Cooperative - Knowledge

2136: 2991:(BECs) are a subset of worker cooperatives that represent a new approach to providing support to the creation of new businesses. Like other business creation support schemes, BEC's enable budding entrepreneurs to experiment with their business idea while benefiting from a secure income. The innovation BECs introduce is that once the businesses are established, the entrepreneurs are not forced to leave and set up independently, but can stay and become full members of the cooperative. The micro-enterprises then combine to form one multi-activity enterprise whose members provide a mutually supportive environment for each other. BECs thus provide budding business people with an easy transition from inactivity to self-employment, but in a collective framework. They open up new horizons for people who have ambition but who lack the skills or confidence needed to set off entirely on their own – or who simply want to carry on an independent economic activity but within a supportive group context. 2396: 2004: 3758:, lawyers have debated whether the relationship between members in the worker cooperative also constitute an employment relationship to which the rules governing pais dependent work are applicable. Some say yes, mainly based on the argument that participation in the management and direction is not incompatible with the condition of subordination and that the individual is subordinated to the majority vote. However, other interpretations say that the link between members and the worker cooperatives is not a labor relation. In many law cases it has been widely adopted that the size of the cooperative is decisive for this question since the personal contribution of members is more important in small cooperatives. 3345:

platforms insofar as they are owned and governed by those who depend on them most—workers, users, and other relevant stakeholders. Proponents of platform cooperativism claim that, by ensuring the financial and social value of a platform circulate among these participants, platform cooperatives will bring about a more equitable and fair digitally mediated economy in contrast with the extractive models of corporate intermediaries. Platform cooperatives differ from traditional cooperatives not only due to their use of digital technologies, but also by their contribution to the

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is the mutual support between WCs. The case of Cooperativa Mondragón is paradigmatic in this sense: during the 80s, some cooperatives were experiencing financial difficulties, and Mondragon redeployed workers in the struggling co-operatives to ones that were better off. Those who were not redeployed were given income assistance that equaled 80% of their salary. The central control structure of Mondragon allowed for this to happen. This would have been unlikely to happen in unorganized and autonomous co-operatives. This same scheme to save employment prevented

4047:, a type of cooperative bank, had five times lower failure rate than other banks during the financial crisis and more than doubled lending to small businesses between 2008 and 2016, from $ 30 billion to $ 60 billion, while lending to small businesses overall during the same period declined by around $ 100 billion. Public trust in credit unions stands at 60%, compared to 30% for big banks and small businesses are five times less likely to be dissatisfied with a credit union than with a big bank. 2778:

Volksbanken-Raiffeisen banks have a market share of approximately 21% of domestic credit and domestic deposits. In the Netherlands, Rabobank holds 34% of deposits, and in France cooperative banks (Crédit Agricole, Crédit Mutuel and BPCE Group) possess more than 59% of domestic credit and 61% of domestic deposits. In Finland, OP financial group holds 35% and 38% of domestic credit and deposits, respectively, and in Canada, Desjardins holds around 42% of domestic deposits and 22% of domestic credit.

13365: 12319: 2495: 3198:(co-operative society of collective interest) is a type of multi-stakeholder co-operative structure introduced in France in 1982. A SCIC must have at least three different categories of members, including users and employees. Other stakeholder groups that may be represented are volunteers, public authorities and other individual or corporate supporters. Voting is on a 'one member, one vote' basis, though voting in colleges is also provided for under certain circumstances. 4768: 745: 12282: 2480: 3676:

whose concerns and interests may be different from those of common members." If the manager is already a worker-member of the cooperative, the problem might be resolved; but if the manager is hired specifically for managerial purposes, some hierarchies can arise. The contradiction with the issue of size comes with the social impact of the cooperative: greater size usually means greater social impact, but also has a toll on internal democracy.

15257: 3664:’s theory concerning cooperatives as: "he cooperative structure alters the socio-economic relations of their members, aligning their interests with one another on the basis of a strong principle of equality. It is this alignment of interests on the basis of equality that gives cooperatives their strongly democratic character." According to Kaswan himself, internal democracy is mostly defined by the type and the size of the cooperative. 4574: 2854: 4927: 1712: 2959:

retention of individual, collective or majority voting rights. A worker cooperative, therefore, has the characteristic that the majority of its workforce owns shares, and the majority of shares are owned by the workforce. Membership is not always compulsory for employees, but generally, only employees can become members either directly (as shareholders) or indirectly through membership of a trust that owns the company.

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Research Alliance found that the three-year survival rate of cooperatives in Alberta to be 81.5% in comparison to 48% for traditional firms. Another report by the aforementioned Research Alliance found that in British Columbia, the five-year survival rates for cooperatives between 2000 and 2010 to be 66.6% in comparison to conventional businesses that had 43% and 39% in the years 1984 and 1993 respectively.

3546:, working conditions are "the core elements of work relationships determined by the social, psychological, and physical factors that influence the workplace and the interaction that employees experience at work" and "typically include the nature of employment, working hours, job characteristics, compensation, work interactions, physical work environment, and written and unwritten work expectations". 2774:

cooperatives in 109 countries in 2016, serving more than 235 million members, with total assets exceeding 1.7 trillion dollars. It is worth noting that the WOCCU's data do not include some major financial cooperative networks in Europe, such as Germany, Finland, France, Denmark, and Italy. In many high-income economies, financial cooperatives hold significant market shares of the banking sector.

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greater strategic emphasis on confronting the larger scales of human organization. As they viewed the capitalist class to be politically, militarily and culturally mobilized for the purpose of maintaining an exploitable working class, they fought in the early 20th century to appropriate from the capitalist class the society's collective political capacity in the form of

2155:). The cooperative provided a cheap loan from funds generated by regular savings for members of the cooperative. Members of cooperative had to commit to a moral life and had to plant two trees in a public place every year. Despite the short duration of its existence, until 1851, it thus formed the basis of the cooperative movement in Slovakia. Slovak national thinker 2214:. The International Cooperative Alliance was founded in London, England on 19 August 1895 during the 1st Cooperative Congress. In attendance were delegates from cooperatives from Argentina, Australia, Belgium, England, Denmark, France, Germany, Holland, India, Italy, Switzerland, Serbia, and the US. A second organization formed later in Germany: the International 4020:. The cooperative banking sector had 20% market share of the European banking sector, but accounted for only 7 percent of all the write-downs and losses between the third quarter of 2007 and the first quarter of 2011. Cooperative banks were also over-represented in lending to small and medium-sized businesses in all of the 10 countries included in the report. 3148:

equitably distribute assets and other benefits means capital ownership is arranged in a way for social benefit inside the organization. External societal benefit is also encouraged by incorporating the operating-principle of cooperation between co-operatives. In the final year of the 20th century, cooperatives banded together to establish a number of

3041:, supply cooperatives bring down members' costs. Supply cooperatives may provide seeds, fertilizers, chemicals, fuel, and farm machinery. Some supply cooperatives also operate machinery pools that provide mechanical field services (e.g., plowing, harvesting) to their members. Examples include the American cranberry-and-grapefruit cooperative 3860:"does not carry out a cooperative activity" and "has not been established with the purpose of fulfilling the objectives set forth in the Cooperatives Law but only with the aim of obtaining certain benefits that are linked to it, creating a merely formal appearance of a cooperative", for example, to avoid paying the Social Security fees. 4542:, such as the perceived increase in work pressure (some workers feel that since they are the owners of their means of production, they are pressured into working more by other colleagues), or the ambiguity of the relationship between other workers (everyone being in the same decision-making position can create conflicts among workers). 4736:: unfortunately, within workers cooperatives sexual violence happens sometimes. It is often hidden by the false supposition that in cooperatives everything is shared and done collectively, which might create an environment that might hide sexual violence. For example, under such a climate of trust and confidence, inappropriate 3832:

members of it; after that, cooperatives are legally obliged to make those workers part of the cooperative. Some cooperatives commit labour fraud because they either have a smaller percentage of cooperativised workers than mandated by law, or they have people working without becoming members for more time than legally allowed.

3248:: clients and people who want to support the project without having a contractual or commercial relationship with it. Anyone can become part of this category by buying shares worth a minimum of €105 (currently 5 shares of €21), and a maximum of €5,000. As of September 2020 the cooperative was not accepting new members; 2471:) is the form of capital that the cooperative accumulates from the paid participation shares of its members. The total amount of participation shares the paid to the cooperative constitutes the cooperative capital. The co-operative share capital is usually non-withdrawable and indivisible to the cooperative members. 3293:(NGCs) are an adaptation of traditional cooperative structures to modern, capital intensive industries. They are sometimes described as a hybrid between traditional co-ops and limited liability companies or public benefit corporations. They were first developed in California and spread and flourished in the US 4090:, self-financing schemes include the act and the practice of using one's own capital to provide funding for an enterprise. The main advantage of self-financing is that it sets the cooperative free from outside influence and debt, but the capacity to expand the coop might be constrained by the lack of capital. 2278:. Economic democracy is a socioeconomic philosophy that suggests an expansion of decision-making power from a small minority of corporate shareholders to a larger majority of public stakeholders. There are many different approaches to thinking about and building economic democracy. Anarchists are committed to 4174:, that are awards typically given by foundations or governments, can also be a source of financiation for cooperatives. They differ from loans in the fact that they under most conditions they do not have to be paid back. Some grants have waiting periods before the grantee can take full ownership of them. 4550:

reported the quality of supervision, feedback, and training was superior in their co-op job. Their research also showed that within co-ops, training and skill-building matters for democratic governance: workers who received cooperative-specific training participated more in workplace decision making.

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Usually, growing the business is not the main goal of a cooperative (the main goal is to redistribute profit among its members), but sometimes it is necessary to reinvest a part of the profits in the form of new capital, which will allow the cooperative to expand its operations and increase profit in

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regulations, the following scheme has been used: if a business wants to pay less than what the sector agreement of its economic sector establishes, the business can create a cooperative, which is not subjected to it, hire all the workers using that cooperative, and then outsource the activity to this

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argues that, as paraphrased by Kaswan, "assembly-style direct democracy can only effectively function in fairly small organisations". Kaswan states: "Increasing size also increases the complexity of management. This can lead to the problem of 'managerialism', or the development of powerful officials

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The formation of cooperatives has been used many times to create jobs in economically depressed sites. The communalization of wealth in poor areas often allows them to make the first investment in capital, which allows them to set the cooperative and start having benefits, thus producing an inflow of

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Research shows that in times of crisis, employment and wages are more protected in WC than in conventional firms; since the focus of WCs is on protecting employment and because the workers that control the WC do not want to lose their jobs, WC are generally more willing to protect them. This does not

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In 2021, Hanson and Purushinkaya performed a survey on working conditions of cooperatives in the US, in which cooperativists expressed that they were making wages above the minimum for good living conditions. According to the report, they received, on average, 3,52 $ /hour more than at their previous

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Retail cooperatives are retailers, such as grocery stores, owned by their customers. They should not be confused with retailers' cooperatives, whose members are retailers rather than consumers. In Singapore, Italy, and Finland the company with the largest market share in the grocery store sector is a

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The .coop domain and Co-operative Marque were designed as a new symbol of the global cooperative movement and its collective identity in the digital age. The Co-operative Marque and domain is reserved just for co-operatives, credit unions and organisations that support co-operatives; is distinguished

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embraced these ideas in economic enterprises, firstly among tradespeople, and later in cooperative stores, educational institutes, financial institutions and industrial enterprises. The common thread (enacted in different ways, and subject to the constraints of various systems of national law) is the

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Exclusionary leadership: in some occasions, the management of cooperatives involves electing leaders for specific purposes. The under-representation of women in the democratic spaces can result in them having a smaller chance of being elected as representatives or leaders. Statistics show that women

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Challenge grants are funds disbursed by governments, foundations and trusts on completion of challenge requirements. The challenge refers to the actions or results that must be achieved before money is released. The challenge could require a new solution to an existing problem that had been ignored.

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A cooperative can have different assets from which it can get money without having to sell those assets. For example, if the cooperative has money in the bank, and the bank gives interests, it can generate some more money. Or for example, if the cooperative owns a place and rents it, it can get some

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A 2010 report by the Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export in Québec found the five-year survival rate and ten-year survival rate of cooperatives in Québec to be 62% and 44% respectively compared to 35% and 20% for conventional firms. Another report by the BC-Alberta Social economy

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Safe and regenerative working place. Applications based on biomimicry and biophilia to promote natural, healthy and diverse environments (different places for calmness, meditation, creativity, stimuli, team bond generation, individual reflection, exercise, connection with nature, water, plants, art,

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Remote work for all staff, with the possibility to do the full working week that way, but also putting some mandatory in-person moments for everyone (conflict resolution, first meetings with new employees, farewell for leaving employees, conflict resolution, strategically and/or politically relevant

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Revise periodically how the flow of information goes, and see if there are individuals or segments of the coop excluded from this flow, for whatever reason (lack of proper access, unclear messages, technical jargon, excessive workload, etc.), and define collective measures to define what is relevant

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Research shows that WC show higher adaptability to crisis and economic hardships than CF. During negative demand shocks, WCs contain employment drop and allow a greater downward wage adjustment (the workers themselves decided to lower their own wages to keep the jobs). Another adaptability mechanism

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Research also shows that the difference of wages between workers hired by the cooperative and workers that are members of the cooperative is small (a worker can work for the cooperative but not be a member of it). Two explanations have been proposed: the first one is that the spirit of cooperativism

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Research also shows that the effect of output price changes on wage variations is positive for both conventional firms (CF) and cooperatives (WC), but larger in WCs than in CFs. This means that, because the distribution of wealth is much greater in WCs, an increase in the benefits of a WC usually is

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The aim of a community cooperative is often to create a more equitable and sustainable economy that serves the needs of local residents, rather than generating profits for external shareholders. By working together and pooling resources, members can often achieve economies of scale, negotiate better

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A consumers' cooperative is a business owned by its customers. Members vote on major decisions and elect the board of directors from among their own number. The first of these was set up in 1844 in the North-West of England by 28 weavers who wanted to sell food at a lower price than the local shops.

2287:. Though they regard the state as an unnecessarily oppressive institution, Marxists considered appropriating national and international-scale capitalist institutions and resources (such as the state) to be an important first pillar in creating conditions favorable to solidaristic economies. With the 4553:

Another research also shows that worker cooperatives are still beneficial for job satisfaction even if their activity is in no sense related to the social and solidarity economy or has no social purpose at all. According to Hyungsik Eum this is because "in worker cooperatives, worker-members have a

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the future. This is especially true during the initial steps of the cooperative, in which its operations have to grow to the point in which they have regained the initial capital investment. The capital reinvestments are decided collectively through the democratic mechanisms that a cooperative has.

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Another explanation is that the collective work environment enhances job satisfaction, thus augmenting productivity. Research has shown that collectivists working in simulated collectivist cultures do in fact produce more cooperative behavior than do individualists (i.e., those low in collectivism)

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Many cooperatives are accused of being instruments to be used to lay off workers, to out-source and to exploit workers and small producers. The "cooperativatisation" of both public and private sector activities in some countries has been accompanied by a deterioration of working conditions. This is

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However, the fact that the wealth is distributed between the already hired workers has the downside of preventing the cooperatives of hiring more workers, thus having a rate of creation of new jobs that is lower than CF. However, in WC changes on output prices does not translate in more employment,

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Cooperatives traditionally combine social benefit interests with capitalistic property-right interests. Cooperatives achieve a mix of social and capital purposes by democratically governing distribution questions by and between equal but not controlling members. Democratic oversight of decisions to

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owned and democratically controlled by its members. Members often have a close association with the enterprise as producers or consumers of its products or services, or as its employees. The legal entities have a range of social characteristics. Membership is open, meaning that anyone who satisfies

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A 2017 report published by the Office for National Statistics found that, in the UK, the rate of survival of cooperatives after 5 years was 80 percent compared with only 41 percent for other enterprises. A further study found that after 10 years, 44 percent of cooperatives were still in operation,

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Usually, the law establishes that a cooperative is required to have a minimum percentage of workers-owners (usually 33%). Cooperatives can hire workers that are not part of the cooperative, but the law usually establishes a maximum amount of time that they can work in the cooperative without being

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However, the recognition of cooperatives as different entities than conventional firms sometimes creates a legal void that has been used regularly for labour fraud. For example, in Spain, cooperatives are not subjected to the sectoral collective agreements of each sector. In some cases, businesses

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SCICs must have a 'general interest' objective. Public bodies can subscribe for up to 20% of the capital. The status allows an association to convert into a co-operative without having to change its legal form. The relative rigidity of the structure, combined with the government's failure to grant

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A particularly successful form of multi-stakeholder cooperative is the Italian "social cooperative", of which some 11,000 exist. "Type A" social cooperatives bring together providers and beneficiaries of a social service as members. "Type B" social cooperatives bring together permanent workers and

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The Rochdale principles state that cooperatives should have limited return on equity investments, so its usual for most of the cooperatives to not use equity investments, and, if they do, pay few dividends to the shareholders. The main reason for which they do that is that distributing profits as

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Assets can also be converted to money. For example, if the cooperative owns shares of another company, they can sell them and turn them into liquidity. Or if the cooperative owns a building, it can sell it. Different types of assets can be converted to liquidity with different levels of ease: for

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Mark Kaswan argues that the type of activity developed by a cooperative is one of the main factors that determines how democratic it is. For example, in worker cooperatives, the workers spend a lot of time in contact with each other, having a high level of both interaction and interdependency. In

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The most common way to do it all at once before joining the cooperative, but other financing schemes have been proposed. For example, some cooperatives do not ask for an initial investment, but rather require workers to work for a certain period of time, while retaining a percentage of the wage,

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This issue of having access and voice in the formal spaces for decision making of the cooperative becomes more important the bigger the cooperative gets. Research shows that, in larger cooperatives, member participation is lower than in smaller cooperatives, and there is a deterioration of

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A platform cooperative, or platform co-op, is a cooperatively owned, democratically governed business that establishes a computing platform, and uses a protocol, website or mobile app to facilitate the sale of goods and services. Platform cooperatives are an alternative to venture capital-funded

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An innovative governance provision ensure that no one group of members can dominate the others. In practice board decisions are taken by consensus. In the event of a vote, each director has one vote, and except where the cooperative's registered or internal rules provide otherwise, decisions are

3227:: the people providing the financial means necessary to achieve the enterprise's ambitions, currently four of the project's founders. This category holds 94% of the shares but only exercises 50% of the votes. The board will consider applications from people wishing to invest in excess of €25,000; 2821:

A community cooperative is owned and governed by members of a local geographical community. It is established to meet the community's needs by providing goods or services that are not available or affordable through traditional market channels. This is distinct from meeting individuals' needs as

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There are many types of cooperative financial institutions with different names across the world, including financial cooperatives ('cooperativa financiera' is the Spanish term used in Latin America), cooperative banks, credit unions, and savings and credit cooperatives ('cooperativa de ahorro y

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and have focused on local organization, including locally managed cooperatives, linked through confederations of unions, cooperatives and communities. Marxists, who as socialists have likewise held and worked for the goal of democratizing productive and reproductive relationships, often placed a

2055:, and proceeded to introduce better labour standards, including discounted retail shops where profits were passed on to his employees. Owen left New Lanark to pursue other forms of cooperative organization and develop coop ideas through writing and lecture. Cooperative communities were set up in 1967:

Cooperation dates back as far as human beings have been organizing for mutual benefits. Tribes were organized as cooperative structures, allocating jobs and resources among each other, only trading with the external communities. In alpine environments, trade could only be maintained in organized

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Especially at the start of a cooperative, this is used in some cases. It involves a person or a legal entity that, with a financial contribution, favours the establishment of a company and the carrying out of the social activity. Typically, they make part of the initial investment, and once the

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There is a legal debate on whether to consider being a member of a cooperative as a formal worker or not. For instance, it has been claimed that “the relationship of the worker-member with their cooperative should be considered as distinct from that of conventional wage-based dependent work and

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For example, one of the basic issues with internal democracy is to make sure that every worker has access to all the information of the cooperative, and that is aware of every debate that is happening within the cooperative. It is important to make sure that all important decisions are taken in

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Overworking due to the need for competitiveness applies to cooperatives as well. Some authors argue that the limitation of working hours in a cooperative should only apply for non-members workers of the coop (hired workers), whereas member workers should be allowed to work as much as they want,

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than regular firms. This is demonstrated by the fact that cooperatives have a lower turnover rate (rate of workers leaving a firm) compared to regular firms. However, cooperatives do not always show improved working conditions compared to traditional businesses. In fact, the different nature of

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In general terms, research shows that productivity in worker's cooperatives is higher than in conventional firms. For example, Fakhfakh et al. (2012) show that in several industries, conventional firms would produce more with their current levels of employment and capital when they adopted the

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of 303:1. This means that in worker's cooperatives there is much more distribution of wealth between the members of the cooperatives, which means that workers that are at the bottom of the organizational pyramid make more money than workers that are at the bottom of the pyramid but that are in

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those of type B integrate disadvantaged people into the labour market. The categories of disadvantage they target may include physical and mental disability, drug and alcohol addiction, developmental disorders and problems with the law. They do not include other factors of disadvantage such as

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Financial cooperatives hold a significant market share in Europe and Latin America, as well as a few countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. They also have a strong presence in Asia, Australia, and the United States. According to the World Council of Credit Unions (WOCCU), there were 68,882 financial

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and voice, and professional development. They also found that the majority of individual respondents described their job security, job satisfaction, work effort, and the economic stability of the company as somewhat or much better than what they experienced in their last job. Also, a majority

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This is the main form of financing in cooperatives. Usually, workers cooperatives do not only socialize the labor force, but also a part of the economical wealth of each member, that is put in a pool together with the rest of contributions, and that constitutes the capital of the cooperative.

