Sikhs - Knowledge

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the early Gurus. Identifying the castes, a general profile of the Panth's leadership may be reconstructed with the help of the 11th var of Bhai Gurdas. In fact, 11 stanzas of this ballad (Var 11:18–28) exclusively provide lists of the actual names and places of prominent followers of Guru Arjan. The Khatri caste (e.g. Sehgal, Ohri, Uppal, Julka, Bhalla, Passi, Khullar, Vohra, Vij, Kapur, Chaddha, Behl, Kohli, Marwah, Mehra, Soni, Jhanjhi, Sodhi, Beri, Nanda, Wadhawan, Tulli, and Puri sub-castes) was particularly prominent among the trading communities, and this was the caste to which all the Gurus belonged. There were certainly some Brahmins (Tiwari Pandit, Wissa, Gopi, and Tulsia of Bhardwaj sub-caste, and Jagna Brahmin from Agra) among the Sikhs, and some outcastes – for instance, the name of Paira Chandal appears in the list of prominent Sikhs. There was a preponderance of Jats (e.g. Randhawa, Khehra, Dhillon, and Pannu sub-castes) among the cultivators, who were followed by members of the artisan castes, notably Tarkhans (

56: 2368:. Indian police responded to protestors with high-handed police methods creating state repression affecting a very large segment of Punjab's population. Police brutality resulted in retaliatory violence from a section of the Sikh population, widening the scope of the conflict by the use of violence of the state on its own people. A "state of chaos and repressive police methods" combined to create "a mood of overwhelming anger and resentment in the Sikh masses against the authorities". Leading to Sikh leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale gaining prominence and demands of independence gain currency, even amongst moderates and Sikh intellectuals. In 1982 and early 1983, extrajudicial killings by the police of orthodox Sikh youth in rural areas in Punjab provoked reprisals. Over 190 Sikhs had been killed in the first 19 months of the protest movement. 2575: 2114: 1293: 3700: 7796:(A former civil servant mentioned in his autobiography that weapon supplies had been sent from NWFP and money was supplied by Delhi-based politicians.) They had bands of stabbers and their auxiliaries, who covered the assailant, ambushed the victim and if necessary disposed of his body. These bands were subsidized monetarily by the Muslim League, and cash payments were made to individual assassins based on the numbers of Hindus and Sikhs killed. There were also regular patrolling parties in jeeps that went about sniping and picking off any stray Hindu or Sikh. ... Thousands of non-combatants including women and children were killed or injured by mobs, supported by the All India Muslim League. 1282: 2967: 4601: 3512: 3136: 4547: 4586: 4620: 4009: 2653:"Har, Har." All sins, misdeeds, and negativity shall be then erased. Then, at the rising of the sun, he is to sing Gurbani; whether sitting down or standing up, he is to meditate on the Lord's Name. One who meditates on my Lord, Har, Har, with every breath and every morsel of food and – that GurSikh becomes pleasing to the Guru's Mind. That person, unto whom my Lord and Master is kind and compassionate – upon that GurSikh, the Guru's Teachings are bestowed. Servant Nanak begs for the dust of the feet of that GurSikh, who himself chants the Naam, and inspires others to chant it. 1271: 1703: 3323: 518: 2757: 7511:), masons and goldsmiths. The name of a Muslim, Mian Jamal, figures prominently in the list of close associates (hazuri sikhs) of Guru Arjan. It should, however, be emphasized that Bhai Gurdas deals only with the more notable members of the Panth. These leaders will have had their own families, friends, and followers in large numbers from their particular areas, who collectively made up the general constituency of the Panth. On the one hand, there were rich merchants (like Seths and Sarrafs) in cities and towns and Chaudaris ( 2296:. The Guru Ram Das Serai and Shiromani Akali Dal offices were also raided, and batons used and tear gas and shells were fired to disperse the protestors gathered on the periphery of the temple, damaging the periphery and Sarovar, or pool, of the temple. The government stopped volunteers on the way to the Golden Temple, and troops were ordered to flag-march through the bazaars and streets surrounding the site. Over 200 protestors were killed, thousands arrested, and thousands, including women and children, were injured. 3281: 2008: 4566: 3574: 40: 2106: 1953: 1992: 3344: 2864: 13296: 2460: 2343:. The resolution included both religious and political issues. It asked for recognising Sikhism as a religion, it also demanded the devolution of power from the Central to state governments. The Anandpur Resolution was rejected by the government as a secessionist document. Thousands of people joined the movement, feeling that it represented a real solution to demands such as a larger share of water for irrigation and the return of Chandigarh to Punjab. 3365: 1227: 3533: 3554: 3386: 3470: 13288: 3407: 2019: 3491: 3428: 3302: 2437: 3692:

estimation research. The Sikh population has the lowest gender balance in India, with only 903 women per 1,000 men according to the 2011 Indian census. The estimated world's Sikh population was over 30 million in 2020, and it will reach 42 million by 2050. It is expected to increase up to 62 million by 2100, given that the anticipated growth rate of 1.7% per year and adding at least 400,000 followers annually.

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conferences in Lahore to condemn the Muslim League. Master Tara Singh, leader of the Akali Dal, declared that his party would fight Pakistan "tooth and nail". Not be outdone, other Sikh political organizations, rivals to the Akali Dal, namely the Central Khalsa Young Men Union and the moderate and loyalist Chief Khalsa Dewan, declared in equally strong language their unequivocal opposition to the Pakistan scheme.

3262: 3236: 1641: 3675: 2031: 7521:) in villages; on the other, there were labourers and slaves, with artisans and craftsmen, petty shopkeepers and peasants in between. Not surprisingly, in terms of the social background and the economic means of its members, the Panth was far from homogenous. Nevertheless, the cultural patterns of different sections of Puniabi society played a significant role in the evolution of the Sikh Panth. 564: 3863:(communal meal). Therefore, wherever they could mobilize resources, the Sikh Dalits of Punjab have tried to construct their own gurdwara and other local level institutions in order to attain a certain degree of cultural autonomy. In 1953, Sikh leader and activist Master Tara Singh succeeded in persuading the Indian government to include Sikh castes of the converted untouchables in the list of 2332:

The industrial development was not done at the same pace as agricultural development, the Indian government had been reluctant to set up heavy industries in Punjab due to its status as a high-risk border state with Pakistan. The rapid increase in the higher education opportunities without an adequate rise in the jobs resulted in the increase in the unemployment of educated youth.

410: 4089:" from the list of banned knives. The U.K. government passed an amendment by which Sikhs in the country would be allowed to carry kirpans and use them during religious and cultural functions. The bill was amended to ensure that it would not impact the right of the British Sikh community to possess and supply kirpans, or religious swords. Similarly, the 10056: 7772:

and heroes. Reactions to the Lahore Resolution were uniformly negative and Sikh leaders of all political persuasions made it clear that Pakistan would be "wholeheartedly resisted". The Shiromani Akali Dal, the party with a substantial following amongst the rural Sikhs, organized several well-attended

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Although the rate of Sikh migration from the Punjab has remained high, traditional patterns of Sikh migration favouring English-speaking countries (particularly the United Kingdom) have changed during the past decade due to stricter immigration laws. Moliner (2006) wrote that as a consequence of Sikh

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in India was first introduced in Punjab as part of a development program issued by international donor agencies and the Government of India. While, Green Revolution in Punjab had several positive impacts, the introduction of the mechanised agricultural techniques led to uneven distribution of wealth.

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in the world. Canada is the only country where Sikhs comprise more than 2.1% of the population. With 25-30 millions, Sikhs represent less than 0.3% of the total world population in 2021. Many countries, such as Canada and the United Kingdom, recognize Sikhs as a designated religion on their censuses,

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The 18-month long Air India inquiry, led by former Supreme Court justice John Major, pointed to Parmar as the chief terrorist behind the bombing. A separate inquiry, carried out by former Ontario NDP premier and Liberal MP Bob Rae, also fingered Parmar as the architect of the 1985 bombing that left

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Since the Sikh growth rate dropped from 1.7% (16.9% in 1991 to 2001 estimate) to 0.8% (8.4% in 2001–2011) in 2011 report, hence based on their growth rate, their population in India will increase 196,316 (0.8% based on 2011 figures) per year and will reach 36 million in 2050, it expected to reach 52

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As a religious minority, Sikhs have fought long and hard to get official status and to be counted in many countries across the world. Through the efforts of Sikh organisations and communities in their respective countries, there is now readily available population data on Sikhs as part of the census

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On the same dates, Muslim League-led mobs fell with determination and full preparations on the helpless Hindus and Sikhs scattered in the villages of Multan, Rawalpindi, Campbellpur, Jhelum and Sargodha. The murderous mobs were well supplied with arms, such as daggers, swords, spears, and firearms.

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In Nederland wonen zo'n 15.000 sikhs, die hier sinds de jaren zestig vanuit Afghanistan, Pakistan en India kwamen, op zoek naar werk of op de vlucht voor de Sovjets, de Taliban of de geradicaliseerde aanhangers van Indira Gandhi, nadat zij in 1984 door haar sikhlijfwacht was vermoord. Ons land telt

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The Punjab Suba experienced heavy government crackdown with the Congress Government arresting as many as 21,000 people. Attempted negotiations with Congress-led the agitation to be adjourned twice, though Jawaharlal Nehru continued to reject the demand. On 4 July 1955, government police forces, led

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No sooner was it made public than the Sikhs launched a virulent campaign against the Lahore Resolution. Pakistan was portrayed as a possible return to an unhappy past when Sikhs were persecuted and Muslims the persecutor. Public speeches by various Sikh political leaders on the subject of Pakistan

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The 11th var of Bhai Gurdas is extremely useful for assessing the social constituency of the early Panth. Apart from this, there is no other contemporary source which can be used to determine the actual numbers and proportions of various groups within the constitution of the Panth in the period of

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In the 1990s, the insurgency abated, and the movement failed to reach its objective due to multiple reasons including a heavy police crackdown on separatists, divisions among the Sikhs and loss of support from the Sikh population. However, various pro-Khalistan groups, both political and militant,

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One who calls themself a Sikh of the Guru, the True Guru, shall rise in the early morning hours and meditate on the Lord's Name. Upon arising early in the morning, he is to bathe and cleanse himself in the pool of nectar. Following the Instructions of the Guru, he is to chant the Name of the Lord,

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Although the art and culture of the Sikh diaspora have merged with that of other Indo-immigrant groups into categories like "British Asian", "Indo-Canadian" and "Desi-Culture", a minor cultural phenomenon that can be described as "political Sikh" has arisen. The art of diaspora Sikhs like Amarjeet

10057:"2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Religion (108), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey" 3691:

have the lowest adjusted growth rate of any major religious group in India, at 16.9 percent per decade (estimated from 1991 to 2001) and it has further declined to just 8.4 per cent in 2011 census report. Sikhs in the world have the lowest fertility rate of 1.6 children per women as per (2019–20)

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Following partition, the Government of India had begun to redraw states corresponding to demographic and linguistic boundaries. However, this was not effective in the northern part of the country, as the government reconsidered redrawing states in the north. While states across the country were

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rather than Punjabi as their primary language. The result was that Punjabi-speaking areas were left out of the new state and given to Haryana and Himachal Pradesh resulting in the state of Punjab to be roughly 35,000 square miles smaller than the Punjabi-speaking areas based on pre-1947 census

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Note: Official statistics do not count unregistered arrivals or those who have not completed the census or surveys. However, they do provide for a much more accurate depiction of Sikh communities as opposed to estimates from various Sikh organisations whose estimates can vary vastly with no

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is an Indian economist, academic, and politician who served as the 13th Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014. The first and only Sikh and non-Hindu in office, Singh was also the first prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to be re-elected after completing a full five-year term.

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The Sikh Confederacy was the catalyst for a uniquely Sikh form of expression, with Ranjit Singh commissioning forts, palaces, bungas (residential places), and colleges in a Sikh style. Sikh architecture is characterised by gilded fluted domes, cupolas, kiosks, stone lanterns, ornate

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The Sikh community grew rapidly in the sixteenth century. Nanak's earliest followers had been fellow Khatris engaged in petty trade, shopkeeping, or lower level civil service in the Lodi or Mughal bureaucracies. But as the movement grew, it experienced a significant influx of Jat

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are two forms of Punjabi folk dancing which have been adapted and pioneered by Sikhs. Punjabi Sikhs have championed these forms of expression worldwide, resulting in Sikh culture becoming linked to Bhangra (although "Bhangra is not a Sikh institution but a Punjabi one").

2145:. The distinct turban that differentiates a Sikh from other turban wearers is a relic of the rules of the British Indian Army. The British colonial rule saw the emergence of many reform movements in India, including Punjab, such as the formation of the First and Second 8802:

Ever since the separatist movement gathered force in the 1980s, Pakistan has sided with the Sikhs, the territorial ambitions of Khalistan have at times included Chandigarh, sections of the Indian Punjab, including whole North India and some parts of western states of

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According to Gallo (2013), by contrast, the Sikhs would number at least 100,000. Barbara Bertolani estimates in 2013 "My own data gathered within the Sikh community in Italy show Sikh people constituting about 70% of all the Indians present, i.e., at least 84,000

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It is estimated that there are around 220,000 Sikh migrants in Italy. The community, however, has been largely invisible to native Italians. The majority of Sikhs are dairy workers, living far from the cities, and settled mainly in the farms of north and central

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Sikhs (35,000), In recent years, the number of Indians (especially from Punjab/Haryana) has increased significantly owing to the easing of immigration norms by Portugal. However, since many of them do not have valid residency documents, official figures are not

2395:. This subsequently led to Gandhi's assassination by her Sikh bodyguards. Her assassination was followed by government-sponsored pogroms against Sikh communities across India and the killing of thousands of Sikhs throughout India. These events triggered an 5688:

estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012. Sikh organizations like the

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wrote that the green revolution made the "negative and destructive impacts of science (i.e. the green revolution) on nature and society" invisible, and was a catalyst for Punjabi Sikh and Hindu tensions despite a growth in material wealth.

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due to fear of persecution. Afghanistan was home to hundreds of thousands of Sikhs and Hindus as of the 1970s, but due to the wars in Afghanistan in the 2010s, the vast majority of Afghan Sikhs had migrated to India, Pakistan or the west.

2609:, and Raja Bhup Singh became a vassal of the Sikhs. With the Sikh kingdom of Lahore becoming the paramount power, some of the Pahari painters from Guler migrated to Lahore for the patronage of Maharaja Ranjeet Singh and his Sardars. 5257: 5845:

The total number of Indians in Italy has now crossed 200,000, making it the largest Indian diaspora in continental Europe and far greater than the 30,000 estimated in Spain. This Indian contingent is mainly made up of Punjabi Jat

2069:, including Christians, Muslims, and Hindus in positions of power. Its secular administration implemented military, economic, and governmental reforms. The empire is considered the zenith of political Sikhism, encompassing 2471:). Punjab has been called India's melting pot, due to the confluence of invading cultures from the rivers from which the region gets its name. Sikh culture is therefore a synthesis of cultures. Sikhism has forged a unique 4073:

The Sikh diaspora has been most successful in the UK, and UK Sikhs have the highest percentage of home ownership (82%) of any religious community. UK Sikhs are the second-wealthiest religious group in the UK (after the

2272:. Also, on 26 January 1950 Sikh representatives refused to sign the Indian constitution. As Sikhs were recognized as Hindus and Sikhs were not provided with scheduled castes concessions given to Hindu scheduled castes. 5697:

estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures; 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media. With 1% of

5680:, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion, indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population. The 3143:

Sikhs number about 26–30 million worldwide, of whom 24–28 million live in India, which thus represents around 90 percent of the total Sikh population. About 76 percent of all Indian Sikhs live in the northern

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The Malaysian Sikh community is the fourth largest ethnic group of Malaysian Indians. It is estimated that over 100,000 Sikhs reside in Malaysia. The Sikh population is the largest here among Southeast and East

4109:. Indian Sikhs are employed in agriculture to a lesser extent; India's 2001 census found 39 per cent of the working population of the Punjab employed in this sector. According to the Swedish political scientist 3682:

Johnson and Barrett (2004) estimate that the global Sikh population increases annually by 392,633 (1.7% per year, based on 2004 figures); this percentage includes births, deaths, and conversions. Primarily for

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Guru Nanak has mentioned in his first composition of Jap Ji Sahib, which is recited daily by all practicing Sikhs that all souls are to be treated with care and respect as Waheguru is the Giver of all souls.

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statistically valuable source. Thus, official statistics and census data is highly important and Sikh communities continue to push for census inclusion in many countries where they are still not counted.

4402:. The Indian government does not release religious or ethnic origins of a military personnel, but a 1991 report by Tim McGirk estimated that 20% of Indian Army officers were Sikhs. Together with the 7164: 9311: 4382:

was compelled by a court order to allow two Sikhs to wear the turban and grow beards. This was a milestone for religious freedom and in the prevention of employment discrimination against Sikhs.

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Reuters, The Sikh insurgency petered out in the 1990s. He told state leaders his country would not support anyone trying to reignite the movement for an independent Sikh homeland called Khalistan

2954:) to boost morale. Nagaras (usually two to three feet in diameter, although some were up to five feet in diameter) are played with two sticks. The beat of the large drums, and the raising of the 2299:

The Congress government agreed to the Punjab Suba in 1966 after protests and recommendation of the States Reorganisation Commission. The state of East Punjab was later split into the states of

6392: 2616:. The tenth Guru, Gobind Singh, left a deep impression on the followers of the new faith because of his courage and sacrifices. Hunting scenes and portraits are also common in Sikh painting. 9170: 11004: 7025: 5574:

Despite its relatively recent arrival in Chicago, Sikhism is the world's fifth-largest religion, with 25 to 30 million adherents around the globe and an estimated 500,000 in America today.

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migration to the UK becoming "virtually impossible since the late 1970s," migration patterns evolved to continental Europe. Italy is a rapidly growing destination for Sikh migration, with

1826:(particularly the Sehgal, Ohri, Uppal, Julka, Bhalla, Passi, Khullar, Vohra, Vij, Kapur, Chaddha, Behl, Kohli, Marwah, Mehra, Soni, Jhanjhi, Sodhi, Beri, Nanda, Wadhawan, Tulli, and Puri 10549: 10227: 4063:, marking the first recorded hate-crime in America motivated by 9/11. CNN would go on to suggest an increase in hate crimes against Sikh men in the US and the UK after the 9/11 attacks. 1819:

to form a picture of the caste-makeup of the early Sikh community. At the time of the writing the Vaar, the early Sikh community was composed of various castes and backgrounds, such as:

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to attract young people into militant groups. There have also been multiple claims that the movement is motivated and supported by the Pakistan's external intelligence agency, the ISI.

