3957:
working-class organization and leadership as a solution to capitalist societal problems, nor did he adhere to the
Marxist definition of the working class as excluded by fundamental private property law from control over the means of production. Unlike Marx, Saint-Simon did not regard class relations, with respect to the means of production, to be an engine of socio-economic dynamics but rather the form of management. Furthermore, Saint-Simon was not critical of capitalists as exclusive owners, collaborators, controllers, and decision-makers. Rather, he regarded capitalists as an important component of the "industrial class." Ryan further suggests that by the 1950s it was clear that Saint-Simon had presaged the "modern" understanding of industrial society.
3428:: the tier of society that included able-bodied persons who, instead of using their labor to benefit the social and economic orders, preferred a parasitic life of work avoidance. Saint-Simon stressed a three-pronged recognition of the merits of the individual, social hierarchy, and the wider economy, such as hierarchical, merit-based organizations of managers and scientists; those at the top of the hierarchies would be decision-makers in government. Saint-Simon strongly criticized any expansion of government intervention into the economy beyond ensuring productive working conditions and reducing idleness in society; he regarded intervention beyond these as too intrusive.
42:
3538:. In the early years of the revolution, Saint-Simon devoted himself to organizing a large industrial structure in order to found a scientific school of improvement. He needed to raise some funds to achieve his objectives, which he did by land speculation. This was only possible in the first few years of the revolution because of the growing instability of the political situation in France, which prevented him from continuing his financial activities and indeed put his life at risk. Saint-Simon and
3769:
into the economy to prevent disruption of productive work. He emphasized more emphatically than Smith that state administration of the economy was generally parasitic and hostile to the needs of production. Like Adam Smith, Saint-Simon's model of society emulated the scientific methods of astronomy, and said "The astronomers only accepted those facts which were verified by observation; they chose the system which linked them best, and since that time, they have never led science astray.".
1641:
3718:("Industry"). The Declaration was about the principles of an ideology called industrialism that called for the creation of an industrial society led by people within what he defined as the industrial class. The industrial class, also referred to as the working class, was defined as including all people engaged in productive work that contributed to society, emphasizing scientists and industrialists, but including engineers, businesspeople, managers, bankers, manual workers, and others.
3550:, stripping its roof of metal, and selling the metal for scrap. Saint-Simon was imprisoned on suspicion of engaging in counter-revolutionary activities. He was released in 1794 at the end of the Terror. After he recovered his freedom, Saint-Simon found himself immensely rich due to currency depreciation, but his fortune was subsequently stolen by his business partner. Thenceforth he decided to devote himself to political studies and research. After the establishment of the
3563:
3670:
3330:
3318:
1717:
4935:
195:
1653:
1624:
3776:. In his analysis, he believed that the solution to the problems that led to the French Revolution would be the creation of an industrial society, where a hierarchy of merit and respect for productive work would be the basis of society, while ranks of hereditary and military hierarchy would lessen in importance in society because they were not capable to lead a productive society.
3725:
In the
Declaration, Saint-Simon strongly criticized any expansion of government intervention into the economy beyond these two principal economic roles, saying that when the government goes beyond these roles, it becomes a "tyrannical enemy of industry" and that the industrial economy will decline as
3721:
Saint-Simon said the primary threat to the needs of the industrial class was another class he referred to as the idling class, which included able people who preferred to be parasitic and benefit from the work of others while seeking to avoid doing work. He saw the origins of this parasitic activity
3768:
whom Saint-Simon deeply admired, and referred to him in praise as "the immortal Adam Smith". He shared with Smith the belief that taxes needed to be much reduced from what they were then in order to have a more just industrial system. Saint-Simon desired the minimization of government intervention
3816:
forms of
Christianity. Saint-Simon posited a comprehensive formula for a "new Christianity": "The whole of society ought to strive towards the amelioration of the moral and physical existence of the poorest class; society ought to organize itself in the way best adapted for attaining this end."
3956:
regards certain followers of Saint-Simon, rather than Saint-Simon himself, as being responsible for the rise of utopian socialism that based itself upon Saint-Simon's ideas. Ryan also distinguishes between Saint-Simon's conceptions and
Marxism's, as Saint-Simon did not promote independent
3611:
A few years into his writing career, Saint-Simon found himself ruined and was forced to work for a living. After a few attempts to recover his money from his former partner, he received financial support from Diard, a former employee, and was able to publish in 1807 his second book,
3616:. Diard died in 1810 and Saint-Simon found himself poor again, and this time also in poor health. He was sent to a sanatorium in 1813, but with financial help from relatives, he had time to recover his health and gain some intellectual recognition in Europe. In February 1821
4444:
Hasan, Samiul; Crocker, Ruth; Rousseliere, Damien; Dumont, Georgette; Hale, Sharilyn; Srinivas, Hari; Hamilton, Mark; Kumar, Sunil; Maclean, Charles (2010), "Saint-Simon, Claude-Henri de
Rouvroy (Comte de)", in Anheier, Helmut K.; Toepler, Stefan (eds.),
4398:
Hasan, Samiul; Crocker, Ruth; Rousseliere, Damien; Dumont, Georgette; Hale, Sharilyn; Srinivas, Hari; Hamilton, Mark; Kumar, Sunil; Maclean, Charles (2010), "Saint-Simon, Claude-Henri de
Rouvroy (Comte de)", in Anheier, Helmut K.; Toepler, Stefan (eds.),
3420:
alone, Saint-Simon's late-18th-century conception of this class included all people engaged in productive work that contributed to society, such as businesspeople, managers, scientists, bankers, and manual labourers, amongst others.
3722:
by idlers in what he regarded as the natural laziness of humanity. He believed the principal economic roles of government were to ensure that productive activity in the economy is unhindered and to reduce idleness in society.
3986:
who also introduced
Monsignor Benson to the writings of Saint-Simon. According to Fr. Martindale, as Benson read Saint-Simon's writings, "A vision of a dechristianised civilisation, sprung from the wrecking of the french
3734:
of merit in society and in the economy, such as society having hierarchical merit-based organizations of managers and scientists to be the decision-makers in government. His views were radical for his time. He built on
3913:, which was established by the Pereire brothers who had been members of the Saint-Simonian movement. It has also been noted that Saint-Simonian ideas exerted a significant influence on new religious movements such as
3495:
From his youth, Saint-Simon was highly ambitious. He ordered his valet to wake him every morning with, "Remember, monsieur le comte, that you have great things to do." Among his early schemes was one to connect the
3900:
was a sympathiser of the Saint-Simonian movement who developed Saint-Simonian notions practically and involved himself in the development of the French economy, founding a number of leading concerns including the
4951:
7024:
2896:
404:
3573:
When he was nearly 40 he went through a varied course of study and experiment to enlarge and clarify his view of things. One of these experiments was an unhappy marriage in 1801 to
3467:
identified Saint-Simon as an inspiration for their ideas and classified him among the utopian socialists. Saint-Simon's views also influenced 20th-century sociologist and economist
3826:
3523:. Saint-Simon was captured and imprisoned by British forces during the end of his service, and upon his release, returned to France to study engineering and hydraulics at the
3882:, declared himself "chosen by God", and began predicting that a "female Messiah" would soon save humanity. Enfantin would go on to organize an expedition of the disciples to
3842:
3416:, needed to be recognized and fulfilled to have an effective society and an efficient economy. Unlike conceptions within industrializing societies of a working class being
3753:, becoming convinced that science was the key to progress and that it would be possible to develop a society based on objective scientific principles. He claimed that
3554:
in 1794, a school established to train young men in the arts of sciences and industry and funded by the state, Saint-Simon became involved with the new school.
3581:. After a year, the marriage was dissolved by mutual consent. The result of his experiments was that he found himself completely impoverished, and lived in
3845:. Following Saint-Simon's death in 1825, his followers began to differ as to how to promulgate his ideas. The most acclaimed disciple of Saint-Simon was
2660:
3681:
On March 9, 1823, disappointed by the lack of results of his writing (he had hoped they would guide society towards social improvement), he attempted
6884:
5038:
1452:
2685:
2655:
6974:
4211:
Political
Economy from Below: Economic Thought in Communitarian Anarchism 1840–1914: Economic Thought in Communitarian Anarchism, 1840–1914
3360:
2737:
4514:
3524:
1683:
4960:
6989:
5828:
5469:
7014:
2690:
1810:
4611:
3874:. However, Bazard left the group as it became increasingly ritualistic and religiously minded with Enfantin founding a community at
6939:
6013:
3080:
3511:, Saint-Simon joined the Americans, believing that their revolution signaled the beginning of a new era. He fought alongside the
6994:
6944:
6621:
5923:
3512:
2670:
350:
6984:
6042:
3535:
3159:
561:
6030:
4866:
4789:
4621:
4594:
4584:
4524:
3204:
2998:
2777:
400:
4047:
An edition of the works of Saint-Simon and
Enfantin was published by the survivors of the sect (47 vols., Paris, 1865–1878).