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basis, though hybrid forms exist in which consumers, community members or investors also own some shares (though these shares may or may not have voting power). In practice, control by worker-owners may be exercised through individual, collective or majority ownership by the workforce, or the

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The focus that cooperatives have in protecting jobs is reflected in research. Hanson and Prushinkaya have showed that, in the US, turnover rates are lower in WC than in CF (the turnover rate is the percentage of employees leaving a company within a certain period of time). Jobs at workers’

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Members of a building cooperative (in Britain known as a self-build housing cooperative) pool resources to build housing, normally using a high proportion of their own labor. When the building is finished, each member is the sole owner of a homestead, and the cooperative may be dissolved.

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in these cultures. Furthermore, it has been argued that collectivists’ ideological commitment to the group members yields higher levels of motivation. Consequently, in addition to making turnover less likely, high collectivism in the WC environment should translate to high performance.

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The impact of political ideology on practice constrains the development of cooperatives in different countries. In India, there is a form of workers' cooperative which insists on compulsory membership for all employees and compulsory employment for all members. That is the form of the

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before being granted a political voice. Throughout the second half of the nineteenth century (and then repeatedly every twenty years or so) there was a surge in the number of cooperative organisations, both in commercial practice and civil society, operating to advance democracy and

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In the case of electricity, cooperatives are generally either generation and transmission (G&T) co-ops that create and send power via the transmission grid or local distribution co-ops that gather electricity from a variety of sources and send it along to homes and businesses.

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A second common form of cooperative federation is a cooperative union, whose objective (according to Gide) is "to develop the spirit of solidarity among societies and... in a word, to exercise the functions of a government whose authority, it is needless to say, is purely moral."

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also extends to hired workers; and the second that sometimes employees are needed for highly skilled jobs, which provides them with strong bargaining power enabling them to defend their employment positions and to compensate for their lack of formal control rights over the firm.

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According to the European Association of Cooperative Banks, the market share of cooperative banks in the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) credit market by the end of 2016 was 37% in Finland, 45% in France, 33% in Germany, 43% in the Netherlands, and 22% in Canada. In Germany,

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principle that an enterprise or association should be owned and controlled by the people it serves, and share any surpluses on the basis of each member's cooperative contribution (as a producer, labourer or consumer) rather than their capacity to invest financial capital.

6120:(421/2013, Cooperatives act).§ 2: "Osuuskunta on jäsenistään erillinen oikeushenkilö, joka syntyy rekisteröimisellä." This translates as, "A cooperative is a legal person separate from its persons, born by registration." Finlex database. Retrieved 4 December 2015. 4226:, they began a crowdfunding campaign to get the initial money needed to create a cooperative that included all the workers that previously worked there. They used that money to make the initial investments to reconvert the factory to manufacture bicycle parts, with a 3420:

in which all of the members are themselves cooperatives. Historically, these have predominantly come in the form of cooperative wholesale societies, and cooperative unions. Cooperative federations are a means through which cooperative societies can fulfill the sixth

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on the role of women, and other instilled cultural practices that sidestep attempted legal protections, women and other disadvantaged groups suffer a disproportionately low representation in cooperative membership around the world. Representation of women through

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various categories of stakeholder may become members, including paid employees, beneficiaries, volunteers (up to 50% of members), financial investors and public institutions. In type B cooperatives at least 30% of the members must be from the disadvantaged target

3844:, and in this way it does not have to pay according to the agreement, and since the workers are hired by the cooperative and not by the company, they are not subject to the either the sector agreement or social security. This is the case, for example, of Spain's 4455:

If a cooperative has had profits at some point, it should have some savings, which it can use in times of economic losses. In this way, they can absorb the losses simply with the money they already had, not having to affect neither wages, employment, or stocks.

4297:, is the practice of lending money through online services that directly match lenders with borrowers. Lenders can earn higher returns compared to savings and investment products offered by banks, while borrowers can borrow money at lower interest rates. 4122:

The current budget of the cooperative: if a cooperative is already economically well established, probably the requirements will be lower. However, if the cooperative is still young and still requires a lot of investments, the initial requirement will be

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Potential solutions to this fraudulent usage of workers’ cooperatives have been suggested, such as covering the legal void that allows this to happen, creating cooperative federations that ensure the cooperative identity and its regular functioning, etc.

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Crowdfunding is a way of sourcing money for a project by asking a large number of contributors to individually donate a small amount to it. In return, the backers may receive token rewards that increase in prestige as the size of the donation increases.

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prices, and develop services that better meet the needs of their community. Community cooperatives can also help to build social capital and foster a sense of community ownership and pride. They have been successful vehicles for rural development in the

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We have already seen that, in times of economical hardships, cooperatives are more willing to reduce their wages rather than reduce employment, whereas conventional firms would rather fire some people and keep the same wages for the rest of them.

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Producer cooperatives have producers as their members and provide services involved in moving a product from the point of production to the point of consumption. Unlike worker cooperatives, they allow businesses with multiple employees to join.

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In Tanzania, it has been proven that the cooperative method is helpful in water distribution. When the people are involved with their own water, they care more because the quality of their work has a direct effect on the quality of their water.

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Multi-stakeholder or hybrid cooperatives that share ownership between different stakeholder groups. For example, care cooperatives where ownership is shared between both care-givers and receivers. Stakeholders might also include non-profits or

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According to Pam a Pam, having internal democracy is not limited to having communal spaces of debate and decision making, but also ensuring that the participation in those spaces is not limited by issues of positionality, privilege, or rank.

2226:'s oldest national membership association. It is dedicated to ensuring that cooperative businesses have the same opportunities as other businesses operating in the country and that consumers have access to cooperatives in the marketplace. 4070:

The issue of finance in cooperativism is one of the most importance. Since the failure rates of cooperatives are lower than for conventional firms, the financing schemes used by them are at least as successful as for conventional firms.

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Multi-stakeholder co-operatives also exist in the retail sector. An example is Färm, a Belgian wholefood retailing cooperative founded in 2015 which favours organic and local produce. It operates 16 shops, of which 11 are in Brussels.

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cooperative. In this way, instead of having to hire all the workers directly (thus having to pay the Social Security fees and the minimum wage established by the collective agreement), the company only has to use the cooperative as a

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prior to the rise of trade unions and industrial factories. Weinbren reports that by the end of the 19th century, over 80% of British working age men and 90% of Australian working age men were members of one or more Friendly Society.

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self-employed work”. Some authors argue that cooperatives should have their own legal status differentiated from the legal status of a conventional firm, in order for them to get recognition and adapt the law to its unique features.

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certain non-discriminatory conditions may join. Economic benefits are distributed proportionally to each member's level of participation in the cooperative, for instance, by a dividend on sales or purchases, rather than according to

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Lending or debt instruments provide borrowers with funding in exchange for repayment of this funding along with interest, based on predetermined timeframes and interest rate terms. The provision of funding might require guarantees.

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being the largest example with a turnover of £24 million. There also exist some pseudo-cooperatives, such as the John Lewis Partnership, where profits are distributed to the workers, but at the discretion of a senior elected board.

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Additional requirements could be specified, from programme certification to member participation. An example of a challenge grant would be money that is given by a bank if the cooperative increases membership by a certain amount.

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wealth in the community, which then is redistributed within the members of the cooperatives. This scheme of using cooperatives to create wealth and job opportunities in depressed areas has been famously used, for example, by the

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from governments or private organizations. The latter are usually related to philanthropy. The difference with other types of grants is that they do not require any previous conditions of challenges that need to be achieved.

3005:

A "purchasing cooperative" is a type of cooperative arrangement, often among businesses, to agree to aggregate demand to get lower prices from selected suppliers. Retailers' cooperatives are a form of purchasing cooperative.

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This is one of the most common ways to allocate the losses. Making this decision involves the workers deliberating through the stablished democratic mechanisms on how are the losses going to be distributed among membership.

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has been attributed to how cooperatives share risks and rewards between members, how they harness the ideas of many and how members have a tangible ownership stake in the business. Additionally, "cooperative banks build up

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agencies that have moved to adopt the multi-stakeholder cooperative model. In the years 1994–2009 the EU and its member nations gradually revised national accounting systems to "make visible" the increasing contribution of

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Through all these financial means, a cooperative can create a financial profit. The next set of critical financial decisions becomes how to distribute that profit. There are different forms of redistributing the benefit.

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reflected in a proportional increase in the wages, whereas in CF this increase in the wages is much smaller (since the wealth is accumulated by people in the higher position, or is saved for new corporate investments).

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Corcoran, H.; Wilson, D. (2010). The Worker Co-operative Movements in Italy, Mondragon and France: Context, Success Factors and Lessons. Canadian Worker Cooperative Federation Fédération Canadienne des Coopératives de

4697:, who occupy most of the space, and tend to monopolize the leadership of those democratic spaces. This can result in women having less voice in the cooperative decision making, thus having their needs underrepresented. 8143: 3278:

To ensure that members are committed to the cooperative's values, vision and objectives, to guarantee its long-term finance and to limit financial speculation, shares are not transferable for a period of four years.

3553:, a cooperative has good working conditions when it has stable contracts, working days consistent with the volume of tasks, and offers a higher salary than the established in the collective agreement of the sector. 3357:

A volunteer cooperative is a cooperative that is run by and for a network of volunteers, for the benefit of a defined membership or the general public, to achieve some goal. Depending on the structure, it may be a

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One explanation is that commitment to the cause causes more productivity. The fact that employees can participate in decision-making motivates them to be more involved with the objectives of the cooperative.

2161:

We would very much like such excellent constitutions to be established throughout our region. They would help to rescue people from evil and misery. A beautiful, great idea, a beautiful excellent constitution!

4834:

The local grocery was a co-operative store, sharing profits among its customers. Such shops were popular in South Wales, although no one knew how to pronounce Co-op, variations ranging from "cop" to "quorp".

4323:. Some cooperatives use that as a source of money. In cooperatives equity investments are usually not used, since it is something that is generally believed to go against the principles of cooperativism (the 4642:, they can play a particularly strong role in empowering women, especially in developing countries. Cooperatives allow women who might have been isolated and working individually to band together and create 4004:

A 2012 report published by CICOPA (Europe) showed that in France and Spain, worker cooperatives and social cooperatives "have been more resilient than conventional enterprises during the economic crisis".

2591:, members may sell their shares in the cooperative whenever they like for whatever price the market will bear, much like any other residential property. Market-rate co-ops are very common in New York City. 14228: 14218: 6367: 4335:

Direct capital contribution to a project without the guarantee of repayment; the return on a direct equity investment will depend on the performance of a project/company over the investment period.

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found that in 2012 approximately one billion people in 96 countries had become members of at least one cooperative. The turnover of the largest three hundred cooperatives in the world reached $ 2.2

2353: 1972:

in 1472. Pre-industrial Europe is home to the first cooperatives from an industrial context. The roots of the cooperative movement can be traced to multiple influences and extend worldwide. In the

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Llewellyn, D. and Holmes, M. (1991) 'In Defence of Mutuality: A Redress to an Emerging Conventional Wisdom', Annals of Public and Co-operative Economics, Vol.62(3): pp. 319–354 (p. 327).

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taken by simple majority of those present or represented. But in the event of a tie, if the votes of a group of voters all belong to the same category, the votes of the other categories prevail.

2132:, England set up the society to open their own store selling food items they could not otherwise afford. Within ten years there were over a thousand cooperative societies in the United Kingdom. 5279:

Membership in co-operative businesses has grown to 1 billion people across 96 countries, according to new research published by the Worldwatch Institute for its Vital Signs Online publication.

2451:, which are divided among the members according to their participation in the enterprise, such as patronage, instead of according to the value of their capital shareholdings (as is done by a 2447:

structure. In the US, cooperatives are often organized as non-capital stock corporations under state-specific cooperative laws. Cooperatives often share their earnings with the membership as

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In a 2007 study by the World Council of Credit Unions, the five-year survival rate of cooperatives in the United States was found to be 90% in comparison to 3–5% for traditional businesses.

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Producer cooperatives may also be organized by small businesses for pooling their savings and accessing capital, for acquiring supplies and services, or for marketing products and services.

6231:

Translated quote: 'Cooperative share capital capital of the cooperative resulting from participation shares.', the original quote: 'osuuspääoma osuusmaksuista kertyvä osuuskunnan pääoma.'

4192:. Donations are specially recommendable if the cooperative has a strong aim for social impact and mutual aid, in which case individual or collective donors might be interested in donating. 2241:. This invention improved milk production and created a method of preserving butter, the AIV salt, which led to increased Finnish butter exports. He had started his career in chemistry in 8479: 8466: 7389:

Fakhfakh, Fathi, Virginie Pérotin and Mónica Gago, "Productivity, capital and labor in labormanaged and conventional firms", Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 65 (4), 2012, 847–878.

7659: 7510: 5792: 3824:, thus being able to pay lower or have worse labor conditions than the ones stipulated in the collective agreement, while at the same time retaining the same power and salary pyramids. 7604: 6165: 5663: 12451: 7574: 4843: 5332: 4279:

Concessional and flexible loans include special features such as no or low interest rates, extended repayment schedules, and interest rate modifications during the life of the loan.

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domain. In 2014, ICA introduced the Global Cooperative Marque for use by ICAs Cooperative members and by WOCCU's Credit Union members so they can be further identified by their coop

2135: 4744:, could inadvertently pass as normal. In the most extreme cases, sexual aggressions or even rape is wrongly justified under the excuse of having trust and confidence in each other. 2954:

or producer cooperative is a cooperative owned and democratically controlled by its "worker-owners". In a pure worker cooperative, only the workers own shares of the business on a

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Masulis, R. (1987) 'Changes in Ownership Structure: Conversions of Mutual Savings and Loans to Stock Charter', Journal of Financial economics, Vol.18: pp. 29–59 (p. 32).

1996:

in 1834. As both state and church institutions began to routinely distinguish between the 'deserving' and 'undeserving' poor, a movement of friendly societies grew throughout the

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Cooperatives have been traditionally seen as an alternative to the traditional business model, in which a capitalist has the private ownership of the monetary capital and of the

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noting that "Cooperatives serve their members most effectively and strengthen the cooperative movement by working together through local, regional and international structures."

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Cooperatives frequently have social goals, which they aim to accomplish by investing a proportion of trading profits back into their communities. As an example of this, in 2013,

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What kind of control does the employer have about how the work is performed, pay amounts, hours worked, and whether the worker is free to also work for others and hire helpers?

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In some countries with a strong cooperative sector, such as the UK, cooperatives may find it advantageous to form political groupings to represent their interests. The British

5446: 4538:. also points out that not all of the characteristics of workers cooperatives increase job satisfaction. In fact, they point out that some characteristics are perjudicial for 2971:. In places like the UK, common ownership (indivisible collective ownership) was popular in the 1970s. Cooperative Societies only became legal in Britain after the passing of 6253:

Section 5 — Share capital The total amount of the share prices for outstanding shares, as paid up to the co- operative at any given time, shall constitute the share capital.

4662:, said, "Cooperative businesses have done so much to help women onto the ladder of economic activity. With that comes community respect, political legitimacy and influence." 8140: 8307:

Dana, Leo Paul 2010, "Nunavik, Arctic Quebec: Where Co-operatives Supplement Entrepreneurship", Global Business and Economics Review 12 (1/2), January 2010, pp. 42–71.

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Patronage refunds are the distribution of profits to the members of the cooperative, who have previously invested money in the form of capital by members and social loans.

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There are several explanations for this: higher compensation and wages for workers; higher job satisfaction; greater adaptability to crisis and economic difficulties, etc.

6288: 4707:: patriarchal behavior can also be found in male colleagues, who often, for example, act in patronizing ways, or have distrust in women's capacity to perform certain jobs. 4211: 2443:

and Australia. Cooperatives may take the form of companies limited by shares or by guarantee, partnerships or unincorporated associations. In the UK they may also use the

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example, selling shares is easier and less time-consuming than selling land, which might take months. Thus, shares are much more easily converted to liquidity than land.

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paid on a member's investment into the cooperative. In the United States, many cooperatives were formed to provide rural electrical and telephone service as part of the

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association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically-controlled

6733: 8311: 5644: 1984:" and "surplus sharing" arrangements existed as far back as 1795. The key ideological influence on the Anglosphere branch of the cooperative movement, however, was a 8119: 7300: 6523: 3570: 3566: 3508:, insurance, banking, funeral services, and the travel industry in many parts of the country, although this is still significantly lower than other business models. 3271:

Each member has one vote. The members elect the board of 10 at the annual general meeting. Each category of members has at least one board member to represent them.

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by its ethical badge that subscribes to the seven ICA Cooperative Principles and Co-op Values. Co-ops can be identified on the Internet through the use of the .coop

2436:

cooperatives. They are distinguished from other forms of incorporation in that profit-making or economic stability are balanced by the interests of the community.

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Armitage, S. (1991) 'Consequences of Mutual Ownership for Building Societies', The Service Industries Journal, October, Vol.11(4): pp. 458–480 (p. 471).

6296:... under no circumstances should members' non-withdrawable share capital and indivisible reserves be subject to any risk of distribution to co-operative members. 2770:, where there are now about 7,950 active status federally insured credit unions, with almost 90 million members and more than $ 679 billion on deposit. 7698: 4500:

The intrinsic factors are characteristics of the work itself, and Castel et al. proposes that cooperatives create job satisfaction because they usually involve:

2972: 7056: 3255:: there is no obligation to hold shares in order to collaborate commercially with Färm, but the enterprise finds it nice that the two groups support each other; 6723:

Ian Clarke, (2000) "Retail power, competition and local consumer choice in the UK grocery sector", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 34 Iss: 8, pp.975 – 1002

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For example, when the bank provides sums of money as donations or financing at competitive conditions in support of initiatives that favour social innovation.

