1212:
55:
1896:
others namely, Betlis, the ancient
Carduchia, lying to the south and south west of the lake Van. East and south east of Betlis is the principality of Julamerick, south west of it is the principality of Amadia. the fourth is Jeezera ul Omar, a city on an island in the Tigris, and corresponding to the ancient Bezabde. the fifth and largest is Kara Djiolan, with a capital of the same name. The pashalics of Kirkook and Solimania also comprise part of Upper Curdistan. Lower Curdistan comprises all the level tract to the east of the Tigris, and the minor ranges immediately bounding the plains and reaching thence to the foot of the great range, which may justly be denominated the Alps of western Asia.
2700:
688:
1596:
2640:
2624:
7036:
1228:
198:
1009:
2715:
1887:
2668:
2684:
2571:
704:
2656:
7060:
1507:
1404:
5514:
1025:
1801:
7048:
1457:
majority
Kurdish populations. Despite their production with political aims related to specific claims on the demographic and ethnographic structure of the region, and their questionable methodologies, they have become 'Kurdistan in the minds of Kurds' and the boundaries they indicate have been readily accepted."
1857:, Kurdistan covers around 190,000 km (73,000 sq mi) in Turkey, 125,000 km (48,000 sq mi) in Iran, 65,000 km (25,000 sq mi) in Iraq, and 12,000 km (4,600 sq mi) in Syria, with a total area of approximately 392,000 km (151,000 sq mi).
4821:
Iraqi
Turkmens, who are citizens of Iraq with Turkish origins, have been calling for their own independent province in the Tal Afar district west of Mosul, located in the center of the Ninevah province...Turkmens are a mix of Sunnis and Shiites and are the third-largest ethnicity in Iraq after Arabs
1895:
Modern
Curdistan is of much greater extent than the ancient Assyria, and is composed of two parts the Upper and Lower. In the former is the province of Ardelan, the ancient Arropachatis, now nominally a part of Irak Ajami, and belonging to the north west division called Al Jobal. It contains five
2473:
As of July 2007, the
Kurdish government solicited foreign companies to invest in 40 new oil sites, with the hope of increasing regional oil production over the following five years by a factor of five, to about 1 million barrels per day (160,000 m/d). Gas and associated gas reserves are in
2465:
challenged the Iraqi central government's authority with the signing of oil and gas contracts for exploration rights to six parcels of land in
Kurdistan, including one contract in the disputed territories, just east of the Kirkuk mega-field. This act caused Baghdad to threaten to revoke Exxon's
2369:
These rivers, which flow from heights of three to four thousand meters above sea level, are significant both as water sources and for the production of energy. Iraq and Syria dammed many of these rivers and their tributaries. Turkey has an extensive dam system under construction as part of the
1456:
has described maps of greater
Kurdistan created in the 1940s and forward as: "These maps have become some of the most influential propaganda tools for the Kurdish nationalist discourse. They depict a territorially exaggerated version of the territory of Kurdistan, extending into areas with no
2321:
region. It is the source for much of the water supply for neighboring countries. It means that political stability and peace in the region are important to the water supply of the region and preventing wars. Many think that for conserving the water "returning to traditional water-conserving
1517:
The incorporation into Turkey of the
Kurdish-inhabited regions of eastern Anatolia was opposed by many Kurds, and has resulted in a long-running separatist conflict in which tens of thousands of lives have been lost. The region saw several major Kurdish rebellions, including the
1579:
Turkey has historically feared that a
Kurdish state in Northern Iraq would encourage and support Kurdish separatists in the adjacent Turkish provinces, and have therefore historically strongly opposed Kurdish independence in Iraq. However, following the chaos in Iraq after
287:
consisting of some or all of these areas with a
Kurdish majority, while others campaign for greater autonomy within the existing national boundaries. Though, the delineation of the region remains disputed and varied, with some maps greatly exaggerating its boundaries.
1549:, the Kurdish language was officially prohibited in public and private life. Many people who spoke, published, or sang in Kurdish were arrested and imprisoned. Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, political parties that represented Kurdish interests were banned.
5474:(Rutgers University Press; 2014) 267 pages; Scholarly study of traditional social networks, such as patron-client relations, as well as technologically mediated communication, in a study of gender, kinship, and social life in Iraqi Kurdistan.
2374:; though incomplete, the GAP already supplies a significant proportion of Turkey's electrical energy needs. Due to the extraordinary archaeological richness of the region, almost any dam impacts historic sites. With the outbreak of the
1923:. Precipitation varies between 200 and 400 mm a year in the plains, and between 700 and 3,000 mm a year on the high plateau between mountain chains. The mountainous zone along the borders with Iran and Turkey experiences
2398:
in Iran on the east. The region includes Lake Van, the largest body of water in Turkey; the only lake in the Middle East with a larger surface is Lake Urmia – though not nearly as deep as Lake Van, which has a much larger volume.
2895:
At present, the different provinces of Kurdistān cover around 190,000 km2 in Turkey, 125,000 km2 in Iran, 65,000 km2 in Irāḳ, and 12,000 km2 in Syria. The total area of Kurdistān can then be estimated at approximately 392,000
1649:, with the resultant weakening of the ability of the Iraqi state to project power, also presented a "golden opportunity" for the Kurds to increase their independence and possibly declare an independent Kurdish state. The
616:
In Syria, they constitute three distinct belts, in the north of the country and to the south of the highway which forms a frontier and where they are in direct contact with their compatriots in Turkey... n the
1487:
has also presented an opportunity for independence for Iraqi Kurdistan, augmented by Turkey's move towards acceptance of such a state although it opposes moves toward Kurdish autonomy in Turkey and Syria.
3976:
The KDPS continued to promote the teaching of the Kurdish language in Latin characters and to cultivate the nationalist doctrine of the Syrian Kurds, using Kurdish myths (Kawa and "Greater Kurdistan")
199:
4627:
1576:
were carried out by both sides. Food embargoes were placed on Kurdish villages and towns. Tens of thousands were killed in the violence and hundreds of thousands were forced to leave their homes.
1113:. It was nominally under indirect political or religious influence of Khalifs or Shahs. A comprehensive history of these states and their relationship with their neighbors is given in the text of
4210:
4409:
4645:
1588:. The word 'Kurdistan', whether written or spoken, can still lead to detention and prosecution in Turkey. Kurdistan has been characterized as an "international colony" by the scholar
1479:
A 2010 US report, written before the instability in Syria and Iraq that exists as of 2014, attested that "Kurdistan may exist by 2030". The weakening of the Iraqi state following the
4563:"A fatwa (edict) has been issued permitting the shedding of the blood of the Kurds and they called from the mosque loudspeakers that the shedding of the Kurdish blood is halal"
3469:
Revue des études arméniennes, vol. 21, 1988–1989, p. 281, by Société des études armeniennes, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Published by Imprimerie nationale, P. Geuthner, 1989.
1697:. As of 2015, Turkey was actively supporting Al-Nusra, but as of January 2017, Turkey's foreign ministry has said that Al-Nusra is a terrorist group and has acted accordingly.
2330:
The plateaus and mountains of Kurdistan, which are characterized by heavy rain and snow fall, act as a water reservoir for the Near and Middle East, forming the source of the
1653:, who took more than 80 Turkish persons captive in Mosul during their offensive, is an enemy of Turkey, making Kurdistan useful for Turkey as a buffer state. On 28 June 2014
2558:
In July 2012, Turkey and the Kurdistan Region signed an agreement by which Turkey would regularly supply the KRG with refined petroleum products in exchange for crude oil.
2261:
Mountains are important geographical and symbolic features of Kurdish life, as evidenced by the saying "Kurds have no friends but the mountains." Mountains are regarded as
54:
5313:
5211:
4432:
5629:
4746:
1890:
The States outlined in red are two Kurdish States named Hakkiari and Mosul in this 1902 map. They are referred to as Upper Kurdistan and Lower Kurdistan respectively.
1211:
3088:
Extensive mountainous and plateau region in sw Asia, inhabited by the Kurds and including parts of E Turkey, NE Iran, N Iraq, NE Syria, S Armenia and E Azerbaijan.
5386:
5364:
3067:
1680:
1418:
of 1945, the Kurdish delegation proposed consideration of territory claimed by the Kurds, which encompassed an area extending from the Mediterranean shores near
1388:
and the borders of the modern Republic of Turkey, leaving the Kurds without a self-ruled region. Other Kurdish areas were assigned to the new British and French
2714:
4484:
5634:
3297:
2872:
4808:
5602:
1900:
The northern, northwestern and northeastern parts of Kurdistan are referred to as upper Kurdistan, and includes the areas from west of Amed to Lake Urmia.
1534:. All were forcefully put down by the authorities. The region was declared a closed military area from which foreigners were banned between 1925 and 1965.
5080:
6555:
4990:
Village on the Euphrates: From Foraging to Farming at Abu Hureyra, by A.M.T Moore, G.C. Hillman and A.J. Legge, Published 2000, Oxford University Press
3413:
637:
Many of the maps delineating Kurdistan are greatly exaggerated, also incorporating non-Kurdish regions, which has made the subject very controversial.
339:
4822:
and Kurds, numbering around 3 million out of the total population of about 34.7 million, according to 2013 data from the Iraqi Ministry of Planning.
3959:
6302:
1497:
322:
Iraqi Kurdistan first gained autonomous status in a 1970 agreement with the Iraqi government, and its status was re-confirmed as the autonomous
6495:
2667:
4417:
5607:
5002:
The Status of the Iraq Smooth-coated Otter Lutrogale perspicillata maxwelli Hayman 1956 and Eurasian Otter Lutra lutra Linnaeus 1758 in Iraq.
4547:"President Masoud Barzani of Iraqi Kurdistan has pledged protection for Syrian Kurds from al-Nusra, a terrorist organization, which issued a
5015:
4458:
3689:
3008:
Kurdistan was never a sovereign state, though the area with an ethnic and linguistic majority of Kurdish population is defined as Kurdistan.
4523:
2623:
299:
were established from the 8th to 19th centuries. Administratively, the 20th century saw the establishment of the short-lived areas of the
4023:
2639:
1693:
calling for Kurdish women and children in Syria to be killed, and the fighting in Syria has led tens of thousands of refugees to flee to
6506:
6397:
6249:
2699:
5163:
4048:
3550:
A System of Geography. Popular and Scientific (A Physical, Political, and Statistical Account of the World and Its Various Divisions)
7095:
6915:
5715:
4513:
7013:
6539:
5941:
5287:
296:
5320:
5265:
5218:
1955:. Mountain chains harbor pastures and forested valleys, totaling approximately 16 million hectares (160,000 km), including
1016:(mountains of northeastern Mesopotamia), highlighting "Summer and winter resorts of the Kurds", the Kurdish lands. Redrawn from
6500:
5863:
2683:
1658:
1569:
4736:
1986:
The region north of the mountainous region on the border with Iran and Turkey features meadow grasses and such wild trees as,
6903:
6837:
6373:
5548:
5461:
5421:
5347:
5235:
4867:
4842:
4716:
4365:
4319:
4292:
4240:
4194:
4164:
3910:
3824:
3799:
3764:
3591:
5368:
1716:, total population of Kurdistan is around 34.5 million, and Kurds making 86% of population of Northern Kurdistan. There are
6817:
6588:
6418:
6223:
5649:
2775:
1545:" until 1991. The words "Kurds", "Kurdistan", or "Kurdish" were officially banned by the Turkish government. Following the
5495:.: Includes a significant coverage of the Turkish sector of historic Kurdistan, the Kurds, and their resistance movement.
