875:
899:
697:
392:
1203:
agencies at the federal and state level have rules and procedures that discriminate against
Scientology as a group and against its members. Four of the major political parties (the Christian Democratic Union, Christian Social Union, Social Democratic Party, and Free Democratic Party) ban Scientologists from party membership. Scientologists reported instances of governmental discrimination. Although courts at the state and federal level condemned the improper use of so-called 'sect filters' to blacklist and boycott Scientologists, they remained in use in the public sector. 'Sect filters' typically asked potential new employees to confirm in writing that they had no contact with Scientology, did not participate in its training courses, and rejected its doctrines. Catholic and Protestant churches continued to oppose Scientology publically [
660:, for example, should be restricted to Scientologists, and they asserted that the Scientology organization was taking systematic steps to infiltrate society and government institutions in order to prevent anti-Scientology legislation. Opposing counsel acting for the Church of Scientology had contended that Scientology was non-political, its aims were the liberation of the human being, and that Hubbard's instructions were valid only within the Church of Scientology and were subject to interpretation, and at any rate there was no effort to implement these instructions in Germany. The court disagreed and ruled that many sources, some of them not accessible to the general public, indicated that the aims of the Church of Scientology did include the abrogation of the principle of equality and other essential human rights.
196:
491:" information in such a way as to shape opinion have long been more important than the underlying realities. In Schön's words, this includes both the "efforts of German politicians to enhance their popularity with strong-worded statements" and "Scientology's efforts to present itself as the victim of unjust persecution"; commenting on foreign reporting on Scientology in Germany, she adds that "the American press may prefer sensationalist news to boring investigation and may frame the issue according to American stereotypes". Both Willms and Schön assert that the situation is compounded by the general paucity of scientific studies of Scientology. Schön as well as
22:
286:
enjoys overriding influence. The programme sought to address
Scientology's image problems in Germany, to identify weak points in Germany that could be exploited for political gain, such as Germany's National Socialist history, and to increase both membership figures and political influence in German society, with a special emphasis on manoeuvring Scientologists into key positions in industry and government. As most religions seek to widen their influence in society, such a programme could of course also be defended as a missionary effort, much like those many religions engage in. However, according to the
1124:, whom Clinton had assigned to be "the administration's Scientology point person". The German ambassador responded with a letter to the CSCE stating that the German government had come to the conclusion that Scientology's "pseudo-scientific courses can seriously jeopardize individuals' mental and physical health and that it exploits its members", adding that "membership can lead to psychological and physical dependency, to financial ruin, and even to suicide. In addition, there are indications that Scientology poses a threat to Germany's basic political principles."
416:, writing in 1998, noted that officials at all levels of German government shared the insistence that Scientology should be suppressed. Scientology was viewed as "a totalitarian, business-driven organization guilty of significant human rights abuses." Officials examining primary and secondary sources, legal documents, and the testimony of former members, concluded that the organization was "antithetical to a democratic state". Federal ministries and state governments were asked to use all legal means at their disposal to check the activities of Scientology.
1085:
government." Chancellor Kohl, commenting on the letter, said that those who signed it "don't know a thing about
Germany and don't want to know." German officials argued that "the whole fuss was cranked up by the Scientologists to achieve what we won't give them: tax-exempt status as a religion. This is intimidation, pure and simple." Officials explained that precisely because of Germany's Nazi past, Germany took a determined stance against all "radical cults and sects, including right-wing Nazi groups", and not just against Scientology. Kohl's
424:
successful among small and medium-size companies, such as estate agents, management consultants and management-training companies. Management-consultancy firms led by
Scientologists often conceal their association with Scientology; once they have recruited members of their clients' upper management, these managers may send employees to Scientology trainers, as part of company education and training programmes, without informing them as to the origin of the training methods used. An expensive commercial version of Scientology's
1000:, through which Scientology gained the status of a tax-exempt religion in the United States. That decision also marked the beginning of more intense lobbying efforts by the Church of Scientology in Washington, using paid lobbyists. The State Department's 1996 human rights report on Germany, released in January 1997, warned that artists and businesses with Scientology connections "may face boycotts and discrimination, sometimes with government approval." Past targets of such actions had included Scientologist actors
342:("Campaign for Intellectual and Psychic Freedom"), Germany's most prominent anti-cult organization. Warnings from sect experts about the influence of new religious movements gained media attention which put political pressure on the government to deal with the situation; as the movements were not doing anything illegal, the government resorted to issuing a range of leaflets and public statements giving general warnings about religious sects, the earliest of these publications appearing in 1979.
954:
156:. That court, noting Hubbard's instruction that Scientologists should "make money, make more money – make other people produce so as to make more money", came to the conclusion that "Scientology purports to be a 'church' merely as a cover to pursue its economic interests". In the same decision, the court also found that Scientology uses "inhuman and totalitarian practices". Given the lessons of Germany's 20th-century history, in which the country came to be dominated by a
109:
psychologically manipulative, totalitarian ideology with world-dominating aspirations", and that it tricks its members into parting with significant sums of money for
Scientology courses. Scientology has fought innumerable lawsuits to defend itself against such charges and to pursue legal recognition as a religion. These efforts have been partly successful – Scientology has gained recognition as a tax-exempt religious group in a number of countries, most notably in
727: – to mark companies owned by Scientologists with the letter "S". Where companies are suspected of having Scientologist staff, prospective employees are alerted to this fact by government staff. Government officials have publicised the names of individual Scientologists and conducted media campaigns against their businesses; some businesspeople have placed advertisements in the press saying they are not Scientologists in order to avoid the associated stigma.
918:
much easier to ban than a German one. The second argument on which those proposing the ban had counted was
Scientology's aggressive opposition to the constitution. Here, the report found that Scientology's behaviour gave no grounds to assume that Scientology aggressively sought to attack and overthrow Germany's free and democratic basic order. "Neither its bylaws nor any other utterances" supported the "conclusion that the organization had criminal aims". The
1199:, Sweden, for his championing of religious freedom, had been pressured to forego publication of his scientific study of Scientology after having found himself the subject of widespread criticism in the German media for advocating a more tolerant attitude towards Scientology. GĂĽntner concluded that "alarmism" had "triumphed" over science and noted an apparent lack of confidence in Germany's ability to engage in open public discourse on the matter.
576:
status should be judged by its business activities. The German government does not consider the Church of
Scientology to be a religious or worldview community and asserts that Scientology is a profit-making enterprise, rather than a religion. Recent years have seen a number of court decisions in Scientology's favour, despite the very widespread negative attitude to Scientology among politicians and the general public.
290:, the strategy has not had any significant success. By 1998, 90 government officials had been suspected of being Scientologists and in 48 cases the suspicions were confirmed, but apart from some isolated cases, most of the officials concerned had not used their positions to advertise Scientology. According to Fifka & Sydora (2009), it is unknown to what degree the "Clear Germany" programme is still being pursued.
105:. Its stated utopian aim is to "clear the planet", to bring about an enlightened age in which every individual has overcome their psychological limitations. Scientology teaches that the source of people's unhappiness lies in "engrams", psychological burdens acquired in the course of painful experiences, which can be cleared through a type of counselling called "auditing" made available by the Church of Scientology.
420:
finding that they did not interfere with religious freedom. In 1996, the German parliament launched an
Enquete (Enquiry) Commission to investigate sects and similar groups, in large part because of public concerns about Scientology. Its final report, published in June 1998, concluded that Scientology, alone among new religious movements, required monitoring by Germany's domestic intelligence services.
585:
927:
they put very little of this into practice. The appraisal of the
Government at the moment is that is a lousy organization, but it is not an organization that we have to take a hammer to." The Church of Scientology expressed satisfaction with the decision, describing it as the "only one possible". Monitoring of Scientology's activities by the German intelligence services continues.
3831:
757:(a company headed by a Scientologist), this caused concern among German government officials and clergy over data security and the potential for espionage. To assuage these concerns, Microsoft Germany agreed to provide a means to disable the utility. Following letters of complaint about discrimination from Scientology lawyers, some American companies such as
801:, has noted that "Germany has gone further than any other Western European country in restricting the civil rights of Scientologists." The Hamburg task force was closed down in August 2010 as a result of budget cuts; Caberta moved to a position within the Hamburg interior authority, where she continues her work on Scientology.
891:
was continuing to pursue anti-constitutional goals, restricting "essential basic and human rights like the dignity of man or the right to equal treatment", and asked
Germany's domestic intelligence agencies to collect and evaluate the information required for a possible judicial inquiry aimed at banning the organization.
334:("Educational Information Campaign") became an important organization dedicated to opposing Scientology; taking an activist stance, it warned people not to get involved with Scientology, filed successful lawsuits against the Church of Scientology over its proselytizing in public places, and published an influential book,
895:
accusations "unrealistic" and "absurd" and said that the German interior ministers' evaluation was based on "a few sentences out of 500,000 pages of Scientological literature". She added, "I can also find hundreds of quotes in the Bible that are totalitarian but that doesn't mean I will demand the ban of Christianity."
3841:
73:. German federal and state interior ministers started a process aimed at banning Scientology in late 2007, but abandoned the initiative a year later, finding insufficient legal grounds. As of 2017, polls suggest that half of Germans supported banning Scientology, while over two-thirds considered Scientology dangerous.