7004:
6954:
3938:
3489:
3402:
3030:
2891:
2839:
2834:
6731:
6641:
3147:
2859:
2710:
2312:
6756:
7009:
5031:
3070:
2968:
2916:
2854:
2849:
2787:
3825:
Saint-Simon's thought exerted significant influence upon French and
European technocratic thought, the development of
6999:
4821:
4759:
4648:
4549:
4497:
4462:
4416:
4382:
3075:
2700:
2455:
494:
6701:
5151:
3408:
Saint-Simon created a political and economic ideology known as Saint-Simonianism that claimed that the needs of an
3353:
3110:
1588:
1445:
5657:
5508:
4077:
3598:
Introduction aux travaux scientifiques du XIXe siècle (Introduction to scientific discoveries of the 19th century
3137:
2042:
1676:
1632:
3739:
ideas which challenged church doctrine and the older regime with the idea of progress from industry and science
6858:
6711:
5597:
3685:
in despair. Remarkably, he shot himself in the head six times without succeeding, losing his sight in one eye.
2505:
2074:
17:
3853:
3726:
a consequence of such excessive government intervention. Saint-Simon stressed the need for recognition of the
7029:
6898:
6771:
5993:
5024:
3746:
2983:
2963:
1598:
521:
467:
442:
310:
285:
129:
97:
3749:
he saw in the early United States, Saint-Simon renounced his aristocratic title and came to favor a form of
3018:
6964:
6949:
6796:
6791:
6485:
5523:
5156:
4345:
Busky, Donald F.: "Communism in History and Theory: From Utopian Socialism to the Fall of the Soviet Union"
1555:
1525:
1500:
581:
385:
242:
49:
41:
3694:
1402:
6969:
6959:
6811:
6806:
6591:
5008:
4912:
3991:, arose before him and he listened to Mr. Rolfe's suggestion that he should write a book on Antichrist."
3346:
3008:
2585:
2052:
1946:
804:
484:
414:
330:
300:
3772:
Saint-Simon reviewed the French Revolution and regarded it as an upheaval driven by economic change and
3585:
for the remainder of his life. The first of his numerous writings, mostly scientific and political, was
2475:
447:
5476:
5136:
3589:, which appeared in 1802. In this first work, he called for the creation of a religion of science with
3060:
2725:
2510:
2192:
2037:
1669:
1457:
1342:
884:
5793:
5840:
5783:
5368:
4907:
3488:
Henri de Saint-Simon was born in Paris as a French aristocrat. His grandfather's cousin had been the
3171:
3065:
2675:
2465:
2145:
2131:
1550:
1222:
365:
345:
3674:
6919:
6681:
4223:
Koslowski, Stefan (2017). "Lorenz von Stein as a disciple of Saint-Simon and the French Utopians".
4109:
Revolution and the Republic: A History of Political Thought in France Since the Eighteenth Century.
2958:
2943:
2809:
2705:
1956:
1763:
1432:
489:
380:
2560:
2445:
7019:
6661:
6581:
5998:
5587:
5498:
4984:
3914:
3472:
3263:
3142:
3085:
2973:
2938:
2797:
2752:
2665:
2500:
1890:
1855:
1736:
1657:
1608:
1490:
706:
546:
501:
112:
6395:
3627:
Around 1814 he wrote the essay "On Reconstruction of the European Community" and sent it to the
2342:
5988:
5968:
5818:
5488:
5116:
4947:
4273:
Henri de Saint Simon, 1760–1825: Selected writings on science, industry and social organization
3804:
to its simple and essential elements. He does this by clearing it of what he thought to be the
3452:
3176:
3152:
3120:
3090:
3055:
3050:
3025:
2886:
2804:
2680:
2650:
1875:
1495:
839:
601:
437:
335:
325:
5855:
4779:
4332:
1362:
6979:
6142:
6097:
5908:
5503:
4813:
4807:
4751:
4745:
4489:
4483:
4374:
4368:
3897:
3809:
3398:
3297:
3219:
3194:
3166:
3125:
3105:
3095:
3040:
2978:
2953:
2869:
2864:
2829:
2814:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2747:
2742:
2695:
2590:
2565:
2555:
2460:
2292:
2277:
2177:
2119:
1352:
1114:
889:
869:
834:
746:
676:
651:
5958:
4856:
2435:
6929:
6924:
6651:
6531:
6300:
5948:
5875:
5567:
5528:
5513:
5047:
3906:
3736:
3432:
3431:
Saint-Simon's conceptual recognition of the merits of broad socioeconomic contribution and
3393:
theorist and businessman whose thought had a substantial influence on politics, economics,
3285:
3100:
3045:
3035:
3013:
2993:
2988:
2948:
2933:
2911:
2874:
2824:
2782:
2772:
2732:
2252:
2217:
2126:
2079:
1924:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1731:
1422:
1322:
1257:
721:
576:
320:
270:
227:
210:
205:
152:
6122:
2242:
1716:
8:
6841:
6721:
6691:
6611:
6137:
6077:
5398:
5318:
3933:
3658:
3551:
3547:
3508:
3280:
2928:
2901:
2844:
2792:
2575:
2347:
2287:
2237:
2010:
1929:
1870:
1803:
1773:
1768:
1741:
1700:
1603:
1570:
1530:
1515:
799:
711:
701:
671:
566:
452:
419:
265:
247:
237:
194:
5885:
1377:
6853:
6848:
6831:
6826:
6295:
5803:
5740:
3965:
3758:
3642:, (then only a teenager), Saint-Simon projected a society bypassing the changes of the
3628:
3567:
3003:
2906:
2819:
2615:
2550:
2450:
2005:
1985:
1822:
1593:
1535:
1367:
1292:
1064:
1044:
1029:
879:
784:
641:
621:
606:
556:
536:
514:
355:
290:
178:
122:
6285:
3910:
3838:
2267:
1154:
6934:
6816:
6761:
6601:
6390:
6052:
5978:
5953:
5755:
5557:
4862:
4817:
4785:
4755:
4644:
4617:
4590:
4545:
4520:
4493:
4458:
4412:
4378:
4082:
4057:
4022:
3978:
3949:
3643:
3635:
3578:
3531:
3520:
3516:
3436:
3424:
Saint-Simon believed the primary threat to the needs of the industrial class was the
3322:
2595:
2352:
2282:
2257:
2247:
2227:
2047:
1934:
1865:
1827:
1485:
1397:
1302:
1164:
1094:
999:
984:
751:
691:
646:
631:
591:
526:
305:
295:
232:
140:
78:
5870:
5000:
3646:, in which science and industry would take the moral and temporal power of medieval
6821:
6751:
6521:
6440:
6435:
6360:
6335:
6280:
6270:
6260:
6230:
6210:
6200:
6067:
6062:
6020:
5963:
5760:
5443:
5438:
5413:
5358:
5333:
4719:
4450:
4404:
3961:
3797:
3654:(1825), Saint-Simon reverted to more traditional ideas of renewing society through
3468:
3464:
3444:
3238:
3231:
2570:
2520:
2485:
2430:
2337:
2322:
2297:
2232:
2202:
2069:
2020:
1995:
1978:
1973:
1907:
1832:
1758:
1746:
1645:
1628:
1347:
1327:
1247:
1242:
1184:
1144:
1134:
1099:
1019:
994:
964:
949:
944:
919:
864:
849:
756:
731:
661:
616:
586:
474:
462:
390:
375:
315:
280:
6425:
4454:
4408:
4225:
Revista europea de historia de las ideas políticas y de las instituciones públicas
2490:
1427:
1089:
819:
6878:
6551:
6470:
6430:
6400:
6385:
6350:
6345:
6315:
6290:
6275:
6250:
6235:
6170:
6147:
6132:
6117:
6102:
5973:
5928:
5913:
5903:
5725:
5720:
5577:
5572:
5552:
5540:
4162:
Biographical Dictionary of Literary Influences: The Nineteenth Century, 1800–1914
3983:
3969:
3543:
3385:
3334:
2630:
2620:
2605:
2525:
2515:
2495:
2387:
2367:
2327:
2302:
2212:
2106:
2094:
2084:
2025:
1885:
1880:
1751:
1565:
1560:
1505:
1312:
1272:
1104:
1074:
1059:
1009:
979:
914:
854:
814:
736:
726:
626:
370:
360:
4708:"A 'priesthood of knowledge': The international thought of Henri de Saint-Simon"
3875:
6868:
6776:
6766:
6495:
6370:
6355:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6265:
6240:
6195:
6175:
6037:
6008:
5983:
5938:
5918:
5880:
5835:
5715:
5705:
5562:
5393:
5206:
4986:
Saint-Simon and Saint-Simonism: A Chapter in the History of Socialism in France
3883:
3834:
3773:
3754:
3497:
3302:
3275:
3270:
3243:
3199:
2545:
2480:
2332:
2307:
2272:
2222:
2162:
2089:
1990:
1951:
1941:
1815:
1783:
1520:
1412:
1382:
1372:
1297:
1267:
1262:
1252:
1139:
1119:
1079:
1049:
989:
929:
904:
844:
531:
340:
2535:
2357:
1417:
6913:
6801:
6631:
6541:
6490:
6460:
6450:
6380:
6375:
6365:
6225:
6215:
6205:
6180:
6047:
6025:
5943:
5850:
5823:
5808:
5750:
5433:
4975:
4955:
4941:
4174:
3929:
3846:
3813:
3639:
3631:. He proposed a European kingdom, building on France and the United Kingdom.