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to serve as a homeland for Sikhs. The territorial definition of the proposed country Khalistan consists of both the Punjab, India, along with Punjab, Pakistan, and includes parts of

6465: 5999: 2913:(Persian for "peacock") was designed by Guru Hargobind, who supposedly heard a peacock singing and wanted to create an instrument mimicking its sounds. The dilruba was designed by 2379:

June with protestors practising civil disobedience by refusing to pay land revenue, water or electricity bills, and blocking the flow of grain out of Punjab. Indian Prime minister

3148:, forming a majority of about 58 per cent of the state's population, roughly around 16 million. Substantial communities of Sikhs live in the Indian states or union territories of 2498:

persecution of the Sikhs during the 17th and 18th centuries, the latter were concerned with preserving their religion and gave little thought to art and culture. With the rise of

1744:. Throughout his life, Guru Nanak was a religious leader and social reformer. However, Sikh political history may be said to begin in 1606, with the death of the fifth Sikh guru, 4985: 3853:

Some Sikhs, especially those belonging to the landowning dominant castes, have not shed all their prejudices against the Dalits. While Dalits were allowed entry into the village

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Canada is home to the largest national Sikh proportion (2.1 percent of the total population) in the world. A substantial community of Sikhs exist in the western province of

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Sikhs, 25,000 (2020)....The "German Information Center for Sikh Religion, Sikh History, Culture and Science (DISR)" estimates the number of Sikhs in Germany at 18,000 for 2017

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In an attempt to foster Sikh leaders in the Western world, youth initiatives by a number of organisations exist. The Sikh Youth Alliance of North America sponsors an annual

3742:. The decadal growth of Sikhs is more in those countries as compared to the decadal growth of Sikh population in India, thus making them the fastest-growing religion there. 3594:

began in earnest during the second half of the 19th century, when the British completed their annexation of the Punjab, which led to Sikh migration throughout India and the

9520: 3187:, numbering nearly 300,000 persons and forming approximately 5.9 percent of the total population. This represents the third-largest Sikh proportion amongst all global 2848:: An iron blade in different sizes. In the UK, Sikhs can wear a small dagger, but in Punjab, they might wear a traditional curved sword from one to three feet in length. 10037: 9070: 7212: 6118: 6418: 10800: 10462: 9550: 9404:, Sikhism is the largest religion in Punjab and second in Chandigarh. These are the only two Indian states/UTs where Sikhism is one of the two most common religions. 2149:

in 1873 and 1879 respectively. The Sikh leaders of the Singh Sabha worked to offer a clear definition of Sikh identity and tried to purify Sikh belief and practice.

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is a symbol of chastity, and also a symbol of cleanliness. It is also historically appropriate in battle due to increased mobility and comfort when compared to a

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Such is the political, psychological and religious attachment of the Sikhs to that city that a Khalistan without Lahore would be like a Germany without Berlin.

3050:, where he began releasing stamps and currency of Khalistan. The inaction of the authorities in Amritsar and elsewhere was decried as a political stunt by the 2514:, there was a change in the landscape of art and culture in Punjab; Hindus and Sikhs could build decorated shrines without the fear of destruction or looting. 8365: 5787: 9467: 5917: 5138: 9586:"06326: Members of congregations in religious and philosophical communities outside the Church of Norway, by religion/philosophy 2006–2023. Statbank Norway" 7182: 4600: 2840:: An iron bracelet, a symbol of eternity, strength, and a constant reminder of the strength of will to keep hands away from any kind of unethical practices. 55: 10523: 9372: 6593: 6317: 5861: 9096: 10682:"The cause and effects of the Green Revolution in Punjab (India) – critical analysis of "The Violence of the Green Revolution" by Vandana Shiva (1991)" 9440:"Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts" 5516:

Sikhism is the fifth largest religion in the world, and, today, there are more than 30 million Sikhs worldwide and an estimated 500,000 Sikh Americans;

5088:"Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts" 8966: 6020: 5966: 5941: 8347: 6384: 2537:

the most obvious), and most Sikh artifacts—except for the relics of the Gurus—have a military theme. This theme is evident in the Sikh festivals of

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Van Dyke, Virginia (2009). "The Khalistan Movement in Punjab, India, and the Post-Militancy Era: Structural Change and New Political Compulsions".

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Ashwini Kumar, forced entry into the Golden Temple premises and heavy-handedly arrested protestors and took them into custody, along with the head

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Founded some 500 years ago in the Punjab region of India, the faith has some 30 million adherents, making it the fifth largest religion worldwide.

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Miri Indian Association president, Councillor Karambir Singh was quoted as saying by the Borneo Post. Malaysia has nearly 100,000 Sikh population

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The vegan diet, the cult, the traditions. Customs and symbols of the 150,000 faithful of the religion born in India who now live in the Bel Paese

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Notwithstanding social, linguistic, and religious diversity, the Jats are one of the major landowning agriculturalist communities in South Asia.

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Along with Guru Nanak, other Sikh gurus had also denounced the hierarchy of the caste system, however, they all belonged to the same caste, the

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against the government of India. Indian security forces suppressed the insurgency in the early 1990s, but Sikh political groups such as the

2479:'s creative mysticism" and "is a mute harbinger of holistic humanism based on pragmatic spirituality". The American non-profit organization 9143: 5702:

being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000–500,000 in 2021.

5156: 371: 7106: 6132: 5763: 4454:, and 1,596 other awards. The highest-ranking general in the history of the Indian Air Force is a Punjabi Sikh, Marshal of the Air Force 2612:

The Sikh school adapted Kangra painting to Sikh needs and ideals. Its main subjects are the ten Sikh gurus and stories from Guru Nanak's

2037:(1841–1913), a senior British administrator who was posted to India during the British rule of Punjab, converted to Sikhism in the 1860s. 5739: 4973:

In the early 21st century there were nearly 25 million Sikhs worldwide, the great majority of them living in the Indian state of Punjab.

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The Sikh Diaspora: Tradition and Change in an Immigrant Community (Asian Americans – Reconceptualising Culture, History, Politics)

5715: 2636:. The Nanak Math shrine at Balaju is managed by the Guru-Ji and the Udasin Akardha, a sect developed by Guru Nanak's son, Sri Chandra. 10099: 5528: 12491: 11034: 10616: 8992: 1257: 10402: 10113: 3610:

in 1972. Economics is a major factor in Sikh migration, and significant communities exist in the United Kingdom, the United States,

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honoured Sikh Canadians with a commemorative stamp in conjunction with the anniversary. Likewise, on 9 April 1999, Indian president

1529:) as their last name. These unique last names were given by the Gurus to allow Sikhs to stand out and also as an act of defiance to 9978: 9884: 9743: 9492: 10912: 9018: 6933: 6335: 9528: 9414: 3981: 3868: 2252:

extensively redrawn on linguistic lines at the behest of linguistic groups, the only languages not considered for statehood were

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opposed "the demand that the Sikhs set aside the distinctive customs of their castes and families, including the older rituals."

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census as well, arguing that Sikhs "self-identify as an ethnic minority" and believe "that they are more than just a religion".

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Today, Italy has the largest Sikh population in Europe, only second to the United Kingdom, with an estimated number of 220,000

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Dutt, Amitava; Devgun, Surinder (23 September 1977). "Diffusion of Sikhism and recent migration patterns of Sikhs in India".

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Sikh art and culture are nearly synonymous with that of Punjab, and Sikhs are easily recognised by their distinctive turban (

1949:), some were labourers, others were enslaved, whilst others still were artisans, craftsmen, shopkeepers, or simple peasants. 1292: 7050: 6429: 4189:. In Singapore, Kartar Singh Thakral expanded his family's trading business, Thakral Holdings, into assets totalling almost 4121:

and Kamboj or Kamboh, whose courage, perseverance, spirit of enterprise and muscle prowess proved crucial." However, Indian

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After the annexation of the Sikh kingdom by the British, the British Army began recruiting significant numbers of Sikhs and

13323: 12896: 10576: 7165:"Sikhs to be counted as separate ethnic group in 2020 US Census; community hails recognition of distinct language, culture" 5286: 4459: 2189: 11060:

Fair, C. Christine (2005). "Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements".

10472: 9763:. Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS): Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Urbaine/CNRS. abstract. Archived from 12019: 11982: 10646: 10320: 5672:

does not ask about religion, 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the

5232: 4919:

There are nearly 30 million Sikhs around the world today, and a vast majority of them live in the Indian state of Punjab.

4110: 3699: 3169: 6305:

The Sikh community in Greece, numbered at around 20,000 according to a 2012 report, joined together to mark the holy day

6100: 13333: 11440: 10753: 10237: 10001: 9244:"The source state: Out of approximately 30 million Sikhs in the world, the majority of them, 22 million, live in India" 8816: 8311: 5694: 4537: 4490: 3078: 2719: 2277: 5724:

it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in the county with a majority in Brescia.

5368: 4703:

Sikhs comprise 1.7% (23,786,052) of India's total population of 1,399,179,585 per 2023 estimate by the World Factbook.

3093:) favouring the creation of Khalistan. Subsequently, a number of rebel militant groups in favour of Khalistan waged a 11318: 11248: 11194: 11181: 11167: 11154: 11140: 11126: 10855: 10816:

Kundu, Apurba (Spring 1994). "The Indian Armed Forces' Sikh and Non-Sikh Officers' Opinions of Operation Blue Star".

8896: 8826: 8797: 8773: 8726: 8487: 8462: 7957: 7698: 7664: 7569: 7423: 7332: 7246: 6975: 6769: 6744: 6530: 6475: 5894: 3762:

may still be practiced by some Sikhs, despite Guru Nanak's calls for treating everyone equally in Guru Granth Sahib.

3077:, a pro-Khalistani terrorist organization. In January 1986, the Golden Temple was occupied by militants belonging to 2783:) Sikhs are obliged to wear. The symbols represent the ideals of Sikhism: honesty, equality, fidelity, meditating on 1354: 1327: 531: 375: 8927: 6357: 5950:

Despite the estimated 220,000 Sikh immigrants who inhabit the Po Valley, there seems to a whiff of change in the air

13096: 10278: 10019: 6208: 4393: 2311:. However, there was a growing alienation between Punjabi Sikh and Hindu populations. The latter of which reported 10775: 9837: 8592: 7026:"Sikh Nationalism: From a Dominant Minority to an Ethno-Religious Diaspora | By Gurharpal Singh and Giorgio Shani" 5748:

That it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in it with a majority in Brescia

5475: 1937:

The early Sikhs varied widely in their occupations and position in society's hierarchy: some were rich merchants (

12456: 12137: 11676: 7186: 4768:

Guru Nanak said that blessings are rained down when the lowly person, regardless of any background are cared for.

4592: 4529: 10951: 10889: 9365: 5796:

Italy has over 200,000 Sikhs who are active members of the Italian population, which is why this city was chosen

13328: 13195: 13190: 11239: 10467: 9493:"Australian Bureau of Statistics : 2021 Census of Population and Housing : General Community Profile" 8100:

Dutta, Swarup (June 2012). "Green Revolution Revisited: The Contemporary Agrarian Situation in Punjab, India".

7630: 7596: 7137: 3696:

million in 2100 given that the anticipated growth rate of 0.8% and adding at least 200,000 followers annually.

3606:

but many also to North America. Some Sikhs who had settled in eastern Africa were expelled by Ugandan dictator

3102: 2905:

as he accompanied Guru Nanak on his journeys. The jori and sarinda were introduced to Sikh devotional music by

2852:

is only a weapon of defense and religious protection, used to serve humanity and to be used against oppression.

12705: 11987: 10204: 9665: 8566: 6663: 6296: 5012: 4273: 1806: 1250: 10181: 6613:"A diversity with several levels: Kenyan politics of integration and the Kenyan minorities of Indian origin" 6041: 3105:

continued to pursue an independent Khalistan through non-violent means. Pro-Khalistan organisations such as

13066: 12014: 11865: 11818: 10715: 10158: 8970: 7262: 5926:

Up to 150,000 Sikhs now live there, making it the largest Sikh Community in Europe after the one in Britain

5317: 5113: 4849: 4644: 4048: 2605:

and appointed Sardar Desa Singh Majithia his governor of the Punjab hills. In 1813, the Sikh army occupied

2181: 2090: 1281: 7721: 13338: 12876: 12007: 8455:

Unsettling Sikh and Muslim Conflict: Mistaken Identities, Forced Conversions, and Postcolonial Formations

5648: 5293: 5236: 5211: 5114:"The Daily – The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity" 4521: 1752:

on 30 March 1699, when the Guru initiated five people from a variety of social backgrounds, known as the

1136: 10970:

The Land of Five Rivers: An Economic History of the Punjab from Earliest Times to the Year of Grace 1890

8673:"Sikh Reht Maryada, The Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India" 8655:"Sikh Reht Maryada, The Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India" 8641:"Sikh Reht Maryada, the Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India" 8428: 7688: 6718:"Sikh Reht Maryada, The Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India" 6700:"Sikh Reht Maryada, The Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India" 5618: 12670: 12337: 11917: 9944:"India's fertility rate dips below replacement level: What does it mean? | Business Standard News" 4379: 4262: 3106: 2628:

bridge at Balaju. Guru Nanak is said to have visited Nepal during his third Udasi while returning from

2624:

There is an old Sikh shrine called 'Prachin Guru Nanak Math', which lies at a small hill, just next to

2361: 2030: 6268:"Mitgliederzahlen: Sonstige – REMID – Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst e.V." 4960: 3026:

venture. In 1971, the first explicit call for Khalistan was made in an advertisement published in the

12962: 12942: 12891: 12750: 12575: 12483: 12390: 12287: 12282: 12175: 10658: 9351: 4494: 4105:

Historically, most Indians have been farmers and 66 per cent of the Indian population are engaged in

3603: 3012: 2966: 2534: 2365: 2340: 838: 9618: 6119:"Punjabi Community Involved in Money Lending in Philippines Braces for 'Crackdown' by New President" 5185: 3046:

and announced the formation of Khalistan. A similar announcement was made by Balbir Singh Sandhu in

13071: 12947: 12926: 12277: 11701: 11530: 9439: 7768:

invariably raised images of atrocities committed by Muslims on Sikhs and of the martyrdom of their

6510: 5557: 5393: 5087: 4878: 4470: 3204: 3188: 3051: 1243: 1146: 1079: 12871: 10685: 9814: 8672: 6491: 6172: 5967:"Prayer at dawn, zero crime: this is how Sikhs live in Italy, after the sentence of the Cassation" 4485:(VC) were awarded to Sikhs, a per-capita regimental record. In 2002, the names of all Sikh VC and 3773:(Jatt), traditionally Agriculturist class in occupation. Despite being very small in numbers, the 3746:

has the highest proportion of Sikhs in the globe, which stands at 2.1% as of 2021, as compared to

3034:). By proclaiming the formation of Khalistan, he was able to collect millions of dollars from the 13260: 13237: 12835: 12347: 12322: 11957: 11760: 11585: 11560: 11467: 11445: 9778:

Ciprani, Ralph (14 May 2006). "Sikh Storia e immigrazione – The Sikhs: History and Immigration".

9415:"Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India" 8025: 7142: 5463:

Scholars and government officials estimate the Sikh American population to number around 500,000.

4114: 3135: 3055: 1996: 1672: 1084: 1004: 955: 920: 906: 64: 12856: 11240:

The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition

10801:

U.S. Marine Corps compelled to allow Sikh Americans to begin basic training with turbans, beards

10229:

The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition

9097:"New brand of Sikh militancy: Suave, tech-savvy pro-Khalistan youth radicalised on social media" 7656:

The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition

3781:

castes wield considerable influence within the Sikh community. Other common Sikh castes include

1493:, bequeathed by the tenth Guru and who does not owe allegiance to any other religion, is a Sikh. 13091: 12790: 12775: 12765: 12745: 12740: 12545: 12451: 12352: 12327: 11972: 11962: 11922: 11788: 10504:. The London School of Economics – The Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion. 29 January 2010 6811: 5372: 4684: 4414:, the Sikhs are one of the few communities to have exclusive regiments in the Indian Army. The 4407: 4398:

According to a 1994 estimate, Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus comprised 10 to 15% of all ranks in the

3723: 1513:) as their last name, though not all Singhs are necessarily Sikhs; likewise, female Sikhs have 1171: 10262: 9312:"Pak invites Sikh community to invest in commercial projects along Nankana-Kartarpur Corridor" 9121: 8716: 7322: 6136: 5885:

Bertolani, Barbara (2013). "The Sikhs in Italy: A Growing Heterogeneous and Plural Presence".

4907: 4579:. The bilingual postcard reads, "Gentlemen of India marching to chasten the German hooligans". 2364:, with its stated aim being the fulfillment of a set of devolutionary objectives based on the 13275: 13215: 13128: 12861: 12730: 12700: 12479: 12438: 11803: 11750: 11671: 11311: 8348:"Assassination in India: Sikhs at the centre of the drama; Sikh separation dates back to '47" 8144: 7947: 7353: 6907: 5450: 4895:"Sikhism is the world's fifth-largest religion, with 25–30 million adherents around the globe 4659: 4431: 4163: 3759: 2269: 2265: 2217: 2054: 2034: 1706: 1530: 1094: 1089: 60: 11696: 11686: 9171:"Pakistan ISI tapping into J&K terror network to fuel pro-Khalistan sentiments: Sources" 8545: 7620: 7586: 6612: 5048: 4008: 2316:

figures. Moreover, the 1966 reorganization left Sikhs highly dissatisfied, with the capital

13205: 13163: 13148: 13086: 13056: 12866: 12760: 12565: 12418: 12405: 12362: 12168: 12125: 12103: 11952: 11882: 11793: 11720: 11450: 9400:, Sikhism is the second-largest religion in British Columbia, Manitoba, and Yukon. Per the 9397: 7786: 6446: 6063: 5677: 4502: 4333: 4191: 4178: 4067: 4040: 3719: 3619: 3070: 2890: 2427: 2396: 2146: 2133:, the Sikhs stayed loyal to the British, resulting in heavy recruitment from Punjab to the 2042: 1681: 1564: 1388: 1201: 1176: 1166: 1141: 1049: 195: 45: 24: 11691: 10624: 10589: 10386:"Explained: Who are Nanak Naam Lewa, and why Kartarpur Corridor can't be limited to Sikhs" 8996: 8524: 6812:"The Sikhs – religion and nation. Chosen political and social determinants of functioning" 5699: 3602:

to help build railroads. Sikhs emigrated from India after World War II, most going to the

2982:

is a Sikh separatist movement, which seeks to create a separate country called Khalistān (

8: 13265: 13200: 13158: 13118: 13113: 13076: 12755: 12690: 12680: 11997: 11977: 11937: 11907: 11336: 10410: 9921:"India witnesses decline in population growth rate and fertility across religious groups" 7562:

Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Lord of the Five Rivers (French Sources of Indian History Sources)

6186: 5685: 5596: 5491:

There are an estimated 500,000 Sikhs living in the U.S., many in New York and California.

5321: 4781:

Guru Nanak had spoken we need to prize humility above all and thus caste is not an issue.

4478: 4212: 4177:

and the Thai-based JASPAL were founded by Sikhs. India's largest pharmaceutical company,

3599: 3475: 3062: 3038:. On 12 April 1980, he declared the formation of the "National Council of Khalistan", at 3031: 2384: 2209: 2197: 2134: 2066: 1685: 1404: 1270: 1211: 1161: 1151: 593: 10494: 9895: 8306:(1st ed.). Amritsar, Punjab: Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. p. 198. 8301: 2168:

in 1925, which placed all the historical Sikh shrines in India under the control of the

1702: 13291: 13270: 13101: 13026: 12830: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12800: 12695: 12570: 12550: 12475: 12446: 12385: 12317: 12262: 11992: 11850: 11840: 11830: 11808: 11798: 11775: 11740: 11643: 11435: 11430: 11340: 11077: 10920: 10833: 10554: 10356: 10139: 9795: 9419: 9401: 9228: 9022: 8282: 8125: 7833: 6941: 6888: 6699: 6638: 6536: 5837:"How the recent Punjabi migration to Spain & Italy is a departure for the diaspora" 5681: 5422: 4721: 4674: 4266: 4186: 4052: 3638: 3634: 3126: 2979: 2692: 2672: 2221: 2213: 2208:

and the movement to create Pakistan, viewing it as inviting possible persecution, with

2193: 1697: 1453: 915: 882: 588: 583: 9701: 9575:"Population by religion, region and area, 2010" (PDF). NSO. Retrieved 10 January 2018. 8654: 8640: 6717: 6464:

Kaur, Arunajeet (6 December 2008). "The Evolution of the Sikh Identity in Singapore".