738:. Companies tendering for government contracts were likewise required to state they are not Scientologists; in 2001, this requirement was changed, and firms are now asked to sign a form stating that "the technology of L. Ron Hubbard will not be used in executing the contract". When it became known that
1108:
at a conference in Philadelphia. Travolta later said Clinton assured him that he would "really love to help" with the "issue over in Germany with Scientology". According to Travolta, Clinton recalled that "he had a roommate years ago who was a Scientologist and had really liked him, and respected his
559:
decided that the Church of Scientology merely pursued commercial aims and did not represent a religious or worldview community entitled to protection under Article 4 of the German Constitution, although another decision by the same court left the question open again in 2003. In another 2003 decision,
499:
in Canada, have remarked in particular on the lack of academic studies by German scholars. Hexham attributes this situation to the strong influence of the Christian churches in Germany, which has made German academics wary of approaching the subject, because they fear repercussions for their research
68:
Scientologists in Germany do not enjoy tax benefits or protection as do real religions. They are, like other sects not granted status of a religion, barred from membership in some major political parties, and businesses and other employers use so-called "sect filters" to expose a prospective business
1169:
likewise alleged that the asylum case had been part of an "orchestrated effort" by Scientology undertaken "for political gain", and "a spectacular abuse of the U.S. system". German expatriate Scientologists resident in Clearwater, in turn, accused Caberta of stoking a "hate campaign" in Germany that
1148:
magazine published the results of its investigation of the asylum case. It asserted that several rejection letters which the woman had submitted as part of her asylum application – ostensibly from potential employers who were rejecting her because she was a Scientologist – had in fact been
926:
Commenting on the decision to drop the ban attempt, Ehrhart Körting, Berlin's interior minister, said, "This organization pursues goals – through its writings, its concept and its disrespect for minorities – that we cannot tolerate and that we consider in violation of the constitution. But
917:
report stated there was no evidence that Scientology could be viewed as a foreign organization; there were German churches and missions, a German board, German bylaws, and no evidence that the organization was "totally remote-controlled" from the United States. A foreign organization would have been
890:
In March 2007, it was reported that German authorities were increasing their efforts to monitor Scientology in response to the opening of a new Scientology headquarters in Berlin. On December 7, 2007, German federal and state interior ministers expressed the opinion that the Scientology organization
108:
That Scientologists have to pay large fees for auditing and other Scientology services has brought controversy to Scientology throughout much of its history, with governments classing it as a profit-making enterprise rather than as a religion. Critics maintain that Scientology is "a business-driven,
33:
has operated in Germany since 1970. German authorities estimate that there are 3,500 active Scientologists in Germany as of 2019. The Church of Scientology gives a membership figure of around 12,000. The Church of Scientology has encountered particular antagonism from the German press and government
894:
The move was criticized by German politicians from all sides of the political spectrum, with legal experts and intelligence agencies expressing concern that an attempt to ban the organization would likely fail in the courts. Sabine Weber, president of the Church of Scientology in Berlin, called the
423:
An area of widespread concern in the German media has been the alleged "infiltration" of businesses by Scientologists, in line with Scientology's declared aim to penetrate society, politics and business in preparation for world domination. Attempts to infiltrate businesses have reportedly been most
419:
Government publications on the dangers of sects increased between 1996 and 1998, and a significant number of them dealt with the "Church" of Scientology. The German courts had approved such publications in 1989, seeing them as part of the government's responsibility to keep the public informed, and
285:
Scientology formulated a "Clear Germany" strategy in 1994 – similar to equivalent strategies pursued by Scientology in other countries and regions of the world – with the long-term aim of transforming German society in line with the Scientological ideal: a non-pluralist society in which Scientology
160:
movement that started from similarly small beginnings, Germany is very wary of any ideological movement that might appear to be seeking a position of absolute power. References in Scientology writings to the elimination of "parasites" and "antisocial" people who stand in the way of progress towards
1202:
The U.S. Department of State's 2012 report on religious freedom in Germany, published in 2013, stated that "The status of the Church of Scientology remains in limbo. The Constitutional Court and various courts at the state level have not explicitly ruled that Scientology is a religion. Government
575:
Many courts have declined to assess the religious status of Scientology, finding that the question was irrelevant to deciding the case at hand. The Federal Administrative Court for example ruled in 1997 that the question whether or not Scientology was a religion was irrelevant, and that its legal
431:
In the mid-2000s, German sect experts expressed concerns that Scientologists were becoming active in the German after-school tutoring market. These concerns arose because customers of around 20 after-school tutoring centres operated by Scientologists in Frankfurt, Hamburg, Stuttgart and elsewhere
281:
arise because the Church of Scientology applies more inclusive criteria in establishing its figures, essentially including anyone who has purchased a book or participated in courses, regardless of their subsequent involvement. The number of contractually bound Scientology staff members working in
687:
There is at least one example of surveillance of Scientology by the German intelligence services outside of Germany. In 1998, the Swiss government detained an agent of the German government, charging him with "carrying out illegal business for a foreign state, working for a political information
995:
has repeatedly claimed that Germany's actions constitute government and societal discrimination against minority religious groups and expressed its concerns over the violation of Scientologists' individual rights posed by sect filters. The U.S. Department of State began to include the issue of
857:
In 2010, the Bavarian Administrative Court ruled that a woman working in a children's daycare centre, whose employment had been terminated when her ex-husband identified her as a Scientologist, should be reinstated. The woman had demonstrated to the court's satisfaction that her Scientological
527:
While there have been calls for Scientology to be banned, the "Church" of Scientology remains legal in Germany and is allowed to operate there. Its precise legal status however is unresolved. Two points are contested: first, whether or not the teachings of Scientology qualify as a "religion or
644:
and ordered it to stop the recruitment and deployment of staff and members of the Church of Scientology Berlin as paid informants. The court ruled that the use of informants was disproportionate. In 2003, the same court ruled that it was illegal for the Berlin Office for the Protection of the
467:
propaganda minister. Gandow and Knopp cited a leaked Scientology video in which Cruise was seen asking the audience whether Scientologists should "clean up" the world, the audience responding with enthusiastic cheers – cheers which Gandow and Knopp felt were reminiscent of the audience's
132:
The German government has said that it does not consider Scientology a religion, but a "commercial enterprise with a history of taking advantage of vulnerable individuals and an extreme dislike of any criticism" whose "totalitarian structure and methods may pose a risk to Germany's democratic
69:
partner's or employee's association with the organization. Unlike a formally accepted religious belief there is no protection from others selecting to not do business or accept membership based on the fact that an applicant is in Scientology, or other groups that are under surveillance by the
788:
ordered the city of Hamburg to cease recommending the use of protective declarations to its business community, finding that the practice infringed religious freedom. In June 2008, the Hamburg Administrative Court fined the city of Hamburg 5,000 Euros ($ 7,000) for not complying with court
536:; these are equal before German law), and secondly, whether or not these teachings are only used as a pretext for purely commercial activity; if the latter were the case, this would most likely imply that Scientology would not qualify for protection as a "religious or worldview community" (
181:
finding that Scientology practices took place in a "coercive environment", and Scientology's track record of pursuing its critics through malicious court cases and private investigators. In examining the potential threat posed by Scientology the German government has noted that Scientology
1084:
rejected the Nazi comparisons in the open letter as "outrageous" and distanced the U.S. government from Nazi comparisons made by the Church of Scientology, saying, "We have criticized the Germans on this, but we aren't going to support the Scientologists' terror tactics against the German
407:
As noted by the religious scholar Hubert Seiwert, Scientology came to be seen as a "serious political danger that not only threatened to turn individuals into will-less zombies, but was also conspiring to overthrow the democratic constitution of the state". This view of Scientology as a
137:, the "Church" of Scientology was convicted of organized fraud in October 2009, after a court found that members had been manipulated into paying large sums for Scientology products, and the "Church" only narrowly escaped being banned altogether. Scientology is similarly controversial
865:
some German companies have specifically asked applicants if they are Scientologist, and denied employment to those who are affiliated with the Church. Prophet says that similar claims have been made against the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Catholic Church.
715:
before entering a business or employment contract. Such sect filters, primarily used to screen out Scientologists, have been drafted by German government agencies for use by businesses. "Sect commissioner" offices exist in Germany as part of regional or local government.
934:
next to a bus stop in front of the Berlin Scientology headquarters, warning passers-by of the potential dangers Scientology activities posed to democracy and individual freedom, should be removed. The decision was upheld in July 2009 by the Upper Administrative Court of
988:, wrote in 1997 that the German response to Scientology – motivated by officials' fear that Scientology "was a totalitarian movement growing, like the Nazi party, from inconsequential beginnings" – was itself redolent of "the Nazi era's authoritarianism".
667:, surveillance was stopped by a court as inappropriate in 2005, because there is no local branch of Scientology and few members. As of 6 May 2008, the Church of Scientology in Germany dropped the legal battle to prevent surveillance of its activities by the
829:
team was dismissed from his job at the German Olympic fencing centre after he stated in an interview that he had enjoyed reading books by L. Ron Hubbard and had participated in a course run by a Scientologist management and communication consultancy firm.
203:
Scientology first became active in Germany in 1970. By 2007, there were ten major centres ("Scientology Churches"), as well as fourteen minor centres ("Scientology Missions") in Germany. The German Scientology Churches are located in the big cities –
834:, a German TV presenter, was falsely accused in 1993 of having taken part in Scientology courses; Gottschalk responded by announcing that he had not, and that he would henceforth cease all contact with a friend who had links to Scientology. In 2007,
302:(cult or sect), or as an exploitative profit-making venture preying on vulnerable minds. Public concerns about the potential dangers posed by cults date back to the early 1970s, when widespread debate took place about "youth religions" such as the
688:
service and falsifying identity documents". The German government posted bail for the agent. He was eventually given a 30-day suspended jail sentence for spying on Scientology, and the German government apologized to Switzerland for the incident.
824:
magazine. Scientologists have been prevented from running employment and au pair agencies in Germany; Scientologists who were running such agencies had their permits revoked. In 1995, a sports scientist and former member of the German national
5102:
Sammlung der zur Veröffentlichung freigegebenen Beschlüsse der 185. Sitzung der Ständigen Konferenz der Innenminister und -senatoren der Länder am 7. Dezember 2007 in Berlin (German interior ministers' conference resolutions released for
5756:
615:) regards the aims of Scientology as running counter to Germany's free and democratic order, and has been monitoring Scientology since 1997, as have the Offices for the Protection of the Constitution in a number of German
412:, Seiwert adds, "became a matter of political correctness": senior political figures became involved in launching campaigns against Scientology, and being suspected of any association with it resulted in social ostracism.
387:
found guilty of transgressions. From the mid-1990s onward, press articles, reports and essays on Scientology appeared on an almost daily basis, accompanied by books and television programmes that reached a mass audience.
361:, German fears and concerns about new religious movements gained in intensity in the 1990s, with Scientology attracting particular attention. Perceptions that Scientology had a totalitarian character were reinforced when
858:
beliefs were irrelevant to her work. According to the agreement that concluded the case, she promised not to use Scientology methods in her work, and to inform the children's parents of her membership in Scientology.
922:
also considered whether there were grounds to act against the Church of Scientology on the basis that they were practising medicine without a licence, but expressed doubts that a court would accept this reasoning.
544:, which guarantees the freedom of belief, religion and worldview. Status as a "religious or worldview community" also affects a broad range of other issues in Germany, such as taxation and freedom of association.
679:
refused to hear an appeal on the matter. Being suspected of maintaining "ambitions against the free, democratic basic order", the Scientology organization added a declaration on human rights and democracy to its
172:
To further justify its stance, the German government has also pointed to the long history of U.S. court cases involving Scientology, including the conviction of 11 top Scientologists in 1979 and 1980 for a
4442:
428:, usually offered free as part of Scientology proselytizing in public places, temporarily entered some major German companies (who were unaware of its provenance) via such a management-consultancy firm.
1089:
party denounced the letter as "absurd" and cited German court rulings stating that Scientology had primarily economic goals and could legitimately be referred to using phrases such as a "contemptuous
5798:
1077:. It echoed similar parallels drawn by the Church of Scientology itself, which until then had received scant notice, and was followed by lobbying efforts of Scientology celebrities in Washington.
6249:
5033:
277:
reported around 30,000 members from the mid-1990s onwards; this number remained stable for many years. However more recently Scientology has said it has only 12,000 members. Discrepancies in
182:
organizations are "structured so as to make the individual psychologically and financially dependent on a Scientology system", and that members often abandon contact with friends and family.
599:'s rise to power in Germany in the 1930s, the present German state has committed itself to taking active steps to prevent the rise of any ideology that threatens the values enshrined in the
968:
The United States media, while generally reporting negatively on Scientology in domestic news, has taken an at least partially supportive stance towards Scientology in relation to Germany.
513:, a dramatized account of the effect Scientology had on one German family. Said to be based on a true story, the film attracted widespread media attention and a viewership of 8.69 million.
1131:
report in April 1998 raised concerns about the violation of individual rights posed by sect filters. However, it rejected the comparison of the treatment of Scientologists with that of
3588:"Protective Declarations Against Scientology as Unjustified Detriments to Freedom of Religion: A Comment on the Decision of the German Federal Administrative Court of 15 December 2005"
656:
in his writings, were incompatible with the German constitution. Lawyers acting for the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution pointed out that Hubbard had written that
551:
has not yet made an explicit decision on the matter, but implicitly assumed in 1980 that Scientology represented a religious or worldview community. The Upper Administrative Court in
1207:], although press reporting and public reactions to Scientology decreased. Several private organizations issued warnings about after-school study programs run by Scientologists."
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TV station to consider revoking the invitation; the ZDF said that uninviting Travolta would cause greater damage, and that Scientology was not going to be discussed in the programme.
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might be unaware that their children were being taught by Scientologists, using Scientology methods. Brochures advertising the tutoring services would at most mention the name of
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1170:
had "ruined the lives and fortunes of scores of Scientologists" and maintained that Scientologists had not "exaggerated their plight for political gain in the United States."
1109:
views on it", stating that Scientologists "were given an unfair hand in and that he wanted to fix it". In September 1997, John Travolta, Chick Corea and fellow Scientologist
3502:
909:
In November 2008, the government abandoned its attempts to ban Scientology, after finding insufficient evidence of illegal or unconstitutional activity. The report by the
487:
German scholars such as Brigitte Schön and Gerald Willms have commented that rhetoric dominates public discourse around Scientology in Germany: in their view, efforts to "
273:, or Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution), estimates that there are 3,500 Scientologists in Germany, down from earlier estimates of 5,000 to 6,000. The
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1033:, whose clients have included Tom Cruise and John Travolta, and was signed by 34 prominent figures in the U.S. entertainment industry, including the top executives of
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1174:, a (former) top Church of Scientology official, said that although Scientology had not orchestrated the case, "there would have been nothing improper if it had."
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Constitution to include the activities of Scientology in its report, given that the report did not document any activities that were opposed to the constitution.
