5850: 5842: 5826: 5816: 5808: 5800: 5792: 5782: 5774: 5766: 5750: 5740: 5732: 5724: 5716: 5708: 5700: 5692: 5676: 5663: 5652: 5641: 5628: 5615: 5602: 5584:indirect object 5576: 5563: 5552: 5541: 5528: 5515: 5498: 5451: 5445: 5437: 5420: 5407: 5397: 5384: 5379: 5362: 5349: 5341: 5331: 5318: 5313: 5296: 5283: 5270: 5252: 5244: 5236:/ʔaɲcəɲ ʔɑŋkuj/ 5234: 5226: 5215: 5205: 5197: 5187: 5179: 5157: 5149: 5139: 5131: 5123: 5112: 5104:/kʰɲom ɲam ɓaj/ 5102: 5094: 5086: 5022: 5016: 5008: 4998: 4990: 4982: 4972: 4961: 4951: 4943: 4935: 4925: 4914: 4909:girl DEM pretty 4904: 4896: 4886: 4804: 4798: 4790: 4781: 4771: 4762: 4752: 4743: 4702: 4694: 4685: 4675: 4666: 4656: 4647: 4613: 4604: 4579: 4571: 4566:dog large large 4562: 4552: 4543: 4533: 4524: 4489:. There are no 4487:singular/plural 4475: 4470: 4461: 4454: 4446: 4438: 4429: 4422: 4414: 4403: 4394: 4387: 4379: 4372: 4364: 4356: 4347: 4340: 4332: 4325: 4317: 4286: 4284: 4280: 4279: 4275: 4273: 4269: 4268: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4225: 4221: 4219: 4215: 4214: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4169:"to extinguish" 4166: 4162: 4152: 4151:"to tear apart" 4148: 4144: 4140: 4075: 4070: 4057: 4044: 4031: 4018: 4005: 3992: 3979: 3966: 3953: 3940: 3927: 3914: 3901: 3888: 3875: 3862: 3849: 3836: 3823: 3810: 3797: 3784: 3771: 3706:auxiliary verbs 3686: 3680: 3606: 3551: 3545: 3483: 3447:/b/,/d/,/r/,/s/ 2534: 2314: 2307: 2300: 2293: 2281: 2274: 2267: 2255: 2248: 2241: 2229: 2222: 2215: 2203: 2192: 2185: 2170: 2161: 2117: 2108: 2099: 2090: 2072: 2057: 2048: 2032: 2023: 2014: 2005: 1996: 1987: 1971: 1962: 1953: 1944: 1935: 1926: 1853: 1818:/p/,/t/,/c/,/k/ 1767:/p/,/t/,/c/,/k/ 1754: 1743: 1715: 1701: 1689: 1675: 1664: 1653: 1642: 1620: 1605: 1589: 1583: 1574: 1558: 1542: 1526: 1509: 1496: 1487: 1478: 1469: 1425: 1409: 1261: 1118: 1108: 914: 912: 826: 787: 781: 773:inherent vowels 684:. There are no 549:[kʰmae] 526: 502: 498: 492: 491: 490: 477:Without proper 468: 464: 455: 454: 450: 434: 419: 418: 412: 392: 391: 385: 384: 376: 365: 364: 357: 346: 345: 338: 316: 315: 304: 302: 291: 289: 282: 280: 265: 263: 260: 253:Official status 248: 232: 227: 221: 200: 193: 179: 176:Language family 174: 164: 142: 93: 80: 52: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14494: 14484: 14483: 14478: 14473: 14468: 14463: 14458: 14453: 14448: 14446:Khmer language 14431: 14430: 14427: 14426: 14419: 14409: 14408: 14405: 14404: 14401: 14400: 14398: 14397: 14390: 14383: 14376: 14369: 14361: 14358: 14357: 14345: 14344: 14341: 14340: 14337: 14336: 14334: 14333: 14328: 14327: 14326: 14321: 14316: 14305: 14303: 14299: 14298: 14296: 14295: 14290: 14284: 14282: 14276: 14275: 14273: 14272: 14267: 14261: 14259: 14249: 14248: 14238: 14237: 14234: 14233: 14230: 14229: 14227: 14226: 14218: 14216: 14212: 14211: 14209: 14208: 14203: 14198: 14193: 14187: 14185: 14178: 14177: 14175: 14174: 14168: 14166: 14162: 14161: 14159: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14136: 14130: 14128: 14121: 14120: 14118: 14117: 14112: 14107: 14102: 14097: 14092: 14087: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14066: 14064: 14053: 14052: 14040: 14039: 14036: 14035: 14032: 14031: 14029: 14028: 14023: 14018: 14012: 14010: 14006: 14005: 14003: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13986: 13984: 13978: 13977: 13975: 13974: 13969: 13963: 13961: 13953: 13952: 13940: 13939: 13936: 13935: 13932: 13931: 13928: 13927: 13925: 13924: 13918: 13916: 13912: 13911: 13909: 13908: 13903: 13897: 13895: 13891: 13890: 13888: 13887: 13882: 13877: 13872: 13866: 13864: 13860: 13859: 13857: 13856: 13850: 13848: 13844: 13843: 13841: 13840: 13834: 13832: 13825: 13821: 13820: 13817: 13816: 13813: 13812: 13810: 13809: 13804: 13798: 13796: 13792: 13791: 13789: 13788: 13783: 13778: 13773: 13768: 13763: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13743: 13737: 13735: 13728: 13724: 13723: 13721: 13720: 13714: 13712: 13705: 13697: 13696: 13684: 13683: 13680: 13679: 13676: 13675: 13672: 13671: 13669: 13668: 13663: 13657: 13655: 13651: 13650: 13647: 13646: 13644: 13643: 13638: 13632: 13630: 13626: 13625: 13623: 13622: 13617: 13612: 13607: 13601: 13599: 13593: 13592: 13590: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13563: 13561: 13555: 13554: 13552: 13551: 13546: 13541: 13536: 13531: 13526: 13520: 13518: 13509: 13508:East Palaungic 13505: 13504: 13502: 13501: 13496: 13490: 13488: 13487:West Palaungic 13484: 13483: 13481: 13480: 13474: 13472: 13465: 13459: 13458: 13455: 13454: 13452: 13451: 13445: 13443: 13439: 13438: 13436: 13435: 13430: 13425: 13420: 13414: 13412: 13405: 13395: 13394: 13382: 13381: 13378: 13377: 13374: 13373: 13370: 13369: 13367: 13366: 13361: 13355: 13353: 13349: 13348: 13346: 13345: 13339: 13337: 13333: 13332: 13330: 13329: 13323: 13321: 13317: 13316: 13314: 13313: 13308: 13303: 13297: 13295: 13288: 13285:Western Pearic 13282: 13281: 13279: 13278: 13272: 13270: 13262: 13261: 13249: 13248: 13245: 13244: 13241: 13240: 13238: 13237: 13232: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13211: 13209: 13205: 13204: 13202: 13201: 13195: 13193: 13189: 13188: 13186: 13185: 13179: 13177: 13169: 13168: 13156: 13155: 13152: 13151: 13148: 13147: 13145: 13144: 13139: 13134: 13128: 13126: 13122: 13121: 13119: 13118: 13113: 13108: 13102: 13100: 13096: 13095: 13093: 13092: 13087: 13082: 13077: 13071: 13069: 13063: 13062: 13060: 13059: 13053: 13051: 13047: 13046: 13044: 13043: 13038: 13033: 13032: 13031: 13026: 13021: 13003: 13001: 12993: 12992: 12980: 12979: 12976: 12975: 12972: 12971: 12969: 12968: 12963: 12957: 12955: 12951: 12950: 12948: 12947: 12941: 12939: 12935: 12934: 12932: 12931: 12925: 12923: 12919: 12918: 12916: 12915: 12910: 12904: 12902: 12894: 12893: 12881: 12880: 12877: 12876: 12873: 12872: 12870: 12869: 12863: 12861: 12857: 12856: 12853: 12852: 12850: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12829: 12824: 12819: 12813: 12811: 12807: 12806: 12804: 12803: 12798: 12793: 12787: 12781: 12777: 12776: 12774: 12773: 12768: 12763: 12758: 12753: 12748: 12743: 12738: 12733: 12727: 12725: 12721: 12720: 12718: 12717: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12692: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12662: 12657: 12651: 12649: 12641: 12640: 12628: 12627: 12620: 12619: 12612: 12605: 12597: 12588: 12587: 12585: 12584: 12579: 12574: 12568: 12566: 12560: 12559: 12557: 12556: 12551: 12546: 12541: 12536: 12531: 12525: 12523: 12519: 12518: 12516: 12515: 12510: 12504: 12502: 12498: 12497: 12494: 12493: 12491: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12450: 12445: 12440: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12420: 12415: 12410: 12405: 12399: 12397: 12391: 12390: 12388: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12372: 12350: 12344: 12342: 12336: 12335: 12333: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12306: 12304: 12298: 12297: 12295: 12294: 12289: 12284: 12279: 12274: 12269: 12263: 12261: 12255: 12254: 12251: 12250: 12248: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12231: 12229: 12225: 12224: 12222: 12221: 12216: 12211: 12206: 12201: 12200: 12199: 12194: 12189: 12184: 12173: 12171: 12165: 12164: 12162: 12161: 12155: 12153: 12147: 12146: 12144: 12143: 12138: 12133: 12128: 12122: 12120: 12114: 12113: 12111: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12060: 12055: 12050: 12045: 12040: 12035: 12030: 12024: 12022: 12013: 12004: 11998: 11997: 11995: 11994: 11988: 11986: 11982: 11981: 11974: 11973: 11966: 11959: 11951: 11942: 11941: 11939: 11938: 11933: 11927: 11925: 11924:Sign languages 11921: 11920: 11917: 11916: 11914: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11897: 11895: 11889: 11888: 11886: 11885: 11880: 11875: 11870: 11865: 11859: 11857: 11848: 11847:Non-Indigenous 11844: 11843: 11840: 11839: 11837: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11800: 11799: 11794: 11789: 11784: 11779: 11774: 11764: 11759: 11754: 11748: 11746: 11740: 11739: 11737: 11736: 11731: 11725: 11723: 11717: 11716: 11714: 11713: 11708: 11703: 11698: 11697: 11696: 11689: 11682: 11670: 11664: 11662: 11656: 11655: 11653: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11606: 11605: 11598: 11586: 11581: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11560: 11558: 11549: 11539: 11538: 11535: 11534: 11532: 11531: 11526: 11521: 11515: 11513: 11509: 11508: 11506: 11505: 11499: 11497: 11493: 11492: 11490: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11468: 11466: 11462: 11461: 11459: 11458: 11453: 11447: 11445: 11438: 11432: 11431: 11429: 11428: 11422: 11420: 11416: 11415: 11397: 11396: 11389: 11382: 11374: 11365: 11364: 11362: 11361: 11356: 11350: 11348: 11344: 11343: 11340: 11339: 11337: 11336: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11305: 11303: 11299: 11298: 11296: 11295: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11229: 11227: 11218: 11212: 11211: 11209: 11208: 11202: 11200: 11196: 11195: 11188: 11187: 11180: 11173: 11165: 11155: 11154: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11112: 11102: 11097: 11085: 11084:External links 11082: 11080: 11079: 11065: 11051: 11034: 11027: 11013: 10999: 10981: 10967: 10953: 10950: 10936: 10922: 10908: 10894: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10878: 10853: 10825: 10798: 10753: 10735: 10729:978-9027276971 10728: 10706: 10687: 10658: 10617: 10610: 10586: 10580:978-0197135563 10579: 10558: 10545:978-9027238160 10544: 10457: 10444: 10398: 10365: 10333: 10292: 10286:978-0877275213 10285: 10216: 10174: 10133: 10120: 10088: 10076: 10061: 10039: 9995: 9989:978-0813309262 9988: 9963: 9956: 9933: 9905: 9887: 9850: 9837: 9824: 9817: 9796: 9784: 9765: 9728: 9682: 9659: 9643: 9617:(2): 181–201. 