3069:. As proponents were able to generate funding from a grieving diaspora. In June 1985, 2917:

at the request of his followers, who wanted a smaller instrument than the taus. After

1575:

from the day of their initiation, and they must at all times have on their bodies the

13153: 12986: 12952: 12795: 12780: 12660: 12428: 12380: 12332: 12302: 12297: 11967: 11947: 11942: 11932: 11855: 11845: 11813: 11765: 11681: 11653: 11623: 11593: 11406: 11401: 11396: 11272: 11258: 11244: 11228: 11204: 11190: 11177: 11163: 11150: 11136: 11122: 11081: 11031:"India's High Commission in London 'Sikhs Pioneered Britain's Multi-Cultural Society" 10965: 10368: 10282: 10233: 9885:"Proportion and growth rate of population by religious communities, India, 1961–2001" 9799: 9424: 8892: 8822: 8793: 8769: 8747: 8722: 8695: 8483: 8458: 8307: 8201: 8150: 8117: 8031: 7953: 7837: 7825: 7756: 7694: 7660: 7626: 7592: 7565: 7419: 7359: 7328: 7301: 7242: 7058: 6971: 6913: 6880: 6841: 6765: 6740: 6642: 6630: 6540: 6526: 6471: 6387:[Seeing the light of God in the other, that's what the Sikhs are all about]. 6249: 6158: 5890: 5811: 5644: 5261: 4713: 4649: 4639: 4557: 4498: 4356: 4254: 4243: 4227: 4197: 3927: 3782: 3715: 3658:

having significant Sikh population clusters. Italian Sikhs are generally involved in

3207:

in the world with Sikhism as the second most followed religion among the population.

3094: 2926: 2914: 2886: 2723: 2708: 2645: 2472: 2237: 2205: 2201: 1981: 1811: 1749: 1206: 1014: 663: 658: 653: 425: 11290: 9764: 9195: 8129: 5034: 1988:) As the Sikh faith grew, the Sikhs subsequently militarized to oppose Mughal rule. 1549:) and are often seen on the frontline to provide humanitarian aid across the world. 13299: 13225: 13185: 13018: 12957: 12725: 12685: 12675: 12665: 12580: 12555: 12509: 12461: 12423: 12395: 12375: 12370: 12312: 12307: 12272: 12267: 12254: 12041: 12002: 11912: 11902: 11897: 11860: 11825: 11735: 11710: 11500: 11391: 11304: 11098: 11069: 10825: 9787: 8422:"Memorandum Regarding the Tabulation of Sikh Ethnicity in the United States Census" 8274: 8109: 7817: 7542: 7080: 7002: 6872: 6831: 6823: 6620: 6518: 6239: 6228:"Masculinity in the Sikh Community in Italy and Spain: Expectations and Challenges" 5673: 4737: 4729: 4679: 4669: 4439: 4239: 4174: 4155: 3971: 3864: 3858: 3727: 3688: 3517: 3184: 3177: 3098: 3008: 2806: 2625: 2328: 2300: 2293: 2253: 2185: 2086: 2082: 2046: 2023: 1867: 1651:

The Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent has been the historic homeland of the

1644: 1631: 1383: 1362: 1337: 1310: 1181: 1108: 950: 755: 725: 648: 547: 485: 481: 468: 464: 456: 448: 145: 10348: 8027:

Aspects of India's International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World

7297: 13229: 13168: 12921: 12881: 12825: 12735: 12655: 12413: 12342: 12292: 12215: 11927: 11892: 11887: 11835: 11755: 11457: 11425: 11417: 11213: 10130:

Jodhka, Surinder S (11–17 May 2002). "Caste and Untouchability in Rural Punjab".

8051: 7654: 7416:

Life and Work of Guru Arjan: History, Memory, and Biography in the Sikh Tradition

7234: 6963: 6786:"Sikhs to be counted as a separate ethnic group in 2020 US census for first time" 5418: 4533: 4443: 4352: 4344: 4337: 4321: 4297: 4247: 4151: 4097:

law banning the wearing of turbans by teachers and government officials in 2010.

3975: 3066: 2760: 2598: 2556: 2550: 2523: 2431: 2415: 2406:

in 1999, Sikhs worldwide celebrated the 300th anniversary of the creation of the

2392: 2321: 2257: 2241: 2012: 2007: 1535: 1277:, a British Sikh and the first woman to reach the South Pole solo and unsupported 1231: 1069: 700: 525: 503: 460: 10275:

Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology: Health and Illness in the World's Cultures

8373: 4712:

Majority of Sikhs speak Punjabi or its various dialects as their mother tongue.

3598:. During the Raj, semiskilled Sikh artisans were transported from the Punjab to 13318: 13175: 12978: 12840: 12591: 12540: 12120: 12081: 12051: 11638: 11603: 11480: 11381: 10690: 10266: 9791: 9298:"Nearly 10 million Sikhs have lost their religion because of this organisation" 8113: 7588:

Between Colonialism and Diaspora: Sikh Cultural Formations in an Imperial World

7355:

When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699–1799

5690: 5397: 5347: 4525: 4482: 4427: 4423: 4348: 4309: 4293: 4143: 4015:

convoy passing over the bridge along Northern Relief Road (A124) in East London

3997: 3993: 3967: 3684: 3595: 3573: 3152:, where they number around 1.2 million and form 4.9 percent of the population, 3082: 3039: 2934: 2898: 2836: 2792: 2764: 2245: 2192:

and advocated for a united, secular country. Sikh organizations, including the

2153: 2142: 1938: 1599: 1583: 1028: 720: 715: 690: 638: 578: 472: 433: 125: 11073: 7546: 7183:"Anti-Discrimination (Amendment) Bill – 11/05/1994 – 2R COMM – NSW Parliament" 6522: 3113:

remain committed to the separatist movement. There are claims of funding from

13312: 13108: 12886: 12617: 12535: 12110: 11783: 11730: 11666: 11525: 11515: 11366: 11102: 9716:"Afghan Sikhs are targeted by the Taliban and unable to even bury their dead" 9045: 8121: 7829: 6884: 6845: 6827: 6634: 6253: 5343: 4572: 4513: 4508:

During World War I, Sikh battalions fought in Egypt, Palestine, Mesopotamia,

4435: 4415: 4235: 4219: 4201: 4138: 4125: 4024: 3989: 3651: 3591: 3245: 3192: 3157: 3145: 3130: 3114: 3086: 3074: 3035: 2922: 2731: 2700: 2676: 2629: 2491: 2484: 2453: 2391:

June prior to the Grain Roko morcha in order to remove Bhindranwale from the

2380: 2335:

In 1973 as a result, of unaddressed grievances and increasing inequality the

2308: 2289: 2130: 1965: 1835: 1737: 1664: 1554: 1533:, which the Gurus were always against. Sikhs strongly believe in the idea of 1490: 1285: 991: 981: 800: 785: 760: 735: 623: 563: 135: 11520: 10435: 6267: 3109:

are also active outside India, supported by a section of the Sikh diaspora.

2727: 2712: 2240:

to the east (modern India), mirroring a simultaneous religious migration of

935: 13031: 12991: 12820: 12627: 12560: 12235: 12210: 12205: 12098: 11870: 11725: 11598: 11565: 11386: 11371: 11218: 10270: 9209: 7290: 6625: 4955: 4664: 4626: 4611: 4536:, receiving 27 battle honours. Around the world, Sikhs are commemorated in 4517: 4486: 4447: 4411: 4305: 4281: 4258: 4223: 4182: 4159: 4012: 3963: 3951: 3879: 3758:

Sikhs have remained a relatively homogeneous ethnic group with exceptions.

3663: 2955: 2902: 2659: 2583: 2538: 2499: 2480: 2212:

instead favouring an undivided Azad Punjab as an independent Sikh State or

2062: 1677: 1396: 1274: 1021: 893: 888: 872: 780: 695: 643: 628: 429: 185: 11208: 10577:

Sikh Teachers Are Now Able to Teach in Oregon Public Schools « SALDEF

8142: 4778:, the Blessings of Your Glance of Grace rain down.", Guru Granth Sahib, 15 2418:

issued a stamp commemorating the 300th anniversary of the Khalsa as well.

2105: 1952: 1423: 1421: 873: 864: 855: 19:

This article is about an ethnoreligious group. For the Sikh religion, see

12916: 12770: 12720: 12650: 12622: 12612: 12607: 12514: 12191: 12154: 12132: 12061: 11618: 11550: 11545: 11510: 8928:"Jagmeet Singh Now Rejects Glorification of Air India Bombing mastermind" 5812:"The Continuing Struggle for Religious Freedom by Italy's Sikh Community" 5669: 4745: 4576: 4553: 4474: 4455: 4399: 4364: 4301: 4167: 4106: 3985: 3955: 3739: 3659: 3642: 3615: 3349: 3165: 2918: 2756: 2743: 2684: 2606: 2602: 2441: 2411: 2138: 2118: 2094: 2058: 1991: 1957: 1879: 1816: 1729: 1656: 1576: 1469:), the definition of Sikh is: Any human being who faithfully believes in 986: 945: 863: 825: 815: 795: 790: 775: 770: 740: 730: 705: 499: 493: 305: 215: 205: 9350:. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from 8614: 6244: 6227: 5447:"American Sikhs are targets of bigotry, often due to cultural ignorance" 1663:

has the largest national Sikh proportion (2.1%) in the world, while the

13255: 13247: 13180: 13081: 13061: 13041: 13001: 12785: 12519: 12225: 12220: 12076: 11745: 11715: 11628: 11613: 11535: 11505: 11485: 11376: 11361: 11356: 11348: 10837: 10360: 10143: 9019:"SAD (A) to Contest the Coming SGPC Elections on Khalistan Issue: Mann" 8286: 7821: 6892: 6836: 5479: 4931: 4850:"US Sikhs tirelessly travel their communities to feed hungry Americans" 4784:"One who takes pride in wealth and lands is a fool, blind and ignorant. 4725: 4451: 4372: 4329: 4289: 4285: 4231: 4205: 3173: 3023: 3000: 2906: 2878: 2872: 2751: 2688: 2613: 2579: 2476: 2317: 2285: 2216:, having passed the Sikh State Resolution in 1946. The Sikhs therefore 2057:. The Confederacy of these states was unified and transformed into the 1973: 1969: 1754: 1725: 1713: 1486: 1408: 1156: 1131: 1074: 1055: 1035: 976: 854: 820: 810: 805: 765: 633: 618: 613: 604: 93: 39: 11162:

by J. S. Grewal. Published by Cambridge University Press (1998).

8767:

The foreign policy of Pakistan: ethnic impacts on diplomacy, 1971–1994

6594:"Pakistan's Religious Minorities Say They Were Undercounted in Census" 4761:"The Guru has given me this one understanding: there is only the One, 4481:

totaled over 100,000 (20 per cent of the force). Until 1945, fourteen

4272:

Sikhs in Bollywood, in the arts in general, include poet and lyricist

13123: 12715: 12710: 12230: 12071: 11540: 11176:

by W. H. McLeod. Published by Columbia University Press (1989).

7752: 6860: 4717: 4509: 4360: 4325: 4317: 4313: 4122: 3959: 3845: 3796: 3735: 3623: 3370: 3328: 3153: 3016: 2704: 2633: 2587: 2357: 2336: 2268:

and the presentation for a Punjabi Suba as a policy in April 1948 by

1985: 1946: 1745: 848: 335: 325: 285: 155: 10829: 10349:

The Scheduled Castes in the Sikh Community: A Historical Perspective

9730:"Nearly 99% Of Hindus, Sikhs Left Afghanistan in Last Three decades" 9330:"B.C. breaks records when it comes to religion and the lack thereof" 8278: 6876: 5684:

estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008. The

1589: 13220: 13051: 13046: 13036: 13008: 12086: 12056: 11661: 10983: 10114:"Why Sikhs ought to be happy, not worried : The Tribune India" 6385:"Het licht van God zien in de ander, daar gaat het om bij de sikhs" 5233:"Asian Indian Was The Largest Asian Alone Population Group in 2020" 4733: 4654: 4607: 4463: 4419: 4251: 4118: 4060: 4044: 3854: 3841: 3816: 3802: 3770: 3704: 3627: 3611: 3607: 3559: 3538: 3391: 3196: 3054:

party of Indira Gandhi by the Akali Dal, headed by the Sikh leader

3047: 2784: 2632:

in Tibet. Nanak is said to have stayed at Balaju and Thapathali in

2542: 2527: 2519: 2503: 2449: 2403: 2163: 2157: 2126: 2078: 1977: 1976:

was martyred on suspicion of helping in betrayal of Mughal Emperor

1925: 1849: 1845: 1839: 1733: 1416: 1226: 1126: 1116: 1064: 750: 535: 489: 365: 235: 175: 165: 11490: 9640: 9071:"India gives Trudeau list of suspected Sikh separatists in Canada" 2152:

The later years of British colonial rule saw the emergence of the

925: 538:, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text. 11608: 11570: 11327: 8863:"Jagjit Singh Chauhan, Sikh Militant Leader in India, Dies at 80" 8366:"Canada Post to honour Sikh Canadians with a commemorative stamp" 8265:

Pettigrew, Joyce (1987). "In Search of a New Kingdom of Lahore".

5184:. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Archived from 4368: 4056: 4036: 3943: 3919: 3907: 3895: 3883: 3836: 3711: 3662:, agricultural processing, the manufacture of machine tools, and 3655: 3307: 3149: 3004: 2894: 2818: 2495: 2459: 2304: 2281: 2229: 2070: 1931: 1891: 1885: 1857: 1800: 1717: 1624: 1392: 940: 555: 413: 355: 345: 265: 20: 10862:(excerpts from talk by British High Commissioner Michael Arthur) 10723: 9585: 6209:"France's Sikh Minority Looks Set to Vote Against Marine Le Pen" 3061:

The movement flourished in the Indian state of Punjab following

2863: 2553:) is influenced by their Sikhism and current affairs in Punjab. 2160:

during the early 1920s. The movement led to the introduction of

13210: 13143: 13138: 12585: 12066: 12046: 11633: 11575: 11555: 11495: 11475: 10524:"U.K. gets a new law, secures rights of Sikhs to carry kirpans" 9210:"Sikhism | History, Doctrines, Practice, & Literature" 9196:"Sikh Population in World | Sikh Population in India 2023" 7625:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 107–109. 7081:"Athens. Dedication of Soldiers Honoring Generals, 111/0 B.C.?" 6133:"2011 Gurdwara Philippines: Sikh Population of the Philippines" 5035:"Sikh Population in World | Sikh Population in India 2023" 4403: 4277: 4094: 4086: 4075: 4028: 4020: 3947: 3939: 3931: 3915: 3903: 3899: 3891: 3887: 3829: 3823: 3806: 3786: 3774: 3766: 3743: 3731: 3412: 3286: 3043: 2992: 2971: 2844: 2798: 2768: 2747: 2696: 2680: 2591: 2560: 2507: 2468: 2445: 2407: 2233: 2225: 2074: 2000: 1942: 1903: 1823: 1796: 1788: 1770: 1741: 1721: 1660: 1640: 1608: 1593: 1572: 1400: 1121: 970: 965: 960: 930: 745: 710: 676: 393: 315: 295: 275: 245: 115: 12160: 10550:"UK gets new weapons act, secures Sikh right to carry kirpans" 10463:"Housing: Sikhs most likely to own their own homes | Religion" 9521:"2018 Census totals by topic – national highlights | Stats NZ" 9468:"Religion, England and Wales – Office for National Statistics" 8790:

Amritsar to Lahore: A Journey Across the India-Pakistan Border

6318:"Hong Kong stories: Getting to know the city's Sikh community" 6082:"2021 Report on International Religious Freedom: Saudi Arabia" 5139:"Religion, England and Wales – Office for National Statistics" 4000:, etc. who call themselves Nanakpanthis despite being Hindus. 3857:, in some gurdwaras, they were not permitted to cook or serve 3730:

there over the decades. Sikhism is fourth-largest religion in

3674: 2877:

The Sikhs have a number of musical instruments, including the

2436: 2018: 1768:), to form a collective body of initiated Sikhs, known as the 1343: 13133: 12996: 12115: 12091: 7693:. Very Short Introductions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 6734: 6388: 5942:"The Sikhs Spearheading The Italian Parmesan Cheese Industry" 5434:

Today there are well over 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.

4032: 3935: 3923: 3911: 3875: 3810: 3778: 3747: 3496: 3433: 3267: 3241: 3200: 3161: 2988: 2882: 2828: 2511: 2312: 1921: 1897: 1873: 1861: 1853: 1828: 1668: 1659:

for significant parts of the 18th and 19th centuries. Today,

1499: 685: 452: 383: 255: 105: 11257:

by Subhash Parihar, Delhi: Aryan Books International, 2009,

10617:"Agriculture and Allied Sector | Economy and Infrastructure" 7622:

Colonialism and Its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India

5831: 5829: 5716:"Over 40,000 Sikhs vote in secessionist Referendum in Italy" 4788:

One whose heart is mercifully blessed with abiding humility,

2713:

ambrosial hours of the morning (three hours before the dawn)

2533:

Sikh culture is influenced by militaristic motifs (with the

12031: 11271:

by R. M. Chopra, Anuradha Prakashan, New Delhi, 2015.

10343: 10341: 10055:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (23 January 2019).

9438:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022).

8503: 8195: 7725: 6151: 6042:"On the Gurdwara Trail in Malaysia: A Spiritual Experience" 5561: 5532: 5112:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022).

5086:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022).

4882: 4741: 3454: 2930: 2734:" and the verse "Pavan guru pani pita..." before sleeping. 2261: 2232:. This caused the religious migration of Punjabi Sikhs and 2050: 1909: 1680:

in the United States. The UK also considers Sikhs to be an

1652: 1515: 1476:

Ten Gurus, from Guru Nanak Sahib to Guru Gobind Singh Sahib

225: 11296: 11227:

by R. M. Chopra, 2014, Sparrow Publication, Kolkata,

10651:"West and East Punjab Agriculture: A Comparison | Comment" 10321:"Sikhism | History, Doctrines, Practice, & Literature" 9144:"ISI trying to revive Khalistan movement, says government" 8241: 8239: 8198:

Expanding Governmental Lawlessness and Organized Struggles

6101:"Sikhs in UAE hail country's year of 'respect, inclusion'" 3984:, says that there are several communities within the term 12142: 10679: 10579:. Saldef.org (2 April 2010). Retrieved on 6 October 2011. 7995: 7993: 7991: 7949:

Identity and Survival: Sikh Militancy in India, 1978–1993

7051:"Sikh Reht Maryada: Sikh Code of Conduct and Conventions" 6905: 5826: 4853: 4625:

Japanese soldiers shooting blindfolded Sikh prisoners in

4208: 3726:. The growth is mainly contributed by the immigration of 2601:

of painting. In 1810, Ranjeet Singh (1780–1839) occupied

2346:

After unsuccessful negotiations the Dharam Yuddh Morcha (

1792: 1316: 409: 10338: 8969:. Amnesty International. 20 January 2003. Archived from 8842: 8219: 8217: 7107:"Key Findings From the Global Religious Futures Project" 6617:

Les Cahiers d'Afrique de l'Est / The East African Review

3871:, 20 of the 140 seats are reserved for low-caste Sikhs. 3195:

and Chandigarh in India. Furthermore, British Columbia,

2065:. This era was characterised by religious tolerance and 9280:"Why Sikhism as registered religion in Austria matters" 9262:"Why Sikhism As Registered Religion in Austria Matters" 9224:"Why Sikhism as registered religion in Austria matters" 8236: 8143:

Sumit Ganguly; Larry Diamond; Marc F. Plattner (2007).