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Browne, Michael (1998), "Should Germany Stop Worrying and Love the Octopus? Freedom of Religion and the Church of Scientology in Germany and the United States",
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explicitly granted a Scientologist protection under Article 4.1 of the German Constitution, which declares the freedom of religion and worldview inviolate.
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The German Church of Scientology has repeatedly challenged the legality of this surveillance in court, but was ultimately unsuccessful on appeal by the
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Davis, Derek H. (1999), "Fortschritt des Wahnsinns: Die erneuerte Verfolgung unpopulärer Religionen durch Deutschland in historischer Perspektive", in
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society". Accordingly, the German government has taken a very strong stance against the organization. Germany is not alone in opposing Scientology;
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1117:(CSCE, also known as the Helsinki Commission), voicing their complaints about the treatment of Scientologists in Germany, and had a briefing with
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instructions banning the use of "sect filters." Internet links to sample filters to be used by businesses had continued to remain available.
541:
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978:, said in 1996: "Scientology might be one weird religion, but the German reaction to it is weirder still – not to mention disturbing."
913:
cited knowledge gaps and noted several points that would make the success of any legal undertaking to ban Scientology doubtful. First, the
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4954:(in German), Bayerisches Landesamt fĂĽr Verfassungsschutz (Bavarian State Office for the Protection of the Constitution), archived from
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5041:(in German), Deutscher Bundestag – Wissenschaftliche Dienste (Scientific Services staff of the German Parliament), archived from
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472:" Gandow's and Knopp's comments found few critics in Germany. Most Germans consider Scientology a subversive organization. In 1997,
5109:(in German), Geschäftsstelle der Ständigen Konferenz der Innenminister und -senatoren der Länder, December 7, 2007, archived from
996:
Scientology in Germany in its annual human rights reports after the 1993 agreement between the Church of Scientology and the U.S.
568:
said there were no indications that the teachings of Scientology merely served as a pretext for commercial activity. In 2005, the
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the legal status of a religious or worldview community, and different courts have reached contradictory conclusions. The German
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The opening of the Berlin Scientology headquarters was attended by Scientologists from around the world, including celebrities
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is constantly monitoring the organization and mentions them in their annual review about anti-constitutional activities. The
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warning of the dangers of Scientology in front of the Berlin headquarters; the courts later ordered the poster's removal.
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711:), is a document that requires prospective business partners or employees to acknowledge any association with a sect or
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masquerading as a religion and believes that it pursues political goals that conflict with the values enshrined in the
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3271:"Hollywood's Celebrity Lobbyists and the Clinton Administration's American Foreign Policy Toward German Scientology"
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Due to concerns about possible government infiltration by Scientologists, applicants for civil service positions in
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conspiracy involving the infiltration of U.S. government agencies, wiretapping and the theft of government documents
6049:
5479:
4764:
652:
in November 2004. The federal court based its opinion on its judgment that the aims of Scientology, as outlined by
522:
4550:
4464:
4029:"Beharren auf dem Rechtsstandpunkt. Erneuter Wirbel um Gerhard Besier, das Hannah-Arendt-Institut und Scientology"
152:
On the subject of Scientology's status as a religion, the German government has pointed to a 1995 decision by the
6460:
5976:
5735:
5531:
817:
3470:"Framing Effects in the Coverage of Scientology versus Germany: Some Thoughts on the Role of Press and Scholars"
2566:
Prophet, Erin (2017). "Deconstructing the Scientology 'Monster'". In Lewis, James R.; Hellesoy, Kjersti (eds.).
6279:
6019:
5921:
5885:
5424:
4877:
4577:
874:
556:
153:
122:
6430:
6092:
6087:
5984:
5504:
5017:
4903:
930:
In February 2009, the Berlin Administrative Court ruled that a poster placed by local city authorities on an
88:
734:
are required to declare whether or not they are Scientologists, and a similar policy has been instituted in
6402:
6311:
5951:
5614:
3469:
1021:
380:
6423:
2998:
330:, who also actively promoted the establishment of private "initiatives of parents and concerned persons".
6179:
5946:
5444:
5409:
5384:
5379:
5220:"Entziehung der Rechtsfähigkeit des Vereins "Scientology Gemeinde Baden-Württemberg e.V." nicht rechtens"
3810:
3477:
3246:
3238:
3006:
1050:
948:
452:
5219:
6199:
6024:
5667:
5649:
5516:
4201:
798:
298:
German public discourse does not regard Scientology as a religion, but generally characterizes it as a
245:
6409:
5085:
Kein Warnplakat des Bezirksamtes vor Scientology-Zentrale – Pressemitteilung 23/09 vom 13.07.2009
1341:
369:
official for the Church of Scientology, visited German officials in late 1995 and wrote an article in
244:, Scientology proved unable to gain significant numbers of followers in the territories of the former
6097:
5941:
5749:
5661:
5551:
5335:
3205:"The Globalization of Scientology – Influence, Control, and Opposition in Transnational Markets"
1150:
1029:
policies espoused by Germany in the 1930s. The letter was conceived and paid for by Hollywood lawyer
555:
explicitly asserted in 1994 that Scientology should be viewed as a worldview community. In 1995, the
488:
350:
92:
82:
5224:
Press Statement of Verwaltungsgerichtshof Baden-WĂĽrttemberg (Baden-WĂĽrttemberg Administrative Court)
5013:
Background Papers – Scientology and Germany – Understanding the German View of Scientology
4834:
4699:
3671:
6234:
6214:
5989:
5721:
5454:
5369:
5198:
5173:
5153:
5128:
4856:"U.S. report backs Scientologists in dispute with Germany – Anti-church rhetoric escalates in Bonn"
4420:
3862:
3429:
3404:
3297:
997:
992:
425:
4677:
4185:
3985:
3239:"The French and German versus American Debate over 'New Religions', Scientology, and Human Rights"
6209:
6034:
5695:
5594:
5589:
5429:
5063:
Bezirksamt darf vorerst nicht vor Scientology warnen (Pressemitteilung Nr. 7/2009 vom 02.03.2009)
4555:
4533:
3497:
Seiwert, Hubert (2004), "The German Enquete Commission: Political Conflicts and Compromises", in
478:
reported that 70% of Germans favoured banning Scientology; a poll conducted in September 2008 by
319:
5202:
4978:(in German), Bundesministerium des Innern, fĂĽr Bau und Heimat (Federal Ministry of the Interior)
4033:
4012:
3140:
Hendon, David W.; Allman, Dwight David (Summer 1998), "Notes on Church-State Affairs: Germany",
1179:
6346:
5994:
5842:
5683:
5579:
5499:
5439:
5374:
4720:
3529:
3399:(2009), "The Church of Scientology in France: Legal and Activist Counterattacks in the 'War on
3028:
Zeitdiagnosen: Religionsfreiheit und Konformismus. Ăśber Minderheiten und die Macht der Mehrheit
2994:
712:
672:
500:
funding and for their prospects of future employment if they involve themselves in the debate.
440:
311:
249:
165:
world "without insanity, without criminals and without war" evoke uncomfortable parallels with
138:
102:
5861:
4655:
3349:
Luca, Nathalie (2004), "Is There a Unique French Policy of Cults? A European Perspective", in
6367:
6244:
6239:
6059:
6039:
6029:
6009:
5999:
5909:
5868:
5434:
4898:
4263:
3184:
3160:
Hendon, David W.; Kennedy, James M. (Spring 1996), "Notes on Church-State Affairs: Germany",
1101:
754:
509:
496:
375:, a widely read weekly magazine, describing Scientology as a totalitarian system operating a
274:
241:
134:
30:
5138:
5088:(in German), berlin.de: Senatsverwaltung fĂĽr Justiz (The Berlin Senate's Justice Department)
4133:
804:
Scientologists have been banned from joining major political parties in Germany such as the
6339:
6259:
6004:
5629:
5328:
4882:
3815:
3270:
1188:
315:
174:
4855:
3858:"German Scientology church drops court challenge; adds human rights declaration to bylaws"
843:
835:
561:
233:
8:
6254:
6204:
6174:
5757:
New Era Publications International ApS v. Carol Publishing Group and Jonathan Caven-Atack
5705:
5584:
5574:
5494:
5484:
5389:
4812:
4791:
4425:
4403:
4381:
3836:
3765:
3738:
3498:
3425:
3376:
3350:
3106:
Scientology in Deutschland und den USA: Strukturen, Praktiken und öffentliche Wahrnehmung
1158:
974:
648:
At the federal level, Scientology lost a complaint against continued surveillance by the
600:
362:
58:
6437:
1025:, drawing parallels between the "organized oppression" of Scientologists in Germany and
6324:
6318:
5673:
5655:
5624:
5619:
5459:
5449:
5419:
4633:
4247:
3947:
3926:
3794:
3734:
3719:
3607:
3305:
1042:
984:
936:
931:
839:
766:
469:
303:
178:
6416:
5183:
4242:
3963:
278:
6353:
6219:
5777:
5634:
5599:
4357:
4329:
Staff (December 1, 1999), "Scientology Spying by a German Official Spurs Jail Term",
4228:
4159:
4075:
3615:
3611:
3573:
3555:
3546:
Weber, Hermann (1999), "Minderheitenreligionen in der staatlichen Rechtsordnung", in
3533:
3508:
3455:
3452:
Scientology in Deutschland – eine Herausforderung für Politik, Staat und Gesellschaft
3437:
3412:
3383:
3358:
3326:
3127:
3109:
3091:
3049:
3031:
1081:
1046:
831:
629:
tendencies and that she would oppose Scientology with all the means at her disposal.
617:
504:
396:
327:
221:
169:, and have led to Scientology being classified as an "extremist political movement".
101:
and today claiming to be represented in 150 countries, has been a very controversial
46:
4338:
4028:
4007:
3428:(2009), "Scientology in Court: A Look at Some Major Cases from Various Nations", in
6297:
6102:
6082:
6072:
5956:
5856:
5714:
5639:
5521:
5464:
4769:
4613:
4573:"Innenminister erwägen Verbot – 'Scientology unvereinbar mit dem Grundgesetz'"
4447:
3599:
3371:
3216:
3169:
3149:
3071:
1144:
820:. Existing Scientologist members of these parties have been "purged", according to
758:
746:
366:
4008:"Toleranzübung auf problematischem Felde – Scientology und der 'Fall' Besier"
769:
instructed their German subsidiaries to cease the use of protective declarations.
6077:
5890:
4860:
4508:
4180:
3666:
3645:
3396:
3293:
3266:
3234:
3200:
1196:
1097:
474:
413:
400:
62:
898:
6142:
6122:
6117:
6067:
4999:(in German), Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Federal Administrative Court of Germany)
4491:
3706:
3547:
3083:
1184:
1162:
1128:
1054:
1030:
939:, which ruled that the poster violated Scientologists' basic religious rights.
781:
700:
653:
433:
98:
4991:
4796:
3770:
3603:
3026:
Besier, Renate-Maria; Neumann, Johannes (2004), "Scientology – Was ist das?",
1153:, and that she was in personal financial trouble and about to go on trial for
723: – local employment agencies and social security offices operated by the
391:
338:. In 1981, the organization's founder, Ingo Heinemann, became the director of
6454:
6381:
6112:
5902:
5474:
5067:
4955:
3180:
1005:
847:
790:
622:
492:
354:
195:
114:
5110:
255:
Scientology is represented by a large number of independent associations or
217:
21:
6147:
6132:
6107:
5609:
5511:
4924:
4747:
4725:
4268:
4116:
3715:"Plot Thickens in a Tom Cruise Film, Long Before the Cameras Begin to Roll"
3710:
3220:
3173:
3153:
1171:
1121:
1105:
1062:
1038:
743:
657:
626:
409:
5799:
Religious Technology Center v. Netcom On-Line Communication Services, Inc.
1149:
written by fellow Scientologists at her request and that of Scientology's
34:
and occupies a precarious legal, social and cultural position in Germany.
