188:
2220:
3934:
2847:
highways with median strips. The paving on some very minor roads in the poorer districts may be navigable with difficulty due to large, deep potholes. Unpaved, graded roads link some of the smaller, more remote villages, but they are comfortably navigable at normal driving speeds for wheeled vehicles. Most of the stretches of paved roads through villages are lighted at night, many with powerful sodium lighting, some of which are on independently solar-powered masts. Reflective "cats-eyes" marking the central line of two-lane roads are a common feature. Crash barriers are installed along the sides of dangerous bends and precipitous verges. Signposting is excellent and follows international style. Since 2002 (with the exception of some poorer sub-districts), all signs are bilingual in Thai and Roman script.
722:
4034:
4053:
170:
714:
4017:
1380:
2703:
1403:, or just to use the computer and printers. Resident Western expatriates and foreign tourists are also frequent customers. For those outside the district towns who require a serious use of the Internet in their homes, the mobile phone or an iPstar broadband satellite connection is the only alternative, although more expensive than a DSL connection. It is far less reliable and suffers considerable downtime due to overloading, heavy cloud cover, and rain. Despite, in theory, being "always on", it often lacks adequate stability for streaming and clarity of VOIP.
1399:, leaving the majority of the rural population dependent on dial-up connections for those few who have landline telephones. This results in slow service that does not adequately meet modern needs. Most rural people rely on smartphones for data services. Internet shops with high-speed connections have for many years provided service to those who cannot afford or do not have access to high-speed Internet. They are heavily patronized by primary and secondary school children who come not only to use the Internet but also to play online games, use
5263:
3758:
3235:
3053:
2364:
3367:
3374:
516:
3714:
909:
2360:
insects, such as grasshoppers, crickets, silkworms, and dung beetles. Originally forced by poverty to be creative in finding foods, Isan people now savor these creatures as delicacies or snacks. Food is commonly eaten by hand using sticky rice pressed into a ball with the fingers of the right hand. Soups are a frequent element of any meal, and contain vegetables, herbs, noodles, chunks of fish, balls of ground pork, or a mixture of these. They are eaten using a spoon and chopsticks at the same time.
5903:
199:
3279:
3323:
5865:
2693:
3103:
1453:
206:
3418:
3890:
2864:
2839:
893:
3147:
2630:
3411:
1353:
3846:
3941:
3455:
3191:
3765:
3631:
1227:. This ordering has been unchanged for decades. Thailand's highly centralized fiscal system reinforces the status quo. An example of this Bangkok-centric policy is the allocation of budgets: Bangkok accounts for about 17 percent of the population and 25.8 percent of GDP, but benefits from about 72.2 percent of total expenditures. Isan accounts for about 34 percent of the population and 11.5 percent of GDP, but receives only 5.8 percent of expenditures.
3587:
5847:
1322:, or "iron/steel buffalo"), or more generally by its manufacturer's name of "Kobota", a mini-tractor composed of a small diesel engine mounted on two wheels with long wooden or metal handlebars for steering. It is usually attached to a trailer or a plow. Buffalo are now mainly used for grazing on the stubble in the rice paddy, which they in turn fertilize with their manure. The main animals raised for food are cattle, pigs, chickens, ducks, and fish.
243:
3242:
2492:
2425:
3594:
39:
3721:
3330:
181:
2660:
place in the bride's home and is normally officiated by one or several monks or a respected village elder who has been a monk. Young couples are increasingly registering their marriages at the city hall, which they can do if they are over 17. The extended family system is still very much the traditional social structure in Isan, with newlywed couples often living with in-laws or building a home on the family compound or farmland.
1039:
3499:
3506:
3286:
3543:
3550:
3154:
3110:
2387:
2379:
984:
3675:
3897:
3809:
3462:
3638:
1249:
1237:(compared to 8.5 percent for Thailand as a whole). Sticky rice, the staple food of the region, is the main agricultural crop (accounting for about 60 percent of cultivated land). It thrives in poorly drained paddy fields, and where fields can be flooded from nearby streams, rivers, and ponds. Often two harvests are possible each year. Farmers are increasingly diversifying into cash crops such as
2248:
3802:
3853:
3198:
2291:
1003:, which tilts gently from its northwestern corner, where it is about 213 m (700 feet) above sea level, to the southeast, where the elevation is only about 62 metres (200 feet). Except for a few hills in the northeastern corner, the region is primarily gently undulating land, most of it varying in elevation from 90–180 m (300–600 feet), tilting from the
1349:" health card has dramatically changed the numbers of those attending hospitals for treatment, as it has meant that full health care is available to all who register for only 30 baht per visit. The few who can afford it travel to the modern private hospitals and clinics in the large cities for non-urgent specialist consultations and care.
2684:, resulting from central Thais' perceived threat of Lao cultural dominance in the Isan region, has somewhat diluted Isan culture's distinctive character, particularly in the cities and in provinces, such as Khorat, that are closest to the central Thai heartlands and have been under Thai rule the longest.
2846:
Most roads in Isan are paved. All major roads interconnecting the provincial capitals are in excellent condition for driving, and most are centrally divided four or six-lane highways. Many roads connecting province capitals to larger district towns are also currently (2008) being widened to four-lane
1922:
Most of the "tribal" Tai languages, so called because of their origins in mountainous areas of Laos or their adherence to animism, are closely related to Isan, and all but Tai Yam are generally mutually intelligible. Even in areas with a heavy linguistic minority presence, native Isan speakers of Lao
1363:
The region lags in new technology: there was only one
Internet connection per 75 households in 2002 (national average: one per 22 households) , but by 2006 every district town (amphoe) had at least one publicly accessible Internet connection, either in a local computer shop or in the district office.
2659:
Isan women rarely have boyfriends until they meet the man they will marry, and tradition requires that the betrothal is then announced. Younger fiancées will be chaperoned, usually by a female friend, brother, or sister while in the company of their future husband. The wedding ceremony usually takes
2640:
Marriage and courtship in Isan still mainly follows strict tradition, especially in rural areas, and most young women are married by the time they are 20 years old. Many girls, in spite of the legal requirement, marry as young as 14 to escape poverty, as marriage usually involves a dowry paid by the
1375:
format, which now covers the entire region with the exception of a few sparsely populated mountainous areas and large national parks. Many people, even the poorest and frequently also children, have cellular telephones, although they have no fixed-line telephone. In this sense, Isan has led advanced
942:
as deity of the northeast. The name therefore reinforces the area's identity as northeast
Thailand rather than as a part of the Lao kingdom recently created by the French colonial discourse, as "race was then an important ideological tool for French colonialists in the attempt to seize the 'Laotian'
2800:
has two main lines in Isan, both connecting the region to
Bangkok. One runs east from Khorat, through Surin to Ubon; the other runs north through Khon Kaen and Udon to Nong Khai. In early-2009, a rail link from Nong Khai came into operation. It crosses the Friendship road bridge into Laos territory
2854:
gasoline/petrol and diesel fuel. LPG (Liquid
Petroleum Gas) and NGV (natural gas for vehicles) were till recently very rare outside the cities of Nakhon Ratchasima, Khon Kaen, and Udon Thani. As of 2012, many new LPG and NGV stations have opened. Since 2009, bio-diesel fuel has become increasingly
2809:
According to one report in 1895, it took about three weeks to travel overland by ox cart from Nong Khai to Khorat and another eight or nine days to travel from Khorat to
Bangkok. Automobile transport made its first appearance in Isan sometime in the 1920s but did not expand rapidly until after the
2752:
2663:
But it is not unusual for many women to remain single until much later. Tradition demands that the youngest or only daughter continue to live at home to take care of her parents. She is free to marry only when both parents are deceased. There is also the tradition that a woman should "marry up" in
1420:
study (2014) found that marriages with foreigners by Thai northeastern women boosted the gross domestic product of the northeast by 8.67 billion baht (2014: €211 million or US$ 270 million). According to the study, after a northeastern woman married a foreigner, she will send 9,600 baht a month on
3020:
Improved infrastructure and ease of travel restrictions between
Thailand and Laos has allowed the continued movement of thousands of people every day, with people on either side crossing the river to visit relatives, shop, participate in religious festivals, conduct business or day-trip, with the
2920:
Domestic air travel between the capital and the region is well developed, and has become a viable alternative to rail, long-distance bus, and self-driving. Fares are cheap by foreign standards, and Udon and Khon Kaen which both opened brand new airport terminals in 2005 and 2006 respectively, are
2671:
The cultural separation from central
Thailand, combined with the region's poverty and its people's typically dark skin, have led to considerable discrimination against the people of Isan by non-ethnic Thais of Chinese descent. Even though many Isan people now work in the cities rather than in the
2667:
Water buffalo are a regular feature, even in the suburbs, being walked to and from the fields at dawn and dusk. Although rarely used nowadays for working the land, they are considered an important status symbol. The current value (2010) of one head of buffalo is about 20,000 baht (2010: US$ 620).
2793:
previously too expensive or too perishable to transport. By 1928 a section of the northeastern rail line was extended to Ubon and by 1933 another section had reached Khon Kaen. It would not extend to Nong Khai until 1955. Trading patterns between the central region and Isan were forever altered.
1463:
Isan's total population as of 2010 was 21,305,000. Forty percent of the population is concentrated in the provinces of Khorat, Ubon
Ratchathani, Udon Thani, and Khon Kaen, known as "big four of Isan". These provinces surround the four major cities of the same names. As of 2010, their populations
2792:
Until 1900, when the first rail line from
Bangkok to Khorat was opened, the shipment of goods took at least eight or nine days to go between the two. Now goods could be transported in a day. The speed with which goods could reach Khorat from Bangkok permitted the introduction into Isan of items
2561:
festivals on Friday or
Saturday evenings in most villages. Usually, the rock-festival-sized stage is constructed either in a temple compound or on a sports field. Thousands of people sit on mats on the ground and watch the entertainment. The traditional music and song is accompanied by colorful
2359:
and sourness favored in Isan for the more moderate central Thai palate. Conversely, central Thai food has become popular in Isan. The people of Isan, a mixture of Lao, Vietnamese, Khmer, Mon, Cham, and other Tai groups, famously eat a wide variety of creatures, such as lizards, frogs, and fried
2255:
Many other secondary schools provide education only to grade 9, while some combined schools provide education from grade 1 through grade 9. Rural schools are generally less well equipped than the schools in the large towns and cities and the standard of instruction, particularly for the English
1480:
83,148. As of 2010, 50 percent of the region's population lived in municipal areas. Kalasin was the most urbanized province (with almost 100 percent in municipal areas), and Roi Et the least (2.8 percent). Thus, the population is still largely rural, but concentrated around the urban centers.
5288:
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. (2011). Reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention: First to third periodic reports of States parties due in 2008, Thailand. (GE.11-46262 (E) 141011 181011). New York NY: United
3004:
In this region, rapids and variable flow make navigation difficult on the Mekong River, so large boat traffic is limited in connection with downriver areas. Bridges are rare because of the high cost of spanning the wide river; passenger and vehicle ferries link its two sides. The
187:
1190:, are being extracted for sale, especially in the Chinese furniture market. These trees are so valuable that poachers, coming across the border from Cambodia, are heavily armed, and both rangers and poachers have been killed over them. In national parks such as
1278:
Despite its dominance of the economy, agriculture in the region is problematic. The climate is prone to drought, while the flat terrain of the plateau often floods in the rainy season. The tendency to flood renders a large proportion of the land unsuitable for
1421:
average to her family to help with its expenses. The activity also created 747,094 jobs, the study found. The 2010 census found that 90 percent of the slightly more than 27,000 foreigners living in the northeastern region were married to women from there.