9594: 9587: 9569: 9535: 9522:Northern Khmer 9514: 9493: 9473: 9460: 9444: 9413: 9386: 9379: 9356: 9343: 9318: 9301:Northern Khmer 9271: 9269: 9266: 9265: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9243: 9242: 9228: 9212: 9209: 9206: 9205: 9199: 9198:transcription 9193: 9192: 9182: 9176: 9175: 9168: 9143: 9140: 9137: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9123: 9109: 9108: 9107:'grandfather' 9105: 9103: 9095: 9055:Pallava script 9032:Main article: 9029: 9028:Writing system 9026: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9013: 9006: 9004: 8997: 8990: 8987: 8967: 8947: 8943: 8942: 8939: 8926: 8912: 8909: 8895: 8880: 8877: 8864: 8851: 8847: 8846: 8844: 8837: 8830: 8828: 8821: 8818:ព្រះតេជព្រះគុណ 8814: 8812: 8805: 8802:ខ្ញុំព្រះករុណា 8798: 8794: 8793: 8791: 8784: 8777: 8775: 8768: 8759: 8756: 8743: 8730: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8716: 8709: 8707: 8700: 8693: 8691: 8684: 8677: 8673: 8672: 8670: 8663: 8656: 8654: 8647: 8640: 8638: 8631: 8624: 8620: 8619: 8616: 8613: 8610: 8571: 8568: 8518:(100,000) and 8458: 8457: 8450: 8445: 8438: 8431: 8428: 8421: 8416: 8409: 8402: 8398: 8397: 8390: 8385: 8378: 8371: 8368: 8361: 8356: 8349: 8342: 8338: 8337: 8330: 8325: 8318: 8311: 8308: 8301: 8296: 8289: 8282: 8278: 8277: 8270: 8265: 8258: 8251: 8248: 8241: 8232: 8225: 8218: 8214: 8213: 8206: 8201: 8194: 8187: 8184: 8177: 8172: 8165: 8158: 8154: 8153: 8146: 8141: 8134: 8127: 8124: 8117: 8112: 8105: 8098: 8094: 8093: 8086: 8081: 8074: 8067: 8064: 8057: 8052: 8045: 8038: 8034: 8033: 8026: 8021: 8014: 8007: 8004: 7997: 7992: 7985: 7978: 7974: 7973: 7966: 7957: 7950: 7943: 7940: 7933: 7928: 7921: 7914: 7910: 7909: 7907: 7905: 7903: 7901: 7899: 7892: 7887: 7880: 7873: 7869: 7868: 7866: 7864: 7862: 7860: 7858: 7851: 7846: 7839: 7832: 7828: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7814: 7809: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7793: 7788: 7772:Khmer numerals 7761:Khmer numerals 7759:Main article: 7756: 7753: 7729: 7728: 7707: 7699: 7691: 7681: 7673: 7665: 7664: 7662: 7644: 7636: 7628: 7620: 7612: 7611: 7606: 7557: 7554: 7536: 7528: 7520: 7512: 7504: 7496: 7495: 7486: 7483: 7465: 7457: 7449: 7441: 7431: 7430: 7405: 7397: 7387: 7379: 7371: 7363: 7362: 7342: 7334: 7326: 7318: 7317: 7308:/loːk tɨw naː/ 7299: 7291: 7283: 7282: 7262:question words 7257: 7254: 7234: 7224: 7216: 7208: 7198: 7197: 7162: 7154: 7146: 7138: 7130: 7122: 7121: 7101: 7091: 7083: 7075: 7067: 7057: 7056: 7024: 7016: 7006: 6998: 6990: 6989: 6976:he {to go} pfv 6964: 6956: 6948: 6947: 6929: 6921: 6913: 6912: 6901: 6900: 6879: 6869: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6838: 6830: 6820: 6812: 6811: 6809: 6803:I {to believe} 6791: 6783: 6782: 6777: 6725: 6717: 6709: 6708: 6690: 6682: 6674: 6666: 6665: 6647: 6639: 6631: 6623: 6615: 6605: 6597: 6589: 6588: 6555: 6547: 6539: 6531: 6523: 6522: 6512: 6509: 6491: 6477: 6469: 6461: 6460: 6420: 6404: 6388: 6372: 6356: 6340: 6324: 6323: 6291: 6275: 6259: 6243: 6227: 6226: 6194: 6178: 6162: 6146: 6130: 6129: 6097: 6081: 6065: 6049: 6033: 6017: 6016: 5981: 5980: 5943: 5940: 5920: 5910: 5902: 5894: 5886: 5885: 5867: 5859: 5851: 5843: 5835: 5834: 5809: 5801: 5793: 5783: 5775: 5767: 5759: 5758: 5733: 5725: 5717: 5709: 5701: 5693: 5685: 5684: 5653: 5642: 5629: 5616: 5603: 5590: 5589: 5553: 5542: 5529: 5516: 5503: 5502: 5497: 5494: 5450: 5447: 5442: 5441: 5408: 5398: 5390: 5389: 5388: 5387: 5380: 5350: 5342: 5332: 5324: 5323: 5322: 5321: 5314: 5311:"handsome boy" 5284: 5276: 5275: 5274: 5273: 5263: 5249: 5248: 5227: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5198: 5188: 5180: 5172: 5171: 5166: 5154: 5153: 5132: 5124: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5095: 5087: 5079: 5078: 5073: 5021: 5018: 5013: 5012: 4991: 4983: 4973: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4944: 4936: 4926: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4897: 4887: 4879: 4878: 4873: 4811:demonstratives 4803: 4800: 4795: 4794: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4747:NMLZ {to live} 4737: 4736: 4731: 4725:nominalization 4699: 4698: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4641: 4640: 4635: 4596: 4595: 4576: 4575: 4556: 4555: 4553: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4518: 4517: 4512: 4474: 4471: 4455: 4447: 4440: 4439: 4423: 4415: 4408: 4407: 4388: 4380: 4373: 4365: 4358: 4357: 4341: 4333: 4326: 4318: 4311: 4310: 4289: 4288: 4281: 4277: 4270: 4266: 4265:nominalization 4263: 4259: 4258: 4253: 4250: 4245: 4242: 4239: 4235: 4234: 4227: 4223: 4216: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4199: 4196: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4181: 4180: 4177:"extinguished" 4175: 4172: 4167: 4164: 4163:nominalization 4159: 4155: 4154: 4149: 4146: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4131: 4130: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4074: 4071: 4045: 4032: 4019: 4006: 3993: 3980: 3967: 3954: 3941: 3928: 3915: 3902: 3889: 3876: 3863: 3850: 3837: 3824: 3811: 3798: 3785: 3772: 3759: 3758: 3682:Main article: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3674: 3662: 3661: 3645: 3644: 3611:often conveys 3605: 3602: 3563:breathy voiced 3544: 3541: 3501:sesquisyllabic 3482: 3479: 3462:minor syllable 3455:Northern Khmer 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3399: 3397: 3391: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3361: 3355: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3337: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3308: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3280: 3274: 3272: 3266: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3168: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3144: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3031: 3025: 3019: 3013: 3007: 3001: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2948: 2942: 2940: 2934: 2928: 2926: 2920: 2918: 2912: 2906: 2900: 2894: 2892: 2886: 2884: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2851: 2845: 2843: 2837: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2752: 2746: 2740: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2708: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2533: 2530: 2523: 2522: 2517: 2513: 2512: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2483: 2482: 2477: 2473: 2472: 2467: 2463: 2462: 2457: 2453: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2422: 2417: 2413: 2412: 2407: 2403: 2402: 2397: 2393: 2392: 2389: 2310: 2309: 2302: 2295: 2288: 2287:close opening 2284: 2283: 2276: 2269: 2262: 2258: 2257: 2250: 2243: 2236: 2232: 2231: 2224: 2217: 2210: 2206: 2205: 2194: 2187: 2180: 2177: 2173: 2172: 2165: 2163: 2156: 2153: 2149: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2120: 2119: 2110: 2101: 2092: 2083: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2050: 2041: 2035: 2034: 2025: 2016: 2007: 1998: 1989: 1980: 1974: 1973: 1964: 1955: 1946: 1937: 1928: 1919: 1913: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1895: 1889: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1852: 1849: 1761: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1747: 1745: 1730: 1724: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1708: 1706: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1682: 1680: 1673: 1667: 1666: 1657: 1655: 1644: 1635: 1633: 1627: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1607: 1592: 1586: 1585: 1576: 1560: 1544: 1528: 1512: 1507: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1489: 1480: 1471: 1462: 