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in 1852. In 1865 there were 651 registered societies with a total membership of well over 200,000. There are now more than 400 worker cooperatives in the UK,

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As of 2012, the number of memberships in cooperatives reached one billion, and so the organizational structure and movement has seeped into popular culture.

3853: 8379: 5262: 6363: 4083: 753: 10868: 8403: 7828:"The Curious Case of Stakeholder Ownership: Theoretical Insights into the Niche Persistence of the Cooperative and Mutual Form Across Advanced Economies" 5368: 8162: 4132:

Occasionally. if the situation requires it, workers of the cooperative can decide to put some more money as an investment, which can later be returned.

2245:, a cooperative of dairy farmers in which he headed the research department for 50 years and where all his major inventions were first put to practice. 10686: 7630: 3975:

reports that "cooperatives tend to have a longer life than other types of enterprise, and thus a higher level of entrepreneurial sustainability". This

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Translated quote: 'Cooperative share capital, capital accrued from cooperative contributions paid by members of a cooperative.', the original quote: '

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Hanson and Prushinkaya (2021) conducted a survey that found similar results: they found that, in general, cooperativists state high job satisfaction,

3504:

also run a credit union that is constituted as a co-operative, called the 'Plaid Cymru Credit Union'. UK cooperatives retain a strong market share in

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cooperatives aggregate purchases, storage, and distribution of farm inputs for their members. By taking advantage of volume discounts and using other

1779:". Cooperatives are democratically controlled by their members, with each member having one vote in electing the board of directors. They differ from 13841: 10001: 7327: 4867:, several drug dealers create a democratic alliance called the New Day Co-Op with the interests of cutting back on violence and increasing business. 4087: 3845: 3543: 1742: 7989: 6393: 5915: 2190:

as a political principle. Friendly Societies and consumer cooperatives became the dominant form of organization among working people in Anglosphere

7098: 6319: 5717:

Weinbren, D. & James, B. (2005) "Getting a Grip: the Roles of Friendly Societies in Australia and Britain Reappraised", Labour History, Vol. 88

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Permanent and external facilitation (from a specialized process work paradigm external coop) on emotions, conflicts of power, informal hierarchies.

3165:

no more than 80% of profits may be distributed, interest is limited to the bond rate, and dissolution is altruistic (assets may not be distributed)

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The type of cooperative: if it is a big industrial cooperative, the amount required will probably be higher than for a small services cooperative.

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happen so much in CF, where the focus is on maintaining the margin of benefits and not employment, which is considered a cost in times of crisis.

8184: 7597:"How Did Bank Lending to Small Business in the United States Fare After the Financial Crisis? - The U.S. Small Business Administration – SBA.gov" 2268: 8474: 6251:. A legally void document (superseded) — used here for the definition. Helsinki: the Finnish Ministry of Justice., Finlex.fi. 2002. p. 38. 1845:

than many other forms of enterprise, with twice the number of co-operatives (80%) surviving their first five years compared with other business

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If the cooperative is based on selling products or services, a part of the finance comes from the profits that they get from their activities.

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The cooperative brings together all the participants in the food chain from farm to fork, represented by six different categories of members:

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in the 1990s. They are now common in Canada where they operate primarily in agriculture and food services, where their primary purpose is to

323: 7566: 6027: 5539: 565: 13692: 9261: 9129: 5322: 4038: 2664:

are either reinvested into infrastructure or distributed to members in the form of "patronage" or "capital credits", which are essentially

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after the 1960s, socialist strategies pluralized, though economic democratizers have not as yet established a fundamental challenge to the

1904: 2139:

The statue of Samuel Jurkovič, national awakener and founder of first cooperative in Central Europe (Spolok Gazdovský) in Rača, Bratislava

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Facilitation of all meetings/assemblies is rotated among all members of the coop; training and coaching in facilitation will be provided.

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consumer's cooperatives, both the frequency and the intensity of the encounters is lower, thus reducing their democratic participation.

2222:(NCBA CLUSA; the abbreviation of the organization retains the initials of its former name, Cooperative League of the USA) serves as the 15190: 9387: 7730: 7684: 7475: 6654: 6075: 5432: 5182: 3622:

cooperative workers from losing their jobs when Fagor went bankrupt: they were relocated to other cooperatives of the Mondragon group.

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developers, allow members to own some equity in their home, but limit the sale price of their membership share to that which they paid.

2124:, founded in 1844, is usually considered the first successful cooperative enterprise, used as a model for modern coops, following the ' 2795:) network grew to serve over 1 million members via 13,000 branches, and was larger than the country's largest conventional bank. 12695: 12629: 6137: 5106: 4665:

However, despite the intended democratic structure of cooperatives and the values and benefits shared by members, due to traditional

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Cooperative banking networks, which were nationalized in Eastern Europe, continued as cooperative institutions. In Poland, the SKOK (

2395: 2219: 5453: 4730:

Manifestations of machismo that belittle, offend and detract from security and autonomy. They involve a higher level of degradation.

13141: 12446: 9068: 8370:

Rasmusen, E. (1988) 'Mutual banks and stock banks', Journal of Law and Economics, October, Vol.31: pp. 395–421 (p. 412).

7754: 7274: 1864:

in the UK invested 6.9% of their pre-tax profits in the communities in which they trade, compared to 2.4% for rival supermarkets.

520: 13089: 8559: 8456: 6415: 6279: 3366:, which is operated according to the principles of cooperative governance. The most basic form of volunteer-run cooperative is a 729: 8224: 6788: 6341: 6094: 2638:

which is released in stages as the building is completed. The term may also refer to worker cooperatives in the building trade.

14193: 12690: 10812: 10021: 9093: 8967: 8502: 8277: 6450: 1896: 6622: 6113: 5394: 4105:

Usually, future members have to socialize a certain amount of money to the cooperative before they can become formal members.

14275: 13718: 13265: 10006: 8034: 7504: 7187: 7076: 6737: 6224: 5012: 3133:

Multi-stakeholder cooperatives include representation from different stakeholder groups, such as both consumers and workers.

2550:

consumer owned cooperative. In Switzerland both the largest and the second largest retailer are consumer owned cooperatives.

1735: 811: 424: 233: 4881:

played around the world that challenges players to work together to start and run a cooperative and overcome major hurdles.

2576:(share capital co-op) reflecting their equity in the cooperative's real estate or have membership and occupancy rights in a 14670: 14087: 12675: 10817: 9276: 9145: 5641: 1826:

that use a cooperatively owned and governed website, mobile app or a protocol to facilitate the sale of goods and services.

412: 356: 315: 7705: 6495: 5997: 5091: 3791:

The following factors are generally considered when determining whether an employment relationship exists under the FLSA:

2918: 2731:

owned and controlled by their members. Credit unions provide to its members the same services as banks but are considered

14830: 14770: 13414: 12368: 10226: 9222: 9184: 8655: 5589: 5042: 4447:

In case that a cooperative experiences a loss, there are alternatives to handle them in the most efficient way possible.

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to local workers. Its services expanded to include assistance with savings and loans, emigration and education. In 1810,

1892: 1872: 294: 6934: 3828:

due both to the perversion of the cooperative form and to weak labour regulations applied to these kinds of work forms.

2890: 14265: 9417: 5187: 4655: 4210:

A successful example of how to finance a workers cooperative with a crowdfunding is the case of the cooperative of the

3888: 3700: 3671:

The size of the cooperative is considered to be one of the most important factors for internal democracy. For example,

3453: 3430: 3398:, in which workers and beneficiaries jointly participate in management decisions and receive discounts on the basis of 2767: 2361: 1439: 82: 10568: 8421: 8116: 2181:

was practiced in organisation decision-making. The principles challenged the idea that a person should be an owner of

15338: 13219: 9346: 8772: 8075: 8055: 7496: 6190: 5692: 4613: 4056: 4017: 2937: 2755: 1296: 361: 7260:

Publication 1779 (Rev. 3-2023) Catalog Number 16134L Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service www.irs.gov

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The oldest cooperative banks in Europe, based on the ideas of Friedrich Raiffeisen, are joined in the 'Urgenossen'.

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For All The People: Uncovering the Hidden History of Cooperation, Cooperative Movements, and Communalism in America

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Greater attention to working and employment conditions following the increased social responsibility of the company

3820:

take the form of a cooperative to avoid being subjected to collective agreements gained through trade unionism and

3496:

in Parliament, which was the first of its kind. The Co-operative Party now has a permanent electoral pact with the

3437: 2897: 2444: 1854: 1728: 1345: 438: 339: 7543: 6756: 4112:

Usually, when the worker decides to leave the cooperative, all the money invested will be returned to the worker.

15105: 14820: 12680: 12501: 12298: 10957: 10676: 10524: 9991: 9382: 9372: 8374: 8337: 8286: 6595:

Monzon, J. L. & Chaves, R. (2008) "The European Social Economy: Concept and Dimensions of the Third Sector",

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However, in comparison with the number of co-operatives, they are rarely the subject of literature. Among these,

4674:

membership (showing up to meetings and voting), as well as in leadership and managerial positions is even lower.

3114: 2743: 2288: 13013: 8435: 2611:

do not allow members to own equity in their residences and often have rental agreements well below market rates.

15343: 15110: 13302: 11611: 11501: 10807: 9996: 9119: 9114: 9037: 8660: 8393: 8349: 4595: 3661: 3650:

formal spaces, and avoid using informal spaces in which not everyone might be present to take those decisions.

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previously unemployed people who wish to integrate into the labor market. They are legally defined as follows:

3088:, distribution and sale. Agricultural marketing cooperatives are often formed to promote specific commodities. 2875: 2580:

cooperative (non-share capital co-op), and they underwrite their housing through paying subscriptions or rent.

2365: 2211: 1876: 11426: 5357: 4846:

sets a murder mystery among radical printing collectives in Seattle, while Frances Madeson's 2007 comic novel

15348: 15333: 14685: 14660: 14124: 13984: 13312: 12441: 11180: 10937: 10539: 10268: 9124: 8282: 8159: 5475: 5032: 4239: 2904: 2249: 2003: 1716: 1461: 1371: 1022: 264: 198: 7626: 3631:

allowing the cooperative to collectively take those kind of decisions if they only apply to member workers.

15020: 14980: 14696: 14665: 13956: 13863: 13668: 13576: 13334: 13250: 13192: 13131: 12552: 12461: 12267: 12242: 12164: 11220: 10154: 9402: 9303: 9083: 8836: 8796: 8699: 8391:"2014 Annual Report on FAO's projects and activities in support of producer organizations and cooperatives" 7354: 4651: 4591: 4074:

One of the success factors lies in the fact that cooperatives use a different arrange of financing schemes

3984:

buffers that function well in case of a crisis," and are less likely to lead members and clients towards a

3485: 3122: 2871: 2747: 2215: 1958: 1849:

models (44%) according to data from United Kingdom. The largest worker owned cooperative in the world, the

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https://myzahorie.sme.sk/c/5228907/gazdovsky-spolok-v-sobotisti-bol-prvym-uverovym-druzstvom-v-europe.html

5640:

PERNÝ, Lukáš. Samuel Jurkovič, slovenský národný buditeľ a zakladateľ družstevníctva. In: DAV DVA (2019),

1796:: businesses owned and managed by the people who consume goods and/or services provided by the cooperative 15160: 14680: 14034: 13763: 13677: 13270: 12988: 12486: 12262: 11960: 11200: 11009: 10967: 10465: 9971: 9668: 9614: 9453: 9288: 9012: 8732: 8621: 8552: 7986: 6965:"Can worker cooperatives stabilize employment and remain financially sound during a prolonged recession?" 6389: 5923: 5111: 5007: 4897: 4758: 2015: 1842: 1783:

in that they are generally built from the bottom-up, rather than the top-down. Cooperatives may include:

1569: 1456: 1406: 722: 635: 112: 13979: 13851: 11155: 4319:

An equity investment is money that is invested in a company by purchasing shares of that company in the

3539:

cooperatives imply that the nature of the working conditions within the cooperatives is also different.

2886: 15288: 15230: 14870: 14655: 14300: 14158: 14046: 12216: 12060: 11581: 11406: 10438: 9619: 9483: 9377: 8612: 6265: 5146: 4704: 3383: 2750:. The concept of financial cooperatives crossed the Atlantic at the turn of the 20th century, when the 1599: 331: 107: 92: 14585: 11302: 8191: 8141:

Neoliberal Co-optation of Leading Co-op Organizations, and a Socialist Counter-Politics of Cooperation

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cooperatives operate a series of interconnected activities involving planning production, growing and

15328: 15060: 14675: 14355: 14350: 13831: 13819: 13697: 13641: 13616: 13566: 13501: 13431: 13297: 12728: 12660: 11446: 11381: 11282: 10455: 9698: 9587: 9397: 9298: 9151: 8862: 8632: 6964: 3971: 3493: 3473: 3042: 3034: 2653: 2535: 1604: 1383: 1325: 1027: 859: 749: 680: 615: 404: 274: 102: 8520: 8257: 8215: 8087: 6702: 6672: 5945: 5758: 5687:

Marlow, Joyce, The Tolpuddle Martyrs, London :History Book Club, (1971) & Grafton Books, (1985)

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determines whether a worker is an independent contractor by considering the degree that the worker:

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Honkala, Juha; Halinen, Ari, eds. (2004). "osuuspääoma, (translation: cooperative share capital)".

5027: 3836: 3801:

What kinds of investment does the worker make in facilities and equipment compared to the employer?

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Create a space where members can propose improvements and a committee reviews and prioritizes them.

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was the first international association formed (1895) by the cooperative movement. It includes the

2027: 1918: 1803: 1619: 1594: 1330: 1040: 974: 944: 575: 442: 117: 77: 14475: 8273:

Brazda, Johann and Schediwy, Robert (eds.) "Consumer Co-operatives in a Changing World"(ICA), 1989

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until the worker has paid all the requirements and can become a formal member of the cooperative.

3807:

Is the relationship with the employer indefinite, which suggests an ongoing employee relationship?

15302: 15145: 14835: 14805: 14750: 14745: 13974: 13756: 13734: 13687: 13407: 13324: 12639: 12532: 12361: 12335: 11292: 10927: 10671: 10563: 10450: 10345: 10219: 10192: 9874: 9663: 9531: 9478: 9336: 9326: 9215: 8992: 7918:"Working in Cooperatives and Social Economy: Effects on Job Satisfaction and the Meaning of Work" 6019: 5536: 5126: 5121: 5002: 4584: 4485:

in workers cooperatives, and said that job satisfaction is high in workers cooperatives and that

2864: 2675: 2490:, New York City, is the largest cooperative housing development in the world, with 55,000 people. 2230: 2079: 1609: 1589: 1574: 1529: 1355: 1100: 1080: 1031: 1017: 1012: 1008: 969: 763: 284: 205: 14520: 3113:

Producer cooperatives among urban artisans were developed in the mid-19th-century in Germany by

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values are a source of job satisfaction. Within those types of organizations there are several

4365: 3417: 3411: 3077: 3000: 2379:

label. The marque is used today by thousands of cooperatives in more than a hundred countries.

2156: 2019: 1973: 1835: 1810: 1669: 1654: 1584: 1446: 1350: 999: 899: 879: 869: 834: 715: 597: 371: 244: 158: 123: 87: 41: 31: 11980: 8499:

The Economics of Financial Cooperatives: Income Distribution, Political Economy and Regulation

7207: 6789:"How Economic Democracy Impacts Workers, Firms, and Communities | Democracy at Work Institute" 6447:

The Economics of Financial Cooperatives: Income Distribution, Political Economy and Regulation

6308: 4497:

factors that perform in a very characteristic manner, and which are key for job satisfaction.

2000:

based on the principle of mutuality, committed to self-help in the welfare of working people.

15323: 15220: 15030: 15010: 14970: 14955: 14800: 14780: 14560: 14335: 14310: 14253: 14203: 13651: 13596: 13461: 13451: 13446: 13275: 13094: 12582: 12431: 12411: 11765: 11631: 11396: 11361: 11321: 11069: 10890: 10399: 10335: 9981: 9867: 9796: 9651: 9536: 9498: 8869: 8815: 8805: 8782: 8747: 8742: 8345: 8244: 8202: 7443: 5967: 5615: 5096: 5047: 4977: 4563: 3926:

Equal pay for all positions (assuming a balanced share of responsibility and job complexity).

3835:

In Spain, since the law does not subject cooperatives to the collective agreements or to the

3600: 3387: 3367: 3318: 2728: 2709: 2279: 2253: 2068: 1850: 1799:

Producer cooperatives: businesses where producers pool their output for their common benefit

1551: 1433: 1421: 1313: 1306: 1281: 1243: 1218: 1168: 1075: 1036: 784: 540: 72: 7177: 6882:"New evidence on wages and employment in worker cooperatives compared with capitalist firms" 6219:(in Finnish). Helsinki: the Institute for the Languages of Finland and Kielikone Ltd. 2008. 6072: 5510: 5206: 5192: 3171:

the objective is the general benefit of the community and the social integration of citizens

3031:, where production resources such as land or machinery are pooled and members farm jointly. 15275: 15136: 15125: 15115: 15100: 15090: 15040: 14995: 14975: 14925: 14905: 14900: 14880: 14875: 14860: 14855: 14840: 14825: 14810: 14765: 14760: 14755: 14740: 14730: 14720: 14715: 14710: 14646: 14460: 14430: 14420: 14174: 14148: 13224: 13214: 13151: 13146: 13043: 13023: 12644: 12634: 12616: 12421: 11870: 11576: 11531: 11416: 11185: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10858: 10666: 10604: 10350: 10283: 10250: 10246: 10090: 10033: 9656: 9636: 9463: 9351: 9271: 8874: 8810: 8722: 8603: 8431: 8412: 7884: 7132: 5062: 4982: 4885: 4294: 3798:

Do the worker's managerial skills affect the worker's opportunity for both profit and loss?