5061:
4554:
4544:
3508:
6950:
6879:
6724:
6560:
6295:
5894:
1642:
1480:
1446:
1216:
424:
5484:. London: Published jointly by Kurdistan Solidarity Committee and Kurdistan Information Centre, 1991. 46 p. Without ISBN
5444:. London: Published jointly by Kurdistan Solidarity Committee and Kurdistan Information Centre, 1991. 44 p. Without ISBN
6897:
6730:
6718:
6640:
6098:
6078:
5924:
5398:
4816:
1927:, rainy and sometimes snowy winters, and damp springs, while to the south the climate progressively transitions toward
6939:
6735:
6379:
6363:
5974:
5500:
5049:
4981:
A Dictionary of Scripture Geography, p 57, by John Miles, 486 pages, Published 1846, Original from Harvard University
4007:
3969:
3574:
3366:
3321:
3280:
3270:
3081:
3001:
2888:
1397:
6927:
6891:
4069:
2655:
1915:– hot in the summer, cold in the winter. Despite this, much of the region is fertile and has historically exported
5001:
1903:
The lowlands of southern Kurdistan are called lower Kurdistan. The main cities in this area are Kirkuk and Arbil.
6068:
4154:
914:
asked Mar Abdisho about his place of origin, he replied that according to his parents, they were originally from
4557:"Al-Nusra Front, Syria's Al-Qaeda affiliate, issued a fatwa condoning the killing of Kurdish women and children"
2908:
1472:
who would be subjected to Iraqi air attacks. Amid the withdrawal of Iraqi forces from three northern provinces,
6674:
6517:
6288:
6063:
5677:
3492:
2816:
2444: m) of oil, making it the sixth largest reserve in the world. Extraction of these reserves began in 2007.
1415:
806:
and other scholars have dismissed this identification as false, while a common association is asserted in the
6583:
6469:
6457:
6311:
6166:
6073:
4608:
3221:
The Edinburgh Encyclopædia, conducted by D. Brewster—Page 511, Original from Oxford University—published 1830
2740:
2371:
2366:
in Iraq; and the Jaghatu (Zarrinarud), the Tātā'u (Siminarud), the Zohāb (Zahāb), and the Gāmāsiyāb in Iran.
1694:
1585:
300:
6474:
4269:
3411:
802:
Some historians have correlated a connection between Corduene with the modern names of Kurds and Kurdistan;
7100:
6825:
6806:
6679:
6600:
6544:
6093:
6083:
6058:
5936:
4590:
1868:
4676:
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in 66 BC and remained allied with the Romans until AD 384. After 66 BC, it passed another 5 times between
7090:
6909:
6873:
6861:
6765:
6685:
6594:
6088:
5619:
4628:"Turkey and Saudi Arabia alarm the West by backing Islamist extremists the Americans had bombed in Syria"
4560:
3855:"Making a National Vatan in Turkey: Geography Education in the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Periods"
1948:
1561:
1274:
60:
3399:
Oil and National Identity in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Conflicts at the Frontier of Petro-Capitalism
934:
Tamanon lies just north of the modern Iraq-Turkey border, while Hazza is 12 km southwest of modern
7026:
6885:
6867:
6776:
6549:
6534:
6528:
6207:
5757:
5518:
4681:
4512:
Deniz Duruiz (Summer 2020). Ayҫa Alemdaroğlu; Elif Babül; Arang Keshavarzian; Nabil Al-Tikriti (eds.).
3478:
T. A. Sinclair, "Eastern Turkey, an Architectural and Archaeological Survey", 1989, volume 3, page 360.
2206:
1713:
1501:
732:, lived in this region in antiquity. The original Mannaean homeland was situated east and south of the
20:
4940:
1813:
1522:
of 1920 under the Ottomans, then successive insurrections under the Turkish state, including the 1924
7085:
6933:
6713:
6391:
6334:
6149:
5747:
5541:
1610:
1538:
1469:
1465:
1389:
1385:
145:
95:
3998:
3586:
T. A. Sinclair, "Eastern Turkey, an Architectural and Archaeological Survey", Vol. 3, Pindar Press,
3106:
455:
and Divriği. Equally, the whole region includes areas to the east and south-east of these limits...
6849:
6843:
6831:
6707:
5843:
4383:"After Being Banned for Almost a Century, Turkey's Kurds Are Clamoring to Learn Their Own Language"
2706:
2170:
602:
531:
4031:
1476:
emerged in 1992 as an autonomous entity inside Iraq with its own local government and parliament.
6921:
6788:
6606:
6572:
6566:
6522:
6463:
6385:
5737:
5106:
5019:
4024:"Turkey may be divided, a Kurdish state could become a reality by 2030: U.S. Intelligence report"
3903:"Un mondo senza stati è un mondo senza guerre". Politisch motivierte Gewalt im regionalen Kontext
3686:
3489:
Sophene, Gordyene, and Adiabene: Three Regna Minora of Northern Mesopotamia Between East and West
3073:
2509:
1864:
1453:
516:
374:
343:
4114:
The settlement issue in Turkey and the Kurds: an analysis of spatial policies, modernity and war
3604:
Mouawad, R. J. (1992). "The Kurds and Their Christian Neighbors: The Case of Orthodox Syriacs".
2582:
1706:
687:
6800:
6479:
6183:
5878:
5639:
3993:
3859:
2447:
2051:
2027:
2015:
1854:
1099:
1091:
1043:
1003:
963:
577:
In Iraq, the Kurds occupy the north and northeast of the country in the liwaʾs or provinces of
415:
128:
4935:
2470:
Phase 1 project. Exxon responded by announcing its intention to leave the West-Qurna project.
1589:
500:
6782:
5986:
5953:
5904:
5821:
5667:
4357:
3120:
1924:
1581:
1546:
1523:
1369:
1180:
1118:
808:
232:
have historically been based. Geographically, Kurdistan roughly encompasses the northwestern
2350:, Kura, Sefidrud, Karkha, and Hezil. Among rivers of historical importance to Kurds are the
6983:
6423:
6253:
6037:
5848:
5672:
5614:
5586:
5534:
3259:, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Vol. 40, No. 3 (1991), pp. 366–74 (see p. 371)
2007:
1817:, Kurdistan covers about 190,000 km (or 73,000 square miles), and its chief towns are
1595:
646:
480:
304:
5291:
5085:
Environmental Change and Security Program Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
5081:"A Watershed Moment for Iraqi Kurdistan: Subnational Hydropolitics and Regional Stability"
2958:
1519:
1312:
In the 16th century, after prolonged wars, Kurdish-inhabited areas were split between the
496:
423:
In Turkey, the Kurds inhabit the whole of the eastern region of the country. According to
8:
6998:
6978:
6512:
6202:
6053:
6025:
6018:
5931:
5831:
5826:
5413:
4908:Çerkes halkı ve sorunları: Çerkes tarih, kültür, coğrafya ve siyasetine sınıfsal yaklaşım
4768:
Kushner, David (1987). "Pan-Turkism Today: Contemporary Turkey and the "Outside Turks"".
2780:
2493:
2250:
2194:
2190:
2095:
2087:
2035:
2019:
2011:
1995:
1944:
1912:
1321:
1195:
694:
567:
447:. On the west they extend in a wide belt beyond the course of the Euphrates, and, in the
407:
316:
280:
185:
3905:, ed. by Georg Grote, Hannes Obermair and Günther Rautz (EURAC book 60), Bozen–Bolzano,
3161:
2751:
1764:. Kurdistan has also significant Caucasian population, Caucasians of Kurdistan included
1470:
no-fly zone over northern Iraq to provide humanitarian relief to and safeguard the Kurds
1408:
1373:
524:
7105:
7080:
6993:
6988:
6233:
6228:
5914:
5805:
5785:
5571:
4741:
4732:
4518:
4382:
4352:
The Kurdish nationalist movement in the 1990s: its impact on Turkey and the Middle East
3884:
3230:
An Account of the State of Roman-Catholick Religion, Sir Richard Steele, Published 1715
3204:
3094:
2760:
2343:
2230:
2075:
2071:
2063:
2047:
2003:
1654:
1568:
took place through the 1980s and 1990s in which much of the countryside was evacuated,
1527:
1265:, who traveled in the region between 1640 and 1655, mentioned that Kurdistan includes
1205:
1055:
1029:
971:
904:
630:
594:
555:
492:
327:
312:
308:
5477:
5344:
4835:
Caucasian battlefields: A History of the Wars on the Turco-Caucasian Border, 1828–1921
4396:
2317:
Iraqi Kurdistan is a region relatively rich in water, especially for countries in the
1510:
484:
6771:
6121:
6030:
5838:
5705:
5698:
5496:
5457:
5453:
5417:
5394:
5045:
4954:
4863:
4838:
4777:
4712:
4361:
4350:
4315:
4288:
4236:
4190:
4160:
4003:
3965:
3906:
3888:
3876:
3820:
3795:
3760:
3587:
3570:
3362:
3317:
3313:
3276:
3196:
3077:
2997:
2884:
2765:
2451:
2154:
2079:
2031:
1928:
1860:
1573:
1329:
1220:
1164:
1160:
1071:
923:
741:
598:
578:
460:
456:
335:
264:
248:
229:
225:
80:
4646:"Turkey sees Nusra Front as terrorist group, acts accordingly: source Reuters Staff"
4284:
The Kurdisch conflict in Turkey : obstacles and chances for peace and democracy
7064:
7052:
7003:
6855:
6008:
5710:
5644:
3868:
3309:
3305:
3188:
2880:
2790:
2725:
2519:
Other mineral resources that exist in significant quantities in the region include
2467:
2431:
2375:
2302:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2262:
2178:
1667:
indicating Turkey's readiness to accept an independent Kurdistan in northern Iraq.
1531:
1473:
1246:
967:
856:
476:
472:
471:; in the centre, going from west to east and from north to south, the provinces of
464:
399:
382:
369:
331:
323:
272:
237:
233:
192:
167:
90:
85:
43:
5243:
3239:
N. Maxoudian, "Early Armenia as an Empire: The Career of Tigranes III, 95–55 BC",
1381:
1262:
1258:
7035:
6691:
6257:
6161:
6139:
6116:
5991:
5969:
5948:
5919:
5909:
5899:
5581:
5576:
5351:
4309:
4282:
4230:
4184:
3936:
3872:
3693:
3664:
3654:, Vol. 5, 762 pp., Cambridge University Press, 1968. (see p. 237 for "Rawwadids")
3523:, Vol. 5, 762 pp., Cambridge University Press, 1968. (see p. 237 for "Rawwadids")
3417:
3356:
2497:
2290:
2242:
2218:
2214:
1999:
1991:
1725:
1676:
1663:
1325:
1227:
1200:
1130:
951:
939:
892:
815:
Some of the ancient districts of Kurdistan and their corresponding modern names:
772:
760:
745:
520:
508:
256:
221:
209:
3429:
3192:
1886:
1445:
has identified "Greater Kurdistan" as being one of the "Kurdish myths" that the
1008:
488:
459:
numbers at least 17 of them almost totally: in the north-east, the provinces of
6578:
6197:
6013:
5981:
5752:
5742:
5722:
5693:
5437:
4215:
3854:
3532:
2690:
2298:
2294:
2222:
2182:
2135:
2131:
2091:
2039:
1987:
1932:
1883:(published 1846), John Miles describes Upper and Lower Kurdistan as following:
1781:
1773:
1749:
1745:
1721:
1686:
1542:
1393:
1317:
1313:
978:. They mention the mountains of Qardu, city of Qardu and country of Qardawaye.
