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for putting into effect the declaration originally made on 2 November 1917 by the
British Government, and adopted by the other Allied Powers, in favour of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.
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to decide if Smyrna's citizens wished to join Greece or to remain in the
Ottoman Empire. The treaty accepted Greek administration of the Smyrna enclave, but the area remained under Turkish sovereignty. To protect the Christian population from attacks by the Turkish irregulars, the Greek army expanded its jurisdiction also to nearby cities creating the so-called "Smyrna Zone".
1468:. Navigation would be open in the Dardanelles in times of peace and war alike to all vessels of commerce and war, regardless of flag. That would effectively lead to the internationalisation of the waters, which were not to be subject to blockade, and no act of war could be committed there except to enforce decisions of the League of Nations.
1168:. Article 230 of the Treaty of Sèvres required the Ottoman Empire to "hand over to the Allied Powers the persons whose surrender may be required by the latter as being responsible for the massacres committed during the continuance of the state of war on territory which formed part of the Ottoman Empire on August 1, 1914". However, the
1122:
the Allied Powers to be implemented. To forestall the economic repenetration of
Germany, Austria, Hungary or Bulgaria, the treaty demanded the empire to liquidate the property of citizens of those countries living within its territories. The public liquidation was to be organized by the Reparations Commission. Property rights of the
1061:, decided not to participate in the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. The US wanted a permanent peace as quickly as possible, with financial compensation for its military expenditure. However, after the Senate rejected the Armenian mandate, the only US hope was its inclusion in the treaty by the influential Greek Prime Minister
1741:
fixed between Turkey and
Armenia in the vilayets of Erzerum, Trebizond, Van and Bitlis, and to accept his decision thereupon, as well as any stipulations he may prescribe as to access for Armenia to the sea, and as to the demilitarisation of any portion of Turkish territory adjacent to the said frontier".
1261:
was established on 30 July 1922. The treaty transferred "the exercise of her rights of sovereignty to a local parliament" but left the region within the
Ottoman Empire. The treaty had Smyrna to be administered by a local parliament, with a plebiscite overseen by the League of Nations after five years
1805:
Article 95: The High
Contracting Parties agree to entrust, by application of the provisions of Article 22, the administration of Palestine, within such boundaries as may be determined by the Principal Allied Powers, to a Mandatory to be selected by the said Powers. The Mandatory will be responsible
1121:
to people, goods, vessels etc. passing through its territory, and goods in transit were to be free of all customs duties. Future changes to the tax system, the customs system, internal and external loans, import and export duties and concessions would need the consent of the financial commission of
1913:, was granted international recognition and had an estimated area of 100,000 sq mi (260,000 km) and a population of about 750,000. The main cities were the Holy Places of Makka, with a population of 80,000, and Medina, with a population of 40,000. Under the Ottomans, it had been the
1740:
Armenia was recognised as a "free and independent" state in
Section VI "Armenia", Articles 88-93. By Article 89, "Turkey and Armenia, as well as the other High Contracting Parties agree to submit to the arbitration of the President of the United States of America the question of the frontier to be
1476:
Certain ports were to be declared to be of international importance. The League of
Nations insisted on the complete freedom and the absolute equality in treatment at such ports, particularly regarding charges and facilities, to ensure that economic provisions in commercially-strategic places were
2092:
to return to the negotiating table with the Turks in
November 1922. That culminated in 1923 in the Treaty of Lausanne, which replaced the Treaty of Sèvres and restored a large territory in Anatolia and Thrace to the Turks. Under the Treaty of Lausanne, France and Italy had only areas of economic
1985:, who announced an intention to convene the Senate to ratify the Treaty of Sèvres if national unity was achieved. That required seeking the co-operation of Mustafa Kemal, who expressed disdain for the treaty and started a military assault. As a result, the Turkish government issued a note to the
1572:
There was no general agreement among Kurds on what the borders of
Kurdistan should be because of the disparity between the areas of Kurdish settlement and the political and administrative boundaries of the region. The outlines of Kurdistan as an entity had been proposed in 1919 by
6331:
6321:
1775:. British and Iraqi negotiators held acrimonious discussions over the new oil concession. The League of Nations voted on the disposition of Mosul, and the Iraqis feared that without British support, Iraq would lose the area. In March 1925, the TPC was renamed the "
1999:
Aside from Mustafa Kemal's armed opposition to the treaty in Anatolia, Arabs in Syria were unwilling to accept French rule, the Turks around Mosul attacked the British, and Arabs were up in arms against British rule in Baghdad. There was also disorder in Egypt.
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The treaty specified that the frontiers between Armenia and Azerbaijan and Georgia were to be determined by direct negotiation between those states, with the Principle Allied Powers making the decision if those states fail to agree.
1049:
Also, France, Britain, and Italy signed a Tripartite Agreement on the same date. It confirmed Britain's oil and commercial concessions and turned the former German enterprises in the Ottoman Empire over to a tripartite corporation.
6274:
717:. The treaty ceded large parts of Ottoman territory to France, the United Kingdom, Greece and Italy, as well as creating large occupation zones within the Ottoman Empire. It was one of a series of treaties that the
1925:
The Treaty of Sèvres imposed terms on the Ottoman Empire that were far more severe than those imposed on the German Empire by the Treaty of Versailles. France, Italy and Britain had secretly begun planning the
6975:
6708:
1965:
in Ankara in April 1920. He demanded for the Turks to fight against the Greeks, who were trying to take the land that had been held by the Ottoman Empire and given to Greece in the treaty. That started the
6300:
2814:
1172:
to prosecute war criminals as demanded by the Treaty of Sèvres was eventually suspended, and the men who orchestrated the genocide escaped prosecution and traveled relatively freely throughout
1150:. The Ottoman Empire was prohibited from creating an air force. The treaty included an interallied commission of control and organisation to supervise the execution of the military clauses.
1094:
The Allies were to control the Ottoman Empire's finances, such as approving and supervising the national budget, implementing financial laws and regulations and totally controlling the
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Neither proposal was endorsed by the treaty of Sèvres, which outlined a truncated Kurdistan on what is now Turkish territory (leaving out the Kurds of Iran, British-controlled
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interaction, rather than zones of influence. Constantinople was not made an international city, and a demilitarised zone between Turkey and Bulgaria was established.
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in the north to Egypt in the south. This represented an area of about 60,000 sq mi (160,000 km) with a population of about 3,000,000, including
6666:
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for France and Count Lelio Longare for Italy. One Allied power, Greece, did not accept the borders as drawn, mainly because of the political change after the
6626:
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5485:
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were ceded to Greece. The waters surrounding the islands were declared international territory and left to the administration of the "Zone of the Straits".
1081:
The treaty imposed a number of territorial losses on Turkey and had a number of provisions that applied to the territory recognised as belonging to Turkey.
7344:
7269:
6962:
6579:
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1102:, instituted in 1881, was redesigned to include only British, French, and Italian bondholders. The Ottoman debt problem had dated back to the time of the
6639:
6119:
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1946:. The Treaty of Sèvres was never ratified, and after the Turkish War of Independence, most of the Treaty of Sèvres's signatories signed and ratified the
781:
Syrian Northern Sanjaks ceded to Turkey by France in the Treaty of Ankara 1921 (area shaded in yellow). The orange line shows the Treaty of Sèvres border
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was concluded on 11 October, leading the former Allies of World War I to return to the negotiating table with the Turks in November 1922. The 1923
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Bendeck, Whitney. "Pyrrhic Victory Achieved." Lecture, Europe in the Total Age of War, Florida State University, Tallahassee, October 11, 2016.
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in April 1920. The delay occurred because the powers could not come to an agreement, which, in turn, hinged on the outcome of the
1249:
The expansion of Greece from 1832 to 1947 showing in yellow territories awarded to Greece by the Treaty of Sèvres but lost in 1923
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before the Treaty of Sèvres and annulled German concessions in the Ottoman sphere, including economic rights and enterprises.