3566:
Henri de Saint-Simon, portrait from the first quarter of the 19th century by
3501:
3417:
3413:
3258:
2580:
2540:
2470:
2440:
2407:
2402:
2382:
2262:
2187:
2099:
1962:
1778:
1545:
1540:
1407:
1357:
1337:
1332:
1307:
1282:
1179:
1084:
1004:
924:
899:
824:
761:
596:
395:
3988:
3504:
oceans by a canal, and another to construct a canal from Madrid to the sea.
829:
6781:
6465:
6455:
6445:
6310:
6305:
6245:
6220:
6190:
6185:
6092:
6087:
5933:
5813:
5547:
5483:
5353:
5343:
5338:
5257:
5247:
5191:
5081:
4964:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 45–47.
4884:, first published 1840. Page 276, Broché edition (2003) from La Découverte.
3857:
3801:
3655:
3590:
3292:
2625:
2600:
2530:
2377:
2207:
2197:
2000:
1287:
1237:
1232:
1217:
1174:
1159:
1129:
1054:
1039:
1014:
974:
934:
909:
874:
789:
4993:
4723:
3562:
1277:
6480:
6475:
6410:
6405:
6255:
6127:
6082:
6072:
5865:
5860:
5798:
5735:
5518:
5493:
5418:
5378:
5348:
5323:
5303:
5282:
5262:
5242:
5232:
5201:
5066:
4062:
3750:
3727:
3669:
3574:
2610:
2412:
2397:
2372:
2167:
2152:
2059:
1912:
1860:
1510:
1392:
1227:
1189:
1169:
1109:
1069:
1034:
969:
959:
939:
894:
809:
779:
741:
636:
479:
409:
275:
3329:
6863:
6671:
6571:
6420:
6340:
6112:
6003:
5845:
5788:
5765:
5730:
5679:
5669:
5637:
5582:
5408:
5388:
5313:
5277:
5181:
5166:
5091:
5016:
4858:
Saint-Simonians in Nineteenth-Century France: From Free Love to Algeria
4148:
Saint-Simonians in Nineteenth-Century France: From Free Love to Algeria
4067:
3973:
3902:
3891:
3830:
3765:
3757:
in France and elsewhere needed to be dissolved and transformed into an
3539:
3440:
3248:
3214:
3209:
2879:
2392:
2182:
2157:
2064:
1917:
1897:
1708:
1480:
1387:
1124:
954:
656:
611:
4707:
3870:. Initially both men were supposed to be co-leaders naming themselves
3608:), demonstrate his faith in science as a means to regenerate society.
6561:
6500:
6057:
5700:
5627:
5612:
5533:
5453:
5448:
5373:
5328:
5308:
5287:
5272:
5252:
5237:
5101:
5061:
4072:
3953:
3945:
3922:
3918:
3879:
3731:
3711:
3647:
3460:
3448:
3394:
3390:
3317:
3115:
2317:
1837:
1475:
1317:
1149:
859:
696:
681:
571:
551:
541:
186:
136:
4275:. New York, US: Holmes and Meier Publishers, Inc, 1975. pp. 158–161.
3925:
considered the Saint-Simonians to be the "patriarchs of socialism."
6836:
6415:
6152:
5745:
5710:
5684:
5664:
5617:
5428:
5383:
5267:
5171:
5161:
5126:
5096:
3862:
3829:, as well as major industrial and financial projects including the
3789:
3605:
3253:
3226:
3130:
2921:
2172:
2015:
4940:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
4189:
4187:
3534:
in 1789, Saint-Simon quickly endorsed the revolutionary ideals of
6873:
6786:
5674:
5642:
5632:
5403:
5363:
5196:
5121:
5106:
5086:
4681:. Toronto, Canada: Canadian Scholars Press, Inc, 1998. pp. 80–81.
4267:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4173:
Jean-René Suratteau, "Restif (de la Bretonne) Nicolas Edme", in:
3761:. As such, he invented the conception of the industrial society.
3682:
3456:
2362:
1968:
1902:
1207:
686:
666:
4354:
Manuel, Frank E.: "The Prophets of Paris", Harper & Row 1962
5622:
5423:
5211:
5186:
5176:
5146:
5131:
4630:
4184:
3743:
3582:
2032:
1212:
4248:
1652:
1623:
5652:
5141:
5076:
4668:. Toronto, Canada: Canadian Scholars Press, Inc, 1998. p. 80.
4443:
4397:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4097:
3887:
3805:
3602:
Mémoire sur la science de l'homme (Notes on the study of man)
3435:
valorization of scientific knowledge inspired and influenced
1024:
74:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4117:
7025:
French military personnel of the American Revolutionary War
5647:
5071:
3634:
For his last decade, Saint-Simon concentrated on themes of
457:
4679:
Early Modern Social Theory: Selected Interpretive Readings
4666:
Early Modern Social Theory: Selected Interpretive Readings
4094:
3948:
identified Saint-Simon as being among whom he called the "
3764:
Saint-Simon's economic views and ideas were influenced by
3714:
called the "Declaration of Principles" in his work titled
5216:
5111:
4205:
4203:
4114:
3866:
as the official organ for their revolutionary fraternity
4301:
4181:, Paris, PUF, 1989, 2nd ed. Quadrige, 2005, pp. 897–898.
3401:. He was a younger relative of the famous memoirist the
4299:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4200:
3475:
that has included prominent economists as adherents.
4278:
3614:
Introduction aux travaux scientifiques du XIX siècle
4004:
Lettres d'un habitant de Genève à ses contemporains
3942:, anticipated Saint-Simon's ideas by a generation.
3843:
Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée
2661:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
4809:Parting the desert: the creation of the Suez Canal
4773:
4771:
4747:Parting the desert: the creation of the Suez Canal
4586:Auguste Comte: Volume 1: An Intellectual Biography
4485:Parting the desert: the creation of the Suez Canal
4370:Parting the desert: the creation of the Suez Canal
4179:Dictionnaire historique de la Révolution française
4854:
4777:
3999:Saint-Simon wrote various accounts of his views:
3596:Saint-Simon's earliest publications, such as his
3376:(17 October 1760 – 19 May 1825), better known as
6911:
4768:
4519:(in French). Presses Universitaires de France.
3905:Company, founded by Saint-Simonian sympathiser
3878:where he decried marriage as tyranny, promoted
3652:Le Nouveau Christianisme (The New Christianity)
4952:Saint-Simon, Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de
4945:
4160:John Powell, Derek W. Blakeley, Tessa Powell.
3808:and other defects that had come to define the
5032:
4830:
4660:
4658:
4656:
3788:, Saint-Simon had not concerned himself with
3374:Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simon
3354:
2686:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
2656:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
1677:
164:The industrial class/idling class distinction
61:Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simon
5538:
4915:. page 65. London: Longmans, Green & Co.
4567:
4197:Cambridge University Press, 2004. pp. 77–80.
3604:(1813), (the latter of which is a eulogy to
3515:between 1779 and 1783, and took part in the
5474:
4897:. Routledge, 1930 (original), 2010. p. 113.
4848:
4690:
4589:. Cambridge University Press. p. 231.