3769:

Receives less extensive instructions on the work to be done, but not how it should be done;

3395: 3391: 3339: 2763: 2563: 2191: 2178: 2117: 1942: 1831: 1823: 1793: 1614: 1539: 1524: 1411: 1401: 1378: 1318: 1286: 1188: 1130: 892: 789: 665: 602: 7029: 8: 15210: 15095: 15085: 15070: 15050: 15045: 15025: 15005: 15000: 14965: 14960: 14950: 14930: 14885: 14865: 14785: 14775: 14705: 14600: 14490: 14371: 14285: 14248: 14223: 14188: 14163: 14130: 14119: 13941: 13931: 13846: 13814: 13727: 13656: 13329: 13245: 13174: 13161: 13136: 13109: 13099: 13018: 12903: 12778: 12705: 12665: 12604: 12599: 12594: 12575: 12560: 12456: 12401: 12065: 11895: 11875: 11556: 11376: 11331: 11240: 11230: 11140: 11130: 11109: 11079: 10977: 10917: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10736: 10629: 10546: 10502: 10497: 10490: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10124: 9986: 9946: 9708: 9678: 9546: 9407: 9331: 9321: 8962: 8909: 8820: 8792: 8714: 8694: 8681: 8572: 6133: 5101: 4946: 4851: 4361: 4324: 4099: 4013: 3640: 3524: 3505: 3422: 3363: 3071: 3018: 2976: 2964: 2911: 2803: 2736: 2705: 2696: 2661: 2647: 2624: 2569: 2559: 2523: 2452: 2413: 2376: 2318: 2256:

to offer online internet banking services to all of its members in October 1994. In 1996

2199: 2125: 2101: 2098: 2086: 1954: 1950: 1922: 1900: 1880: 1861: 1696: 1679: 1664: 1514: 1491: 1476: 1396: 1360: 1335: 1291: 1163: 1153: 1135: 1003: 959: 874: 854: 640: 394: 366: 220: 193: 188: 178: 11865: 11810: 11297: 9604: 8537: 7136: 5642:

https://davdva.sk/samuel-jurkovic-slovensky-narodny-buditel-a-zakladatel-druzstevnictva/

5132:

Polytechnic University of the Philippines College of Cooperatives and Social Development

1867:

Since 2002, cooperatives have been distinguishable on the Internet through the use of a

15268: 15080: 15065: 14945: 14940: 14935: 14910: 14845: 14795: 14790: 14575: 14500: 14315: 14305: 14208: 14142: 14108: 14062: 13400: 13349: 13307: 13280: 13185: 13121: 13116: 13104: 12873: 12793: 12537: 12354: 12286: 12247: 11990: 11945: 11930: 11720: 11491: 11258: 11205: 11165: 11034: 11024: 11003: 10843: 10744: 10691: 10577: 10519: 10433: 10293: 10273: 10258: 10212: 10185: 10097: 9976: 9901: 9718: 9683: 9594: 9551: 9521: 9493: 9488: 9458: 9432: 9256: 9208: 9157: 9042: 9002: 8884: 8767: 8617: 8525: 7851: 7747: 7243: 7158: 6992: 6566: 6515: 6333: 6259: 6243: 5244: 5161: 5136: 5022: 4955: 4659: 4643: 4635: 3989: 3965: 3857: 3535: 3489: 3465: 3379: 3142: 2951: 2843: 2620: 2598: 2503: 2275: 2257: 2187: 1989: 1787: 1780: 1659: 1534: 1519: 1486: 1481: 1471: 1466: 1416: 1340: 1248: 1213: 904: 560: 480: 453: 133: 128: 97: 14445: 13008: 11675: 8451: 2174:

in 1832 were key occasions in the creation of organized labor and consumer movements.

1776: 15240: 15170: 15015: 14920: 14815: 14530: 14400: 14183: 14136: 13901: 13778: 13631: 13491: 13169: 13126: 12948: 12838: 12828: 12758: 12587: 12476: 12471: 12436: 12406: 12100: 12040: 11835: 11546: 11287: 11175: 11170: 10972: 10787: 10766: 10651: 10609: 10512: 10423: 10380: 10360: 10320: 10288: 10046: 9916: 9808: 9772: 9762: 9723: 9713: 9641: 9631: 9561: 9088: 9027: 8879: 8267: 8228: 8071: 8051: 8030: 7935: 7855: 7843: 7724: 7678: 7500: 7469: 7362: 7247: 7235: 7183: 7162: 7150: 7092: 7072: 6996: 6984: 6901: 6648: 6519: 6220: 6214: 6186: 6091: 5688: 4711: 4436: 3895: 3734:

Any decision made by a coop member can be recalled if 50% of coop members request it.

3707: 3497: 3149: 2955: 2742:

Credit unions originated in mid-19th-century Germany through the efforts of pioneers

2483: 2171: 2121: 2075:, to promote Owen's thinking, having already set up a cooperative store in Brighton. 1639: 1546: 1502: 1428: 1301: 1208: 1178: 1115: 909: 620: 490: 378: 253: 215: 210: 12958: 12933: 12798: 8497: 2766:. Eight years later, Desjardins provided guidance for the first credit union in the 15261: 15150: 14590: 14535: 14450: 14320: 14295: 14238: 14213: 14114: 14056: 14024: 14009: 13946: 13886: 13856: 13836: 13804: 13768: 13751: 13739: 13646: 13606: 13516: 13511: 13381: 13369: 13260: 13068: 12968: 12863: 12808: 12763: 12753: 12738: 12624: 12527: 12496: 12323: 12311: 12184: 12050: 12035: 12010: 11995: 11830: 11760: 11670: 11641: 11626: 11601: 11561: 11551: 11516: 11511: 11456: 11431: 11421: 11391: 11351: 11160: 11145: 11094: 11074: 10942: 10922: 10831: 10485: 10428: 10355: 10325: 10159: 10114: 10059: 10051: 10041: 9818: 9742: 9582: 9556: 9541: 9448: 9266: 9248: 8904: 8857: 8841: 8704: 7925: 7835: 7355:"Trabajo retira la licencia a la "falsa cooperativa" cárnica Servicarne por fraude" 7225: 7215: 7140: 7064: 6976: 6893: 6558: 6507: 6110: 6054: 5364: 5141: 5077: 5037: 4992: 4960: 4918: 4754: 4647: 4482: 4435:

as a safe fund, which will allow the cooperative to face unexpected situations and

4369: 4314: 3981: 3604: 3449: 3302: 3095:(dairy products), which is the world's largest producer of milk and milk products, 3050: 3038: 2627: 2439:

There are specific forms of incorporation for cooperatives in some countries, e.g.

2261: 2167: 2109: 2094: 1934: 1691: 1509: 1451: 1276: 1271: 1233: 1070: 1065: 824: 698: 685: 630: 530: 11386: 11371: 8494:

in COOP DIALOGUE – An ICA ROAP Journal, vol. 4 No. 1–2 – pp. 13–22 and 17–33.

7425: 7208:"Associated work in a cooperative is neither dependent work nor selfemployed work" 6980: 5745:, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 14(5): 291–312. 5659:

TASR: Gazdovský spolok v Sobotišti bol prvým úverovým družstvom . In: SME (2010),

4115:

The amount required will vary depending on a lot of factors, such as for example:

3988:(p. 216). This is explained by their more democratic governance that reduces 3867: 3787:

Has a written contract that shows the relationship the worker and business intend.

2759: 2352: 15200: 14610: 14510: 14505: 14485: 14455: 14410: 14405: 14395: 14360: 14233: 14082: 13906: 13881: 13809: 13586: 13466: 12893: 12833: 12823: 12818: 12748: 12517: 12491: 12466: 12426: 12416: 12391: 12055: 12025: 11845: 11825: 11820: 11815: 11755: 11745: 11740: 11725: 11695: 11621: 11481: 11461: 11436: 11366: 11326: 11215: 11210: 11089: 11054: 11049: 11044: 10719: 10582: 10445: 10308: 10303: 10171: 10134: 10110: 9911: 9906: 9886: 9845: 9840: 9787: 9782: 9646: 9626: 9503: 9468: 9007: 8737: 8506: 8483: 8460: 8425: 8397: 8383: 8327: 8166: 8147: 8123: 8013: 7993: 7145: 7120: 6454: 6315: 6117: 6098: 6079: 5742: 5723: 5667: 5648: 5543: 4932: 4878: 4733: 4631: 4432: 4373: 4256: 4171: 3993: 3679: 3654:

internal democracy and working conditions for cooperative members and employees.

3085: 3046: 2630:

organisations, a term which persisted in some of their names (such as the former

2573: 2284: 2223: 2105: 1930: 1910: 1644: 1496: 1389: 1253: 1183: 1173: 1090: 987: 954: 919: 839: 819: 670: 625: 348: 173: 20: 14565: 14385: 11411: 7399: 6467: 5263:"Membership in Co-operative Businesses Reaches 1 Billion – Worldwatch Institute" 2387:. Organizations using .coop domain names must adhere to the basic co-op values. 15215: 15205: 14465: 14380: 14290: 14004: 13999: 13989: 13926: 13896: 13611: 13541: 13496: 13476: 13471: 13209: 13063: 13003: 12973: 12858: 12853: 12773: 12768: 12743: 12396: 12144: 12085: 12045: 12030: 11965: 11955: 11935: 11925: 11915: 11880: 11860: 11800: 11750: 11710: 11685: 11680: 11606: 11536: 11401: 11346: 11195: 10962: 10947: 10878: 10797: 10507: 10077: 9926: 9609: 9473: 9367: 9313: 9017: 8175: 8152: 7917: 7220: 6005: 5116: 4815: 4486: 4227: 3322: 3154: 2732: 2690: 2657: 2577: 1997: 1981: 1946: 1914: 1674: 1203: 1198: 1125: 1120: 1110: 964: 939: 914: 12149: 11790: 11466: 7057:"Workers' cooperatives in Italy: Between solidarity and autocratic centralism" 6897: 5593: 4681:

behaviors that can be found in cooperatives involve the formal structures and

4513:

Seeking to benefit the global environment and society while involving everyone

3976: 3745: 3565:

Research shows that, in the US, the 77% of the cooperatives have a 1:1 or 2:1

3500:

meaning someone cannot be a member if they support a party other than Labour.

3378:

may be organized on this basis. A volunteer-run co-op is distinguished from a

2479: 15312: 14625: 14580: 14545: 14525: 14480: 14435: 14330: 14280: 14198: 14019: 13966: 13551: 13546: 13526: 13344: 13058: 13038: 13028: 12953: 12908: 12888: 12878: 12803: 12783: 12174: 12015: 12005: 11975: 11950: 11920: 11855: 11850: 11785: 11780: 11700: 11636: 11616: 11526: 11506: 11486: 11336: 11104: 11039: 11029: 10997: 10848: 10836: 10802: 10712: 10703: 10656: 10298: 9880: 9801: 9749: 9688: 9526: 9392: 9098: 9058: 8170: 7939: 7847: 7366: 7239: 7154: 7068: 6988: 6905: 5736:

Ridley-Duff, R. J. (2008) "Social Enterprise as a Socially Rational Business"

5678:Ľudovít Štúr: Hospodársky ústav v Sobotišti, Orol tatranski 3. 2. 1846, č. 20 4539: 4426: 4243: 3841: 3512: 2968: 2807: 2762:, he opened North America's first credit union, marking the beginning of the 2635: 2296: 2037: 1980:

forms of cooperation between workers and owners that are expressed today as "

1649: 1085: 932: 432: 399: 49: 11596: 3091:

Commercially successful agricultural marketing cooperatives include India's

2526:, or retail and more than half were in the United States, Italy, or France. 2010:(1771–1858) was a social reformer and a pioneer of the cooperative movement. 550: 15165: 15155: 14630: 14555: 14495: 14470: 14415: 14067: 14029: 13994: 13521: 13456: 13255: 13048: 12998: 12993: 12983: 12963: 12918: 12913: 12898: 12788: 12723: 12522: 12481: 12115: 12095: 12090: 12080: 12020: 11900: 11770: 11496: 11476: 11471: 11441: 11341: 10863: 10681: 10534: 10470: 10129: 9941: 9936: 9896: 9857: 9063: 8997: 8689: 8416: 8333: 6511: 5548: 5082: 5067: 5017: 4889: 4737: 4666: 4320: 4288: 4201: 4188:

They are usually in the form of cash, but can also be in the form of other

4044: 3399: 3306: 3014: 3010: 2724: 2700: 2494: 2408: 2368: 2152: 2151:) founded in 1845 by Samuel Jurkovič, was the first cooperative in Europe ( 2113: 2034: 1926: 1228: 1105: 1095: 807: 510: 500: 11735: 8182: 7916:

Castel, Davy; Lemoine, Claude; Durand-Delvigne, Annick (1 November 2011).

7827: 7328:"La Audiencia Nacional confirma que Servicarne es una "falsa cooperativa"" 6671:. Government of Alberta: Agriculture and Rural Development. Archived from 5579:"Dr. William King and the Co-operator, 1828–1830, T. W. MERCER, OL6459685M 4344:

company is established, they resell all or part of the subscribed shares.

3772:

Receives training from the business about required procedures and methods;

2660:

such as electricity, water or telecommunications services to its members.

14635: 14605: 14595: 14550: 14425: 14014: 13936: 13626: 13536: 13339: 13073: 13053: 12928: 12923: 12883: 12868: 12813: 12718: 12179: 12169: 12120: 12110: 12105: 12075: 11910: 11885: 11840: 11705: 11646: 11586: 11541: 11356: 11263: 11225: 11099: 11019: 10771: 10475: 10385: 10313: 10164: 9792: 9577: 9078: 7839: 5151: 5086: 4997: 4810: 4806: 4741: 4689:

Non-open and non-democratic decision-making: democratic spaces are often

4357: 4353: 3821: 3672: 3528: 3501: 3375: 3349:

for the purpose of fostering an equitable social and economic landscape.

3314: 3298: 2799: 2717: 2572:

is a legal mechanism for ownership of housing where residents either own

2040: 2007: 1962: 1684: 1223: 864: 849: 744: 646: 183: 168: 12452:"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" 7930: 7536:"10 Facts About Cooperative Enterprise – Grassroots Economic Organizing" 5590:"Lloyds Bank – Banking With Us – Our History, Heritage & Who We Are" 4767: 1820:

Second- and third-tier cooperatives whose members are other cooperatives

15195: 15180: 15175: 14620: 14092: 13744: 13621: 13591: 13486: 12943: 12938: 12848: 12843: 12189: 12125: 11805: 11795: 11715: 10853: 10724: 10594: 10553: 10529: 10404: 10365: 10063: 10055: 9931: 9852: 9813: 9757: 7535: 7230: 6757:"What do we really know about worker co‑operatives? | Co-operatives UK" 6570: 6101:. Northwest Cooperative Development Centre. Retrieved on: 31 July 2011. 6049: 5395:"Mondragón: One of Spain's largest corporations belongs to its workers" 5327: 5248: 5232: 5071: 4874: 4678: 4639: 4598: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3804:

Does the worker exercise independent business judgement and initiative?

3795:

Is the worker performing work that is an integral part of the business?

3371: 3359: 2713: 2238: 2052: 2048: 1968:

cooperatives to achieve a useful condition of artificial roads such as

777: 703: 469: 419: 7275:"Falses cooperatives: un atac al cooperativisme i a les treballadores" 6364:"NTUC Fairprice dominated Singapore's retailers scene in 2018: report" 5471: 2463:

The cooperative share capital or co-operative share capital (in short

2264:, became the second online bank in the world and the first in Europe. 1875:(ICA) introduced the Cooperative Marque, meaning ICA cooperatives and 15235: 15185: 14515: 14077: 13636: 13531: 13423: 13319: 13033: 12978: 12733: 12542: 12377: 12237: 12232: 12159: 11985: 11775: 11730: 11665: 11521: 11125: 11064: 10952: 10822: 10698: 10624: 10589: 10413: 10340: 10278: 10236: 10105: 9921: 9891: 9862: 9231: 9032: 8727: 8488: 8471:, a curriculum on cooperative business for secondary school students. 6963:

Cristini, Annalisa; Grasseni, Mara; Signori, Silvana (15 July 2023).

5358:

Co-operative Business Survival: Co-operatives UK Research Report 2019

5156: 4987: 4715: 4694: 4690: 4682: 4627: 4494: 4490: 3985: 3755: 3121:

of 1867) that facilitated such cooperatives. At about the same time,

3054: 3027:

provide various services to their individual farming members, and to

2827: 2487: 2064: 1993: 1846: 1158: 1060: 1053: 8390: 6562: 4573: 3262:: self-employed people who have opened a store under the Färm brand. 2853: 2634:). Nowadays such self-building may be financed using a step-by-step 2267:

By 2004 a new association focused on worker co-ops was founded, the

1988:

of the charity principles that underpinned welfare reforms when the

14540: 14097: 13783: 13601: 13290: 13285: 13179: 12570: 12257: 12252: 12154: 11690: 10639: 10634: 10599: 10460: 10370: 9829: 6843: 6814:"Working Conditions and Wages in the Social and Solidarity Economy" 5537:

Strike Rochdale from the record books. The Co-op began in Scotland.

4863: 4723: 4546: 4417: 4223: 4183: 3294: 3104: 2669: 2665: 2448: 2292: 2182: 2129: 2090: 2083: 2023: 1841:

Worker cooperatives are typically more productive and economically

1772: 994: 949: 675: 8532: 7212:

CIRIEC – España. Revista de economía pública, social y cooperativa

6287:. the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). 2015. p. 38. 6201:, osuuskunnan jäsenten maksamista osuusmaksuista kertynyt pääoma.' 5789:"Stanford Federal Credit Union Pioneers Online Financial Services" 3416:

In some cases, cooperative societies find it advantageous to form

3178:

type A cooperatives provide health, social or educational services

15225: 13441: 12565: 12070: 11970: 10895: 10375: 10330: 9767: 9703: 9022: 8915: 6544: 5052: 3603:, which has provided long term stable jobs for the population of 3346: 3081: 2440: 2400: 2060: 2056: 2030: 1969: 829: 153: 8476:

India: Re-inventing cooperatives by increasing youth involvement

7567:"In Pictures: Banks vs. Credit Unions in the Financial Crisis -" 6301: 5563:"Full text of "Dr. William King and the Co-operator, 1828–1830"" 3741:

information (and what is not) and guarantee a full access to it.

2356:

The Co-op Marque, a symbol used by co-operatives internationally

14390: 14325: 12713: 12000: 11940: 10661: 9422: 7301:"La CGT desvela el fraude masivo en el uso de las cooperativas" 6935:"First Global Report on "Cooperatives and Employment" – CICOPA" 5323:"Worker Cooperatives Are More Productive Than Normal Companies" 4926: 3868:

Suggestions to improve workers’ conditions within a cooperative

2499: 1977: 1711: 15297: 13376: 12330: 12306: 8376:

Co-ops: The Changing Face of Employment in the Green Mountains

7426:"The Economic Theory of Socialism and the Labour-managed Firm" 4940: 4912: 4517:

The extrinsic factors that make work in coops satisfying are:

4504:

Reducing the gap between the conception and execution of tasks

3680:

Suggestions to improve internal democracy within a cooperative

3117:, who also promoted changes to the legal system (the Prussian 2619:

This collective effort was at the origin of many of Britain's

2274:

The cooperative movement has been fueled globally by ideas of

316:

Charitable incorporated organisation (England and Wales)

14615: 10645: 10082: 9189: 8922: 7490:

Resilience in a downturn: The power of financial cooperatives

6216:

Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish / Kielitoimiston sanakirja

4972: 4423:

dividends reduces the potential amount of patronage refunds.

4189: 3619: 3310: 3100: 2372: 2242: 2044: 1938: 1868: 1632: 794: 756:, is held to account at an annual general meeting of members. 13392: 12346: 10204: 9200: 8533:

United Nations 2012 International Year of Cooperatives (IYC)

8406:

Affinities: A Journal of Radical Theory, Culture, and Action

7915: 4701:

are still underrepresented in responsibility jobs in co-ops.

4450: 4352:

Other forms of equity investments used by cooperatives are:

3241:: members of staff working at Färm, who currently number 36; 2691:

Credit unions, cooperative banking and cooperative insurance

2514:

The top 300 largest cooperatives were listed in 2007 by the

2328:

Democratic member control, with each member having one vote.

9777: 7922:

Perspectives interdisciplinaires sur le travail et la santé

5425:"Community investment index: giving back to neighbourhoods" 4884:

Cooperatives feature prominently in the Martian economy in

3746:

Legal status of cooperative workers: employees or employed?

3168:

the cooperative has legal personality and limited liability

3092: 2967:. This system was advocated by the Indian communist leader 2583:

Housing cooperatives come in three basic equity structures

2384: 1790:: businesses owned and managed by the people who work there 8453:

Cooperatives: Principles and practices in the 21st century

8330:

2005. Article on graphic design and printing cooperatives.

7121:"Developing democracy: cooperatives and democratic theory" 6669:"New Generation Cooperatives – 10 Things You Need to Know" 57: 8567: 6694: 6213:"osuuspääoma, (translation: cooperative share capital)". 4858: 4219: 4009: 1238: 8492:

Production Cooperative – A Tool for National Development

8278:"The Co-operative firm – Keywords, Roma: RomaTrE-Press." 5937: 5447:"1473 letter of intent to build a road, in (old) german" 4233: 4218:, who, after occupying and taking back the control of a 3781:

Has the opportunity to realize a profit or incur a loss;

3569:, whereas the average large corporation in the US has a 3515:

has publicly expressed support for worker cooperatives.