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1294:, were declared to be an Italian zone of influence. Antalya Province had been promised by the Triple Entente to Italy in the
1282:
according to which Italy should have returned the islands to the Ottoman Empire. Large portions of southern and west-central
443:
2038:
and French forces and secured the independence of a territory similar to that of present-day Turkey, as was aimed at by the
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Within the territory retained by Turkey under the treaty, France received Syria and neighbouring parts of southeastern
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The French Mandate was settled at the San Remo Conference: it comprised the region between the basin of the
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2530:"Congress Opposes Armenian Republic; General Sentiment Is Against Assuming Responsibility for New Republic"
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Macfie, A. L. “The British Decision Regarding the Future of Constantinople, November 1918–January 1920.”
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Kurdish Notables and the Ottoman State: Evolving Identities, Competing Loyalties, and Shifting Boundaries
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2023:
2009:
1993:
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1106:(1854–1856) during which the Ottoman Empire had borrowed money from abroad, mainly from France. Also the
798:
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Original map from 1920 illustrating the Treaty of Sèvres region (not depicting the zones of influence)
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Tripartite Agreement between the British Empire, France and Italy Respecting Anatolia 10 August, 1920
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1930:
as early as 1915. The open negotiations covered a period of more than 15 months, started at the
1673:
proposed an alternative map that included Van and an outlet to the sea via what is now Turkey's
1593:
The frontiers of Turkish Kurdistan, from an ethnographical point of view, begin in the north at
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The Fate of Nations: The Search for National Security in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
2066:
1854:
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1006:
398:
383:
230:
2834:
From Paris to Sèvres: the partition of the Ottoman Empire at the Peace Conference of 1919–1920
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From Paris to Sèvres: The Partition of the Ottoman Empire at the Peace Conference of 1919–1920
43:
Partition of the Ottoman Empire according to the Treaty of Sèvres and the Greco-Italian treaty
7027:
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5807:
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3363:
3234:
3224:
3150:
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1986:
1062:
813:, which superseded the Treaty of Sèvres, ended the conflict and saw the establishment of the
801:. Hostilities with Britain over the neutral zone of the Straits were narrowly avoided in the
767:
763:
722:
710:
274:
103:
64:
20:
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2759:, (Basic Books, 2005), 57; "Istanbul was only adopted as the city's official name in 1930."
2194:
2085:
2035:
1953:
While the Treaty of Sèvres was still under discussion, the Turkish national movement under
1254:
1039:
990:
806:
473:
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1677:. Amid a joint declaration by Kurdish and Armenian delegations, Kurdish claims concerning
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2472:"Tripartite Agreement between the British Empire, France and Italy respecting Anatolia".
1939:
1794:
1788:
1764:
1670:
994:
794:
786:
755:. The treaty's stipulations included the renunciation of most territory not inhabited by
730:
611:
2984:
2260:
The order and the categorization below are as they appear in the preamble of the treaty.
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2017:
1978:
1877:, comprising the coast between the Sanjak of Alexandretta and Greater Lebanon, and the
1798:
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1118:
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and so never ratified the treaty. There were three signatories for the Ottoman Empire:
814:
628:
260:
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3175:
2849:
Karčić, Hamza. "Sèvres at 100: The Peace Treaty that Partitioned the Ottoman Empire."
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Britain, Egypt and the Middle East: Imperial policy in the aftermath of war 1918–1922
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1920 map of Western Turkey, showing the Zone of the Straits in the Treaty of Sèvres
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2395:"Ottoman signatories of Treaty of Sèvres - NZHistory, New Zealand history online"
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2045:
The Turkish national movement developed its own international relations with the
1996:
and forced most of the former wartime Allies to return to the negotiating table.
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1822:
1704:
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368:
The Ottoman delegation at Sèvres comprising the three signatories of the treaty.
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1917:, but during the war, it became an independent kingdom under British influence.
1853:, from the Euphrates region to the Mediterranean, which included the autonomous
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UC Berkeley Center for Right Wing Studies Working Paper Series, March 26, 2015.
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That caused controversy among other Kurdish nationalists, as it excluded the
1482:
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802:
2771:, Volume 13, New York Times Co., 1921, "Dividing the Former Turkish Empire"
1849:. The region was divided under the French into five governments as follows:
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2601:"First World War.com - Primary Documents - Treaty of London, 26 April 1915"
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1982:
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Montgomery, A. E. "The Making of the Treaty of Sevres of 10 August 1920."
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1689:) were dropped, but arguments for sovereignty over Ağrı and Muş remained.
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Signed between Allied and Associated Powers and Ottoman Empire at Sèvres
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2147:
1477:
carried out. The regions were to be called "free zones". The ports were
5999:
5822:
5812:
2979:
2886:
2872:
2568:
2495:
2237:
Treaty of Peace between the British Empire and Allied Powers and Turkey
2164:
1767:. The oil concession in the region was given to the British-controlled
1703:
Article 63 explicitly granted the full safeguard and protection to the
1498:
500:
490:
356:
1642:
1618:
4936:
4703:
1562:
1554:
1457:
789:. The treaty's signatories were stripped of their citizenship by the
736:
The treaty was signed on 10 August 1920 in an exhibition room at the
2815:
A Peace to End All Peace: Creating the Modern Middle East, 1914–1922
2560:
2487:
2159:
1707:
minority, but that provision was dropped in the Treaty of Lausanne.
1319:
1298:, and the Italian colonial authorities wished the zone to become an
1073:
766:
lands saw the introduction of novel polities, including the British
741:
364:
60:
32:
The Treaty of Peace Between the Allied Powers and the Ottoman Empire
5196:
1958:
1602:
1478:
1283:
1202:
2715:
British Miscalculations: The Rise of Muslim Nationalism, 1918–1925
2419:
2080:
over the neutral zone of the Straits were narrowly avoided in the
1700:). The current Iraqi–Turkish border was agreed upon in July 1926.
1494:
1779:" (IPC) and granted a full and complete concession for 75 years.
1610:
1598:
1534:
1510:
1287:
1229:
and large portions of east-central Anatolia all the way north to
1218:
394:
186:
1989:
that the ratification of the treaty was impossible at the time.
1549:
1448:
2058:
1866:
1650:
1622:
1530:
1214:
1173:
1164:
The treaty required determination of those responsible for the
745:
38:
3562:
5364:
1686:
1682:
1638:
1630:
1614:
1594:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1234:
1230:
1222:
1206:
1053:
The United States, having refused in the Senate to assume a
1031:
was not a party to the treaty because it had negotiated the
2802:
1396:
Ottoman Empire 1,589,540 km (613,724 sq mi)
1210:
2482:(2, Supplement: Official Documents): 153–159. April 1921.
1569:, was scheduled to have a referendum to decide its fate.
16:
1920 treaty between Ottomans and Allies, not implemented
2300:. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press. p.
1810:
1597:, on the Caucasian frontier, and continue westwards to
5735:
1897:
the same year. The next year, he became king of Iraq.
1553:
Provisions of the Treaty of Sèvres for an independent
6141:
2100:
6536:
United States during the Turkish War of Independence
1274:, which had been under Italian occupation since the
1733:, with the western borders defined by US President
2692:Turkey and the Kurds – From War to Reconciliation?
2293:
1456:A Zone of the Straits was proposed to include the
1589:. He defined the region's boundaries as follows:
1019:Second secretary of the Ottoman embassy in Bern,
751:The Treaty of Sèvres marked the beginning of the
7161:
2088:was concluded on 11 October, leading the former
1782:
759:and their cession to the Allied administration.
279:
6400:
4539:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
2519:(London), 27. Idem., Jan. 30, 1928, Editorial.
1845:, both of which were later reassigned under a
1771:(TPC), which had held concessionary rights to
6386:
6042:
6015:
5721:
3578:
3013:
1183:
678:
7340:Treaties of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
2547:Gibbons, Herbert Adams (1921). "Venizelos".
1237:, were declared a zone of French influence.