4512:
4447:International Encyclopedia of Civil Society
4401:International Encyclopedia of Civil Society
4164:. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. p. 267.
4129:Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-century Thought.
27:French early socialist theorist (1760–1825)
5039:
5025:
5002:Henri de Saint-Simon: The Great Synthesist
4653:
4613:Fifty Thinkers Who Shaped the Modern World
4558:
4516:Œuvres complètes de Saint-Simon: 4 volumes
4434:, Princeton University Press, 2002, p. 109
3890:, where he influenced the creation of the
3800:; his object in the treatise is to reduce
3557:
3361:
3347:
1684:
1670:
40:
4909:The Life of Monsignor Robert Hugh Benson,
4582:
4539:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4362:
4360:
4222:
4141:
4139:
4137:
3693:He died on 19 May 1825 and was buried in
3661:. He died shortly after its publication.
2691:International Federation of Liberal Youth
5046:
4805:
4743:
4693:Nouveau christianisme (New Christianity)
4609:
4481:
4366:
3668:
3561:
3389:), was a French political, economic and
6622:Reflections on the Revolution in France
4895:An Economic History of Europe 1760–1930
4705:
4243:Veblen's Century: A Collective Portrait
4145:
2671:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
14:
6912:
4994:The French Faust: Henri de Saint-Simon
4781:Faust: My Soul be Damned for the World
4470:
4357:
4320:The Political Economy of Communication
4134:
4111:Oxford University Press, 2011. p. 347.
3982:, from his friend and literary mentor
3575:Alexandrine-Sophie Goury de Champgrand
5020:
4921:
3928:French feminist and socialist writer
3742:Heavily influenced by the absence of
3577:, undertaken so that he might have a
3384:
1453:International socialist organizations
401:To each according to his contribution
4861:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 1.
4855:Pamela M. Pilbeam (2 January 2014).
4641:Socialism: A Very Short Introduction
3939:A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
6732:The End of History and the Last Man
6642:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
4449:, Springer US, pp. 1341–1342,
4403:, Springer US, pp. 1341–1342,
3412:, which he also referred to as the
2711:Liberal South East European Network
24:
4997:, 1955 biography by Mathurin Dondo
4684:
4131:Oxon, UK: Routledge, 2005. p. 136.
3779:
3664:
25:
7041:
6990:French philosophers of technology
6975:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
4969:
4513:Saint-Simon, Henri (2012-11-14).
3471:, including Veblen's creation of
2701:Liberal Network for Latin America
2134:(contributions to liberal theory)
7015:19th-century French philosophers
6702:The Open Society and Its Enemies
4976:"Saint-Simon and Saint-Simonism"
4933:
4610:Trombley, Stephen (2012-11-01).
3784:Prior to the publication of the
3710:In 1817 Saint-Simon published a
3705:
3536:liberty, equality and fraternity
3328:
3316:
1715:
1651:
1639:
1622:
193:
6940:People of the French Revolution
5509:Family as a model for the state
4900:
4887:
4875:
4839:
4798:
4737:
4712:International Studies Quarterly
4699:
4671:
4603:
4576:
4533:
4506:
4437:
4424:
4391:
4348:
4339:
4325:
4312:
4078:Society of the Friends of Truth
3587:Lettres d'un habitant de Genève
6995:French philosophers of science
6945:European democratic socialists
6859:Separation of church and state
6757:Collectivism and individualism
6712:The Origins of Totalitarianism
4583:Pickering, Mary (2006-04-20).
4544:. Århus: Systime. p. 11.
4235:
4216:
4195:John Stuart Mill: A Biography.
4167:
4154:
3968:got the idea of his dystopian
3483:
2075:Separation of church and state
13:
1:
6985:French political philosophers
6899:Category:Political philosophy
6772:Critique of political economy
4455:10.1007/978-0-387-93996-4_811
4409:10.1007/978-0-387-93996-4_811
4309:. Book II. 2012. pp. 647–651.
3827:technocratic internationalism
3650:. In his last work however,
3519:under the command of General
286:Critique of political economy
6797:Institutional discrimination
6792:History of political thought
5524:Negative and positive rights
5012:, 1825, Henri de Saint-Simon
4812:. Alfred A. Knopf. pp.
4784:. AuthorHouse. p. 625.
4088:
3820:
3796:, Saint-Simon presupposes a
3542:planned to profiteer during
3478:
1556:Socialist calculation debate
1526:List of socialist economists
1501:Economic calculation problem
386:Socialist mode of production
243:Socialist calculation debate
7:
7005:19th-century French writers
6955:French Christian socialists
6807:Justification for the state
6592:Two Treatises of Government
4750:. Alfred A. Knopf. p.
4643:, Oxford University Press,
4488:. Alfred A. Knopf. p.
4373:. Alfred A. Knopf. p.
4146:Pilbeam, Pamela M. (2014).
4051:
3854:Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin
3620:appeared, and in 1823–1824
46:Posthumous portrait (1848);
10:
7046:
5477:Bellum omnium contra omnes
4806:Karabell, Zachary (2003).
4778:E. A. Bucchianeri (2008).
4744:Karabell, Zachary (2003).
4482:Karabell, Zachary (2003).
4367:Karabell, Zachary (2003).
4213:. Routledge, 2013. p. 342.
4036:Catéchisme des industriels
3622:Catéchisme des industriels
716:
7010:19th-century male writers
6894:
6744:
6513:
6161:
5894:
5774:
5693:
5605:
5596:
5462:
5296:
5225:
5054:
4906:Martindale, C.C. (1916).
4540:Dosenrode, Søren (1998).
3932:(1803–1844) claimed that
3695:Le Père Lachaise Cemetery
3298:Sexually liberal feminism
3205:Bias in American academia
2676:European Democratic Party
2132:List of liberal theorists
1551:Socialism and LGBT rights
495:Socialist-oriented market
443:Socialist planned economy
346:Material balance planning
168:
158:
146:
128:
118:
108:
104:
85:
56:
39:
32:
7000:Philosophers of religion
6682:The Revolt of the Masses
4432:Freedom and Its Betrayal
4271:Keith Taylor (ed, tr.).
4241:Horowitz, Irving Louis,
3994:
3860:purchased the newspaper
3700:
3688:
3530:At the beginning of the
3386:[ɑ̃ʁidəsɛ̃simɔ̃]
1957:Labor theory of property
490:Socialist market economy
415:Workers' self-management
381:Socialism in one country
228:Age of the Enlightenment
6662:The Communist Manifesto
5588:Tyranny of the majority
5499:Consent of the governed
4961:Encyclopædia Britannica
4882:Promenades dans Londres
3976:, published in 1908 as
3728:merit of the individual
3673:Saint-Simon's grave in
3558:Life as a working adult
3548:Cathedral of Notre-Dame
3473:institutional economics
2666:Arab Liberal Federation
1856:Consent of the governed
1491:Criticism of capitalism
502:Participatory economics
336:Labour-time calculation
113:19th-century philosophy
50:Adélaïde Labille-Guiard
5539:
5489:Clash of civilizations
5475:
4150:. Springer. p. 5.
3678:
3675:Père Lachaise Cemetery
3570:
3453:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
3451:(through its founder,
2681:European Liberal Youth
2651:Africa Liberal Network
1876:Economic globalization
1496:Criticism of socialism
448:Decentralized planning
351:Peer‑to‑peer economics
5504:Divine right of kings
4979:Catholic Encyclopedia
4706:Eijking, Jan (2022).
4542:Danske EUropavisioner
4042:Nouveau Christianisme
4030:Du système industriel
3794:Nouveau Christianisme
3786:Nouveau Christianisme
3672:
3618:Du système industriel
3565:
3399:philosophy of science
3323:Liberalism portal
3195:Anti-authoritarianism
2696:Liberal International
7030:Socialist economists
6652:Democracy in America
6031:political philosophy
6014:political philosophy
5829:political philosophy
5658:political philosophy
5568:Separation of powers
5529:Night-watchman state
5514:Monopoly on violence
5048:Political philosophy
4988:by Arthur John Booth
4691:Saint-Simon (1825).
4677:Murray E. G. Smith.
4664:Murray E. G. Smith.
4322:. SAGE, 2009. p. 53.