1456: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1424: 1421: 1411: 1410: 1408: 1407: 1400: 1393: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1361: 1360: 1356: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1341:Northern Khmer 1338: 1330: 1329: 1325: 1324: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1289: 1288: 1284: 1283: 1275: 1274: 1272:Khmer language 1268: 1267: 1260: 1257: 1213: 1212: 1209: 1205: 1204: 1201: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1177:Before 600 CE 1175: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1107: 1104: 1064:Southern Khmer 1002:vocal register 965:the Great for 947:Northern Khmer 932:Standard Khmer 911: 910: 909: 908: 907: 906: 903: 899:Central Khmer 897: 888: 865:Surin province 825: 822: 783:Main article: 780: 779:Classification 777: 765:Pallava script 749:minor syllable 741:tonal language 481:, you may see 469: 462: 461: 460: 457: 456: 449: 448: 440: 439: 432: 426: 425: 417: Khmeric 410: 402: 401: 399:Northern Khmer 381: 373: 372: 362: 354: 353: 343: 335: 334: 333:Language codes 330: 329: 324: 318: 317: 314: 313: 300: 286: 285: 283: 278: 275: 274: 261: 258: 255: 254: 250: 249: 247: 246: 241: 235: 233: 229:Writing system 226: 223: 222: 220: 219: 218: 217: 203: 201: 198: 195: 194: 192: 191: 182: 180: 173: 170: 169: 158: 154: 153: 148: 144: 143: 141: 140: 126: 112: 106: 104: 103:Native to 100: 99: 86: 82: 81: 73: 65: 64: 38: 37: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14493: 14482: 14479: 14477: 14474: 14472: 14469: 14467: 14464: 14462: 14459: 14457: 14454: 14452: 14449: 14447: 14444: 14443: 14441: 14424: 14420: 14418: 14414: 14411: 14410: 14406: 14396: 14395: 14391: 14389: 14388: 14384: 14382: 14381: 14380:Proto-Khmeric 14377: 14375: 14374: 14370: 14368: 14367: 14363: 14362: 14359: 14355: 14350: 14346: 14332: 14329: 14325: 14322: 14320: 14317: 14315: 14312: 14311: 14310: 14307: 14306: 14304: 14300: 14294: 14293:Bugan (Pakan) 14291: 14289: 14286: 14285: 14283: 14281: 14277: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14262: 14260: 14258: 14254: 14250: 14243: 14239: 14225: 14224: 14220: 14219: 14217: 14213: 14207: 14204: 14202: 14199: 14197: 14194: 14192: 14189: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14179: 14173: 14170: 14169: 14167: 14163: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14141: 14137: 14135: 14132: 14131: 14129: 14126: 14122: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14067: 14065: 14062: 14058: 14054: 14050: 14045: 14041: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14013: 14011: 14007: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13987: 13985: 13983: 13979: 13973: 13970: 13968: 13965: 13964: 13962: 13960:Chaura-Teresa 13958: 13954: 13950: 13945: 13941: 13923: 13920: 13919: 13917: 13913: 13907: 13904: 13902: 13899: 13898: 13896: 13892: 13886: 13883: 13881: 13878: 13876: 13873: 13871: 13868: 13867: 13865: 13861: 13855: 13852: 13851: 13849: 13845: 13839: 13836: 13835: 13833: 13829: 13826: 13822: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13799: 13797: 13793: 13787: 13784: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13774: 13772: 13769: 13767: 13764: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13739: 13738: 13736: 13732: 13729: 13725: 13719: 13716: 13715: 13713: 13709: 13706: 13702: 13698: 13694: 13689: 13685: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13658: 13656: 13652: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13634: 13633: 13631: 13627: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13602: 13600: 13598: 13594: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13564: 13562: 13560: 13556: 13550: 13547: 13545: 13542: 13540: 13537: 13535: 13532: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13522: 13521: 13519: 13517: 13513: 13510: 13506: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13492: 13491: 13489: 13485: 13479: 13476: 13475: 13473: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13460: 13450: 13447: 13446: 13444: 13440: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13415: 13413: 13409: 13406: 13404: 13400: 13396: 13392: 13387: 13383: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13357: 13356: 13354: 13350: 13344: 13341: 13340: 13338: 13334: 13328: 13327:Western Chong 13325: 13324: 13322: 13318: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13302: 13301:Central Chong 13299: 13298: 13296: 13292: 13289: 13283: 13277: 13274: 13273: 13271: 13267: 13263: 13259: 13254: 13250: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13212: 13210: 13206: 13200: 13197: 13196: 13194: 13190: 13184: 13181: 13180: 13178: 13174: 13170: 13166: 13161: 13157: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13129: 13127: 13123: 13117: 13114: 13112: 13109: 13107: 13104: 13103: 13101: 13097: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13072: 13070: 13068: 13064: 13058: 13055: 13054: 13052: 13048: 13042: 13039: 13037: 13034: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13022: 13018: 13013: 13010: 13009: 13008: 13005: 13004: 13002: 12998: 12994: 12990: 12985: 12981: 12967: 12964: 12962: 12959: 12958: 12956: 12952: 12946: 12943: 12942: 12940: 12936: 12930: 12927: 12926: 12924: 12920: 12914: 12911: 12909: 12906: 12905: 12903: 12899: 12895: 12891: 12886: 12882: 12868: 12865: 12864: 12862: 12858: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12814: 12812: 12808: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12792: 12789: 12788: 12785: 12782: 12778: 12772: 12769: 12767: 12764: 12762: 12759: 12757: 12754: 12752: 12749: 12747: 12744: 12742: 12739: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12728: 12726: 12722: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12653: 12652: 12650: 12646: 12642: 12638: 12633: 12629: 12625: 12618: 12613: 12611: 12606: 12604: 12599: 12598: 12595: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12569: 12567: 12565: 12561: 12555: 12552: 12550: 12547: 12545: 12542: 12540: 12537: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12526: 12524: 12520: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12505: 12503: 12499: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12463:Tai Hang Tong 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12404: 12401: 12400: 12398: 12396: 12392: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12370: 12366: 12362: 12358: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12346: 12345: 12343: 12341: 12337: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12307: 12305: 12303: 12299: 12293: 12290: 12288: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12275: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12265: 12264: 12262: 12260: 12256: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12232: 12230: 12226: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12212: 12210: 12207: 12205: 12202: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12179: 12178: 12175: 12174: 12172: 12170: 12166: 12160: 12157: 12156: 12154: 12152: 12148: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12123: 12121: 12119: 12115: 12109: 12106: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12054: 12051: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12041: 12039: 12036: 12034: 12031: 12029: 12026: 12025: 12023: 12021: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12011:Austroasiatic 12008: 12005: 11999: 11993: 11990: 11989: 11987: 11983: 11979: 11972: 11967: 11965: 11960: 11958: 11953: 11952: 11949: 11937: 11936:Ban Khor Sign 11934: 11932: 11929: 11928: 11926: 11922: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11898: 11896: 11894: 11890: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11869: 11866: 11864: 11861: 11860: 11858: 11856: 11852: 11849: 11845: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11769: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11749: 11747: 11745: 11741: 11735: 11732: 11730: 11727: 11726: 11724: 11722: 11718: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11694: 11690: 11687: 11686:Pattani Malay 11683: 11680: 11679:Bangkok Malay 11676: 11675: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11665: 11663: 11661: 11657: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11603: 11599: 11596: 11592: 11591: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11561: 11559: 11557: 11556:Austroasiatic 11553: 11550: 11544: 11540: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11516: 11514: 11510: 11504: 11503:Southern Thai 11501: 11500: 11498: 11494: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11472:Northern Thai 11470: 11469: 11467: 