6137:
5351:
4839:
4743:"Oberverwaltungsgericht: Plakat vor Scientology-Zentrale bleibt verboten"
4704:
4682:
4678:"Scientology-Anhänger Travolta: Bei "Wetten, dass ...?" nicht willkommen"
4660:
4638:
4138:
3968:
3904:
3785:
3521:
1154:
1110:
1058:
1016:
1009:
979:
883:
879:
480:
448:
444:
403:, published by the Bavarian Office for the Protection of the Constitution
371:
38:
5310:
953:
6127:
1344:[Current survey shows: Scientology is perceived as dangerous].
1074:
1070:
1066:
1001:
957:
719:
A work instruction introduced in 1996 requires government staff in the
456:
346:
5248:"Scientology Mitgliederzahl in Deutschland, Europa, USA und weltweit?"
676:
282:
German Scientology organizations is unlikely to exceed a few hundred.
6304:
5926:
5914:
5851:
5394:
4594:
4377:"Verfassungsgericht weist Klage von Scientology gegen Beobachtung ab"
3990:
794:
750:
739:
229:
110:
37:
As of 2017, German courts have so far not resolved whether to accord
6224:
6194:
5176:– Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (November 17, 2010),
5131:– Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (February 25, 2009),
4817:
4469:
4289:
3552:
Die neuen Inquisitoren: Religionsfreiheit und Glaubensneid (Teil I)
3088:
Die neuen Inquisitoren: Religionsfreiheit und Glaubensneid (Teil I)
3075:
1810:
Bavarian State Office for the Protection of the Constitution (2009)
1342:"Aktuelle Umfrage zeigt: Scientology wird als gefährlich empfunden"
664:
565:
460:
225:
54:
50:
1096:
In February 1997, a United States immigration court judge granted
636:
to a federal court. In December 2001, the Administrative Court in
5966:
5469:
5414:
5035:
Rechtliche Fragen zu Religions- und Weltanschauungsgemeinschaften
3883:
3790:"Ideas & Trends; Germany the Unloved Just Wants to Be Normal"
1192:
1104:
in her homeland. In April 1997, John Travolta met U.S. President
961:
960:
is one of several Scientologist artists who have been subject to
826:
776:
set up a full-time office dedicated to opposing Scientology, the
773:
731:
552:
384:
237:
209:
157:
4700:"Lack of Evidence: Agencies Warn Scientology Ban Doomed to Fail"
4339:"Germany apologises to Switzerland for spying on Scientologists"
97:
Scientology, founded in the early 1950s in the United States by
5526:
4835:"Scientology's New European Offensive: The March of the 'Orgs'"
3298:"Scientology, Hollywood and the path to Washington (interview)"
1090:
902:
681:
637:
596:
307:
213:
205:
166:
162:
142:
126:
5320:
4899:"Germany's Probe Into 'Sects' Raises Religious-Freedom Issues"
3922:"U.S. Immigration Court Grants Asylum to German Scientologist"
2623:
German interior ministers' conference resolutions (2007-12-07)
1100:
to a German Scientologist who claimed she would be subject to
5644:
5159:
1999 Report on International Religious Freedom – Germany
3943:"Scientology's Puzzling Journey From Tax Rebel to Tax Exempt"
735:
376:
358:
248:; most adherents are found in Baden-WĂĽrttemberg, Bavaria and
5283:
4307:"Hamburger SPD fordert Erhalt der Scientology Arbeitsgruppe"
3962:
Fröhlingsdorf, Michael; Stark, Holger (September 22, 2008),
2570:. Vol. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Brill.
584:
5536:
3570:
Scientology – Kulturbeobachtungen jenseits der Devianz
1136:
1026:
707:
A "sect filter", also known as a "protective declaration" (
464:
4487:"Kein Verbotsverfahren gegen die Scientology-Organisation"
3322:
Koexistenz und Konflikt von Religionen im Vereinten Europa
436:, the founder of Scientology, but not Scientology itself.
5066:(in German), berlin.de: Senatsverwaltung fĂĽr Justiz (The
4209:
3660:
Bonfante, Jordan; van Voorst, Bruce (February 10, 1997),
2718:
2716:
1189:
Hannah Arendt Institute for Research into Totalitarianism
1167:
Scientology Task Force for the Hamburg Interior Authority
1132:
1034:
851:
778:
Scientology Task Force for the Hamburg Interior Authority
762:
6375:
A Very Merry Unauthorized Children's Scientology Pageant
5806:
Church of Scientology Intl. v. Time Warner, Inc., et al.
5299:
Scientology: Publications of German regional governments
5204:
Germany. International Religious Freedom Report for 2012
4225:
Scientology. Wie der Sektenkonzern die Welt erobern will
1222:
Scientology Task Force of the Hamburg Interior Authority
1019:
appeared, published as a newspaper advertisement in the
1015:
Also in January 1997, an open letter to then-Chancellor
625:
instituted the surveillance, saying that the church had
5032:
Menzenbach, Steffi; Hippe, Désirée (January 29, 2007),
3504:
Regulating Religion: Case Studies from Around the Globe
3355:
Regulating Religion: Case Studies from Around the Globe
1253:
1251:
1244:
Bundesministerium des Innern, fĂĽr Bau und Heimat (2021)
1157:
at the time she applied for asylum. On a 2000 visit to
850:
was to appear on Gottschalk's programme, and asked the
703:
speaking in 2008 at a Hamburg conference on Scientology
439:
In early 2008, Thomas Gandow, Sect Commissioner of the
5201:– Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (2014),
5016:, German Embassy Washington D.C., 2001, archived from
3454:(in German), Munich/Ravensburg, Germany: GRIN Verlag,
2713:
349:
in 1993, the murders and suicides associated with the
5303:
Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution
2547:
2545:
2543:
2061:
2059:
784:. In 2005, in a case brought by a Scientologist, the
613:
Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution
5179:
Germany. International Religious Freedom Report 2010
2150:
Federal Administrative Court of Germany (2005-12-15)
1248:
642:
Berlin Office for the Protection of the Constitution
190:
5932:
Hubbard Association of Scientologists International
4920:"Innenminister Herrmann fordert Scientology-Verbot"
4833:Stark, Holger; Rosenbach, Marcel (March 27, 2007),
4264:"German historian likens Cruise speech to Goebbels"
2123:
Baden-WĂĽrttemberg Administrative Court (2003-12-12)
336:
The Sect of Scientology and its Front Organizations
129:for failing to register Scientology as a religion.
3507:, New York, NY: Luwer Academic/Plenum Publishers,
3375:
3357:, New York, NY: Luwer Academic/Plenum Publishers,
3064:Indiana International & Comparative Law Review
2540:
2056:
5778:Church of Scientology Intl. v. Fishman and Geertz
4941:
4634:"Scientology darf nicht mehr ausspioniert werden"
4509:"Urteil: Scientology ist kein Wirtschaftsbetrieb"
4223:Nordhausen, Frank; von Billerbeck, Liane (2008),
3662:"Does Germany Have Something Against These Guys?"
1187:, a German Christian theologian, director of the
6452:
5764:Church of Scientology of California v. Armstrong
4813:"Stauffenberg-Film: RĂĽckendeckung aus Hollywood"
3832:"U.S. Celebrities Defend Scientology in Germany"
3186:Religious Freedom in Germany: Mirage or Reality?
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1434:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1115:Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
942:
869:
3688:"Sekten – Scientology unterwandert Firmen"
2816:
2814:
2748:Berlin Senate's Justice Department (2009-07-13)
2737:Berlin Senate's Justice Department (2009-03-02)
1367:
1365:
1363:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1177:In 2003, Joachim GĂĽntner, writing in the Swiss
259:in Germany; their umbrella organisation is the
6230:New York Rescue Workers Detoxification Project
6190:Concerned Businessmen's Association of America
5827:Headley v. Church of Scientology International
4515:(in German), Cologne Archdiocese radio station
4358:"German charged with spying on Scientologists"
4285:"Innenminister fordern Verbot von Scientology"
3641:"Germany is harassing Scientologists, says US"
3046:Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report
2256:
2254:
2003:
2001:
1882:
1880:
1868:
1866:
1757:
1755:
5336:
5311:Website of the Hamburg Scientology Task Force
4721:"Scientology – Zweifel an Verbotsplänen"
4243:"German Party Replies To Scientology Backers"
4155:"French Scientology group convicted of fraud"
4134:"Scientology in Germany: Suspicious Tutoring"
3811:"Scientology's influence grows in Washington"
2830:
2828:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1490:
1446:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
725:Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs
263:Germany's domestic intelligence service, the
4399:"Organisation mit bundesweit 5000 Anhängern"
2932:
2930:
2811:
2604:
2602:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2134:
2132:
2130:
1961:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1360:
1262:
1217:Scientology status by country § Germany
1195:and recipient of an honorary doctorate from
6170:Association for Better Living and Education
5937:International Association of Scientologists
4092:"Scientology darf weiter beobachtet werden"
4050:"Scientologist-software man blasts Germany"
3972:(in German), vol. 39, no. 39/2008
3572:(in German), Bielefeld: transcript Verlag,
3108:(in German), MĂĽnster, Germany: Lit Verlag,
3104:Fifka, Matthias S.; Sykora, Nadine (2009),
3030:(in German), MĂĽnster, Germany: Lit Verlag,
2966:
2902:
2900:
2409:
2407:
2347:
2345:
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2341:
2339:
2273:
2271:
2251:
1998:
1959:
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1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1877:
1863:
1752:
1742:
1558:
1556:
1382:
1380:
538:Religions- oder Weltanschauungsgemeinschaft
340:Aktion fĂĽr geistige und psychische Freiheit
232:. Of the Scientology Missions, nine are in
6333:Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath
6265:World Institute of Scientology Enterprises
5570:Church of Scientology editing on Knowledge
5343:
5329:
5292:
4465:"Germany drops attempt to ban Scientology"
4176:"Hollywood's Glitterati Circle the Wagons"
4112:"Scientologin darf weiter Kinder betreuen"
3986:"German official seeks ban on Scientology"
3964:"Verfassungsschutz: Kampf ums Bushäuschen"
3761:"Germany's Odd Obsession With Scientology"
2825:
2704:
2702:
2627:
2418:
2073:
1844:
1740:
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1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1689:
1687:
1416:
1392:
579:
365:, an American ex-Scientologist and former
4283:Solms-Laubach, Franz (December 7, 2007),
3879:"Germany abandons bid to ban Scientology"
3528:, New Brunswick (U.S.A.), London (U.K.):
3436:, New York, NY: Oxford University Press,
3411:, New York, NY: Oxford University Press,
2927:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2599:
2447:
2445:
2386:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2159:
2157:
2127:
2047:
2045:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
1814:
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1702:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1239:
1237:
61:. This stance has been criticized by the
6466:Religious organisations based in Germany
5785:Hill v. Church of Scientology of Toronto
3984:Grieshaber, Kirsten (December 9, 2007),
3554:(in German), ZĂĽrich: Edition Interfrom,
3090:(in German), ZĂĽrich: Edition Interfrom,
2897:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2430:
2404:
2336:
2313:
2268:
2199:
1938:
1891:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1553:
1377:
952:
897:
873:
695:
583:
495:, Professor of Religious Studies at the
468:response to Goebbels' famous question, "
390:
194:
20:
4917:
4740:
4718:
4227:(in German), Berlin: Ch. Links Verlag,
4109:
3631:
3275:Journal of Religion and Popular Culture
2855:
2853:
2757:
2755:
2722:
2699:
2673:
2671:
2608:
2565:
2551:
2065:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1719:
1684:
1582:
1339:
1119:United States National Security Advisor
846:, expressed concern that Scientologist
786:Federal Administrative Court of Germany
570:Federal Administrative Court of Germany
6453:
5820:Church of Scientology Moscow v. Russia
5771:R. v. Church of Scientology of Toronto
5729:X. and Church of Scientology v. Sweden
5239:
4656:"USA finden Deutschland zu intolerant"
4614:"Hamburg strebt Scientology-Verbot an"
4048:Haddadin, Haitham (November 6, 2000),
4006:GĂĽntner, Joachim (November 24, 2003),
3961:
3877:Fischer, Michael (November 23, 2008),
3830:Drozdiak, William (January 14, 1997),
3739:"Will Scientology Bring Down Germany?"