3962:Fr. Cyril Martindale
3952:", though historian
3907:Ferdinand de Lesseps
3868:Friends of the Truth
3513:Marquis de Lafayette
3378:Henri de Saint-Simon
2127:Age of Enlightenment
2080:Separation of powers
1646:Communism portal
1629:Socialism portal
321:Industrial democracy
271:Collective ownership
153:Political philosophy
34:Henri de Saint-Simon
6965:French male writers
6950:Free love advocates
6842:Right-wing politics
6722:A Theory of Justice
6692:The Road to Serfdom
6612:The Social Contract
5319:Christian democracy
4724:10.1093/isq/sqab089
3934:Mary Wollstonecraft
3552:Ecole Polytechnique
3509:American Revolution
3490:Duke of Saint-Simon
3443:political theorist
3335:Politics portal
2038:Civil and political
2011:Popular sovereignty
1871:Economic liberalism
1531:Market abolitionism
1516:Left-libertarianism
453:Inclusive Democracy
420:Workplace democracy
266:Calculation in kind
248:Socialist economics
238:Revolutions of 1848
6970:Writers from Paris
6960:Utopian socialists
6854:Political violence
6849:Political theology
6832:Left-wing politics
6827:Political spectrum
4922:General references
4616:. Atlantic Books.
4193:Nicholas Capaldi.
3966:Robert Hugh Benson
3950:utopian socialists
3898:Gustave d'Eichthal
3759:industrial society
3697:in Paris, France.
3679:
3629:Congress of Vienna
3571:
3568:Godefroy Engelmann
3403:Duc de Saint-Simon
2006:Permissive society
1986:Limited government
1536:Marxist philosophy
356:Production for use
326:Input–output model
291:Economic democracy
123:Western philosophy
6907:
6906:
6817:Philosophy of law
6762:Conflict theories
6602:The Spirit of Law
6509:
6508:
5558:Original position
4868:978-1-137-31396-6
4791:978-1-4343-9061-5
4623:978-1-78239-038-1
4596:978-0-521-02574-4
4526:978-2-13-062090-7
4107:Jeremy Jennings.
4083:Utopian socialism
4058:French Revolution
3979:Lord of the World
3921:since the 1850s.
3730:and the need for
3644:French Revolution
3636:political economy
3532:French Revolution
3525:Ecole de Mézières
3521:George Washington
3517:siege of Yorktown
3437:utopian socialism
3433:Enlightenment-era
3371:
3370:
3210:Bias in the media
2726:Regional variants
2043:Natural and legal
1694:
1693:
1486:Communist society
1458:Socialist parties
717:Saint-Simonianism
306:Equal opportunity
296:Economic planning
233:French Revolution
172:
171:
141:Utopian socialism
134:Saint-Simonianism
16:(Redirected from
7037:
6822:Political ethics
6812:Machiavellianism
6752:Authoritarianism
6737:
6727:
6717:
6707:
6697:
6687:
6677:
6667:
6657:
6647:
6637:
6627:
6617:
6607:
6597:
6587:
6577:
6567:
6557:
6547:
6537:
6527:
5603:
5602:
5544:
5480:
5470:Balance of power
5444:Social democracy
5439:Social Darwinism
5414:Multiculturalism
5359:Environmentalism
5334:Communitarianism
5041:
5034:
5027:
5018:
5017:
5010:New Christianity
5004:by Caspar Hewett
4965:
4946:Kirkup, Thomas;
4939:
4937:
4936:
4916:
4904:
4898:
4891:
4885:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4852:
4846:
4843:
4837:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4802:
4796:
4795:
4775:
4766:
4765:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4695:. Paris, France.
4688:
4682:
4675:
4669:
4662:
4651:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4580:
4574:
4571:
4565:
4562:
4556:
4555:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4479:
4468:
4467:
4441:
4435:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4364:
4355:
4352:
4346:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4329:
4323:
4316:
4310:
4303:
4276:
4269:
4246:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4220:
4214:
4207:
4198:
4191:
4182:
4171:
4165:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4143:
4132:
4127:Gregory Claeys.
4125:
4112:
4105:
3972:novel about the
3638:. Together with
3469:Thorstein Veblen
3465:Friedrich Engels
3445:John Stuart Mill
3410:industrial class
3388:
3383:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3333:
3332:
3321:
3320:
3239:Economic freedom
3232:Radical centrism
2070:Secular humanism
1996:Natural monopoly
1947:Internationalism
1764:Internationalist
1719:
1696:
1695:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1658:Organized Labour
1656:
1655:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1627:
1626:
1571:Workers' council
1208:Gracchi Brothers
732:Social democracy
475:Market socialism
463:Project Cybersyn
391:Soviet democracy
376:Social ownership
331:Internationalism
311:Free association
281:Common ownership
197:
174:
173:
92:
70:
68:
44:
30:
29:
21:
7045:
7044:
7040:
7039:
7038:
7036:
7035:
7034:
6920:Saint-Simonists
6910:
6909:
6908:
6903:
6890:
6879:Totalitarianism
6740:
6735:
6725:
6715:
6705:
6695:
6685:
6675:
6665:
6655:
6645:
6635:
6625:
6615:
6605:
6595:
6585:
6575:
6565:
6555:
6552:Treatise on Law
6545:
6535:
6525:
6505:
6163:
6157:
5896:
5890:
5776:
5770:
5689:
5592:
5578:State of nature
5573:Social contract
5553:Ordered liberty
5541:Noblesse oblige
5458:
5292:
5221:
5050:
5045:
4972:
4948:Shotwell, James
4934:
4932:
4924:
4919:
4905:
4901:
4893:Arthur Bernie.
4892:
4888:
4880:
4876:
4869:
4853:
4849:
4844:
4840:
4835:
4831:
4824:
4803:
4799:
4792:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4742:
4738:
4728:
4726:
4704:
4700:
4689:
4685:
4676:
4672:
4663:
4654:
4637:Newman, Michael
4635:
4631:
4624:
4608:
4604:
4597:
4581:
4577:
4572:
4568:
4563:
4559:
4552:
4538:
4534:
4527:
4511:
4507:
4500:
4480:
4471:
4465:
4442:
4438:
4430:Isaiah Berlin,
4429:
4425:
4419:
4396:
4392:
4385:
4365:
4358:
4353:
4349:
4344:
4340:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4318:Vincent Mosco.
4317:
4313:
4304:
4279:
4270:
4249:
4240:
4236:
4221:
4217:
4208:
4201:
4192:
4185:
4172:
4168:
4159:
4155:
4144:
4135:
4126:
4115:
4106:
4095:
4091:
4054:
3997:
3984:Frederick Rolfe
3970:science fiction
3911:Crédit Mobilier
3909:, and the bank
3872:Supreme Fathers
3839:Crédit Mobilier
3823:
3782:
3780:Religious views
3708:
3703:
3691:
3667:
3665:Suicide attempt
3600:(1803) and his
3560:
3486:
3481:
3418:manual laborers
3381:
3367:
3327:
3315:
3308:
3307:
3190:
3182:
3181:
2984:North Macedonia
2728:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2706:Liberal parties
2644:
2636:
2635:
2426:
2418:
2417:
2148:
2138:
2137:
2122:
2112:
2111:
2107:State of nature
2095:Social services
2085:Social contract
2048:To own property
1851:
1843:
1842:
1727:
1690:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1621:
1614:
1613:
1584:
1576:
1575:
1566:Socialist state
1561:Socialist Party
1506:Economic system
1471:
1463:
1462:
1448:
1438:
1437:
1203:
1195:
1194:
775:
767:
766:
582:Democratic road
517:
507:
506:
433:
425:
424:
371:Social dividend
361:Sharing economy
261:
253:
252:
223:
215:
161:
149:
139:
135:
100:
94:
90:
81:
72:
71:17 October 1760
66:
64:
63:
62:
52:
47:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7043:
7033:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7020:Rouvroy family
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6905:
6904:
6902:
6901:
6895:
6892:
6891:
6889:
6888:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6869:Social justice
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6845:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6777:Egalitarianism
6774:
6769:
6767:Contractualism
6764:
6759:
6754:
6748:
6746:
6742:
6741:
6739:
6738:
6728:
6718:
6708:
6698:
6688:
6678:
6668:
6658:
6648:
6638:
6628:
6618:
6608:
6598:
6588:
6578:
6568:
6558:
6548:
6538:
6528:
6517:
6515:
6511:
6510:
6507:
6506:
6504:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6167:
6165:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6034:
6033:
6023:
6018:
6017:
6016:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5900:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5832:
5831:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5780:
5778:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5697:
5695:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5609:
5607:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5563:Overton window
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5472:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5394:Libertarianism
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5229:
5227:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5058:
5056:
5052:
5051:
5044:
5043:
5036:
5029:
5021:
5015:
5014:
5006:
4998:
4990:
4982:
4971:
4970:External links
4968:
4967:
4966:
4956:Chisholm, Hugh
4929:
4928:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4899:
4886:
4874:
4867:
4847:
4838:
4829:
4822:
4797:
4790:
4767:
4760:
4736:
4698:
4683:
4670:
4652:
4629:
4622:
4602:
4595:
4575:
4566:
4557:
4550:
4532:
4525:
4505:
4498:
4469:
4463:
4436:
4423:
4417:
4390:
4383:
4356:
4347:
4338:
4335:. 15 May 2023.