1410:. Some of these people have settled permanently in the city, while some migrate to and fro. Others have emigrated in search of better wages. Rather than relocate as a family, they often leave their children in the care of relatives, friends, or neighbors.
3017:(Laos), was completed and officially opened for traffic on 20 December 2006. Some new bridges, not included on the 2005 maps, have been built over smaller rivers and dams. Passenger and vehicle ferries also operate across some large reservoirs.
904:
promoted Isan's ethnic integration into the modern conception of Thai nationality and de-emphasized the use of ethnic markers, for ethnic Laos and Khmers, as it was deemed uncivilized and to prevent ethnic discrimination among the Thai people.
2219:
2992:, provide the mainstay of urban transport. The large cities do have some pick-up trucks operating on regular inner-city and suburban routes. Airports are served by collective vans, which tend to be expensive for the local population, and
678:
ethnic origin, but Isan has been incorporated as a territory into the modern Thai state through over 100 years of administrative and bureaucratic reforms, educational policy, and government media. Despite this, since the election of
1129:. The rainy season begins with occasional short but heavy showers, eventually raining heavily for longer periods almost every day, usually in the late afternoon or at night, until it ends abruptly at the onset of the cool season.
2227:
Education is well-provided for by the government in terms of numbers of establishments and is supplemented in the larger cities by the private sector (mostly Catholic and international schools). Following the national pattern of
1097:
range is from 30.2 °C (86.4 °F) to 19.6 °C (67.3 °F). The highest temperature recorded was 43.9 °C (111.0 °F) in Udon Thani, the lowest −1.4 °C (29.5 °F) at Sakhon Nakhon Agro Station.
2262:
In 2001, there were 43 government vocational and polytechnic colleges throughout the region, several specialised training colleges in the private sector, and large colleges of agriculture and nursing in Udon Thani Province.
2676:
taxi drivers, and discriminatory attitudes have been known to persist among the Thai-Chinese. Nevertheless, Isan food and music have both been enthusiastically adopted and adapted to the tastes of the rest of the country.
799:, the plateau seems to have been largely depopulated. There were few if any lines of demarcation, because until the 19th-century introduction of modern mapping, the region fell under what 20th-century scholars called the "
2921:
served by many daily flights and also have routes connecting other major destinations in Thailand with some companies operating wide-bodied aircraft. Most domestic flights to and from Bangkok operate to and from
3044:-Vangtao, although ferries cross the river in other areas. The familiarity of the language makes travel and business easy for Isan speakers, who are able to use their language freely in Laos and be understood.
3933:
2256:
language, is much lower. Many children of poorer families leave school after grade 6 (age 12) to work on the farms. A number move to areas of dense or tourist populations to work in the service industry.
2515:. It exists in a number of regional variants, plus modern forms. Since the late 1970s it has acquired greater exposure outside the region thanks to the presence of migrant workers in Bangkok. Many
5345:
2664:
status. If a woman is tied to an occupation in a rural area as a farm or business owner, teacher, or similar profession, finding a suitable husband who is prepared to relocate is often not easy.
2568:) dancers. The fantastic costumes are changed several times throughout the program, and the transitions are bridged by often-raunchy gags, slapstick comedy, and speeches by local dignitaries. A
4868:
Chandler, David P.; Roff, William R.; Smail, John R.W.; Steinberg, David Joel; Taylor, Robert H.; Woodside, Alexander; Wyatt, David K. (1987) . "13 Siam, 1767–1868". In David, Steinberg (ed.).
1325:
Most of Thailand's rural poor live in Isan. The region's poverty is reflected in its infrastructure: eight of the ten provinces in Thailand with the fewest physicians per capita are in Isan.
517:
1919:, spoken by around 10,000 people, occupies a linguistic position somewhere between Lao and standard Thai, and is an archaic Central Thai dialect with heavy Khmer and some Lao influence.
2259:
Many primary schools operate their own websites and almost all schoolchildren in Isan, at least from junior high school age, are now (2008) largely computer literate in basic programs.
2801:
to a terminus a few kilometres north of the land border crossing. It remains unclear whether this line will be extended the remaining 20 kilometres to Vientiane, the capital of Laos.
1329:
has the fewest, with one physician per 14,661 persons in 2001, with the national average being 3,289. It also has eight of the ten provinces with the fewest hospital beds per head.
2648:, 191.5 births out of every 1,000 births in Isan were to adolescents aged 15–19. This is four times higher than the 2018 global average of 44 births per 1,000 according to the
2446:, and as assembly halls. They are mostly built in Lao-style, but with less ornamentation than the more elaborate central Thai temples or the Lao-style temples in central Laos.
2575:
Although there is no tradition of written secular literature in the Isan language, in the latter half of the 20th century the region produced several notable writers, such as
1954:, along the Cambodian border. Several small ethnic groups speak various other Austroasiatic languages, but most are fairly small and restricted to a few villages, or, like
2653:
2937:
Buses provide mass transport throughout the region. All provincial cities are connected to Bangkok by daily and nightly, direct, air-conditioned bus routes. All district
5118:
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; Reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention : Thailand
2641:
husband to the bride's family. A dowry will not normally be less than 40,000 baht, and according to the status of the bride and/or her family, can exceed 300,000 baht.
954:, which is very similar to the one that Thai adopted. Many people speak Isan, a variety of Lao, as their first language. A significant minority in the south also speak
2850:
The main highways have frequent, Western-style rest and refueling stations which accept payment by major credit/debit cards. In 2006, all fuel stations sell 91 and 95
1245:, which are cultivated on a vast scale, and to a lesser extent, rubber. Silk production is an important cottage industry and contributes significantly to the economy.
2819:("Friendship Highway") from Khorat to Nong Khai built by the United States in the 1960s at a cost of US$ 20 million to supply its northeastern military bases. A road
1306:. Nowadays, water buffalos are mainly kept by almost all rural families as status symbols. The main piece of agricultural equipment in use today is the "rot tai na" (
2266:
Universities are found in the major cities of Khon Kaen (one of the country's largest), Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani, and the smaller provincial capital of
1147:
2545:
needs a special mention as its festival-type production, which is very commonplace in Isan, has not been exported to other regions. When the locals speak of
1186:
Isan has high biodiversity and many endemic species. Both wildlife and plant species are exploited illegally. Valuable hardwood tree species, in particular
1923:
descent comprised anywhere from 60 to 74 per cent of the population, although minority language speakers are also bi- or trilingual in Isan, Thai or both.
4953:
3060:
Isan is divided into 20 provinces, grouped into three statistical subregions. Nakhon Ratchasima Province is considered by some to be in central Thailand.
5733:
4706:
633:; "northeastern region") may be used. The majority population of the Isan region is ethnically Lao, but distinguish themselves not only from the Lao of
5712:
5004:
1170:
in Sakon Nakhon Province includes the eight meter (26 ft) long Tang Pee Parn natural stone bridge. Among Thailand's best-known national parks are
2406:, a versatile length of cloth which can be used as a belt, a money and document belt, headwear for protection from the sun, a hammock, or a swimsuit.
5043:
4641:[Statistics, population and house statistics for the year 2019]. Registration Office Department of the Interior, Ministry of the Interior.
5628:
696:
2878:
to several northeastern towns was inaugurated. By 1963 there were regular flights between Bangkok and Nakhon Phanom, Ubon, Khon Kaen, and Udon.
5808:
4774:
Draper, John; Prasertsri, Paweena (2013), "The Isan Culture Maintenance and Revitalisation Programme's multilingual signage attitude survey",
2831:) jointly built by the Australian, Lao, and Thai governments forms the border crossing over the Mekong River on the outskirts of Nong Khai to
845:
from the more populous left (east) bank of the Mekong to the right bank in the 18th and 19th centuries. This became more severe following the
5835:
5813:
5124:(in English and Thai). United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. 28 July 2011. pp. 3, 5, 95. Archived from
5116:
4976:
2941:
towns operate at least one similar nightly route to and from Bangkok. All towns and villages are interconnected with frequent services of
5299:
5643:
5481:
4729:
2390:
Pattern of Bung Fai Line Sribhumi which made by handle scissors cutting the line without the broken line, Suwannaphum, Roi Et Province
1875:, the name by which the Lao language is called in Thailand for political reasons, though most people in the Isan region still call it
1376:
nations where landline service is now being superseded by cellular technology. The region also has the nation's lowest literacy rate.
889:
was established early in the 20th century to further Siamese control, and to further assimilation of the population into the kingdom.
5403:
Vail, P. T. (1998). MODERN "MUAI THAI" MYTHOLOGY. Crossroads: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 12(2), 75–95.
5227:
841:
The region was increasingly settled by both Lao and Thai emigrants. Thailand held sway from the 17th century, and carried out forced
1333:
has the fewest, with one per 1,131 in 2001 (the national average was 453). Nevertheless, as in the rest of Thailand, all districts (
2464:, originating in pre-Buddhist times, is celebrated in a number of locations both in Isan and in Laos. Other Isan festivals are the
2442:) is the major feature of most villages. These temples are used for not only religious ceremonies but also festivals, particularly
1132:
The cool season runs from October to February and the hot season from February to May with the peak of high temperatures in April.
5378:
2885:(at the present time no scheduled services due to its proximity to Bangkok making air service difficult to justify financially),
1911:) is also spoken by almost everyone and is the language used in education but natively spoken by one-fourth the population of in
5598:
5069:
4636:
5793:
4926:
1887:. The number of Isan speakers has been estimated at between 15–23 million, with the majority living in Isan. Written with the
169:
5722:
5701:
5235:
4877:
4851:
3025:
3006:
1413:
Average wages in Isan were the lowest in the country in 2002 at 3,928 baht per month (the national average was 6,445 baht).
3029:
5956:
5803:
5758:
Grandstaff, T. B., Grandstaff, S., Limpinuntana, V., & Suphanchaimat, N. "Rainfed revolution in northeast Thailand."
2355:(grilled chicken). These dishes have spread to other parts of Thailand, but normally in versions that temper the extreme
5798:
5150:
784:
was also considered to be in Isan, until the International Court of Justice in 1962 ruled that it belonged to Cambodia.
5355:
4825:
3989:
1371:
telephones to remote areas not previously served has been largely superseded by the use of mobile phones, primarily of
1141:
721:
1194:, rangers have been trained since 2015 in military-style counter-poaching measures by the elite ranger squad Hasadin.
5828:
5684:
5451:
5193:
122:
5771:
5734:"The Thai women who marry Western men: lessons from one village in northeast Thailand in Love, Money and Obligation"
2732:. Larger cities have Christian churches. Many major district towns have a small Christian church or chapel, usually
1215:
In terms of regional value-added per capita, Isan is Thailand's poorest region. Bangkok is the richest, followed by
1208:
Isan is home to one-third of Thailand's population of 67 million, but contributes only ten per cent to the national
1109:
varies from 2,000 mm (79 in) in some areas to 1,270 mm (50 in) in the southwestern provinces of
2894:
2465:
2309:
233:
103:
5024:
5770:, and Krisadawan Hongladarom. "Contesting Isan‐ness: discourses of politics and identity in Northeast Thailand."