3159:
3124:World Survey of Religion and the State
3061:
2911:
2442:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2287:
2285:
2225:
2205:
2179:
2154:
2042:
2013:
1994:Fröhlingsdorf & Stark (2008-09-22)
1993:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1966:Bonfante & van Voorst (1997-02-10)
1785:
1779:
1699:
1599:
1597:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1472:
1312:
1234:
503:In 2010, a German public broadcaster,
318:. The most prominent critics of these
25:The Scientology headquarters in Berlin
5324:
4878:"German visitor takes on Scientology"
4132:Kleinhubbert, Guido (June 22, 2006),
4131:
3897:
3139:
2792:
2452:U.S. Department of State (2009-02-25)
2319:
2089:U.S. Department of State (2010-11-17)
1906:
1886:
1661:
590:Bundesamt fĂĽr Verfassungsschutz (BfV)
6270:Youth for Human Rights International
5743:Wollersheim v. Church of Scientology
5690:The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power
5277:
4595:"Scientology Church Opens In Berlin"
4200:Moore, Tristana (January 13, 2008),
4153:Lauter, Devorah (October 28, 2009),
3920:Frantz, Douglas (November 8, 1997),
3586:Zacharias, Diana (October 1, 2006),
3044:Boyle, Kevin; Sheen, Juliet (1997),
2986:
2850:
2752:
2668:
1922:
1520:
293:
53:; rather, it views it as an abusive
49:does not recognize Scientology as a
6185:Citizens Commission on Human Rights
5874:Church of Scientology International
5792:Religious Technology Center v Lerma
5031:
4069:Havekost, Folke (August 19, 2010),
3898:Fleischhauer, Jan (April 1, 1991),
3829:
3733:
3659:
3424:
3382:, Salt Lake City: Signature Press,
2892:
2881:
2369:
2282:
1970:
1965:
1594:
1532:
1509:
1503:
1440:
1371:
1295:
1080:U.S. Department of State spokesman
549:Federal Court of Justice of Germany
261:Scientology Kirche Deutschland e.V.
13:
5962:Scientology Missions International
5927:Golden Era Productions (Gold Base)
5903:Flag Building/Super Power Building
5813:Arenz, Röder and Dagmar v. Germany
4897:Walker, Ruth (November 18, 1996),
4876:Tobin, Thomas C. (July 26, 2000),
4787:"Germany, America and Scientology"
4697:
4675:
4653:
4631:
4304:
4174:Masters, Kim (February 10, 1997),
4173:
4090:Hering, Lars (November 11, 2004),
4027:GĂĽntner, Joachim (June 30, 2004),
3585:
2999:"Scientology: Religion or racket?"
2870:
2660:
2595:Stark & Rosenbach (2007-03-27)
2532:
2490:
2476:
2425:Nordhausen & Billerbeck (2008)
2260:
2138:
814:Social Democratic Party of Germany
16:Overview of Scientology in Germany
14:
6477:
5560:Alaska Mental Health Enabling Act
5272:
5254:(in German). 2012. Archived from
5134:2008 Human Rights Report: Germany
4241:Schmid, John (January 15, 1997),
4240:
4071:"Hamburg spart 'Sektentante' ein"
3941:Frantz, Douglas (March 9, 1997),
3940:
3686:Brendel, Sabine (April 3, 2009),
3639:Barber, Tony (January 30, 1997),
2859:
2820:
2217:
1486:Cieply & Landler (2007-06-30)
1468:German Embassy, Washington (2001)
810:Christian Social Union of Bavaria
199:The Scientology Church in Hamburg
191:Scientology's presence in Germany
5480:Scientology and religious groups
4875:
4765:"Offener, als ich vermutet habe"
4548:
4526:
4026:
4005:
3876:
3755:
3685:
3496:
3468:Schön, Brigitte (January 2001),
3449:
3318:
2952:
2947:
2941:
2936:
2922:
2886:
2875:
2864:
2839:
2786:
2708:
2518:
2504:
2399:
2112:Cologne Archdiocese (2003-12-12)
1872:
1746:
1693:
755:Executive Software International
523:Scientology and the legal system
6260:The Way to Happiness Foundation
5736:Church of Scientology v. Sweden
5350:
5197:
5172:
5152:
5127:
4853:
4810:
4784:
4611:
4262:Smee, Jess (January 21, 2008),
4222:
4202:"Scientologists in German push"
4068:
3983:
3855:
3808:
3567:
3467:
3395:
3370:
3179:
3043:
3025:
2973:U.S. Department of State (2014)
2972:
2907:U.S. Department of State (1999)
2906:
2845:
2834:
2803:
2780:
2769:
2761:
2741:
2730:
2691:
2685:
2654:
2643:
2638:
2616:
2588:
2574:
2559:
2526:
2512:
2498:
2484:
2470:
2462:
2456:
2451:
2436:
2424:
2357:
2325:
2299:
2277:
2237:
2231:
2211:
2168:
2143:
2116:
2105:
2093:
2088:
2051:
2036:
2007:
1911:
1857:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1611:
1576:
1570:
1404:
1398:
1386:
691:
675:Higher Administrative Court in
609:Bundesamt fĂĽr Verfassungsschutz
607:domestic intelligence service (
516:
451:both likened the Scientologist
383:– for members of Scientology's
322:were the "sect commissioners" (
266:Bundesamt fĂĽr Verfassungsschutz
6291:Ali's Smile: Naked Scientology
5922:Founding Church of Scientology
5886:Church of Spiritual Technology
4942:Government and court documents
4854:Tank, Ron (January 30, 1997),
4762:
4578:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
4570:
4462:
4418:
4396:
4374:
4355:
4336:
4282:
4199:
3809:Dahl, David (March 29, 1998),
3545:
3520:
3126:, Cambridge University Press,
3103:
3081:
2958:
2677:
2649:
2363:
2351:
2305:
2291:
2243:
2099:
1917:
1678:
1603:
1588:
1562:
1547:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
1545:
1340:Nicolai, Frank (May 3, 2017).
1333:
1301:
557:Federal Labor Court of Germany
279:Scientology membership numbers
154:Federal Labor Court of Germany
123:European Court of Human Rights
1:
5565:Books critical of Scientology
4972:Verfassungsschutzbericht 2020
4904:The Christian Science Monitor
4484:
4440:
4328:
4261:
4047:
3856:Eddy, Melissa (May 6, 2008),
3840:, p. A11, archived from
3292:
3265:
3233:
3199:
3162:Journal of Church & State
3142:Journal of Church & State
2993:
2413:
2332:Associated Press (1999-12-01)
2331:
2174:
1933:
1839:
1617:
1429:
1410:
1327:
1296:Menzenbach & Hippe (2007)
1227:
943:Criticism of Germany's stance
870:Initiative to ban Scientology
861:According to Erin Prophet in
621:. Minister for Family Policy
484:found 67% support for a ban.
345:Fueled by events such as the
89:Scientology status by country
76:
71:domestic intelligence service
43:domestic intelligence service
5952:Rehabilitation Project Force
5605:Guardian's Office operations
5099:
5010:
4989:
4969:
4654:Staff (September 15, 2006),
4305:Staff (September 15, 2010),
3550:; Scheuch, Erwin K. (eds.),
3524:; Darnell, Susan E. (2006),
3121:
3086:; Scheuch, Erwin K. (eds.),
2622:
2380:
2149:
1467:
1243:
1022:International Herald Tribune
560:the Administrative Court of
381:Rehabilitation Project Force
117:in 1993, and in 2007 won an
7:
5947:Religious Technology Center
5445:Keeping Scientology Working
5218:Staff (December 12, 2003),
5081:
5059:
4990:Staff (December 15, 2005),
4896:
4698:Staff (December 10, 2007),
4507:Staff (December 12, 2003),
4485:Staff (November 21, 2008),
4463:Staff (November 21, 2008),
4441:Staff (December 14, 2001),
4152:
4089:
3919:
3784:
3705:
3638:
3478:Marburg Journal of Religion
3450:Scherff, Franziska (2008),
3247:Marburg Journal of Religion
3007:Marburg Journal of Religion
2775:
2747:
2736:
2232:Besier & Neumann (2004)
2206:Hendon & Kennedy (1996)
2194:
2163:
1714:
1515:
1485:
1346:Humanistischer Pressedienst
1307:
1210:
1051:Sony Pictures Entertainment
949:Scientology and celebrities
10:
6482:
5668:The Secrets of Scientology
4832:
4785:Staff (February 1, 1997),
4719:Staff (December 8, 2007),
4612:Staff (December 3, 2007),
4593:Staff (January 13, 2007),
4571:Staff (December 7, 2007),
4549:Staff (October 22, 1995),
4397:Staff (January 15, 2007),
4375:Staff (December 5, 2003),
2981:
2650:Solms-Laubach (2007-12-07)
2594:
2352:Shupe & Darnell (2006)
2320:Hendon & Allman (1998)
1087:Christian Democratic Union
1008:, as well as jazz pianist
946:
806:Christian Democratic Union
799:London School of Economics
780:, under the leadership of
520:
332:Aktion Bildungsinformation
246:German Democratic Republic
185:
86:
80:
6391:
6278:
6156:
6058:
5975:
5942:Office of Special Affairs
5898:Flag Service Organization
5836:
5750:Hernandez v. Commissioner
5704:
5662:Scientology as a business
5545:
5358:
4592:
4529:"Der doppelte Gottschalk"
3908:(in German), vol. 14
3604:10.1017/S2071832200005149
3378:The Church of Scientology
3348:
3319:Lehmann, Hartmut (2004),
2580:
1907:Kleinhubbert (2006-06-22)
1887:Fleischhauer (1991-04-01)
1679:Fifka & Sykora (2009)
1589:Fifka & Sykora (2009)
1526:
1151:Office of Special Affairs
540:) under Article 4 of the
351:Order of the Solar Temple
93:Scientology as a business
83:Scientology controversies
6235:Oxford Capacity Analysis
5722:United States v. Hubbard
5301:– Website of the German
5246:
5217:
5199:U.S. Department of State
5174:U.S. Department of State
5154:U.S. Department of State
5129:U.S. Department of State
4948:
4676:Staff (March 27, 2007),
4632:Staff (April 27, 2005),
4506:
3900:"Lieber tot als unfähig"
3863:Santa Barbara News-Press
2122:
2111:
1858:Boyle & Sheen (1997)
1809:
1257:
998:Internal Revenue Service
993:U.S. Department of State
972:for example, writing in
634:Ministry of the Interior
426:Oxford Capacity Analysis
395:Information leaflets on
5590:Death of Lisa McPherson
5293:German government sites
5082:Staff (July 13, 2009),
5060:Staff (March 2, 2009),
4993:Urteil BVerwG 7 C 20.04
4763:Staff (June 16, 2009),
4741:Staff (July 14, 2009),
4527:Staff (July 19, 1993),
4419:Staff (June 24, 2007),
4356:Staff (June 23, 1998),
4337:Staff (April 9, 1998),
3568:Willms, Gerald (2005),
3344:(in German and English)
2995:Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin
2639:Grieshaber (2007-12-09)
2568:Handbook of Scientology
863:Handbook of Scientology
842:of the German state of
580:Government surveillance
320:new religious movements
6461:Scientology by country
6200:Cult Awareness Network
5070:'s Justice Department)
4951:Berichte/Publikationen
4811:Staff (July 9, 2007),
3530:Transaction Publishers
3221:10.1006/reli.1998.0154
3122:Fox, Jonathan (2008),
965:
906:
887:
713:new religious movement
704:
673:North Rhine-Westphalia
592:
470:Do you want total war?