11463: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11448: 11446: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11433: 11427: 11424: 11423: 11421: 11417: 11413: 11409: 11395: 11390: 11388: 11383: 11381: 11376: 11375: 11372: 11360: 11357: 11355: 11352: 11351: 11349: 11345: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11306: 11304: 11300: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11230: 11228: 11226: 11222: 11219: 11213: 11207: 11204: 11203: 11201: 11197: 11193: 11186: 11181: 11179: 11174: 11172: 11167: 11166: 11163: 11158: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11138: 11137: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11120: 11116: 11113: 11110: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11095: 11091: 11088: 11087: 11078: 11077:974-88670-2-1 11074: 11070: 11066: 11064: 11063:0-8248-2849-6 11060: 11056: 11052: 11050: 11049:0-415-10006-2 11046: 11042: 11038: 11035: 11032: 11028: 11026: 11025:0-315-75016-2 11022: 11018: 11014: 11012: 11011:0-7103-0514-1 11008: 11004: 11000: 10998: 10997:0-7286-0218-0 10994: 10990: 10986: 10982: 10980: 10979:0-19-713612-5 10976: 10972: 10968: 10966: 10965:0-19-713574-9 10962: 10958: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10948:0-300-01199-7 10945: 10941: 10937: 10935: 10934:0-300-01315-9 10931: 10927: 10923: 10920: 10916: 10913: 10909: 10907: 10906:0-8132-0509-3 10903: 10899: 10895: 10892: 10888: 10887: 10868:on 2011-10-27 10867: 10863: 10857: 10843:on 2012-02-13 10842: 10838: 10832: 10830: 10821: 10817: 10813: 10809: 10802: 10783: 10779: 10772: 10770: 10766: 10757: 10749: 10742: 10740: 10731: 10725: 10721: 10717: 10710: 10703: 10699: 10696: 10691: 10685: 10684:0-300-01315-9 10681: 10677: 10671: 10669: 10667: 10665: 10663: 10643: 10639: 10635: 10628: 10621: 10613: 10607: 10603: 10599: 10593: 10591: 10582: 10576: 10572: 10565: 10563: 10547: 10541: 10537: 10536: 10528: 10526: 10524: 10522: 10520: 10518: 10516: 10514: 10512: 10510: 10508: 10506: 10504: 10502: 10500: 10498: 10496: 10494: 10492: 10490: 10488: 10486: 10484: 10482: 10480: 10478: 10476: 10474: 10472: 10470: 10468: 10466: 10464: 10462: 10454: 10448: 10429: 10425: 10421: 10414: 10407: 10405: 10403: 10396: 10395:0-8132-0509-3 10392: 10388: 10382: 10380: 10378: 10376: 10374: 10372: 10370: 10351: 10344: 10337: 10318: 10314: 10310: 10303: 10296: 10288: 10282: 10278: 10271: 10269: 10267: 10265: 10263: 10261: 10259: 10257: 10255: 10253: 10251: 10249: 10247: 10245: 10243: 10241: 10239: 10237: 10235: 10233: 10231: 10229: 10227: 10225: 10223: 10221: 10206:on 2012-06-19 10202: 10195: 10189: 10187: 10185: 10183: 10181: 10179: 10159: 10156:(19): 27–34. 10155: 10151: 10144: 10137: 10130: 10124: 10106: 10099: 10092: 10085: 10080: 10072: 10065: 10057: 10050: 10048: 10046: 10044: 10024: 10020: 10016: 10009: 10002: 10000: 9991: 9985: 9980: 9979: 9970: 9968: 9959: 9953: 9949: 9942: 9940: 9938: 9926: 9919: 9912: 9910: 9902: 9901: 9894: 9892: 9872: 9868: 9861: 9854: 9847: 9841: 9834: 9828: 9820: 9814: 9810: 9803: 9801: 9793: 9788: 9780: 9776: 9769: 9750: 9746: 9739: 9732: 9726: 9725:0-300-01314-0 9722: 9718: 9717: 9713: 9710: 9703: 9701: 9699: 9697: 9695: 9693: 9691: 9689: 9687: 9678: 9674: 9670: 9663: 9656: 9650: 9648: 9628: 9624: 9620: 9616: 9612: 9605: 9598: 9590: 9584: 9580: 9573: 9558:on 2011-01-19 9554: 9550: 9549:Mon-Khmer.com 9546: 9539: 9529: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9508: 9507: 9502: 9501:Central Khmer 9497: 9491: 9490:0-85883-570-3 9487: 9483: 9477: 9470: 9464: 9457: 9451: 9449: 9432: 9428: 9424: 9417: 9410: 9406: 9403: 9402: 9395: 9393: 9391: 9382: 9376: 9373:. Routledge. 9372: 9371: 9363: 9361: 9353: 9347: 9332: 9328: 9322: 9314: 9308: 9307: 9302: 9296: 9290: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9277: 9272: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9244: 9240: 9234: 9229: 9226: 9215: 9200: 9195: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9183: 9181:romanization 9178: 9177: 9169: 9166: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9134: 9132: 9124: 9111: 9110: 9106: 9104: 9096: 9083: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9071: 9069: 9065: 9061: 9056: 9052: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9021: 9018: 9014: 9007: 9005: 9002: 8998: 8991: 8988: 8984: 8978: 8972: 8968: 8948: 8945: 8944: 8940: 8937: 8931: 8927: 8913: 8910: 8906: 8902:(to female), 8900: 8896: 8881: 8878: 8875: 8869: 8865: 8852: 8849: 8848: 8845: 8842: 8838: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8822: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8806: 8799: 8796: 8795: 8792: 8789: 8785: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8769: 8760: 8757: 8754: 8748: 8744: 8731: 8728: 8727: 8724: 8721: 8717: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8701: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8685: 8678: 8675: 8674: 8671: 8668: 8664: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8648: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8632: 8625: 8622: 8621: 8608: 8607: 8604: 8577: 8567: 8561: 8551: 8547: 8541: 8527: 8513: 8499: 8485: 8471: 8455: 8451: 8446: 8439: 8432: 8429: 8426: 8422: 8417: 8410: 8403: 8400: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8386: 8379: 8372: 8369: 8366: 8362: 8357: 8350: 8343: 8340: 8339: 8335: 8331: 8326: 8319: 8312: 8309: 8306: 8302: 8297: 8290: 8283: 8280: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8266: 8259: 8252: 8249: 8246: 8242: 8233: 8226: 8219: 8216: 8215: 8211: 8207: 8202: 8195: 8188: 8185: 8182: 8178: 8173: 8166: 8159: 8156: 8155: 8151: 8147: 8142: 8135: 8128: 8125: 8122: 8118: 8113: 8106: 8099: 8096: 8095: 8091: 8087: 8082: 8075: 8068: 8065: 8062: 8058: 8053: 8046: 8039: 8036: 8035: 8031: 8027: 8022: 8015: 8008: 8005: 8002: 7998: 7993: 7986: 7979: 7976: 7975: 7971: 7967: 7958: 7951: 7944: 7941: 7938: 7934: 7929: 7922: 7915: 7912: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7893: 7888: 7881: 7874: 7871: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7863: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7852: 7847: 7840: 7833: 7830: 7829: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7786: 7785: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7773: 7768: 7762: 7752: 7743:("because"), 7727: 7723: 7720: 7717: 7713: 7710: 7705: 7702: 7697: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7676: 7671: 7668: 7663: 7660: 7657: 7654: 7650: 7647: 7642: 7639: 7634: 7631: 7626: 7623: 7618: 7615: 7610: 7609: 7604: 7597: 7575: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7556:Clause syntax 7552: 7549: 7546: 7542: 7539: 7534: 7531: 7526: 7523: 7518: 7515: 7510: 7507: 7502: 7499: 7494: 7485:Passive voice 7481: 7478: 7475: 7471: 7468: 7463: 7460: 7455: 7452: 7447: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7421: 7418: 7415: 7411: 7408: 7403: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7382: 7377: 7374: 7369: 7366: 7360: 7357: 7354: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7337: 7332: 7329: 7324: 7321: 7315: 7312: 7309: 7305: 7302: 7297: 7294: 7289: 7286: 7281: 7279: 7275: 7274:Tag questions 7267: 7263: 7252: 7249: 7246: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7219: 7214: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7180: 7177: 7174: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7157: 7152: 7149: 7144: 7141: 7136: 7133: 7128: 7125: 7119: 7116: 7113: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7086: 7081: 7078: 7073: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7053: 7045: 7040: 7037: 7034: 7030: 7027: 7022: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 7001: 6996: 6993: 6988: 6980: 6977: 6974: 6970: 6967: 6962: 6959: 6954: 6951: 6945: 6942: 6939: 6935: 6932: 6927: 6924: 6919: 6916: 6911: 6899: 6895: 6892: 6889: 6885: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6864: 6859: 6856: 6853: 6850: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6815: 6810: 6807: 6804: 6801: 6797: 6794: 6789: 6786: 6781: 6780: 6775: 6774:before them. 6746: 6741: 6738: 6737:to exist plan 6735: 6731: 6728: 6723: 6720: 6715: 6712: 6706: 6703: 6700: 6696: 6693: 6688: 6685: 6680: 6677: 6672: 6669: 6663: 6660: 6657: 6653: 6650: 6645: 6642: 6637: 6634: 6629: 6626: 6621: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6600: 6595: 6592: 6587: 6571: 6568: 6565: 6561: 6558: 6553: 6550: 6545: 6542: 6537: 6534: 6529: 6526: 6521: 6507: 6504: 6501: 6497: 6494: 6489: 6480: 6475: 6472: 6467: 6464: 6459: 6450: 6447: 6444: 6441: 6438: 6434: 6429: 