4324:
4311:
4277:
4247:
4245:(2002), p. 142
4234:
4215:
4199:
4183:
4166:
4153:
4133:
4113:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4039:
4033:
4027:
4023:L'Organisateur
4019:
4013:
4007:
3996:
3993:
3886:, and then to
3884:Constantinople
3835:Channel Tunnel
3822:
3819:
3781:
3778:
3774:class conflict
3755:feudal society
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3690:
3687:
3666:
3663:
3659:brotherly love
3579:literary salon
3559:
3556:
3546:by buying the
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3325:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3303:Utilitarianism
3300:
3295:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3276:Libertarianism
3273:
3271:Land value tax
3268:
3267:
3266:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3244:Egalitarianism
3241:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3200:Anti-communism
3197:
3191:
3189:Related topics
3188:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3145:
3143:Arizona School
3135:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3111:United Kingdom
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2238:Wollstonecraft
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2090:Social justice
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1991:Market economy
1988:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1966:
1959:
1954:
1952:Invisible hand
1949:
1944:
1942:Harm principle
1939:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1712:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1648:
1636:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1521:Libertarianism
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1470:Related topics
1469:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
776:
773:
772:
769:
768:
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
518:
513:
512:
509:
508:
505:
504:
499:
498:
497:
492:
487:
482:
472:
471:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
440:
434:
431:
430:
427:
426:
423:
422:
417:
412:
407:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
341:Labour voucher
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
262:
259:
258:
255:
254:
251:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
224:
221:
220:
217:
216:
214:
213:
208:
202:
199:
198:
190:
189:
183:
182:
170:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
150:
148:Main interests
147:
144:
143:
132:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
102:
101:
95:
93:(aged 64)
87:
83:
82:
73:
60:
58:
54:
53:
45:
37:
36:
33:
26:
18:Saint-Simonian
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7042:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6917:
6915:
6900:
6897:
6896:
6893:
6887:
6886:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6802:Jurisprudence
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6749:
6747:
6743:
6734:
6733:
6729:
6724:
6723:
6719:
6714:
6713:
6709:
6704:
6703:
6699:
6694:
6693:
6689:
6684:
6683:
6679:
6674:
6673:
6669:
6664:
6663:
6659:
6654:
6653:
6649:
6644:
6643:
6639:
6634:
6633:
6632:Rights of Man
6629:
6624:
6623:
6619:
6614:
6613:
6609:
6604:
6603:
6599:
6594:
6593:
6589:
6584:
6583:
6579:
6574:
6573:
6569:
6564:
6563:
6559:
6554:
6553:
6549:
6544:
6543:
6542:De re publica
6539:
6534:
6533:
6529:
6524:
6523:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6512:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6162:20th and 21st
6160:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5895:18th and 19th
5893:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5773:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5751:Nizam al-Mulk
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5692:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5461:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5434:Republicanism
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5224:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5042:
5037:
5035:
5030:
5028:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4943:
4942:public domain
4931:
4930:
4926:
4925:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4903:
4896:
4890:
4883:
4878:
4870:
4864:
4860:
4859:
4851:
4842:
4836:Leopold, 1998
4833:
4825:
4823:0-375-40883-5
4819:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4801:
4793:
4787:
4783:
4782:
4774:
4772:
4763:
4761:0-375-40883-5
4757:
4753:
4749:
4748:
4740:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4702:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4674:
4667:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4650:
4649:0-19-280431-6
4646:
4642:
4638:
4633:
4625:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4606:
4598:
4592:
4588:
4587:
4579:
4570:
4561:
4553:
4551:87-7783-959-5
4547:
4543:
4536:
4528:
4522:
4518:
4517:
4509:
4501:
4499:0-375-40883-5
4495:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4466:
4464:9780387939940
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4440:
4433:
4427:
4420:
4418:9780387939940
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4394:
4386:
4384:0-375-40883-5
4380:
4376:
4372:
4371:
4363:
4361:
4351:
4342:
4334:
4328:
4321:
4315:
4308:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4274:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4244:
4238:
4230:
4226:
4219:
4212:
4209:Rob Knowles.
4206:
4204:
4196:
4190:
4188:
4180:
4176:
4175:Albert Soboul
4170:
4163:
4157:
4149:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4130:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4110:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4093:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3992:
3990:
3989:Ancien régime
3985:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3960:According to
3958:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3931:
3930:Flora Tristan
3926:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3899:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3848:
3847:Auguste Comte
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3818:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3798:belief in God
3795:
3791:
3787:
3777:
3775:
3770:
3767:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3740:
3738:
3737:Enlightenment
3733:
3729:
3723:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3706:Industrialism
3698:
3696:
3686:
3684:
3676:
3671:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3640:Auguste Comte
3637:
3632:
3630:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3594:
3593:as a saint.
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3569:
3564:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3493:
3491:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3427:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3414:working class
3411:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3379:
3375:
3364:
3359:
3357:
3352:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3259:Individualism
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3138:United States
3136:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2738:Latin America
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2643:Organizations
2640:
2639:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2142:
2141:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2100:Welfare state
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1963:Laissez-faire
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1647:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:Related lists
1587:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1546:Progressivism
1544:
1542:
1541:Nanosocialism
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1446:Organizations
1442:
1441:
1434:
1433:Ocasio-Cortez
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1353:van der Lubbe
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
890:Chernyshevsky
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
774:Intellectuals
771:
770:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
707:Revolutionary
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
642:Laissez-faire
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
547:Authoritarian
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
516:
511:
510:
503:
500:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
476:
473:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
444:
441:
439:
436:
435:
429:
428:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
402:
399:
397:
396:Strike action
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
301:Equal liberty
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
263:
257:
256:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
225:
219:
218:
212:
209:
207:
204:
203:
201:
200:
196:
192:
191:
188:
185:
184:
180:
176:
175:
167:
163:
160:Notable ideas
157:
154:
151:
145:
142:
138:
133:
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
103:
99:
88:
84:
80:
76:
59:
55:
51:
43:
38:
31:
19:
6980:Utilitarians
6883:
6782:Elite theory
6730:
6720:
6710:
6700:
6690:
6680:
6670:
6660:
6650:
6640:
6630:
6620:
6610:
6600:
6590:
6580:
6570:
6560:
6550:
6540:
6530:
6520:
6107:
5819:Guicciardini
5775:Early modern
5598:Philosophers
5548:Open society
5484:Body politic
5354:Distributism
5344:Conservatism
5339:Confucianism
5258:Gerontocracy
5248:Dictatorship
5202:Sovereignty
5192:Ruling class
5082:Emancipation
5067:Citizenship
5009:
5001:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4959:
4908:
4902:
4894:
4889:
4881:
4877:
4857:
4850:
4845:Strube, 2016
4841:
4832:
4808:
4800:
4780:
4746:
4739:
4727:. Retrieved
4715:
4711:
4701:
4692:
4686:
4678:
4673:
4665:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4612:
4605:
4585:
4578:
4573:Hewett, 2008
4569:
4564:Goyau (1912)
4560:
4541:
4535:
4515:
4508:
4484:
4446:
4439:
4431:
4426:
4400:
4393:
4369:
4350:
4341:
4333:"Britannica"
4327:
4319:
4314:
4306:
4272:
4242:
4237:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4210:
4194:
4178:
4169:
4161:
4156:
4147:
4128:
4108:
4041:
4035:
4029:
4021:
4016:Le Politique
4015:
4009:
4003:
3998:
3977:
3959:
3944:
3937:
3936:, author of
3927:
3915:Spiritualism
3896:
3876:Ménilmontant
3871:
3867:
3861:
3858:Amand Bazard
3851:
3824:
3802:Christianity
3793:
3785:
3783:
3771:
3763:
3741:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3709:
3692:
3680:
3651:
3633:
3626:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3601:
3597:
3595:
3591:Isaac Newton
3586:
3572:
3529:
3506:
3494:
3487:
3430:
3426:idling class
3425:
3423:
3409:
3407:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3293:Pirate Party
3153:Jeffersonian
3061:South Africa
2551:Lloyd George
2146:Philosophers
2053:To bear arms
2001:Open society
1961:
1737:Conservative
794:
602:Evolutionary
522:21st-century
316:Freed market
91:(1825-05-19)
6930:1825 deaths
6925:1760 births
6656:(1835–1840)
6536:(c. 350 BC)
6526:(c. 375 BC)
6143:Tocqueville
6108:Saint-Simon
6073:Montesquieu
5924:Bolingbroke
5856:Machiavelli
5736:Ibn Khaldun
5701:Alpharabius
5694:Middle Ages
5519:Natural law
5494:Common good
5419:Nationalism
5379:Imperialism
5349:Corporatism
5324:Colonialism
5304:Agrarianism
5283:Technocracy
5263:Meritocracy
5243:Bureaucracy
5233:Aristocracy
4927:Attribution
4307:On Politics
4305:Alan Ryan.