8007:

Membership in Co-operative Businesses Reaches 1 Billion

6962: 6547:"Cooperatives as an aid to small businesses in Germany" 6496:"100 Jahre deutsches Genossenschaftsgesetz (1889–1989)" 5291: 4895:

and in a speculative future Earth economy in his novel

8321:"Consider the Collective: More than business as usual" 7996:

Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Organization

7125:

International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development

5233:"The Soviet Collective Farm as a Producer Cooperative" 4966:

Worker representation on corporate boards of directors

4554:

sense of ownership of their own jobs and workplaces".

3099:(dairy products) in the United States, and Malaysia's 2983: 2248:

Cooperative banks were first to adopt online banking.

15286: 4507:

Increasing task significance (making work meaningful)

4459: 4024:

compared with only 20 percent for other enterprises.

3920:

and/or difficult meetings, celebrations in the coop).

7353:

Gómez, Manuel V.; Sevillano, Elena G. (2 May 2019).

6734:"Jeremy Corbyn's two key actions for co-ops to take" 6484:, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1989), p. 50. 6441: 6439: 6437: 6416:"Migros and Coop among the world's top 50 retailers" 6004:. International Cooperative Alliance. Archived from 5922:. International Cooperative Alliance. Archived from 4908: 4748: 4347: 2498:

The two largest supermarkets chains in Switzerland,

2177:

Friendly Societies established forums through which

1879:

credit unions can also be identified through a coop

8313:

The cooperative movement of Brazil and South Africa

6334:"Päivittäistavarakauppa ry – Finnish grocery trade" 6245:

Co-operatives Act 1488/2001, Unofficial translation

3582:whereas in CF it does (CF create less employment). 3405: 3386:, whereas the volunteer cooperative is typically a 3125:developed similar cooperatives among rural people. 2878:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2416:invested. Cooperatives may be classified as either 6468:"Fédération des CAE – Qu'est-ce qu'une CAE ?" 6170:. The Finnish Terminology Centre. 26 January 2009. 4797: 4032: 3492:in the early 20th century to represent members of 3459: 3205: 16:Autonomous association of persons or organizations 8270:. "The International Co-operative Movement", 1997 6880:Burdín, Gabriel; Dean, Andrés (1 December 2009). 6434: 5884: 4809:mentions their role in working-class life during 4714:: non-binary people tend to earn less money than 3128: 2390: 15310: 7981: 7979: 6500:Zeitschrift für das gesamte Genossenschaftswesen 5916:"Co-operative identity, values & principles" 4427:Unallocated Retained Earnings, or "cushion fund" 4242:cooperatives, one way to get finance is getting 3923:All time on worker cooperative business is paid. 3175:unemployment, race, sexual orientation or abuse. 1857:), has been in continuous operation since 1956. 8183:Japanese Consumers' Co-operative Union (2003). 8117:"Teach Your Children Well: Don't Play Monopoly" 5207:"Cooperative identity, values & principles" 4077: 2269:United States Federation of Worker Cooperatives 2128:'. A group of 28 weavers and other artisans in 7352: 7205: 6608:In 2011 the official total was 11,264: ISTAT, 6180: 5968:"Co-operatives, adopt the Co-operative Marque" 4431:Part of the benefits of a cooperative must be 4274: 3814: 2312: 324:Scottish charitable incorporated organisation 13408: 12362: 10220: 9216: 8553: 8222: 7976: 7627:"Credit Unions Twice as Trusted as Big Banks" 6281:Guidance Notes to the Co-operative Principles 5243:(4). American Economic Association: 734–757. 5175: 3778:Is not reimbursed for some business expenses; 3285: 2758:in Quebec, Canada. In 1900, from his home in 2104:at which his poorest parishioners could hold 2067:, although ultimately unsuccessful. In 1828, 1736: 723: 7097:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6183:CD-Facta 2005: suomenkielinen tietosanakirja 4626:Since cooperatives are based on values like 4039:History of cooperatives in the United States 3534:Cooperatives are often said to offer better 3282:Members receive a 2% discount on purchases. 2783: 2623:, which however, developed into "permanent" 2506:, are cooperatives. The third largest bank, 2458: 1905:History of the cooperative movement in China 30:"Co-op" redirects here. For other uses, see 8092:The Toolbox for Education and Social Action 7748:"A11 Report – Alberta Co-op Survival (PDF)" 7742: 7740: 6493: 6067: 6065: 5759:"History of the cooperative movement | ICA" 5753: 5751: 5392: 4650:in the market. In statements in advance of 4442: 4379: 4330: 2793:Spółdzielcze Kasy Oszczędnościowo-Kredytowe 15191:Definition of anarchism and libertarianism 13415: 13401: 12369: 12355: 10227: 10213: 9223: 9209: 8560: 8546: 7423: 6879: 6610:9° Censimento dell'industria e dei servizi 6597:Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 6545:Gerhard Weisser, Bertel Fassnacht (1959). 4524:Increased confidence in elected management 4327:themselves limit the equity investments). 4016:outperformed their competitors during the 3511:Former leader of the British Labour Party 2347: 1743: 1729: 730: 716: 8968:ICA Statement on the Cooperative Identity 8225:"Japan: Consumer Co-op Movement in Japan" 7929: 7229: 7219: 7144: 5352: 5350: 5107:Mutual Ownership Defense Housing Division 4614:Learn how and when to remove this message 4521:A higher level of shared business culture 3948:employee-owned firms’ way of organising. 3593: 3476:are prime examples of such arrangements. 2994: 2938:Learn how and when to remove this message 2816: 2529: 2220:National Cooperative Business Association 1813:where members pool their purchasing power 7825: 7737: 7272: 7055:Semenzin, Devi Sacchetto, Marco (2015), 7054: 6062: 5899: 5847:, Cambridge University Press, Chapter 1. 5748: 5710: 4557: 4135: 4065: 3352: 3196:Société coopérative d'intérêt collective 3084:, grading, packing, transport, storage, 2720:, a pioneer in the cooperative movement. 2704: 2493: 2478: 2474: 2399:Cooperative of agricultural products of 2394: 2351: 2134: 2002: 743: 10682:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought 7815: 7813: 7811: 7809: 7807: 7805: 7803: 7801: 7799: 7797: 7795: 7325: 6159: 6157: 6155: 5974:. International Co-operative Alliance. 5843:Rothschild, J., Allen-Whitt, J. (1986) 5703:Rothschild, J., Allen-Whitt, J. (1986) 5183:"Statement on the Cooperative Identity" 4830:"Gone down the Co-op for a tin of jam." 4388: 4157: 4148: 3937: 3775:Has significant investment in the work; 3333: 3060: 2802:, there is a clear distinction between 2166:Other events such as the founding of a 15311: 14194:Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA 10687:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path 8450:Zeuli, Kimebrly A. and Cropp, Robert. 8160:Cooperatives On the Path to Socialism? 7911: 7909: 7907: 7905: 7879: 7877: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7869: 7867: 7865: 7793: 7791: 7789: 7787: 7785: 7783: 7781: 7779: 7777: 7775: 7729:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 7683:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 7474:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 7201: 7199: 7118: 6687: 6653:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 6635:from the original on 20 September 2020 6026:. International Cooperative Alliance. 5944:. International Cooperative Alliance. 5869: 5582: 5478:from the original on 10 September 2013 5347: 3009:Major purchasing cooperatives include 2656:that is tasked with the delivery of a 2641: 2553: 2122:Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers 1897:Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers 1886: 754:Oxford, Swindon & Gloucester Co-op 425:Limited liability limited partnership 340:Industrial and provident society 13396: 13266:Mass killings under communist regimes 12350: 12212:International socialist organizations 10208: 9204: 8944: 8583: 8541: 8276:Bernardi A., Monni S., eds., (2016), 8088:"Co-opoly: The Game of Co-operatives" 7885:"Distributing Returns – Cooperatives" 7826:Duffy, Michael; Shi, Chenxia (2023). 7665:from the original on 6 September 2018 7633:from the original on 29 November 2018 7564: 7424:Jossa, Bruno; Cuomo, Gaetano (1997). 7385: 7383: 7273:Aragonés, Vidal (22 September 2019). 7268: 7266: 7114: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7061:Social Economy in China and the World 7014: 7012: 7010: 7008: 7006: 6958: 6956: 6929: 6927: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6865: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6777: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6474: 6344:from the original on 13 November 2017 6294:from the original on 9 October 2022. 6073:Statement on the Cooperative Identity 5825:from the original on 21 December 2018 5795:from the original on 21 December 2018 5622:from the original on 7 September 2015 5405:from the original on 10 December 2020 5374:from the original on 10 December 2020 5230: 5013:Decentralized autonomous organization 4308: 4234:Foundations and Governments financing 4093: 3959: 3634: 3611:cooperatives tend to be longer term. 3518: 3202:tax relief, has limited its take-up. 3136: 2837: 2544: 522:Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung 9146:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 8447:, New York: ILR Press/Itchaca, 1991. 8098:from the original on 17 January 2014 7577:from the original on 1 December 2018 7176:Dahl, Robert A. (24 November 2020). 7175: 6422:from the original on 25 October 2019 6396:from the original on 25 October 2019 6370:from the original on 25 October 2019 6152: 6071:International Cooperative Alliance. 5948:from the original on 5 November 2019 5335:from the original on 26 January 2021 5320: 5302:from the original on 22 October 2017 4762: 4596:adding citations to reliable sources 4567: 4338: 3871: 3784:Receives benefits from the business; 3683: 3531:to the capitalist to earn a salary. 3442: 3382:in that the latter is by definition 3029:agricultural production cooperatives 2989:Business and employment cooperatives 2876:adding citations to reliable sources 2847: 12293: 9185:History of the cooperative movement 8656:International Co-operative Alliance 8295:Developing Successful Worker Co-ops 7902: 7862: 7772: 7607:from the original on 28 August 2019 7196: 5858:The Labour Party: A Marxist History 5608: 5043:History of the cooperative movement 4472: 4403: 4250: 4166: 4027: 3942: 3848:, hired by meat industries such as 3470:Cooperative Commonwealth Federation 3456:are examples of such arrangements. 3234:: the members of Färm's management; 2984:Business and employment cooperative 2652:A utility cooperative is a type of 2595:Limited equity housing cooperatives 2516:International Co-operative Alliance 2371:could be distinguished by use of a 2337:Education, training and information 2317:Many cooperatives follow the seven 2208:International Co-operative Alliance 1893:History of the cooperative movement 1873:International Co-operative Alliance 13: 9262:Accidental death and dismemberment 8521:Venezuela's Cooperative Revolution 8297:, London: Sage Publications, 1988. 7516:from the original on 12 April 2019 7380: 7263: 7105: 7003: 6953: 6912: 6862: 6831: 6774: 6744: 6705:from the original on 29 March 2014 6695:"Plaid Cymru Credit Union website" 6577:from the original on 21 March 2019 6140:from the original on 14 March 2019 6134:"Australian Co-operative Glossary" 5885:Piñeiro Harnecker, Camila (2012). 5872:Worker Cooperatives and Revolution 5769:from the original on 14 March 2021 5469: 5188:International Cooperative Alliance 4871:Co-opoly: The Game of Cooperatives 4852:the eponymous housing co-operative 4656:International Cooperative Alliance 4460:Allocate the losses to the members 3454:International Cooperative Alliance 2785:coopérative d'épargne et de credit 2112:, which was the first established 14: 15360: 13220:Criticism of communist party rule 8584: 8514: 8339:Consumers' Co-operative Societies 7760:from the original on 14 July 2016 7546:from the original on 1 April 2017 7497:International Labour Organization 6736:. 16 October 2017. Archived from 6526:from the original on 27 June 2018 6309:Urban Mass: A Look at Co-op City. 6030:from the original on 9 April 2018 5978:from the original on 7 March 2016 5856:Cliff, T., Cluckstein, D. (1988) 5092:Mondragón Cooperative Corporation 4749:Cooperatives in socialist thought 4348:Other forms of equity investments 4057:History of cooperatives in Canada 3898:and remove advice or instruction. 3710:and remove advice or instruction. 3025:Agricultural service cooperatives 2788:' in French-speaking countries). 2331:Economic participation by members 2218:Union. In the United States, the 2198:From the mid-nineteenth century, 2145:The Association of Administrators 2047:, and his partners purchased the 1717:Business and economics portal 15296: 15255: 14229:International Conference of Rome 14219:International Conference of Rome 13375: 13363: 13241:21st-century communist theorists 12329: 12317: 12305: 12292: 12281: 12280: 9388:Directors and officers liability 8110: 8080: 8060: 8040: 8019: 7999: 7987:"Gender issues in cooperatives." 7946: 7565:Cropp, Matt (22 November 2011). 7456:from the original on 5 July 2016 6886:Journal of Comparative Economics 6390:"Top ranking retailers in Italy" 6167:The Bank and Finance Terminology 5321:Chen, Michelle (26 March 2016). 5292:"The World Co-operative Monitor" 5058:List of co-operative federations 4939: 4925: 4911: 4819:(2010), the first volume of his 4766: 4722:The strongest manifestations of 4654:in early 2013, President of the 4572: 4140: 3992:and subsequent contributions to 3876: 3688: 3438:List of Co-operative Federations 3406:Federal or secondary cooperative 2852: 2609:zero-equity housing cooperatives 2589:market-rate housing cooperatives 2445:industrial and provident society 2051:mill from Owen's father-in-law, 1710: 748:The volunteer board of a retail 567:Société à responsabilité limitée 56: 12502:Dictatorship of the proletariat 12136: 11657: 11313: 11274: 11250: 10958:Dictatorship of the proletariat 8185:"co.op, 2003 Facts and Figures" 8133: 7819: 7691: 7645: 7619: 7589: 7558: 7528: 7482: 7436: 7417: 7392: 7346: 7319: 7293: 7254: 7169: 7119:Kaswan, Mark J. (3 July 2014). 7048: 7022: 6806: 6726: 6717: 6661: 6615: 6602: 6589: 6551:Law & Contemporary Problems 6538: 6487: 6460: 6408: 6382: 6356: 6326: 6272: 6236: 6206: 6174: 6126: 6104: 6090:Andrew McLeod (December 2006). 6084: 6042: 6012: 5990: 5960: 5930: 5908: 5893: 5878: 5863: 5850: 5837: 5815:"History – About us – OP Group" 5807: 5791:(Press release). 21 June 1995. 5781: 5729: 5697: 5681: 5672: 5653: 5634: 5592:. Lloydstsb.com. Archived from 5573: 5555: 5529: 5503: 5490: 5463: 5439: 4798:Cooperatives in popular culture 4685:that conform} the cooperative: 4583:needs additional citations for 4481:. (2011) performed research on 4451:Make use of the "cushion funds" 4300: 4282: 4195: 4127: 4033:In the United States of America 3929:40 days of vacation (at least). 3527:and workers have to sell their 3460:Cooperative political movements 3206:Multi-stakeholding in retailing 3115:Franz Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch 2863:needs additional citations for 2289:declining influence of the USSR 19:For the personality trait, see 14341:Australian Anarchist Centenary 14266:German Revolution of 1918–1919 11201:Organizational self-management 9038:Socially responsible investing 8443:Whyte, W. F. and Whyte, K. K. 8367:, Open University Press, 1989. 8150:(February 2015), Carl Ratner, 7326:Bárcena, Selina (9 May 2023). 7206:Fajardo García, Gemma (2021). 6818:SSE Knowledge Hub for the SDGs 6185:(in Finnish). Helsinki: WSOY. 5515:Social Welfare History Project 5417: 5386: 5314: 5284: 5255: 5224: 5199: 5070:(a producer cooperative & 4646:as well as increase their own 3427:cooperation among cooperatives 3129:Multi-stakeholder cooperatives 2744:Franz Herman Schulze'Delitzsch 2518:. 80% were involved in either 2391:Cooperatives as legal entities 2340:Cooperation among cooperatives 2212:World Council of Credit Unions 2116:that would be merged into the 1830:The Research published by the 1: 13980:Decentralized planned economy 13422: 12442:Critique of political economy 12376: 11181:Free association of producers 10938:Critique of political economy 10234: 9230: 8661:Cooperative wholesale society 8283:Cooperative League of America 6981:10.1080/00036846.2022.2118963 6164:"cooperative share capital". 5168: 5033:Employee stock ownership plan 4293:Crowd lending, also known as 4018:financial crisis of 2007–2008 3185:voting is one person one vote 2325:Voluntary and open membership 2250:Stanford Federal Credit Union 2159:said about the association: " 1372:management information system 1023:Chief human resources officer 13577:Proletarian internationalism 13335:Socialist mode of production 13251:Anti-communist mass killings 13193:Workers of the world, unite! 12462:Proletarian internationalism 12268:Socialist calculation debate 12243:Economic calculation problem 11221:Socialist mode of production 10155:Savings and loan association 9084:Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen 8837:Health insurance cooperative 8700:Savings and loan association 7146:10.1080/19463138.2014.951048 5707:, Cambridge University Press 5393:Kontrast.at (8 March 2020). 5237:The American Economic Review 4411: 4177: 4078:Self financing (social base) 4050: 3999: 3486:British cooperative movement 3123:Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen 2748:Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen 2735:organizations and adhere to 2716:. The statue in front is of 2385:suffix of internet addresses 1959:Savings and loan association 1853:(founded by Catholic priest 1366:Enterprise resource planning 1194:Financial statement analysis 449:Massachusetts business trust 25:Cooperative (disambiguation) 7: 14276:1919 United States bombings 13303:Marx's theory of alienation 12336:Organized Labour portal 11075:Socialisation of production 9588:Insurance-linked securities 8404:"The New Cooperativism" in 8351:The History of Co-operation 8050:1984, Seal Press, Seattle. 8029:, 2010, Pan Books, London, 6482:Cooperatives in Agriculture 5112:Mutualism (economic theory) 5008:Danish cooperative movement 4904: 4898:The Ministry for the Future 4759:Mutualism (economic theory) 4705:Interpersonal relationships 4530:Collective decision-making. 4275:Concessional/Flexible Loans 3815:The problem of labour fraud 3625: 3291:New generation cooperatives 2510:, is a cooperative as well. 2313:Co-op principles and values 2307: 2120:between 1970 and 1985. The 1855:José María Arizmendiarrieta 636:Piercing the corporate veil 332:Community interest company 307:UK / Ireland / Commonwealth 295:Economic interest grouping 10: 15365: 15231:Situationist International 14301:Spanish Revolution of 1936 14159:Self-managed social center 11582:Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin 11407:Victor Prosper Considerant 9277:Total permanent disability 8945: 8468:Understanding Cooperatives 8373:Van Deusen, David. (2006) 7889:cooperatives.extension.org 7307:(in Spanish). 1 March 2007 7221:10.7203/CIRIEC-E.103.20685 5900:D. Wolff, Richard (2012). 5887:Cooperatives and Socialism 5618:. Gazetteer for Scotland. 5147:Stock exchange cooperative 4752: 4561: 4510:Developing workers’ skills 4415: 4392: 4312: 4286: 4265: 4254: 4212:Collettivo di Fabbrica GKN 4199: 4181: 4097: 4054: 4036: 3963: 3638: 3435: 3409: 3337: 3286:New generation cooperative 3140: 2998: 2841: 2694: 2645: 2597:, which are often used by 2557: 2533: 2302: 2149:The Association of Farmers 1908: 1890: 405:Limited liability company 29: 18: 15250: 15135: 14695: 14645: 14370: 14356:Really Really Free Market 14351:1999 Seattle WTO protests 14173: 14045: 13955: 13919: 13872: 13795: 13726: 13717: 13667: 13642:Temporary autonomous zone 13567:Permanent autonomous zone 13502:Consensus decision-making 13430: 13358: 13233: 13202: 13160: 13082: 12704: 12653: 12615: 12551: 12510: 12384: 12276: 12225: 12202: 12134: 11655: 11447:William Batchelder Greene 11382:Francisco Largo Caballero 11311: 11272: 11248: 11239: 11118: 10908: 10780: 10735: 10562: 10398: 10257: 10244: 10180: 10032: 10017:Health insurance coverage 9957: 9741: 9570: 9512: 9441: 9360: 9312: 9282:Business overhead expense 9247: 9238: 9180: 9152:United Farmers of Alberta 9138: 9107: 9051: 8976: 8955: 8951: 8940: 8897: 8850: 8829: 8791: 8758: 8713: 8680: 8673: 8641: 8601: 8594: 8590: 8579: 7182:. Yale University Press. 6898:10.1016/j.jce.2009.08.001 6850:(in Catalan). 25 May 2017 5845:The cooperative workplace 5705:The Cooperative Workplace 4652:International Women's Day 3972:Capital and the Debt Trap 3856:, which according to the 3474:United Farmers of Alberta 3305:. For example, producing 3068:Agricultural cooperatives 2459:Cooperative share capital 2334:Autonomy and independence 2237:for his invention of the 1947:Labour law § History 1804:Agricultural cooperatives 1028:Chief information officer 860:Limited liability company 616:Internal affairs doctrine 611:and estoppel corporations 15339:Types of business entity 14346:Carnival Against Capital 14271:Bavarian Soviet Republic 14260:Manifesto of the Sixteen 14154:Radical environmentalism 14103:Independent Media Center 14035:Workers' self-management 13482:Autonomous social center 12487:Workers' self-management 11592:Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz 11085:Socialist market economy 9418:Protection and indemnity 9164:Nepal Co-operative Party 8482:25 February 2011 at the 8326:19 November 2010 at the 8293:Cornforth, C. J. et al. 8048:Murder in the Collective 7954:"What is a Cooperative?" 7069:10.4324/9781315718286-10 6078:27 November 2020 at the 6050:"What is a co-operative" 5722:5 September 2008 at the 5542:9 September 2017 at the 5028:Employee stock ownership 4861:drama television series 4840:Murder in the Collective 4443:Redistribution of losses 4380:Redistribution of profit 4331:Direct equity investment 3763:Internal Revenue Service 3556: 3328: 3097:Dairy Farmers of America 2782:crédito' in Spanish or ' 2754:movement was started by 2235:Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016:Fenwick Weavers' Society 1919:Collegium (ancient Rome) 1041:Chief technology officer 975:Mergers and acquisitions 945:Constitutional documents 770:Management of a business 40:This article is part of 13975:Cost the limit of price 13325:Revolutionary socialism 12533:Socialization (Marxism) 11303:Étienne-Gabriel Morelly 11293:Gabriel Bonnot de Mably 10973:Equality of opportunity 10928:Criticism of capitalism 10677:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 10434:Left-wing laissez-faire 9875:Explanation of benefits 9347:Variable universal life 8437:Problems Of Cooperation 8424:20 October 2014 at the 8408:, Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2010 8396:17 October 2016 at the 8365:Reluctant Entrepreneurs 8165:9 February 2015 at the 8146:9 February 2015 at the 8016:," WorldWatch Institute 7832:SSRN Electronic Journal 5666:18 January 2021 at the 5616:"Rev. Dr. Henry Duncan" 5127:Participatory economics 5122:Participatory democracy 5003:Cost the limit of price 3571:CEO-to-worker pay ratio 3567:top-to-bottom pay ratio 3494:consumers' cooperatives 3418:cooperative federations 3253:Suppliers and producers 3189: 2676:Rural Utilities Service 2348:Co-op Marque and domain 2231:Artturi Ilmari Virtanen 1811:Purchasing cooperatives 1101:Environmental economics 1081:International economics 1032:Chief marketing officer 1018:Chief financial officer 1013:Chief operating officer 1009:Chief executive officer 970:International trade law 764:Business administration 286:Societas unius personae 148:General corporate forms 14771:Bosnia and Herzegovina 13582:Propaganda of the deed 13572:Prefigurative politics 13562:Participatory politics 13507:Conscientious objector 11961:José Carlos Mariátegui 11906:E. M. S. Namboodiripad 11891:Martin Luther King Jr. 11572:Luis Emilio Recabarren 11567:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 11502:Alexandre Ledru-Rollin 11191:Labor-time calculation 11156:Decentralized planning 11060:Proletarian revolution 11015:State-owned enterprise 10933:Criticism of socialism 10012:Health insurance costs 9413:Professional liability 8993:Cooperative federalism 8988:Co-operative economics 8459:29 August 2006 at the 8346:Holyoake, George Jacob 8288:Co-operation 1921–1947 8252:Cite journal requires 8223:Isao Takamura (1995). 8210:Cite journal requires 8070:, 2007, Carol MRP Co, 6512:10.1515/zfgg-1989-0116 6480:Cobia, David, editor, 6314:2 October 2011 at the 6264:: CS1 maint: others ( 6020:"Coop Marque Register" 5870:Wright, Chris (2014). 5498:The Ownership Solution 4775:This section is empty. 4726:in cooperatives are: 4366:social venture capital 4154:more money out of it. 3594:Stability of contracts 3412:Cooperative Federation 3215:Categories of members: 3078:Agricultural marketing 3001:Purchasing cooperative 2995:Purchasing cooperative 2817:Community co-operative 2784: 2737:cooperative principles 2729:financial institutions 2721: 2654:consumers' cooperative 2536:Consumers' cooperative 2530:Consumers' cooperative 2511: 2491: 2404: 2357: 2140: 2108:accruing interest for 2102:depository institution 2043:, from Newtown in mid- 2020:Fenwick, East Ayrshire 2011: 1992:radically revised its 1974:English-speaking world 1670:International business 1655:Business judgment rule 1000:Chief business officer 900:Annual general meeting 880:State-owned enterprise 870:Privately held company 757: 750:consumers' cooperative 598:Business judgment rule 32:Co-op (disambiguation) 23:. For other uses, see 15344:Types of organization 15221:Libertarian socialism 14336:Kate Sharpley Library 14311:Red inverted triangle 14254:High Treason Incident 14244:Congress of Amsterdam 13652:Voluntary association 13462:Anti-authoritarianism 13452:Anarchist criminology 13447:Anarchist Black Cross 13276:Intentional community 12412:Collective leadership 12299:Socialism WikiProject 12061:Léopold Sédar Senghor 11766:Cornelius Castoriadis 11632:Alfred Russel Wallace 11397:Nikolay Chernyshevsky 11362:Louis Auguste Blanqui 11322:Stephen Pearl Andrews 11151:Cooperative ownership 10672:Maoism–Third Worldism 9868:Out-of-pocket expense 9729:Workers' compensation 9383:Collateral protection 9373:Business interruption 8806:Community wind energy 8602:Primary cooperative ( 8432:Warbasse, James Peter 8413:Warbasse, James Peter 8179:, Volume 66, Number 9 8156:, Volume 66, Number 9 7985:Nippierd, A. (2002). 