896:
784:
767:
between Persia and Mesopotamia and ruled northern Mesopotamia and southeastern
504:
448:
403:
276:
4485:"Police detain citizen who told İYİ Party Chair Akşener 'Kurdistan is denied'"
2383:
7074:
6645:
6402:
6368:
6178:
5858:
5795:
5790:
5769:
4781:
4287:. Münster : New York, N.Y.: Lit ; St. Martin's press. p. 182.
3880:
3200:
2994:
Jewish Subjects and Their Tribal Chieftains in Kurdistan: A Study in Survival
2934:
2747:
2339:
2202:
2186:
2166:
2099:
2067:
2055:
1789:
1769:
1741:
1650:
1646:
1628:
1565:
1484:
1126:
1051:
717:
661:
610:
571:
468:
440:
355:
292:
3639:
Trapped between the map and reality: geography and perceptions of Kurdistan
1818:
1357:
1168:
1095:
796:
613:, where they are neighbours of the Kurds of Iran to the west of the Zagros.
334:
were able to take control of large sections of northern Syria and establish
6144:
5800:
5164:"Turkish dams threaten northeast Syria with ecological and economic blight"
3021:
Trapped between the map and reality: geography and perceptions of Kurdistan
2721:
2513:
2501:
2420:
2408:
2363:
2347:
2274:
2246:
2238:
2234:
2059:
2023:
1964:
1834:
1761:
1757:
1733:
1705:
For the demographics of the Kurdistand Region of the Republic of Iraq, see
1423:
1345:
1250:
1075:
1059:
995:
975:
947:
880:
792:
788:
776:
512:
354:
Kurdistan means "Land of the Kurds" and was first attested in 11th-century
284:
5189:
5137:
2551:. The world's largest deposit of rock sulfur is located just southwest of
1560:
in response to the activities of the militant separatist organization the
709:
19th-century map showing the location of the Kingdom of Corduene in 60 BCE
7040:
5996:
5873:
5868:
5853:
5762:
5732:
5557:
4126:
3564:
3119:
Hamit Bozarslan “The Kurdish Question: Can it be solved within Europe?”,
2770:
2608:
2351:
2318:
2306:
2226:
2210:
1980:
1826:
1785:
1557:
1442:
1384:(and other pressing issues) caused the Allies to accept the renegotiated
1337:
1270:
1233:
1106:
900:
828:
439:... The Kurds also occupy the western slopes of Ararat, the districts of
6280:
3208:
3176:
2570:
1320:
empires. A major division of Kurdistan occurred in the aftermath of the
703:
6269:
6265:
6261:
6188:
6154:
5624:
4812:
4514:"Tracing the Conceptual Genealogy of Kurdistan as International Colony"
3458:
2795:
2674:
2489:
2485:
2416:
2400:
2395:
2379:
2355:
2270:
2043:
1846:
1838:
1737:
1506:
1372:
contrived to split Kurdistan (as detailed in the ultimately unratified
1242:
1047:
1017:
987:
955:
733:
539:
535:
243:
Kurdistan generally comprises the following four regions: southeastern
5491:. Burnaby, B.C.: Talonbooks , 1999. 320 p., ill. with b&w photos.
4575:
4459:"Police detain Kurdish man for calling Turkey's southeast 'Kurdistan'"
3623:
Gunes, Cengiz; Bozarslan, Hamit; Yadirgi, Veli, eds. (22 April 2021).
2322:
cultivation techniques" will be needed, as well as "communal economy"
428:
6452:
6171:
5345:
Official statements on the oil and gas sector in the Kurdistan region
4708:
3901:
Sardar Aziz (2013). "Re-conceptualizing Kurdistan as a Battlefield."
2837:
2536:
2455:
2359:
2335:
2162:
2158:
2147:
2143:
2119:
2111:
1943:
Kurdistan is one of the most mountainous regions in the world with a
1920:
1777:
1729:
1619:
1290:
1079:
729:
725:
677:
665:
629:; and finally, a belt of 250 km. in length by 30 km. in depth in the
622:
618:
586:
291:
Historically, the word "Kurdistan" is first attested in 11th century
213:
6944:
4576:"Some 30,000 Syrians flee to Iraq's Kurdistan region, more expected"
1800:
1403:
1380:
and others. However, the reconquest of these areas by the forces of
5472:
Kurdistan on the Global Stage: Kinship, Land, and Community in Iraq
4311:
The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance
3711:(Chronicle), ed. by M. Melik-Adamyan et al., Erevan, 1991. (p. 156)
2785:
2646:
2630:
2505:
2404:
2123:
2083:
1968:
1842:
1765:
1753:
1461:
1142:
1134:
1109:
was a collection of semi-independent and independent states called
1083:
1063:
999:
991:
908:
768:
764:
756:
749:
721:
669:
657:
626:
606:
559:
394:
4886:(in Turkish). University of Wisconsin – Madison. 1994. p. 10.
1788:. From early stage on, these Caucasians went through a process of
1740:(Assyrian and Armenian) and Turkish (Turkmen) minorities as well.
1736:
minorities in Northern Kurdistan. In Southern Kurdistan there are
1690:
6625:
6319:
4770:
Asian and African Studies: Journal of the Israel Oriental Society
2484: cu ft). Notable companies active in Kurdistan include
2412:
2174:
2115:
1976:
1850:
1804:
Historic map from 1721 showing borders of Curdistan provinces in
1427:
1377:
1333:
1302:
1298:
1282:
1266:
1254:
1184:
1172:
1153:
1146:
1110:
954:, Tamanon was located on the south-western or southern slopes of
919:
911:
862:
834:
737:
673:
590:
563:
551:
444:
432:
4433:"Three raising Kurdistan flag during May Day arrested in Turkey"
3937:"The map presented by the Kurdish League Delegation, March 1945"
3358:
Mapping Kurdistan: Territory, Self-Determination and Nationalism
2979:
Mapping Kurdistan: Territory, Self-Determination and Nationalism
7008:
6750:
6611:
6001:
5513:
5266:"Iraq says expects Exxon to finish West Qurna Sale by December"
4489:
4338:, 2nd edition. Joel Krieger, ed. Oxford University Press, 2001.
3455:
The Seven Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World, Vol. 7
2544:
2540:
2524:
2331:
2198:
2139:
2103:
1972:
1952:
1871:
of Turkey and it is home to an estimated 6 to 8 million Kurds.
1822:
1805:
1435:
1349:
1138:
1087:
1067:
1024:
824:
780:
582:
547:
452:
244:
112:
75:
5526:
3990:
Iraqi Kurdistan - Political development and emergent democracy
2338:
rivers, as well as other numerous smaller rivers, such as the
1570:
thousands of Kurdish villages were destroyed by the government
866:
6973:
6794:
6659:
5042:
No Friends but the Mountains: The Tragic History of the Kurds
4837:. Cambridge University Press. 17 February 2011. p. 104.
4548:
3780:, Iran and the Caucasus, Vol. 13, pp. 1–58, 2009. (see p. 20)
3724:, Iran and the Caucasus, Vol. 13, pp. 1–58, 2009. (see p. 19)
3251:
3249:
2963:
2552:
2462:
2378:, Turkey was accused of withholding water from the reservoir
2266:
2107:
1916:
1830:
1717:
1419:
1360:
among others and was one out of six regions of Ottoman Asia.
1353:
1328:. In a geography textbook of late Ottoman military school by
1306:
1294:
1286:
1278:
1122:
1013:
959:
938:. In another passage in the same document, the region of the
935:
849:
820:
543:
364:
268:
217:
120:
3652:
The Cambridge history of Iran: The Saljuq and Mongol periods
3521:
The Cambridge history of Iran: The Saljuq and Mongol periods
3257:
The Role of Hostages in Roman Diplomacy with Sasanian Persia
530:
inhabit the north-west of Iran. Firstly in the provinces of
427:(1878), the limit of their extent to the north was the line
6437:
6348:
4896:
Ahmet Buran Ph.D., Türkiye'de Diller ve Etnik Gruplar, 2012
4186:
Diasporas and Homeland Conflicts: A Comparative Perspective
3035:
Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland
2755:
2548:
2532:
2528:
2520:
2142:
and desert in the south, by contrast, have such species as
1874:
1553:
1431:
1341:
436:
326:
within the federal Iraqi republic in 2005. There is also a
260:
252:
116:
108:
4923:
Anadolu'da bir köy: Eskikonak : antropolojik inceleme
4705:
Turkmenistan: Strategies of Power, Dilemmas of Development
4591:"Syrian Kurds continue to flee to Iraq in their thousands"
4159:(1. publ. ed.). Westport, Conn.: Praeger. p. 3.
3246:
2354:(Arasān) and Buhtān rivers in Turkey; the Peshkhābur, the
413:
Albeit admitting a thorough delineation is difficult, the
297:
Kurdish dynasties, emirates, principalities, and chiefdoms
5410:
Managing Diversity in Organizations: A Global Perspective
4049:"The Rise of ISIS, a Golden Opportunity for Iraq's Kurds"
3926:, Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol.43, No.4, p. 274.
3750:, Iran and the Caucasus, Vol. 13, pp. 1–58, 2009. (p. 20)
3552:, pp. 133–4, Vol. IV, Fullarton & Co., Glasgow, 1832.
2127:
1960:
1956:
1600:
5288:"Iraqi Kurds open 40 new oil sites to foreign investors"
4356:. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky. p.
2981:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 2, 137, 177, 197.
342:(commonly called Rojava), where they seek autonomy in a
330:
in Iran, which is not self-ruled. Kurds fighting in the
4551:
calling for the killing of Kurdish women and children"
4070:"Turkey Ready To Accept Kurdish State in Northern Iraq"
3987:
3135:
3133:
4257:
The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia including Atlas
3794:. State University of New York Press. pp. 27–28.
3567:: Narrative and Christian Heroism in Late Antique Iraq
3384:
Routledge Library Editions: History of the Middle East
2434:
is estimated to contain around 45 billion barrels (7.2
16:
Region of West Asia with a historical Kurdish presence
7024:
5365:"First Shipment of Kurdistan Crude Arrives in Turkey"
4955:"Middle East | Kurds show coded support for PKK"
4788:
3622:
3295:
2870:
1584:, Turkey has increasingly worked with the autonomous
1449:(KDPS) were involved in promoting to Kurds in Syria.
178:
5442:
Selected Writings Kurdistan and Turkish Colonialism
3839:
C. Dahlman, "The Political Geography of Kurdistan",
3130:
1552:
In 1983, the Kurdish provinces were included in the
4905:
4101:
A people without a country: the Kurds and Kurdistan
1237:, the first Muslim atlas, showing Kurdistan in blue
899:, describing the stories of Assyrian saints of the
554:(ex-Sabla); in the province of Ardalan, called the
275:). Some definitions also include parts of southern
4731:
4349:
3819:. State University of New York Press. p. 34.
3759:Zehiroglu, Ahmet M. "Trabzon Imparatorlugu" 2016 (
3175:Vanly, Ismet Chérif; Vanly, Ismet Cheriff (1977).