7533:

McLeod, Hew (1987). "Sikhs and Muslims in the Punjab".

6555:"Why Sikhism as registered religion in Austria matters" 6358:"Sikh Gurdwara discovered by 'intrepid' local reporter" 5545:

There are more than 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.

4794:

O Nanak, is liberated here, and obtains peace hereafter

2730:(early morning) and to recite the late evening prayer " 2292:, volunteer protestors, and even cooks of the temple's 1809:

analyzed references made within the 11th ballad of the

10746:"India's Richest: #24 Malvinder & Shivinder Singh" 9941: 9666:"Table − 1: Population by Religion and sex, NPHC 2021" 8320: 8074: 7988: 7971: 7969: 7920: 7863: 6810:

Barwiński, Marek; Musiaka, Łukasz (30 December 2019).

5772:

About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.

3210: 2940:

When they marched into battle, the Sikhs would play a

2814:

to always also keep one's hair clean and well-groomed.

9744:"Little reason to migrate to India, say Afghan Sikhs" 9021:. PunjabNewsline.com. 14 January 2010. Archived from 8214: 7952:. London, United Kingdom: Penguin Books. p. 60. 7659:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 494. 7564:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 23–29. 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 3216:

or official statistics in the following territories:

3203:

hold the distinction of being three of the only four

2787:, and never bowing to tyranny. The five symbols are: 1373: 1355: 1346: 1340: 1328: 1319: 1313: 11135:

by Khushwant Singh. Oxford India Paperbacks (2005).

11121:

by Sangat Singh, Noel Quinton King. New York, 1995.

10972:. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 216–217. 10403:"Hate crime reports up in wake of terrorist attacks" 10082:"What is the Fastest Growing Religion in Australia?" 10054: 10038:"We need to worry about the decline in Sikh numbers" 9860:"We need to worry about the decline in Sikh numbers" 9838:"Italy may open VISA office in Chandigarh very soon" 9462: 9460: 9437: 9431: 8170: 7844: 7591:. United states: Duke University Press. p. 66. 7185:. Parliament.nsw.gov.au. 11 May 1994. Archived from 7162: 6000:"Gobind Singh Deo is Malaysia's first Sikh minister" 5880: 5878: 5111: 5085: 5007: 5005: 4078:

community), with a median total household wealth of

2475:, which S. S. Bhatti described as "inspired by 1676:

and, as of 2020, Sikhs are considered as a separate

63:

listening to Guru Granth Sahib being recited at the

10849: 10847: 9702:

http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-253167/Sikhism

9390: 8886: 7966: 7901: 7882: 6859:Crawford, S. Cromwell; Singh, Harbans (July 1971). 6509:Montes, Enrico Castro; Goddeeris, Idesbald (2020). 5918:"Why the Indian government must help Italian Sikhs" 5504:"April 2022: Sikh Awareness and Appreciation Month" 4986:"Sidhu wrongly quotes Sikh population as 14 crores" 4825:"April 2022: Sikh Awareness and Appreciation Month" 4387: 11225:The Philosophical and Religious Thought of Sikhism 11189:by Michael Angelo. Published by Routledge (1997). 10776:"Singapore's 40 Richest: #25 Kartar Singh Thakral" 10684:. Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen. Archived from 9254: 9063: 8916:. Delhi & Punjab: Amar Prakashan. p. 114. 7289: 7241:. India: Oxford University Press. pp. 12–13. 5912: 5910: 5619:"2020 National Sikh American Survey: Key Findings" 5068: 4571:French postcard depicting the arrival of the 15th 4505:was instrumental in campaigning for the memorial. 2779:) are five articles of faith which all initiated ( 2399:which would consume Punjab until the early 1990s. 1671:has the largest Sikh proportion (58%) amongst all 1482:The utterances and teachings of the ten Gurus and 10964: 10002:"There could be more Sikhs in the future – maybe" 9760:Migration Patterns – Workshop on Indian Migration 9457: 8985: 8783: 7740: 7358:. Oxford University Press. pp. 42, 47, 184. 6470:. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute. pp. 275–297. 6336:"Kuwait To Seek Closure Of "Illegal" Sikh Temple" 6297:"Vibrant Vaisakhi Celebrates Sikh Life In Greece" 5875: 5758: 5756: 5740:"Around 45,000 Sikhs vote in Referendum in Italy" 5734: 5732: 5002: 4489:recipients were inscribed on the monument of the 2683:Sikhs must recite or listen to the recitation of 2549:Kaur Nandhra, and Amrit and Rabindra Kaur Singh ( 13310: 11255:Architectural Heritage of a Sikh State: Faridkot 10844: 10614: 8718:Globalization and Religious Nationalism in India 7320: 6809: 5856: 5854: 5208:"Does the Census Bureau have data for religion?" 4765:. May I never forget Him!", Guru Granth Sahib, 2 4166:; and physicist, science writer and broadcaster 3992:, "There are groups like Sikhligarh, Vanjaarey, 2822:: Cotton undergarments, worn by both sexes; the 2545:, which feature marching and displays of valor. 2522:, and square roofs. A pinnacle of Sikh style is 11243:– H Oberoi – 1994 University of Chicago Press, 11203:by R. M. Chopra, Sanbun Publishers, 2001, 9971:"Census shocker: Sikhs report lowest sex ratio" 9894:. CensusIndia. 6 September 2004. Archived from 9684:Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency 7001:] (in Punjabi). p. 720. Archived from 6508: 5907: 3637:in 1947, many Sikhs from what would become the 3085:. On 26 January 1986, a gathering known as the 2218:strongly fought against the partition of Punjab 2175: 10856:"The success story that UK's 4 lakh Sikhs are" 10100:"Sikhs fastest-growing minority in NZ: Census" 9757:Moliner, Christine (2006). "Sikhs in France". 8952:Sikh Temple Sit-In Is a Challenge for Punjab, 8746:. Pennsylvania State University. p. 364. 8019: 8017: 8015: 6970:. India: Oxford University Press. p. 15. 6764:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 5. 5753: 5729: 5623:Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund 4837:there are more than 30 million Sikhs worldwide 4091:Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund 3874:Other castes (over 1,000 members) include the 3750:which stands at 1.7% as of 2011 respectively. 3139:Global map of Sikh population (estimated 2023) 12176: 11312: 10495:"An Anatomy of Economic Inequality in the UK" 8860: 6858: 6816:Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej 6739:. Oxford Handbooks. OUP Oxford. p. 380. 5862:"How Sikhs saved the Italian cheese industry" 5851: 5806: 5804: 5281: 5279: 5027: 4269:, former Indian cricketer-turned-politician. 4196:and is Singapore's 25th-richest person. Sikh 4173:In business, the UK-based clothing retailers 3089:(a de facto parliament) passed a resolution ( 1251: 11052: 10794: 10713: 10430: 10428: 10397: 10395: 10125: 10123: 10074: 9513: 7801: 7746: 6008:Malaysia has nearly 100,000 Sikh population. 5936: 5934: 3156:(872,000 or 1.3 percent of the population), 2974:protesting against Indian government actions 2796:: Uncut hair, usually tied and wrapped in a 11133:A History of the Sikhs: Volume 1: 1469–1838 10205:"Sri Guru Granth Sahib Translation, p. 278" 9089: 8821:. Discovery Publishing House. p. 169. 8694:. Oxford University Press. pp. 40–43. 8189: 8012: 7263:"The Khalsa | History of Sikhism | Sikhism" 7227: 5788:"Thousands of Sikhs attend parade in Italy" 5782: 5780: 5710: 5708: 5645:"DP05ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates" 5312: 5310: 5258:"Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population" 4218:In sports, Sikhs include England cricketer 2958:, meant that the Singhs were on their way. 1647:– the world's largest sarovar (sacred pool) 1452:According to Article I of Chapter 1 of the 12183: 12169: 11319: 11305: 10944:"Sikh Regiment Dumped over 'Racism' Fears" 10680:Guus Geurts Studentnummer (5 March 2001). 10309:. Princeton University Press. p. 155. 10182:"Sri Guru Granth Sahib Translation, p. 15" 8808: 8477: 8136: 7807: 7584: 7535:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 6861:"Guru Nanak and Origins of the Sikh Faith" 6226:Garha, Nachatter Singh (6 February 2020). 5801: 5506:. State of Michigan Office of the Governor 5276: 4943:There are over 30 million Sikhs worldwide. 4827:. State of Michigan Office of the Governor 4132: 4059:by a man who took Sodhi to be a member of 2771:: three of the five Sikh articles of faith 2597:Sikh painting is a direct offshoot of the 1258: 1244: 16:Ethnoreligious group who adhere to Sikhism 12492:List of battles involving the Sikh Empire 11174:The Sikhs: History, Religion, and Society 10811: 10809: 10471:. UK Statistics Authority. Archived from 10425: 10392: 10159:"Sri Guru Granth Sahib Translation, p. 2" 10120: 10000:Singh, Rupinder Mohan (28 January 2016). 9348:"Population by religion community – 2011" 8993:"The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Punjab" 8735: 8525:"Singh Twins Art Launches Liverpool Fest" 8480:Punjab Painting: Study in Art and Culture 8331:sfn error: no target: CITEREFGrewal1998 ( 8264: 8085:sfn error: no target: CITEREFGrewal1998 ( 8004:sfn error: no target: CITEREFGrewal1998 ( 7931:sfn error: no target: CITEREFGrewal1998 ( 7874:sfn error: no target: CITEREFGrewal1998 ( 7778: 7747:Kudaisya, Gyanesh; Yong, Tan Tai (2004). 7714: 6899: 6835: 6624: 6243: 5960: 5958: 5931: 5884: 4948: 4697: 4085:In May 2019, the UK government exempted " 1748:. Religious practices were formalised by 1395:, a religion that originated in the late 11119:The Sikhs in History: A Millennium Study 11088: 10910: 10409:. CNN. 17 September 2001. Archived from 10202: 10179: 10156: 9879: 9877: 9750: 9551:""Religion by Ethnic in Singapore 2020"" 8967:"Amnesty International report on Punjab" 8848: 8741: 8714: 8546:"Bhangra & Sikhi by Harjinder Singh" 8457:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 32. 8250:sfn error: no target: CITEREFKarim1991 ( 8228:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBakke2015 ( 8181:sfn error: no target: CITEREFKarim1991 ( 8030:, Pearson Education India, p. 484, 7749:The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia 7163:Press Trust of India (15 January 2020). 6735:Pashaura Singh; Louis E. Fenech (2014). 6382: 5777: 5705: 5369:"H. RES. 275–118th Congress (2023–2024)" 5307: 4343:Sikhs in Punjabi Music industry include 4007: 3996:, Lubaney, Johri, Satnamiye, Udaasiyas, 3698: 3673: 3572: 3134: 2965: 2862: 2858: 2755: 2573: 2483:has fought to have Sikh included on the 2458: 2444:, about 1880, by an unknown artist from 2435: 2356:) was launched on 4 August 1982, by the 2112: 2104: 2100: 2029: 2017: 2006: 1990: 1951: 1701: 1639: 1571:), an initiation ceremony, are known as 1291: 1280: 1269: 10941: 10645: 10254: 9777: 9756: 8689: 8567:"Guru Nanak Math On Verge Of Vanishing" 8396:"The Magnificence of Sikh Architecture" 8299: 7945: 7939: 7912:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDeol2000 ( 7893:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDeol2000 ( 7855:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDoad1997 ( 7785:Abid, Abdul Majeed (29 December 2014). 7686: 7553: 7409: 7407: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7397: 7395: 7055:Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee 7023: 6934:"Institute of Sikh Studies, Chandigarh" 6515:Handbook of Hinduism in Europe (2 vols) 6480:– via Cambridge University Press. 4469:Sikhs supported the British during the 4434:(equivalent to the Victoria Cross), 15 4047:. Several days after the 9/11 attacks, 3982:Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee 3869:Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee 2703:. Every Sikh is also supposed take the 2324:and the capital of Punjab and Haryana. 2170:Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee 1787:The early followers of Guru Nanak were 1588:, uncut hair usually kept covered by a 13311: 11005:"UK Government Report on the memorial" 10913:"Marshal of the Air Force Arjan Singh" 10888:. London. 24 June 2007. Archived from 10806: 10260: 10225: 10129: 9968: 9942:Krishna Veera Vanamali (18 May 2022). 9892:Office of the Registrar General, India 9806: 9611:"Religion – Fiji Bureau of Statistics" 8941:329 people dead 268 of them Canadians. 8887:Nayar, Kuldip; Kushwant Singh (1985). 8814: 8593:"Gurudwara Guru Nanak Math, Kathmandu" 8326: 8080: 7999: 7980:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBal1985 ( 7926: 7869: 7652: 7559: 7532: 7393: 7391: 7389: 7387: 7385: 7383: 7381: 7379: 7377: 7375: 7351: 7324:India in the Persianate Age: 1000–1765 7104: 5955: 2810:: A wooden comb, usually worn under a 2675:(Code of Conduct) clearly states that 12164: 11300: 10815: 10502:Report of the National Equality Panel 9999: 9874: 9835: 9168: 8911: 8245: 8223: 8200:. Popular Prakashan. pp. 64–66. 8176: 8099: 8056:South Asian Graduate Research Journal 7413: 7287: 7233: 6990: 6962: 6294: 6225: 6159:"Losing our religion | Stats NZ" 5593:"Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths" 4466:regiment were scrapped in June 2007. 4265:, World Cup winning off spinner; and 4234:; former Indian hockey team captains 3980:Karnail Singh Panjoli, member of the 2961: 2726:orders his followers to arise during 2526:(also known as the Golden Temple) in 1382: 11059: 9812: 9658: 9633: 9603: 9543: 9485: 9043: 8482:. Abhinav Publications. p. 13. 8452: 8345: 8339: 8303:Truth about Punjab: SGPC White Paper 8196:Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai (1991). 7907: 7888: 7850: 7784: 7618: 7239:The Illustrated History of the Sikhs 7133:"Religion in England and Wales 2011" 6968:The Illustrated History of the Sikhs 6759: 6610: 6463: 5476:"Sikhs in America:A History of Hate" 4117:was the "Sikh cultivator, often the 2452:, and used to decorate the walls of 2375:was planned and to be initiated on 3 2220:. The months leading up to the 1947 1612:, a dagger-like sword tucked into a 100:Regions with significant populations 48:, a common symbol of the Sikh people 10590:"World Bank Loan for India Farmers" 10460: 10436:"Sikhs Urging Action on Faith Hate" 10304: 9836:Singh, Kulwinder (11 August 2007). 9378:from the original on 21 August 2017 9366:"Census of India 2011 – Chandigarh" 9122:"Sikh separatists 'funded from UK'" 8615:"Sri Guru Granth Sahib Translation" 8023: 7975: 7372: 7130: 6737:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies 6191:Embassy of India (Lisbon, Portugal) 6098: 6021:"Malaysia gets first Sikh minister" 5887:Globalizing Belief, Localizing Gods 3714:is the fastest growing religion in 3220:Census data / official statistics: 3211:Census data and official statistics 2933:. This type of singing is known as 1984:was martyred by the Mughal Emperor 13: 11111: 10752:. 16 November 2006. Archived from 9682:"MS-B21: Religion – full detail". 8995:. Tribuneindia.com. Archived from 8692:Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction 8300:Dhillon, Gurdarshan Singh (1996). 7690:Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction 7560:Lafont, Jean-Marie (16 May 2002). 6906:Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh (2011). 6686:webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk 5964: 5764:"Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome" 5695:American Sikh Congressional Caucus 4512:and France. Six battalions of the 4460:United Kingdom Ministry of Defence 3079:All India Sikh Students Federation 2421: 2093:, expanded the confederacy to the 1945:), others were heads of villages ( 1684:people, as a direct result of the 14: 13350: 11284: 10984:"Memorial Gates Official Website" 10307:South Asian Politics and Religion 10279:Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 9923:. The News Minute. 4 October 2021 9815:"Now, Sikhs Do a Canada in Italy" 8504:"Art and Culture of the Diaspora" 8049: 7451:). In addition, there were Nais ( 7105:Nadeem, Reem (21 December 2022). 7085:Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum 6611:Adam, Michel (1 September 2013). 6346:from the original on 27 May 2023. 5558:"A Brief Introduction to Sikhism" 5182:"Religion – Full Detail: QS218NI" 5157:"Religion (detailed): All people" 4879:"A Brief Introduction to Sikhism" 4556:, marching with their scripture, 4242:.; former Indian cricket captain 4150:Notable Sikhs in science include 4113:, a factor in the success of the 4027:countries have been mistaken for 13295: 13294: 13286: 13097:Sikhs in the British Indian Army 11149:by Patwant Singh. Image (2001). 11023: 10997: 10976: 10958: 10935: 10904: 10874: 10768: 10738: 10707: 10673: 10639: 10608: 10582: 10570: 10542: 10516: 10487: 10454: 10378: 10313: 10298: 10232:. Chicago: Oxford. p. 109. 10219: 10196: 10173: 10150: 10106: 10092: 10048: 10030: 10012: 9993: 9969:Tandon, Aditi (27 August 2015). 9962: 9935: 9913: 9852: 9829: 9771: 9736: 9722: 9708: 9689: 9676: 9578: 9569: 9407: 9358: 9340: 9322: 9304: 9290: 9272: 9236: 9216: 9202: 9188: 9162: 9136: 9114: 9037: 9011: 8959: 8946: 8920: 8905: 8880: 8854: 8760: 8708: 8683: 8665: 8647: 8633: 8607: 8585: 8559: 8538: 8517: 8496: 8471: 8446: 8414: 8388: 8358: 8293: 8258: 8093: 8043: 7680: 7646: 7612: 7578: 7526: 7345: 7314: 7281: 7255: 7201: 6467:Religious Diversity in Singapore 6395:from the original on 24 May 2022 5889:. Brill Publishers. p. 75. 4751: 4618: 4599: 4584: 4564: 4545: 4394:Sikhs in the British Indian Army 4388:In the Indian and British armies 4261:, World Cup winning allrounder; 3707:, or elocution of Sikh Scripture 3641:migrated to India as well as to 3552: 3531: 3510: 3489: 3468: 3447: 3426: 3405: 3384: 3363: 3342: 3321: 3300: 3279: 3260: 3234: 2639: 2264:. Leading to the launch of the 2085:, the commander-in-chief of the 1336: 1309: 1225: 562: 516: 408: 54: 38: 13287: 12190: 12138:Contemporary Sant Mat movements 11062:Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 10853: 10353:Economic & Political Weekly 8914:Khalistan: An Academic Analysis 8861:Haresh Pandya (11 April 2007). 8818:Sikhism and Indian Civilization 8052:"The Language Divide in Punjab" 7751:. Abingdon-on-Thames, England: 7175: 7156: 7124: 7098: 7073: 7043: 7017: 6984: 6956: 6926: 6852: 6803: 6778: 6753: 6728: 6710: 6692: 6674: 6656: 6604: 6586: 6565: 6547: 6502: 6492:"Orang-orang Sikh di Indonesia" 6484: 6457: 6439: 6411: 6376: 6350: 6328: 6310: 6288: 6260: 6219: 6201: 6179: 6165: 6125: 6111: 6092: 6074: 6056: 6034: 6013: 5992: 5986: 5980: 5662: 5637: 5611: 5585: 5579: 5550: 5521: 5496: 5468: 5439: 5411: 5386: 5361: 5336: 5250: 5225: 5200: 5174: 5149: 5131: 5105: 5062: 5041: 4706: 4226:; his son, professional golfer 3577:2011–2021 change in Sikh % 3120: 3071:Air India Flight 182 was bombed 3022:Khalistan movement began as an 2248:to the west (modern Pakistan). 2224:were marked by conflict in the 1997:Samadhi of Emperor Ranjit Singh 13191:Sikhism and sexual orientation 10942:Rayment, Sean (24 June 2007). 10468:Office for National Statistics 9044:Punj, Balbair (16 June 2005). 8346:Pace, Eric (1 November 1984). 8146:The State of India's Democracy 7138:Office for National Statistics 6999:Gur Shabad Ratnakar Mahan Kosh 6383:Lawrence, Mary (22 May 2022). 6295:Lavin, Talia (26 April 2015). 5162:. National Records of Scotland 4996: 4978: 4932:"Guru Nanak Religious Society" 4924: 4900: 4871: 4842: 4817: 4100: 1791:, but later a large number of 1709:, the birthplace of Guru Nanak 1: 10132:Economic and Political Weekly 9718:. The Week. 12 November 2019. 8372:. The Tribune. Archived from 7327:. Penguin. pp. 168–169. 7310:– via Internet Archive. 7030:Pacific Affairs (UBC Journal) 6912:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 61–. 6760:Mann, Gurinder Singh (2001). 6573:"Sikh population in Pakistan" 5529:"Want to know about Sikhism?" 4806: 4438:, 5 COAS Unit Citations, two 4418:is one of the most-decorated 4274:Rajkavi Inderjeet Singh Tulsi 4023:and keep beards, Sikh men in 2190:oppose the partition of India 2137:for the next 90 years of the 2117:“Sikh Sardar”, photograph by 1552:Sikhs who have undergone the 1407:, based on the revelation of 77: 10803:in PBS' Nation, Jan. 6, 2023 9175:www.thehindubusinessline.com 9169:Singh, Dalip (15 May 2022). 8891:. Vision Books. p. 51. 6762:The Making of Sikh scripture 6406:inmiddels negen gurdwara's. 4811: 4732:; Sikh coins were minted in 4645:Sikhism in Jammu and Kashmir 4591:Indian Sikh soldiers in the 4230:; Indian wrestler and actor 3734:, fifth-largest religion in 3585: 3176:(138,000, 13.1 percent) and 2440:Opaque watercolour-on-paper 2182:Indian independence movement 2176:Partition and post-Partition 1716:(1469–1539), the founder of 1628:, a cotton undergarment; and 1604:, an iron or steel bracelet; 7: 13324:Ethno-cultural designations 11326: 10882:"History of Sikh Gallantry" 10442:. BBC News. 5 November 2006 9950:. Wap.business-standard.com 9862:. Dailyo.in. 27 August 2015 8715:Kinnvall, Catarina (2007). 8024:Ray, Jayanta Kumar (2007), 7946:Dhillon, Kirpal S. (2006). 7418:. Oxford University Press. 7296:. New York: Knopf. p. 6991:Nabha, Kahan Singh (1930). 6682:"UK Government Web Archive" 6517:. Brill. pp. 849–863. 5649:United States Census Bureau 5294:United States Census Bureau 5237:United States Census Bureau 5212:United States Census Bureau 5049:"Sikh Religion Census 2011" 4633: 4606:Sikh soldier with captured 4522:Second Battle of El Alamein 4003: 3769:. Most Sikhs belong to the 2569: 2320:being made into a shared a 1422: 1374: 1195:Sikhism and other religions 874: 865: 856: 10: 13355: 12551:British East India Company 10365:Dalits in Regional Context 9813:IANS (15 September 2004). 9792:10.1177/026858090602100331 8478:Srivastava, R. P. (1983). 8114:10.1177/004908571204200205 5419:"The Sikh Community Today" 5394:"Sikhism Reporter's Guide" 5013:"India People and Society" 4406:recruited from Nepal, the 4391: 4250:, India's most successful 4222:; former 400-metre runner 4136: 3703:A caucasian Sikh learning 3124: 3107:Dal Khalsa (International) 2999:) in the Punjab region of 2901:. The rebab was played by 2870: 2741: 2737: 2619: 2425: 2362:Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale 2049:, sovereign states called 1695: 1691: 1497:Male Sikhs generally have 1288:, Canadian Sikh politician 23:. For a similar word, see 18: 13334:Punjabi words and phrases 13284: 13246: 13017: 12977: 12963:Treaty of Amritsar (1846) 12943:Treaty of Amritsar (1809) 12935: 12909: 12892:Johann Martin Honigberger 12849: 12751:Chattar Singh Attariwalla 12643: 12636: 12600: 12528: 12502: 12470: 12437: 12404: 12361: 12253: 12244: 12198: 12153: 12030: 11774: 11652: 11584: 11466: 11416: 11347: 11334: 11074:10.1080/13537110590927845 11053:General and cited sources 10347:Puri, Harish K. (2003). " 10261:Khanna, Sunil K. (2004). 9732:. TOLOnews. 20 June 2016. 8930:. CBC News. 15 March 2018 8742:Crenshaw, Martha (1995). 8690:Nesbitt, Eleanor (2005). 8149:. JHU Press. p. 56. 7710:– via Google Books. 7687:Nesbitt, Eleanor (2005). 7585:Ballantyne, Tony (2006). 7547:10.1080/00856408708723379 7321:Richard M. Eaton (2019). 7267:BBC Religion & Ethics 7024:carolyn (17 March 2022). 6994:ਗੁਰ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਰਤਨਾਕਰ ਮਹਾਨ ਕੋਸ਼ 6523:10.1163/9789004432284_031 4776:lowly are cared for-there 4410:from Maharashtra and the 3809:(Kshatriyas – Warriors), 3753: 3669: 3253: 3227: 2867:Woman playing the dilruba 2366:Anandpur Sahib Resolution 2341:Anandpur Sahib Resolution 1366: 444: 439: 424: 419: 407: 402: 392: 382: 364: 354: 344: 334: 324: 314: 304: 294: 284: 274: 264: 254: 244: 234: 224: 214: 204: 194: 184: 174: 164: 154: 144: 134: 124: 114: 104: 99: 92: 87: 76: 71: 53: 37: 12953:Treaty of Chushul (1842) 12948:Tripartite Treaty (1838) 11103:10.1525/as.2009.49.6.975 10950:. London. Archived from 9046:"The Ghost of Khalistan" 8912:Singh, Satinder (1982). 