3080:
3032:
border crossings particularly important due to the construction of bridges. Other major border crossings include
2772:(r. 1868–1910), the Ministry of Interior maintained a schedule which specified that messages between Bangkok and
2557:("go see mor'ram"). They are referring to the most common form of evening entertainment in the region. There are
75:
4623:
Information, Forest statistics Year 2019, Thailand boundary from Department of Provincial Administration in 2013
2925:, the original Bangkok international airport, while Thai Airways flights serve Bangkok International Airport in
2656:
set a target to reduce the number of unintended teenage pregnancies countrywide to 25 births per 1,000 by 2026.
1154:
is notable for its large daily exodus of bats at dusk, making a formation about 10 kilometers (6 mi) long.
4668:
3022:
2828:
1292:
1066:. Isan's other main river is the Chi, which flows through central Isan before turning south to meet the Mun in
217:
60:
5006:
Getting Back on Track; Reviving Growth and Securing Prosperity for All; Thailand Systematic Country Diagnostic
205:
5843:
4033:
2331:
influences found in Lao cuisine are absent in Isan. Popular Lao dishes that are also staples in Isan include
1895:), Isan belongs to the Chiang Saeng and Lao–Phutai language groups, which along with Thai are members of the
1070:. The smaller Loei and Songkhram rivers are also tributaries of the Mekong, the former flowing north through
870:
846:
2764:
Traditionally, messages between the government in Bangkok and Isan provincial outposts had been carried by "
198:
82:
6000:
5821:
874:
2955:, lit. "two rows") a covered truck-style bus or covered pick-up trucks with bench seats in the cargo bed.
2402:
most often have an embroidered border at the hem, while men's are in a checkered pattern. Men also wear a
1291:, and infertile from overuse. Since the 1970s, agriculture has been declining in importance as trade and
1106:
777:
229:
5417:
242:
4479:
4175:
4115:
4111:
3949:
2279:
1912:
1465:
1396:
1267:(which is dried, cured and shredded by the families before collection by cigarette manufacturers), and
1175:
1110:
1059:
684:
306:
221:
5521:
1433:, "The entire Northeast gained only 2.9 percent of country's tourism income of 2.7 trillion baht ."
787:
After the Khmer Empire began to decline in the 13th century, Isan was dominated by the Lao kingdom of
89:
5784:
4383:
4242:
4088:
4062:
4001:
3773:
2882:
2797:
2649:
1187:
1163:
1151:
1063:
800:
381:
5902:
5262:
4052:
3250:
2890:
581:
5864:
4613:[Table 2 Forest area Separate province year 2019]. Royal Forest Department (in Thai). 2019
920:
This policy extended to the use of the name "Isan" itself: the name is derived from the Pali word
713:
5125:
4263:
2477:
2473:
2414:
1927:
1521:
1191:
1159:
962:
366:
180:
71:
49:
4016:
616:. The total forest area is 25,203 km (9,731 sq mi) or 15 percent of Isan's area.
5466:
Keyes, Charles F. (1966). "Ethnic Identity and Loyalty of Villagers in Northeastern Thailand".
4443:
3729:
3602:
3382:
2447:
1987:
1931:
1854:
1430:
1272:
1234:
1171:
1167:
1118:
1083:
1055:
955:
773:
695:
are now the main ethnolinguistic group involved in the pro-Thaksin "Red Shirt movement" of the
371:
321:
301:
225:
2238:) capitals, with secondary (high) schools to grade 12 (approximately age 18) in the district (
2191:
Mostly Teochew, also Hokkien and Hailam, spoken by oldest members of the Sino-Isan community.
5691:
5303:
4841:
3338:
2898:
2495:
2229:
1900:
1694:
1379:
1079:
351:
56:
27:
5651:
2725:
5493:
4564:
4560:
4153:
3985:
2902:
2721:
2271:
1417:
1004:
858:
824:
812:
619:
Since the beginning of the 20th century, northeastern Thailand has been generally known as
605:
2702:
537:
8:
5851:
4581:
4572:
4516:
4373:
4278:
4198:
4157:
4105:
3514:
3294:
2619:
2015:
1955:
1330:
1126:
1075:
842:
781:
608:. Isan covers 167,718 km (64,756 sq mi), making it about half the size of
565:
532:
376:
296:
154:
2282:, formerly known as Rajabhat Institutes, which originated as teacher training colleges.
5382:
4799:
4757:
4585:
4577:
4520:
4510:
4469:
4427:
4423:
4369:
4326:
4269:
4236:
4231:
4193:
3558:
3162:
3118:
2340:
2328:
1880:
1256:
1122:
1087:
1032:
796:
680:
589:
361:
311:
291:
2315:
Isan food has elements most in common with Laos and is somewhat distinct from central
1858:
5942:
5917:
5892:
5877:
5718:
5697:
5680:
5622:
5447:
5351:
5231:
5189:
4883:
4873:
4847:
4821:
4803:
4791:
4761:
4749:
4680:
4679:. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC). July 2019.
4526:
4459:
4411:
4401:
4295:
4189:
4171:
4147:
4139:
3954:
3757:
3685:
3426:
2886:
2672:
fields, many hold lower-status jobs such as construction workers, stall vendors, and
2634:
2499:
2041:
1884:
1862:
1741:
1501:
1224:
1220:
931:
613:
597:
593:
336:
326:
266:
5606:
4646:
3234:
2428:
Library, Tung Sri Muang Temple, Ubon Ratchathani, illustrates the typical Isan style
2417:
popularized Thai silk among Westerners. One of the best-known types of Isan silk is
5937:
5932:
5927:
5887:
5506:
4783:
4741:
4489:
4449:
4417:
4407:
4363:
4338:
4300:
4215:
4184:
4039:
3997:
3905:
3817:
3778:
3470:
3052:
2777:
2599:
2584:
2576:
2363:
1951:
1943:
1497:
1489:
1477:
1326:
1216:
1114:
1067:
882:
862:
738:
601:
459:
346:
316:
286:
5279:
Wajuppa Tossa (translator). (pp. 27–34). Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press.
5277:
Phya Khankhaak, the Toad King: A Translation of an Isan Fertility Myth in Verse .
96:
5788:
5714:
Love, Money and Obligation: Transnational Marriage in a Northeastern Thai Village
5181:
4787:
4506:
4475:
4465:
4395:
4342:
4322:
4310:
4273:
4227:
4166:
4043:
3866:
3713:
3646:
3373:
3366:
3255:
2910:
2815:
2572:
festival is a family affair and the area is surrounded by food and drink stalls.
2457:
2399:
2368:
2141:
2080:
1765:
1203:
1028:
861:
suzerainty, and lost a war that lasted two years. Khorat was then repopulated by
816:
734:
725:
19th century map showing Isan region situated between Thailand, Laos and Cambodia
708:
331:
5215:
908:
811:
valley—and indeed anywhere in the interior of the Khorat Plateau—was founded at
5767:
4485:
4359:
4350:
4306:
4258:
4248:
4180:
4127:
4101:
4084:
4005:
3861:
3822:
2960:
2906:
2733:
2603:
2461:
2356:
2324:
2199:
1947:
1939:
1892:
1493:
1346:
1000:
978:
965:
concentrated around the core of what was once called "Chenla" and known as the
951:
569:
356:
3278:
5995:
5989:
5971:
5958:
5759:
5250:
5217:
5188:(eBook by BooksMango ed.). Bangkok: White Lotus Co, Ltd. pp. 7–12.
5158:
4925:
Keyes, Charles F (March 1967). "Isan: Regionalism in Northeastern Thailand".
4887:
4795:
4753:
4684:
4453:
4439:
4433:
4379:
4021:
3993:
3734:
3607:
3387:
3322:
3206:
3102:
3094:
2965:
2948:
2781:
2769:
2692:
2673:
2485:
2294:
2267:
2167:
2097:
2067:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1872:
1850:
1631:
1509:
1406:
Many Isan people seek higher-paying work outside the region, particularly in
1315:
1307:
1299:
1071:
947:
510:
498:
494:
474:
341:
5326:
4872:(Revised ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 113–117.
3417:
1452:
4958:
4556:
3889:
3343:
2958:
Taxi transport is not well developed, even in the very large cities, where
2926:
2914:
2875:
2765:
2696:
2681:
2615:
2536:
2323:
that accompanies almost every meal rather than non-sticky long-grain rice.
2316:
2183:
2154:
2120:
2054:
2028:
2001:
1935:
1876:
1866:
1654:
1513:
1485:
1102:
1008:
901:
866:
836:
765:
523:
4745:
3146:
2838:
2629:
1233:
is the largest sector of the economy, generating around 22 percent of the
892:
5571:
5094:
4552:
4389:
4211:
4058:
3940:
3845:
3410:
3014:
2580:
2320:
1916:
1908:
1618:
1583:
1570:
1557:
1529:
1442:
1352:
1259:, which stretches along the Mekong River, is noted for the production of
1230:
1094:
754:
643:
638:
430:
5482:"Isan: The planning context for language maintenance and revitalization"
4954:"Thailand's forest rangers step up training in violent 'blood wood' war"
4404:, born in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung
3764:
3454:
3190:
1054:. The Mekong's main Thai tributary is the Mun River, which rises in the
900:
In the mid-20th century, the state-supported assimilation policy called
5404:
5255:
4392:, born in Ubon Ratchathani Province, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung
4291:
4162:
4094:
3981:
3630:
3586:
3519:
3299:
3241:
2740:
2611:
2607:
2506:
2301:
1789:
1731:
1707:
1644:
1517:
1469:
1345:) have clinics providing primary health care. The introduction of the "
1155:
1024:
750:
746:
730:
675:
5794:
Annual population data for Thailand to 1997 (Chulalongkorn University)
2863:
2491:
2424:
5327:"(2) โรงเรียนบ้านโนนดินจี่ [ชัยภูมิ เขต 2] - Thai-school.net"
4568:
4462:, born in Kalasin Province, singing styles: Rock, Phleng phuea chiwit
4354:
3593:
3563:
3167:
3123:
3041:
3033:
2943:
2922:
2868:
2832:
2813:
There are 15,000 km (9,300 mi) of highway, centered on the
2773:
2755:
The railway network, one of the major transportation systems of Isan.
2623:
2591:
2521:
2453:
The people of Isan celebrate many traditional festivals, such as the
2275:
2232:, there are primary (elementary) schools in all larger villages and (
1473:
1384:
1357:
1260:
1238:
1050:
to the north and east of Isan, while the south of the region borders
1020:
1016:
854:
808:
761:
450:
256:
5044:"ISAAN LOVE TRIANGLE: THAI MEN FOUND LACKING BY FARANG-LOVING WOMEN"
3720:
3329:
2751:
2136:
Mukdahan, Nakhon Phanom, Ubon Ratchathani, Kalasin and Sakon Nakhon
542:; also written as Isaan, Isarn, Issarn, Issan, Esan, or Esarn; from
38:
5854:
5846:
4542:
4538:
4530:
4254:
3690:
3431:
3010:
2595:
2433:
2372:
2351:
2270:. Some Bangkok-based universities have small campuses in Isan, and
1664:
1525:
1505:
1368:
1051:
992:
850:
788:
742:
585:
561:
553:
468:
3801:
3505:
3498:
3285:
2553:
with stress on the second syllable), one will often hear them say
2123:, understood throughout Isan and common second or third language.