2959:Turkey demands Google remove Greater Kurdistan map
2927:
2466:contract in its southern fields, most notably the
2426:
1245:, the boundaries of the Kurdish land begin at the
1179:. The second record occurs in the prayer from the
922:. However, they were later driven out of Hazza by
4336:The Oxford Companion to the Politics of the World
3296:Bois, Th; Minorsky, V.; MacKenzie, D. N. (2002).
2871:Bois, Th; Minorsky, V.; MacKenzie, D. N. (2002).
791:and Persia. Corduene was situated to the east of
340:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
7072:
6633:
4920:
3687:Kurdistan and its native Provincial subdivisions
2996:. Leiden, The Netherlands: BRILL. pp. 1–2.
1792:and thereby had Kurdish as their mother tongue.
1376:) among several countries, including Kurdistan,
962:. Other geographical references to the Kurds in
795:, that is, to the east and south of present-day
5489:Anatolia Junction: a Journey into Hidden Turkey
5113:. International Society for Ecology and Culture
4809:"Iraq's Turkmens call for independent province"
4761:
4725:
4143:, (Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 90–1.
4090:, 184 pp., Palgrave Macmillan, 1997. (see p. 6)
2677:, center of Mokrian district, northwestern Iran
1681:Syrian Kurdish–Islamist conflict (2013–present)
1541:, the Turkish government categorized Kurds as "
6556:Kurdistan Democratic Party – Progressive Front
6496:Action Party for the Independence of Kurdistan
5016:"Iraq's Marshes Show Progress toward Recovery"
4857:
4827:
4116:, 354 pp., BRILL Publishers, 2007. (see p. 37)
4103:, 259 pp., Interlink Books, 1993. (see p. 250)
4043:
4041:
1368:After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the
771:from 189 BC to AD 384 as vassals of the vying
392:. One of the ancient names of this region was
6296:
5542:
5182:
5107:"Agriculture and Autonomy in the Middle East"
4588:
3569:(368 pages), University of California Press,
3336:
3121:page 84 “The years of silence and of renewal”
1042:In the tenth and eleventh centuries, several
763:, was located to the south and south-east of
605:(entirely Kurdish) and, in the... nahiyas of
220:form a prominent majority population and the
35:
5062:"Iraqi Kurds: "No Friend but the Mountains""
4696:
4625:
4609:"Syrian Kurds Flee To Iraq by the Thousands"
4524:Middle East Research and Information Project
4511:
4064:
4062:
3961:Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society
3272:The Political Economy of the Kurds of Turkey
3177:"Coup d'oeil sur la culture nationale Kurde"
1407:Kurdistan (shaded area) as suggested by the
1137:in the south; Bakran, Bohtan (or Botan) and
1078:(959–1015) (in Zagros between Shahrizor and
349:
283:organizations seek to create an independent
5290:. Iraq Updates. 9 July 2007. Archived from
5142:Kurdistanica, The Encyclopedia of Kurdistan
4999:Al-Sheikhly, O.F.; and Nader, I.A. (2013).
4235:. Cambridge University Press. p. 134.
4038:
3665:"Sharafnama: History of the Kurdish Nation"
3361:. Cambridge University Press. p. 108.
3243:, Vol. 39, Issue 2, April 1952, pp. 156–63.
2661:Zê river in Zebari region, Iraqi Kurdistan.
6507:Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan
6398:Organization of Iranian Kurdistan Struggle
6303:
6289:
5549:
5535:
4800:
3381:
3339:Kurdish Identity, Discourse, and New Media
3241:Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society
3174:
1951:adequate to sustain temperate forests and
1253:and stretch on an even line to the end of
1241:According to Sharaf al-Din Bitlisi in his
1215:British Government 1921 proposal from the
887:One of the earliest records of the phrase
581:... Left outside their administration are
59:Kurdish-inhabited areas (according to the
53:
6310:
4059:
3997:
3627:. Cambridge University Press. p. 31.
3162:"Kurds seek autonomy in democratic Syria"
2724:, taken in 2009 from the southern side. (
1152:The earliest medieval attestation of the
981:
406:used the term 'Kurdistan' to refer to an
358:chronicles.The exact origins of the name
140:392,000 km (151,000 sq mi)
5391:The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages
5384:
4977:
4975:
4702:
4178:
4176:
3139:
3037:. University of Texas Press. p. 2.
2458:and is suitable for agricultural lands.
2153:Animals found in the region include the
1885:
1875:Subdivisions (Upper and Lower Kurdistan)
1799:
1594:
1505:
1402:
1324:in 1514, and was formalized in the 1639
1226:
1223:, for an autonomous region of Kurdistan.
1210:
1046:emerged in the region: in the north the
1023:
1007:
7014:List of Kurdish dynasties and countries
5447:
4899:
4851:
4767:
4456:
4430:
4280:
4262:
4127:"Turkey – Linguistic and Ethnic Groups"
3641:, 258 pp., Routledge, 2004. (see p. 68)
3603:
3503:Victoria Arekelova, Garnik S. Asatryan
3350:
3348:
3341:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 224–225.
3268:
3023:, 258 pp., Routledge, 2004. (see p. 77)
2454:region, has geopolitical importance of
1498:Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)
693:Ancient Kurdistan as Kard-uchi, during
7073:
6795:Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Movement
6501:Democratic National Union of Kurdistan
5407:
5132:
5130:
5128:
5111:Local Futures – Economics of Happiness
5104:
4806:
4794:
4374:
4301:
3817:Kurdish Notables and the Ottoman State
3814:
3792:Kurdish Notables and the Ottoman State
3789:
3397:Tinti, Alessandro (29 November 2021).
3032:
2277:(both prominent in Kurdish folklore),
930:which according to Abdisho was in the
388:"Kurdistan" was also formerly spelled
6916:Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party
6284:
5530:
4972:
4952:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4347:
4341:
4307:
4232:Nation Building in Turkey and Morocco
4228:
4182:
4173:
4152:
3992:. RoutledgeCurzon. pp. 146–152.
3957:
3852:
3778:Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds
3748:Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds
3735:Colophons of the Armenian Manuscripts
3722:Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds
3616:
3505:Prolegomena To The Study Of The Kurds
3396:
3337:Sheyholislami, Jaffer (6 June 2011).
3289:
2991:
2693:, Northern Kurdistan (eastern Turkey)
1491:
736:, roughly centered around modern-day
515:; Finally, the southern provinces of
191:
6589:Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party
6419:Iranian Call and Reform Organization
5354:, Kurdistan Development Corporation.
5314:"Kurdistan Oil and Gas Activity Map"
5078:
4749:from the original on 14 January 2017
4334:Martin van Bruinessen, "Kurdistan."
4328:
4203:
3924:The Political Geography of Kurdistan
3354:
3345:
2985:
2976:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2776:Lists of active separatist movements
2565:
2102:. The desert in the south is mostly
1911:Much of the region is typified by a
1853:(Mehabad) in Iran. According to the
1707:Kurdistan Region § Demographics
1651:Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant
1647:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
1485:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
1452:An academic source published by the
115:with varying degrees of autonomy in
6951:Workers Vanguard Party of Kurdistan
6725:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria
6561:Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party
6540:Communist Party of Kurdistan – Iraq
5125:
5005:IUCN Otter Spec. Group Bull. 30(1).
4860:Diasporas of the Modern Middle East
4389:
4249:
4156:Contemporary Turkish foreign policy
3401:. Taylor & Francis. p. 71.
3386:. Taylor & Francis. p. 47.
3382:O'Shea, Maria T. (25 August 2021).
1881:A Dictionary of Scripture Geography
1685:Various sources have reported that
1670:
1447:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria
759:, which emerged from the declining
410:rather than a geographical region.
171:
36:
13:
6731:Kurdish Democratic Political Union
6719:Kurdish National Alliance in Syria
6374:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran
5431:
4664:
4555:David Phillips (World Post column)
4545:David Phillips (World Post column)
4457:English, Duvar (29 October 2021).
4380:
4189:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 63.
4088:The Kurds and the future of Turkey
3625:The Cambridge History of the Kurds
2312:
1938:
1636:
1175:in 1062 as to have taken place in
651:
625:where the river enters Syria near
419:delineated Kurdistan as following:
311:i.e. "Red Kurdistan" (1923–1929),
14:
7117:
6940:Society for the Rise of Kurdistan
6736:Movement for a Democratic Society
5506:
4397:Kurdish rebels kill Turkey troops
3843:, Vol.43, No.4, pp.271–299, 2002.
3685:For a list of these entities see
3125:Turkey Today: A European Country?
2855:
1363:
1183:of an Armenian manuscript of the
7058:
7046:
7034:
6928:Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan
6892:Kurdistan Democratic Party/North
5512:
5357:
5338:
5319:. Western Zagros. Archived from
5306:
5280:
5258:
5228:
5204:
5156:
5105:Keller, Sean (6 February 2018).
5098:
5072:
5054:
5040:John Bulloch and Harvey Morris,
5034:
5018:. Wildlife Extra. Archived from
5008:
4993:
4984:
4953:Myrie, Clive (26 October 2007).
4946:
4929:
4914:
4890:
4737:"Who Are the Turkmens of Syria?"
4589:Martin Chulov (19 August 2013).
3988:Gareth R. V. Stansfield (2003).
3841:Eurasian Geography and Economics
3314:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0544
3151:Iraqi Constitution, Article 113.
2713:
2698:
2682:
2666:
2654:
2638:
2622:
2569:
2372:GAP (Southeast Anatolia Project)
702:
686:
550:, and to the south of the lake,
7096:Kurdistan independence movement
5556:
5192:. The Encyclopædia of Kurdistan
4876:
4638:
4619:
4613:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
4601:
4582:
4568:
4537:
4505:
4477:
4450:
4424:
4402:
4274:
4222:
4146:
4133:
4119:
4106:
4093:
4080:
4074:International Business Times UK
4016:
3981:
3951:
3929:
3916:
3895:
3846:
3833:
3808:
3783:
3770:
3753:
3740:
3727:
3714:
3698:
3679:
3657:
3644:
3631:
3597:
3580:
3555:
3542:
3526:
3513:
3497:
3481:
3472:
3463:
3447:
3422:
3405:
3390:
3375:
3330:
3269:Yadirgi, Veli (3 August 2017).
3262:
3233:
3224:
3215:
3168:
3154:
3145:
3113:
3060:
3026:
2427:Petroleum and mineral resources
1979:and, to the west of Kurdistan,
1629:Islamic State in Iraq and Syria
1332:Kurdistan span over the cities
1121:in 1597. The emirates included
716:Various groups, among them the
6675:Descendants of Saladin Brigade
6518:Islamic Fayli Grouping in Iraq
5450:International Colony Kurdistan
5242:. 4 March 2012. Archived from
4858:Anthony Gorman (29 May 2015).
3507:, Iran and The Caucasus, 2009
3434:Britannica Online Encyclopedia
3275:. Cambridge University Press.
3013:
2970:
2952:
2939:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
2901:
2830:
2809:
2423:, are frequented by tourists.
1416:San Francisco Peace Conference
1038:(1072–74), included Kurdistan.
1:
6584:Kurdistan Revolutionary Party
5815:Eastern and Southeastern Asia
5389:. In Bjork, Robert E. (ed.).
5385:Mitchell, Colin Paul (2010).