6426: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6410: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6394: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6378: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6362: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6346: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6330: 6327: 6321: 6318: 6315: 6312: 6309: 6305: 6300: 6297: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6281: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6265: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6249: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6233: 6230: 6224: 6221: 6218: 6215: 6212: 6208: 6203: 6200: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6184: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6168: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6152: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6136: 6133: 6127: 6124: 6121: 6118: 6115: 6111: 6106: 6103: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6071: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6055: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6039: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6023: 6020: 6015: 6012: 6005: 5986: 5977: 5976:Demonstrative 5949: 5948: 5947: 5938: 5935: 5932: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5905: 5900: 5897: 5892: 5889: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5873: 5870: 5865: 5862: 5857: 5854: 5849: 5846: 5841: 5838: 5833: 5831: 5830:topic–comment 5825: 5822: 5819: 5815: 5812: 5807: 5804: 5799: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5778: 5773: 5770: 5765: 5762: 5757: 5749: 5746: 5743: 5739: 5736: 5731: 5728: 5723: 5720: 5715: 5712: 5707: 5704: 5699: 5696: 5691: 5688: 5683: 5675: 5672: 5669: 5666: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5651: 5648: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5593: 5588: 5585: 5581: 5580:direct object 5575: 5572: 5569: 5566: 5562: 5559: 5556: 5551: 5548: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5506: 5501: 5493: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5478: 5476: 5472: 5471:interrogative 5468: 5464: 5460: 5455: 5440: 5436: 5433: 5432: 5427: 5425: 5419: 5418: 5414: 5412: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5393: 5383: 5382: 5381: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5369: 5367: 5361: 5360: 5356: 5354: 5348: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5327: 5317: 5316: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5308: 5303: 5301: 5295: 5294: 5290: 5288: 5282: 5279: 5269: 5268: 5267: 5266: 5261: 5259: 5247: 5243: 5242:"Please sit." 5240: 5237: 5233: 5230: 5225: 5222: 5217: 5214: 5211: 5208: 5204: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5183: 5178: 5175: 5170: 5169: 5164: 5162: 5152: 5148: 5145: 5142: 5138: 5135: 5130: 5127: 5122: 5119: 5114: 5111: 5110:"I eat rice." 5108: 5105: 5101: 5098: 5093: 5090: 5085: 5082: 5077: 5076: 5071: 5069: 5068:direct object 5065: 5061: 5059: 5054: 5052: 5048: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5011: 5007: 5004: 5001: 4997: 4994: 4989: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4968: 4963: 4960: 4957: 4954: 4950: 4947: 4942: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4921: 4916: 4913: 4910: 4907: 4903: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4882: 4877: 4876: 4871: 4869: 4865: 4864:reduplication 4848: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4821: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4793: 4789: 4786: 4783: 4780: 4777: 4773: 4770: 4769:' lying down' 4767: 4764: 4761: 4758: 4754: 4751: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4735: 4734: 4729: 4726: 4721: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4697: 4693: 4690: 4687: 4684: 4681: 4677: 4674: 4671: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4643: 4639: 4638: 4633: 4612: 4611:"two pencils" 4609: 4606: 4603: 4598: 4594: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4574: 4570: 4567: 4564: 4561: 4558: 4554: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4542: 4539: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4516: 4515: 4510: 4508: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4460: 4457: 4453: 4450: 4445: 4442: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4428: 4425: 4421: 4418: 4413: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4393: 4390: 4386: 4383: 4378: 4375: 4371: 4368: 4363: 4360: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4346: 4343: 4339: 4336: 4331: 4328: 4324: 4321: 4316: 4313: 4309: 4306: 4303: 4302:reduplication 4299: 4295: 4285:"information" 4282: 4278: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4254: 4251: 4247:"to be clean" 4246: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4228: 4224: 4217: 4213: 4210: 4208:prefixed , , 4207: 4206: 4203:"to compare" 4200: 4197: 4192: 4189: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4176: 4173: 4168: 4165: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4150: 4147: 4143:"broke, torn" 4142: 4139: 4136: 4133: 4132: 4128: 4125: 4122: 4119: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4084: 4080: 4069: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4056: 4051: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3762: 3757: 3755: 3751: 3750:Henri Maspero 3747: 3743: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3732:Topic-Comment 3729: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3685: 3684:Khmer grammar 3667: 3666: 3665: 3654: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3637: 3636: 3635: 3632: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3601: 3595: 3591: 3586: 3584: 3564: 3560: 3559:Western Khmer 3556: 3550: 3540: 3531: 3528: 3522: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3478: 3476: 3467: 3463: 3458: 3456: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3431: 3417: 3414:Slight vowel 3408: 3406: 3400: 3398: 3392: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3338: 3332: 3327: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3281: 3275: 3273: 3267: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3238: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3153: 3147: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3127: 3121: 3115: 3109: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3089: 3083: 3078: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3014: 3008: 3002: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2982: 2976: 2970: 2965: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2949: 2943: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2927: 2921: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2893: 2887: 2885: 2879: 2873: 2868: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2852: 2846: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2771: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2735: 2729: 2723: 2717: 2711: 2709: 2703: 2697: 2691: 2685: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2670: 2669: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2543: 2539: 2529: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2508: 2505: 2504: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2488: 2485: 2484: 2478: 2475: 2474: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2448: 2445: 2444: 2438: 2435: 2434: 2428: 2425: 2424: 2418: 2415: 2414: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2398: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2388:Khmer Vowels 2387: 2386: 2380: 2318: 2303: 2296: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2277: 2270: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2251: 2244: 2237: 2235:open closing 2234: 2233: 2225: 2218: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2195: 2188: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2166: 2164: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2093: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2070: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2036: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1994: 1990: 1985: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1956: 1951: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1871: 1861: 1857: 1848: 1846: 1825: 1823: 1806: 1804: 1799: 1784: 1776: 1772: 1759: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1746: 1741: 1735: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1700: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1687: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1662: 1658: 1656: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1618: 1612: 1608: 1603: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1587: 1581: 1571: 1565: 1561: 1555: 1549: 1545: 1539: 1533: 1529: 1523: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1472: 1467: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1420: 1418: 1406: 1401: 1399: 1394: 1392: 1387: 1386: 1384: 1383: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1367:Proto-Khmeric 1365: 1364: 1363: 1362: 1358: 1357: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1346:Western Khmer 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1332: 1331: 1327: 1326: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1286: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1265: 1264: 1256: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1211:1800–present 1210: 1208:Modern Khmer 1207: 1206: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1184: 1181: 1180: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1169: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1137: 1135: 1130: 1122: 1117: 1113: 1103: 1101: 1098:districts in 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1060: 1055: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 990: 989:Western Khmer 985: 979: 975: 970: 968: 964: 960: 954: 949: 948: 943: 941: 940:Central Plain 937: 936:Central Khmer 933: 904: 901: 900: 898: 895: 894: 893: 890: 889: 887: 884: 883:in Thailand. 