1961:
Other languages spoken in Isan, mainly by tribal minorities, are:
950:
and language in regional schools, the people of Isan wrote in the
4509:, the first Thai Olympic gold medalist in amateur boxer, born in
4398:, born in Udon Thani Province, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung
4346:
4143:
4135:
4131:
3910:
3549:
3542:
3475:
3153:
3109:
2989:
2729:
2531:
2511:
2443:
2421:, which is tie-dyed to produce geometric patterns on the thread.
2128:
1407:
1303:
1280:
1264:
1242:
1038:
913:
820:
795:. Due to a scarcity of information from the periods known as the
792:
609:
425:
5693:
Population, land and structural change in Sri Lanka and Thailand
5546:
4902:
Creating Laos: Making of A Laos Space Between Indochina and Siam
4843:
Population, land and structural change in Sri Lanka and Thailand
3674:
2386:
2378:
1879:
among themselves and in non-official settings, but dialect from
1023:
rivers, while the northern Sakon Nakhon plain is drained by the
983:
737:
in the form of cliff paintings, artifacts and early evidence of
543:
5418:"As teen pregnancies soar, Isaan youth calls for better sex-ed"
4546:
4534:
4420:, born in Yasothon Province, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung
3896:
3808:
3651:
3461:
3037:
2938:
2851:
2820:
2645:
2564:
2562:
choreography, executed by a group of up to 50 female (and some
2395:
2240:
2234:
1341:
1335:
1268:
969:("ancient Khmer"), are a link to the region's pre-Tai history.
927:
886:
878:
804:
667:
being stigma associated with the Lao identity in Thai society.
577:
573:
455:
4818:
Finding Their Voice: Northeastern Villagers and the Thai State
3637:
2413:. The trade received a major boost in the postwar years, when
1314:, lit. "vehicle plow field"), colloquially called "kwai lek" (
717:
Black ceramic jar, Ban Chiang culture, Thailand, 1200-800 BCE.
5347:
Asian Bites: A feast of flavors from Turkey to India to Japan
5186:
Tai Groups of Thailand, Vol 2: Profile of the Existing Groups
4493:
4436:, born in Roi Et Province, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung
3852:
2708:
2469:
2247:
1391:
By the beginning of 2008, most amphoe had been provided with
1248:
1012:
939:
3197:
1938:, both of which are found in Isan's southernmost provinces.
1035:. The soil is mostly sandy, with substantial salt deposits.
4608:
3211:
2835:, the capital of Laos, about 25 km (16 mi) away.
2410:
2345:
2305:
1457:
1400:
1392:
1288:
1284:
1047:
988:
772:(sanctuaries) throughout Isan. The most significant are at
634:
20:
5779:
4867:
2644:
Despite the influence of tradition, in 2013, according to
1271:, which are grown on an industrial scale, particularly in
699:. Several Thai prime ministers have come from the region.
5216:เรืองเดช ปันเขื่อนขัติย์ (Ruengdet Pankhuenkhat) (2009).
5095:"Thailand: Northeast(Isan)-Britanica Online Encyclopedia"
4934:. Ithaca: Department of Asian Studies, Cornell University
2988:), three-wheeled motorcycle taxis similar to the Bangkok
2438:
2308:. This affinity is shown in the region's cuisine, dress,
1372:
1252:
Phu Kra Dung is a well-known tourist destination in Isan.
1209:
1046:
The Mekong forms most of the border between Thailand and
995:
can be seen due to the greater deforestation within Isan.
4962:, London, 5 January 2016. Retrieved on 11 February 2017.
4928:
Cornell Thailand Project; Interim Reports Series, No. 10
2290:
655:, and academics have recently been referring to them as
5809:
Toward a Knowledge-Based Economy: Northeastern Thailand
1150:. Province Khon Kaen has four national parks, of which
865:
of Mekong Valley Lao, with a heavy influx of voluntary
2149:
Sakhon Nakhon, Nongkhai, Nakhon Phanom, Maha Sarakham
1537:
Ethnic groups of Northeast Thailand by language family
1101:
Rainfall is unpredictable, but is concentrated in the
560:"northeast") consists of 20 provinces in northeastern
5572:"ประวัติรัชนก อินทนนท์ ข้อมูลล่าสุดของรัชนก อินทนนท์"
4776:
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
2476:
in Khon Kaen, which promotes local handicrafts; the
2382:
Bung Fai Line Sribhumi, Suwannaphum, Roi Et Province
2319:. The most obvious difference is the consumption of
1488:
minority, concentrated in the southern provinces of
5219:ภาษาและวรรณกรรมท้องถิ่นล้านนา: ฉบับสำนวนภาษากำเมือง
4977:"Thailand takes a long-term gamble on Isaan region"
4671:
Gross Regional and Provincial Product, 2019 Edition
2274:maintains a large installation on the outskirts of
1996:Buriram, Sisaket, Surin, Roi Et, Nakhon Ratchasima
651:in general. But some refer to themselves as simply
63:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5416:Yang, Angela; Escobar, Joselle (12 January 2020).
5224:Northern Thai dialect and folk literature of Lanna
4734:International Journal of the Sociology of Language
2304:, and has much in common with that of neighboring
663:, with the main issue with self-identification as
5226:] (in Thai). Bangkok: Faculty of Humanities,
2654:Ministry of Social Development and Human Security
760:The region later came under the influence of the
5987:
5507:http://202.60.196.117/election2005/northeast.php
5041:
5012:. Washington: World Bank Group. 7 November 2016.
4773:
2618:. Isan's most famous sportsman is tennis player
2119:First-language speakers in cities, mostly among
1930:, with one and one-half million speakers of the
926:, meaning "northeast", in turn from the name of
4970:
4968:
4610:ตารางที่ 2 พี้นที่ป่าไม้ แยกรายจังหวัด พ.ศ.2562
4571:between 2009 and 2011, and currently plays for
4134:, but he is half-blooded from the provinces of
4011:
1520:("Soui"), who live in the south of Isan, speak
697:United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship
5109:
4999:
4997:
4638:รายงานสถิติจำนวนประชากรและบ้านประจำปี พ.ส.2562
4446:, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung, Thai pop
2590:Isan is known for producing a large number of
1015:: the southern Khorat plain is drained by the
5829:
5042:Thaitrakulpanich, Asaree (30 November 2017).
4920:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4910:
2728:, although this is combined with elements of
946:Before the central government introduced the
5799:Population statistics from citypopulation.de
5179:
4965:
4580:, football coach and former player, born in
4533:, She is half-blooded from the provinces of
3996:party took 126 of these seats, with six for
3009:, spanning the Mekong between the cities of
2768:" or by fast boat. During the reign of King
2409:Isan is a center for the production of Thai
2023:Spoken by small groups in most major cities
1524:and follow customs more similar to those of
1031:rivers. The two plains are separated by the
5763:Vol. 46, No. 3, December 2008, 289–376. PDF
5627:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
5473:
5415:
4994:
4721:
4645:(in Thai). 31 December 2019. Archived from
3047:
2973:
1528:than to those of the Thai and Lao, who are
873:, the resulting treaty with France and the
5836:
5822:
5804:Estimates to 2004, from world-gazeteer.com
5516:
5514:
4907:
4727:
4704:
3977:Note: Populations as of 31 December 2019.
3056:Upper, middle, and lower provinces of Isan
1339:) have a hospital, and all sub-districts (
987:Satellite image of Isan: the borders with
921:
628:
4767:
4661:
2472:in July in Ubon and other locations; the
123:Learn how and when to remove this message
5460:
4809:
4015:
3051:
2862:
2837:
2784:, 17 days outbound and 13 days inbound.
2750:
2701:
2691:
2628:
2490:
2423:
2385:
2377:
2362:
2289:
2246:
2218:
1451:
1378:
1351:
1247:
1037:
982:
907:
896:Isan under the French zone of influence.
891:
881:region between Thailand and the Laos of
819:) by an official in the service of King
720:
712:
399:167,718 km (64,756 sq mi)
5710:
5644:"รัชนก อินทนนท์: ลูกขนไก่อีสานพลัดถิ่น"
5642:Record, The Isaan (24 September 2017).
5511:
5441:
5070:"Nakhon Phanom eyed as new tourism hub"
5067:
4974:
4833:
2736:, and there are others in rural areas.
2278:. Most provinces have a government-run
2108:Nakhon Ratchasima, Buriram, Chaiyaphum
5988:
5731:
5641:
5479:
803:". Accordingly, in 1718 the first Lao
623:, while in official contexts the term
5817:
5486:Second Language Learning and Teaching
4924:
4815:
4631:
4629:
4603:
4601:
2394:The traditional dress of Isan is the
1934:and one-half million speakers of the
1816:Cannot identify ethnicity and amount
1062:and runs east, joining the Mekong in
1042:Cities, mountains, and rivers of Isan
999:Isan is roughly coterminous with the
509:
5689:
5405:http://www.jstor.org/stable/40860679
5343:
5324:
5282:
5269:
4839:
4430:, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung
4414:, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung
4386:, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung
4376:, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung
4366:, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung
2525:music, and have produced the hybrid
2251:Library, Ubon Ratchathani University
1958:, spoken by small groups in cities.
1105:from May to October. Average annual
61:adding citations to reliable sources
32:
5302:. School.obec.go.th. Archived from
5300:"Ban Sadaeo Primary School website"
4251:, born in Ubon Ratchathani Province
4097:, born in Ubon Ratchathani Province
3040:and the only non-Mekong checkpoint
2913:(domestic, scheduled services) and
2867:Thai Airways Airbus A300 departing
2780:, 12 days, and between Bangkok and
1584:Thai Khorat / Tai Beung / Tai Deung
943:and 'Cambodian' portions of Siam."
596:. To the west it is separated from
13:
5669:
4975:Janssen, Peter (2 November 2016).
4730:"Endangered languages of Thailand"
4626:
4598:
2776:took 12 days, between Bangkok and
2529:form. Another form of folk music,
1965:Minority languages spoken in Isan
1891:(instead of the historically used
1283:. In addition, the soil is highly
1174:in Nakhon Ratchasima Province and
1142:List of national parks of Thailand
14:
6012:
5752:
5442:Reyland, William (9 March 2017).
3980:Isan returns 136 of the national
3007:Second Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge
2759:
2746:
2223:Sakhon Nakhon Rajabhat University
1926:Isan is home to many speakers of
1135:
5901:
5863:
5845:
5596:
5261:
5022:
4051:
4032:
3939:
3932:
3895:
3888:
3851:
3844:
3807:
3800:
3763:
3756:
3719:
3712:
3673:
3636:
3629:
3592:
3585:
3548:
3541:
3504:
3497:
3460:
3453:
3416:
3409:
3372:
3365:
3328:
3321:
3284:
3277:
3240:
3233:
3196:
3189:
3152:
3145:
3108:
3101:
2917:(domestic, scheduled services).