4271:, NY Times, 28 September 2007
2803:
2741:A Modern History of the Kurds
2629:A typical Kurdish village in
2601:
2269:. Included in the region are
1752:and do not identify with the
1659:Justice and Development Party
1657:, a spokesman for the ruling
1586:Kurdistan Regional Government
1167:. He described a battle near
190:'land of the Kurds';
6826:Communist Party of Kurdistan
6807:Civil Protection Units-Women
6601:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
6545:Kurdistan Conservative Party
5367:. BrightWire. Archived from
5079:King, Marcus (22 May 2018).
4906:Yeldar Barış Kalkan (2006).
4703:Peyrouse, Sebastien (2015).
4626:Kim Sengupta (12 May 2015).
3873:10.1080/00263206.2014.886569
3853:Özkan, Behlül (4 May 2014).
2474:excess of 2,800 km (100
2382:in Syria, while filling the
2256:
1863:encompasses a large area of
1795:
1661:(AKP), made comments to the
1643:2014 Northern Iraq offensive
1481:2014 Northern Iraq offensive
1434:inhabited areas of southern
1070:and which controlled all of
558:, whose capital is Senna or
402:was the first time that the
7:
6874:Kurdistan Communities Union
6862:Freedom and Democracy Party
6335:Yezidi National Union (ULE)
5393:. Oxford University Press.
4431:Khalidi, Ari (1 May 2017).
3459:(copy at Project Gutenberg)
3193:10.1163/22138617-0570910007
2909:"Kurdish People Fast Facts"
2733:
2649:in northern Iraqi Kurdistan
1712:According to 2016 estimate
1159:is found in a 12th-century
1094:(990–1096) to the south of
779:empires. Corduene became a
295:chronicles. Many disparate
208:, is a roughly defined geo-
179:
10:
7122:
6886:Islamic Party of Kurdistan
6880:Kurdistan Islamic Movement
6868:Freedom and Equality Party
6550:Kurdistan Democratic Party
6535:Kurdish Tribal Association
6529:Kurdistan Islamic Movement
6380:Kurdistan Democratic Party
5888:Central and Eastern Europe
5378:
4682:Kurdish Institute of Paris
4314:. Routledge. p. 130.
2615:
2539:(which is used to produce
2207:Euphrates softshell turtle
1959:and countryside is mostly
1906:
1714:Kurdish Institute of Paris
1704:
1674:
1495:
985:
697:'s Empire, 4th century BCE
655:
644:
640:
21:Kurdistan (disambiguation)
18:
6964:
6934:Rights and Freedoms Party
6904:Peoples' Democratic Party
6898:Peace and Democracy Party
6838:Democratic People's Party
6816:
6758:
6749:
6714:Kurdish Supreme Committee
6700:
6680:People's Protection Units
6667:
6658:
6624:
6488:
6445:
6436:
6411:
6392:Kurdistan Free Life Party
6356:
6347:
6327:
6318:
6250:Border changes since 1914
6242:
6216:
6132:
6109:
6046:
5962:
5887:
5814:
5778:
5686:
5660:
5595:
5564:
4921:Dursun Gümüşoğlu (2008).
3964:. Routledge. p. 92.
3537:The Columbia Encyclopedia
2992:Zaken, Mordechai (2007).
2720:A picture of the city of
1700:
1556:, which was placed under
1554:state of emergency region
1386:Treaty of Lausanne (1923)
1198:documents in 1336 and in
799:in south-eastern Turkey.
744:rule during the reign of
621:;..., to the east of the
350:Etymology and delineation
151:
144:
134:
127:
104:
68:
52:
30:
6910:People's Democracy Party
6850:Democratic Regions Party
6844:Democratic Society Party
6766:Kurdistan Workers' Party
6708:Kurdish National Council
6686:Women's Protection Units
6641:Kurdish Democratic Party
6595:Kurdistan Toilers' Party
6458:Êzîdxan Protection Force
5925:unification with Moldova
5608:Turks and Caicos Islands
5482:Interviews and Speeches
5448:Beşikçi, İsmail (2015).
4677:"The Kurdish population"
4578:. UNHCR. 20 August 2013.
4281:Ibrahim, Ferhad (2000).
4141:The Dynamic of Secession
3737:, Erevan, 1988. (p. 307)
3692:18 November 2005 at the
3577:, 2006, pp. 26, 52, 108.
3355:Kaya, Zeynep N. (2020).
2561:
2450:province, also known as
2171:Indian crested porcupine
1627: Controlled by the
1562:Kurdistan Workers' Party
1305:, Derne, Derteng, until
1190:A later use of the term
1086:(990–1116) (centered in
1066:(955–1221) (centered on
740:. The region came under
362:are unclear. The suffix
6789:Kurdistan Freedom Hawks
6777:People's Defence Forces
6607:Service and Reform List
6573:New Generation Movement
6567:Kurdistan Islamic Union
6523:Kurdistan Islamic Group
6464:Sinjar Resistance Units
6386:Kurdistan Freedom Party
5975:unification with Kosovo
5350:12 October 2007 at the
4941:Encyclopædia Britannica
4807:Bassem, Wassim (2016).
4399:", BBC News, 8 May 2007
4153:Çelik, Yasemin (1999).
3074:Oxford University Press
2510:Gulf Keystone Petroleum
1865:Eastern Anatolia Region
1814:Encyclopædia Britannica
1695:Iraq's Kurdistan region
1460:At the end of the 1991
1454:University of Cambridge
970:chronicle, writings of
6801:Civil Protection Units
6759:Militant organizations
6668:Militant organizations
6446:Militant organizations
6357:Militant organizations
6184:Greater Germanic Reich
5982:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5408:Triana, María (2017).
4819:on 12 September 2021.
4348:Olson, Robert (1996).
4308:Gunes, Cengiz (2013).
3860:Middle Eastern Studies
3815:Özoğlu, Hakan (2004).
3790:Özoğlu, Hakan (2004).
3539:, Sixth Edition, 2001.
3302:Encyclopaedia of Islam
3164:. BBC. 16 August 2012.
2877:Encyclopaedia of Islam
2052:Paliurus spina-christi
2028:Juniperus foetidissima
2016:Cupressus sempervirens
1898:
1891:
1855:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1808:
1748:share close ties with
1633:
1599:Military situation on
1530:in 1927, and the 1937
1514:
1502:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
1411:
1238:
1224:
1090:) and in the west the
1044:Kurdish principalities
1039:
1021:
1004:Marwanids (Diyar Bakr)
982:Post-classical history
942:is also identified as
895:Christian document of
840:Zabdicene or Bezabde (
819:Corduene or Gordyene (
635:
538:..., the districts of
451:, in the districts of
416:Encyclopaedia of Islam
336:self-governing regions
193:[ˌkʊɾdɪˈstɑːn]
6470:Êzîdxan Women's Units
6312:Kurdish organisations
6172:Annexation of Austria
4229:Aslan, Senem (2014).
4183:Baser, Bahar (2015).
3958:Tejel, Jordi (2008).
3667:. Mazdapublishers.com
3051:(north, Turkey), and
3033:Bengio, Ofra (2014).
2977:Kaya, Zeynep (2020).
2394:Kurdistan extends to
2209:. Birds include, the
1893:
1889:
1869:southeastern Anatolia
1803:
1598:
1547:military coup of 1980
1524:Sheikh Said rebellion
1509:
1422:to the shores of the
1406:
1230:
1214:
1119:Sharaf al-Din Bitlisi
1027:
1011:
809:Columbia Encyclopedia
566:; in the province of
556:province of Kurdistan
421:
6984:Kingdom of Kurdistan
6922:People's Labor Party
6424:Kurdish United Front
5832:annexation of Taiwan
5523:at Wikimedia Commons
5414:Taylor & Francis
4463:www.duvarenglish.com
4410:"Bloomberg Business"
3704:Matt'eos Urhayec'i,
3123:in Olivier Roy, ed.
2346:, Tharthar, Ceyhan,
2008:Quercus ithaburensis
1618: Controlled by
1609: Controlled by
1539:deny their existence
1117:, written by Prince
1050:(951–1174) (in east
1035:Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
647:History of the Kurds
305:Kingdom of Kurdistan
19:For other uses, see
7101:Kurdish irredentism
6999:Republic of Mahabad
6979:Kurdish nationalism
5371:on 18 January 2013.
5236:"Exxon's Kurdistan"
5224:on 9 November 2013.
5212:"westernzagros.com"
5066:The Huffington Post
4437:www.kurdistan24.net
4139:Bartkus, Viva Ona,
4034:on 21 January 2013.
3453:Rawlinson, George,
2967:, December 25, 2018
2842:Library of Congress
2838:"The Kurdish lands"
2781:Mountains of Ararat
2251:collared pratincole
2195:long-eared hedgehog
2191:Persian fallow deer
2088:Cercis siliquastrum
2036:Juniperus oxycedrus
2020:Platanus orientalis
2012:Quercus macranthera
1996:Quercus calliprinos
1913:continental climate
1430:, and included the
1322:Battle of Chaldiran
1196:Empire of Trebizond
1187:, written in 1200.
1163:historical text by
1074:), in the east the
695:Alexander the Great
408:administrative unit
398:. The 19th-century
317:Republic of Mahabad
281:Kurdish nationalist
7091:Historical regions
6994:Republic of Ararat
6989:Kurdistansky Uyezd
6783:Free Women's Units
6480:Fayli Kurd Brigade
5716:Western Azerbaijan
5650:Dominican Republic
5326:on 9 November 2013
5294:on 12 October 2007
4742:The New York Times
4733:The New York Times
4519:Middle East Report
4420:on 29 August 2014.
4219:, 17 February 2008
3939:. Akakurdistan.com
3733:A.S. Mat'evosyan,
3606:Parole de l'Orient
3416:1 May 2008 at the
3298:"Kurds, Kurdistān"
2873:"Kurds, Kurdistān"
2761:Armenian highlands
2675:city of Piranshahr
2581:. You can help by
2461:In November 2011,
2231:spotted flycatcher
2106:and would feature
2076:Crataegus azarolus
2072:Crataegus monogyna
2064:Populus euphratica
2048:Fraxinus excelsior
2004:Quercus infectoria
1892:
1809:
1634:
1574:summary executions
1528:Republic of Ararat
1515:
1492:Northern Kurdistan
1412:
1239:
1231:1803 map from the
1225:
1217:Colonial Secretary
1206:Hamdallah Mustawfi
1141:in the north, and
1040:
1030:Mahmud al-Kashgari
1022:
972:Michael the Syrian
966:sources appear in
932:land of the Kurds.
328:Kurdistan Province
313:Republic of Ararat
309:Kurdistansky Uyezd
257:Southern Kurdistan
249:Northern Kurdistan
7022:
7021:
6960:
6959:
6818:Political parties
6772:Kurdish Hizbollah
6745:
6744:
6701:Political parties
6654:
6653:
6634:Political parties
6620:
6619:
6489:Political parties
6432:
6431:
6412:Political parties
6343:
6342:
6328:Political parties
6278:
6277:
6245:Related concepts:
5517:Media related to
5463:978-1-909382-20-6
5454:Gomidas Institute
5423:978-1-317-42368-3
5144:. 11 October 2018
5068:. 7 October 2013.
4869:978-0-7486-8611-7
4844:978-1-108-01335-2
4718:978-0-230-11552-1
4652:. 26 January 2017
4615:. 20 August 2013.
4367:978-0-8131-0896-4
4321:978-1-136-58798-6
4294:978-3-8258-4744-9
4242:978-1-107-05460-8
4209:Toumani, Meline.