6116:14 April 2019 at the 6092:Types of Cooperatives 5889:. Palgrave Macmillan. 5874:. Booklocker.com Inc. 5741:29 April 2009 at the 5231:Domar, Evsey (1966). 5048:Intentional community 4978:Cooperative economics 4564:Women in cooperatives 4558:Women in cooperatives 4136:Cooperative resources 4066:Cooperative financing 3601:Mondragon Corporation 3479: 3388:non-stock corporation 3368:voluntary association 3353:Volunteer cooperative 3119:Genossenschaftsgesetz 2832:Highlands and Islands 2710:The Co-operative Bank 2708: 2497: 2482: 2475:Types of cooperatives 2398: 2355: 2343:Concern for community 2297:neoliberal capitalism 2280:libertarian socialism 2254:financial institution 2138: 2006: 1871:domain. In 2014, the 1851:Mondragon Corporation 1824:Platform cooperatives 1794:Consumer cooperatives 1346:Customer relationship 1282:Business intelligence 1244:Financial institution 1219:International finance 1169:Cash conversion cycle 1076:Development economics 1037:Chief product officer 785:Management accounting 752:, such as the former 747: 542:Naamloze vennootschap 532:Kabushiki gaisha 349:Limited company 15349:Private aid programs 15334:Mutualism (movement) 15262:Anarchism portal 14666:Fictional characters 14149:Radical cheerleading 13382:Socialism portal 13370:Communism portal 13225:Criticism of Marxism 13215:Communist propaganda 12645:Fourth International 12635:Second International 12422:Communist revolution 12324:Communism portal 12312:Socialism portal 12263:Socialism by country 11871:Pablo Iglesias Posse 11577:Henri de Saint-Simon 11532:Nikolay Mikhaylovsky 11186:Industrial democracy 10993:History of socialism 10988:History of communism 10983:History of anarchism 10091:Corpus Juris Civilis 8573:mutual organizations 8505:28 July 2020 at the 8382:14 July 2014 at the 8122:21 June 2017 at the 8012:30 July 2019 at the 7992:4 March 2016 at the 7840:10.2139/ssrn.4359271 6494:Oswald Hahn (1989). 6453:28 July 2020 at the 6445:Amr Khafagy (2019). 6097:18 July 2011 at the 6008:on 23 February 2016. 5860:, London: Bookmarks. 5195:on 27 November 2020. 5063:List of cooperatives 4983:Collective ownership 4886:Kim Stanley Robinson 4592:improve this article 4395:Capital reinvestment 4389:Capital reinvestment 4295:peer-to-peer lending 4158:Balance sheet assets 4149:Proceeds from assets 3938:Economic performance 3916:Flexible scheduling. 3896:rewrite this section 3708:rewrite this section 3574:conventional firms. 3396:service organization 3340:Platform cooperative 3334:Platform cooperative 3072:fishery cooperatives 3061:Producer cooperative 2965:Indian Coffee Houses 2956:one person, one vote 2872:improve this article 2806:(Sparbank) and true 2804:mutual savings banks 2764:Mouvement Desjardins 2564:Building cooperative 2469:co-operative capital 2200:mutual organisations 2192:industrial societies 2179:one member, one vote 2143:"Spolok Gazdovský" ( 2118:Trustee Savings Bank 2110:sickness and old-age 2071:set up a newspaper, 1943:History of insurance 1862:retail co-operatives 1832:Worldwatch Institute 1287:Business development 1131:Economic development 893:Corporate governance 790:Financial accounting 666:Beneficial ownership 603:Corporate governance 439:Delaware corporation 266:Societas cooperativa 15211:Left-libertarianism 14286:Kronstadt rebellion 14224:Trial of the Thirty 14189:Revolutions of 1848 14131:No gods, no masters 13942:Synthesis anarchism 13932:Anarcho-syndicalism 13920:Types of federation 13330:Socialist economics 13246:Anti anti-communism 13175:Red flag (politics) 12640:Third International 12630:First International 12457:Market abolitionism 12402:Class consciousness 12066:George Bernard Shaw 11981:François Mitterrand 11896:Alexandra Kollontai 11876:Jayaprakash Narayan 11557:Constantin Pecqueur 11377:Philippe Buonarroti 11332:John Goodwyn Barmby 11231:Workplace democracy 11141:Calculation in kind 11131:Anarchist economics 11080:Socialist economics 10978:Equality of outcome 10918:Anarchist economics 10630:Ho Chi Minh Thought 10547:Orthodox Trotskyism 10503:Libertarian Marxism 10498:Left-libertarianism 10150:Rochdale Principles 10145:Mutual savings bank 10140:Mutual organization 10125:Cooperative banking 10042:Mesopotamian banker 9322:Longevity insurance 8963:Rochdale Principles 8910:Agent-owned company 8695:Mutual savings bank 8526:Dollars & Sense 8509:, Amr Khafagy, 2019 8402:Vieta, Marco (ed.) 8389:Vicari S., (2015), 8231:on 14 February 2008 8068:Cooperative Village 7931:10.4000/pistes.2635 7137:2014IJUSD...6..190K 6599:, 79(3/4): 549–577. 6418:. 24 January 2019. 5926:on 9 November 2014. 5647:29 May 2019 at the 5511:"English Poor Laws" 5102:Mutual organization 4947:Architecture portal 4848:Cooperative Village 4838:Less seriously, in 4362:equity crowdfunding 4325:Rochdale Principles 4100:Capital (economics) 3990:perverse incentives 3641:Workplace democracy 3607:since the mid 50s. 3605:Mondragon (Euskadi) 3525:means of production 3364:mutual organization 3074:are such examples. 3035:Agricultural supply 3019:CCA Global Partners 2830:in Ireland and the 2756:Alphonse Desjardins 2697:Cooperative banking 2648:Utility cooperative 2642:Utility cooperative 2570:housing cooperative 2560:Housing cooperative 2554:Housing cooperative 2465:cooperative capital 2453:joint stock company 2407:A cooperative is a 2377:ethical consumerism 2319:Rochdale Principles 2126:Rochdale Principles 2087:Presbyterian Church 1955:Mutual savings bank 1951:Mutual organization 1923:Cooperative banking 1901:Rochdale Principles 1887:Origins and history 1881:ethical consumerism 1788:Worker cooperatives 1697:Business statistics 1680:International trade 1665:Business operations 1361:Electronic business 1266:Types of management 1154:Financial statement 1136:Economic statistics 1004:Chief brand officer 960:Corporate liability 875:Sole proprietorship 855:Joint-stock company 681:Corporate registers 641:Rochdale Principles 395:Benefit corporation 221:Sole proprietorship 15161:Anti-globalization 14831:Dominican Republic 14656:Anarcho-punk bands 14316:Labadie Collection 14306:Barcelona May Days 14209:Cantonal rebellion 14143:Property is theft! 14109:The Internationale 14063:Anarchist bookfair 13864:Without adjectives 13719:Schools of thought 13350:Worker cooperative 13308:National communism 13281:Left-wing politics 13186:The Internationale 12538:Economic democracy 12248:Marxist philosophy 12165:Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu 11991:Gamal Abdel Nasser 11946:Alasdair MacIntyre 11721:Simone de Beauvoir 11492:Ferdinand Lassalle 11259:Tommaso Campanella 11206:Production for use 11166:Economic democracy 11035:Mode of production 11025:Left-wing politics 11004:The Internationale 10692:Xi Jinping Thought 9902:Insurable interest 9403:Payment protection 9304:Payment protection 9158:Co-operative Party 9043:Solidarity economy 9003:Economic democracy 8768:Collective farming 8268:Birchall, Johnston 6941:. 19 November 2014 6675:on 4 February 2012 5904:. Haymarket Books. 5596:on 11 October 2012 5535:Carrell, Severin. 5500:, London: Penguin. 5162:Worker cooperative 5137:Social corporatism 5023:Economic democracy 4956:Artist cooperative 4827:"Where's our mam?" 4660:Dame Pauline Green 4644:economies of scale 4309:Equity investments 4094:Capital by members 4084:Gianluca Salvatore 3966:Economic stability 3960:Economic stability 3858:Audiencia Nacional 3635:Internal democracy 3536:working conditions 3519:Working conditions 3490:Co-operative Party 3466:Co-operative Party 3423:Rochdale Principle 3380:worker cooperative 3143:Social cooperative 3137:Social cooperative 3039:economies of scale 2952:worker cooperative 2844:Worker cooperative 2838:Worker cooperative 2722: 2712:'s head office in 2621:building societies 2599:affordable housing 2545:Retail cooperative 2512: 2492: 2405: 2358: 2276:economic democracy 2258:OP Financial Group 2188:universal suffrage 2141: 2089:in Dumfriesshire, 2012: 1990:British government 1660:Consumer behaviour 1462:Product life-cycle 1249:Capital management 1214:Managerial finance 905:Board of directors 758: 482:Aktiengesellschaft 454:Nevada corporation 15284: 15283: 15241:Spontaneous order 15171:Anti-war movement 14676:Jewish anarchists 14184:French Revolution 14137:Popular education 13915: 13914: 13632:Spontaneous order 13492:Classless society 13390: 13389: 13170:Hammer and sickle 12661:Communist Parties 12477:Stateless society 12472:Social revolution 12437:Communist society 12407:Classless society 12344: 12343: 12217:Socialist parties 12198: 12197: 12101:Ram Manohar Lohia 12041:Gaetano Salvemini 11836:Mikhail Gorbachev 11547:Antonie Pannekoek 11176:Equal opportunity 11171:Economic planning 10904: 10903: 10793:African-Caribbean 10781:Regional variants 10513:Council communism 10381:Saint-Simonianism 10202: 10201: 10047:Code of Hammurabi 10022:Vehicle insurance 9917:Replacement value 9809:Actual cash value 9773:Adverse selection 9763:Actuarial science 9737: 9736: 9669:Kidnap and ransom 9642:Extended warranty 9289:Income protection 9198: 9197: 9176: 9175: 9172: 9171: 9139:Political parties 9094:Rochdale Pioneers 9089:David Schweickart 9028:Social enterprise 8980:economic theories 8936: 8935: 8932: 8931: 8893: 8892: 8669: 8668: 8418:Cooperative Peace 8304:", PM Press, 2009 8169:(February 2015), 8035:978-0-330-53544-1 7506:978-92-2-127031-7 7305:La Voz de Galicia 7189:978-0-300-25405-1 7078:978-1-315-71828-6 6975:(33): 3863–3883. 6969:Applied Economics 6226:978-952-5446-32-6 5902:Democracy at Work 5517:. 19 January 2011 5496:Gates, J. (1998) 4795: 4794: 4718:, even in co-ops. 4712:non-binary people 4710:Lesser wages for 4624: 4623: 4616: 4339:Financing members 4014:cooperative banks 4008:A 2013 report by 3913: 3912: 3889:a manual or guide 3725: 3724: 3701:a manual or guide 3443:Cooperative union 3150:social enterprise 2948: 2947: 2940: 2922: 2364:cooperatives and 2172:Tolpuddle Martyrs 2080:Rev. Henry Duncan 1753: 1752: 1640:Business analysis 1209:Corporate finance 1179:Capital budgeting 1116:Knowledge economy 910:Supervisory board 740: 739: 621:Limited liability 583: 582: 492:Ansvarlig selskap 379:Unlimited company 216:Shelf corporation 211:Shell corporation 199:Limited liability 15356: 15329:Market socialism 15303:Organized labour 15301: 15300: 15292: 15260: 15259: 15258: 15151:Anti-consumerism 15146:Anti-corporatism 14296:Amakasu Incident 14239:Strandza Commune 14214:Haymarket affair 14115:Jewish anarchism 14057:A las Barricadas 14025:Social ownership 14010:Market socialism 13985:Free association 13947:Union of egoists 13724: 13723: 13657:Workers' council 13647:Union of egoists 13607:Security culture 13517:Decentralization 13512:Critique of work 13417: 13410: 13403: 13394: 13393: 13380: 13379: 13368: 13367: 13366: 13271:Internationalism 13261:Communitarianism 12625:Communist League 12528:Common ownership 12497:World revolution 12447:Free association 12371: 12364: 12357: 12348: 12347: 12334: 12333: 12322: 12321: 12320: 12310: 12309: 12296: 12295: 12284: 12283: 12185:Yanis Varoufakis 12138: 12051:Jean-Paul Sartre 12036:Bertrand Russell 12011:Sylvia Pankhurst 11996:Jawaharlal Nehru 11866:Dolores Ibárruri 11831:Einar Gerhardsen 11811:Alexander Dubček 11761:Nikolai Bukharin 11671:Salvador Allende 11659: 11642:Wilhelm Weitling 11627:Suzanne Voilquin 11612:William Thompson 11602:Lysander Spooner 11562:Georgi Plekhanov 11552:Giovanni Pascoli 11517:Errico Malatesta 11512:Helen Macfarlane 11457:Alexander Herzen 11432:Friedrich Engels 11427:Prosper Enfantin 11422:W. E. B. Du Bois 11392:Edward Carpenter 11352:Eduard Bernstein 11315: 11298:Sylvain Maréchal 11276: 11252: 11246: 11245: 11211:Public ownership 11161:Direct democracy 11146:Common ownership 11110:Workers' council 11095:State capitalism 11010:Internationalism 10943:Critique of work 10923:Anti-revisionism 10605:Marxism–Leninism 10439:Left-wing market 10396: 10395: 10356:Social democracy 10239: 10229: 10222: 10215: 10206: 10205: 10160:Social insurance 10115:Friendly society 10007:Health insurance 9835:Short rate table 9583:Catastrophe bond 9484:Lenders mortgage 9245: 9244: 9225: 9218: 9211: 9202: 9201: 8953: 8952: 8942: 8941: 8905:Friendly society 8842:Mutual insurance 8705:Building society 8678: 8677: 8599: 8598: 8592: 8591: 8581: 8580: 8562: 8555: 8548: 8539: 8538: 8445:Making Mondragon 8261: 8255: 8250: 8248: 8240: 8238: 8236: 8227:. Archived from 8219: 8213: 8208: 8206: 8198: 8196: 8190:. Archived from 8189: 8127: 8114: 8108: 8107: 8105: 8103: 8084: 8078: 8064: 8058: 8044: 8038: 8023: 8017: 8003: 7997: 7983: 7974: 7973: 7971: 7969: 7964:on 26 March 2013 7960:. Archived from 7950: 7944: 7943: 7933: 7913: 7900: 7899: 7897: 7895: 7881: 7860: 7859: 7823: 7817: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7759: 7752: 7744: 7735: 7734: 7728: 7720: 7718: 7716: 7711:on 27 March 2016 7710: 7704:. 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December 2006. 6307:Whitsett, Ross. 6305: 6299: 6298: 6293: 6286: 6276: 6270: 6269: 6263: 6255: 6250: 6240: 6234: 6233: 6210: 6204: 6203: 6178: 6172: 6171: 6161: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6130: 6124: 6123: 6108: 6102: 6088: 6082: 6069: 6060: 6059: 6055:Co-operatives UK 6046: 6040: 6039: 6037: 6035: 6016: 6010: 6009: 5994: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5964: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5934: 5928: 5927: 5912: 5906: 5905: 5897: 5891: 5890: 5882: 5876: 5875: 5867: 5861: 5854: 5848: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5785: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5755: 5746: 5733: 5727: 5714: 5708: 5701: 5695: 5685: 5679: 5676: 5670: 5657: 5651: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5612: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5586: 5580: 5577: 5571: 5570: 5559: 5553: 5552:, 7 August 2007. 5533: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5507: 5501: 5494: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5470:Europe, CICOPA. 5467: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5452:. Archived from 5451: 5443: 5437: 5436: 5435:on 26 June 2015. 5431:. Archived from 5421: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5390: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5373: 5365:Co-operatives UK 5362: 5354: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5318: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5276: 5274: 5265:. Archived from 5259: 5253: 5252: 5228: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5191:. Archived from 5179: 5142:Social ownership 5078:Market socialism 5038:Friendly society 4993:Common ownership 4961:Co-determination 4949: 4944: 4943: 4935: 4930: 4929: 4921: 4919:Socialism portal 4916: 4915: 4790: 4787: 4777:You can help by 4770: 4763: 4755:Market socialism 4648:bargaining power 4619: 4612: 4608: 4605: 4599: 4576: 4568: 4534:However, Castel 4483:job satisfaction 4473:Job satisfaction 4439:if they appear. 4404:Patronage refund 4370:impact investing 4360:, quasi-equity, 4315:Equity (finance) 4251:Challenge grants 4172:Financial grants 4167:Financial grants 4028:In North America 3994:economic bubbles 3982:counter-cyclical 3943:Job productivity 3908: 3905: 3899: 3887:is written like 3880: 3879: 3872: 3720: 3717: 3711: 3699:is written like 3692: 3691: 3684: 3662:William Thompson 3450:Co-operatives UK 3390:, volunteer-run 3303:primary products 3051:socialist states 3047:collective farms 2943: 2936: 2932: 2929: 2923: 2921: 2880: 2856: 2848: 2787: 2752:caisse populaire 2727:are cooperative 2628:savings and loan 2262:cooperative bank 2168:friendly society 2106:savings accounts 2095:friendly society 1935:Friendly society 1745: 1738: 1731: 1715: 1714: 1692:Business process 1234:Financial market 1071:Labour economics 1066:Public economics 825:Corporation sole 760: 759: 732: 725: 718: 686:Registered agent 631:Drag-along right 571: 556: 546: 536: 526: 516: 506: 496: 486: 476: 445: 428: 408: 352: 343: 335: 327: 319: 308: 298: 290: 280: 276:Societas privata 270: 260: 241: 240: 60: 37: 36: 15364: 15363: 15359: 15358: 15357: 15355: 15354: 15353: 15319:Business models 15309: 15308: 15307: 15295: 15287: 15285: 15280: 15256: 15254: 15246: 15245: 15244: 15201:Labour movement 15131: 15130: 15129: 14691: 14690: 14689: 14641: 14640: 14639: 14366: 14365: 14364: 14361:Occupy movement 14234:Ferrer movement 14169: 14168: 14167: 14083:Escuela Moderna 14041: 14040: 14039: 13951: 13911: 13868: 13832:Insurrectionary 13791: 13713: 13712: 13711: 13663: 13662: 13661: 13587:Refusal of work 13472:Anti-militarism 13467:Anti-capitalism 13426: 13421: 13391: 13386: 13374: 13364: 13362: 13354: 13229: 13198: 13156: 13078: 12700: 12649: 12611: 12547: 12518:Planned economy 12506: 12492:World communism 12467:Labour movement 12427:Communist state 12417:Communist party 12392:Anti-capitalism 12380: 12375: 12345: 12340: 12328: 12318: 12316: 12304: 12272: 12221: 12194: 12130: 12056:Arthur Scargill 12026:Pierre Renaudel 11846:Antonio Gramsci 11826:Muammar Gaddafi 11821:Faiz Ahmad Faiz 11816:Albert Einstein 11756:Aristide Briand 11746:Murray Bookchin 11741:Grace Lee Boggs 11726:Walter Benjamin 11696:Chiang Kai-shek 11676:Inejirō Asanuma 11651: 11622:Benjamin Tucker 11482:Peter Kropotkin 11462:Thomas Hodgskin 11437:Charles Fourier 11417:Théodore Dézamy 11367:Philippe Buchez 11327:Mikhail Bakunin 11307: 11283:Gracchus Babeuf 11268: 11235: 11216:Social dividend 11114: 11090:Socialist state 11055:Post-capitalism 11050:Planned economy 11045:Nationalization 10910: 10900: 10776: 10731: 10566: 10558: 10456:Insurrectionary 10402: 10394: 10260: 10253: 10240: 10235: 10233: 10203: 10198: 10176: 10172:Insurance cycle 10135:Fraternal order 10028: 9959: 9953: 9912:Proximate cause 9907:Insurance fraud 9887:General average 9846:Claims adjuster 9788:Risk management 9783:Risk assessment 9747: 9744: 9733: 9699:Prize indemnity 9566: 9514: 9508: 9437: 9398:Over-redemption 9356: 9308: 9299:National health 9240: 9234: 9229: 9199: 9194: 9168: 9134: 9103: 9069:David Griffiths 9047: 9008:Guild socialism 8981: 8979: 8972: 8947: 8928: 8889: 8885:Social services 8846: 8825: 8787: 8754: 8738:Housing society 8733:Student housing 8709: 8665: 8637: 8586: 8575: 8566: 8517: 8512: 8507:Wayback Machine 8484:Wayback Machine 8461:Wayback Machine 8426:Wayback Machine 8398:Wayback Machine 8384:Wayback Machine 8328:Wayback Machine 8319:Emerson, John. 8253: 8251: 8242: 8241: 8234: 8232: 8211: 8209: 8200: 8199: 8197:on 15 May 2005. 8194: 8187: 8167:Wayback Machine 8148:Wayback Machine 8136: 8131: 8130: 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7027: 7023: 7017: 7004: 6961: 6954: 6944: 6942: 6939:www.cicopa.coop 6933: 6932: 6913: 6878: 6863: 6853: 6851: 6842: 6841: 6832: 6822: 6820: 6812: 6811: 6807: 6797: 6795: 6787: 6786: 6775: 6765: 6763: 6755: 6754: 6745: 6740:on 31 May 2019. 6732: 6731: 6727: 6722: 6718: 6708: 6706: 6693: 6692: 6688: 6678: 6676: 6667: 6666: 6662: 6646: 6645: 6638: 6636: 6632: 6625: 6623:"Archived copy" 6621: 6620: 6616: 6607: 6603: 6594: 6590: 6580: 6578: 6563:10.2307/1190425 6543: 6539: 6529: 6527: 6492: 6488: 6479: 6475: 6466: 6465: 6461: 6455:Wayback Machine 6444: 6435: 6425: 6423: 6414: 6413: 6409: 6399: 6397: 6388: 6387: 6383: 6373: 6371: 6362: 6361: 6357: 6347: 6345: 6332: 6331: 6327: 6316:Wayback Machine 6306: 6302: 6291: 6284: 6278: 6277: 6273: 6257: 6256: 6248: 6242: 6241: 6237: 6227: 6212: 6211: 6207: 6193: 6179: 6175: 6163: 6162: 6153: 6143: 6141: 6132: 6131: 6127: 6121: 6118:Wayback Machine 6109: 6105: 6099:Wayback Machine 6089: 6085: 6080:Wayback Machine 6070: 6063: 6048: 6047: 6043: 6033: 6031: 6018: 6017: 6013: 5998:"Coop Identity" 5996: 5995: 5991: 5981: 5979: 5966: 5965: 5961: 5951: 5949: 5936: 5935: 5931: 5914: 5913: 5909: 5898: 5894: 5883: 5879: 5868: 5864: 5855: 5851: 5842: 5838: 5828: 5826: 5813: 5812: 5808: 5798: 5796: 5787: 5786: 5782: 5772: 5770: 5757: 5756: 5749: 5743:Wayback Machine 5734: 5730: 5724:Wayback Machine 5715: 5711: 5702: 5698: 5686: 5682: 5677: 5673: 5668:Wayback Machine 5658: 5654: 5649:Wayback Machine 5639: 5635: 5625: 5623: 5614: 5613: 5609: 5599: 5597: 5588: 5587: 5583: 5578: 5574: 5561: 5560: 5556: 5544:Wayback Machine 5534: 5530: 5520: 5518: 5509: 5508: 5504: 5495: 5491: 5481: 5479: 5468: 5464: 5459:on 6 July 2011. 5456: 5449: 5445: 5444: 5440: 5423: 5422: 5418: 5408: 5406: 5391: 5387: 5377: 5375: 5371: 5360: 5356: 5355: 5348: 5338: 5336: 5319: 5315: 5305: 5303: 5290: 5289: 5285: 5272: 5270: 5269:on 18 June 2019 5261: 5260: 5256: 5229: 5225: 5215: 5213: 5205: 5204: 5200: 5181: 5180: 5176: 5171: 5166: 4945: 4938: 4933:Business portal 4931: 4924: 4917: 4910: 4907: 4879:TESA Collective 4821:Century Trilogy 4800: 4791: 4785: 4782: 4761: 4753:Main articles: 4751: 4734:Sexual violence 4620: 4609: 4603: 4600: 4589: 4577: 4566: 4560: 4475: 4462: 4453: 4445: 4429: 4420: 4414: 4406: 4397: 4391: 4382: 4374:patient capital 4350: 4341: 4333: 4317: 4311: 4303: 4291: 4285: 4277: 4268: 4259: 4257:Challenge grant 4253: 4238:Especially for 4236: 4204: 4198: 4186: 4180: 4169: 4160: 4151: 4143: 4138: 4130: 4102: 4096: 4088:Riccardo Bodini 4080: 4068: 4059: 4053: 4041: 4035: 4030: 4012:concluded that 4002: 3968: 3962: 3945: 3940: 3909: 3903: 3900: 3893: 3881: 3877: 3870: 3846:Servicarne Coop 3837:social security 3817: 3761:In the US, the 3748: 3721: 3715: 3712: 3705: 3693: 3689: 3682: 3643: 3637: 3628: 3596: 3559: 3544:Kunle Akingbola 3521: 3482: 3468:, the Canadian 3462: 3445: 3440: 3414: 3408: 3355: 3342: 3336: 3331: 3288: 3208: 3192: 3157:organizations. 