2909:(domestic, scheduled services),
2905:(domestic, scheduled services),
2901:(domestic, scheduled services),
2842:Third Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge
2716:or 'the northeastern direction'.
2594:boxers. Many of the boxers from
2300:Isan's culture is predominantly
791:, which had been established by
691:identity has reemerged, and the
241:
216:From upper-left to lower-right:
204:
197:
186:
179:
168:
37:
5635:
5590:
5564:
5539:
5500:
5435:
5409:
5397:
5371:
5337:
5318:
5292:
5244:
5209:
5173:
5143:
5087:
5068:Sritama, Suchat (5 June 2018).
5061:
5035:
5016:
4946:
4894:
4472:, singing style: Songs for Life
2739:The world-famous Buddhist monk
2519:singers also sing central Thai
1766:Nyah Kur / Chao Bon / Khon Dong
1695:Thailand Khmer / Northern Khmer
1436:
1181:
1166:, both in Chaiyaphum Province.
830:
753:may predate similar tools from
729:Isan has a number of important
247:Northeastern Region in Thailand
48:needs additional citations for
16:Region of northeastern Thailand
5180:Schliesinger, Joachim (2001).
4861:
4698:
4545:and her mother is a native of
2712:who is revered as guardian of
2652:(WHO). In September 2019, the
1011:. The plateau consists of two
1:
5732:Rhoden, T. F. (1 July 2019).
5381:. Youtube.com. Archived from
5379:"Modern Isaan burlesque song"
4592:
4541:. Her father is a native of
4303:, born in Udon Thani Province
2062:Sakhon Nakhon, Amnat Charoen
2049:Nakhon Ratchasima, Chayaphum
1859:Thai language § Dialects
1456:Phi Ta Khon mask festival in
1447:
1429:According to the governor of
871:Franco-Siamese crisis of 1893
869:migrants. In the wake of the
768:. The latter built dozens of
749:tools such as those found at
564:. Isan is Thailand's largest
4788:10.1080/01434632.2013.814659
4728:Premsrirat, Suwilai (2007),
4529:, badminton player, born in
4281:, born in Khon Kaen Province
4266:, born in Khon Kaen Province
4245:, born in Khon Kaen Province
4239:, born in Khon Kaen Province
4142:. His father is a native of
4012:Notable natives or residents
2999:
2214:
1844:
1074:and the latter east through
972:
875:Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909
584:) to the north and east, by
7:
5871:Four-region division system
5711:Lapanun, Patcharin (2019).
5679:. Alpha Research Co. 2005.
4870:In search of Southeast Asia
4555:, football player, born in
4317:Martial arts choreographers
4146:and his mother is a native
2724:, the population is mostly
2687:
2468:, which marks the start of
1516:-speaking minority and the
1298:Very few farmers still use
853:, the last of the kings of
778:Phanom Rung Historical Park
538:
230:Phanom Rung Historical Park
10:
6017:
5923:Northeastern Region (Isan)
5911:Six-region division system
5883:Northeastern Region (Isan)
5677:Pocket Thailand in Figures
5522:"จอมพลสฤษดิ์ ธนะรัชต์ (1)"
4559:Province, who played with
4480:Nakhon Ratchasima Province
4176:Nakhon Ratchasima Province
4116:Nakhon Ratchasima Province
2285:
1913:Nakhon Ratchasima Province
1848:
1440:
1424:
1201:
1197:
1176:Phu Kradueng National Park
1139:
1060:Nakhon Ratchasima Province
976:
834:
706:
702:
685:2001 Thai general election
674:people are aware of their
307:Nakhon Ratchasima province
218:Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge
25:
18:
5910:
5899:
5870:
5861:
5650:(in Thai). Archived from
5599:"Ratchanok 'May' Intanon"
4519:, tennis player, born in
4384:Ubon Ratchathani Province
4243:Nichaphat Chatchaipholrat
4201:, born in Roi Et Province
4122:Politicians and activists
4089:Ubon Ratchathani Province
4063:Ubon Ratchathani Province
4020:Royal Grandmother Statue
2969:
2952:
2798:State Railway of Thailand
2650:World Health Organization
2579:(who writes in Thai) and
2198:
2182:
2166:
2153:
2140:
2127:
2096:
2092:
2079:
2066:
2053:
2040:
2027:
2014:
2000:
1986:
1983:
1972:
1722:
1635:
1319:
1311:
1164:Pa Hin Ngam National Park
1152:Phu Pha Man National Park
1064:Ubon Ratchathani Province
935:
847:Lao rebellion (1826–1828)
764:culture, followed by the
683:as prime minister in the
629:
625:phak tawan-ok-chiang-nuea
588:to the southeast and the
527:
502:
466:
449:
441:
436:
424:
416:
408:
403:
395:
390:
382:Ubon Ratchathani province
272:
262:
252:
240:
161:
152:
142:
5738:South China Morning Post
5717:. Singapore: NUS Press.
5218:
5182:"Chapter 2: Khorat Thai"
4637:
4609:
4071:Famous singers from Isan
3048:Administrative divisions
1007:in the west down to the
612:and roughly the size of
19:Not to be confused with
5761:Southeast Asian Studies
5275:Phra Ariyuwat. (1996).
5023:PCL., Post Publishing.
4816:Keyes, Charles (2013),
4264:Peechaya Wattanamontree
2874:In 1960 air service by
2804:
2787:
2622:, whose family is from
2539:minority in the south.
2448:Lao-style Buddha images
2312:, festivals, and arts.
2009:Surin, Sisaket, Buriram
1928:Austroasiatic languages
1901:Kra–Dai language family
1522:Austroasiatic languages
1484:There is a substantial
1160:Sai Thong National Park
445:US$ 51.5 billion (2019)
420:130/km (340/sq mi)
367:Nongbua Lamphu province
5787:5 October 2011 at the
4444:Amnat Charoen Province
4025:
3057:
2932:
2881:There are airports at
2871:
2858:
2843:
2756:
2717:
2699:
2637:
2535:, is popular with the
2502:
2429:
2391:
2383:
2375:
2335:, or in central Thai,
2297:
2252:
2224:
1932:Northern Khmer dialect
1855:Northern Khmer dialect
1460:
1431:Nakhon Phanom Province
1388:
1360:
1295:have been increasing.
1273:Si Chiang Mai District
1253:
1235:gross regional product
1172:Khao Yai National Park
1168:Phu Phan National Park
1056:Khao Yai National Park
1043:
996:
938:), a manifestation of
922:
917:
897:
774:Phimai Historical Park
726:
718:
641:by calling themselves
372:Amnat Charoen province
322:Maha Sarakham province
302:Nakhon Phanom province
5480:Draper, John (2004).
4746:10.1515/ijsl.2007.043
4482:, singing style: Rock
4456:, singing style: Rock
4019:
4000:and two each for the
3055:
3030:Nakhon Phanom-Thakhèk
2866:
2841:
2754:
2705:
2695:
2632:
2496:80th Birthday Stadium
2494:
2427:
2389:
2381:
2366:
2293:
2250:
2230:education in Thailand
2222:
1871:The main language is
1455:
1382:
1355:
1251:
1041:
986:
911:
895:
724:
716:
630:ภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ
352:Sakon Nakhon province
28:Isan (disambiguation)
5775:5.2 (2004): 219-234.
5690:Brow, James (1976).
4840:Brow, James (1976).
4643:stat.bora.dopa.go.th
4561:Melbourne Victory FC
4154:Praphas Charusathien
3984:'s 400 constituency
3026:Mukdahan-Savannakhét
2450:are also prevalent.
2272:Khon Kaen University
1942:is widely spoken in
1418:Khon Kaen University
1005:Phetchabun Mountains
963:Austroasiatic people
843:population transfers
825:Kingdom of Champasak
813:Suwannaphum District
606:Phetchabun Mountains
582:Laos–Thailand border
417: • Density
57:improve this article
26:For other uses, see
6001:Regions of Thailand
5968: /
5675:Alpha Research Co.
5331:www.thai-school.net
5029:www.bangkokpost.com
4981:Nikkei Asian Review
4582:Udon Thani Province
4573:Buriram United F.C.
4517:Paradorn Srichaphan
4374:Udon Thani Province
4279:Phakin Khamwilaisak
4199:Jiraporn Sindhuprai
4158:Udon Thani Province
4106:Udon Thani Province
3023:Nong Khai-Vientiane
2620:Paradorn Srichaphan
2367:Traditional drums,
2310:temple architecture
2280:Rajabhat University
2113:Krung Thep dialect
1966:
1558:Lao Isan / Thai Lao
1539:
1331:Chaiyaphum Province
1146:Isan has around 26
961:The Kuy people, an
877:made the plateau a
857:, rebelled against
782:Preah Vihear Temple
377:Udon Thani province
297:Chaiyaphum province
144:Northeastern Region
5654:on 20 October 2020
5609:on 2 December 2020
5597:Team, Bangkok101.
5576:www.thairath.co.th
5344:Kime, Tom (2008).
5251:Thai, Northeastern
4820:, Silkworm Books,
4709:. learnsanskrit.cc
4586:Khon Kaen Province
4578:Kiatisuk Senamuang
4521:Khon Kaen Province
4511:Khon Kaen Province
4470:Nong Khai Province
4428:Khon Kaen Province
4424:Mangpor Chonthicha
4370:Siriporn Ampaipong
4345:, singing styles:
4327:Khon Kaen Province
4270:Kanyawee Songmuang
4237:Sukollawat Kanarot
4232:Khon Kaen Province
4222:Actors and actress
4194:Khon Kaen Province
4026:
3058:
2996:for private hire.
2872:
2844:
2810:Second World War.
2757:
2743:was born in Isan.
2726:Theravāda Buddhist
2718:
2706:Thai depiction of
2700:
2638:
2606:are of ethnically
2503:
2480:in Surin; and the
2430:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2349:(meat salad), and
2341:green papaya salad
2298:
2253:
2225:
2155:Tai Yoy (Tai Gnoi)
1964:
1535:
1461:
1389:
1361:
1293:the service sector
1257:Nong Khai Province
1254:
1178:in Loei Province.
1044:
1033:Phu Phan Mountains
997:
918:
898:
797:Post-Angkor Period
727:
719:
681:Thaksin Shinawatra
637:but also from the
590:Sankamphaeng Range
511:[ʔīː.sǎːn]
487:Northeast Thailand
442: • Total
409: • Total
396: • Total
362:Nong Khai province
312:Bueng Kan province
292:Khon Kaen province
5951:
5950:
5724:978-981-4722-91-9
5703:978-90-04-04529-3
5696:. Brill Archive.
5648:เดอะอีสานเรคคอร์ด
5496:on 11 March 2014.
5259:(25th ed., 2022)
5237:978-974-11-1078-0
5131:on 9 October 2016
4952:Stokes, Demelza.
4879:978-0-8248-1110-5
4853:978-90-04-04529-3
4846:. Brill Archive.