1138:was to be restricted to 50,700 men, and the
1029:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
7345:Treaties of the Turkish War of Independence
5981:The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors
5029:
2652:Memorandum on the Claims of the Kurd People
1992:Eventually, Mustafa Kemal succeeded in his
1873:, extending from Tripoli to Palestine; the
1748:
1621:?); in the south they follow the line from
1348:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1270:Italy was formally given possession of the
7350:Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)
6393:
6379:
6022:
6008:
5728:
5714:
3585:
3571:
3020:
3006:
2985:Newspaper clippings about Treaty of Sèvres
1427:260,000 km (100,000 sq mi)
1422:370,000 km (143,000 sq mi)
1417:350,000 km (136,000 sq mi)
1407:453,000 km (174,900 sq mi)
685:
671:
236:
37:
2902:The Western Question in Greece and Turkey
2475:The American Journal of International Law
2291:
1865:, including Damascus, Hama, Homs and the
1437:190,000 km (75,000 sq mi)
1412:160,000 km (60,000 sq mi)
1368:Learn how and when to remove this message
1309:
1089:
729:. Hostilities had already ended with the
251:
163:
6029:
5988:To the Unknown British Soldier in France
4828:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
2628:, Torino, Mondadori Editore, 1961. p. 25
2626:Trent'anni di storia italiana, 1915-1945
2575:
1977:was replaced by a provisional one under
1817:French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
1759:The details in the treaty regarding the
1724:
1548:
1447:
1432:91,000 km (35,000 sq mi)
1244:
1192:Treaty of Sèvres with zones of influence
1187:
1129:
1072:
965:Labour (Part XIII of Versailles Treaty)
776:
393:
363:
221:
191:
94:
7270:Ottoman Empire–United Kingdom relations
6301:Abolition of the Capitulations in Egypt
5205:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
2898:
2893:To Whom Was the Promised Land Promised?
2808:
2546:
1970:, which resulted in a Turkish victory.
1938:and took definite shape only after the
1763:were completed on 25 April 1920 at the
1153:
709:) was a 1920 treaty signed between the
206:
137:
122:
7315:Treaties involving territorial changes
7162:
5974:A Peace Conference at the Quai d'Orsay
5942:American Commission to Negotiate Peace
5845:Possible cause of the Second World War
2457:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2003:
1801:were adopted in the Treaty of Sèvres:
1579:Society for the Elevation of Kurdistan
1443:
1253:The Greek government administered the
1110:, which had been abolished in 1914 by
844:The Covenant of the League of Nations
647:American Commission to Negotiate Peace
7330:Treaties of the French Third Republic
6374:
6003:
5709:
5158:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
4494:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
3566:
3001:
2922:
2270:Wikisource: Treaty of Sèvres/Protocol
1936:Conference of London of February 1920
275:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
81:and the four principal Allied Powers.
7300:Peace treaties of the United Kingdom
7295:Peace treaties of the Ottoman Empire
6265:Austro-Hungarian reparation payments
5562:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
2797:Darwin, John, and Beverley Nielsen.
2738:, Cambridge University Press, 1988,
2225:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
1811:French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon
1793:The three principles of the British
1346:adding citations to reliable sources
1313:
1160:Prosecution of Ottoman war criminals
7305:Peace treaties of the United States
5491:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
4285:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
2326:
1900:
1833:on the west, and extended from the
1290:and the historic Seljuk capital of
1278:of 1911–1912 despite the Treaty of
1108:capitulations of the Ottoman Empire
13:
7275:Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)
7195:Aftermath of World War I in Turkey
5737:Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)
4224:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
2923:Tusan, Michelle Elizabeth (2023).
2851:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
2791:
2536:. April 27, 1920. pp. 2, 353.
1957:split with the monarchy, based in
1928:partitioning of the Ottoman Empire
1126:were to pass from German control.
1100:Ottoman Public Debt Administration
1084:
753:partitioning of the Ottoman Empire
14:
7386:
7335:Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece
5753:Covenant of the League of Nations
2958:
2239:UK Treaty Series No. 11 of 1920;
1973:On 18 October, the government of
1881:, around the city of As-Suwayda.
1649:, that is to say the frontier of
1117:The empire was required to grant
1035:with the Ottoman Empire in 1918.
434:Covenant of the League of Nations
382:, the Ottoman education minister
7375:Armenia in the Russian Civil War
7119:Conference of London (1921–1922)
4587:Second Battle of the Piave River
4209:Russian invasion of East Prussia
3537:
3029:
2717:, Transaction Publishers, 2012,
2170:
2158:
2146:
2134:
2122:
2110:
1318:
888:Military, Naval and Air Clauses
785:The terms stirred hostility and
415:
347:
302:
281:
267:
253:
238:
223:
208:
193:
179:
165:
139:
124:
110:
96:
7325:Treaties of the Empire of Japan
6645:First Offensive of Sulaymaniyah
6416:Partition of the Ottoman Empire
6360:Partition of the Ottoman Empire
5894:Partition of the Ottoman Empire
5866:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
5818:Hague conference on reparations
5658:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
4858:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
3592:
3478:Anglo-Ottoman Convention (1913)
2899:Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (2009).
2778:
2762:
2749:
2728:
2707:
2698:
2683:
2670:
2657:
2644:
2631:
2618:
2593:
2540:
2522:
2510:
2465:
2426:
2200:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
1963:Turkish Grand National Assembly
1893:in Damascus in March 1920, was
1755:British Mandate for Mesopotamia
999:1920 Greek legislative election
993:signed for the United Kingdom,
738:Manufacture nationale de Sèvres
602:Partition of the Ottoman Empire
541:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
535:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
496:Hague conference on reparations
6515:Grand National Assembly (1923)
6510:Grand National Assembly (1920)
5947:Commission of Responsibilities
5850:International Opium Convention
5481:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
5340:Deportations from East Prussia
5137:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
3429:Brussels Conference Act (1890)
3036:Treaties of the Ottoman Empire
2927:. Cambridge University Press.
2590:, p. 16–17. Basic Books, 2002.
2412:
2387:
2375:
2344:
2285:
2281:Category: World War I treaties
2274:
2263:
2254:
1932:Paris Peace Conference of 1919
1920:
954:Ports, Waterways and Railways
652:Commission of Responsibilities
523:International Opium Convention
518:Possible cause of World War II
1:
7250:History of Palestine (region)
7235:Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
6596:Ankara Government and Georgia
5392:Ukrainian Canadian internment
2859:10.1080/13602004.2020.1813988
2853:(Sept 2020) 40#3 pp 470–479.
2704:Treaty of Sèvres, Article 92.
2230:
1968:Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
1895:ejected by the French in July
1783:British Mandate for Palestine
1471:
1286:, including the port city of
1170:inter-allied tribunal attempt
1068:
772:Mandate for Syria and Lebanon
6976:Liberation of Constantinople
6709:Liberation of Constantinople
5547:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
4846:Estonian War of Independence
4514:Southern Palestine offensive
2965:Text of the Treaty of Sèvres
2775:(retrieved October 26, 2010)
2420:"The Peace Treaty of Sèvres"
2334:"The Treaty of Sèvres, 1920"
2084:of September 1922, when the
2073:to fix the eastern borders.
1544:
899:Prisoners of War and Graves
805:of September 1922, when the
19:Not to be confused with the
7:
7099:Conference of London (1920)
6402:Turkish War of Independence
6270:Italian reparation payments
5916:Turkish War of Independence
5899:Conference of London (1920)
5871:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
5773:Little Treaty of Versailles
5501:USA against Austria-Hungary
4900:Turkish War of Independence
4852:Latvian War of Independence
4577:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
4168:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
2989:20th Century Press Archives
2549:Political Science Quarterly
2292:Helmreich, Paul C. (1974).
2205:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
2096:
2069:with the Armenians and the
2024:Turkish War of Independence
2010:Turkish War of Independence
799:Turkish War of Independence
624:Turkish War of Independence
607:Conference of London (1920)
559:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
553:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
454:Little Treaty of Versailles
401:signs the Treaty of Sèvres.
10:
7391:
7320:Treaties concluded in 1920
7180:1920 in the Ottoman Empire
6610:Yalova Peninsula massacres
6454:Sultanahmet demonstrations
5584:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
5132:1899–1923 cholera pandemic
4592:Second Battle of the Marne
4479:Second battle of the Aisne
4348:Second Battle of Champagne
4189:German invasion of Belgium
2867:18#2 (1975), pp. 391–400.