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 849: 847: 843: 839: 830: 821: 819: 815: 811: 806: 804: 800: 796: 792: 791:Austroasiatic 786: 776: 774: 770: 766: 762: 761:Brahmi script 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 721: 719: 718:topic-comment 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 674: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 647: 645: 641: 637: 633: 632:Central Khmer 628: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 597: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 550: 545: 540: 530: 529: 520: 496: 488: 484: 480: 476: 474: 446: 441: 437: 433: 431: 427: 422: 415: 411: 409: 408: 403: 400: 397: – 395: 388: 382: 379: 374: 371:Central Khmer 368: 363: 360: 355: 352:Central Khmer 349: 344: 341: 336: 331: 328: 325: 323: 319: 312: 301: 299: 288: 287: 284: 276: 273: 262: 256: 251: 245: 244:Khmer Braille 242: 240: 237: 236: 234: 230: 224: 216: 213: 212: 211: 208: 207: 206: 205:Proto-Khmeric 202: 196: 190: 187: 186: 185: 184:Austroasiatic 181: 177: 171: 167: 162: 159: 155: 152: 149: 145: 138: 134: 130: 127: 124: 120: 116: 113: 111: 108: 107: 105: 101: 97: 91: 87: 85:Pronunciation 83: 77: 71: 66: 62: 61:Khémôrôphéasa 56: 39: 34: 29: 26: 22: 14412: 14392: 14387:Proto-Aslian 14385: 14378: 14371: 14364: 14308: 14221: 14215:unclassified 14138: 13235:Phong-Kniang 12340:Sino-Tibetan 12259:Austronesian 12158: 12150: 11814:Northern Pwo 11744:Sino-Tibetan 11660:Austronesian 11588: 11512:Northwestern 11205: 11156: 11134: 11068: 11054: 11040: 11030: 11016: 11002: 10988: 10970: 10956: 10939: 10925: 10897: 10890: 10870:. Retrieved 10866:the original 10856: 10845:. Retrieved 10841:the original 10811: 10807: 10801: 10789:. Retrieved 10777: 10768: 10764: 10756: 10747: 10719: 10715: 10709: 10690: 10675: 10649:. Retrieved 10642:the original 10637: 10633: 10620: 10601: 10570: 10549:. Retrieved 10534: 10452: 10447: 10435:. Retrieved 10423: 10419: 10386: 10357:. Retrieved 10336: 10324:. Retrieved 10317:the original 10312: 10308: 10295: 10276: 10208:. Retrieved 10201:the original 10165:. Retrieved 10153: 10149: 10136: 10123: 10112:. Retrieved 10091: 10083: 10079: 10073:. Routledge. 10070: 10064: 10055: 10030:. Retrieved 10018: 10014: 9977: 9947: 9899: 9878:. Retrieved 9866: 9853: 9840: 9827: 9808: 9787: 9781:(1): 98–106. 9778: 9774: 9768: 9756:. Retrieved 9744: 9731: 9707: 9676: 9672: 9662: 9654: 9634:. Retrieved 9614: 9610: 9597: 9578: 9572: 9560:. Retrieved 9553:the original 9548: 9538: 9525: 9517: 9504: 9496: 9481: 9476: 9468: 9463: 9435:. Retrieved 9430: 9426: 9416: 9400: 9369: 9351: 9346: 9334:. Retrieved 9330: 9321: 9304: 9286: 9184: 9156: 9072: 9048: 9034:Khmer script 9001:preăh kârŭna 8983:khnhŭm mchăs 8925:(to female) 8887:(to female) 8747:yeung khnhŭm 8593:/tɔtuəltiən/ 8573: 8548: 8461: 7780: 7764: 7734: 7725: 7721: 7718: 7715: 7711: 7708: 7703: 7700: 7695: 7692: 7685: 7682: 7677: 7674: 7669: 7666: 7658: 7655: 7652: 7648: 7645: 7640: 7637: 7632: 7629: 7624: 7621: 7616: 7613: 7598: 7580:("and") and 7559: 7550: 7547: 7544: 7540: 7532: 7524: 7516: 7508: 7500: 7488: 7479: 7476: 7473: 7469: 7461: 7453: 7445: 7435: 7423: 7419: 7416: 7413: 7409: 7401: 7391: 7383: 7375: 7367: 7358: 7355: 7352: 7346: 7338: 7330: 7322: 7313: 7310: 7307: 7303: 7295: 7287: 7259: 7250: 7247: 7244: 7238: 7228: 7220: 7212: 7202: 7182: 7178: 7175: 7172: 7166: 7158: 7150: 7142: 7134: 7126: 7117: 7114: 7111: 7105: 7095: 7087: 7079: 7071: 7061: 7042: 7038: 7035: 7032: 7028: 7026:saːlaː riən/ 7020: 7010: 7002: 6994: 6982: 6978: 6975: 6972: 6968: 6960: 6952: 6943: 6940: 6937: 6933: 6925: 6917: 6906: 6897: 6893: 6890: 6887: 6883: 6880: 6873: 6870: 6865: 6862: 6854: 6851: 6848: 6842: 6839: 6834: 6831: 6824: 6821: 6816: 6813: 6806:'I believe.' 6805: 6802: 6799: 6795: 6792: 6787: 6784: 6743: 6739: 6736: 6733: 6729: 6721: 6713: 6704: 6701: 6698: 6694: 6686: 6678: 6670: 6661: 6658: 6655: 6651: 6643: 6635: 6627: 6619: 6609: 6601: 6593: 6573: 6569: 6566: 6563: 6559: 6551: 6543: 6535: 6527: 6514: 6505: 6502: 6499: 6495: 6481: 6473: 6465: 6452: 6448: 6445: 6442: 6439: 6436: 6430: 6427: 6414: 6411: 6398: 6395: 6382: 6379: 6366: 6363: 6350: 6347: 6334: 6331: 6319: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6307: 6301: 6298: 6285: 6282: 6269: 6266: 6253: 6250: 6237: 6234: 6222: 6219: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6204: 6201: 6188: 6185: 6172: 6169: 6156: 6153: 6140: 6137: 6125: 6122: 6119: 6116: 6113: 6107: 6104: 6091: 6088: 6075: 6072: 6059: 6056: 6043: 6040: 6027: 6024: 6013: 6006: 5982: 5945: 5936: 5933: 5930: 5924: 5914: 5906: 5898: 5890: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5871: 5863: 5855: 5847: 5839: 5827: 5823: 5820: 5817: 5813: 5805: 5797: 5787: 5779: 5771: 5763: 5751: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5737: 5729: 5721: 5713: 5705: 5697: 5689: 5677: 5673: 5670: 5667: 5664: 5660: 5657: 5649: 5646: 5636: 5633: 5623: 5620: 5610: 5607: 5597: 5594: 5578:When both a 5577: 5573: 5570: 5567: 5564: 5560: 5557: 5549: 5546: 5536: 5533: 5523: 5520: 5510: 5507: 5499: 5486:verb phrases 5482:noun phrases 5479: 5452: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5428: 5423: 5421: 5416: 5415: 5410: 5409: 5402: 5399: 5394: 5391: 5376: 5372: 5370: 5365: 5363: 5358: 5357: 5352: 5351: 5346: 5343: 5336: 5333: 5328: 5325: 5310: 5306: 5304: 5299: 5297: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5285: 5280: 5277: 5257: 5254: 5245: 5241: 5238: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5223: 5220: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5202: 5199: 5192: 5189: 5184: 5181: 5176: 5173: 5159: 5150: 5146: 5143: 5140: 5136: 5133: 5128: 5125: 5120: 5117: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5099: 5096: 5091: 5088: 5083: 5080: 5062: 5055: 5023: 5009: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4995: 4992: 4987: 4984: 4977: 4974: 4969: 4966: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4948: 4945: 4940: 4937: 4930: 4927: 4922: 4919: 4911: 4908: 4905: 4901: 4898: 4891: 4888: 4883: 4880: 4868:intensifiers 4847:superlatives 4830:Comparatives 4824: 4805: 4791: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4778: 4776: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4759: 4757: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4740: 4738: 4722: 4704: 4695: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4682: 4680: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4663: 4661: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4644: 4642: 4632:() is used: 4614: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4599: 4597: 4581: 4572: 4569:'large dogs' 4568: 4565: 4563: 4559: 4557: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4538: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4521: 4519: 4476: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4458: 4456: 4451: 4448: 4443: 4441: 4436: 4433: 4430: 4426: 4424: 4419: 4416: 4411: 4409: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4391: 4389: 4384: 4381: 4376: 4374: 4369: 4366: 4362:to transport 4361: 4359: 4354: 4351: 4348: 4344: 4342: 4337: 4334: 4329: 4327: 4322: 4319: 4314: 4312: 4307: 4292: 4276:"to believe" 4126:Affixed Word 4092:by means of 4076: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4052: 4049: 4046: 4039: 4036: 4033: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3961: 3958: 3955: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3896: 