7787:"The forgotten massacre" 7619:Cohn, Bernard S (1996). 7414:Singh, Pashaura (2006). 7352:Dhavan, Purnima (2011). 7131:ONS (11 December 2012). 6909:Sikhism: An Introduction 6865:Philosophy East and West 6828:10.18778/2300-0562.08.09 6086:U.S. Department of State 6068:U.S. Department of State 4690: 4471:Indian Rebellion of 1857 3908:Chhimba (cotton farmers) 3205:administrative divisions 3189:administrative divisions 3172:(234,000, 1.9 percent), 3168:(236,000, 2.3 percent), 3164:(570,000, 3.4 percent), 3160:(643,000, 0.3 percent), 2707:(divine order) from the 2463:Darbar Sahib, circa 1870 2184:, the Sikh ruler of the 1673:administrative divisions 12958:Treaty of Lahore (1846) 12836:Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana 11761:Samadhi of Ranjit Singh 11160:The Sikhs of the Punjab 10461:ONS (11 October 2004). 10325:Encyclopædia Britannica 10226:Oberoi, Harjot (1994). 9948:Business Standard India 9780:International Sociology 9746:. AA. 17 December 2019. 9698:Encyclopædia Britannica 9316:Business Standard India 7653:Oberoi, Harjot (1994). 7288:Singh, Patwant (2000). 7143:UK Statistics Authority 4961:Encyclopædia Britannica 4133:Sikhs in modern history 4115:Indian green revolution 3180:(86,000, 1.2 percent). 3056:Harchand Singh Longowal 2711:after awakening in the 2327:In the late 1960s, the 2156:to bring reform in the 2109:Sikh armour and weapons 1964:During the rule of the 678:Selected revered saints 536:question marks or boxes 65:Golden Temple, Amritsar 12791:Ajit Singh Sandhawalia 12776:Mangal Singh Ramgarhia 12766:Ranjodh Singh Majithia 12746:Sher Singh Attariwalla 12741:Sham Singh Attariwalla 12637:Officials and warriors 12546:Emirate of Afghanistan 12452:Battle of Chillianwala 11677:Darbar Sahib Kartarpur 11426:Beliefs and principles 10615:Government of Punjab. 10024:frontline.thehindu.com 9670:censusnepal.cbs.gov.np 8571:New Spotlight Magazine 8062:(1, Spring 1997). Apna 6626:10.4000/eastafrica.402 6543:– via brill.com. 5373:United States Congress 5318:"How Many U.S. Sikhs?" 4763:the Giver of all souls 4685:Turban training centre 4473:. By the beginning of 4432:Indian Orders of Merit 4408:Maratha Light Infantry 4378:In December 2022, the 4181:, is headed by Sikhs. 4016: 3708: 3679: 3678:A group of Sikh people 3578: 3146:Indian state of Punjab 3140: 2975: 2868: 2772: 2669: 2594: 2464: 2456: 2122: 2110: 2038: 2027: 2015: 2004: 1961: 1960:at its greatest extent 1710: 1648: 1636:, a small wooden comb. 1471: 1415:has its origin in the 1297: 1289: 1278: 1172:Jathedar of Akal Takht 524:This article contains 445:Predominantly Spoken: 13329:Ethnoreligious groups 13129:Fariduddin Ganjshakar 12872:François Henri Mouton 12862:Jean-Baptiste Ventura 12701:Khushal Singh Jamadar 12488:Panchayati Revolution 12484:Hill States–Sikh Wars 12439:Second Anglo-Sikh War 11751:Qila Mubarak, Patiala 10911:Pillarisetti, Jagan. 10714:JASPAL Group (2011). 9354:on 23 September 2015. 7722:"An undivided India?" 7269:. BBC. 29 August 2003 6511:"Hinduism in Belgium" 6187:"Portugal Fact Sheet" 5451:Religion News Service 4796:." Granth Sahib, 278. 4660:List of British Sikhs 4422:in the army, with 73 4164:Narinder Singh Kapany 4011: 3702: 3677: 3576: 3138: 2969: 2866: 2859:Music and instruments 2759: 2650: 2590:, in debate with the 2577: 2462: 2439: 2266:Punjabi Suba movement 2116: 2108: 2101:British rule in India 2063:Maharaja Ranjit Singh 2055:Jassa Singh Ahluwalia 2035:Max Arthur Macauliffe 2033: 2026:sowar's battle helmet 2021: 2010: 1994: 1955: 1707:Gurdwara Janam Asthan 1705: 1643: 1479:The Guru Granth Sahib 1295: 1284: 1273: 110:23,786,000–28,000,000 61:Maharaja Ranjit Singh 12910:Influential families 12867:Claude Auguste Court 12857:Jean-François Allard 12771:Surat Singh Majithia 12761:Lehna Singh Majithia 12566:Hill States Alliance 12419:Battle of Ferozeshah 12406:First Anglo-Sikh War 12126:Akhand Kirtani Jatha 12104:Piara Singh Bhaniara 11983:United Arab Emirates 11721:Hazuri Bagh Baradari 11451:Cannabis and Sikhism 11269:A Study of Religions 10954:on 18 November 2007. 10716:"About JASPAL Group" 10621:Government of Punjab 10203:Singh Khalsa, Sant. 10180:Singh Khalsa, Sant. 10157:Singh Khalsa, Sant. 10026:. 16 September 2015. 10020:"Behind the decline" 9901:on 27 September 2007 9767:on 17 November 2006. 9615:www.statsfiji.gov.fj 9531:on 23 September 2019 9398:2021 Canadian census 8815:Pruthi, Raj (2004). 8744:Terrorism in Context 6435:on 22 February 2023. 6426:acninternational.org 5678:2021 Canadian census 5188:on 16 September 2017 5118:www150.statcan.gc.ca 5015:. The World Factbook 4771:"In that place where 4503:Chanan Singh Dhillon 4340:and Parminder Gill. 4334:Namrata Singh Gujral 4238:, Ajitpal Singh and 4179:Ranbaxy Laboratories 4068:Sikh Youth Symposium 4041:September 11 attacks 3850:(Chamar – Tanners). 3840:(Cleaners) and the 3590:Sikh migration from 2428:Sikh art and culture 2397:Insurgency in Punjab 2360:in partnership with 2041:After defeating the 1531:India's caste system 1429:, meaning 'seeker', 1389:ethnoreligious group 1275:Harpreet Kaur Chandi 1202:Sikhism and Hinduism 196:United Arab Emirates 13201:Idolatry in Sikhism 13119:Nanakshahi calendar 13114:Sikh Light Infantry 12756:Amar Singh Majithia 12691:Mahan Singh Mirpuri 12482:, Katoch–Sikh War, 11037:on 13 December 2007 10892:on 27 February 2008 10886:The Daily Telegraph 10649:(8 February 2005). 10475:on 26 February 2008 10388:. 10 November 2019. 10061:www12.statcan.gc.ca 9981:on 21 February 2017 9444:www12.statcan.gc.ca 9268:. 10 November 2019. 9250:. 23 November 2019. 9212:. 30 November 2023. 9198:. 22 December 2021. 9124:. BBC. 4 March 2008 8776:– Mehtab Ali Shah " 8453:Sian, Katy (2013). 8434:on 24 February 2014 8402:on 14 December 2007 7111:Pew Research Center 6447:"National Profiles" 6342:. 3 February 2022. 6245:10.3390/rel11020076 6173:"National Profiles" 6099:Gokulan, Dhanusha. 6048:. 20 January 2023. 5971:Corriere Della Sera 5686:Pew Research Center 5597:Pew Research Center 5322:Pew Research Center 5092:www12.statcan.gc.ca 5037:. 22 December 2021. 4992:. 11 November 2019. 4516:were raised during 4479:British Indian Army 4213:Ajaypal Singh Banga 3600:British East Africa 3221: 3115:Sikhs outside India 3063:Operation Blue Star 3032:Jagjit Singh Chohan 2385:Operation Blue Star 2222:partition of Punjab 2198:Shiromani Akali Dal 2180:At the time of the 2135:British Indian Army 2121:taken circa 1848–49 2091:North-West Frontier 1888:('cotton-printers') 1686:Mandla v Dowell-Lee 1655:, having even been 1405:Indian subcontinent 1232:Religion portal 1212:Sikhism and Jainism 1162:Nanakshahi calendar 34: 13339:Religious identity 13102:11th Sikh Regiment 12917:Sandhawalia family 12831:Sultan Mahmud Khan 12816:Jarnail Ghaus Khan 12801:Sangat Singh Saini 12696:Dewan Mokham Chand 12571:Kingdom of Mankera 12447:Battle of Ramnagar 12391:Battle of Peshawar 12386:Battle of Nowshera 12263:Battle of Bhangani 11741:Nanak Shahi bricks 11644:Tav-Prasad Savaiye 11436:Sikh Rehat Maryada 11431:Guru Maneyo Granth 11011:on 6 December 2008 10661:on 3 February 2008 10555:The Economic Times 10355:38(26):2693–2701. 9420:censusindia.gov.in 9402:2011 Indian census 9318:. 13 January 2019. 9284:The Times of India 9229:The Times of India 9150:. 27 December 2017 9148:The Indian Express 9077:. 22 February 2018 8973:on 3 December 2006 8954:The New York Times 8867:The New York Times 8595:. World Gurudwaras 8376:on 29 January 2021 8352:The New York Times 7822:10.1007/BF00704966 7215:on 16 January 2010 7061:on 10 October 2008 6944:on 20 October 2023 6670:. 8 December 2020. 6559:The Times of India 6139:on 1 December 2011 6004:The Economic Times 5841:The Economic Times 5682:U.S. Census Bureau 5423:Harvard University 4990:The Times of India 4908:"Sikhs in America" 4675:Sikhism by country 4267:Navjot Singh Sidhu 4187:Onkar Singh Kanwar 4093:overturned a 1925 4053:Balbir Singh Sodhi 4051:gas station owner 4017: 3805:(Priestly class), 3709: 3680: 3639:Punjab of Pakistan 3635:Partition of India 3579: 3494: 3219: 3141: 3127:Sikhism by country 2980:Khalistan movement 2976: 2962:Khalistan movement 2897:was encouraged by 2869: 2773: 2673:Sikh Rahit Maryada 2595: 2465: 2457: 2402:During the day of 2351:righteous campaign 2228:between Sikhs and 2194:Chief Khalsa Dewan 2129:. During the 1857 2123: 2111: 2053:were formed under 2039: 2028: 2016: 2005: 1962: 1894:('water-carriers') 1848:(particularly the 1795:joined the faith. 1732:in the village of 1711: 1698:History of Sikhism 1657:ruled by the Sikhs 1649: 1592:, also known as a 1473:One Immortal Being 1298: 1290: 1279: 916:Sikh Rehat Maryada 883:Guru Maneyo Granth 32: 13306: 13305: 12987:Bandi Chhor Divas 12971: 12970: 12905: 12904: 12877:Alexander Gardner 12796:Kahan Singh Nakai 12781:Akali Phula Singh 12661:Diwan Bhawani Das 12498: 12497: 12429:Battle of Sobraon 12381:Battle of Shopian 11866:Jammu and Kashmir 11766:Well of Dina Nath 11594:Guru Granth Sahib 11407:Guru Granth Sahib 11402:Guru Gobind Singh 11397:Guru Tegh Bahadur 11277:978-93-82339-94-6 11263:978-81-7305-386-3 11233:978-81-89140-99-1 10966:Kennedy Trevaskis 10528:newstracklive.com 10373:978-81-7033-871-0 10363:. Republished in 10288:978-0-306-47754-6 9525:www.stats.govt.nz 8889:Tragedy of Punjab 8753:978-0-271-01015-1 8701:978-0-19-280601-7 8248:, pp. 32–33. 8207:978-81-7154-529-2 8156:978-0-8018-8791-8 8037:978-81-317-0834-7 7762:978-1-134-44048-1 7365:978-0-19987-717-1 7307:978-0-375-40728-4 6938:sikhinstitute.org 6919:978-0-85773-549-2 5625:. 23 October 2020 5264:. 9 February 2022 5262:Statistics Canada 4716:wrote letters to 4714:Guru Gobind Singh 4650:Ganga Sagar (urn) 4640:History of Punjab 4575:in France during 4558:Guru Granth Sahib 4530:Italian campaigns 4520:, serving in the 4499:Buckingham Palace 4495:Constitution Hill 4440:Param Vir Chakras 4430:, 21 first-class 4380:U.S. Marine Corps 4357:Surjit Bindrakhia 4244:Bishen Singh Bedi 4228:Jeev Milkha Singh 4211:was a Sikh named 4198:Bob Singh Dhillon 3571: 3570: 3170:Jammu and Kashmir 3067:Anti-Sikh Pogroms 3013:Jammu and Kashmir 2929:were composed as 2927:Guru Granth Sahib 2915:Guru Gobind Singh 2724:Guru Gobind Singh 2709:Guru Granth Sahib 2664:Guru Granth Sahib 2646:Guru Granth Sahib 2373:Grain Roko morcha 2270:Master Tara Singh 2206:Lahore Resolution 2202:Master Tara Singh 1982:Guru Tegh Bahadur 1750:Guru Gobind Singh 1372: 1268: 1267: 1207:Sikhism and Islam 1137:Nirgun and Sargun 1015:Guru Granth Sahib 664:Guru Granth Sahib 659:Guru Gobind Singh 654:Guru Tegh Bahadur 532:rendering support 512: 511: 426:Guru Granth Sahib 13346: 13298: 13297: 13290: 13289: 13226:Punjabi language 13186:Women in Sikhism 12726:Balbhadra Kunwar 12686:Hari Singh Nalwa 12676:Misr Diwan Chand 12666:Diwan Buta Singh 12641: 12640: 12581:Barakzai dynasty 12556:Kingdom of Nepal 12510:Sikh Khalsa Army 12462:Battle of Gujrat 12424:Battle of Aliwal 12396:Battle of Jamrud 12376:Battle of Multan 12371:Battle of Attock 12363:Afghan–Sikh wars 12255:Mughal-Sikh Wars 12251: 12250: 12185: 12178: 12171: 12162: 12161: 12042:Sects of Sikhism 12008:Northern Ireland 11736:Moti Bagh Palace 11711:Bahadurgarh Fort 11409:(Sikh holy book) 11392:Guru Har Krishan 11321: 11314: 11307: 11298: 11297: 11214:Glory of Sikhism 11201:Glory of Sikhism 11106: 11085: 11047: 11046: 11044: 11042: 11033:. Archived from 11027: 11021: 11020: 11018: 11016: 11007:. Archived from 11001: 10995: 10994: 10992: 10990: 10980: 10974: 10973: 10962: 10956: 10955: 10939: 10933: 10932: 10930: 10928: 10923:on 27 March 2008 10919:. Archived from 10908: 10902: 10901: 10899: 10897: 10878: 10872: 10871: 10869: 10867: 10851: 10842: 10841: 10813: 10804: 10798: 10792: 10791: 10789: 10787: 10782:. 24 August 2006 10772: 10766: 10765: 10763: 10761: 10742: 10736: 10735: 10733: 10731: 10726:on 17 April 2020 10722:. Archived from 10711: 10705: 10704: 10702: 10700: 10695:on 26 March 2009 10694: 10677: 10671: 10670: 10668: 10666: 10657:. Archived from 10643: 10637: 10636: 10634: 10632: 10627:on 10 March 2008 10623:. Archived from 10612: 10606: 10605: 10603: 10601: 10586: 10580: 10574: 10568: 10567: 10565: 10563: 10546: 10540: 10539: 10537: 10535: 10520: 10514: 10513: 10511: 10509: 10499: 10491: 10485: 10484: 10482: 10480: 10458: 10452: 10451: 10449: 10447: 10432: 10423: 10422: 10420: 10418: 10413:on 15 April 2008 10399: 10390: 10389: 10382: 10376: 10345: 10336: 10335: 10333: 10331: 10317: 10311: 10310: 10302: 10296: 10295: 10258: 10252: 10250: 10248: 10246: 10223: 10217: 10216: 10214: 10212: 10200: 10194: 10193: 10191: 10189: 10177: 10171: 10170: 10168: 10166: 10154: 10148: 10147: 10127: 10118: 10117: 10110: 10104: 10103: 10096: 10090: 10089: 10078: 10072: 10071: 10069: 10067: 10052: 10046: 10045: 10034: 10028: 10027: 10016: 10010: 10009: 9997: 9991: 9990: 9988: 9986: 9977:. Archived from 9966: 9960: 9959: 9957: 9955: 9939: 9933: 9932: 9930: 9928: 9917: 9911: 9910: 9908: 9906: 9900: 9889: 9881: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9867: 9856: 9850: 9849: 9847: 9845: 9833: 9827: 9826: 9824: 9822: 9810: 9804: 9803: 9775: 9769: 9768: 9754: 9748: 9747: 9740: 9734: 9733: 9726: 9720: 9719: 9712: 9706: 9705: 9693: 9687: 9680: 9674: 9673: 9662: 9656: 9655: 9653: 9651: 9637: 9631: 9630: 9628: 9626: 9621:on 17 April 2018 9617:. Archived from 9607: 9601: 9600: 9598: 9596: 9582: 9576: 9573: 9567: 9566: 9564: 9562: 9553:. Archived from 9547: 9541: 9540: 9538: 9536: 9527:. Archived from 9517: 9511: 9510: 9508: 9506: 9497: 9489: 9483: 9482: 9480: 9478: 9464: 9455: 9454: 9452: 9450: 9435: 9429: 9428: 9427:on 1 April 2022. 9423:. 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Archived from 8426: 8418: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8407: 8398:. Archived from 8392: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8381: 8362: 8356: 8355: 8343: 8337: 8336: 8324: 8318: 8317: 8297: 8291: 8290: 8262: 8256: 8255: 8243: 8234: 8233: 8221: 8212: 8211: 8193: 8187: 8186: 8174: 8168: 8167: 8165: 8163: 8140: 8134: 8133: 8097: 8091: 8090: 8078: 8072: 8071: 8069: 8067: 8050:Singh, Atamjit. 8047: 8041: 8040: 8021: 8010: 8009: 7997: 7986: 7985: 7973: 7964: 7963: 7943: 7937: 7936: 7924: 7918: 7917: 7905: 7899: 7898: 7886: 7880: 7879: 7867: 7861: 7860: 7848: 7842: 7841: 7805: 7799: 7798: 7782: 7776: 7775: 7744: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7728:. 29 August 2009 7718: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7707: 7684: 7678: 7677: 7675: 7673: 7650: 7644: 7643: 7641: 7639: 7616: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7605: 7582: 7576: 7575: 7557: 7551: 7550: 7530: 7524: 7523: 7520: 7517: 7514: 7510: 7507: 7504: 7500: 7497: 7494: 7490: 7487: 7484: 7480: 7477: 7474: 7470: 7467: 7464: 7460: 7457: 7454: 7450: 7447: 7444: 7440: 7437: 7434: 7411: 7370: 7369: 7349: 7343: 7342: 7318: 7312: 7311: 7295: 7285: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7274: 7259: 7253: 7252: 7235:Singh, Khushwant 7231: 7225: 7224: 7222: 7220: 7211:. Archived from 7205: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7194: 7179: 7173: 7172: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7151: 7149: 7128: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7117: 7102: 7096: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7077: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7057:. Archived from 7047: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7036: 7021: 7015: 7014: 7012: 7010: 7005:on 18 March 2005 6988: 6982: 6981: 6964:Singh, Khushwant 6960: 6954: 6953: 6951: 6949: 6940:. Archived from 6930: 6924: 6923: 6903: 6897: 6896: 6856: 6850: 6849: 6839: 6807: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6782: 6776: 6775: 6757: 6751: 6750: 6732: 6726: 6725: 6714: 6708: 6707: 6696: 6690: 6689: 6678: 6672: 6671: 6660: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6628: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6590: 6584: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6569: 6563: 6562: 6551: 6545: 6544: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6498:(in Indonesian). 6488: 6482: 6481: 6461: 6455: 6454: 6443: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6428:. Archived from 6423: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6402: 6400: 6380: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6364:. 14 August 2019 6362:timeskuwait.com/ 6354: 6348: 6347: 6332: 6326: 6325: 6314: 6308: 6307: 6292: 6286: 6285: 6280: 6278: 6264: 6258: 6257: 6247: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6205: 6199: 6198: 6183: 6177: 6176: 6169: 6163: 6162: 6155: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6144: 6135:. Archived from 6129: 6123: 6122: 6115: 6109: 6108: 6096: 6090: 6089: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6060: 6054: 6053: 6038: 6032: 6031: 6017: 6011: 6010: 5996: 5990: 5984: 5978: 5977: 5962: 5953: 5952: 5938: 5929: 5928: 5914: 5905: 5904: 5882: 5873: 5872: 5858: 5849: 5848: 5843:. 29 July 2018. 5833: 5824: 5823: 5808: 5799: 5798: 5784: 5775: 5774: 5760: 5751: 5750: 5736: 5727: 5726: 5712: 5703: 5666: 5660: 5659: 5657: 5655: 5641: 5635: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5615: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5589: 5583: 5577: 5576: 5571: 5569: 5554: 5548: 5547: 5542: 5540: 5525: 5519: 5518: 5513: 5511: 5500: 5494: 5493: 5488: 5486: 5472: 5466: 5465: 5460: 5458: 5453:. 10 August 2022 5443: 5437: 5436: 5431: 5429: 5415: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5390: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5365: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5340: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5314: 5305: 5304: 5302: 5300: 5291: 5283: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5178: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5161: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5083: 5066: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5045: 5039: 5038: 5031: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5009: 5000: 4994: 4993: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4970: 4968: 4952: 4946: 4945: 4940: 4938: 4928: 4922: 4921: 4916: 4914: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4892: 4890: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4863: 4861: 4846: 4840: 4839: 4834: 4832: 4821: 4800: 4755: 4749: 4730:Persian alphabet 4728:—written in the 4710: 4704: 4701: 4680:Sikhism in India 4670:Sects of Sikhism 4622: 4603: 4593:Italian campaign 4588: 4568: 4549: 4483:Victoria Crosses 4444:Maha Vir Chakras 4428:Victoria Crosses 4336:; and directors 4195: 4194:1.4 billion 4156:Piara Singh Gill 4081: 4055:was murdered in 3988:too. Apart from 3865:scheduled castes 3558: 3556: 3555: 3537: 3535: 3534: 3518:Northern Ireland 3516: 3514: 3513: 3495: 3493: 3492: 3474: 3472: 3471: 3453: 3451: 3450: 3432: 3430: 3429: 3411: 3409: 3408: 3390: 3388: 3387: 3369: 3367: 3366: 3348: 3346: 3345: 3327: 3325: 3324: 3306: 3304: 3303: 3285: 3283: 3282: 3270:(Rest of India) 3266: 3264: 3263: 3240: 3238: 3237: 3222: 3218: 3185:British Columbia 3178:Himachal Pradesh 3099:Khalsa Raj Party 3095:major insurgency 3009:Himachal Pradesh 2998: 2995: 2985: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2667: 2582:with companions 2390: 2378: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2339:put forward the 2329:Green Revolution 2307:and current day 2303:, the new state 2301:Himachal Pradesh 2204:, condemned the 2186:Kapurthala State 2087:Sikh Khalsa Army 2083:Hari Singh Nalwa 2024:Sikh Khalsa Army 1972:were martyred. ( 1912:('oil pressers") 1783: 1780: 1777: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1720:, was born in a 1645:Tarn Taran Sahib 1570: 1567: 1561: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1427: 1386: 1381: 1377: 1371:romanized: 1370: 1368: 1358: 1353: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1331: 1326: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1260: 1253: 1246: 1230: 1229: 1196: 1111: 1058: 1052: 1007: 909: 877: 868: 859: 841: 756:Bhagat Trilochan 726:Bhagat Parmanand 679: 649:Guru Har Krishan 607: 566: 543: 542: 520: 519: 486:Punjabi dialects 412: 82: 79: 72:Total population 58: 42: 35: 31: 13354: 13353: 13349: 13348: 13347: 13345: 13344: 13343: 13309: 13308: 13307: 13302: 13280: 13242: 13013: 12973: 12972: 12967: 12931: 12922:Majithia family 12901: 12882:Paolo Avitabile 12845: 12826:Fakir Azizuddin 12736:Mehta Basti Ram 12656:Diwan Dina Nath 12632: 12596: 12576:Namgyal dynasty 12524: 12503:Military forces 12494: 12466: 12457:Siege of Multan 12433: 12414:Battle of Mudki 12400: 12357: 12246: 12240: 12216:Nau Nihal Singh 12194: 12189: 12149: 12034:and communities 12033: 12026: 11770: 11756:Ramgarhia Bunga 11667:Harmandir Sahib 11648: 11580: 11462: 11458:Diet in Sikhism 11412: 11343: 11330: 11325: 11287: 11282: 11114: 11112:Further reading 11109: 11055: 11050: 11040: 11038: 11029: 11028: 11024: 11014: 11012: 11003: 11002: 10998: 10988: 10986: 10982: 10981: 10977: 10968:, Hugh (1928). 