4707:"Spoken Sanskrit"
4527:Ratchanok Intanon
4460:Thanapol Intharit
4412:Yasothon Province
4402:Maithai Huajaisin
4296:Yasothon Province
4190:Tiwagorn Withiton
4172:Prayut Chan-o-cha
4148:Mukdahan Province
4140:Mukdahan Province
3975:
3974:
3955:Nakhon Ratchasima
3950:Nakhon Ratchasima
2897:(international),
2829:Friendship Bridge
2635:Nakhon Ratchasima
2478:Elephant Round-up
2212:
2211:
1885:de facto standard
1863:Phu Thai language
1842:
1841:
1225:northern Thailand
1221:southern Thailand
1111:Nakhon Ratchasima
614:England and Wales
594:Nakhon Ratchasima
536:
484:
483:
337:Yasothon province
327:Mukdahan province
267:Nakhon Ratchasima
133:
132:
125:
107:
6008:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5979:
5978:
5973:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5964:
5961:
5905:
5867:
5850:
5849:
5838:
5831:
5824:
5815:
5814:
5781:The Isaan Record
5748:
5746:
5744:
5728:
5707:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5626:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5605:. Archived from
5594:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5583:
5568:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5543:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5518:
5509:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5492:. Archived from
5477:
5471:
5464:
5458:
5457:
5439:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5422:The Isaan Record
5413:
5407:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5375:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5341:
5335:
5334:
5322:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5296:
5290:
5286:
5280:
5273:
5267:
5266:
5265:
5248:
5242:
5241:
5213:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5177:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5161:on 16 March 2010
5157:. Archived from
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5130:
5123:
5113:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5102:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5065:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5039:
5033:
5032:
5020:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5001:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4972:
4963:
4950:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4933:
4922:
4905:
4900:Søren Ivarsson,
4898:
4892:
4891:
4865:
4859:
4857:
4837:
4831:
4830:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4714:
4705:Klaus Glashoff.
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4633:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4605:
4490:Buriram Province
4418:Monkaen Kaenkoon
4408:Phai Phongsathon
4364:Kalasin Province
4339:Jintara Poonlarp
4301:Sudarat Butrprom
4216:Buriram Province
4185:Buriram Province
4112:Khun Parissuddho
4055:
4040:Jintara Poonlarp
4036:
3943:
3936:
3899:
3892:
3855:
3848:
3811:
3804:
3779:Ubon Ratchathani
3774:Ubon Ratchathani
3767:
3760:
3723:
3716:
3677:
3640:
3633:
3596:
3589:
3552:
3545:
3508:
3501:
3464:
3457:
3420:
3413:
3376:
3369:
3332:
3325:
3288:
3281:
3244:
3237:
3200:
3193:
3156:
3149:
3112:
3105:
3063:
3062:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2954:
2891:Ubon Ratchathani
2825:Saphan Mitraphap
2816:Thanon Mitraphap
2778:Ubon Ratchathani
2722:rest of Thailand
2577:Khamsing Srinawk
2507:indigenous music
2482:bangfai phayanak
2142:Tai Yo (Tai Gno)
1970:Language family
1967:
1963:
1669:(not specified)
1543:Language family
1540:
1534:
1478:Ubon Ratchathani
1327:Sisaket Province
1321:
1313:
1217:central Thailand
1188:Siamese Rosewood
1068:Sisaket Province
937:
925:
883:French Indochina
863:forced migration
815:(in present-day
739:rice cultivation
632:
631:
602:central Thailand
548:
541:
531:
529:
521:
520:
519:
513:
508:
504:
471:
347:Sisaket province
317:Buriram province
287:Kalasin province
281:
245:
208:
201:
190:
183:
172:
140:
139:
128:
121:
117:
114:
108:
106:
65:
41:
33:
6016:
6015:
6011:
6010:
6009:
6007:
6006:
6005:
5986:
5985:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5967:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5947:
5943:Southern Region
5918:Northern Region
5906:
5897:
5893:Southern Region
5878:Northern Region
5868:
5857:
5844:
5842:
5789:Wayback Machine
5773:Asian Ethnicity
5768:McCargo, Duncan
5755:
5742:
5740:
5725:
5704:
5672:
5670:Further reading
5667:
5657:
5655:
5640:
5636:
5620:
5619:
5612:
5610:
5595:
5591:
5581:
5579:
5570:
5569:
5565:
5555:
5553:
5545:
5544:
5540:
5530:
5528:
5520:
5519:
5512:
5505:
5501:
5478:
5474:
5465:
5461:
5454:
5440:
5436:
5426:
5424:
5414:
5410:
5402:
5398:
5388:
5386:
5385:on 30 June 2014
5377:
5376:
5372:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5342:
5338:
5323:
5319:
5309:
5307:
5306:on 19 July 2011
5298:
5297:
5293:
5287:
5283:
5274:
5270:
5260:
5249:
5245:
5238:
5220:
5214:
5210:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5178:
5174:
5164:
5162:
5151:"Isaan Dialect"
5149:
5148:
5144:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5110:
5100:
5098:
5097:. Search.eb.com
5093:
5092:
5088:
5078:
5076:
5066:
5062:
5052:
5050:
5048:Khaosod English
5040:
5036:
5021:
5017:
5009:
5003:
5002:
4995:
4985:
4983:
4973:
4966:
4951:
4947:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4923:
4908:
4899:
4895:
4880:
4866:
4862:
4854:
4838:
4834:
4828:
4814:
4810:
4772:
4768:
4726:
4722:
4712:
4710:
4703:
4699:
4689:
4687:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4652:
4650:
4649:on 14 June 2019
4639:
4635:
4634:
4627:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4607:
4606:
4599:
4595:
4584:and resides at
4507:Somluck Kamsing
4476:Seksan Sukpimai
4466:Pongsit Kamphee
4396:Mike Phiromphon
4343:Roi Et Province
4323:Panna Rittikrai
4311:Roi Et Province
4274:Roi Et Province
4228:Nadech Kugimiya
4167:Roi Et Province
4087:Thera, born in
4075:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4056:
4048:
4047:
4044:Roi Et Province
4037:
4014:
3256:Nong Bua Lamphu
3251:Nong Bua Lamphu
3050:
3013:(Thailand) and
3002:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2935:
2861:
2807:
2790:
2762:
2749:
2690:
2680:The process of
2583:(who writes in
2466:Candle Festival
2458:Rocket Festival
2400:Women's sarongs
2369:Rocket Festival
2288:
2217:
2208:
2188:Unknown, dying
2184:Chinese, Minnan
2102:Khorat dialect
2094:
2010:
1990:
1988:Khmer, Northern
1869:
1849:Main articles:
1847:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1427:
1356:Central Plaza,
1206:
1204:Economy of Isan
1200:
1184:
1144:
1138:
981:
975:
912:Phanom Rung in
849:, during which
839:
833:
817:Roi Et Province
735:prehistoric art
711:
709:History of Isan
705:
546:
515:
514:
506:
467:
386:
332:Roi Et province
283:
282:
279:
248:
236:
234:Candle Festival
214:
213:
212:
211:
210:
209:
202:
193:
192:
191:
184:
175:
174:
173:
157:
148:
145:
138:
129:
118:
112:
109:
66:
64:
54:
42:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6014:
6004:
6003:
5998:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5945:
5940:
5938:Eastern Region
5935:
5933:Central Region
5930:
5928:Western Region
5925:
5920:
5914:
5912:
5908:
5907:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5895:
5890:
5888:Central Region
5885:
5880:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5841:
5840:
5833:
5826:
5818:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5777:
5765:
5754:
5753:External links
5751:
5750:
5749:
5729:
5723:
5708:
5702:
5687:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5665:
5634:
5589:
5563:
5538:
5526:Hello Mukdahan
5510:
5499:
5472:
5459:
5452:
5446:. Booksmango.
5434:
5408:
5396:
5370:
5357:978-0756643263
5356:
5336:
5317:
5291:
5281:
5268:
5243:
5236:
5208:
5194:
5172:
5142:
5108:
5086:
5060:
5034:
5025:"Bangkok Post"
5015:
4993:
4964:
4945:
4906:
4893:
4878:
4860:
4852:
4832:
4827:978-6162150746
4826:
4808:
4766:
4720:
4697:
4660:
4625:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4575:
4550:
4524:
4514:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4486:Lalisa Manoban
4483:
4473:
4463:
4457:
4447:
4437:
4431:
4421:
4415:
4405:
4399:
4393:
4387:
4377:
4367:
4360:Honey Sri-Isan
4357:
4351:Thai pop music
4335:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4307:Suthep Po-ngam
4304:
4298:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4276:
4267:
4261:
4259:Surin Province
4252:
4249:Sombat Metanee
4246:
4240:
4234:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4202:
4196:
4187:
4181:Newin Chidchob
4178:
4169:
4160:
4151:
4128:Sarit Thanarat
4124:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4108:
4102:Ajahn Maha Bua
4098:
4091:
4085:Mun Bhuridatta
4080:
4079:
4078:Buddhist monks
4070:
4069:
4057:
4050:
4049:
4038:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4024:, Sakon Nakhon
4013:
4010:
4006:Mahachon Party
4002:Democrat party
3973:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3944:
3937:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3900:
3893:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3856:
3849:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3812:
3805:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3768:
3761:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3724:
3717:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3641:
3634:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3597:
3590:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3553:
3546:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3509:
3502:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3465:
3458:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3421:
3414:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3377:
3370:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3333:
3326:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3289:
3282:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3245:
3238:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3201:
3194:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3157:
3150:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3113:
3106:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3049:
3046:
3001:
2998:
2934:
2931:
2860:
2857:
2806:
2803:
2789:
2786:
2761:
2760:Communications
2758:
2748:
2747:Transportation
2745:
2734:Roman Catholic
2689:
2686:
2555:pai doo morram
2527:luk thung Isan
2488:of Nong Khai.