441:German Lutheran Church
404:
250:North Rhine-Westphalia
200:
103:new religious movement
26:
6368:A Token of My Extreme
6245:Second Chance Program
6240:Safe Environment Fund
5910:Flag Ship Service Org
5869:Church of Scientology
5580:Death of Elli Perkins
5252:Scientology-Fakten.de
4551:"Fecht-As muss gehen"
3788:(November 23, 1997),
3759:(November 15, 1996),
3048:, London: Routledge,
2893:Cockburn (1998-04-10)
2882:Drozdiak (1997-01-14)
2414:Haddadin (2000-11-06)
1102:religious persecution
956:
901:
877:
818:Free Democratic Party
699:
595:Given the history of
587:
510:Until Nothing Remains
497:University of Calgary
394:
275:Church of Scientology
242:German re-unification
198:
31:Church of Scientology
24:
6340:My Scientology Movie
5679:Tax status in the US
5630:Operation Snow White
5186:on November 23, 2010
5141:on February 26, 2009
4958:on February 19, 2012
4918:wbo (May 19, 2010),
4883:St. Petersburg Times
4110:jot (May 19, 2010),
4034:Neue ZĂĽrcher Zeitung
4013:Neue ZĂĽrcher Zeitung
3816:St. Petersburg Times
3632:Journalistic sources
3618:on February 17, 2009
3499:Richardson, James T.
3426:Richardson, James T.
3351:Richardson, James T.
3325:, Wallstein Verlag,
3174:10.1093/jcs/38.4.933
3154:10.1093/jcs/40.4.919
2948:GĂĽntner (2004-06-30)
2937:GĂĽntner (2003-11-24)
2871:Masters (1997-02-10)
2709:Fischer (2008-11-23)
2010:, pp. 11–14, 259–260
1873:Brendel (2009-04-03)
1411:Beit-Hallahmi (2003)
1180:Neue ZĂĽrcher Zeitung
1142:In 2000, the German
447:, and the historian
316:Divine Light Mission
6255:Volunteer Ministers
6205:The Delphian School
6175:Applied Scholastics
5585:Death of Kaja Ballo
5575:Clearwater Hearings
5240:Scientology sources
5048:on January 25, 2011
4799:on October 23, 2012
4792:The Washington Post
4426:Berliner Morgenpost
4404:Berliner Morgenpost
4382:Berliner Morgenpost
4096:Kölnische Rundschau
3837:The Washington Post
3773:on October 23, 2012
3766:The Washington Post
3735:Cockburn, Alexander
3302:The Religion Report
2860:Schmid (1997-01-15)
2821:Frantz (1997-03-09)
2805:The Washington Post
2776:Cowell (1997-11-23)
2245:Berliner Morgenpost
2195:Hering (2004-11-11)
2164:Walker (1996-11-18)
1715:Frantz (1997-11-08)
1605:Berliner Morgenpost
1564:Berliner Morgenpost
1516:Lauter (2009-10-28)
1308:Barber (1997-01-30)
1159:Clearwater, Florida
1073:and talk-show host
975:The Washington Post
601:German constitution
542:German constitution
363:Robert Vaughn Young
328:Protestant Churches
59:German constitution
6220:Moxon & Kobrin
5674:Suppressive person
5656:Scientology and Me
5625:Operation Freakout
5620:Operation Clambake
5450:Marcab Confederacy
5425:Ethics and justice
5020:on August 13, 2006
4248:The New York Times
4188:on January 1, 2007
4055:Independent Online
3948:The New York Times
3927:The New York Times
3795:The New York Times
3737:(April 10, 1998),
3720:The New York Times
3592:German Law Journal
3306:ABC Radio National
3296:(April 16, 2008),
2997:(September 2003),
2923:Tobin (2000-07-26)
2400:Cohen (1996-11-15)
1918:Moore (2008-01-13)
1258:Scientology-Fakten
1113:were heard by the
1053:as well as actors
985:The New York Times
966:
937:Berlin-Brandenburg
932:advertising column
907:
888:
840:Minister-President
772:The city-state of
767:Ford Motor Company
705:
640:ruled against the
593:
507:, showed the film
405:
399:, Scientology and
304:Unification Church
201:
179:U.S. Supreme Court
27:
6448:
6447:
6404:Wikimedia Commons
5985:Status by country
5879:Guaranty Building
5635:Project Chanology
5600:Fishman Affidavit
5532:Training routines
5278:Scientology sites
5116:on March 19, 2009
4234:978-3-86153-470-9
4160:Los Angeles Times
4076:Neues Deutschland
3713:(June 30, 2007),
3526:Agents of Discord
3461:978-3-640-11048-3
3443:978-0-19-533149-3
3418:978-0-19-533149-3
3372:Melton, J. Gordon
3133:978-0-521-70758-9
3115:978-3-643-10248-5
3055:978-0-415-15978-4
2987:Scholarly sources
2846:Tank (1997-01-30)
2835:Dahl (1998-03-29)
2695:/ AP (2007-12-03)
2681:/ AP (2008-11-21)
2278:Eddy (2008-05-06)
2175:Kent (2008-04-16)
1934:Smee (2008-01-21)
1504:Richardson (2009)
1441:Richardson (2009)
1372:Richardson (2009)
964:calls in Germany.
844:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
836:GĂĽnther Oettinger
832:Thomas Gottschalk
793:, a professor of
751:disk defragmenter
562:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
397:Islamic extremism
324:Sektenbeauftragte
294:Public opposition
234:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
222:Frankfurt am Main
125:, which censured
47:German government
6473:
6440:
6433:
6426:
6419:
6412:
6405:
6398:
6298:Being Tom Cruise
6103:Jessica Feshbach
6083:Shelly Miscavige
6073:Mary Sue Hubbard
5957:Saint Hill Manor
5857:Celebrity Centre
5715:Hubbard v Vosper
5640:Project Normandy
5522:Study Technology
5465:Operating Thetan
5345:
5338:
5331:
5322:
5321:
5315:
5307:
5288:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5182:, archived from
5169:
5168:
5166:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5137:, archived from
5124:
5123:
5121:
5115:
5108:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5047:
5040:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5007:
5006:
5004:
4998:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4977:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4795:, archived from
4781:
4780:
4778:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4448:Berliner Zeitung
4437:
4436:
4434:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4333:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4313:, archived from
4301:
4300:
4298:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4237:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4184:, archived from
4170:
4169:
4167:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3844:on June 10, 2009
3826:
3825:
3823:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3769:, archived from
3752:
3751:
3749:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3692:Der Westen (WAZ)
3682:
3681:
3679:
3670:, archived from
3656:
3655:
3653:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3614:, archived from
3582:
3564:
3542:
3517:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3474:
3464:
3446:
3421:
3397:Palmer, Susan J.
3392:
3381:
3367:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3294:Kent, Stephen A.
3289:
3288:
3286:
3267:Kent, Stephen A.
3262:
3261:
3259:
3243:
3237:(January 2001),
3235:Kent, Stephen A.
3230:
3229:
3227:
3201:Kent, Stephen A.
3196:
3195:
3193:
3176:
3156:
3136:
3118:
3100:
3078:
3058:
3040:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3003:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2956:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2934:
2925:
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2909:
2904:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2868:
2862:
2857:
2848:
2843:
2837:
2832:
2823:
2818:
2809:
2801:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2759:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2720:
2711:
2706:
2697:
2689:
2683:
2675:
2666:
2658:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2636:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2606:
2597:
2592:
2586:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2563:
2557:
2549:
2538:
2530:
2524:
2516:
2510:
2502:
2496:
2488:
2482:
2474:
2468:
2464:NeuesDeutschland
2460:
2454:
2449:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2411:
2402:
2397:
2384:
2378:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2303:
2297:
2289:
2280:
2275:
2266:
2258:
2249:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2219:Berliner Zeitung
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2192:
2177:
2172:
2166:
2161:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:Zacharias (2006)
2136:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2086:
2071:
2063:
2054:
2049:
2040:
2034:
2011:
2005:
1996:
1991:
1968:
1963:
1936:
1931:
1920:
1915:
1909:
1904:
1889:
1884:
1875:
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1623:
1615:
1609:
1601:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1560:
1551:
1543:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1488:
1483:
1470:
1465:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1427:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1375:
1369:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1337:
1331:
1330:, pp. 3, 12–13 |
1325:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1260:
1255:
1246:
1241:
1093:of oppression".
759:General Electric
747:operating system
588:The logo of the
367:public relations
113:in 1983 and the
6481:
6480:
6476:
6475:
6474:
6472:
6471:
6470:
6451:
6450:
6449:
6444:
6438:
6431:
6424:
6417:
6410:
6403:
6396:
6387:
6281:
6274:
6162:and recruitment
6161:
6159:
6152:
6093:John Carmichael
6078:David Miscavige
6054:
5971:
5891:Trementina Base
5840:
5832:
5700:
5550:
5541:
5361:
5354:
5349:
5313:
5305:
5295:
5286:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5261:
5259:
5258:on May 31, 2013
5242:
5237:
5229:
5227:
5209:
5207:
5189:
5187:
5164:
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5144:
5142:
5119:
5117:
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5002:
5000:
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4979:
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4961:
4959:
4944:
4939:
4931:
4929:
4909:
4907:
4888:
4886:
4867:
4865:
4861:CNN Interactive
4845:
4843:
4824:
4822:
4802:
4800:
4776:
4774:
4754:
4752:
4732:
4730:
4710:
4708:
4689:
4687:
4667:
4665:
4645:
4643:
4623:
4621:
4618:Netzeitung / AP
4603:
4601:
4584:
4582:
4562:
4560:
4540:
4538:
4518:
4516:
4498:
4496:
4476:
4474:
4454:
4452:
4443:"Keine V-Leute"
4432:
4430:
4410:
4408:
4388:
4386:
4366:
4364:
4347:
4345:
4320:
4318:
4317:on July 3, 2012
4296:
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4018:
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3866:
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3845:
3821:
3819:
3800:
3798:
3776:
3774:
3747:
3745:
3725:
3723:
3707:Cieply, Michael
3697:
3695:
3677:
3675:
3674:on July 8, 2007
3651:
3649:
3646:The Independent
3634:
3629:
3621:
3619:
3580:
3562:
3548:Besier, Gerhard
3540:
3515:
3488:
3486:
3472:
3462:
3444:
3430:Lewis, James R.
3419:
3405:Lewis, James R.