4063:Meritocracy
4038:(1823–1824)
4026:(1819–1820)
4012:(1816–1817)
4010:L'Industrie
3751:meritocracy
3716:L'Industrie
3507:During the
3484:Early years
3121:Gladstonian
3081:Switzerland
3066:South Korea
3009:Philippines
2969:New Zealand
2964:Netherlands
2621:Verhofstadt
2616:Balcerowicz
2425:Politicians
2353:Collingwood
2293:Tocqueville
2168:Montesquieu
2060:Rule of law
1861:Due process
1633:WikiProject
1511:French Left
1303:Spiridonova
1202:Politicians
1115:Castoriadis
795:Saint-Simon
747:Third World
742:Syndicalism
677:Nationalist
652:Libertarian
617:Free-market
480:Lange model
468:Soviet-type
438:Communalism
410:Vanguardism
366:Spontaneism
276:Cooperative
222:Development
89:19 May 1825
6914:Categories
6864:Separatism
6672:On Liberty
6572:The Prince
6301:Huntington
5804:Campanella
5731:al-Ghazali
5680:Thucydides
5638:Lactantius
5583:Statolatry
5409:Monarchism
5389:Liberalism
5314:Capitalism
5297:Ideologies
5278:Plutocracy
5226:Government
5182:Revolution
5167:Propaganda
5117:Legitimacy
5092:Government
4068:Positivism
3974:Antichrist
3903:Suez Canal
3892:Suez Canal
3841:, and the
3831:Suez Canal
3814:Protestant
3766:Adam Smith
3544:the Terror
3540:Talleyrand
3249:Empiricism
3220:Democratic
3215:Capitalism
3126:Manchester
2959:Montenegro
2944:Luxembourg
2880:Venizelism
2810:Costa Rica
2065:Secularism
1898:Federalism
1850:Principles
1709:Liberalism
1604:Socialists
1599:By country
1481:Capitalism
1363:Mitterrand
1328:Gerhardsen
1273:Liebknecht
1258:Markievicz
1185:Varoufakis
1135:Fotopoulos
805:Saint-Just
800:Buonarroti
785:Campanella
722:Scientific
657:Marhaenism
612:Fourierism
597:Ecological
577:Democratic
67:1760-10-17
6582:Leviathan
6562:Monarchia
6556:(c. 1274)
6391:Oakeshott
6336:Mansfield
6331:Luxemburg
6316:Kropotkin
6211:Bernstein
6164:centuries
6078:Nietzsche
6021:Jefferson
5949:Condorcet
5897:centuries
5876:Pufendorf
5741:Marsilius
5628:Confucius
5613:Aristotle
5606:Antiquity
5534:Noble lie
5454:Third Way
5449:Socialism
5374:Feudalism
5329:Communism
5309:Anarchism
5288:Theocracy
5273:Oligarchy
5253:Democracy
5238:Autocracy
5152:Pluralism
5137:Obedience
5102:Hierarchy
5062:Authority
4950:(1911). "
4814:28, 31–37
4639:. (2005)
4089:Citations
4073:Scientism
3954:Alan Ryan
3946:Karl Marx
3923:Karl Marx
3919:Occultism
3880:free love
3821:Influence
3747:privilege
3732:hierarchy
3712:manifesto
3656:Christian
3648:theocracy
3479:Biography
3461:Karl Marx
3449:anarchism
3395:sociology
3391:socialist
3264:Anarchist
3172:Venezuela
3148:Classical
3116:Cobdenism
3019:Cracovian
2974:Nicaragua
2939:Lithuania
2798:Hong Kong
2753:Australia
2591:Roosevelt
2561:Ståhlberg
2556:Venizelos
2511:Sarmiento
2501:Gladstone
2461:Lamartine
2431:Jefferson
2283:Martineau
2233:De Gouges
2218:Condorcet
2203:Priestley
1866:Democracy
1838:Third Way
1799:Christian
1794:Religious
1732:Classical
1476:Anarchism
1398:Gorbachev
1248:Malatesta
1243:Bernstein
1020:Pankhurst
1000:Pannekoek
990:Luxemburg
945:Plekhanov
920:Carpenter
915:Kropotkin
712:Ricardian
702:Religious
697:Reformism
682:Nkrumaism
672:Municipal
572:Communism
567:Christian
552:Blanquism
542:Anarchism
485:Mutualism
187:Socialism
137:Socialism
6935:Jacobins
6837:Centrism
6532:Politics
6522:Republic
6491:Voegelin
6471:Spengler
6456:Shariati
6431:Rothbard
6386:Nussbaum
6286:Habermas
6261:Fukuyama
6251:Foucault
6176:Ambedkar
6153:Voltaire
6123:de Staël
6098:Rousseau
5979:Franklin
5954:Constant
5914:Beccaria
5746:Muhammad
5726:Gelasius
5711:Averroes
5685:Xenophon
5665:Polybius
5618:Chanakya
5463:Concepts
5429:Populism
5399:Localism
5384:Islamism
5369:Feminism
5268:Monarchy
5172:Property
5162:Progress
5127:Monopoly
5097:Hegemony
4052:See also
3863:Le Globe
3852:In 1831
3810:Catholic
3790:theology
3606:Napoleon
3500:and the
3498:Atlantic
3397:and the
3254:Humanism
3227:Centrism
3177:Zimbabwe
3131:Whiggism
3091:Thailand
3056:Slovenia
3051:Slovakia
3026:Portugal
2999:Paraguay
2922:Liberism
2887:Honduras
2805:Colombia
2778:Bulgaria
2571:Rathenau
2546:Milyukov
2466:Macaulay
2436:Kołłątaj
2408:Kymlicka
2388:Friedman
2333:Cassirer
2323:Hobhouse
2258:Constant
2253:Humboldt
2213:Beccaria
2178:Rousseau
2173:Voltaire
2016:Property
1979:Positive
1974:Negative
1930:Religion
1908:Economic
1881:Equality
1804:Catholic
1774:National
1769:Muscular
1747:Feminist
1742:Cultural
1701:a series
1699:Part of
1594:Category
1333:Erlander
1293:Kerensky
1263:Connolly
1120:Thompson
1105:Bookchin
1095:Montseny
1045:Vanzetti
1010:Einstein
980:Landauer
885:Saltykov
880:Lassalle
840:Proudhon
622:Gandhian
607:Feminist
557:Buddhist
537:Agrarian
515:Variants
179:a series
177:Part of
6874:Statism
6787:Elitism
6745:Related
6546:(51 BC)
6476:Strauss
6451:Scruton
6446:Schmitt
6436:Russell
6356:Michels
6351:Maurras
6346:Marcuse
6306:Kautsky
6276:Gramsci
6271:Gentile
6241:Dworkin
6231:Du Bois
6226:Dmowski
6221:Chomsky
6216:Burnham
6201:Benoist
6171:Agamben
6138:Thoreau
6128:Stirner
6118:Spencer
6063:Mazzini
6053:Maistre
6048:Madison
6043:Le Play
5974:Fourier
5939:Carlyle
5919:Bentham
5909:Bastiat
5904:Bakunin
5881:Spinoza
5871:Müntzer
5841:Leibniz
5814:Grotius
5794:Bossuet
5761:Plethon
5706:Aquinas
5675:Sun Tzu
5643:Mencius
5633:Han Fei
5404:Marxism
5364:Fascism
5197:Society
5122:Liberty
5107:Justice
5087:Freedom
4981:article
4958:(ed.).