4196:978-1-4724-2562-1
4166:978-0-275-96590-7
4112:Joost Jongerden,
3911:978-88-88906-82-9
3826:978-0-7914-5993-5
3801:978-0-7914-5993-5
3765:978-605-4567-52-2
3709:Ժամանակագրություն
3637:Maria T. O'Shea,
3594:, 1989, page 337.
3592:978-1-904597-76-6
3039:Hence the terms:
2766:Assyrian homeland
2744:by David McDowall
2726:Western Kurdistan
2599:
2598:
2419:near the city of
2155:Syrian brown bear
2080:Prunus cerasifera
2032:Juniperus excelsa
1947:receiving annual
1861:Turkish Kurdistan
1829:(Wan) in Turkey,
1811:According to the
1537:In an attempt to
1520:Koçgiri rebellion
1221:Winston Churchill
1105:Kurdistan in the
944:land of the Kurds
926:, and settled in
889:land of the Kurds
589:, peopled by the
534:, to the east of
457:Turkish Kurdistan
377:
315:(1927–1930), and
273:Western Kurdistan
265:Eastern Kurdistan
240:mountain ranges.
230:national identity
206:Greater Kurdistan
189:
177:
161:
160:
105:Integrated parts
7113:
7086:Cultural regions
7063:
7062:
7061:
7051:
7050:
7049:
7039:
7038:
7030:
7004:Kurdistan Region
6856:Free Cause Party
6756:
6755:
6665:
6664:
6631:
6630:
6475:Asayîşa Êzîdxanê
6443:
6442:
6354:
6353:
6325:
6324:
6305:
6298:
6291:
6282:
6281:
6229:Papua New Guinea
5551:
5544:
5537:
5528:
5527:
5516:
5478:Öcalan, Abdullah
5467:
5427:
5404:
5373:
5372:
5361:
5355:
5342:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5325:
5318:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5262:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5246:on 17 April 2012
5232:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5217:. Archived from
5216:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5190:"Economy: Water"
5186:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5175:
5170:. 11 August 2020
5160:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5134:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5076:
5070:
5069:
5058:
5052:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5027:
5012:
5006:
4997:
4991:
4988:
4982:
4979:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4950:
4944:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4903:
4897:
4894:
4888:
4887:
4884:Çerkes fıkraları
4880:
4874:
4873:
4855:
4849:
4848:
4831:
4825:
4824:
4815:. Archived from
4804:
4798:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4729:
4723:
4722:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4673:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4572:
4566:
4541:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4416:. Archived from
4406:
4400:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4381:Shaker, Nadeen.
4378:
4372:
4371:
4355:
4345:
4339:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4278:
4272:
4266:
4260:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4226:
4220:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4180:
4171:
4170:
4150:
4144:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4123:
4117:
4110:
4104:
4097:
4091:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4066:
4057:
4056:
4045:
4036:
4035:
4030:. Archived from
4020:
4014:
4013:
4001:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3933:
3927:
3920:
3914:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3850:
3844:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3787:
3781:
3774:
3768:
3757:
3751:
3744:
3738:
3731:
3725:
3718:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3696:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3661:
3655:
3650:I. Gershevitch,
3648:
3642:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3601:
3595:
3584:
3578:
3559:
3553:
3546:
3540:
3530:
3524:
3519:I. Gershevitch,
3517:
3511:
3501:
3495:
3485:
3479:
3476:
3470:
3467:
3461:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3426:
3420:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3352:
3343:
3342:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3266:
3260:
3253:
3244:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3222:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3128:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3104:
3100:
3098:
3090:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3030:
3024:
3017:
3011:
3010:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2974:
2968:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2868:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2813:
2791:Zagros Mountains
2717:
2702:
2686:
2670:
2658:
2642:
2626:
2594:
2591:
2573:
2566:
2480:
2479:
2440:
2439:
2432:Kurdistan Region
2376:Syrian civil war
2301:, Shaho, Gabar,
2253:, among others.
2179:goitered gazelle
1671:Syrian Civil War
1631:(ISIL, ISIS, IS)
1626:
1617:
1608:
1602:
1532:Dersim rebellion
1474:Kurdistan Region
1409:Treaty of Sèvres
1374:Treaty of Sèvres
1247:Strait of Hormuz
1165:Matteos Urhayeci
1062:rivers) and the
706:
690:
593:; the liwaʾs of
400:Kurdistan Eyalet
373:
332:Syrian Civil War
324:Kurdistan Region
267:), and northern
259:), northwestern
236:and the eastern
203:
202:
201:
195:
184:
182:
176:romanized:
175:
173:
123:
57:
47:
39:
38:
28:
27:
7121:
7120:
7116:
7115:
7114:
7112:
7111:
7110:
7071:
7070:
7069:
7059:
7057:
7047:
7045:
7033:
7025:
7023:
7018:
6956:
6832:Democracy Party
6812:
6741:
6696:
6650:
6616:
6484:
6428:
6407:
6339:
6314:
6309:
6279:
6274:
6238:
6212:
6128:
6110:Northern Europe
6105:
6079:Italian Grisons
6042:
6009:North Macedonia
5963:Southern Europe
5958:
5883:
5810:
5774:
5682:
5656:
5591:
5560:
5555:
5509:
5470:King, Diane E.
5464:
5438:Beşikçi, İsmail
5434:
5432:Further reading
5424:
5401:
5381:
5376:
5363:
5362:
5358:
5352:Wayback Machine
5343:
5339:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5316:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5297:
5295:
5286:
5285:
5281:
5271:
5269:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5249:
5247:
5234:
5233:
5229:
5221:
5214:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5195:
5193:
5188:
5187:
5183:
5173:
5171:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5147:
5145:
5136:
5135:
5126:
5116:
5114:
5103:
5099:
5089:
5087:
5077:
5073:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5039:
5035:
5025:
5023:
5014:
5013:
5009:
4998:
4994:
4989:
4985:
4980:
4973:
4963:
4961:
4951:
4947:
4934:
4930:
4919:
4915:
4904:
4900:
4895:
4891:
4882:
4881:
4877:
4870:
4856:
4852:
4845:
4833:
4832:
4828:
4805:
4801:
4793:
4789:
4766:
4762:
4752:
4750:
4730:
4726:
4719:
4701:
4697:
4687:
4685:
4675:
4674:
4665:
4655:
4653:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4632:The Independent
4624:
4620:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4587:
4583:
4574:
4573:
4569:
4542:
4538:
4528:
4526:
4510:
4506:
4496:
4494:
4483:
4482:
4478:
4468:
4466:
4455:
4451:
4441:
4439:
4429:
4425:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4394:
4390:
4379:
4375:
4368:
4346:
4342:
4333:
4329:
4322:
4306:
4302:
4295:
4279:
4275:
4267:
4263:
4254:
4250:
4243:
4227:
4223:
4208:
4204:
4197:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4151:
4147:
4138:
4134:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4111:
4107:
4098:
4094:
4085:
4081:
4076:. 28 June 2014.
4068:
4067:
4060:
4055:. 27 June 2014.
4047:
4046:
4039:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4010:
3999:10.1.1.465.8736
3986:
3982:
3972:
3956:
3952:
3942:
3940:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3921:
3917:
3900:
3896:
3851:
3847:
3838:
3834:
3827:
3813:
3809:
3802:
3788:
3784:
3775:
3771:
3758:
3754:
3745:
3741:
3732:
3728:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3694:Wayback Machine
3684:
3680:
3670:
3668:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3649:
3645:
3636:
3632:
3621:
3617:
3602:
3598:
3585:
3581:
3560:
3556:
3547:
3543:
3531:
3527:
3518:
3514:
3502:
3498:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3452:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3418:Wayback Machine
3410:
3406:
3395:
3391:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3353:
3346:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3267:
3263:
3254:
3247:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3216:
3181:Oriente Moderno
3173:
3169:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3138:
3131:
3118:
3114:
3102:
3101:
3092:
3091:
3084:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3047:(south, Iraq),
3031:
3027:
3018:
3014:
3004:
2990:
2986:
2975:
2971:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2915:. 12 April 2023
2907:
2906:
2902:
2891:
2869:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2821:
2819:
2817:"Kurdish lands"
2815:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2736:
2729:
2718:
2709:
2705:Countryside in
2703:
2694:
2687:
2678:
2671:
2662:
2659:
2650:
2643:
2634:
2627:
2618:
2604:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2579:needs expansion
2564:
2498:Talisman Energy
2477:
2475:
2437:
2435:
2429:
2315:
2313:Water resources
2291:Mount Abdulaziz
2259:
2243:griffon vulture
2219:Eurasian magpie
2215:common starling
2110:plants such as
2092:pistachio trees
2000:Quercus brantii
1992:Fagus sylvatica
1941:
1939:Flora and fauna
1909:
1877:
1798:
1710:
1703:
1683:
1677:Rojava conflict
1673:
1664:Financial Times
1641:The successful
1639:
1637:Iraqi Kurdistan
1632:
1624:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1606:
1604:
1601:August 27, 2019
1582:the US invasion
1572:, and numerous
1511:Abdullah Öcalan
1504:
1496:Main articles:
1494:
1366:
1326:Treaty of Zuhab
1201:Nuzhat al-Qulub
1006:
986:Main articles:
984:
952:Yaqut al-Hamawi
946:. According to
891:is found in an
842:Gozarto d'Qardu
761:Seleucid Empire
755:The Kingdom of
746:Cyrus the Great
714:
713:
712:
711:
710:
707:
699:
698:
691:
680:
656:Main articles:
654:
652:Ancient history
649:
643:
532:West Azerbaijan
523:and Çölamerik (
449:region of Sivas
352:
346:after the war.
222:Kurdish culture
210:cultural region
197:
196:
154:
153:• Estimate
137:
106:
100:
64:
48:
41:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7119:
7109:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7068:
7067:
7055:
7043:
7020:
7019:
7017:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6965:
6962:
6961:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6948:
6942:
6937:
6931:
6925:
6919:
6913:
6907:
6901:
6895:
6889:
6883:
6877:
6871:
6865:
6859:
6853:
6847:
6841:
6835:
6829:
6822:
6820:
6814:
6813:
6811:
6810:
6804:
6798:
6792:
6786:
6780:
6774:
6769:
6762:
6760:
6753:
6747:
6746:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6739:
6733:
6728:
6722:
6716:
6711:
6704:
6702:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6689:
6683:
6677:
6671:
6669:
6662:
6656:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6643:
6637:
6635:
6628:
6622:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6598:
6592:
6586:
6581:
6579:Kurdistan List
6576:
6570:
6564:
6558:
6553:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6526:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6504:
6498:
6492:
6490:
6486:
6485:
6483:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6461:
6455:
6449:
6447:
6440:
6434:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6426:
6421:
6415:
6413:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6389:
6383:
6377:
6371:
6366:
6360:
6358:
6351:
6345:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6337:
6331:
6329:
6322:
6316:
6315:
6308:
6307:
6300:
6293:
6285:
6276:
6275:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6192:
6191:
6186:
6176:
6175:
6174:
6159:
6158:
6157:
6147:
6142:
6136:
6134:
6133:Western Europe
6130:
6129:
6127:
6126:
6125:
6124:
6113:
6111:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6050:
6048:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6040:
6035:
6034:
6033:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6011:
6006:
6005:
6004:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5945:
5944:
5939:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5900:Czechoslovakia
5897:
5891:
5889:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5824:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5772:
5767:
5766:
5765:
5760:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5719:
5718:
5708:
5703:
5702:
5701:
5690:
5688:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5664:
5662:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5561:
5554:
5553:
5546:
5539:
5531:
5525:
5524:
5508:
5507:External links
5505:
5504:
5503:
5487:Reed, Fred A.