2678:Batı Ermenistan ve Jenosid
2007:
1885:, who had been proclaimed
1814:
1786:
1752:
1714:
1710:
1525:Eastern Thrace (up to the
1420:Independent Kurdish State
1184:Foreign zones of influence
1157:
1142:could maintain only seven
985:
820:
89:1. Principal Allied Powers
18:
7146:
7077:
7054:
7026:
7019:
6984:
6961:
6851:
6793:
6760:
6717:
6625:
6618:
6523:
6505:Ottoman Parliament (1919)
6497:
6444:Turkish National Movement
6434:
6408:
6349:
6309:
6288:
6190:
6183:
6137:
6038:
5965:
5929:
5911:Turkish National Movement
5884:
5858:
5788:
5743:
5690:
5649:
5570:
5509:
5471:
5415:
5404:
5365:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
5308:
5280:
5228:
5150:
5124:
5076:
4969:
4962:
4894:Irish War of Independence
4790:
4672:
4637:Armistice of Villa Giusti
4622:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
4547:
4449:
4376:
4277:
4234:First Battle of the Marne
4181:
4143:
4078:
4069:
4012:
3886:
3875:
3841:
3813:
3775:
3727:
3680:
3673:
3600:
3531:
3442:
3273:
3209:
3125:
3076:
3042:
2839:Howard, Harry N. (1931),
1944:Turkish National Movement
1847:League of Nations Mandate
1769:Turkish Petroleum Company
1731:First Republic of Armenia
1721:First Republic of Armenia
1641:; in the east, Ravandiz,
1520:
1395:
1385:
1240:
1196:
1055:League of Nations mandate
1012:Ex-Minister of Education
976:Miscellaneous Provisions
877:Protection of Minorities
619:Turkish National Movement
346:
341:
323:
315:
85:
70:
56:
48:
36:
31:
7280:Peace treaties of France
7245:Modern history of Turkey
6906:Summer Offensive of 1920
6699:Summer Offensive of 1920
6280:U.S.–German Peace Treaty
6275:Sino-German Peace Treaty
5517:Constantinople Agreement
4810:Armenian–Azerbaijani War
4673:Co-belligerent conflicts
4642:Second Romanian campaign
4612:Third Transjordan attack
4323:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
4229:Battle of Grand Couronné
2975:Treaty of Sevres borders
2338:Brigham Young University
2247:
1891:Syrian National Congress
1761:British Mandate for Iraq
1749:British Mandate for Iraq
1669:claims to that region).
1583:Kürdistan Teali Cemiyeti
1265:
7290:Peace treaties of Japan
7285:Peace treaties of Italy
7265:Mamuret-ul-Aziz vilayet
6946:Liberation of Balıkesir
6747:Revolt of Ahmet Anzavur
6489:Grand National Assembly
5580:Modus vivendi of Acroma
5532:Bulgaria–Germany treaty
4840:Greater Poland Uprising
4740:National Protection War
4617:Meuse–Argonne offensive
4567:German spring offensive
4562:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
4338:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
4313:Second Battle of Artois
4194:Battle of the Frontiers
3483:Armenian reforms (1914)
2843:, U of Oklahoma Press,
2841:The Partition of Turkey
2680:p. 185, Istanbul, 1994.
2641:p. 38. SUNY Press, 2004
1537:and the islands of the
1033:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
791:Grand National Assembly
7129:Conference of Lausanne
7089:Treaty of Alexandropol
7046:Paris Peace Conference
6143:Paris Peace Conference
5605:Paris Peace Conference
5593:Ukraine–Central Powers
5387:Massacres of Albanians
5355:Late Ottoman genocides
5162:Bulgarian occupations
4870:Third Anglo-Afghan War
4834:Hungarian–Romanian War
4652:Naval Victory Bulletin
4647:Armistice with Germany
4597:Hundred Days Offensive
4524:Battle of La Malmaison
4474:Second battle of Arras
4441:Battle of Transylvania
4295:Second Battle of Ypres
4163:Sarajevo assassination
4052:South African Republic
3354:Hünkar İskelesi (1833)
2908:. Martino Fine Books.
2881:15#4 (1972): 775–787.
2836:(Ohio State UP, 1974).
2746:, p. 61 (footnote 55).
2190:Paris Peace Conference
2067:Treaty of Alexandropol
2061:putting an end to the
2053:on 16 March 1921, the
1855:Sanjak of Alexandretta
1777:Iraq Petroleum Company
1737:
1696:and French-controlled
1665:(possibly as a sop to
1659:
1587:Paris Peace Conference
1577:, who represented the
1558:
1453:
1310:Territorial provisions
1250:
1193:
1090:Financial restrictions
1078:
782:
725:after their defeat in
706:
409:Paris Peace Conference
402:
391:
7215:Eleftherios Venizelos
6971:Bombardment of Samsun
6541:Bombardment of Samsun
6426:King–Crane Commission
6296:Regime of the Straits
6156:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
6055:St.-Jean-de-Maurienne
5808:Reparation Commission
5615:Treaty of St. Germain
5588:Russia–Central Powers
5542:Sykes–Picot Agreement
5370:Pontic Greek genocide
5345:Destruction of Kalisz
5321:Eastern Mediterranean
4882:Polish–Lithuanian War
4664:Armistice of Belgrade
4627:Armistice of Salonica
4557:Operation Faustschlag
4504:Third Battle of Oituz
4426:Baranovichi offensive
4394:Lake Naroch offensive
4368:Battle of Robat Karim
4343:Vistula–Bug offensive
4318:Battles of the Isonzo
4249:First Battle of Ypres
3468:Constantinople (1913)
3434:Constantinople (1897)
3424:Constantinople (1888)
3414:Constantinople (1881)
3349:Constantinople (1832)
3309:Constantinople (1800)
3260:Küçük Kaynarca (1774)
3240:Constantinople (1736)
3230:Constantinople (1724)
3201:Constantinople (1700)
3141:Constantinople (1590)
3117:Constantinople (1562)
3102:Franco-Ottoman (1536)
3097:Constantinople (1533)
3092:Constantinople (1479)
3087:Constantinople (1454)
2933:10.1017/9781009371063
2818:. New York: H. Holt.
2336:. Harold B. Library,
2220:Sykes–Picot Agreement
2090:Allies of World War I
1728:
1591:
1552:
1451:
1401:1918 (Sèvres Treaty)
1248:
1191:
1130:Military restrictions
1076:
1063:Eleftherios Venizelos
1014:Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı
780:
768:Mandate for Palestine
764:Eastern Mediterranean
740:porcelain factory in
711:Allies of World War I
397:
373:Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı
367:
7370:World War I treaties
7255:Hüdavendigâr vilayet
7240:History of Kurdistan
7124:Armistice of Mudanya
7104:Cilicia Peace Treaty
7036:Conference of London
5957:List of participants
5790:Treaty of Versailles
5610:Treaty of Versailles
5326:Mount Lebanon famine
5241:in the United States
5209:Russian occupations
4923:Turkish–Armenian War
4864:Polish–Ukrainian War
4804:Ukrainian–Soviet War
4751:Central Asian Revolt
4534:Armistice of Focșani
4264:Battle of Sarikamish
4214:Battle of Tannenberg
3610:Military engagements
3498:Brest-Litovsk (1918)
2970:Treaty text and maps
2734:Michael Mandelbaum:
2690:Arin, Kubilay Yado,
2624:Franco Antonicelli,
2195:Treaty of Versailles
2086:Armistice of Mudanya
2030:successfully fought
1829:on the east and the
1342:improve this section
1257:from 21 May 1919. A
1255:occupation of Smyrna
1154:International trials
1042:was signed with the
1040:Treaty of Versailles
991:George Dixon Grahame
855:Frontiers of Turkey
807:Armistice of Mudanya
797:, which ignited the
474:Treaty of Versailles
7360:Unratified treaties
7041:San Remo conference
6662:Battle of Babaçiçek
6605:Samsun deportations
6600:Population exchange
6591:Personae non gratae
6085:Act of 5th November
5904:San Remo conference
5859:Subsequent treaties
5828:Lausanne Conference
5677:They shall not pass
5600:Treaty of Bucharest
5557:Treaty of Bucharest
5496:USA against Germany
5473:Declarations of war
5177:German occupations
5090:British casualties
4949:Soviet–Georgian War
4876:Egyptian Revolution
4816:Armeno-Georgian War
4680:Somaliland campaign
4632:Armistice of Mudros
4509:Battle of Caporetto
4499:Battle of Mărășești
4469:Zimmermann telegram
4464:February Revolution
4409:Battle of the Somme
4333:Bug-Narew Offensive
4308:Battle of Gallipoli
4300:Sinking of the RMS
4092:Scramble for Africa
4086:Franco-Prussian War
3742:Sinai and Palestine
3191:Bakhchisaray (1681)
2832:Helmreich, Paul C.