3390:
3365:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3310:
3308:
3284:
3282:
3257:
3255:
3241:
3225:
3223:
3191:
3189:
3134:
3116:
3098:
3084:Besier, Gerhard
3056:
3038:
3017:
3015:
3001:
2989:
2984:
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2978:
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2117:
2110:
2106:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2074:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2035:
2014:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1971:
1964:
1939:
1932:
1923:
1916:
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1892:
1885:
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1294:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1230:
1213:
1197:Lund University
951:
945:
872:
709:Schutzerklärung
694:
582:
525:
519:
414:Stephen A. Kent
401:organized crime
353:, and the 1995
326:) of Germany's
312:Children of God
296:
236:, and three in
193:
188:
95:
85:
79:
63:U.S. government
17:
12:
11:
5:
6479:
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6150:
6145:
6143:Michelle Stith
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6123:Kendrick Moxon
6120:
6118:Heber Jentzsch
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6068:L. Ron Hubbard
6064:
6062:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6052:
6047:
6045:United Kingdom
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
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6002:
5997:
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5905:
5895:
5894:
5893:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5871:
5866:
5865:
5864:
5862:Château Élysée
5854:
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5347:
5340:
5333:
5325:
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5308:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5284:Scientology.de
5279:
5276:
5274:
5273:External links
5271:
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4738:
4716:
4705:Spiegel Online
4695:
4683:Spiegel Online
4673:
4661:Spiegel Online
4651:
4639:Spiegel Online
4629:
4609:
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4504:
4492:Deutsche Welle
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4139:Spiegel Online
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4003:
3981:
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3917:
3895:
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3827:
3806:
3782:
3757:Cohen, Richard
3753:
3743:Albion Monitor
3731:
3703:
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3290:
3263:
3231:
3215:(2): 147–169,
3197:
3181:Hexham, Irving
3177:
3157:
3137:
3132:
3119:
3114:
3101:
3096:
3079:
3076:10.18060/17460
3070:(1): 155–202,
3059:
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2838:
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2810:
2791:
2787:Lehmann (2004)
2779:
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2751:
2740:
2729:
2712:
2698:
2684:
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2626:
2615:
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2250:
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2198:
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2167:
2153:
2142:
2126:
2115:
2104:
2092:
2072:
2055:
2041:
2039:, pp. 1, 6, 18
2012:
1997:
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1937:
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1910:
1890:
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1862:
1843:
1813:
1802:
1790:
1778:
1766:
1751:
1747:Seiwert (2004)
1718:
1698:
1694:Scherff (2008)
1683:
1660:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1619:Deutsche Welle
1610:
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1261:
1247:
1232:
1231:
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1226:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1185:Gerhard Besier
1163:Ursula Caberta
1129:United Nations
1082:Nicholas Burns
1055:Dustin Hoffman
1031:Bertram Fields
944:
941:
871:
868:
782:Ursula Caberta
701:Ursula Caberta
693:
690:
654:L. Ron Hubbard
581:
578:
534:Weltanschauung
518:
515:
443:in Berlin and
434:L. Ron Hubbard
295:
292:
192:
189:
187:
184:
161:Scientology's
119:important case
99:L. Ron Hubbard
81:Main article:
78:
75:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6478:
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6384:
6383:
6382:We Stand Tall
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6160:organizations
6155:
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6139:
6136:
6134:
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6116:
6114:
6113:Leisa Goodman
6111:
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6050:United States
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5838:Organizations
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5768:
5766:
5765:
5761:
5759:
5758:
5754:
5752:
5751:
5747:
5745:
5744:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5726:
5724:
5723:
5719:
5717:
5716:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5707:
5703:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5669:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5552:controversies
5548:
5544:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5506:
5505:Homosexuality
5503:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5485:Reincarnation
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5475:Reactive mind
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5410:Disconnection
5408:
5404:
5402:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5357:
5353:
5346:
5341:
5339:
5334:
5332:
5327:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5312:
5309:
5304:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5257:
5253:
5249:
5245:
5244:
5230:September 12,
5225:
5221:
5216:
5206:
5205:
5200:
5196:
5185:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5171:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5151:
5140:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5126:
5112:
5105:
5104:
5098:
5092:September 10,
5087:
5086:
5080:
5074:September 10,
5069:
5068:Berlin Senate
5065:
5064:
5058:
5052:September 12,
5044:
5037:
5036:
5030:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5003:September 12,
4995:
4994:
4988:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4962:September 11,
4957:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4946:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4910:September 12,
4906:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4798:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4619:
4615:
4610:
4600:
4596:
4591:
4585:September 11,
4580:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4519:September 12,
4514:
4510:
4505:
4499:September 11,
4494:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4473:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4455:September 12,
4450:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4433:September 11,
4428:
4427:
4422:
4421:"Scientology"
4417:
4411:September 11,
4406:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4389:September 12,
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4363:
4359:
4354:
4344:
4340:
4335:
4332:
4327:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4275:September 11,
4271:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4236:
4230:
4226:
4221:
4215:September 11,
4211:
4207:
4203:
4198:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4102:September 12,
4097:
4093:
4088:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3994:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3976:September 12,
3971:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3869:September 11,
3865:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3843:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3726:September 12,
3722:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3711:Landler, Mark
3708:
3704:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3678:September 11,
3673:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3652:September 11,
3648:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3636:
3622:September 12,
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3581:
3579:3-89942-330-5
3575:
3571:
3566:
3563:
3561:3-7201-5277-4
3557:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3541:
3539:0-7658-0323-2
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3514:0-306-47887-0
3510:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3471:
3466:
3463:
3457:
3453:
3448:
3445:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3389:1-56085-139-2
3385:
3380:
3379:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3364:0-306-47887-0
3360:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3334:
3332:3-89244-746-2
3328:
3324:
3323:
3317:
3311:September 12,
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3285:September 11,
3281:(Spring 2002)
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3135:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3117:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3099:
3097:3-7201-5277-4
3093:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3057:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3039:
3037:3-8258-7654-3
3033:
3029:
3024:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2933:
2931:
2924:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2856:
2854:
2847:
2842:
2836:
2831:
2829:
2822:
2817:
2815:
2808:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2710:
2705:
2703:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2674:
2672:
2665:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2624:
2619:
2613:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2577:
2569:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2537:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2438:
2437:Melton (2000)
2433:
2427:, pp. 469–470
2426:
2421:
2415:
2410:
2408:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2383:, pp. 129–130
2382:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2365:
2360:
2353:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2333:
2328:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2265:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2248:
2246:
2240:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2214:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2108:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2070:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2053:
2052:Hexham (1998)
2048:
2046:
2038:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2009:
2008:Willms (2005)
2004:
2002:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1811:
1806:
1799:
1798:Willms (2005)
1794:
1787:
1786:Browne (1998)
1782:
1775:
1774:Willms (2005)
1770:
1763:
1762:Melton (2000)
1758:
1756:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1657:
1656:Willms (2005)
1652:
1645:
1644:Willms (2005)
1640:
1633:
1632:Willms (2005)
1628:
1622:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1577:Willms (2005)
1573:
1567:
1565:
1559:
1557:
1550:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1512:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1443:, pp. 286–288
1442:
1437:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1412:
1407:
1400:
1399:Melton (2000)
1395:
1388:
1387:Palmer (2009)
1383:
1381:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1183:, noted that
1182:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1006:John Travolta
1003:
999:
994:
989:
987:
986:
982:, writing in
981:
977:
976:
971:
970:Richard Cohen
963:
959:
955:
950:
940:
938:
933:
928:
924:
921:
916:
912:
904:
900:
896:
892:
885:
881:
876:
867:
864:
859:
855:
853:
849:
848:John Travolta
845:
841:
837:
833:
828:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
802:
800:
796:
792:
791:Eileen Barker
787:
783:
779:
775:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
753:developed by
752:
748:
745:
741:
737:
733:
728:
726:
722:
717:
714:
710:
702:
698:
689:
685:
683:
678:
674:
670:
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
646:
643:
639:
635:
630:
628:
624:
623:Claudia Nolte
620:
619:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
591:
586:
577:
573:
571:
567:
563:
558:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
524:
514:
512:
511:
506:
501:
498:
494:
493:Irving Hexham
490:
485:
483:
482:
477:
476:
471:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
437:
435:
429:
427:
421:
417:
415:
411:
402:
398:
393:
389:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:
368:
364:
360:
357:incidents in
356:
355:Aum Shinrikyo
352:
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
291:
289:
283:
280:
276:
272:
268:
267:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
197:
183:
180:
176:
170:
168:
164:
159:
155:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
115:United States
112:
106:
104:
100:
94:
90:
84:
74:
72:
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
35:
32:
23:
19:
6380:
6373:
6359:
6352:
6345:
6338:
6331:
6317:
6310:
6303:
6296:
6289:
6215:Front groups
6148:Kurt Weiland
6133:Mark Rathbun
6108:David Gaiman
6014:
5825:
5818:
5811:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5741:
5734:
5727:
5720:
5713:
5688:
5666:
5654:
5615:The Internet
5610:Keith Henson
5512:Silent birth
5400:
5318:
5260:. Retrieved
5256:the original
5251:
5228:, retrieved
5223:
5208:, retrieved
5203:
5188:, retrieved
5184:the original
5178:
5163:, retrieved
5158:
5143:, retrieved
5139:the original
5133:
5118:, retrieved
5111:the original
5103:publication)
5101:
5090:, retrieved
5084:
5072:, retrieved
5062:
5050:, retrieved
5043:the original
5034:
5022:, retrieved
5018:the original
5012:
5001:, retrieved
4992:
4980:, retrieved
4971:
4960:, retrieved
4956:the original
4950:
4930:, retrieved
4925:Abendzeitung
4923:
4908:, retrieved
4902:
4887:, retrieved
4881:
4866:, retrieved
4859:
4846:November 12,
4844:, retrieved
4838:
4823:, retrieved
4816:
4801:, retrieved
4797:the original
4790:
4775:, retrieved
4768:
4753:, retrieved
4748:Tagesspiegel
4746:
4731:, retrieved
4726:Tagesspiegel
4724:
4711:December 18,
4709:, retrieved
4703:
4688:, retrieved
4681:
4666:, retrieved
4659:
4644:, retrieved
4637:
4622:, retrieved
4617:
4602:, retrieved
4598:
4583:, retrieved
4576:
4561:, retrieved
4554:
4539:, retrieved
4532:
4517:, retrieved
4512:
4497:, retrieved
4490:
4475:, retrieved
4468:
4453:, retrieved
4446:
4431:, retrieved
4424:
4409:, retrieved
4402:
4387:, retrieved
4380:
4365:, retrieved
4361:
4346:, retrieved
4342:
4330:
4319:, retrieved
4315:the original
4310:
4295:, retrieved
4288:
4273:, retrieved
4269:The Guardian
4267:
4252:, retrieved
4246:
4224:
4213:, retrieved
4205:
4190:, retrieved
4186:the original
4179:
4164:, retrieved
4158:
4143:, retrieved
4137:
4122:, retrieved
4117:Abendzeitung
4115:
4100:, retrieved
4095:
4080:, retrieved
4074:
4059:, retrieved
4053:
4038:, retrieved
4032:
4017:, retrieved
4011:
3996:, retrieved
3989:
3974:, retrieved
3967:
3954:November 12,
3952:, retrieved
3946:
3931:, retrieved
3925:
3910:, retrieved
3903:
3888:, retrieved
3882:
3867:, retrieved
3861:
3846:, retrieved
3842:the original
3835:
3820:, retrieved
3814:
3799:, retrieved
3793:
3786:Cowell, Alan
3775:, retrieved
3771:the original
3764:
3746:, retrieved
3742:
3724:, retrieved
3718:
3696:, retrieved
3691:
3676:, retrieved
3672:the original
3665:
3650:, retrieved
3644:
3620:, retrieved
3616:the original
3595:
3591:
3569:
3551:
3525:
3522:Shupe, Anson
3503:
3487:, retrieved
3482:
3476:
3451:
3433:
3408:
3400:
3377:
3354:
3336:, retrieved
3321:
3309:, retrieved
3301:
3283:, retrieved
3278:
3274:
3256:, retrieved
3251:
3245:
3224:, retrieved
3212:
3208:
3190:, retrieved
3185:
3165:
3161:
3145:
3141:
3123:
3105:
3087:
3067:
3063:
3045:
3027:
3016:, retrieved
3011:
3005:
2968:
2962:(2009-06-16)
2959:
2954:
2943:
2888:
2877:
2866:
2841:
2807:(1997-02-01)
2804:
2782:
2771:
2765:(2007-07-09)
2762:
2743:
2732:
2726:(2009-07-14)
2724:Tagesspiegel
2723:
2692:
2687:
2678:
2664:(2007-12-10)
2661:
2656:
2645:
2618:
2612:(2007-12-08)
2610:Tagesspiegel
2609:
2590:
2584:(2007-01-13)
2581:
2576:
2567:
2561:
2555:(2010-05-19)
2553:Abendzeitung
2552:
2536:(2007-03-27)
2533:
2528:
2522:(1993-07-19)
2519:
2514:
2508:(1995-10-22)
2505:
2500:
2494:(2006-09-15)
2491:
2486:
2480:(2010-10-20)
2477:
2472:
2466:(2010-08-19)
2463:
2458:
2432:
2420:
2364:Davis (1999)
2359:
2327:
2315:
2309:(1998-06-23)
2306:
2301:
2295:(1998-04-09)
2292:
2264:(2005-04-27)
2261:
2247:(2003-12-05)
2244:
2239:
2227:
2221:(2001-12-14)
2218:
2213:
2201:
2170:
2145:
2118:
2107:
2100:Weber (1999)
2095:
2069:(2010-04-02)
2067:Abendzeitung
2066:
2037:Schön (2001)
1913:
1860:, p. 312–313
1805:
1793:
1781:
1769:
1651:
1639:
1627:
1621:(2008-11-21)
1618:
1613:
1607:(2007-06-24)
1604:
1584:
1572:
1566:(2007-01-15)
1563:
1549:(2007-12-07)
1546:
1522:
1511:
1436:
1406:
1394:
1350:. Retrieved
1345:
1335:
1303:
1204:
1201:
1178:
1176:
1172:Mark Rathbun
1143:
1141:
1126:
1122:Sandy Berger
1106:Bill Clinton
1095:
1079:
1063:Oliver Stone
1039:Warner Bros.