5485:
5475:
5468:
5462:
5445:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5422:
5405:
5400:978-0199574834
5399:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5356:
5337:
5305:
5279:
5257:
5227:
5203:
5181:
5155:
5124:
5097:
5071:
5053:
5033:
5007:
4992:
4983:
4971:
4945:
4928:
4913:
4910:. p. 175.
4898:
4889:
4875:
4868:
4850:
4843:
4826:
4799:
4797:, p. 168.
4787:
4760:
4724:
4717:
4711:. p. 62.
4695:
4663:
4637:
4618:
4600:
4581:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4558:
4536:
4504:
4493:. October 2021
4476:
4449:
4423:
4401:
4388:
4373:
4366:
4340:
4327:
4320:
4300:
4293:
4273:
4261:
4248:
4241:
4221:
4216:New York Times
4211:Minority Rules
4202:
4195:
4172:
4165:
4145:
4132:
4118:
4105:
4092:
4079:
4058:
4037:
4015:
4008:
3980:
3970:
3950:
3928:
3915:
3894:
3845:
3832:
3825:
3807:
3800:
3782:
3769:
3752:
3739:
3726:
3713:
3697:
3678:
3656:
3643:
3630:
3615:
3596:
3579:
3563:The Legend of
3561:J. T. Walker,
3554:
3541:
3525:
3512:
3496:
3480:
3471:
3462:
3446:
3421:
3404:
3389:
3374:
3367:
3344:
3329:
3322:
3304:(2 ed.).
3288:
3281:
3261:
3245:
3232:
3223:
3214:
3167:
3153:
3144:
3129:
3112:
3103:|journal=
3082:
3072:(1 ed.).
3059:
3055:(west, Syria).
3043:(east, Iran),
3025:
3019:M. T. O'Shea,
3012:
3002:
2984:
2969:
2951:
2926:
2900:
2889:
2879:(2 ed.).
2854:
2829:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2745:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2719:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2697:
2695:
2691:city of Batman
2688:
2681:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2653:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2576:
2574:
2563:
2560:
2428:
2425:
2314:
2311:
2299:Jabal al-Akrad
2295:Kurd Mountains
2258:
2255:
2223:European robin
2183:Eurasian otter
2136:chenopodiaceae
2132:white wormwood
2040:Prunus cerasus
1988:Abies cilicica
1940:
1937:
1908:
1905:
1876:
1873:
1797:
1794:
1750:Turkish people
1746:Syrian Turkmen
1702:
1699:
1672:
1669:
1638:
1635:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1590:Ismail Besikci
1543:Mountain Turks
1493:
1490:
1468:established a
1441:The historian
1365:
1364:Modern history
1362:
983:
980:
897:late antiquity
885:
884:
877:
870:
860:
853:
838:
832:
804:T. A. Sinclair
785:Roman Republic
708:
701:
700:
692:
685:
684:
683:
682:
681:
653:
650:
645:Main article:
642:
639:
536:Lake Rida'iyya
404:Ottoman Empire
351:
348:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
125:
124:
102:
101:
99:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
72:
70:
69:Main languages
66:
65:
58:
50:
49:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7118:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7078:
7076:
7066:
7056:
7054:
7044:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7031:
7028:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6966:
6963:
6952:
6949:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6935:
6932:
6929:
6926:
6923:
6920:
6917:
6914:
6911:
6908:
6905:
6902:
6899:
6896:
6893:
6890:
6887:
6884:
6881:
6878:
6875:
6872:
6869:
6866:
6863:
6860:
6857:
6854:
6851:
6848:
6845:
6842:
6839:
6836:
6833:
6830:
6827:
6824:
6823:
6821:
6819:
6815:
6808:
6805:
6802:
6799:
6796:
6793:
6790:
6787:
6784:
6781:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6767:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6748:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6726:
6723:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6703:
6699:
6693:
6692:Kurdish Front
6690:
6687:
6684:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6657:
6647:
6646:Razkari Party
6644:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6623:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6602:
6599:
6596:
6593:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6574:
6571:
6568:
6565:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6530:
6527:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6508:
6505:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6487:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6465:
6462:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6435:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6410:
6404:
6403:Sipay Rizgari
6401:
6399:
6396:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6381:
6378:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6369:Komalah (CPI)
6367:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6346:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6317:
6313:
6306:
6301:
6299:
6294:
6292:
6287:
6286:
6283:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6267:
6263:
6259:
6258:Reunification
6255:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6215:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6180:
6179:Pan-Germanism
6177:
6173:
6170:
6169:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6160:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6131:
6123:
6120:
6119:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6108:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6045:
6039:
6036:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6027:
6024:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5933:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5886:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5813:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5779:Southern Asia
5777:
5771:
5768:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5685:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5661:South America
5659:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5626:
5625:United States
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5596:North America
5594:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5552:
5547:
5545:
5540:
5538:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5522:
5521:
5515:
5511:
5510:
5502:
5501:0-88922-426-9
5498:
5494:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5446:
5443:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5425:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5406:
5402:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5383:
5382:
5370:
5366:
5360:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5341:
5322:
5315:
5309:
5293:
5289:
5283:
5267:
5261:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5231:
5220:
5213:
5207:
5191:
5185:
5169:
5165:
5159:
5143:
5139:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5112:
5108:
5101:
5086:
5082:
5075:
5067:
5063:
5057:
5051:
5050:0-19-508075-0
5047:
5043:
5037:
5022:on 9 May 2010
5021:
5017:
5011:
5004:
5003:
4996:
4987:
4978:
4976:
4960:
4956:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4924:
4917:
4909:
4902:
4893:
4885:
4879:
4871:
4865:
4861:
4854:
4846:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4823:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4803:
4796:
4791:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4764:
4748:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4734:
4728:
4720:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4699:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4633:
4629:
4622:
4614:
4610:
4604:
4596:
4592:
4585:
4577:
4571:
4562:
4561:ITNsource.com
4559:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4540:
4525:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4508:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4480:
4464:
4460:
4453:
4438:
4434:
4427:
4419:
4415:
4414:Bloomberg.com
4411:
4405:
4398:
4392:
4384:
4377:
4369:
4363:
4359:
4354:
4353:
4344:
4337:
4331:
4323:
4317:
4313:
4312:
4304:
4296:
4290:
4286:
4285:
4277:
4270:
4265:
4258:
4252:
4244:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4225:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4198:
4192:
4188:
4187:
4179:
4177:
4168:
4162:
4158:
4157:
4149:
4142:
4136:
4128:
4122:
4115:
4109:
4102:
4099:G. Chaliand,
4096:
4089:
4086:M.M. Gunter,
4083:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4063:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4042:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4019:
4011:
4009:0-415-30278-1
4005:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3973:
3971:9780415613460
3967:
3963:
3962:
3954:
3938:
3932:
3925:
3919:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3898:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3836:
3828:
3822:
3818:
3811:
3803:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3776:G. Asatrian,
3773:
3766:
3762:
3756:
3749:
3746:G. Asatrian,
3743:
3736:
3730:
3723:
3720:G. Asatrian,
3717:
3710:
3706:(in Armenian)
3701:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3682:
3666:
3660:
3653:
3647:
3640:
3634:
3626:
3619:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3576:
3575:0-520-24578-4
3572:
3568:
3566:
3558:
3551:
3545:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3522:
3516:
3509:
3506:
3500:
3493:
3490:
3487:Mark Marciak
3484:
3475:
3466:
3460:
3456:
3450:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3400:
3393:
3385:
3378:
3370:
3368:9781108474696
3364:
3360:
3359:
3351:
3349:
3340:
3333:
3325:
3323:9789004161214
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3292:
3284:
3282:9781107181236
3278:
3274:
3273:
3265:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3242:
3236:
3227:
3218:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3187:(9/10): 445.
3186:
3182:
3178:
3171:
3163:
3157:
3148:
3141:
3140:Mitchell 2010
3136:
3134:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3108:
3096:
3089:
3085:
3083:9780199546091
3079:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3016:
3009:
3005:
3003:9789004161900
2999:
2995:
2988:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2897:
2892:
2890:9789004161214
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2818:
2812:
2808:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2711:
2708:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2669:
2664:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2620:
2619:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2593:
2584:
2580:
2577:This section
2575:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2433:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2407:, as well as
2406:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2340:Little Khabur
2337:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2187:striped hyena
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2167:golden jackal
2164:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2100:Sorbus graeca
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2068:Populus nigra
2065:
2061:
2057:
2056:Olea europaea
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1949:precipitation
1946:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1841:(Kirmanşan),
1840:
1837:in Iraq, and
1836:
1833:(Hewlêr) and
1832:
1828:
1825:(Bedlîs) and
1824:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1807:
1802:
1793:
1791:
1790:Kurdification
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1689:has issued a
1688:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1655:Hüseyin Çelik
1652:
1648:
1644:
1630:
1621:
1612:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1566:guerrilla war
1563:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1513:pictured 1997
1512:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1382:Kemal Atatürk
1379:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1263:Evliya Çelebi
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1204:, written by
1203:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1150:
1149:in the east.
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1098:and north of
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:Transcaucasia
1049:
1045:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1028:The map from
1026:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
958:and south of
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
918:a village in
917:
913:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
882:
878:
875:
872:Nephercerta (
871:
868:
864:
861:
858:
854:
851:
847:
843:
839:
836:
833:
830:
826:
822:
818:
817:
816:
813:
811:
810:
805:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
783:state of the
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
705:
696:
689:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
662:Gutian people
659:
648:
638:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
572:Qasr-e Shirin
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
420:
418:
417:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
396:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
371:
367:
366:
361:
357:
347:
345:
344:federal Syria
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
307:(1921–1924),
306:
303:(1918–1919),
302:
301:Kurdish state
298:
294:
289:
286:
282:
278:
277:Transcaucasia
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
200:
194:
187:
181:
169:
165:
157:25-30 million
156:
150:
147:
143:
139:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
103:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
73:
71:
67:
62:
56:
51:
45:
29:
26:
22:
6968:
6254:Partitionism
6248:
6247:
6244:
5801:Pashtunistan
5727:
5687:Western Asia
5620:Saint Martin
5587:South Africa
5519:
5492:
5488:
5481:
5471:
5449:
5441:
5409:
5390:
5369:the original
5359:
5340:
5328:. Retrieved
5321:the original
5308:
5296:. Retrieved
5292:the original
5282:
5270:. Retrieved
5260:
5248:. Retrieved
5244:the original
5239:
5230:
5219:the original
5206:
5194:. Retrieved
5184:
5172:. Retrieved
5168:Syria Direct
5167:
5158:
5146:. Retrieved
5141:
5115:. Retrieved
5110:
5100:
5088:. Retrieved
5084:
5074:
5065:
5056:
5041:
5036:
5024:. Retrieved
5020:the original
5010:
5000:
4995:
4986:
4962:. Retrieved
4958:
4948:
4939:
4931:
4922:
4916:
4907:
4901:
4892:
4883:
4878:
4859:
4853:
4834:
4829:
4820:
4817:the original
4802:
4790:
4773:
4769:
4763:
4751:. Retrieved
4740:
4727:
4704:
4698:
4686:. Retrieved
4680:
4656:26 September
4654:. Retrieved
4649:
4640:
4631:
4621:
4612:
4603:
4595:The Guardian
4594:
4584:
4570:
4539:
4527:. Retrieved
4517:
4507:
4495:. Retrieved
4488:
4479:
4467:. Retrieved
4465:(in Turkish)
4462:
4452:
4440:. Retrieved
4436:
4426:
4418:the original
4413:
4404:
4391:
4376:
4351:
4343:
4335:
4330:
4310:
4303:
4283:
4276:
4264:
4256:
4251:
4231:
4224:
4214:
4205:
4185:
4155:
4148:
4140:
4135:
4121:
4113:
4108:
4100:
4095:
4087:
4082:
4073:
4053:aucegypt.edu
4052:
4032:the original
4027:
4018:
3989:
3983:
3975:
3960:
3953:
3941:. Retrieved
3931:
3923:
3922:C. Dahlman,
3918:
3913:, pp. 45–61.