2587:A Problem from Hell
2004:Subsequent treaties
1994:War of Independence
1955:Mustafa Kemal Pasha
1940:San Remo Conference
1934:, continued at the
1795:Balfour Declaration
1789:Mandatory Palestine
1765:San Remo Conference
1671:Emin Ali Bedir Khan
1444:Zone of the Straits
1388:Square miles (km²)
995:Alexandre Millerand
827:
795:Mustafa Kemal Pasha
787:Turkish nationalism
731:Armistice of Mudros
612:San Remo conference
506:Lausanne Conference
157:Other Allied Powers
28:
7220:David Lloyd George
7190:Adrianople vilayet
7134:Treaty of Lausanne
6737:Kuva-yi Inzibatiye
6469:Balıkesir Congress
5921:Treaty of Lausanne
5798:"War guilt" clause
5637:Treaty of Lausanne
5552:Paris Economy Pact
5486:UK against Germany
5416:Entry into the war
5382:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
5101:Ottoman casualties
4911:Franco-Turkish War
4791:Post-War conflicts
4775:Russian Revolution
4757:Invasion of Darfur
4722:Kelantan rebellion
4710:Kurdish rebellions
4686:Mexican Revolution
4519:October Revolution
4484:Kerensky offensive
4459:Capture of Baghdad
4436:Monastir offensive
4421:Brusilov offensive
4259:Battle of Kolubara
4098:Russo-Japanese War
3551:Treaties of Turkey
3394:San Stefano (1878)
3364:Balta Liman (1838)
3265:Aynalıkavak (1779)
3235:Ahmet Pasha (1732)
3225:Passarowitz (1718)
3151:Nasuh Pasha (1612)
2879:Historical Journal
2865:Historical Journal
2801:(Springer, 1981).
2755:Finkel, Caroline,
2534:The New York Times
2063:Franco-Turkish War
2018:Treaty of Lausanne
1979:Ahmed Tevfik Pasha
1950:in 1923 and 1924.
1948:Treaty of Lausanne
1738:
1565:region, including
1559:
1529:), the islands of
1454:
1410:Wilsonian Armenia
1302:under the name of
1272:Dodecanese Islands
1251:
1194:
1119:freedom of transit
1079:
943:Aerial Navigation
921:Financial Clauses
866:Political Clauses
825:
815:Republic of Turkey
811:Treaty of Lausanne
783:
629:Treaty of Lausanne
481:"War Guilt" clause
403:
392:
26:
21:Protocol of Sèvres
7355:Trebizond vilayet
7157:
7156:
7142:
7141:
7015:
7014:
6951:Capture of Smyrna
6727:Koçgiri rebellion
6667:Özdemir Operation
6657:Tal Afar uprising
6558:Burning of Smyrna
6474:Alaşehir Congress
6421:Khilafat Movement
6368:
6367:
6345:
6344:
6179:
6178:
6161:Neuilly-sur-Seine
6133:
6132:
5997:
5996:
5876:Treaty of Trianon
5768:Minority Treaties
5745:League of Nations
5703:
5702:
5686:
5685:
5670:The Golden Virgin
5664:Mutilated victory
5645:
5644:
5625:Treaty of Trianon
5620:Treaty of Neuilly
5527:Damascus Protocol
5400:
5399:
5360:Armenian genocide
5317:Allied blockades
5289:Belgian refugees
5072:
5071:
4982:Strategic bombing
4958:
4957:
4943:Franco-Syrian War
4917:Greco-Turkish War
4905:Anglo-Turkish War
4888:Polish–Soviet War
4822:German Revolution
4798:Russian Civil War
4781:Finnish Civil War
4607:Battle of Megiddo
4582:Battle of Goychay
4529:Battle of Cambrai
4489:Battle of Mărăști
4404:Battle of Jutland
4384:Erzurum offensive
4239:Siege of Przemyśl
4219:Siege of Tsingtao
4204:Battle of Galicia
4134:Second Balkan War
4122:Italo-Turkish War
4079:Pre-War conflicts
4065:
4064:
3955:Portuguese Empire
3871:
3870:
3833:German New Guinea
3815:Asian and Pacific
3560:
3559:
3544:Turkey portal
3344:Adrianople (1829)
3146:Zitvatorok (1606)
3136:Adrianople (1568)
3107:Adrianople (1547)
2942:978-1-009-37106-3
2915:978-1-57898-747-4
2805:: 978-1349165315.
2713:Isaiah Friedman:
2605:FirstWorldWar.com
2215:Minority Treaties
2210:Treaty of Trianon
2076:Hostilities with
1975:Damat Ferid Pasha
1911:Arabian Peninsula
1883:Faisal ibn Husayn
1879:Jabal Druze State
1831:Mediterranean Sea
1717:Wilsonian Armenia
1441:
1440:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1276:Italo-Turkish War
1166:Armenian genocide
1114:, were restored.
983:
982:
932:Economic Clauses
695:
694:
577:Treaty of Trianon
571:Treaty of Trianon
449:Minority Treaties
427:League of Nations
399:Mehmed Hâdî Pasha
384:Mehmed Hâdî Pasha
380:Damat Ferid Pasha
362:
361:
319:French Government
7382:
7109:Treaty of Ankara
7094:Treaty of Moscow
7069:Treaty of Sèvres
7024:
7023:
6843:Alemdar Incident
6689:Şehzadebaşı raid
6680:Eskişehir (1920)
6640:Al-Jazeera Front
6623:
6622:
6585:Menemen massacre
6570:Kaç Kaç incident
6464:Erzurum Congress
6395:
6388:
6381:
6372:
6371:
6188:
6187:
6139:
6138:
6040:
6039:
6024:
6017:
6010:
6001:
6000:
5886:Treaty of Sèvres
5730:
5723:
5716:
5707:
5706:
5630:Treaty of Sèvres
5522:Treaty of London
5413:
5412:
5191:Northeast France
5122:
5121:
5094:Parliamentarians
5027:
5026:
4989:Chemical weapons
4967:
4966:
4728:Senussi campaign
4698:Muscat rebellion
4692:Maritz rebellion
4660:
4602:Vardar offensive
4431:Battle of Romani
4399:Battle of Asiago
4389:Battle of Verdun
4353:Kosovo offensive
4128:First Balkan War
4076:
4075:
3975:Russian Republic
3884:
3883:
3678:
3677:
3620:Economic history
3587:
3580:
3573:
3564:
3563:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3508:Bucharest (1918)
3503:Trebizond (1918)
3324:Bucharest (1812)
3196:Karlowitz (1699)
3058:Selymbria (1411)
3053:Gallipoli (1403)
3034:
3033:
3022:
3015:
3008:
2999:
2998:
2954:
2919:
2907:
2829:
2785:
2782:
2776:
2766:
2760:
2753:
2747:
2732:
2726:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2696:
2687:
2681:
2674:
2668:
2661:
2655:
2648:
2642:
2635:
2629:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2597:
2591:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2456:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2436:. Archived from
2430:
2424:
2423:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2399:NZHistory.net.nz
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2363:
2357:. Archived from
2356:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2299:
2289:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2163:
2162:
2151:
2150:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2055:Accord of Ankara
2047:Treaty of Moscow
1915:vilayet of Hejaz
1907:Kingdom of Hejaz
1901:Kingdom of Hejaz
1841:and an enlarged
1627:Sinjar Mountains
1380:
1379:
1373:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1322:
1314:
1296:Treaty of London
828:
824:
721:signed with the
707:Traité de Sèvres
699:Treaty of Sèvres
687:
680:
673:
595:Treaty of Sèvres
582:Millerand letter
513:Locarno Treaties
419:
405:
404:
353:Treaty of Sèvres
351:
350:
308:
306:
305:
291:
287:
285:
284:
273:
271:
270:
263:
259:
257:
256:
248:
244:
242:
241:
233:
229:
227:
226:
218:
214:
212:
211:
203:
199:
197:
196:
185:
183:
182:
175:
171:
169:
168:
158:
149:
145:
143:
142:
134:
130:
128:
127:
116:
114:
113:
106:
102:
100:
99:
41:
29:
27:Treaty of Sèvres
25:
7390:
7389:
7385:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7380:
7379:
7230:Erzurum vilayet
7170:1920 in Armenia
7160:
7159:
7158:
7153:
7138:
7080:
7073:
7050:
7011:
6980:
6957:
6936:Great Offensive
6847:
6789:
6756:
6742:Battle of Geyve
6732:Konya rebellion
6713:
6614:
6519:
6493:
6484:Amasya Protocol
6459:Amasya Circular
6449:Karakol society
6436:
6430:
6404:
6399:
6369:
6364:
6355:Fourteen Points
6341:
6305:
6284:
6175:
6129:
6034:
6028:
5998:
5993:
5961:
5925:
5880:
5854:
5784:
5739:
5734:
5704:
5699:
5682:
5641:
5573:
5566:
5537:Treaty of Darin
5505:
5467:
5423:Austria-Hungary
5409:
5396:
5377:Rape of Belgium
5304:
5276:
5224:
5218:Western Armenia
5213:Eastern Galicia
5146:
5120:
5084:
5083:Civilian impact
5082:
5068:
5025:
4954:
4786:
4716:Ovambo Uprising
4668:
4654:
4543:
4445:
4372:
4290:Battle of Łomża
4273:
4269:Christmas truce
4244:Race to the Sea
4177:
4139:
4061:
4032:Austria-Hungary
4008:
3943:Empire of Japan
3880:
3878:
3867:
3851:U-boat campaign
3837:
3809:
3771:
3723:
3669:
3650:Popular culture
3596:
3591:
3561:
3556:
3538:
3536:
3527:
3493:Erzincan (1917)
3438:
3339:Akkerman (1826)
3304:El Arish (1800)
3269:
3245:Belgrade (1739)
3205:
3121:
3072:
3038:
3028:
3026:
2961:
2943:
2925:The Last Treaty
2916:
2905:
2891:Sion, Abraham.
2826:
2794:
2792:Further reading
2789:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2769:Current History
2767:
2763:
2754:
2750:
2733:
2729:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2688:
2684:
2675:
2671:
2662:
2658:
2649:
2645:
2636:
2632:
2623:
2619:
2609:
2607:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2582:Power, Samantha
2580:
2576:
2561:10.2307/2142304
2545:
2541:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2488:10.2307/2212979
2471:
2470:
2466:
2450:
2449:
2443:
2441:
2434:"Archived copy"
2432:
2431:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2403:
2401:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2312:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2233:
2185:Sèvres syndrome
2181:
2171:
2169:
2157:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2101:
2099:
2020:
2008:Main articles:
2006:
1961:, and set up a
1923:
1903:
1871:Greater Lebanon
1823:Euphrates River
1819:
1813:
1791:
1785:
1757:
1751:
1723:
1715:Main articles:
1713:
1705:Assyro-Chaldean
1679:Erzurum vilayet
1547:
1523:
1474:
1462:the Dardanelles
1446:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1405:Ottoman Empire
1402:
1387:
1374:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1339:
1323:
1312:
1268:
1243:
1199:
1186:
1162:
1156:
1132:
1124:Baghdad Railway
1092:
1087:
1085:Non-territorial
1071:
988:
823:
770:and the French
691:
662:
661:
642:
634:
633:
597:
587:
586:
572:
564:
563:
554:
546:
545:
536:
528:
527:
476:
466:
465:
429:
386:and ambassador
348:
303:
301:
300:
295:
294:
282:
280:
268:
266:
254:
252:
239:
237:
224:
222:
209:
207:
194:
192:
180:
178:
166:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
140:
138:
125:
123:
111:
109:
97:
95:
90:
44:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7388:
7378:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7225:Woodrow Wilson
7222:
7217:
7212:
7210:Bitlis vilayet
7207:
7205:Aleppo vilayet
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7175:1920 in France
7172:
7155:
7154:
7147:
7144:
7143:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7114:Treaty of Kars
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7085:
7083:
7075:
7074:
7072:
7071:
7066:
7060:
7058:
7052:
7051:
7049:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7032:
7030:
7021:
7017:
7016:
7013:
7012:
7010:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6988:
6986:
6982:
6981:
6979:
6978:
6973:
6967:
6965:
6959:
6958:
6956:
6955:
6954:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6857:
6855:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6799:
6797:
6791:
6790:
6788:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6766:
6764:
6758:
6757:
6755:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6723:
6721:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6678:
6677:
6676:
6675:
6674:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6653:
6652:
6637:
6635:Constantinople
6631:
6629:
6620:
6616:
6615:
6613:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6594:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6566:
6565:
6563:Responsibility
6555:
6553:Fire of Manisa
6550:
6545:
6544:
6543:
6533:
6527:
6525:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6501:
6499:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6479:Sivas Congress
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6440:
6438:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6412:
6410:
6406:
6405:
6398:
6397:
6390:
6383:
6375:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6362:
6357:
6350:
6347:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6313:
6311:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6303:
6298:
6292:
6290:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6260:Rapallo (1922)
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6195:Rapallo (1920)
6191:
6185:
6181:
6180:
6177:
6176:
6174:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6147:
6145:
6135:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6105:
6099:Brest-Litovsk
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6081:
6080:
6075:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6046:
6044:
6043:During the war
6036:
6035:
6027:
6026:
6019:
6012:
6004:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5984:
5977:
5969:
5967:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5933:
5931:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5907:
5906:
5901:
5890:
5888:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5862:
5860:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5831:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5805:
5800:
5794:
5792:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5782:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5749:
5747:
5741:
5740:
5733:
5732:
5725:
5718:
5710:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5697:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5673:
5666:
5661:
5653:
5651:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5602:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5590:
5582:
5576:
5574:
5572:Peace treaties
5571:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5513:
5511:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5477:
5475:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5458:United Kingdom
5455:
5450:
5448:Ottoman Empire
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5419:
5417:
5410:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5352:
5350:Sack of Dinant
5347:
5342:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5329:
5328:
5314:
5312:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5298:United Kingdom
5295:
5286:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5267:
5258:
5252:POW locations
5250:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5234:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5215:
5207:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5168:
5160:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5128:
5126:
5119:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5111:
5103:
5098:
5097:
5096:
5087:
5085:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5060:
5059:
5052:United Kingdom
5049:
5047:Ottoman Empire
5044:
5039:
5033:
5031:
5024:
5023:
5021:Trench warfare
5018:
5017:
5016:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4973:
4971:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4946:
4940:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4920:
4914:
4908:
4897:
4891:
4885:
4879:
4873:
4867:
4861:
4855:
4849:
4843:
4837:
4831:
4825:
4819:
4813:
4807:
4801:
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4734:Volta-Bani War
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4156:Historiography
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3992:United Kingdom
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3419:Tophane (1886)
3416:
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3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3389:Scutari (1862)
3386:
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3379:Erzurum (1847)
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3329:Algiers (1815)
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2071:Treaty of Kars
2014:Treaty of Kars
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1959:Constantinople
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1815:Main article:
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1787:Main article:
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1773:Mosul Province
1753:Main article:
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1735:Woodrow Wilson
1712:
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1675:Hatay Province
1637:, Akk-el-man,
1567:Mosul Province
1546:
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1539:Sea of Marmara
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1479:Constantinople
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5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5080:
5075:
5065:
5064:United States
5062:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5014:Convoy system
5012:
5011:
5010:
5009:Naval warfare
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4961:
4950:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4915:
4912:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4898:
4895:
4892:
4889:
4886:
4883:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4853:
4850:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4838:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4823:
4820:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4789:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4769:Kaocen revolt
4767:
4764:
4763:Easter Rising
4761:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4749:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4693:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4665:
4662:
4658:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4328:Great Retreat
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4199:Battle of Cer
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4116:Agadir Crisis