1020:
1014:
990:
983:
973:
967:
929:
925:
919:
914:
910:
908:
893:
889:
862:
860:
856:
821:
803:
771:
744:Windows 2000
729:
721:Arbeitsämter
720:
718:
708:
706:
692:Sect filters
686:
668:
662:
658:civil rights
649:
647:
631:
627:totalitarian
616:
608:
604:
594:
589:
574:
546:
537:
533:
529:
528:worldview" (
526:
517:Legal status
508:
502:
486:
479:
473:
438:
430:
422:
418:
410:public enemy
406:
370:
344:
339:
335:
331:
323:
299:
297:
287:
284:
270:
264:
260:
256:
254:
240:. Following
202:
171:
151:
131:
107:
96:
67:
36:
28:
18:
6432:Wikiversity
6319:Going Clear
6180:Celebrities
6158:Affiliated
6138:Mike Rinder
6098:Tommy Davis
6025:New Zealand
6020:Netherlands
5517:Space opera
5360:Beliefs and
5352:Scientology
5314:(in German)
5306:(in German)
5287:(in German)
5226:(in German)
5120:January 29,
5024:October 28,
4928:(in German)
4889:October 29,
4868:January 30,
4840:Der Spiegel
4825:January 29,
4821:(in German)
4803:January 29,
4777:January 29,
4773:(in German)
4755:January 29,
4751:(in German)
4733:January 29,
4729:(in German)
4686:(in German)
4668:January 29,
4664:(in German)
4646:January 29,
4642:(in German)
4624:January 29,
4620:(in German)
4604:October 29,
4581:(in German)
4559:(in German)
4537:(in German)
4513:domradio.de
4495:(in German)
4477:January 29,
4451:(in German)
4429:(in German)
4407:(in German)
4385:(in German)
4367:January 29,
4348:January 29,
4321:October 20,
4311:Ad Hoc News
4297:January 29,
4293:(in German)
4254:January 30,
4192:January 30,
4166:January 29,
4145:October 26,
4120:(in German)
4098:(in German)
4082:October 20,
4061:January 29,
3998:January 29,
3969:Der Spiegel
3933:January 29,
3912:October 26,
3905:Der Spiegel
3890:January 29,
3848:January 29,
3822:October 29,
3777:January 29,
3748:January 29,
3698:October 26,
3694:(in German)
3489:February 2,
3434:Scientology
3409:Scientology
3338:February 2,
3018:February 2,
2789:, pp. 68–71
2662:Der Spiegel
2492:Der Spiegel
2478:Ad Hoc News
2262:Der Spiegel
1840:Kent (2002)
1764:, pp. 61–62
1749:, pp. 85–94
1696:, pp. 13–14
1681:, pp. 65–67
1658:, pp. 92–93
1527:Luca (2004)
1430:Kent (1999)
1401:, pp. 53–64
1348:(in German)
1328:Kent (2001)
1155:tax evasion
1135:during the
1111:Isaac Hayes
1061:, director
1059:Goldie Hawn
1017:Helmut Kohl
1010:Chick Corea
980:Alan Cowell
884:Chick Corea
880:Anne Archer
749:included a
481:Der Spiegel
449:Guido Knopp
445:Brandenburg
372:Der Spiegel
39:Scientology
6455:Categories
6439:Wiktionary
6425:Wikisource
6361:South Park
6354:The Profit
6347:The Master
6312:The Bridge
6250:Trademarks
6128:Karin Pouw
5843:properties
5706:Litigation
5650:Psychiatry
5145:October 7,
3801:October 3,
2693:Netzeitung
2381:Fox (2008)
1228:References
1075:Larry King
1071:Gore Vidal
1067:Mario Puzo
1065:, writers
1002:Tom Cruise
958:Tom Cruise
947:See also:
671:after the
521:See also:
457:Tom Cruise
347:Waco Siege
314:, and the
218:DĂĽsseldorf
139:in Belgium
87:See also:
77:Background
6418:Wikiquote
6397:Wikibooks
6305:Bowfinger
6210:Free Zone
6088:Bob Adams
6060:Officials
5990:Australia
5977:Countries
5915:Freewinds
5852:Cadet Org
5595:Fair game
5490:Sec Check
5401:Dianetics
5395:Dianetics
5362:practices
5165:April 14,
4864:, Reuters
3991:USA Today
3612:146503378
3226:April 25,
1298:, pp. 1–2
1047:Universal
1043:Paramount
795:sociology
740:Microsoft
453:Hollywood
230:Stuttgart
177:, a 1994
135:in France
111:Australia
6411:Wikinews
6280:Popular
6225:Narconon
6195:Criminon
6035:Pakistan
5696:Timeline
5684:The Hole
5455:Marriage
5440:Incident
5430:Glossary
5375:Auditing
5370:Abortion
5210:June 19,
5156:(1999),
4818:Die Zeit
4690:April 5,
4599:Life.com
4563:April 5,
4541:April 5,
4470:CBC News
4362:BBC News
4343:BBC News
4290:Die Welt
4206:BBC News
4040:June 29,
4019:June 29,
3374:(2000),
3269:(2002),
3258:June 17,
3209:Religion
3203:(1999),
3183:(1998),
2763:Die Zeit
2679:CBC News
2366:, p. 453
2354:, p. 231
2322:, p. 714
2307:BBC News
2293:BBC News
2234:, p. 213
2208:, p. 445
2102:, p. 175
1788:, p. 201
1776:, p. 284
1591:, pp. 89
1579:, p. 331
1506:, p. 289
1389:, p. 316
1374:, p. 283
1352:July 11,
1211:See also
816:and the
665:Saarland
566:Mannheim
530:Religion
461:Goebbels
226:Hannover
55:business
51:religion
6282:culture
6015:Germany
5995:Belgium
5967:Sea Org
5547:History
5470:OT VIII
5435:Implant
5415:E-meter
5262:June 5,
4982:July 4,
3884:The Age
3501:(ed.),
3432:(ed.),
3407:(ed.),
3401:Sectes'
3353:(ed.),
3192:May 31,
2982:Sources
2534:Spiegel
2439:, p. 62
1800:, p. 12
1646:, p. 90
1634:, p. 92
1529:, p. 58
1413:, p. 31
1193:Dresden
1165:of the
962:boycott
827:fencing
797:at the
774:Hamburg
732:Bavaria
677:MĂĽnster
553:Hamburg
385:Sea Org
257:Vereine
238:Bavaria
210:Hamburg
186:History
163:utopian
158:fascist
121:at the
6040:Russia
6030:Norway
6010:France
6000:Canada
5527:Thetan
5500:Gender
5420:Engram
5403:(book)
5385:Bridge
5190:May 7,
4932:May 7,
4231:
4124:May 7,
3610:
3598:(10),
3576:
3558:
3536:
3511:
3458:
3440:
3415:
3403:", in
3386:
3361:
3329:
3130:
3112:
3094:
3052:
3034:
1098:asylum
1091:cartel
903:Poster
838:, the
812:, the
808:, the
682:bylaws
638:Berlin
618:Länder
603:. The
597:Nazism
463:, the
455:actor
379:– the
308:ISKCON
214:Berlin
206:Munich
167:Nazism
147:the UK
143:Greece
127:Russia
6005:Egypt
5841:(and
5645:R2-45
5390:Clear
5380:Books
5114:(PDF)
5107:(PDF)
5046:(PDF)
5039:(PDF)
4997:(PDF)
4976:(PDF)
4556:Focus
4534:Focus
3608:S2CID
3473:(PDF)
3242:(PDF)
3168:(2),
3148:(3),
3002:(PDF)
2520:Focus
2506:Focus
1145:Stern
1139:era.
736:Hesse
611:, or
489:frame
377:gulag
359:Japan
300:Sekte
6325:film
5537:Xenu
5460:MEST
5264:2013
5232:2009
5212:2014
5192:2011
5167:2016
5147:2009
5122:2010
5094:2009
5076:2009
5054:2009
5026:2009
5005:2009
4984:2021
4964:2009
4934:2011
4912:2009
4891:2009
4870:2010
4848:2007
4827:2010
4805:2010
4779:2010
4757:2010
4735:2010
4713:2007
4692:2010
4670:2010
4648:2010
4626:2010
4606:2009
4587:2009
4565:2010
4543:2010
4521:2009
4501:2009
4479:2010
4472:/ AP
4457:2009
4435:2009
4413:2009
4391:2009
4369:2010
4350:2010
4323:2010
4299:2010
4277:2009
4256:2010
4229:ISBN
4217:2009
4194:2010
4181:Time
4168:2010
4147:2009
4126:2011
4104:2009
4084:2010
4063:2010
4042:2009
4021:2009
4000:2010
3993:/ AP
3978:2009
3956:2007
3935:2010
3914:2009
3892:2010
3871:2009
3850:2010
3824:2009
3803:2009
3779:2010
3750:2010
3728:2009
3700:2009
3680:2009
3667:Time
3654:2009
3624:2009
3574:ISBN
3556:ISBN
3534:ISBN
3509:ISBN
3491:2010
3456:ISBN
3438:ISBN
3413:ISBN
3384:ISBN
3359:ISBN
3340:2010
3327:ISBN
3313:2009
3287:2009
3260:2009
3228:2009
3194:2010
3128:ISBN
3110:ISBN
3092:ISBN
3050:ISBN
3032:ISBN
3020:2010
2582:Life
1354:2020
1137:Nazi
1133:Jews
1069:and
1057:and
1049:and
1027:Nazi
1004:and
991:The
882:and
822:Time
765:and
547:The
475:Time
465:Nazi
228:and
145:and
91:and
29:The
5549:and
5495:Sex
4770:taz
4210:BBC
3600:doi
3485:(1)
3254:(1)
3217:doi
3170:doi
3150:doi
3072:doi
3014:(1)
2960:taz
1205:sic
1191:in
1035:MGM
920:BfV
915:BfV
911:BfV
852:ZDF
763:IBM
742:'s
669:BfV
663:In
650:BfV
605:BfV
564:in
532:or
505:ARD
459:to
288:BfV
271:BfV
6457::
5250:.
5222:,
4922:,
4901:,
4880:,
4858:,
4837:,
4815:,
4789:,
4767:,
4745:,
4723:,
4702:,
4680:,
4658:,
4636:,
4616:,
4597:,
4575:,
4553:,
4531:,
4511:,
4489:,
4467:,
4445:,
4423:,
4401:,
4379:,
4360:,
4341:,
4331:AP
4309:,
4287:,
4266:,
4245:,
4208:,
4204:,
4178:,
4157:,
4136:,
4114:,
4094:,
4073:,
4052:,
4031:,
4010:,
3988:,
3966:,
3945:,
3924:,
3902:,
3881:,
3860:,
3834:,
3813:,
3792:,
3763:,
3741:,
3717:,
3709:;
3690:,
3664:,
3643:,
3606:,
3594:,
3590:,
3532:,
3481:,
3475:,
3304:,
3300:,
3277:,
3273:,
3250:,
3244:,
3213:29
3211:,
3207:,
3166:38
3164:,
3146:40
3144:,
3066:,
3010:,
3004:,
2929:^
2913:^
2899:^
2852:^
2827:^
2813:^
2794:^
2754:^
2715:^
2701:^
2670:^
2629:^
2601:^
2542:^
2444:^
2406:^
2388:^
2371:^
2338:^
2284:^
2270:^
2253:^
2181:^
2156:^
2129:^
2075:^
2058:^
2044:^
2015:^
2000:^
1972:^
1940:^
1924:^
1893:^
1879:^
1865:^
1846:^
1816:^
1754:^
1721:^
1701:^
1686:^
1663:^
1596:^
1555:^
1534:^
1492:^
1474:^
1448:^
1418:^
1379:^
1362:^
1314:^
1264:^
1250:^
1236:^
1161:,
1127:A
1045:,
1041:,
1037:,
1012:.
761:,
684:.
310:,
306:,
252:.
224:,
220:,
216:,
212:,
208:,
149:.
141:,
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6370:"
6366:"
5845:)
5344:e
5337:t
5330:v
5266:.
3602::
3596:7
3483:6
3279:I
3252:6
3219::
3172::
3152::
3074::
3068:9
3012:8
1356:.
886:.
269:(
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