3893: 3890: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3744: 3736:head-initial 3730: 3726:prepositions 3698:Middle Khmer 3687: 3663: 3646: 3633: 3607: 3587: 3583:Khmer script 3552: 3532: 3523: 3500: 3494: 3484: 3474: 3459: 3432: 3413: 2535: 2526: 2313: 2261:mid opening 2209:mid closing 1854: 1826: 1807: 1800: 1764: 1414: 1377:Middle Khmer 1271: 1253: 1245:Keng Vannsak 1238: 1216: 1199:Middle Khmer 1153: 1138: 1134:Khmer Empire 1127: 1116:Middle Khmer 1073: 1072: 1068:Mekong Delta 1063: 1057: 1056: 1033: 1029:uvular trill 1007: 1006: 987: 986: 971: 945: 944: 935: 931: 930: 892:Middle Khmer 885: 850: 835: 807: 788: 753:Khmer script 743:. Words are 722: 690:conjugations 675: 671:Middle Khmer 651:Khmer Empire 648: 631: 629: 598: 590:Mekong Delta 558:Khmer people 494: 493: 487:Khmer script 472: 470: 430:Linguasphere 405: 239:Khmer script 215:Middle Khmer 188: 133:Mekong Delta 76:Phéasa Khmêr 55:Phéasa Khmêr 25: 14394:Proto-Munda 13544:Muak Sa-aak 13015: [ 12901:West Katuic 12385:Mantsi Lolo 11829:S'gaw Karen 11757:Eastern Pwo 11711:Urak Lawoi’ 11693:Satun Malay 11465:Chiang Saen 11436:Other Thais 10598:David Smyth 9354:, Edinburgh 8977:tul bângkŭm 8963:ខ្ញុំម្ចាស់ 8933:(to male), 8919:(to male), 7151:instruction 7044:Imperatives 6800:/kʰɲom cɨə/ 6772:/ʔɑt/~/ʔət/ 6582:. The verb 6511:Verb phrase 6493:lʋɨŋ lʋəːj/ 5951:Noun Phrase 5942:Noun phrase 5756:were used: 4779:appropriate 4760:to lie down 4728:healthy"). 4692:"my friend" 4689:friend of I 4673:"my friend" 4654:"my friend" 4531:"many dogs" 4507:postnominal 4294:Compounding 4233:"to teach" 4187:reciprocity 4106:lexicalized 3754:John Haiman 3714:zero copula 3549:Tonogenesis 3424:/ʔ/,/m/,/l/ 3420:/ʔ/,/b/,/d/ 2550:/sth/,/lkh/ 2546:/str/,/skr/ 1728:Approximant 1575:ក, គ, ខ, ឃ 1543:ថ, ឋ, ឍ, ធ 1226:colonialism 1173:Proto-Khmer 957:Kingdom of 953:Khmer Surin 710:Classifiers 686:inflections 453: Khmer 199:Early forms 14440:Categories 14196:Semaq Beri 14184:(Southern) 14063:(Northern) 13949:Nicobarese 13894:Gutob-Remo 13863:Sora-Gorum 13727:Kherwarian 13125:Phong–Liha 13007:Vietnamese 13000:Viet-Muong 12842:Mel-Khaonh 12302:Hmong-Mien 12001:Indigenous 11992:Vietnamese 11721:Hmong-Mien 11650:Vietnamese 11444:Lao–Phutai 11293:Vietnamese 11215:Indigenous 11119:Chuon Nath 11090:Kheng.info 10872:2012-02-20 10847:2007-02-13 10791:6 February 10651:6 February 10437:24 January 10359:2008-12-04 10326:24 January 10210:2012-02-21 10167:27 January 10114:2008-12-04 10032:6 February 9880:20 January 9758:6 February 9679:(6): 7–28. 9636:6 February 9562:6 February 9527:Ethnologue 9506:Ethnologue 9306:Ethnologue 9288:Ethnologue 8908:(to male) 8905:nhoŭm brŏs 8899:nhoŭm srei 8894:(to male) 8841:preăh ângk 8753:khnhŭm bat 8618:he/she/it 8504:(10,000), 8448:/muəjrɔːj/ 8359:/pramɓuən/ 8175:/prammuəj/ 7816:Word form 7795:Word form 7525:to undergo 7331:understand 6884:to believe 6835:to believe 6796:to believe 6620:to express 5985:Honorifics 5971:Classifier 5422:/proh nuh 5271:Adjective: 5137:cigarettes 5107:I eat rice 5058:open class 4807:Adjectives 4550:"two dogs" 4262:infixed , 4257:"to kill" 4255:"to clean" 4090:derivation 4086:morphology 4083:productive 4073:Morphology 3995:sokʰapʰiəp 3694:inflection 3609:Intonation 3604:Intonation 3575:*kaa,*ke̤a 3571:*kaa,*ɡe̤a 3547:See also: 3416:epenthesis 2268:អ៊ុំ, អ៊ំ 2179:centering 2155:centering 2126:Diphthongs 1845:loan words 1803:implosives 1771:aspiration 1423:Consonants 1320:Literature 1241:Chuon Nath 1141:morphology 1129:Linguistic 1059:Khmer Krom 1040:Vietnamese 877:Khmer Krom 861:Battambang 857:Phnom Penh 799:Vietnamese 737:Vietnamese 673:language. 636:Phnom Penh 611:, through 584:, also in 14423:varieties 14415:indicate 14324:Khmer Khe 14127:(Central) 14075:Cheq Wong 13610:Quang Lam 13597:Bit-Khang 13582:Meung Yum 13463:Palaungic 13208:Phay-Pram 12448:Tai Daeng 12357:Cantonese 12240:Quảng Lâm 12003:languages 11819:Phrae Pwo 11792:Hainanese 11772:Cantonese 11496:Sukhothai 11487:Thai Song 11408:Languages 11329:Tai Phuan 11225:Mon–Khmer 11217:languages 11037:Smyth, D. 10985:Smyth, D. 9869:: 45–46. 9556:(lecture) 9433:: 149–163 9247:Hem Chieu 8994:ព្រះករុណា 8986:(female) 8966:(female) 8957:ទូលបង្គុំ 8576:registers 8490:(1,000), 8328:/paetsəp/ 8299:/pramɓəj/ 8239:/prampɨl/ 8235:/prampiː/ 8024:/saːmsəp/ 7964:/məˈpʰɨj/ 7767:biquinary 7749:/daəmbəj/ 7509:yesterday 7454:to invite 7256:Questions 6934:yesterday 6038:skəm.skaj 6035:ស្កឹមស្កៃ 5955:Honorific 5344:tʰʋəː kaː 5258:adjective 5224:to invite 4860:/ciəŋkeː/ 4856:/ciəŋkeː/ 4287:"belief" 4272:"to walk" 4241:causation 4220:"to walk" 4211:causation 4195:"similar" 4193:"to bite" 4184:prefixed 4171:"to hide" 4158:prefixed 4137:causation 4134:prefixed 3567:*kaa,*ɡaa 3555:phonation 3513:morphemes 3509:compounds 2317:semivowel 2282:អិះ, អែះ 2275:អេះ, អែះ 2186:អៀ, អ៊ា់ 2128:of Khmer 1978:Close-mid 1631:Fricative 1527:ផ, ភ, ព 1510:voiceless 1372:Old Khmer 1351:Khmer Khe 1295:Phonology 1259:Phonology 1249:Ieu Koeus 1219:influence 1145:phonology 1112:Old Khmer 1096:Siem Pang 1075:Khmer Khe 967:Ayutthaya 873:continuum 706:modifiers 698:particles 640:Khmer Khe 617:Old Khmer 615:, due to 609:registers 586:Southeast 407:Glottolog 378:ISO 639-3 359:ISO 639-2 340:ISO 639-1 210:Old Khmer 147:Ethnicity 137:Southeast 43:ភាសាខ្មែរ 36:Cambodian 14270:Nyah Kur 14191:Mah Meri 14182:Semelaic 14009:Southern 13990:Nancowry 13795:Santalic 13734:Mundaric 13428:Lyngngam 13352:Southern 13336:Northern 13225:Ksingmul 13024:in China 12922:Ta'oihic 12637:Bahnaric 12554:Japanese 12443:Tày Sapa 12073:Maa (Mạ) 12020:Bahnaric 11906:Japanese 11630:Nyah Kur 11595:Northern 11543:Minority 11456:Phu Thai 11412:Thailand 11039:(1995). 10987:(1993). 10915:Archived 10782:Archived 10698:Archived 10600:(1995). 10551:1 August 10428:Archived 10350:Archived 10158:Archived 10105:Archived 10023:Archived 9925:Archived 9871:Archived 9749:Archived 9712:Archived 9627:Archived 9405:Archived 9336:12 April 9252:Kambojan 9211:See also 9142:Examples 8980:(male), 8960:(male), 8891:ញោមប្រុស 8874:ach kdei 8834:ព្រះអង្គ 8740:ខ្ញុំបាទ 8734:យើងខ្ញុំ 8676:neutral 8388:/kawsəp/ 8365:brămbuŏn 8353:ប្រាំបួន 8268:/cətsəp/ 8229:ប្រាំពីរ 8204:/hoksəp/ 8181:brămmuŏy 8169:ប្រាំមូយ 8144:/haːsəp/ 8084:/saesəp/ 7755:Numerals 7745:/hakbəj/ 7678:hospital 7625:hospital 7596:("or"). 7572:and the 7278:inverted 7052:jussives 6995:tomorrow 6931:msəlmɨɲ/ 6745:Negation 6594:language 6329:/puəʔmaʔ 6232:/puəʔmaʔ 5907:to steal 5811:cɑmnuən/ 5655:cɑmnuən/ 5555:cɑmnuən/ 5463:negation 5459:analytic 5431:handsome 5429:boy DEM 5417:handsome 5307:handsome 5293:handsome 5043:/kəmpuŋ/ 4849:is with 4815:numerals 4706:Pronouns 4651:friend I 4528:dog many 4491:articles 4377:to bring 4283:"a trip" 4249:"to die" 4238:infixed 4145:"origin" 4129:Meaning 4117:Function 4094:prefixes 3692:with no 3613:semantic 3536:សំបុកចាប 3490:phonemic 2538:syllable 2536:A Khmer 2308:អោះ, អះ 2301:អំ, អាំ 2039:Open-mid 2033:អូ, អ៊ោ 1997:អេ, អ៊ែ 1775:phonemes 1438:Alveolar 1336:Overview 1328:Dialects 1315:Numerals 1310:Keyboard 1305:Alphabet 1185:600–800 1171:Pre- or 963:Naresuan 959:Lan Xang 950:(called 853:dialects 848:(2006). 846:Thailand 838:Cambodia 814:Bahnaric 769:clusters 745:stressed 678:analytic 601:Sanskrit 582:Thailand 570:Cambodia 552:) is an 436:46-FBA-a 421:cent1989 414:khme1253 298:Thailand 272:Cambodia 157:speakers 115:Thailand 110:Cambodia 49:ខេមរភាសា 14413:Italics 14280:Pakanic 14223:Kenaboi 14201:Semelai 14172:Jah Hut 14165:Jah Hut 14110:Ten'edn 14026:Shompen 14000:Katchal 13995:Camorta 13982:Central 13972:Teressa 13802:Santali 13786:Agariya 13776:Majhwar 13766:Mundari 13666:Tai Loi 13534:Man Met 13516:Angkuic 13494:Palaung 13433:Maharam 13320:Western 13294:Central 13287:(Chong) 13116:Thavưng 12801:Tampuan 12796:Tariang 12780:Central 12756:Nyaheun 12534:Russian 12513:English 12488:Lao Bóc 12483:Thu Lao 12478:Tày Tac 12458:Tai Dón 12453:Tai Dam 12395:Kra-Dai 12369:Hokkien 12361:Teochew 12353:Chinese 12320:Kim Mun 12315:Iu Mien 12103:Tariang 11901:English 11878:Russian 11873:Punjabi 11863:Burmese 11797:Hokchew 11787:Hokkien 11777:Teochew 11767:Sinitic 11734:Iu Mien 11645:Thavung 11640:Ten'edn 11635:Palaung 11602:Western 11529:Tai Nüa 11359:English 11288:Tampuan 10814:: 144. 10426:: 193. 