4114:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4005:
4004:United States
4002:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3921:French Empire
3919:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3874:
3864:
3863:Mediterranean
3861:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3843:Naval warfare
3840:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3719:Italian Front
3717:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3707:Eastern Front
3705:
3703:
3702:Western Front
3700:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3660:Puppet states
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3588:
3583:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3524:
3523:Sèvres (1920)
3521:
3519:
3518:Mudros (1918)
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3473:Athens (1913)
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3463:London (1913)
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3409:Halepa (1878)
3407:
3405:
3404:Berlin (1878)
3402:
3400:
3399:Cyprus (1878)
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3374:London (1841)
3372:
3370:
3369:London (1840)
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:Modernization
3272:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3255:Kerden (1746)
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3176:Vasvár (1664)
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3166:Khotin (1621)
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3112:Amasya (1555)
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:Classical Age
3075:
3069:
3068:Szeged (1444)
3066:
3064:
3063:Venice (1419)
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3023:
3018:
3016:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2904:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2825:0-8050-0857-8
2821:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2781:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2758:
2757:Osman's Dream
2752:
2745:
2744:9780521357906
2741:
2737:
2731:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2673:
2666:
2660:
2653:
2650:Şerif Pasha,
2647:
2640:
2634:
2627:
2621:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2518:
2513:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2454:
2440:on 2007-06-29
2439:
2435:
2429:
2421:
2415:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2364:on 2015-02-18
2360:
2353:
2347:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2311:9780814201701
2307:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2288:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2266:
2257:
2253:
2242:
2241:Command paper
2238:
2235:
2234:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2082:Chanak Crisis
2079:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2051:Soviet Russia
2048:
2043:
2041:
2040:Misak-ı Milli
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1887:king of Syria
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:Alawite State
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1835:Nur Mountains
1832:
1828:
1827:Syrian Desert
1824:
1818:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1629:, Tel Asfar,
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1551:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1527:Chatalja line
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1450:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1391:
1382:
1381:
1372:
1369:
1361:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1327:This section
1325:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1190:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1151:
1149:
1148:torpedo boats
1145:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1082:
1075:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1044:German Empire
1041:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
978:
975:
972:
971:
967:
964:
961:
960:
956:
953:
950:
949:
945:
942:
939:
938:
934:
931:
928:
927:
923:
920:
917:
916:
912:
909:
906:
905:
901:
898:
895:
894:
890:
887:
884:
883:
879:
876:
873:
872:
868:
865:
862:
861:
857:
854:
851:
850:
846:
843:
840:
839:
835:
832:
830:
829:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
803:Chanak Crisis
800:
796:
792:
788:
779:
775:
773:
769:
765:
760:
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
734:
732:
728:
724:
723:Allied Powers
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
688:
683:
681:
676:
674:
669:
668:
666:
665:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
638:
637:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
613:
610:
608:
605:
604:
603:
600:
599:
596:
591:
590:
583:
580:
578:
575:
574:
568:
567:
560:
557:
556:
550:
549:
542:
539:
538:
532:
531:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
488:
487:
484:
482:
479:
478:
475:
470:
469:
462:
459:
455:
452:
451:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
428:
423:
422:
418:
414:
413:
410:
407:
406:
400:
396:
389:
385:
381:
378:
374:
371:
366:
358:
354:
345:
340:
337:
333:
329:
326:
322:
318:
314:
311:
299:
290:
278:
276:
265:
262:
250:
247:
235:
232:
220:
217:
205:
202:
190:
188:
177:
174:
162:
161:
148:
136:
133:
121:
119:
108:
105:
93:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
40:
35:
30:
22:
7148:
7068:
6861:Smyrna, 1919
6785:Alexandropol
6589:
6575:Malta exiles
6235:Tartu (1921)
6220:Alexandropol
6200:Tartu (1920)
6170:
5986:
5979:
5972:
5885:
5840:Stresa Front
5763:Organisation
5675:
5668:
5656:
5629:
5263: /
5195:
5030:Conscription
4994:Cryptography
4931:Iraqi Revolt
4358:Siege of Kut
4301:
3879:participants
3828:German Samoa
3762:South Arabia
3549:
3535:
3522:
3513:Batum (1918)
3488:Sofia (1915)
3458:Ouchy (1912)
3384:Paris (1856)
3319:Çanak (1809)
3314:Paris (1802)
3299:Tunis (1797)
3289:Jassy (1792)
3220:Pruth (1711)
3171:Zuhab (1639)
3161:Serav (1618)
3156:Busza (1617)
2924:
2901:
2895:(Mazo, 2020)
2892:
2878:
2864:
2850:
2840:
2833:
2813:
2798:
2780:
2768:
2764:
2756:
2751:
2735:
2730:
2714:
2709:
2700:
2691:
2685:
2677:
2672:
2664:
2659:
2651:
2646:
2638:
2633:
2625:
2620:
2608:. Retrieved
2604:
2595:
2585:
2577:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2516:
2512:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2442:. Retrieved
2438:the original
2428:
2414:
2402:. Retrieved
2398:
2389:
2377:
2366:. Retrieved
2359:the original
2352:"TS0011.pdf"
2346:
2328:
2295:
2287:
2276:
2265:
2256:
2075:
2044:
2028:Turkish Army
2021:
1998:
1991:
1983:Grand Vizier
1972:
1952:
1924:
1904:
1857:(modern-day
1820:
1792:
1758:
1743:
1739:
1702:
1691:
1660:
1655:Mount Ararat
1617:and Divick (
1592:
1582:
1571:
1560:
1524:
1499:Alexandretta
1491:Haidar-Pasha
1475:
1455:
1364:
1355:
1340:Please help
1328:
1269:
1259:protectorate
1252:
1221:, including
1205:, including
1200:
1178:Central Asia
1163:
1140:Ottoman Navy
1136:Ottoman Army
1133:
1116:
1112:Talaat Pasha
1096:Ottoman Bank
1093:
1080:
1052:
1048:
1037:
1026:
989:
784:
761:
750:
735:
698:
696:
594:
444:Organisation
377:Grand Vizier
369:
75:Ratification
7365:Van vilayet
6230:Riga (1921)
6210:Riga (1920)
6050:Sykes–Picot
6031:World War I
5952:The Inquiry
5803:Reparations
5293:Netherlands
5270:Switzerland
5151:Occupations
5142:Spanish flu
4919:(1919–1922)
4913:(1918–1921)
4907:(1918–1923)
4896:(1919–1921)
4890:(1919–1921)
4884:(1919–1920)
4860:(1918–1920)
4854:(1918–1920)
4848:(1918–1920)
4830:(1918–1920)
4812:(1918–1920)
4806:(1917–1921)
4800:(1917–1921)
4747:(1916-1918)
4745:Arab Revolt
4736:(1915–1917)
4730:(1915–1917)
4718:(1914-1917)
4712:(1914–1917)
4706:(1914–1921)
4700:(1913–1920)
4688:(1910–1920)
4682:(1900–1920)
4655: [
4173:July Crisis
4094:(1880–1914)
3757:Mesopotamia
3635:Home fronts
3594:World War I
3453:Daan (1911)
3446:(1908–1922)
3277:(1789–1908)
3213:(1703–1789)
3129:(1566–1703)
3080:(1453–1566)
3046:(1299–1453)
2773:pp. 441–444
2676:M. Kalman,
2383:Sykes-Picot
2022:During the
1921:Abandonment
1635:Süleymaniye
1575:Şerif Pasha
1483:San Stefano
1358:August 2011
1104:Crimean War
1021:Reşat Halis
727:World War I
657:The Inquiry
486:Reparations
388:Reşat Halis
330:(primary),
86:Signatories
7164:Categories
7020:Agreements
6941:Dumlupınar
6865:Occupation
6833:Kanlıgeçit
6353:See also:
6151:Versailles
6069:Bucharest
5823:Young Plan
5813:Dawes Plan
5510:Agreements
5310:War crimes
5186:Luxembourg
5079:Casualties
3950:Montenegro
3785:South West
3665:Technology
3655:Propaganda
3645:Opposition
3250:Niş (1739)
3211:Old Regime
2723:1412847494
2610:25 January
2555:(3): 519.