10963: 10959: 10940: 10936: 10926: 10924: 10909: 10905: 10895: 10893: 10880: 10879: 10875: 10865: 10863: 10852: 10845: 10830:10.2307/2760119 10818:Pacific Affairs 10814: 10807: 10799: 10795: 10785: 10783: 10774: 10773: 10769: 10759: 10757: 10744: 10743: 10739: 10729: 10727: 10712: 10708: 10698: 10696: 10688: 10678: 10674: 10664: 10662: 10644: 10640: 10630: 10628: 10613: 10609: 10599: 10597: 10588: 10587: 10583: 10575: 10571: 10561: 10559: 10548: 10547: 10543: 10533: 10531: 10522: 10521: 10517: 10507: 10505: 10497: 10493: 10492: 10488: 10478: 10476: 10459: 10455: 10445: 10443: 10434: 10433: 10426: 10416: 10414: 10401: 10400: 10393: 10384: 10383: 10379: 10346: 10339: 10329: 10327: 10319: 10318: 10314: 10303: 10299: 10289: 10281:. p. 777. 10277:. Vol. 2. 10267:Ember, Carol R. 10259: 10255: 10244: 10242: 10240: 10224: 10220: 10210: 10208: 10207:. Srigranth.org 10201: 10197: 10187: 10185: 10184:. Srigranth.org 10178: 10174: 10164: 10162: 10161:. Srigranth.org 10155: 10151: 10128: 10121: 10112: 10111: 10107: 10098: 10097: 10093: 10088:. 10 June 2020. 10080: 10079: 10075: 10065: 10063: 10053: 10049: 10036: 10035: 10031: 10018: 10017: 10013: 10006:American Turban 9998: 9994: 9984: 9982: 9967: 9963: 9953: 9951: 9940: 9936: 9926: 9924: 9919: 9918: 9914: 9904: 9902: 9898: 9887: 9883: 9882: 9875: 9865: 9863: 9858: 9857: 9853: 9843: 9841: 9834: 9830: 9820: 9818: 9811: 9807: 9776: 9772: 9755: 9751: 9742: 9741: 9737: 9728: 9727: 9723: 9714: 9713: 9709: 9695: 9694: 9690: 9681: 9677: 9664: 9663: 9659: 9649: 9647: 9639: 9638: 9634: 9624: 9622: 9609: 9608: 9604: 9594: 9592: 9584: 9583: 9579: 9574: 9570: 9560: 9558: 9557:on 17 June 2021 9549: 9548: 9544: 9534: 9532: 9519: 9518: 9514: 9504: 9502: 9495: 9491: 9490: 9486: 9476: 9474: 9466: 9465: 9458: 9448: 9446: 9436: 9432: 9413: 9412: 9408: 9395: 9391: 9381: 9379: 9375: 9368: 9364: 9363: 9359: 9346: 9345: 9341: 9328: 9327: 9323: 9310: 9309: 9305: 9296: 9295: 9291: 9278: 9277: 9273: 9260: 9259: 9255: 9242: 9241: 9237: 9222: 9221: 9217: 9208: 9207: 9203: 9194: 9193: 9189: 9179: 9177: 9167: 9163: 9153: 9151: 9142: 9141: 9137: 9127: 9125: 9120: 9119: 9115: 9105: 9103: 9101:Hindustan Times 9095: 9094: 9090: 9080: 9078: 9069: 9068: 9064: 9054: 9052: 9042: 9038: 9028: 9026: 9025:on 15 July 2011 9017: 9016: 9012: 9002: 9000: 8991: 8990: 8986: 8976: 8974: 8965: 8964: 8960: 8956:2 February 1986 8951: 8947: 8933: 8931: 8926: 8925: 8921: 8910: 8906: 8899: 8885: 8881: 8871: 8869: 8859: 8855: 8847: 8843: 8833: 8831: 8829: 8813: 8809: 8788: 8784: 8765: 8761: 8754: 8740: 8736: 8729: 8713: 8709: 8702: 8688: 8684: 8671: 8670: 8666: 8653: 8652: 8648: 8639: 8638: 8634: 8624: 8622: 8613: 8612: 8608: 8598: 8596: 8591: 8590: 8586: 8576: 8574: 8565: 8564: 8560: 8550: 8548: 8544: 8543: 8539: 8529: 8527: 8523: 8522: 8518: 8508: 8506: 8502: 8501: 8497: 8490: 8476: 8472: 8465: 8451: 8447: 8437: 8435: 8431: 8424: 8420: 8419: 8415: 8405: 8403: 8394: 8393: 8389: 8379: 8377: 8364: 8363: 8359: 8344: 8340: 8330: 8325: 8321: 8314: 8298: 8294: 8279:10.2307/2758827 8267:Pacific Affairs 8263: 8259: 8249: 8244: 8237: 8227: 8222: 8215: 8208: 8194: 8190: 8180: 8175: 8171: 8161: 8159: 8157: 8141: 8137: 8098: 8094: 8084: 8079: 8075: 8065: 8063: 8048: 8044: 8038: 8022: 8013: 8003: 7998: 7989: 7979: 7974: 7967: 7960: 7944: 7940: 7930: 7925: 7921: 7911: 7906: 7902: 7892: 7887: 7883: 7873: 7868: 7864: 7854: 7849: 7845: 7806: 7802: 7783: 7779: 7763: 7755:. p. 100. 7745: 7741: 7731: 7729: 7720: 7719: 7715: 7705: 7703: 7701: 7685: 7681: 7671: 7669: 7667: 7651: 7647: 7637: 7635: 7633: 7617: 7613: 7603: 7601: 7599: 7583: 7579: 7572: 7558: 7554: 7541:(s1): 155–165. 7531: 7527: 7518: 7515: 7512: 7508: 7505: 7502: 7498: 7495: 7492: 7488: 7485: 7482: 7478: 7475: 7472: 7468: 7466:cotton-printers 7465: 7462: 7458: 7455: 7452: 7448: 7445: 7442: 7438: 7435: 7432: 7426: 7412: 7373: 7366: 7350: 7346: 7335: 7319: 7315: 7308: 7286: 7282: 7272: 7270: 7261: 7260: 7256: 7249: 7232: 7228: 7218: 7216: 7207: 7206: 7202: 7192: 7190: 7181: 7180: 7176: 7161: 7157: 7147: 7145: 7129: 7125: 7115: 7113: 7103: 7099: 7089: 7087: 7079: 7078: 7074: 7064: 7062: 7049: 7048: 7044: 7034: 7032: 7022: 7018: 7008: 7006: 6989: 6985: 6978: 6961: 6957: 6947: 6945: 6932: 6931: 6927: 6920: 6904: 6900: 6877:10.2307/1398373 6857: 6853: 6808: 6804: 6794: 6792: 6784: 6783: 6779: 6772: 6758: 6754: 6747: 6733: 6729: 6716: 6715: 6711: 6698: 6697: 6693: 6680: 6679: 6675: 6662: 6661: 6657: 6647: 6645: 6609: 6605: 6592: 6591: 6587: 6577: 6575: 6571: 6570: 6566: 6553: 6552: 6548: 6533: 6507: 6503: 6490: 6489: 6485: 6478: 6462: 6458: 6451:www.thearda.com 6445: 6444: 6440: 6432: 6421: 6417: 6416: 6412: 6398: 6396: 6381: 6377: 6367: 6365: 6356: 6355: 6351: 6334: 6333: 6329: 6324:. 31 July 2019. 6316: 6315: 6311: 6301:Huffington Post 6293: 6289: 6276: 6274: 6266: 6265: 6261: 6224: 6220: 6207: 6206: 6202: 6185: 6184: 6180: 6171: 6170: 6166: 6157: 6156: 6152: 6142: 6140: 6131: 6130: 6126: 6117: 6116: 6112: 6097: 6093: 6080: 6079: 6075: 6062: 6061: 6057: 6040: 6039: 6035: 6019: 6018: 6014: 5998: 5997: 5993: 5987: 5981: 5965:Tebano, Elena. 5963: 5956: 5940: 5939: 5932: 5922:Hindustan Times 5916: 5915: 5908: 5897: 5883: 5876: 5860: 5859: 5852: 5835: 5834: 5827: 5810: 5809: 5802: 5786: 5785: 5778: 5762: 5761: 5754: 5738: 5737: 5730: 5714: 5713: 5706: 5700:Asian Americans 5667: 5663: 5653: 5651: 5643: 5642: 5638: 5628: 5626: 5617: 5616: 5612: 5602: 5600: 5591: 5590: 5586: 5580: 5567: 5565: 5556: 5555: 5551: 5538: 5536: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5509: 5507: 5502: 5501: 5497: 5484: 5482: 5474: 5473: 5469: 5456: 5454: 5445: 5444: 5440: 5427: 5425: 5417: 5416: 5412: 5402: 5400: 5392: 5391: 5387: 5377: 5375: 5367: 5366: 5362: 5352: 5350: 5342: 5341: 5337: 5327: 5325: 5324:. 6 August 2012 5316: 5315: 5308: 5298: 5296: 5289: 5285: 5284: 5277: 5267: 5265: 5256: 5255: 5251: 5241: 5239: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5216: 5214: 5206: 5205: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5180: 5179: 5175: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5137: 5136: 5132: 5122: 5120: 5110: 5106: 5096: 5094: 5084: 5069: 5063: 5053: 5051: 5047: 5046: 5042: 5033: 5032: 5028: 5018: 5016: 5011: 5010: 5003: 4997: 4984: 4983: 4979: 4966: 4964: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4936: 4934: 4930: 4929: 4925: 4912: 4910: 4906: 4905: 4901: 4888: 4886: 4877: 4876: 4872: 4859: 4857: 4848: 4847: 4843: 4830: 4828: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4803: 4799: 4791: 4785: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4779: 4770: 4769: 4767: 4766: 4756: 4752: 4711: 4707: 4702: 4698: 4693: 4636: 4629: 4623: 4614: 4604: 4595: 4589: 4580: 4569: 4560: 4554:First World War 4550: 4477:, Sikhs in the 4458:. Plans by the 4436:Theatre Honours 4396: 4390: 4353:Babu Singh Maan 4345:Sidhu Moosewala 4338:Gurinder Chadha 4322:Parminder Nagra 4298:Khushwant Singh 4248:Harbhajan Singh 4240:Balbir Singh Sr 4190: 4141: 4135: 4103: 4079: 4006: 3795:(Rural caste), 3756: 3672: 3588: 3553: 3551: 3532: 3530: 3511: 3509: 3490: 3488: 3469: 3467: 3448: 3446: 3427: 3425: 3406: 3404: 3385: 3383: 3364: 3362: 3343: 3341: 3322: 3320: 3301: 3299: 3280: 3278: 3261: 3259: 3235: 3233: 3213: 3133: 3125:Main articles: 3123: 2996: 2986: 2983: 2964: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2875: 2861: 2754: 2742:Main articles: 2740: 2715:before eating. 2693:the 10 Sawayyas 2668: 2657: 2642: 2622: 2572: 2551:The Singh Twins 2524:Harmandir Sahib 2454:Harmandir Sahib 2434: 2432:Punjabi culture 2426:Main articles: 2424: 2422:Art and culture 2416:K. R. Narayanan 2388: 2376: 2371:In May 1984, a 2353: 2350: 2347: 2322:union territory 2242:Punjabi Muslims 2178: 2103: 1876:('blacksmiths') 1781: 1778: 1775: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1700: 1694: 1682:ethno-religious 1568: 1562: 1559: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1536:sarbat da bhala 1526: 1523: 1520: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1489:, known as the 1466: 1464:code of conduct 1463: 1460: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1384:[sɪkkʰ] 1379: 1356: 1339: 1335: 1329: 1312: 1308: 1264: 1224: 1217: 1216: 1197: 1194: 1187: 1186: 1112: 1107: 1100: 1099: 1070:Harmandir Sahib 1060: 1056: 1050: 1042: 1041: 1009: 1005: 997: 996: 911: 907: 899: 898: 843: 839: 831: 830: 701:Bhagat Ramanand 681: 677: 669: 668: 609: 605: 541: 540: 539: 530:Without proper 521: 517: 496: 475: 432: 428: 140:280,000–500,000 80: 67: 49: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13352: 13342: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13304: 13303: 13285: 13282: 13281: 13279: 13278: 13273: 13268: 13263: 13258: 13252: 13250: 13244: 13243: 13241: 13240: 13235: 13234: 13233: 13223: 13218: 13208: 13203: 13198: 13193: 13188: 13183: 13178: 13173: 13172: 13171: 13161: 13156: 13151: 13146: 13141: 13136: 13131: 13126: 13121: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13105: 13104: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13023: 13021: 13015: 13014: 13012: 13011: 13006: 13005: 13004: 12994: 12989: 12983: 12981: 12975: 12974: 12969: 12968: 12966: 12965: 12960: 12955: 12950: 12945: 12939: 12937: 12933: 12932: 12930: 12929: 12924: 12919: 12913: 12911: 12907: 12906: 12903: 12902: 12900: 12899: 12897:Henry Lawrence 12894: 12889: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12853: 12851: 12847: 12846: 12844: 12843: 12841:Sohan Lal Suri 12838: 12833: 12828: 12823: 12818: 12813: 12808: 12803: 12798: 12793: 12788: 12783: 12778: 12773: 12768: 12763: 12758: 12753: 12748: 12743: 12738: 12733: 12728: 12723: 12718: 12713: 12708: 12703: 12698: 12693: 12688: 12683: 12678: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12658: 12653: 12647: 12645: 12638: 12634: 12633: 12631: 12630: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12610: 12604: 12602: 12598: 12597: 12595: 12594: 12592:Maqpon Dynasty 12589: 12583: 12578: 12573: 12568: 12563: 12558: 12553: 12548: 12543: 12541:Durrani Empire 12538: 12532: 12530: 12526: 12525: 12523: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12506: 12504: 12500: 12499: 12496: 12495: 12476:Nepal–Sikh War 12474: 12472: 12468: 12467: 12465: 12464: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12443: 12441: 12435: 12434: 12432: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12416: 12410: 12408: 12402: 12401: 12399: 12398: 12393: 12388: 12383: 12378: 12373: 12367: 12365: 12359: 12358: 12356: 12355: 12350: 12345: 12340: 12335: 12330: 12325: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12305: 12300: 12295: 12290: 12285: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12265: 12259: 12257: 12248: 12242: 12241: 12239: 12238: 12233: 12228: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12208: 12202: 12200: 12196: 12195: 12188: 12187: 12180: 12173: 12165: 12159: 12157: 12151: 12150: 12148: 12147: 12146: 12145: 12135: 12130: 12129: 12128: 12123: 12121:Damdami Taksal 12113: 12108: 12107: 12106: 12096: 12095: 12094: 12089: 12084: 12079: 12074: 12069: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12038: 12036: 12028: 12027: 12025: 12024: 12023: 12022: 12012: 12011: 12010: 12005: 12000: 11995: 11988:United Kingdom 11985: 11980: 11975: 11970: 11965: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11945: 11940: 11935: 11930: 11925: 11920: 11915: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11879: 11878: 11873: 11868: 11858: 11853: 11848: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11822: 11821: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11786: 11780: 11778: 11772: 11771: 11769: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11723: 11718: 11713: 11708: 11707: 11706: 11705: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11689: 11679: 11674: 11669: 11658: 11656: 11650: 11649: 11647: 11646: 11641: 11639:Sukhmani Sahib 11636: 11631: 11626: 11621: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11604:Sarbloh Granth 11601: 11596: 11590: 11588: 11582: 11581: 11579: 11578: 11573: 11568: 11563: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11543: 11538: 11533: 11528: 11523: 11518: 11513: 11508: 11503: 11498: 11493: 11488: 11483: 11481:Sikh practices 11478: 11472: 11470: 11464: 11463: 11461: 11460: 11455: 11454: 11453: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11428: 11422: 11420: 11414: 11413: 11411: 11410: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11389: 11384: 11382:Guru Hargobind 11379: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11353: 11351: 11345: 11344: 11335: 11332: 11331: 11324: 11323: 11316: 11309: 11301: 11295: 11294: 11286: 11285:External links 11283: 11281: 11280: 11266: 11252: 11236: 11222: 11198: 11184: 11171: 11157: 11144: 11130: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11107: 11097:(6): 975–997. 11086: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11048: 11022: 10996: 10975: 10957: 10934: 10917:Bharat Rakshak 10903: 10873: 10843: 10805: 10793: 10767: 10737: 10706: 10672: 10647:Ishtiaq, Ahmad 10638: 10607: 10596:. 27 June 2007 10581: 10569: 10541: 10515: 10486: 10453: 10424: 10391: 10377: 10337: 10312: 10297: 10287: 10253: 10239:978-0226615936 10238: 10218: 10195: 10172: 10149: 10119: 10105: 10091: 10073: 10047: 10029: 10011: 9992: 9961: 9934: 9912: 9873: 9851: 9828: 9805: 9786:(3): 474–476. 9770: 9749: 9735: 9721: 9707: 9688: 9675: 9657: 9641:"Irish census" 9632: 9602: 9577: 9568: 9542: 9512: 9484: 9472:www.ons.gov.uk 9456: 9430: 9406: 9389: 9357: 9339: 9321: 9303: 9300:. 12 May 2016. 9289: 9271: 9266:Indian Express 9253: 9248:Times of India 9235: 9215: 9201: 9187: 9161: 9135: 9113: 9088: 9062: 9036: 9010: 8999:on 5 June 2011 8984: 8958: 8945: 8919: 8904: 8897: 8879: 8853: 8851:, p. 976. 8841: 8827: 8807: 8782: 8759: 8752: 8734: 8727: 8707: 8700: 8682: 8664: 8646: 8632: 8606: 8584: 8558: 8537: 8516: 8495: 8488: 8470: 8463: 8445: 8413: 8387: 8357: 8338: 8329:, p. 226. 8319: 8313:978-0836456547 8312: 8292: 8257: 8235: 8226:, p. 143. 8213: 8206: 8188: 8169: 8155: 8135: 8108:(2): 229–247. 8092: 8083:, p. 205. 8073: 8042: 8036: 8011: 8002:, p. 189. 7987: 7978:, p. 426. 7965: 7958: 7938: 7929:, p. 188. 7919: 7900: 7881: 7872:, p. 186. 7862: 7853:, p. 392. 7843: 7800: 7777: 7761: 7739: 7713: 7699: 7679: 7665: 7645: 7631: 7611: 7597: 7577: 7570: 7552: 7525: 7476:water-carriers 7441:) and Lohars ( 7424: 7371: 7364: 7344: 7333: 7313: 7306: 7280: 7254: 7247: 7226: 7200: 7189:on 4 June 2011 7174: 7155: 7123: 7097: 7072: 7042: 7016: 6983: 6976: 6955: 6925: 6918: 6898: 6851: 6802: 6777: 6770: 6752: 6745: 6727: 6709: 6691: 6673: 6655: 6603: 6585: 6564: 6546: 6531: 6501: 6483: 6476: 6456: 6438: 6410: 6375: 6349: 6327: 6309: 6287: 6259: 6218: 6200: 6178: 6164: 6150: 6124: 6121:. 18 May 2016. 6110: 6091: 6088:. 2 June 2022. 6073: 6055: 6033: 6012: 5991: 5985: 5979: 5954: 5930: 5906: 5895: 5874: 5850: 5825: 5800: 5776: 5768:Pakistan Today 5752: 5744:Daily Pakistan 5728: 5704: 5691:Sikh Coalition 5661: 5636: 5610: 5599:. 19 July 2012 5584: 5578: 5549: 5520: 5495: 5467: 5438: 5410: 5398:Sikh Coalition 5385: 5360: 5348:Sikh Coalition 5335: 5306: 5275: 5249: 5224: 5199: 5173: 5148: 5143:www.ons.gov.uk 5130: 5104: 5067: 5061: 5040: 5026: 5001: 4995: 4977: 4947: 4923: 4899: 4870: 4841: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4759: 4750: 4705: 4695: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4630: 4624: 4617: 4615: 4605: 4598: 4596: 4590: 4583: 4581: 4570: 4563: 4561: 4551: 4544: 4491:Memorial Gates 4424:Battle Honours 4392:Main article: 4389: 4386: 4349:Diljit Dosanjh 4310:Poonam Dhillon 4294:Diljit Dosanjh 4263:Maninder Singh 4255:cricket bowler 4144:Manmohan Singh 4137:Main article: 4134: 4131: 4102: 4099: 4019:As Sikhs wear 4005: 4002: 3998:Punjabi Hindus 3822:(Ironsmiths), 3801:(Carpenters), 3755: 3752: 3685:socio-economic 3671: 3668: 3604:United Kingdom 3596:British Empire 3587: 3584: 3569: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3548: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3527: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3506: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3485: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3464: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3443: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3422: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3401: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3380: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3359: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3338: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3317: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3296: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3275: 3274: 3271: 3256: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3230: 3229: 3226: 3212: 3209: 3191:, behind only 3122: 3119: 3083:Damdami Taksal 3040:Anandpur Sahib 3028:New York Times 2963: 2960: 2935:Gurmat Sangeet 2899:Guru Hargobind 2893:. Playing the 2871:Main article: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2853: 2841: 2833: 2815: 2803: 2739: 2736: 2655: 2641: 2638: 2621: 2618: 2571: 2568: 2423: 2420: 2177: 2174: 2154:Akali movement 2143:colonial India 2102: 2099: 1968:in India, two 1935: 1934: 1929: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1907: 1901: 1895: 1889: 1883: 1877: 1871: 1870:('carpenters') 1865: 1843: 1833: 1807:Pashaura Singh 1746:Guru Arjan Dev 1736:, present-day 1696:Main article: 1693: 1690: 1688:case in 1982. 1638: 1637: 1629: 1621: 1605: 1597: 1563:initiation by 1544:welfare of all 1495: 1494: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1403:region of the 1391:who adhere to 1296:American Sikhs 1266: 1265: 1263: 1262: 1255: 1248: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1235: 1234: 1219: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1198: 1193: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1113: 1109:General topics 1106: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1080:Keshgarh Sahib 1077: 1072: 1067: 1061: 1048: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1032: 1029:Sarbloh Granth 1025: 1018: 1010: 1003: 1002: 999: 998: 995: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 912: 905: 904: 901: 900: 897: 896: 891: 886: 879: 870: 861: 852: 844: 837: 836: 833: 832: 829: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 721:Bhagat Bhikhan 718: 716:Bhagat Sadhana 713: 708: 703: 698: 693: 691:Bhagat Ravidas 688: 682: 675: 674: 671: 670: 667: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 639:Guru Hargobind 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 610: 603: 602: 599: 598: 597: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 568: 567: 559: 558: 552: 551: 534:, you may see 522: 515: 514: 513: 510: 509: 508: 507: 479: 449:Modern Punjabi 446: 442: 441: 437: 436: 434:Sarbloh Granth 422: 421: 417: 416: 405: 404: 400: 399: 396: 390: 389: 386: 380: 379: 368: 362: 361: 358: 352: 351: 348: 342: 341: 338: 332: 331: 328: 322: 321: 318: 312: 311: 308: 302: 301: 298: 292: 291: 288: 282: 281: 278: 272: 271: 268: 262: 261: 258: 252: 251: 248: 242: 241: 238: 232: 231: 228: 222: 221: 218: 212: 211: 208: 202: 201: 198: 192: 191: 188: 182: 181: 178: 172: 171: 168: 162: 161: 158: 152: 151: 148: 142: 141: 138: 132: 131: 128: 126:United Kingdom 122: 121: 118: 112: 111: 108: 102: 101: 97: 96: 90: 89: 85: 84: 74: 73: 69: 68: 59: 51: 50: 43: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13351: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13316: 13314: 13301: 13293: 13283: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13269: 13267: 13266:Kesgarh Sahib 13264: 13262: 13261:Damdama Sahib 13259: 13257: 13254: 13253: 13251: 13249: 13245: 13239: 13236: 13231: 13227: 13224: 13222: 13219: 13217: 13214: 13213: 13212: 13209: 13207: 13204: 13202: 13199: 13197: 13194: 13192: 13189: 13187: 13184: 13182: 13179: 13177: 13174: 13170: 13167: 13166: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13157: 13155: 13152: 13150: 13147: 13145: 13142: 13140: 13137: 13135: 13132: 13130: 13127: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13109:Sikh Regiment 13107: 13103: 13100: 13099: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13028: 13025: 13024: 13022: 13020: 13016: 13010: 13007: 13003: 13000: 12999: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12984: 12982: 12980: 12976: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12949: 12946: 12944: 12941: 12940: 12938: 12934: 12928: 12927:Tiwana family 12925: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12914: 12912: 12908: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12887:Josiah Harlan 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12854: 12852: 12848: 12842: 12839: 12837: 12834: 12832: 12829: 12827: 12824: 12822: 12819: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12809: 12807: 12804: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12792: 12789: 12787: 12784: 12782: 12779: 12777: 12774: 12772: 12769: 12767: 12764: 12762: 12759: 12757: 12754: 12752: 12749: 12747: 12744: 12742: 12739: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12731:Jawahar Singh 12729: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12706:Zorawar Singh 