2486:Naga fireballs
2462:fertility rite
2287:
2284:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2175:Nakhon Phanom
2173:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2162:Sakhon Nakhon
2160:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2075:Sakhon Nakhon
2073:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1984:Austroasiatic
1981:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1917:Khorat dialect
1893:Tai Noi script
1846:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1787:
1786:Austroasiatic
1783:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1775:Austroasiatic
1772:
1771:
1768:
1763:
1762:Austroasiatic
1759:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1751:Austroasiatic
1748:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1738:Austroasiatic
1735:
1734:
1729:
1728:Austroasiatic
1725:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1717:Austroasiatic
1714:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1704:Austroasiatic
1701:
1700:
1697:
1692:
1691:Austroasiatic
1688:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1665:Tai-Dam (Song)
1662:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1449:
1446:
1438:
1435:
1426:
1423:
1300:water buffalos
1202:Main article:
1199:
1196:
1183:
1180:
1158:fields are in
1148:national parks
1140:Main article:
1137:
1136:National parks
1134:
1001:Khorat Plateau
979:Khorat Plateau
977:Main article:
974:
971:
956:Northern Khmer
952:Tai Noi script
835:Main article:
832:
829:
801:mandala system
707:Main article:
704:
701:
570:Khorat Plateau
482:
481:
472:
464:
463:
453:
447:
446:
443:
439:
438:
434:
433:
428:
422:
421:
418:
414:
413:
410:
406:
405:
401:
400:
397:
393:
392:
388:
387:
385:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
357:Surin province
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
278:
277:
276:
274:
270:
269:
264:
260:
259:
254:
250:
249:
246:
238:
237:
215:
203:
196:
195:
194:
185:
178:
177:
176:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
162:
159:
158:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
136:
131:
130:
45:
43:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6013:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5984:
5981:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5909:
5904:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5866:
5860:
5856:
5853:
5848:
5839:
5834:
5832:
5827:
5825:
5820:
5819:
5816:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5757:
5756:
5739:
5735:
5730:
5726:
5720:
5716:
5715:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5695:
5694:
5688:
5686:
5685:974-90374-7-2
5682:
5678:
5674:
5673:
5653:
5649:
5645:
5638:
5630:
5624:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5593:
5577:
5573:
5567:
5552:
5548:
5547:"Pira Sudham"
5542:
5527:
5523:
5517:
5515:
5508:
5503:
5495:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5476:
5469:
5463:
5455:
5453:9786162450655
5449:
5445:
5438:
5423:
5419:
5412:
5406:
5400:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5359:
5353:
5349:
5348:
5340:
5332:
5328:
5321:
5305:
5301:
5295:
5285:
5278:
5272:
5264:
5258:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5239:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5212:
5197:
5195:9781633232358
5191:
5187:
5183:
5176:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5146:
5127:
5120:
5119:
5112:
5096:
5090:
5075:
5071:
5064:
5049:
5045:
5038:
5030:
5026:
5019:
5008:
5007:
5000:
4998:
4982:
4978:
4971:
4969:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4949:
4930:
4929:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4911:
4903:
4897:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4875:
4871:
4864:
4855:
4849:
4845:
4844:
4836:
4829:
4823:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4724:
4708:
4701:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4672:
4664:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4632:
4630:
4612:
4604:
4602:
4597:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4458:
4455:
4454:Loei Province
4451:
4448:
4445:
4441:
4440:Am Chonthicha
4438:
4435:
4434:Vieng Narumon
4432:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4380:Banyen Rakgan
4378:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4023:
4022:Srinagarindra
4018:
4009:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3994:Thai Rak Thai
3991:
3990:2005 election
3987:
3983:
3978:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3735:Amnat Charoen
3733:
3731:
3730:Amnat Charoen
3728:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3608:Maha Sarakham
3606:
3604:
3603:Maha Sarakham
3601:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3388:Nakhon Phanom
3386:
3384:
3383:Nakhon Phanom
3381:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3054:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3008:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2899:Nakhon Phanom
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2870:
2865:
2856:
2853:
2848:
2840:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2811:
2802:
2799:
2794:
2785:
2783:
2782:Luang Prabang
2779:
2775:
2771:
2770:Chulalongkorn
2767:
2753:
2744:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2694:
2685:
2683:
2678:
2675:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2474:Silk Festival
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2388:
2380:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2295:Loei Province
2292:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2268:Maha Sarakham
2264:
2260:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2221:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2180:Sino-Tibetan
2179:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1982:
1979:Distribution
1978:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1897:Tai languages
1894:
1890:
1889:Thai alphabet
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1851:Isan language
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:Austroasiatic
1798:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1546:Ethnic group
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1510:Nakhon Phanom
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1479:
1476:113,828; and
1475:
1471:
1467:
1459:
1454:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:Extension of
1365:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:Maha Sarakham
1116:
1112:
1108:
1107:precipitation
1104:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1084:Nakhon Phanom
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:Loei Province
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
994:
990:
985:
980:
970:
968:
964:
959:
957:
953:
949:
948:Thai alphabet
944:
941:
933:
929:
924:
915:
910:
906:
903:
894:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
838:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
723:
715:
710:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
677:
673:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
645:
640:
636:
626:
622:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
545:
540:
534:
525:
518:
512:
500:
496:
492:
488:
480:
476:
473:
470:
465:
461:
457:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
432:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
398:
394:
389:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
342:Loei province
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
284:
275:
271:
268:
265:
261:
258:
255:
251:
244:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
207:
200:
189:
182:
171:
160:
156:
151:
141:
135:
127:
124:
116:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74: –
73:
69:
68:Find sources:
62:
58:
52:
51:
46:This article
44:
40:
35:
34:
29:
22:
5953:
5922:
5882:
5780:
5772:
5760:
5743:24 September
5741:. Retrieved
5737:
5713:
5692:
5676:
5656:. Retrieved
5652:the original
5647:
5637:
5611:. Retrieved
5607:the original
5602:
5592:
5580:. Retrieved
5575:
5566:
5554:. Retrieved
5550:
5541:
5529:. Retrieved
5525:
5502:
5494:the original
5489:
5485:
5475:
5468:Asian Survey
5467:
5462:
5444:Sons of Isan
5443:
5437:
5425:. Retrieved
5421:
5411:
5399:
5387:. Retrieved
5383:the original
5373:
5361:. Retrieved
5346:
5339:
5330:
5320:
5308:. Retrieved
5304:the original
5294:
5284:
5276:
5271:
5254:
5246:
5223:
5211:
5199:. Retrieved
5185:
5175:
5163:. Retrieved
5159:the original
5154:
5145:
5133:. Retrieved
5126:the original
5117:
5111:
5099:. Retrieved
5089:
5077:. Retrieved
5074:Bangkok Post
5073:
5063:
5051:. Retrieved
5047:
5037:
5028:
5018:
5005:
4984:. Retrieved
4980:
4959:The Guardian
4957:
4948:
4936:. Retrieved
4927:
4904:(2008), p.41
4901:
4896:
4869:
4863:
4842:
4835:
4817:
4811:
4779:
4775:
4769:
4737:
4733:
4723:
4713:18 September
4711:. Retrieved
4700:
4688:. Retrieved
4676:
4670:
4663:
4651:. Retrieved
4647:the original
4642:
4615:. Retrieved
4557:Sakon Nakhon
4450:Asanee–Wasan
3979:
3976:
3344:Sakon Nakhon
3339:Sakon Nakhon
3059:
3019:
3003:
2993:
2983:three wheels
2959:
2957:
2942:
2936:
2927:Suvarnabhumi
2919:
2903:Sakon Nakhon
2893:(domestic),
2889:(domestic),
2880:
2876:Thai Airways
2873:
2849:
2845:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2795:
2791:
2766:pony express
2763:
2738:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2697:Phu Kradueng
2682:Thaification
2679:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2643:
2639:
2589:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2549:(pronounced
2546:
2542:
2541:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2481:
2454:
2452:
2437:
2431:
2418:
2415:Jim Thompson
2408:
2403:
2393:
2350:
2344:
2336:
2333:tam mak hung
2332:
2317:Thai cuisine
2314:
2299:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2239:
2233:
2226:
2098:Central Thai
2055:Bru, Eastern
2042:Nyah Kur/Mon
2029:Bru, Western
1960:
1936:Kuy language
1925:
1921:
1905:Central Thai
1870:
1867:Kuy language
1836:
1831:
1826:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1778:Aheu people
1684:
1679:
1674:
1571:Central Thai
1536:
1504:refugees in
1483:
1462:
1437:Demographics
1428:
1415:
1412:
1405:
1390:
1366:
1362:
1340:
1334:
1324:
1302:rather than
1297:
1277:
1255:
1229:
1214:
1207:
1185:
1182:Biodiversity
1145:
1131:
1103:rainy season
1100:
1093:The average
1092:
1080:Sakon Nakhon
1045:
1009:Mekong River
998:
966:
960:
945:
919:
902:Thaification
899:
840:
837:Thaification
831:Thaification
786:
769:
766:Khmer Empire
759:
733:sites, with
728:
692:
688:
671:
669:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
642:
639:Central Thai
624:
620:
618:
578:Mekong River
557:
549:
490:
486:
485:
478:
280:20 provinces
263:Largest city
222:Phu Kradueng
134:
119:
113:January 2020
110:
100:
93:
86:
79:
67:
55:Please help
50:verification
47:
5975: /
5603:Bangkok 101
5551:Pira Sudham
5350:. Penguin.
5053:30 November
4740:(186): 76,
4653:26 February
4553:Surat Sukha
4390:Tai Orathai
4212:Pira Sudham
4059:Tai Orathai
3085:Population
3015:Savannakhet
2855:available.
2581:Pira Sudham
2509:of Isan is
2455:Bun Bungfai
2436:temple (or
2321:sticky rice
2196:Hmong-Mien
1909:Khorat Thai
1562:13,000,000
1530:Tai peoples
1500:, and some
1443:Isan people
1387:Raja Orchid
1281:cultivation
1231:Agriculture
1095:temperature
1090:Provinces.
967:Khmer Boran
755:Mesopotamia
580:(along the
5990:Categories
5972:16°N 103°E
5852:Regions of
5556:2 December
5427:31 January
5325:easyzone.
5256:Ethnologue
5165:2 December
4986:3 November
4782:(7): 618,
4690:22 January
4593:References
4488:, born in
4478:, born in
4468:, born in
4452:, born in
4442:, born in
4426:, born in
4410:, born in
4382:, born in
4372:, born in
4362:, born in
4341:, born in
4325:, born in
4309:, born in
4294:, born in
4292:Mum Jokmok
4272:, born in
4257:, born in
4230:, born in
4214:, born in
4192:, born in
4183:, born in
4174:, born in
4165:, born in
4163:Anon Nampa
4156:, born in
4130:, born in
4114:, born in
4110:Luang Por
4104:, born in
4095:Ajahn Chah
4093:Luang Por
3998:Chart Thai
3982:parliament
3962:2,648,927
3918:1,595,747
3874:1,396,831
3830:1,472,859
3786:1,878,146
3659:1,305,211
3571:1,802,872
3527:1,137,357
3520:Chaiyaphum
3515:Chaiyaphum
3351:1,153,390
3307:1,586,646
3300:Udon Thani
3295:Udon Thani
3088:Area (km)
2895:Udon Thani
2741:Ajahn Chah
2720:As in the
2709:Phra Isuan
2329:Vietnamese
2200:Hmong/Mong
2168:Saek (Sèk)
2016:Vietnamese
1993:1,400,000
1956:Vietnamese
1915:only. The
1837:21,300,000
1821:3,288,000
1742:Vietnamese
1708:Kuy / Kuay
1699:1,400,000
1685:16,103,000
1596:Thai-Loei
1518:Kuy people
1502:Vietnamese
1470:Udon Thani
1448:Population
1441:See also:
1261:pineapples
1156:Siam tulip
1127:Chaiyaphum
1076:Udon Thani
751:Ban Chiang
731:Bronze Age
507:pronounced
412:22,017,248
404:Population
83:newspapers
5658:20 August
5613:20 August
5582:20 August
5578:(in Thai)
5363:24 August
5155:Siamsmile
5135:8 October
4938:16 August
4888:500095794
4858:, page 47
4804:143763692
4796:0143-4632
4762:144238668
4754:0165-2516
4685:1686-0799
4569:Australia
4355:Luk thung
4286:Comedians
4061:(born in
4042:(born in
3988:. In the
3564:Khon Kaen
3559:Khon Kaen
3168:Nong Khai
3163:Nong Khai
3124:Bueng Kan
3119:Bueng Kan
3074:Province
3042:Chong Mek
3034:Bueng Kan
3000:Waterways
2944:songthaew
2923:Don Muang
2887:Khon Kaen
2869:Khon Kaen
2833:Vientiane
2774:Nong Khai
2633:The Mall
2624:Khon Kaen
2592:muay Thai
2522:luk thung
2505:The main
2276:Nong Khai
2244:) towns.