4944::
4729:10 June
4177:(ed.),
3683:suicide
3677:, Paris
3502:Pacific
3457:Marxism
3455:), and
3441:liberal
3382:French:
3167:Uruguay
3106:Ukraine
3096:Tunisia
3041:Senegal
3031:Romania
2979:Nigeria
2954:Moldova
2897:Iceland
2892:Hungary
2870:Germany
2865:Georgia
2855:Finland
2850:Estonia
2840:Ecuador
2835:Denmark
2830:Czechia
2815:Croatia
2768:Bolivia
2763:Belgium
2758:Austria
2748:Armenia
2743:Albania
2611:Jenkins
2606:Kennedy
2596:Pearson
2581:Einaudi
2566:Gokhale
2526:Itagaki
2521:Naoroji
2516:Mommsen
2496:Lincoln
2486:Mazzini
2471:Kossuth
2456:Broglie
2451:Bolívar
2446:Artigas
2441:Madison
2303:Spencer
2288:Emerson
2278:Bastiat
2263:Ricardo
2223:Bentham
2163:Spinoza
2120:History
2021:Private
1969:Liberty
1903:Freedom
1823:Secular
1811:Islamic
1789:Radical
1726:Schools
1428:Sánchez
1413:Sankara
1373:Mandela
1358:Kreisky
1348:Allende
1343:Senghor
1338:Douglas
1323:Durruti
1288:Trotsky
1180:Graeber
1160:Hampton
1130:Chomsky
1075:Marcuse
1060:Gramsci
1050:Bordiga
1040:Polanyi
995:Russell
985:Berkman
975:Goldman
965:Du Bois
935:Kautsky
930:Bellamy
895:Tolstoy
870:Wallace
855:Bakunin
845:Greeley
835:Blanqui
815:Fourier
762:Zionist
752:Utopian
692:Popular
687:Owenism
667:Marxism
647:Liberal
632:Islamic
592:Ethical
587:Digital
562:Chinese
527:African
211:Outline
206:History
96:Paris,
6736:(1992)
6726:(1971)
6716:(1951)
6706:(1945)
6696:(1944)
6686:(1929)
6676:(1859)
6666:(1848)
6646:(1820)
6636:(1791)
6626:(1790)
6616:(1762)
6606:(1748)
6596:(1689)
6586:(1651)
6576:(1532)
6566:(1313)
6496:Walzer
6486:Taylor
6441:Sartre
6406:Popper
6401:Pareto
6396:Ortega
6381:Nozick
6371:Mouffe
6321:Laclau
6281:Guénon
6266:Gandhi
6206:Berlin
6196:Bauman
6191:Badiou
6181:Arendt
6148:Tucker
6038:Le Bon
5999:Herder
5989:Haller
5984:Godwin
5969:Fichte
5964:Engels
5959:Cortés
5929:Bonald
5886:Suárez
5861:Milton
5851:Luther
5824:Hobbes
5809:Filmer
5799:Calvin
5784:Boétie
5777:period
5756:Ockham
5623:Cicero
5424:Nazism
5212:Utopia
5187:Rights
5177:Regime
5147:People
5132:Nation
4954:". In
4938:
4913:Vol. 2
4865:
4820:
4788:
4758:
4647:
4620:
4593:
4548:
4523:
4496:
4461:
4415:
4381:
4044:(1825)
4032:(1822)
4018:(1819)
4006:(1803)
3837:, the
3833:, the
3806:dogmas
3744:social
3583:penury
3160:Modern
3101:Turkey
3086:Taiwan
3076:Sweden
3046:Serbia
3036:Russia
3014:Poland
2994:Panama
2989:Norway
2949:Mexico
2934:Latvia
2912:Israel
2875:Greece
2860:France
2825:Cyprus
2783:Canada
2773:Brazil
2733:Europe
2631:Macron
2576:Madero
2541:Deakin
2531:Levski
2506:Cavour
2491:Juárez
2481:Cobden
2413:Badawi
2403:Nozick
2383:Berlin
2373:Popper
2348:Keynes
2343:Ortega
2308:Arnold
2268:Guizot
2228:Korais
2193:Turgot
2153:Milton
2033:Rights
2026:Public
1935:Speech
1913:Market
1886:Gender
1833:Techno
1828:Social
1816:Jewish
1752:Equity
1423:Marcos
1418:Chávez
1408:Corbyn
1383:Manley
1378:Dubček
1368:Nasser
1308:Makhno
1298:Attlee
1283:Martov
1268:Gandhi
1223:Babeuf
1213:Mazdak
1175:Hedges
1155:Öcalan
1140:Newton
1100:Sartre
1090:Guérin
1085:Orwell
1035:Korsch
1030:Lukács
1015:Keller
1005:Rocker
950:Ferrer
905:Morris
900:Michel
875:Lavrov
865:Engels
850:Herzen
825:Leroux
757:Yellow
662:Market
637:Jewish
432:Models
130:School
119:Region
98:France
79:France
48:after
6885:Index
6514:Works
6501:Weber
6466:Spann
6461:Sorel
6426:Röpke
6421:Rawls
6376:Negri
6366:Mosca
6361:Mises
6326:Lenin
6296:Hoppe
6291:Hayek
6256:Fromm
6246:Evola
6236:Dugin
6133:Taine
6113:Smith
6093:Renan
6088:Paine
6009:Iqbal
5994:Hegel
5944:Comte
5934:Burke
5846:Locke
5836:James
5789:Bodin
5721:Dante
5716:Bruni
5670:Shang
5653:Plato
5207:State
5157:Power
5142:Peace
5077:Elite
5055:Terms
4718:(1).
3995:Works
3888:Egypt
3792:. In
3701:Ideas
3689:Death
3286:Right
3071:Spain
2929:Japan
2917:Italy
2902:India
2845:Egypt
2793:China
2788:Chile
2626:Obama
2601:Ohlin
2536:Kemal
2393:Rawls
2368:Hayek
2358:Čapek
2338:Mises
2328:Croce
2318:Weber
2313:Acton
2243:Staël
2208:Paine
2198:Burke
2183:Smith
2158:Locke
1925:Press
1918:Trade
1891:Legal
1759:Green
1609:Songs
1583:Lists
1388:Palme
1238:Bebel
1228:Blanc
1190:Saito
1165:Žižek
1145:Wolff
1080:James
1065:Sacco
1055:Serge
1025:Volin
970:Gorky
960:Wells
955:Dewey
940:Wilde
925:Sorel
910:Jones
820:Cabet
790:Paine
737:State
727:Sewer
627:Guild
405:needs
260:Ideas
75:Paris
6416:Rand
6411:Qutb
6311:Kirk
6186:Aron
6103:Sade
6083:Owen
6068:Mill
6058:Marx
6026:Kant
6004:Hume
5866:More
5766:Wang
5648:Mozi
5072:Duty
4863:ISBN
4818:ISBN
4786:ISBN
4756:ISBN
4731:2023
4645:ISBN
4618:ISBN
4591:ISBN
4546:ISBN
4521:ISBN
4494:ISBN
4459:ISBN
4413:ISBN
4379:ISBN
3917:and
3856:and
3812:and
3463:and
3281:Left
3004:Peru
2907:Iran
2820:Cuba
2586:King
2476:Deák
2378:Aron
2298:Mill
2273:List
2188:Kant
1784:Ordo
1403:Lula
1318:Nagy
1313:Tito
1278:Blum
1253:Debs
1233:Hong
1218:Roux
1170:West
1125:Ward
1110:Zinn
860:Marx
810:Owen
780:More
532:Arab
458:OGAS
86:Died
57:Born
6481:Sun
6341:Mao
5217:War
5112:Law
4720:doi
4451:doi
4405:doi
3492:.
2398:Sen
2248:Say
1779:Neo
1393:Che
1150:Ali
1070:Day
830:Sue
109:Era
6916::
4816:.
4804:*
4770:^
4754:.
4752:27
4716:66
4714:.
4710:.
4655:^
4492:.
4490:26
4472:^
4457:,
4411:,
4377:.
4375:25
4359:^
4280:^
4250:^
4229:11
4227:.
4202:^
4186:^
4136:^
4116:^
4096:^
3964:,
3894:.
3849:.
3624:.
3527:.
3447:,
3439:,
3405:.
2363:Hu
1703:on
181:on
77:,
5040:e
5033:t
5026:v
4871:.
4826:.
4794:.
4764:.
4733:.
4722::
4626:.
4599:.
4554:.
4529:.
4502:.
4453::
4407::
4387:.
4231:.
3459:—
3380:(
3362:e
3355:t
3348:v
1685:e
1678:t
1671:v
1635:)
1631:(
403:/
69:)
65:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