9437:19 June 9135:'duck' 9051:abugida 8936:ŭbasĕka 8922:ឧបាសិកា 8884:ញោមស្រី 8861:អាចក្តី 8729:Formal 8476:(100), 8454:muŏyrôy 8322:ប៉ែតសិប 8305:brămbei 8293:ប្រាំបី 8274:chĕtsĕb 8245:brămpir 7960:/mpʰɨj/ 7741:/prŭəh/ 7712:to push 7649:to push 7590:/pʰɑːŋ/ 7562:clauses 7541:to bite 7506:msəlmɨɲ 7451:ʔɑɲcəːɲ 6636:thought 6617:sɑmdaeŋ 6591:/piəsaː 6560:to play 6552:to walk 6536:to want 6326:ពួកម៉ាក 6229:ពួកម៉ាក 6186:bunches 6009:/rɔbɑh/ 6002:/aenuh/ 5990:/preah/ 5967:Numeral 5891:science 5888:/ʋɪʔciə 5719:cɑmnuən 5424:sɑŋ.haː 5411:sɑŋ.haː 5347:to work 5319:Adverb: 5300:sɑŋ.haː 5287:sɑŋ.haː 5229:ʔɑŋkuj/ 5221:/ʔaɲcəɲ 5134:ɓaːrəj/ 4858:: "A X 4841:: "A X 4741:to live 4718:dropped 4591:Chinese 4547:dog two 4502:ឆ្កែមួយ 4392:to lead 4345:parents 4123:Meaning 4098:infixes 3985:history 3982:prɑʋɔət 3959:provide 3907:examine 3868:receive 3855:have to 3790:provide 3722:dropped 3678:Grammar 3594:elision 3569:became 3466:reduced 3435:nucleus 2542:cluster 2440:ʔɜw,ʔɨw 2141:Central 2015:អ៊, អឺ 1881:Central 1783:infixes 1703:lateral 1505:Plosive 1453:Glottal 1443:Palatal 1419:(IPA). 1300:Grammar 1287:Aspects 1149:lexicon 1025:flapped 1021:trilled 1012:elision 842:Vietnam 757:abugida 725:Burmese 714:Chinese 594:Vietnam 383:Either: 311:Vietnam 129:Vietnam 14302:Others 14246:Others 14156:Temiar 14151:Semnam 14125:Senoic 14105:Mintil 14100:Minriq 14095:Kintaq 14090:Kensiu 14061:Jahaic 14049:Aslian 13967:Chaura 13838:Kharia 13831:Kharia 13756:Birhor 13751:Birjia 13654:Others 13620:Bumang 13587:Savaiq 13403:Khasic 13364:Sa'och 13311:Kasong 13258:Pearic 13199:Mlabri 13192:Mlabri 13165:Khmuic 13106:Maleng 12989:Vietic 12966:Phuong 12890:Katuic 12832:Ra’ong 12827:Stieng 12761:Sapuan 12700:Rengao 12695:Bahnar 12690:Sedang 12685:Todrah 12665:Kayong 12660:Halang 12549:Korean 12544:German 12508:French 12468:Tai Lü 12433:Qabiao 12403:Caolan 12330:Ná-Meo 12325:Mo Piu 12292:Roglai 12209:Maleng 12169:Vietic 12118:Katuic 12108:Todrah 12093:Stieng 12088:Sedang 12083:Rengao 12063:Kayong 12043:Halang 11911:Korean 11706:Moklen 11620:Mlabri 11610:Kintaq 11584:Kensiu 11477:Tai Lü 11354:French 11278:Stieng 11273:Somray 11268:Sa’och 11075: 11061: 11047: 11023: 11009: 10995: 10977: 10963: 10946: 10932: 10904: 10808:Lingua 10767:& 10726: 10682: 10608: 10577: 10542: 10393: 10283: 9986: 9954: 9815: 9723: 9585: 9488: 9377: 9179:UNGEGN 9167:Khmer 9044:Berlin 8930:ŭbasâk 8855:អាត្មា 8688:khnhŭm 8601:/saoj/ 8597:/cʰan/ 8589:/pisa/ 8544:/kaot/ 8530:/liən/ 8516:/saen/ 8502:/məːn/ 8488:/pŏən/ 8474:/rɔːj/ 8394:kausĕb 8334:pêtsĕb 8262:ចិតសិប 8210:hŏksĕb 8198:ហុកសិប 8115:/pram/ 8055:/ɓuən/ 8030:samsĕb 8018:សាមសិប 7890:/muəj/ 7849:/soːn/ 7825:UNGEGN 7808:Value 7804:UNGEGN 7787:Value 7737:/dael/ 7726: 7601:/dael/ 7582:/haəj/ 7568:, the 7491:/trəw/ 7384:market 7240:COHORT 7148:bɑndam 7143:follow 7127:please 7085:kʰluən 7029:school 6992:/sʔaek 6909:/haəj/ 6898: 6863:/kʰɲom 6814:/kʰɲom 6785:/kʰɲom 6695:temple 6679:copula 6633:kumnɨt 6602:copula 6584:/miən/ 6557:leːng/ 6525:/kʰɲom 6487:MARKER 6412:person 6332:friend 6283:person 6235:friend 6138:banana 6086:kʰnɑːŋ 6022:/ptĕəh 5856:to sit 5798:banana 5761:/kʰɲom 5735:cruːk/ 5730:toward 5706:banana 5687:/kʰɲom 5661: 5650: 5621:banana 5592:/kʰɲom 5561: 5550: 5534:banana 5505:/kʰɲom 5490:object 5467:aspect 5454:Syntax 5449:Syntax 5439: 5298:/proh 5246: 5232:to sit 5203:market 5200:pʰsaː/ 5174:/kʰɲom 5151: 5118:/kʰɲom 5081:/kʰɲom 5030:aspect 5010: 4988:pretty 4949:pretty 4946:sʔaːt/ 4941:pretty 4902:pretty 4899:sʔaːt/ 4843:/ciəŋ/ 4839:/ciəŋ/ 4820:copula 4792: 4750:'life' 4696: 4573: 4477:Khmer 4452: 4420: 4385: 4370: 4338: 4330:mother 4323: 4315:father 4024:before 3998:health 3972: 3894: 3881: 3865:tɔtuəl 3486:Stress 3481:Stress 3471:មនុស្ស 3439:vowels 2152:Short 1908:short 1902:short 1851:Vowels 1755:យ៉, យ 1744:វ៉, វ 1690:រ៉, រ 1677:rhotic 1671:Liquid 1665:ហ, ហ៊ 1643:ស, ស៊ 1606:ប, ប៊ 1590:voiced 1584:អ, អ៊ 1497:ង, ង៉ 1488:ញ, ញ៉ 1470:ម, ម៉ 1433:Labial 1359:Stages 1234:French 1223:French 1088:Sekong 1084:Srepok 1080:Se San 867:, the 851:Khmer 735:, and 704:, and 653:. The 625:Angkor 621:Chenla 539:UNGEGN 451: 308: 295: 269: 14309:Khmer 14288:Bolyu 14257:Monic 14206:Temoq 14146:Semai 14140:Sabüm 14134:Lanoh 14115:Wila' 14085:Jedek 14080:Jahai 14070:Batek 13906:Gutob 13901:Bonda 13885:Lodhi 13880:Juray 13870:Gorum 13854:Juang 13847:Juang 13824:South 13741:Korwa 13718:Korku 13711:Korku 13704:North 13693:Munda 13641:Kiorr 13636:Lamet 13629:Lamet 13615:Kháng 13567:Blang 13499:Riang 13478:Danau 13471:Danau 13418:Khasi 13306:Samre 13132:Phong 13041:Nguồn 13036:Mường 13029:in US 13019:] 12945:Pacoh 12938:Pacoh 12929:Ta'Oi 12847:Thmon 12837:Mnong 12817:Chrau 12810:South 12741:Laven 12715:Katua 12680:Monom 12675:Takua 12670:Kaco’ 12648:North 12539:Czech 12418:Lachi 12413:Gelao 12380:Xapho 12365:Hakka 12310:Hmong 12282:Jarai 12277:Haroi 12245:Kháng 12228:Other 12219:Nguồn 12214:Mường 12159:Khmer 12151:Khmer 12141:Ta'Oi 12136:Pacoh 12098:Takua 12078:Monom 12058:Katua 12028:Chrau 11868:Hindi 11834:Ugong 11804:Nuosu 11782:Hakka 11729:Hmong 11701:Moken 11673:Malay 11589:Khmer 11579:Jahai 11574:Chung 11569:Chong 11482:Phuan 11319:Jarai 11302:Other 11263:Samre 11253:Mnong 11243:Kaco’ 11238:Chong 11206:Khmer 11136:Khmer 10785:(PDF) 10774:(PDF) 10765:phɔɔŋ 10645:(PDF) 10630:(PDF) 10431:(PDF) 10416:(PDF) 10353:(PDF) 10346:(PDF) 10320:(PDF) 10305:(PDF) 10204:(PDF) 10197:(PDF) 10161:(PDF) 10146:(PDF) 10108:(PDF) 10101:(PDF) 10026:(PDF) 10021:(1). 10011:(PDF) 9928:(PDF) 9921:(PDF) 9874:(PDF) 9863:(PDF) 9752:(PDF) 9741:(PDF) 9630:(PDF) 9607:(PDF) 9283:Khmer 9188:b'on. 9017:tróng 9010:ទ្រង់ 8916:ឧបាសក 8681:ខ្ញុំ 8612:I/me 8585:/ɲam/ 8581:/siː/ 8564:/tiː/ 8540:kaôdĕ 8442:មួយរយ 8419:/ɗɑp/ 8382:កៅសិប 8150:hasĕb 8138:ហាសិប 8109:ប្រាំ 8090:sêsĕb 8078:សែសិប 7995:/ɓəj/ 7970:mphey 7931:/piː/ 7843:សូន្យ 7812:Khmer 7791:Khmer 7704:wheel 7667:/krɛː 7641:wheel 7614:/krɛː 7594:/rɨː/ 7586:/dae/ 7578:/nɨŋ/ 7538:kʰam/ 7530:cʰkae 7514:kʰɲom 7470:where 7462:to go 7426:/taə/ 7376:to go 7365:/loːk 7339:modal 7320:/loːk 7304:where 7296:to go 7285:/loːk 7270:/teː/ 7221:place 7213:to be 7193:/ʔəj/ 7185:/kom/ 7132:tʰʋəː 7124:/soum 7077:lbɑːŋ 7048:/tɨw/ 7021:to go 7000:kʰɲom 6985:/nɨŋ/ 6966:haəj/ 6961:to go 6950:/kŏət 6926:to go 6915:/kŏət 6763:/teː/ 6754:/mɨn/ 6722:exist 6719:pʰaen 6711:/miən 6692:ʋŏət/ 6687:close 6649:jaːŋ/ 6641:krŏəp 6628:heart 6580:/nɨw/ 6576:/ciə/ 6544:to go 6518:/tɨw/ 6474:paddy 6466:field 6463:/ʋiəl 6455:/dɑː/ 6428:these 6377:kʰɲom 6374:ខ្ញុំ 6361:rɔbɑh 6348:small 6299:these 6248:kʰɲom 6245:ខ្ញុំ 6202:these 6180:ស្និត 6135:/ceːk 6105:these 6089:spine 6057:three 6025:house 5998:/nuh/ 5994:/nih/ 5926:COMPL 5922:baːn/ 5899:thief 5837:/tuːk 5814:bunch 5777:cruːk 5754:/nəw/ 5722:bunch 5680:/dɑl/ 5658:bunch 5631:cruːk 5558:bunch 5392:/proh 5385:Verb: 5326:/proh 5278:/proh 5039:កំពុង 5026:tense 5020:Verbs 4985:sʔaːt 4967:/srəj 4938:sʔaːt 4920:/srəj 4881:/srəj 4852:ជាងគេ 4560:large 4479:nouns 4444:women 4396:+ ⇒ 4349:+ ⇒ 4114:Affix 4050:first 3956:pʰɗɑl 3920:shape 3904:pinɨt 3816:every 3803:blood 3800:cʰiəm 3787:pʰɗɑl 3761:/loːk 3629:/teː/ 3590:tonal 3497:minor 3428:/kŋ-/ 3181:skr- 2562:above 2506:ឱ, ឲ 2377:/uəj/ 2373:/aəj/ 2369:/aoj/ 2365:/ɨəj/ 2361:/iəw/ 2357:/iəj/ 2353:/aːj/ 2349:/əːj/ 2176:Long 2168:ŏə,ŭə 2136:Front 1917:Close 1911:long 1905:long 1893:short 1876:Front 1716:ឡ, ល 1654:ច, ជ 1621:ដ, ឌ 1559:ឆ, ឈ 1479:ន, ណ 1460:Nasal 1448:Velar 1166:Date 1092:Sesan 934:, or 803:Munda 755:, an 544:Khmêr 534:ខ្មែរ 495:Khmer 475:text. 473:Khmer 189:Khmer 151:Khmer 31:Khmer 14331:Mang 13922:Gta’ 13915:Gta’ 13875:Sora 13781:Turi 13771:Koda 13746:Asur 13661:Kuan 13572:Lawa 13559:Waic 13423:Pnar 13359:Suoi 13276:Pear 13269:Pear 13230:O’du 13215:Prai 13183:Khmu 13176:Khmu 13142:Liha 13137:Tuom 13090:Sach 13075:Arem 13067:Chứt 13057:Cuoi 13050:Cuoi 12961:Katu 12954:Katu 12860:East 12822:Koho 12791:Alak 12771:Brao 12736:Jru' 12731:Lavi 12724:West 12710:Duan 12438:Padi 12428:Nùng 12423:Laha 12375:Hani 12348:Akha 12287:Rade 12272:Chru 12267:Cham 12235:Mảng 12204:Cuối 12197:Sach 12182:Arem 12177:Chut 12131:Katu 12068:Koho 12038:Duan 11762:Lisu 11752:Akha 11668:Cham 11524:Shan 11519:Khün 11451:Isan 11426:Thai 11334:Thai 11314:Cham 11283:Suoy 11258:Pear 11233:Brao 11073:ISBN 11059:ISBN 11045:ISBN 11021:ISBN 11007:ISBN 10993:ISBN 10975:ISBN 10961:ISBN 10944:ISBN 10930:ISBN 10902:ISBN 10793:2016 10724:ISBN 10680:ISBN 10653:2016 10606:ISBN 10575:ISBN 10553:2024 10540:ISBN 10439:2016 10424:1991 10391:ISBN 10328:2016 10281:ISBN 10169:2016 10034:2016 9984:ISBN 9952:ISBN 9882:2016 9813:ISBN 9760:2016 9721:ISBN 9638:2016 9583:ISBN 9564:2016 9486:ISBN 9439:2012 9375:ISBN 9338:2024 9062:and 9060:Thai 8868:atma 8788:koăt 8781:គាត់ 8772:loŭk 8704:'nâk 8697:អ្នក 8615:you 8535:កោដិ 8526:léan 8493:ម៉ឺន 8484:poăn 8479:ពាន់ 8430:100 8121:brăm 8061:buŏn 7954:ម្ភៃ 7896:muŏy 7855:sony 7709:ruɲ/ 7696:have 7693:miən 7683:dael 7675:pɛːt 7646:ruɲ/ 7633:have 7630:miən 7622:pɛːt 7588:and 7522:trəw 7501:from 7498:/piː 7467:naː/ 7443:loːk 7433:/taə 7407:nɨw/ 7389:haəj 7381:psaː 7344:teː/ 7336:baːn 7328:sdap 7301:naː/ 7236:ʔəj/ 7204:PROH 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