12704: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12677: 12674: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12648: 12646: 12642: 12639: 12635: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12618:Harkishangarh 12616: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12605: 12603: 12599: 12593: 12590: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12559: 12557: 12554: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12536:Mughal Empire 12534: 12533: 12531: 12527: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12507: 12505: 12501: 12493: 12489: 12485: 12481: 12480:Sino-Sikh war 12477: 12473: 12469: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12444: 12442: 12440: 12436: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12415: 12412: 12411: 12409: 12407: 12403: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12368: 12366: 12364: 12360: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12348:Gurdas Nangal 12346: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12336: 12334: 12331: 12329: 12326: 12324: 12323:Chappar Chiri 12321: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12306: 12304: 12301: 12299: 12296: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12260: 12258: 12256: 12252: 12249: 12243: 12237: 12234: 12232: 12229: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12207: 12204: 12203: 12201: 12197: 12193: 12186: 12181: 12179: 12174: 12172: 12167: 12166: 12163: 12158: 12156: 12152: 12144: 12141: 12140: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12118: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12111:Agrahari Sikh 12109: 12105: 12102: 12101: 12100: 12097: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12044: 12043: 12040: 12039: 12037: 12035: 12032:Groups, sects 12029: 12021: 12020:U.S. Military 12018: 12017: 12016: 12015:United States 12013: 12009: 12006: 12004: 12001: 11999: 11996: 11994: 11991: 11990: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11979: 11976: 11974: 11971: 11969: 11966: 11964: 11961: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11941: 11939: 11936: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11926: 11924: 11921: 11919: 11916: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11867: 11864: 11863: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11820: 11817: 11816: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11790: 11787: 11785: 11782: 11781: 11779: 11777: 11773: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11731:Khanda museum 11729: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11703: 11702:North America 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11684: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11664: 11663: 11660: 11659: 11657: 11655: 11651: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11592: 11591: 11589: 11587: 11583: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11531:Three Pillars 11529: 11527: 11526:Antam Sanskar 11524: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11516:Amrit Sanchar 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11473: 11471: 11469: 11465: 11459: 11456: 11452: 11449: 11448: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11441:The 52 Hukams 11439: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11423: 11421: 11419: 11415: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11367:Guru Amar Das 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11354: 11352: 11350: 11346: 11342: 11338: 11333: 11329: 11322: 11317: 11315: 11310: 11308: 11303: 11302: 11299: 11292: 11289: 11288: 11278: 11274: 11270: 11267: 11264: 11260: 11256: 11253: 11250: 11249:0-226-61592-8 11246: 11242: 11241: 11237: 11234: 11230: 11226: 11223: 11220: 11216: 11215: 11210: 11206: 11202: 11199: 11196: 11195:0-8153-2985-7 11192: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11182:0-231-06815-8 11179: 11175: 11172: 11169: 11168:0-521-63764-3 11165: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11155:0-385-50206-0 11152: 11148: 11145: 11142: 11141:0-19-567308-5 11138: 11134: 11131: 11128: 11127:81-900650-2-5 11124: 11120: 11117: 11116: 11104: 11100: 11096: 11092: 11087: 11083: 11079: 11075: 11071: 11067: 11063: 11058: 11057: 11036: 11032: 11026: 11010: 11006: 11000: 10985: 10979: 10971: 10967: 10961: 10953: 10949: 10948:The Telegraph 10945: 10938: 10922: 10918: 10914: 10907: 10891: 10887: 10883: 10877: 10861: 10857: 10850: 10848: 10839: 10835: 10831: 10827: 10823: 10819: 10812: 10810: 10802: 10797: 10781: 10777: 10771: 10756:on 5 May 2008 10755: 10751: 10747: 10741: 10725: 10721: 10717: 10710: 10692: 10687: 10683: 10676: 10660: 10656: 10652: 10648: 10642: 10626: 10622: 10618: 10611: 10595: 10591: 10585: 10578: 10573: 10558:. 18 May 2019 10557: 10556: 10551: 10545: 10530:. 19 May 2019 10529: 10525: 10519: 10503: 10496: 10490: 10474: 10470: 10469: 10464: 10457: 10441: 10437: 10431: 10429: 10412: 10408: 10404: 10398: 10396: 10387: 10381: 10374: 10370: 10366: 10362: 10358: 10354: 10350: 10344: 10342: 10326: 10322: 10316: 10308: 10301: 10294: 10290: 10284: 10280: 10276: 10272: 10271:Ember, Melvin 10268: 10264: 10257: 10241: 10235: 10231: 10230: 10222: 10206: 10199: 10183: 10176: 10160: 10153: 10145: 10141: 10137: 10133: 10126: 10124: 10115: 10109: 10101: 10095: 10087: 10083: 10077: 10062: 10058: 10051: 10043: 10042:www.dailyo.in 10039: 10033: 10025: 10021: 10015: 10007: 10003: 9996: 9980: 9976: 9975:Tribune India 9972: 9965: 9949: 9945: 9938: 9922: 9916: 9897: 9893: 9886: 9880: 9878: 9861: 9855: 9840:. NRIinternet 9839: 9832: 9817:. NRIinternet 9816: 9809: 9801: 9797: 9793: 9789: 9785: 9781: 9774: 9766: 9762: 9761: 9753: 9745: 9739: 9731: 9725: 9717: 9711: 9703: 9699: 9692: 9685: 9679: 9671: 9667: 9661: 9646: 9642: 9636: 9620: 9616: 9612: 9606: 9591: 9587: 9581: 9572: 9556: 9552: 9546: 9530: 9526: 9522: 9516: 9501: 9494: 9488: 9473: 9469: 9463: 9461: 9445: 9441: 9434: 9426: 9422: 9421: 9416: 9410: 9403: 9399: 9393: 9374: 9367: 9361: 9353: 9349: 9343: 9335: 9331: 9325: 9317: 9313: 9307: 9299: 9293: 9285: 9281: 9275: 9267: 9263: 9257: 9249: 9245: 9239: 9231: 9230: 9225: 9219: 9211: 9205: 9197: 9191: 9176: 9172: 9165: 9149: 9145: 9139: 9123: 9117: 9102: 9098: 9092: 9076: 9072: 9066: 9051: 9047: 9040: 9024: 9020: 9014: 8998: 8994: 8988: 8972: 8968: 8962: 8955: 8949: 8942: 8929: 8923: 8915: 8908: 8900: 8898:1-85127-069-8 8894: 8890: 8883: 8868: 8864: 8857: 8850: 8849:Van Dyke 2009 8845: 8830: 8828:9788171418794 8824: 8820: 8819: 8811: 8804: 8799: 8798:0-8122-1743-8 8795: 8791: 8786: 8779: 8775: 8774:1-86064-169-5 8771: 8768: 8763: 8755: 8749: 8745: 8738: 8730: 8728:9781134135707 8724: 8721:. Routledge. 8720: 8719: 8711: 8703: 8697: 8693: 8686: 8678: 8674: 8668: 8660: 8656: 8650: 8642: 8636: 8621:. p. 305 8620: 8616: 8610: 8594: 8588: 8572: 8568: 8562: 8547: 8541: 8526: 8520: 8505: 8499: 8491: 8489:9788170171744 8485: 8481: 8474: 8466: 8464:9780739178744 8460: 8456: 8449: 8430: 8423: 8417: 8401: 8397: 8391: 8375: 8371: 8370:Tribune India 8367: 8361: 8354:. p. 24. 8353: 8349: 8342: 8334: 8328: 8323: 8315: 8309: 8305: 8304: 8296: 8288: 8284: 8280: 8276: 8272: 8268: 8261: 8253: 8247: 8242: 8240: 8231: 8225: 8220: 8218: 8209: 8203: 8199: 8192: 8184: 8179:, p. 30. 8178: 8173: 8158: 8152: 8148: 8147: 8139: 8131: 8127: 8123: 8119: 8115: 8111: 8107: 8103: 8102:Social Change 8096: 8088: 8082: 8077: 8061: 8057: 8053: 8046: 8039: 8033: 8029: 8028: 8020: 8018: 8016: 8007: 8001: 7996: 7994: 7992: 7983: 7977: 7972: 7970: 7961: 7959:9780143100362 7955: 7951: 7950: 7942: 7934: 7928: 7923: 7915: 7910:, p. 96. 7909: 7904: 7896: 7891:, p. 93. 7890: 7885: 7877: 7871: 7866: 7858: 7852: 7847: 7839: 7835: 7831: 7827: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7811: 7804: 7797: 7792: 7788: 7781: 7774: 7771: 7764: 7758: 7754: 7750: 7743: 7727: 7723: 7717: 7702: 7700:0-19-280601-7 7696: 7692: 7691: 7683: 7668: 7666:9780226615929 7662: 7658: 7657: 7649: 7634: 7628: 7624: 7623: 7615: 7600: 7594: 7590: 7589: 7581: 7573: 7571:0-19-566111-7 7567: 7563: 7556: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7536: 7529: 7522: 7461:), Chhimbas ( 7427: 7425:9780199087808 7421: 7417: 7410: 7408: 7406: 7404: 7402: 7400: 7398: 7396: 7394: 7392: 7390: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7378: 7376: 7367: 7361: 7357: 7356: 7348: 7341: 7336: 7334:9780141966557 7330: 7326: 7325: 7317: 7309: 7303: 7299: 7294: 7293: 7284: 7268: 7264: 7258: 7250: 7248:0-19-567747-1 7244: 7240: 7236: 7230: 7214: 7210: 7204: 7188: 7184: 7178: 7170: 7166: 7159: 7144: 7140: 7139: 7134: 7127: 7112: 7108: 7101: 7086: 7082: 7076: 7060: 7056: 7052: 7046: 7031: 7027: 7020: 7004: 7000: 6996: 6995: 6987: 6979: 6977:0-19-567747-1 6973: 6969: 6965: 6959: 6943: 6939: 6935: 6929: 6921: 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6069: 6065: 6059: 6052: 6047: 6043: 6037: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6016: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5995: 5989: 5983: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5961: 5959: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5937: 5935: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5913: 5911: 5903: 5898: 5896:9789004254756 5892: 5888: 5881: 5879: 5871: 5867: 5866:Global Indian 5863: 5857: 5855: 5847: 5842: 5838: 5832: 5830: 5822: 5817: 5813: 5807: 5805: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5783: 5781: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5759: 5757: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5735: 5733: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5711: 5709: 5701: 5696: 5692: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5665: 5650: 5646: 5640: 5624: 5620: 5614: 5598: 5594: 5588: 5582: 5575: 5563: 5559: 5553: 5546: 5535:. 23 May 2022 5534: 5530: 5524: 5517: 5505: 5499: 5492: 5481: 5477: 5471: 5464: 5452: 5448: 5442: 5435: 5424: 5420: 5414: 5399: 5395: 5389: 5374: 5370: 5364: 5349: 5345: 5344:"About Sikhs" 5339: 5323: 5319: 5313: 5311: 5295: 5288: 5282: 5280: 5263: 5259: 5253: 5238: 5234: 5228: 5213: 5209: 5203: 5187: 5183: 5177: 5158: 5152: 5144: 5140: 5134: 5119: 5115: 5108: 5093: 5089: 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4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4270: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4236:Sandeep Singh 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4220:Monty Panesar 4216: 4214: 4210: 4207: 4204:billionaire. 4203: 4202:Indo-Canadian 4200:is the first 4199: 4193: 4188: 4185:is headed by 4184: 4180: 4176: 4171: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4145: 4140: 4139:List of Sikhs 4130: 4127: 4126:Vandana Shiva 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4111:Ishtiaq Ahmad 4108: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4083: 4077: 4071: 4069: 4064: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4049:Sikh-American 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4014: 4010: 4001: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3990:Sindhi Hindus 3987: 3983: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3849: 3848: 3843: 3839: 3838: 3833: 3832: 3828:(Merchants), 3827: 3826: 3821: 3819: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3799: 3794: 3790: 3789: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3763: 3761: 3751: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3706: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3690: 3686: 3676: 3667: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3652:Reggio Emilia 3647: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3592:British India 3583: 3575: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3550: 3549: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3508: 3507: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3403: 3402: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3319: 3318: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3298: 3297: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3277: 3276: 3272: 3269: 3258: 3257: 3250: 3247: 3243: 3232: 3231: 3224: 3223: 3217: 3208: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3158:Uttar Pradesh 3155: 3151: 3147: 3137: 3132: 3131:Punjabi Sikhs 3128: 3118: 3116: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3087:Sarbat Khalsa 3084: 3080: 3076: 3075:Babbar Khalsa 3072: 3068: 3064: 3059: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3036:Sikh diaspora 3033: 3030:by an expat ( 3029: 3025: 3020: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2994: 2990: 2981: 2973: 2968: 2959: 2957: 2943: 2942:Ranjit nagara 2938: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2921:, all of the 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2874: 2865: 2856: 2851: 2847: 2846: 2842: 2839: 2838: 2834: 2831: 2830: 2825: 2821: 2820: 2816: 2813: 2809: 2808: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2795: 2794: 2790: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2775:The five Ks ( 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2735: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2716: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2665: 2661: 2658:Fourth Mehl ( 2654: 2649: 2647: 2640:Daily routine 2637: 2635: 2631: 2630:Mount Kailash 2627: 2617: 2615: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2599:Kangra school 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2576: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2552: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2461: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2419: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2393:Golden Temple 2386: 2382: 2381:Indira Gandhi 2374: 2369: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2344: 2342: 2338: 2333: 2330: 2325: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2290:Golden Temple 2287: 2283: 2279: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2249: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2165: 2159: 2155: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2131:Indian mutiny 2128: 2120: 2115: 2107: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2036: 2032: 2025: 2020: 2014: 2013:Golden Temple 2009: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1966:Mughal Empire 1959: 1954: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1900:('washermen') 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838:(such as the 1837: 1834: 1831: 1830: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1813: 1808: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1785: 1773: 1772: 1757: 1756: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1738:Nankana Sahib 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1646: 1642: 1635: 1634: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1610: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1586: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1566: 1557: 1556: 1555:Amrit Sanchar 1550: 1538: 1537: 1532: 1518: 1517: 1502: 1501: 1492: 1491:Amrit Sanchar 1488: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1458: 1457: 1456:Rehat Maryada 1450: 1428: 1426: 1425: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1385: 1376: 1364: 1360: 1359: 1351: 1333: 1332: 1324: 1306: 1302: 1294: 1287: 1286:Jagmeet Singh 1283: 1276: 1272: 1261: 1256: 1254: 1249: 1247: 1242: 1241: 1239: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1220: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1191: 1190: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1110: 1104: 1103: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1085:Damdama Sahib 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1059: 1053: 1046: 1045: 1038: 1037: 1033: 1031: 1030: 1026: 1024: 1023: 1019: 1017: 1016: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1001: 1000: 993: 992:Antam Sanskar 990: 988: 985: 983: 982:Amrit Sanskar 980: 978: 975: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 913: 910: 903: 902: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 884: 880: 878: 876: 871: 869: 867: 862: 860: 858: 853: 851: 850: 846: 845: 842: 835: 834: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 801:Bhatt Mathura 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 786:Bhatt Harbans 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 761:Bhatt Kalshar 759: 757: 754: 752: 751:Bhagat Jaidev 749: 747: 746:Bhagat Surdas 744: 742: 739: 737: 736:Bhagat Dhanna 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 711:Bhagat Namdev 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 683: 680: 673: 672: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 624:Guru Amar Das 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 611: 608: 601: 600: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 571: 570: 569: 565: 561: 560: 557: 554: 553: 549: 545: 544: 537: 533: 529: 527: 505: 501: 498: 497: 495: 491: 487: 483: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 443: 438: 435: 431: 427: 423: 418: 415: 411: 406: 401: 397: 395: 391: 387: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 367: 363: 359: 357: 353: 349: 347: 343: 340:10,000–15,000 339: 337: 333: 329: 327: 323: 319: 317: 313: 309: 307: 303: 299: 297: 293: 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Retrieved 4819: 4793: 4792: 4787: 4786: 4775: 4772: 4762: 4760: 4753: 4708: 4699: 4665:Mazhabi Sikh 4627:World War II 4612:Nazi Germany 4540:cemeteries. 4538:Commonwealth 4518:World War II 4507: 4487:George Cross 4468: 4412:Jat Regiment 4397: 4384: 4377: 4342: 4306:Simran Judge 4300:; actresses 4282:Jagjit Singh 4271: 4259:Yuvraj Singh 4224:Milkha Singh 4217: 4206:Mastercard's 4183:Apollo Tyres 4172: 4160:fibre-optics 4149: 4142: 4104: 4084: 4072: 4065: 4018: 4013:Nagar kirtan 3986:Nanakpanthis 3979: 3873: 3859: 3852: 3846: 3835: 3830: 3824: 3817: 3811: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3764: 3757: 3728:Indian Sikhs 3710: 3694: 3689:Indian Sikhs 3681: 3664:horticulture 3648: 3632: 3589: 3580: 3228:Latest data 3214: 3182: 3142: 3121:Demographics 3111: 3090: 3060: 3027: 3021: 2977: 2956:Nishan Sahib 2949:victory drum 2941: 2939: 2910: 2903:Bhai Mardana 2889:, jori, and 2876: 2855: 2849: 2843: 2835: 2827: 2823: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2797: 2791: 2780: 2776: 2774: 2717: 2670: 2663: 2660:Guru Ram Das 2651: 2643: 2623: 2611: 2596: 2584:Bhai Mardana 2578:Painting of 2566: 2555: 2547: 2539:Hola Mohalla 2532: 2516: 2500:Ranjit Singh 2489: 2481:United Sikhs 2473:architecture 2466: 2401: 2372: 2370: 2345: 2334: 2326: 2298: 2274: 2250: 2179: 2161: 2151: 2124: 2040: 1963: 1936: 1827: 1810: 1805: 1786: 1769: 1763:beloved five 1753: 1712: 1678:ethnic group 1650: 1632: 1623: 1617: 1613: 1607: 1600: 1584: 1553: 1551: 1534: 1514: 1498: 1496: 1455: 1451: 1420: 1412: 1397:15th century 1304: 1300: 1299: 1034: 1027: 1022:Dasam Granth 1020: 1013: 921:Prohibitions 894:Five Virtues 889:Five Thieves 881: 875:Charhdi Kalā 847: 781:Bhatt Gayand 696:Bhagat Farid 686:Bhagat Kabir 644:Guru Har Rai 629:Guru Ram Das 573: 523: 492:script) and 477:Historical: 476: 430:Dasam Granth 186:Saudi Arabia 81: 25–30 29: 13276:Patna Sahib 13271:Hazur Sahib 12806:Hukma Singh 12721:Gulab Singh 12651:Dhian Singh 12623:Lahore Fort 12613:Multan Fort 12608:Jamrud Fort 12561:Qing Empire 12529:Adversaries 12515:Fauj-i-Khas 12192:Sikh Empire 12155:Sikh Empire 12133:Singh Sabha 12062:Nanakpanthi 11973:Switzerland 11963:South Korea 11923:New Zealand 11918:Netherlands 11789:Afghanistan 11619:Japji Sahib 11551:The Five Ks 11546:Vand Chhako 11511:Anand Karaj 11068:: 125–156. 10655:Daily Times 10330:26 December 10066:8 September 9696:"Sikhism". 9477:29 November 8438:20 November 8327:Grewal 1998 8081:Grewal 1998 8000:Grewal 1998 7927:Grewal 1998 7870:Grewal 1998 7481:), Dhobis ( 7446:blacksmiths 7219:10 February 7148:24 November 6837:11089/38783 6822:: 167–182. 6790:India Today 6648:4 September 6273:(in German) 5674:2020 census 5670:U.S. Census 5019:15 February 4746:Sikh Empire 4577:World War I 4475:World War I 4462:for a Sikh 4456:Arjan Singh 4452:Vir Chakras 4400:Indian Army 4365:Karan Aujla 4302:Neetu Singh 4168:Simon Singh 4107:agriculture 4101:Agriculture 3894:, Bawaria, 3834:(Potters), 3785:(Brewers), 3740:New Zealand 3724:New Zealand 3660:agriculture 3643:Afghanistan 3616:East Africa 3350:New Zealand 3251:16,004,754 3166:Uttarakhand 3052:Congress(I) 2919:Japji Sahib 2777:panj kakaar 2744:The Five Ks 2685:Japji Sahib 2679:Amritdhari 2614:Janamsakhis 2607:Guler State 2603:Kangra Fort 2490:During the 2442:Nakashi art 2412:Canada Post 2246:East Punjab 2238:West Punjab 2147:Singh Sabha 2139:British Raj 2119:John McCosh 2095:Khyber Pass 2059:Sikh Empire 1958:Sikh Empire 1906:('potters') 1882:('barbers') 1817:Bhai Gurdas 1730:Mata Tripta 1616:strap or a 1411:. 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In the 4967:6 October 4956:"Sikhism" 4812:Citations 4722:Zafarnama 4718:Aurangzeb 4510:Gallipoli 4420:regiments 4361:Ammy Virk 4326:Gul Panag 4318:Esha Deol 4314:Mahi Gill 4123:physicist 4035:, and/or 3960:Ramgharia 3910:, Darzi, 3867:. 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