2444:2007-05-16
2404:25 January
2368:2014-05-31
2231:References
1797:regarding
1663:Van Region
1653:as far as
1487:Dolmabahçe
1472:Free zones
1227:Diyarbakır
1158:See also:
1069:Provisions
1007:Hadi Pasha
910:Penalties
501:Young Plan
491:Dawes Plan
357:Wikisource
316:Depositary
6926:Eskişehir
6921:2nd İnönü
6916:1st İnönü
6896:Tellidede
6828:Kovanbaşı
6818:Karboğazı
6775:Sarıkamış
6672:Köysancak
6619:Campaigns
6498:Elections
6437:awakening
6184:Aftermath
5966:Paintings
5407:Diplomacy
5114:Olympians
5037:Australia
5004:Logistics
4937:Vlora War
4866:(1918–19)
4842:(1918–19)
4836:(1918–19)
4824:(1918–19)
4771:(1916–17)
4753:(1916–17)
4704:Zaian War
4694:(1914–15)
4414:first day
4302:Lusitania
4130:(1912–13)
4124:(1911–12)
4112:(1908–09)
4106:(1905–06)
4088:(1870–71)
3877:Principal
3737:Gallipoli
3640:Memorials
3625:Geography
3615:Aftermath
2951:259038932
2725:, p. 217.
2517:The Times
2504:246002936
2177:Kurdistan
1909:, on the
1799:Palestine
1647:Vezirkale
1585:) at the
1563:Kurdistan
1557:(in 1920)
1555:Kurdistan
1545:Kurdistan
1458:Bosphorus
1329:does not
836:Articles
793:, led by
342:Full text
324:Languages
71:Condition
7150:Timeline
7081:Assembly
7079:National
6435:National
6409:Concepts
6337:Portugal
6289:Montreux
6255:Lausanne
6060:Damascus
6033:treaties
5937:Big Four
5780:Mandates
5695:Category
5282:Refugees
5248:Italians
5237:Germans
5197:Ober Ost
4977:Aviation
4071:Timeline
4042:Bulgaria
3823:Tsingtao
3800:Togoland
3747:Caucasus
3682:European
3674:Theatres
2812:(1989).
2453:cite web
2153:Politics
2097:See also
2036:Armenian
1863:Damascus
1825:and the
1667:Armenian
1603:Erzincan
1464:and the
1284:Anatolia
1203:Anatolia
1146:and six
979:415-433
968:374-414
957:328-373
946:318-327
935:261-317
924:231-260
913:226-230
902:208-225
891:152-207
880:140-151
713:and the
461:Mandates
246:Portugal
57:Location
7056:Ottoman
7002:Ardahan
6985:Georgia
6931:Sakarya
6886:Erbeyli
6881:Bergama
6823:Kaç Kaç
6762:Armenia
6719:Revolts
6650:Taşlıca
6627:British
6317:Denmark
6240:Cilicia
6215:Suwałki
6166:Trianon
6108:Ukraine
5835:Locarno
5758:Members
5433:Germany
5333:Germany
5261:Germany
5181:Belgium
5166:Albania
5125:Disease
5105:Sports
5057:Ireland
4970:Warfare
4963:Aspects
4151:Origins
4144:Prelude
4047:Senussi
4027:Germany
4022:Leaders
3960:Romania
3901:Belgium
3896:Leaders
3795:Kamerun
3777:African
3712:Romania
3690:Balkans
3605:Outline
2991:of the
2987:in the
2887:2638042
2873:2638494
2569:2142304
2496:2212979
2243:Cmd.964
2103:Portals
2078:Britain
1987:Entente
1839:Lebanon
1711:Armenia
1683:Sassoun
1643:Başkale
1611:Arapgir
1599:Erzurum
1535:Tenedos
1511:Trabzon
1386:States
1350:removed
1335:sources
1288:Antalya
1219:Cilicia
1059:Armenia
986:Parties
869:36-139
821:Summary
439:Members
336:Italian
332:English
261:Romania
187:Belgium
173:Armenia
7028:Allies
7007:Batumi
6891:Erikli
6876:Malgaç
6813:Aintab
6803:Marash
6795:French
6752:Yozgat
6684:Samsun
6524:Issues
6332:Sweden
6327:Norway
6322:Greece
6245:Angora
6225:Moscow
6205:Warsaw
6171:Sèvres
6120:Vienna
6115:Berlin
6103:Russia
6095:Buftea
6090:Acroma
6065:London
5453:Russia
5428:France
5256:Canada
5171:Serbia
5042:Canada
4999:Horses
4951:(1921)
4945:(1920)
4939:(1920)
4933:(1920)
4925:(1920)
4878:(1919)
4872:(1919)
4818:(1918)
4783:(1918)
4777:(1917)
4765:(1916)
4759:(1916)
4724:(1915)
4136:(1913)
4118:(1911)
4100:(1905)
4057:Darfur
3982:Serbia
3965:Russia
3928:Greece
3916:France
3906:Brazil
3752:Persia
3695:Serbia
2949:
2939:
2912:
2885:
2871:
2845:online
2822:
2742:
2721:
2654:, 1919
2567:
2502:
2494:
2320:694027
2318:
2308:
2141:Europe
2129:Turkey
2065:, the
2059:France
2026:, the
2016:, and
1867:Hauran
1851:Aleppo
1651:Persia
1623:Harran
1619:Divrik
1531:Imbros
1521:Thrace
1495:Smyrna
1435:Yemen
1425:Hejaz
1415:Syria
1241:Greece
1215:Mardin
1197:France
1174:Europe
1144:sloops
1098:. The
858:27-35
833:Parts
746:France
742:Sèvres
703:French
641:Others
328:French
307:
286:
272:
258:
243:
231:Poland
228:
213:
201:Greece
198:
184:
170:
144:
129:
115:
104:France
101:
65:France
61:Sèvres
49:Signed
6911:Gediz
6901:Aydın
6853:Greek
6838:Fadıl
6694:Akbaş
6580:Media
6310:Egypt
6125:Batum
5930:Other
5650:Other
5443:Japan
5438:Italy
5265:camps
5109:Rugby
4659:]
3938:Japan
3933:Italy
3911:China
3805:North
2947:S2CID
2906:(PDF)
2883:JSTOR
2869:JSTOR
2667:p. 40
2565:JSTOR
2500:S2CID
2492:JSTOR
2381:See:
2362:(PDF)
2355:(PDF)
2248:Notes
2117:1920s
2057:with
2049:with
2032:Greek
1889:by a
1859:Hatay
1843:Syria
1698:Syria
1687:Sason
1639:Sinne
1631:Erbil
1615:Besni
1607:Kemah
1595:Ziven
1515:Batum
1507:Basra
1503:Haifa
1481:from
1430:Asir
1393:1914
1383:Date
1304:Lycia
1292:Konya
1280:Ouchy
1266:Italy
1235:Tokat
1231:Sivas
1223:Adana
1207:Antep
1057:over
973:XIII
918:VIII
847:1-26
216:Hejaz
147:Japan
132:Italy
6963:U.S.
6871:Urla
6808:Urfa
6780:Kars
6770:Oltu
6250:Kars
6078:1918
6073:1916
5230:POWs
4549:1918
4451:1917
4377:1916
4278:1915
4182:1914
3987:Siam
3790:East
3444:Fall
3044:Rise
2937:ISBN
2910:ISBN
2820:ISBN
2803:ISBN
2740:ISBN
2719:ISBN
2665:ibid
2612:2017
2459:link
2406:2017
2316:OCLC
2306:ISBN
1905:The
1729:The
1719:and
1694:Iraq
1681:and
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1533:and
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1176:and
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863:III
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