3902:
3897:
3864:
3858:
3848:
3840:
3835:
3816:
3810:
3791:
3785:
3777:
3772:
3755:
3747:
3742:
3734:
3729:
3721:
3716:
3708:
3700:
3681:
3669:. Retrieved
3659:
3651:
3646:
3638:
3633:
3624:
3618:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3582:
3562:
3557:
3549:
3544:
3536:
3528:
3520:
3515:
3504:
3499:
3488:
3483:
3474:
3465:
3454:
3449:
3437:. Retrieved
3433:
3424:
3407:
3398:
3392:
3383:
3377:
3357:
3338:
3332:
3301:
3291:
3271:
3264:
3256:
3240:
3235:
3226:
3217:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3156:
3147:
3124:
3115:
3087:
3068:
3062:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3020:
3015:
3007:
2993:
2987:
2978:
2972:
2962:
2954:
2942:. Retrieved
2938:
2929:
2917:. Retrieved
2912:
2903:
2894:
2876:
2845:. Retrieved
2841:
2832:
2820:. Retrieved
2811:
2739:
2707:Sulaymaniyah
2607:
2587:
2583:adding to it
2578:
2557:
2518:
2514:Marathon Oil
2502:Genel Energy
2481:
2472:
2460:
2446:
2441:
2430:
2421:Sulaymaniyah
2409:Zarivar Lake
2393:
2389:
2388:
2368:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2316:
2260:
2247:little crake
2239:saker falcon
2235:namaqua dove
2152:
2060:Ficus carica
2024:Pinus brutia
1985:
1945:cold climate
1942:
1910:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1880:
1878:
1859:
1835:Sulaymaniyah
1812:
1810:
1762:Central Asia
1758:Turkmenistan
1711:
1684:
1662:
1640:
1611:Syrian Kurds
1578:
1551:
1536:
1516:
1478:
1459:
1451:
1440:
1424:Persian Gulf
1413:
1367:
1311:
1251:Persian Gulf
1240:
1232:
1199:
1194:is found in
1191:
1189:
1176:
1156:
1151:
1114:
1104:
1076:Hasanwayhids
1054:between the
1041:
1033:
996:Hasanwayhids
976:Bar Hebraeus
948:Al-Muqaddasi
943:
940:Khabur River
931:
927:
915:
888:
886:
873:
845:
841:
837:(Diyarbakır)
814:
807:
803:
801:
793:Tigranocerta
754:
715:
636:
615:
603:Sulaymaniyah
576:
529:
491:, Karaköse (
422:
414:
412:
393:
389:
387:
378:
363:
359:
353:
321:
290:
285:nation state
251:), northern
242:
216:wherein the
205:
163:
162:
136:• Total
25:
6894:(KDP/Bakur)
6266:Revisionism
6208:Switzerland
6203:Netherlands
5864:Philippines
5763:Pan-Turkism
5558:Irredentism
5387:"Kurdistan"
5330:31 December
5272:31 December
5250:31 December
5196:14 December
5138:"The Water"
4795:Triana 2017
3671:10 December
3565:Mar Qardagh
3494:pp. 220-221
2935:"Kurdistan"
2919:24 December
2771:Irredentism
2633:, Kurdistan
2609:Azhdar Show
2386:in Turkey.
2384:Atatürk dam
2319:Middle East
2227:water pipit
2211:hooded crow
1981:olive trees
1925:dry summers
1786:Circassians
1734:Azerbaijani
1620:Iraqi Kurds
1558:martial law
1443:Jordi Tejel
1346:Sulaymanyah
1330:Ahmet Cevad
1234:Cedid Atlas
1107:Middle Ages
907:. When the
901:Middle East
846:Jazirat Ibn
96:Zaza–Gorani
7075:Categories
6858:(HÜDA PAR)
6785:(YJA-STAR)
6710:(KNC-ENKS)
6270:Rump state
6262:Revanchism
6189:Lebensraum
6038:Yugoslavia
5806:Tamil Nadu
5786:Bangladesh
5711:Azerbaijan
5572:Mauritania
5452:. London:
5174:5 November
5148:5 November
4813:Al-Monitor
4776:(2): 202.
4497:7 February
4469:7 February
3867:(3): 461.
3612:: 127–141.
3255:A.D. Lee,
2847:6 November
2822:6 November
2804:References
2796:Mount Judi
2645:Canyon in
2602:Television
2590:March 2023
2486:ExxonMobil
2468:West-Qurna
2448:Al-Hasakah
2417:Lake Dukan
2396:Lake Urmia
2380:Lake Assad
2362:, and the
2356:Little Zab
2271:Mount Judi
2144:palm trees
2112:palm trees
2044:Salix alba
1839:Kermanshah
1819:Diyarbakır
1728:(Syriac),
1675:See also:
1392:states of
1358:Diyarbakir
1243:Sharafnama
1115:Sharafnama
1096:Diyarbakır
1082:) and the
1072:Azerbaijan
1048:Shaddadids
1018:Ibn Hawqal
988:Shaddadids
956:Mount Judi
903:, such as
879:Artemita (
874:Miyafarkin
797:Diyarbakır
734:Lake Urmia
724:, Mannai (
568:Kermanshah
501:Diyarbakır
385:for land.
279:. Certain
146:Population
7106:West Asia
7081:Kurdistan
7065:Kurdistan
7053:Geography
6969:Kurdistan
6936:(HAK-PAR)
6809:(YPS-Jin)
6738:(TEV-DEM)
6453:Peshmerga
6224:Australia
5839:Indonesia
5728:Kurdistan
5668:Argentina
5635:Greenland
5520:Kurdistan
5268:. Reuters
4936:Kurdistan
4782:0066-8281
4709:Routledge
4529:9 January
4442:4 October
4385:. Muftah.
4028:ekurd.net
3994:CiteSeerX
3889:144455272
3881:0026-3206
3767:); p. 169
3548:J. Bell,
3430:"Mahabad"
3201:0030-5472
3105:ignored (
3095:cite book
3069:Kurdistan
2537:limestone
2360:Great Zab
2336:Euphrates
2257:Mountains
2163:gray wolf
2159:wild boar
2148:date palm
2120:date palm
2084:rose hips
1929:semi-arid
1921:livestock
1796:Geography
1778:Ossetians
1738:Christian
1564:(PKK). A
1466:Coalition
1291:Shahrizor
1192:Kurdistan
1177:Kurdistan
1157:Kurdistan
1092:Marwanids
1080:Khuzistan
1020:, 977 CE.
855:Basenia (
730:Armenians
726:Mannaeans
678:Armenians
666:Mannaeans
623:Euphrates
619:Kurd Dagh
517:Şanlıurfa
390:Curdistan
375:translit.
372:: ـستان,
226:languages
214:West Asia
180:Kurdistan
164:Kurdistan
32:Kurdistan
6155:Wallonia
6069:Dalmatia
5987:Bulgaria
5949:Slovenia
5869:Thailand
5859:Mongolia
5854:Malaysia
5822:Cambodia
5678:Colombia
5348:Archived
5026:7 August
4959:BBC News
4747:Archived
4735:(2015).
3690:Archived
3491:, 2017.
3457:, 1871.
3414:Archived
3209:25816505
3076:. 2014.
3041:rojhalat
2786:Thamanin
2734:See also
2647:Rawanduz
2631:Hawraman
2506:Hunt Oil
2411:west of
2205:and the
2124:fraxinus
1969:platanus
1965:conifers
1845:(Sine),
1843:Sanandaj
1821:(Amed),
1770:Ingushes
1766:Chechens
1730:Armenian
1726:Assyrian
1687:Al-Nusra
1462:Gulf War
1390:mandated
1283:Imaddiya
1208:in 1340.
1181:colophon
1161:Armenian
1143:Mukriyan
1135:Garmiyan
1111:emirates
1084:Annazids
1064:Rawadids
1000:Annazids
992:Rawadids
928:Tamanon,
909:Sasanian
893:Assyrian
773:Parthian
769:Anatolia
765:Lake Van
757:Corduene
750:Darius I
722:Hurrians
670:Corduene
658:Hurrians
627:Jarablus
607:Khanaqin
564:Hawraman
560:Sanandaj
497:Adıyaman
495:), then
461:Erzincan
441:Kağızman
395:Corduene
319:(1946).
172:کوردستان
37:کوردستان
7027:Portals
6912:(HADEP)
6864:(ÖZDEP)
6840:(DEHAP)
6797:(YDG-H)
6727:(KDP-S)
6626:Lebanon
6376:(KDP-I)
6320:Armenia
6217:Oceania
6198:Ireland
6167:Austria
6162:Germany
6145:Celtics
6140:Belgium
6122:Karelia
6117:Finland
6064:Corsica
6031:Galicia
5992:Croatia
5970:Albania
5954:Ukraine
5942:Ukraine
5920:Romania
5910:Moldova
5905:Hungary
5895:Belarus
5879:Vietnam
5706:Assyria
5699:Artsakh
5694:Armenia
5582:Somalia
5577:Morocco
5379:Sources
4753:3 March
4688:15 June
4650:Reuters
4522:(295).
2944:29 July
2616:Gallery
2494:Chevron
2413:Marivan
2287:Shingal
2265:by the
2175:red fox
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1935:zones.
1907:Climate
1851:Mahabad
1754:Turkmen
1722:Turkish
1645:by the
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1414:At the
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1012:Map of
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728:), and
674:Assyria
641:History
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5932:Russia
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6930:(PŞK)
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6918:(DEM)
6906:(HDP)
6900:(BDP)
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6882:(HİK)
6876:(KCK)
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6846:(DTP)
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6803:(YPS)
6791:(TAK)
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6682:(YPG)
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5317:(PDF)
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5215:(PDF)
4549:fatwa
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1127:Soran
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1014:Jibal
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7041:Asia
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5733:Iran
5645:Cuba
5497:ISBN
5458:ISBN
5418:ISBN
5395:ISBN
5332:2012
5300:2011
5274:2012
5252:2012
5198:2017
5176:2022
5150:2022
5119:2019
5092:2019
5046:ISBN
5028:2010
4966:2011
4864:ISBN
4839:ISBN
4778:ISSN
4755:2017
4713:ISBN
4690:2023
4658:2017
4531:2021
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3907:ISBN
3877:ISSN
3821:ISBN
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3761:ISBN
3673:2017
3610:XVII
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3441:2011
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2998:ISBN
2946:2010
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2896:km2.
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