2215:Education
2036:Mukdahan
1976:Speakers
1973:Language
1881:Khon Kaen
1845:Languages
1810:1,909,000
1607:Phu Thai
1474:Khon Kaen
1472:137,979;
1468:142,169;
1385:Khon Kaen
1358:Khon Kaen
1320:ควายเหล็ก
1239:sugarcane
1192:Ta Phraya
1123:Khon Kaen
1088:Nong Khai
1029:Songkhram
973:Geography
855:Vientiane
809:Chi River
762:Dvaravati
649:Thai Isan
644:khon Isan
592:south of
568:, on the
533:romanized
451:Time zone
431:Khon Isan
273:Provinces
257:Khon Kaen
5855:Thailand
5785:Archived
5623:cite web
5289:Nations.
4677:<>
4565:Victoria
4543:Yasothon
4539:Yasothon
4531:Yasothon
4255:Tony Jaa
4100:Luangta
3742:378,438
3698:537,299
3691:Yasothon
3686:Yasothon
3615:962,665
3483:983,418
3439:353,174
3432:Mukdahan
3427:Mukdahan
3395:719,136
3263:512,780
3219:642,950
3175:522,311
3131:424,091
3091:Density
3077:Capital
3011:Mukdahan
2688:Religion
2596:Srisaket
2434:Buddhist
2373:Yasothon
2352:kai yang
2204:Unknown
2146:500,000
2133:500,000
2116:100,000
2105:500,000
2006:400,000
1712:400,000
1636:200,000
1623:500,000
1610:500,000
1599:500,000
1588:600,000
1575:800,000
1549:Persons
1526:Cambodia
1506:Mukdahan
1383:Pullman
1369:landline
1304:tractors
1269:tomatoes
1052:Cambodia
993:Cambodia
932:Sanskrit
851:Anouvong
789:Lan Xang
693:Lao Isan
689:Lao Isan
672:Lao Isan
661:Thai Lao
657:Lao Isan
598:northern
586:Cambodia
574:bordered
562:Thailand
556:ईशान्य
554:Sanskrit
547:𑀇𑀲𑀸𑀦
469:Language
226:Khao Yai
147:ภาคอีสาน
5977:16; 103
5531:26 June
4617:6 April
4347:mor lam
4333:Singers
4206:Writers
4144:Bangkok
4136:Bangkok
4132:Bangkok
3965:20,736
3921:10,080
3911:Buriram
3906:Buriram
3823:Sisaket
3818:Sisaket
3789:15,626
3574:10,659
3530:12,698
3476:Kalasin
3471:Kalasin
3310:11,072
3222:10,500
2994:samlors
2990:tuk-tuk
2977:
2911:Buriram
2730:animism
2674:tuk-tuk
2610:(Kuy),
2600:Buriram
2585:English
2570:mor lam
2559:mor lam
2551:mor'ram
2547:mor lam
2543:Mor lam
2532:kantrum
2517:mor lam
2512:mor lam
2460:. This
2444:mor lam
2419:mut-mee
2337:som tam
2286:Culture
2172:~7,000
2159:50,000
2129:Phuthai
2121:Chinese
2093:Kra-Dai
2033:20,000
2020:20,000
1952:Sisaket
1944:Buriram
1899:of the
1757:10,000
1746:20,000
1723:70,000
1632:Kaleung
1498:Sisaket
1490:Buriram
1425:Tourism
1408:Bangkok
1395:by the
1347:30 baht
1265:tobacco
1243:cassava
1223:, then
1198:Economy
1115:Buriram
914:Buriram
867:Chinese
859:Siamese
823:of the
821:Nokasad
807:in the
793:Fa Ngum
770:prasats
703:History
610:Germany
604:by the
576:by the
535::
426:Demonym
253:Capital
97:scholar
5721:
5700:
5683:
5450:
5354:
5234:
5201:9 July
5192:
5079:5 June
4886:
4876:
4850:
4824:
4802:
4794:
4760:
4752:
4683:
4547:Roi Et
4535:Roi Et
4501:Sports
4496:singer
4083:Ajahn
3992:, the
3971:TH-30
3927:TH-31
3883:TH-32
3877:8,854
3839:TH-33
3833:8,936
3795:TH-34
3751:TH-37
3745:3,290
3707:TH-35
3701:4,131
3668:TH-45
3662:7,873
3652:Roi Et
3647:Roi Et
3624:TH-44
3618:5,607
3580:TH-40
3536:TH-36
3492:TH-46
3486:6,936
3448:TH-49
3442:4,126
3404:TH-48
3398:5,637
3360:TH-47
3354:9,580
3316:TH-41
3272:TH-39
3266:4,099
3228:TH-42
3184:TH-43
3178:3,275
3140:TH-38
3134:4,003
3038:Pakxan
2970:สามล้อ
2961:samlor
2953:สองแถว
2939:amphoe
2907:Roi Et
2883:Khorat
2852:octane
2821:bridge
2646:UNICEF
2565:katoey
2500:Khorat
2404:pakama
2396:sarong
2325:French
2241:amphoe
2235:tambon
2081:Mlabri
2059:5,000
2046:8,000
1950:, and
1865:, and
1794:1,000
1781:1,500
1770:7,000
1512:. The
1496:, and
1466:Khorat
1464:were:
1342:tambon
1336:amphoe
1312:รถไถนา
1289:saline
1285:acidic
1125:, and
1086:, and
1013:plains
887:Roi Et
879:border
805:mueang
747:bronze
687:, the
659:or as
566:region
558:īśānya
479:others
155:Region
137:Region
99:
92:
85:
78:
72:"Isan"
70:
5963:103°E
5389:2 May
5310:2 May
5222:[
5129:(PDF)
5122:(PDF)
5101:2 May
5010:(PDF)
4932:(PDF)
4800:S2CID
4758:S2CID
4494:K-pop
3867:Surin
3862:Surin
3069:Seal
3066:Flag
2823:(the
2616:Khmer
2614:, or
2604:Surin
2537:Khmer
2470:vassa
2088:Loei
1948:Surin
1940:Khmer
1832:Total
1827:Total
1805:Total
1754:Nyeu
1680:Total
1655:Phuan
1514:Khmer
1494:Surin
1486:Khmer
1058:near
940:Shiva
928:Iśāna
550:isāna
528:ອີສານ
503:อีสาน
456:UTC+7
104:JSTOR
90:books
5996:Isan
5960:16°N
5745:2019
5719:ISBN
5698:ISBN
5681:ISBN
5660:2020
5629:link
5615:2020
5584:2020
5558:2017
5533:2015
5448:ISBN
5429:2020
5391:2010
5365:2015
5352:ISBN
5312:2010
5232:ISBN
5203:2017
5190:ISBN
5167:2017
5137:2016
5103:2010
5081:2018
5055:2017
4988:2016
4940:2019
4884:OCLC
4874:ISBN
4848:ISBN
4822:ISBN
4792:ISSN
4750:ISSN
4738:2007
4715:2021
4692:2020
4681:ISSN
4655:2020
4619:2021
4537:and
4138:and
4004:and
3968:128
3924:159
3880:157
3836:165
3792:120
3748:115
3704:130
3665:166
3621:172
3577:169
3489:142
3401:127
3357:121
3313:143
3269:125
3212:Loei
3207:Loei
3181:160
3137:106
3081:DOPA
3028:and
2974:lit.
2966:Thai
2949:Thai
2915:Loei
2805:Road
2796:The
2788:Rail
2714:Isan
2608:Suai
2602:and
2432:The
2411:silk
2357:heat
2346:larb
2327:and
2306:Laos
2207:Loei
2085:300
2072:740
2068:Aheu
1873:Isan
1661:Tai
1651:Tai
1641:Tai
1628:Tai
1619:Nyaw
1615:Tai
1604:Tai
1593:Tai
1580:Tai
1567:Tai
1554:Tai
1508:and
1458:Loei
1401:VOIP
1393:ADSL
1316:Thai
1308:Thai
1241:and
1162:and
1048:Laos
1027:and
1025:Loei
1019:and
991:and
989:Laos
936:ईशान
923:IAST
776:and
745:and
743:Iron
670:The
635:Laos
621:Isan
600:and
544:Pāli
539:Īsān
499:Thai
495:Isan
491:Isan
475:Isan
391:Area
232:and
76:news
21:Iran
5253:at
5228:MCU
4784:doi
4742:doi
3986:MPs
3959:21
3946:20
3915:28
3902:19
3871:69
3858:18
3827:56
3814:17
3783:77
3770:16
3739:73
3726:15
3695:46
3682:14
3656:48
3643:13
3612:43
3599:12
3555:11
3533:91
3524:11
3511:10
3445:87
3436:44
3392:20
3348:57
3304:74
3260:71
3225:61
3216:55
3172:70
3128:27
3095:ISO
2933:Bus
2859:Air
2827:or
2612:Lao
2587:).
2498:in
2484:or
2439:wat
2343:),
2302:Lao
2002:Kuy
1883:is
1877:Lao
1790:Mon
1732:Bru
1720:So
1675:Tai
1645:Yoy
1397:TOT
1373:GSM
1210:GDP
1021:Chi
1017:Mun
676:Lao
665:Lao
653:Lao
647:or
552:or
524:Lao
460:ICT
437:GDP
59:by
5992::
5736:.
5646:.
5625:}}
5621:{{
5601:.
5574:.
5549:.
5524:.
5513:^
5488:.
5484:.
5420:.
5329:.
5230:.
5184:.
5153:.
5072:.
5046:.
5027:.
4996:^
4979:.
4967:^
4956:,
4909:^
4882:.
4798:,
4790:,
4780:34
4778:,
4756:,
4748:,
4736:,
4732:,
4675:.
4628:^
4600:^
4567:,
4563:,
4492:,
4353:,
4349:,
4008:.
3568:6
3480:4
3467:9
3423:8
3379:7
3335:6
3291:5
3247:4
3203:3
3159:2
3115:1
2972:,
2968::
2951::
2929:.
2626:.
2598:,
2398:.
2371:,
1946:,
1903:.
1861:,
1857:,
1853:,
1532:.
1492:,
1416:A
1318::
1310::
1287:,
1275:.
1263:,
1219:,
1212:.
1121:,
1117:,
1113:,
1082:,
1078:,
958:.
934::
885:.
827:.
780:.
757:.
741:.
572:,
530:,
526::
522:;
505:,
501::
489:or
477:•
228:,
224:,
220:,
5837:e
5830:t
5823:v
5747:.
5727:.
5706:.
5662:.
5631:)
5617:.
5586:.
5560:.
5535:.
5490:4
5470:.
5456:.
5431:.
5393:.
5367:.
5333:.
5314:.
5240:.
5205:.
5169:.
5139:.
5105:.
5083:.
5057:.
5031:.
4990:.
4942:.
4890:.
4856:.
4786::
4744::
4717:.
4694:.
4673:"
4669:"
4657:.
4621:.
4588:.
4549:.
4523:.
4513:.
4150:.
4065:)
4046:)
3036:-
2986:'
2980:'
2964:(
2947:(
2339:(
1907:(
930:(
916:.
627:(
497:/
493:(
462:)
458:(
126:)
120:(
115:)
111:(
101:·
94:·
87:·
80:·
53:.
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.