3145: 3139: 3131: 3086:food processing 3063: 3003: 2997: 2986: 2977:Suma Wholefoods 2944: 2933: 2927: 2924: 2881: 2879: 2869: 2857: 2846: 2840: 2819: 2703: 2695:Main articles: 2693: 2650: 2644: 2632:Leeds Permanent 2566: 2558:Main articles: 2556: 2547: 2538: 2532: 2477: 2461: 2393: 2350: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2038:social reformer 1965: 1931:Fraternal order 1911:Benefit society 1907: 1891:Main articles: 1889: 1759:(also known as 1749: 1709: 1702: 1701: 1645:Business ethics 1635: 1625: 1624: 1565: 1557: 1556: 1267: 1259: 1258: 1254:Venture capital 1184:Commercial bank 1174:Insider dealing 1149: 1141: 1140: 1091:Planned economy 1056: 1046: 1045: 990: 988:Corporate title 980: 979: 955:Corporate crime 935: 925: 924: 920:Audit committee 895: 885: 884: 840:Holding company 820:Corporate group 815: 808:Business entity 800: 799: 780: 736: 691: 690: 671:Civil procedure 661: 653: 652: 626:Tag-along right 593: 585: 584: 569: 554: 544: 534: 524: 514: 504: 494: 484: 474: 443:statutory trust 437: 426: 406: 350: 347: 341: 333: 325: 317: 306: 296: 288: 278: 268: 258: 238: 236:by jurisdiction 235: 234:Corporate forms 226: 225: 206:Private limited 174:Holding company 149: 141: 140: 122: 68: 67:By jurisdiction 35: 28: 21:Cooperativeness 17: 12: 11: 5: 15362: 15352: 15351: 15346: 15341: 15336: 15331: 15326: 15321: 15306: 15305: 15282: 15281: 15279: 15272: 15265: 15251: 15248: 15247: 15243: 15238: 15233: 15228: 15223: 15218: 15216:Libertarianism 15213: 15208: 15206:Left communism 15203: 15198: 15193: 15188: 15183: 15178: 15173: 15168: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15148: 15143: 15142: 15141: 15139: 15137:Related topics 15133: 15132: 15128: 15123: 15118: 15113: 15108: 15106:United Kingdom 15103: 15098: 15093: 15088: 15083: 15078: 15073: 15068: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15018: 15013: 15008: 15003: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14983: 14978: 14973: 14968: 14963: 14958: 14953: 14948: 14943: 14938: 14933: 14928: 14923: 14918: 14913: 14908: 14903: 14898: 14893: 14888: 14883: 14878: 14873: 14868: 14863: 14858: 14853: 14848: 14843: 14838: 14833: 14828: 14823: 14821:Czech Republic 14818: 14813: 14808: 14803: 14798: 14793: 14788: 14783: 14778: 14773: 14768: 14763: 14758: 14753: 14748: 14743: 14738: 14733: 14728: 14723: 14718: 14713: 14708: 14703: 14702: 14701: 14699: 14693: 14692: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14663: 14658: 14653: 14652: 14651: 14649: 14643: 14642: 14638: 14633: 14628: 14623: 14618: 14613: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14583: 14578: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14553: 14548: 14543: 14538: 14533: 14528: 14523: 14518: 14513: 14508: 14503: 14498: 14493: 14488: 14483: 14478: 14476:González Prada 14473: 14468: 14463: 14458: 14453: 14448: 14443: 14438: 14433: 14428: 14423: 14418: 14413: 14408: 14403: 14398: 14393: 14388: 14383: 14378: 14377: 14376: 14374: 14368: 14367: 14363: 14358: 14353: 14348: 14343: 14338: 14333: 14328: 14323: 14318: 14313: 14308: 14303: 14298: 14293: 14291:Makhnovshchina 14288: 14283: 14278: 14273: 14268: 14263: 14256: 14251: 14246: 14241: 14236: 14231: 14226: 14221: 14216: 14211: 14206: 14204:Hague Congress 14201: 14196: 14191: 14186: 14181: 14180: 14179: 14177: 14171: 14170: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14151: 14146: 14139: 14134: 14127: 14122: 14117: 14112: 14105: 14100: 14095: 14090: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14060: 14053: 14052: 14051: 14049: 14043: 14042: 14038: 14037: 14032: 14027: 14022: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14005:Labour voucher 14002: 14000:Give-away shop 13997: 13992: 13990:General strike 13987: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13969: 13963: 13962: 13961: 13959: 13953: 13952: 13950: 13949: 13944: 13939: 13934: 13929: 13927:Affinity group 13923: 13921: 13917: 13916: 13913: 13912: 13910: 13909: 13904: 13899: 13897:Post-anarchist 13894: 13889: 13884: 13878: 13876: 13870: 13869: 13867: 13866: 13861: 13860: 13859: 13854: 13849: 13839: 13834: 13829: 13824: 13823: 13822: 13820:Social ecology 13817: 13807: 13801: 13799: 13797:Post-classical 13793: 13792: 13790: 13789: 13788: 13787: 13786: 13776: 13766: 13761: 13760: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13748: 13747: 13732: 13730: 13721: 13715: 13714: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13690: 13685: 13680: 13675: 13674: 13673: 13671: 13665: 13664: 13660: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13617:Social ecology 13614: 13612:Self-ownership 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13559: 13554: 13549: 13544: 13542:Horizontalidad 13539: 13534: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13504: 13499: 13497:Class struggle 13494: 13489: 13484: 13479: 13477:Affinity group 13474: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13449: 13444: 13438: 13437: 13436: 13434: 13428: 13427: 13420: 13419: 13412: 13405: 13397: 13388: 13387: 13385: 13384: 13372: 13359: 13356: 13355: 13353: 13352: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13327: 13322: 13317: 13316: 13315: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13294: 13293: 13288: 13278: 13273: 13268: 13263: 13258: 13253: 13248: 13243: 13237: 13235: 13234:Related topics 13231: 13230: 13228: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13212: 13210:Anti-communism 13206: 13204: 13200: 13199: 13197: 13196: 13189: 13182: 13177: 13172: 13166: 13164: 13158: 13157: 13155: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13139: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13119: 13114: 13113: 13112: 13102: 13097: 13092: 13086: 13084: 13080: 13079: 13077: 13076: 13071: 13066: 13061: 13056: 13051: 13046: 13041: 13036: 13031: 13026: 13021: 13016: 13011: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12991: 12986: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12906: 12901: 12896: 12891: 12886: 12881: 12876: 12871: 12866: 12861: 12856: 12851: 12846: 12841: 12836: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12811: 12806: 12801: 12796: 12791: 12786: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12756: 12751: 12746: 12741: 12736: 12731: 12726: 12721: 12716: 12710: 12708: 12702: 12701: 12699: 12698: 12693: 12688: 12683: 12678: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12657: 12655: 12651: 12650: 12648: 12647: 12642: 12637: 12632: 12627: 12621: 12619: 12613: 12612: 12610: 12609: 12608: 12607: 12597: 12592: 12591: 12590: 12580: 12579: 12578: 12573: 12563: 12557: 12555: 12549: 12548: 12546: 12545: 12540: 12535: 12530: 12525: 12520: 12514: 12512: 12508: 12507: 12505: 12504: 12499: 12494: 12489: 12484: 12479: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12444: 12439: 12434: 12429: 12424: 12419: 12414: 12409: 12404: 12399: 12397:Class conflict 12394: 12388: 12386: 12382: 12381: 12374: 12373: 12366: 12359: 12351: 12342: 12341: 12339: 12338: 12326: 12314: 12302: 12290: 12277: 12274: 12273: 12271: 12270: 12265: 12260: 12255: 12250: 12245: 12240: 12235: 12229: 12227: 12223: 12222: 12220: 12219: 12214: 12208: 12206: 12200: 12199: 12196: 12195: 12193: 12192: 12187: 12182: 12177: 12172: 12167: 12162: 12157: 12152: 12147: 12145:Pedro Castillo 12141: 12139: 12132: 12131: 12129: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12093: 12088: 12086:E. P. Thompson 12083: 12078: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12058: 12053: 12048: 12046:Bernie Sanders 12043: 12038: 12033: 12031:B. T. Ranadive 12028: 12023: 12018: 12013: 12008: 12003: 11998: 11993: 11988: 11983: 11978: 11973: 11968: 11966:Adrien Marquet 11963: 11958: 11956:Nelson Mandela 11953: 11948: 11943: 11938: 11936:Rosa Luxemburg 11933: 11928: 11926:Vladimir Lenin 11923: 11918: 11916:Henri Lefebvre 11913: 11908: 11903: 11898: 11893: 11888: 11883: 11881:Russell Jacoby 11878: 11873: 11868: 11863: 11861:Saddam Hussein 11858: 11853: 11848: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11818: 11813: 11808: 11803: 11801:Eugene V. Debs 11798: 11793: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11751:Bertolt Brecht 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11723: 11718: 11713: 11711:Henri Barbusse 11708: 11703: 11698: 11693: 11688: 11686:Clement Attlee 11683: 11681:Hafez al-Assad 11678: 11673: 11668: 11662: 11660: 11653: 11652: 11650: 11649: 11644: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11607:Fred M. Taylor 11604: 11599: 11594: 11589: 11584: 11579: 11574: 11569: 11564: 11559: 11554: 11549: 11544: 11539: 11537:William Morris 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11464: 11459: 11454: 11449: 11444: 11439: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11402:James Connolly 11399: 11394: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11347:Edward Bellamy 11344: 11339: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11318: 11316: 11309: 11308: 11306: 11305: 11300: 11295: 11290: 11288:Victor d'Hupay 11285: 11279: 11277: 11270: 11269: 11267: 11266: 11261: 11255: 11253: 11243: 11237: 11236: 11234: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11196:Labour voucher 11193: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11122: 11120: 11116: 11115: 11113: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11082: 11077: 11072: 11067: 11062: 11057: 11052: 11047: 11042: 11037: 11032: 11027: 11022: 11017: 11012: 11007: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10970: 10965: 10963:Egalitarianism 10960: 10955: 10950: 10948:Class struggle 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10914: 10912: 10906: 10905: 10902: 10901: 10899: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10883: 10882: 10881: 10876: 10874:In one country 10866: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10841: 10840: 10839: 10829: 10828: 10827: 10826: 10825: 10815: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10784: 10782: 10778: 10777: 10775: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10763: 10762: 10757: 10747: 10741: 10739: 10733: 10732: 10730: 10729: 10728: 10727: 10717: 10716: 10715: 10710: 10709: 10708: 10707: 10706: 10696: 10695: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10622: 10617: 10612: 10602: 10592: 10587: 10586: 10585: 10574: 10572: 10560: 10559: 10557: 10556: 10551: 10550: 10549: 10544: 10543: 10542: 10537: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10516: 10515: 10508:Left communism 10500: 10495: 10494: 10493: 10488: 10483: 10478: 10473: 10468: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10442: 10441: 10436: 10426: 10421: 10410: 10408: 10393: 10392: 10391: 10390: 10389: 10388: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10358: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10317: 10316: 10311: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10265: 10263: 10255: 10254: 10245: 10242: 10241: 10232: 10231: 10224: 10217: 10209: 10200: 10199: 10197: 10196: 10193:List of topics 10189: 10181: 10178: 10177: 10175: 10174: 10169: 10168: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10108: 10103: 10102: 10101: 10087: 10086: 10085: 10080: 10078:Burial society 10068: 10067: 10066: 10060:§235–238; §240 10052:§100–105; §126 10044: 10038: 10036: 10030: 10029: 10027: 10026: 10025: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10004: 10002:Climate change 9994: 9992:United Kingdom 9989: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9963: 9961: 9955: 9954: 9952: 9951: 9950: 9949: 9939: 9937:Underinsurance 9934: 9929: 9927:Self-insurance 9924: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9877: 9872: 9871: 9870: 9865: 9860: 9850: 9849: 9848: 9838: 9837: 9836: 9833: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9805: 9804: 9799: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9760: 9754: 9752: 9739: 9738: 9735: 9734: 9732: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9694:Political risk 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9674:Legal expenses 9671: 9666: 9661: 9660: 9659: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9623: 9622: 9617: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9591: 9590: 9585: 9574: 9572: 9568: 9567: 9565: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9518: 9516: 9510: 9509: 9507: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9454:Builder's risk 9451: 9445: 9443: 9439: 9438: 9436: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9378:Business owner 9375: 9370: 9364: 9362: 9358: 9357: 9355: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9342:Universal life 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9318: 9316: 9310: 9309: 9307: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9294:Long-term care 9291: 9286: 9285: 9284: 9279: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9253: 9251: 9242: 9236: 9235: 9228: 9227: 9220: 9213: 9205: 9196: 9195: 9193: 9192: 9187: 9181: 9178: 9177: 9174: 9173: 9170: 9169: 9167: 9166: 9161: 9155: 9149: 9142: 9140: 9136: 9135: 9133: 9132: 9127: 9125:United Kingdom 9122: 9117: 9111: 9109: 9105: 9104: 9102: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9055: 9053: 9049: 9048: 9046: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9018:Neo-capitalism 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8984: 8982: 8977: 8974: 8973: 8971: 8970: 8965: 8959: 8957: 8949: 8948: 8938: 8937: 8934: 8933: 8930: 8929: 8927: 8926: 8919: 8912: 8907: 8901: 8899: 8895: 8894: 8891: 8890: 8888: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8866: 8865: 8854: 8852: 8848: 8847: 8845: 8844: 8839: 8833: 8831: 8827: 8826: 8824: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8802: 8800: 8789: 8788: 8786: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8764: 8762: 8756: 8755: 8753: 8752: 8751: 8750: 8745: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8719: 8717: 8711: 8710: 8708: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8686: 8684: 8675: 8671: 8670: 8667: 8666: 8664: 8663: 8658: 8652: 8650: 8639: 8638: 8636: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8615: 8609: 8607: 8596: 8588: 8587: 8577: 8576: 8565: 8564: 8557: 8550: 8542: 8536: 8535: 8530: 8516: 8515:External links 8513: 8511: 8510: 8495: 8486: 8472: 8464: 8448: 8441: 8429: 8410: 8400: 8387: 8371: 8368: 8361: 8358: 8355: 8343: 8331: 8317: 8310:Derr, Jascha. 8308: 8305: 8298: 8291: 8280: 8274: 8271: 8265: 8262: 8254:|journal= 8220: 8212:|journal= 8180: 8176:Monthly Review 8157: 8153:Monthly Review 8137: 8135: 8132: 8129: 8128: 8126:, Truthout.org 8109: 8079: 8059: 8039: 8027:Fall of Giants 8018: 7998: 7975: 7945: 7901: 7861: 7818: 7771: 7736: 7690: 7644: 7618: 7588: 7557: 7527: 7505: 7481: 7435: 7416: 7391: 7379: 7361:(in Spanish). 7345: 7318: 7292: 7262: 7253: 7195: 7188: 7168: 7131:(2): 190–205. 7104: 7077: 7047: 7021: 7002: 6952: 6911: 6892:(4): 517–533. 6861: 6830: 6805: 6793:institute.coop 6773: 6743: 6725: 6716: 6686: 6660: 6614: 6601: 6588: 6557:(1): 208–221. 6537: 6486: 6473: 6459: 6433: 6407: 6381: 6355: 6325: 6320:The Cooperator 6300: 6271: 6235: 6225: 6205: 6191: 6173: 6151: 6125: 6111:Osuuskuntalaki 6103: 6083: 6061: 6041: 6011: 5989: 5959: 5929: 5907: 5892: 5877: 5862: 5849: 5836: 5806: 5780: 5747: 5728: 5709: 5696: 5680: 5671: 5652: 5633: 5607: 5581: 5572: 5554: 5528: 5502: 5489: 5462: 5438: 5416: 5385: 5346: 5313: 5283: 5254: 5223: 5198: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5117:Neo-capitalism 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5080: 5075: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4969: 4968: 4958: 4952: 4951: 4950: 4936: 4922: 4906: 4903: 4844:Barbara Wilson 4832: 4831: 4828: 4816:Fall of Giants 4799: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4773: 4771: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4745: 4731: 4720: 4719: 4708: 4702: 4698: 4622: 4621: 4580: 4578: 4571: 4562:Main article: 4559: 4556: 4532: 4531: 4528: 4525: 4522: 4515: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4505: 4487:social economy 4474: 4471: 4461: 4458: 4452: 4449: 4444: 4441: 4428: 4425: 4413: 4410: 4405: 4402: 4390: 4387: 4381: 4378: 4349: 4346: 4340: 4337: 4332: 4329: 4310: 4307: 4302: 4299: 4284: 4281: 4276: 4273: 4267: 4264: 4252: 4249: 4235: 4232: 4228:sustainability 4197: 4194: 4179: 4176: 4168: 4165: 4159: 4156: 4150: 4147: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4124: 4120: 4095: 4092: 4079: 4076: 4067: 4064: 4055:Main article: 4052: 4049: 4037:Main article: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4001: 3998: 3961: 3958: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3884: 3882: 3875: 3869: 3866: 3816: 3813: 3812: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3789: 3788: 3785: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3747: 3744: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3696: 3694: 3687: 3681: 3678: 3636: 3633: 3627: 3624: 3595: 3592: 3558: 3555: 3520: 3517: 3481: 3478: 3461: 3458: 3444: 3441: 3410:Main article: 3407: 3404: 3392:consumer co-op 3384:employee-owned 3354: 3351: 3338:Main article: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3319:gourmet cheese 3287: 3284: 3264: 3263: 3256: 3249: 3242: 3235: 3228: 3207: 3204: 3191: 3188: 3187: 3186: 3183: 3179: 3176: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3155:social economy 3141:Main article: 3138: 3135: 3130: 3127: 3062: 3059: 2999:Main article: 2996: 2993: 2985: 2982: 2946: 2945: 2860: 2858: 2851: 2842:Main article: 2839: 2836: 2818: 2815: 2810:(Andelsbank). 2733:not-for-profit 2692: 2689: 2658:public utility 2646:Main article: 2643: 2640: 2613: 2612: 2602: 2592: 2578:not-for-profit 2555: 2552: 2546: 2543: 2534:Main article: 2531: 2528: 2476: 2473: 2460: 2457: 2392: 2389: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2252:was the first 2078:Also in 1810, 2073:The Cooperator 2018:was formed in 1998:British Empire 1982:profit sharing 1915:Burial society 1888: 1885: 1828: 1827: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1808: 1807: 1806: 1797: 1791: 1751: 1750: 1748: 1747: 1740: 1733: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1720: 1719: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1688: 1687: 1677: 1675:Business model 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1636: 1631: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1431: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1393: 1392: 1384:Human resource 1381: 1376: 1375: 1374: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1326:Communications 1323: 1322: 1321: 1311: 1310: 1309: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1204:Public finance 1201: 1199:Financial risk 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1126:Macroeconomics 1123: 1121:Microeconomics 1118: 1113: 1111:Market economy 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1057: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1034: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1006: 997: 991: 986: 985: 982: 981: 978: 977: 972: 967: 965:Insolvency law 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 940:Commercial law 936: 931: 930: 927: 926: 923: 922: 917: 915:Advisory board 912: 907: 902: 896: 891: 890: 887: 886: 883: 882: 877: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 822: 816: 806: 805: 802: 801: 798: 797: 792: 787: 781: 776: 775: 772: 771: 767: 766: 738: 737: 735: 734: 727: 720: 712: 709: 708: 707: 706: 701: 699:Company portal 693: 692: 689: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 662: 659: 658: 655: 654: 651: 650: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 605: 600: 594: 591: 590: 587: 586: 581: 580: 579: 578: 573: 563: 558: 548: 538: 528: 518: 508: 498: 488: 478: 464: 463: 459: 458: 457: 456: 451: 446: 435: 430: 422: 417: 416: 415: 413:Low-profit LLC 402: 397: 389: 388: 384: 383: 382: 381: 376: 375: 374: 369: 364: 359: 345: 337: 329: 321: 310: 309: 303: 302: 301: 300: 292: 282: 272: 262: 248: 247: 245:European Union 239: 232: 231: 228: 227: 224: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 202: 201: 196: 191: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 150: 147: 146: 143: 142: 139: 138: 137: 136: 131: 124:European Union 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 93:Cayman Islands 90: 85: 80: 75: 69: 66: 65: 62: 61: 53: 52: 46: 45: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15361: 15350: 15347: 15345: 15342: 15340: 15337: 15335: 15332: 15330: 15327: 15325: 15322: 15320: 15317: 15316: 15314: 15304: 15299: 15294: 15293: 15290: 15278: 15277: 15273: 15271: 15270: 15266: 15264: 15263: 15252: 15249: 15242: 15239: 15237: 15234: 15232: 15229: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15219: 15217: 15214: 15212: 15209: 15207: 15204: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15172: 15169: 15167: 15164: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15147: 15144: 15140: 15138: 15134: 15127: 15124: 15122: 15119: 15117: 15114: 15112: 15111:United States 15109: 15107: 15104: 15102: 15099: 15097: 15094: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15082: 15079: 15077: 15074: 15072: 15069: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15019: 15017: 15014: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15004: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14934: 14932: 14929: 14927: 14924: 14922: 14919: 14917: 14914: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14902: 14899: 14897: 14894: 14892: 14889: 14887: 14884: 14882: 14879: 14877: 14874: 14872: 14871:French Guiana 14869: 14867: 14864: 14862: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14842: 14839: 14837: 14834: 14832: 14829: 14827: 14824: 14822: 14819: 14817: 14814: 14812: 14809: 14807: 14804: 14802: 14799: 14797: 14794: 14792: 14789: 14787: 14784: 14782: 14779: 14777: 14774: 14772: 14769: 14767: 14764: 14762: 14759: 14757: 14754: 14752: 14749: 14747: 14744: 14742: 14739: 14737: 14734: 14732: 14729: 14727: 14724: 14722: 14719: 14717: 14714: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14704: 14700: 14698: 14694: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14664: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14650: 14648: 14644: 14637: 14634: 14632: 14629: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14619: 14617: 14614: 14612: 14609: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14509: 14507: 14504: 14502: 14499: 14497: 14494: 14492: 14489: 14487: 14484: 14482: 14479: 14477: 14474: 14472: 14469: 14467: 14464: 14462: 14459: 14457: 14454: 14452: 14449: 14447: 14444: 14442: 14439: 14437: 14434: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14424: 14422: 14419: 14417: 14414: 14412: 14409: 14407: 14404: 14402: 14399: 14397: 14394: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14375: 14373: 14369: 14362: 14359: 14357: 14354: 14352: 14349: 14347: 14344: 14342: 14339: 14337: 14334: 14332: 14329: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14319: 14317: 14314: 14312: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14302: 14299: 14297: 14294: 14292: 14289: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14281:Biennio Rosso 14279: 14277: 14274: 14272: 14269: 14267: 14264: 14262: 14261: 14257: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14247: 14245: 14242: 14240: 14237: 14235: 14232: 14230: 14227: 14225: 14222: 14220: 14217: 14215: 14212: 14210: 14207: 14205: 14202: 14200: 14199:Paris Commune 14197: 14195: 14192: 14190: 14187: 14185: 14182: 14178: 14176: 14172: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14155: 14152: 14150: 14147: 14144: 14140: 14138: 14135: 14132: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14110: 14106: 14104: 14101: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14091: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14058: 14054: 14050: 14048: 14044: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14020:Mutual credit 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13970: 13968: 13967:Communization 13965: 13964: 13960: 13958: 13954: 13948: 13945: 13943: 13940: 13938: 13935: 13933: 13930: 13928: 13925: 13924: 13922: 13918: 13908: 13905: 13903: 13900: 13898: 13895: 13893: 13890: 13888: 13885: 13883: 13880: 13879: 13877: 13875: 13871: 13865: 13862: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13850: 13848: 13845: 13844: 13843: 13840: 13838: 13835: 13833: 13830: 13828: 13825: 13821: 13818: 13816: 13813: 13812: 13811: 13808: 13806: 13803: 13802: 13800: 13798: 13794: 13785: 13782: 13781: 13780: 13777: 13775: 13772: 13771: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13762: 13758: 13757:Philosophical 13755: 13753: 13750: 13746: 13743: 13742: 13741: 13738: 13737: 13736: 13735:Individualist 13733: 13731: 13729: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13716: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13689: 13686: 13684: 13681: 13679: 13678:Animal rights 13676: 13672: 13670: 13666: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13547:Individualism 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13533: 13530: 13528: 13527:Direct action 13525: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13445: 13443: 13440: 13439: 13435: 13433: 13429: 13425: 13418: 13413: 13411: 13406: 13404: 13399: 13398: 13395: 13383: 13378: 13373: 13371: 13361: 13360: 13357: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13345:War communism 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13314: 13311: 13310: 13309: 13306: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13292: 13289: 13287: 13284: 13283: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13269: 13267: 13264: 13262: 13259: 13257: 13254: 13252: 13249: 13247: 13244: 13242: 13239: 13238: 13236: 13232: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13207: 13205: 13201: 13194: 13190: 13187: 13183: 13181: 13178: 13176: 13173: 13171: 13168: 13167: 13165: 13163: 13159: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13111: 13108: 13107: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13087: 13085: 13081: 13075: 13072: 13070: 13069:Moufawad-Paul 13067: 13065: 13062: 13060: 13057: 13055: 13052: 13050: 13047: 13045: 13042: 13040: 13037: 13035: 13032: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13022: 13020: 13017: 13015: 13012: 13010: 13007: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12997: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12985: 12982: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12877: 12875: 12872: 12870: 12867: 12865: 12862: 12860: 12857: 12855: 12852: 12850: 12847: 12845: 12842: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12822: 12820: 12817: 12815: 12812: 12810: 12807: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12787: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12735: 12732: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12712: 12711: 12709: 12707: 12703: 12697: 12694: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12677: 12674: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12658: 12656: 12654:Organisations 12652: 12646: 12643: 12641: 12638: 12636: 12633: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12622: 12620: 12618: 12614: 12606: 12603: 12602: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12589: 12586: 12585: 12584: 12581: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12568: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12559: 12558: 12556: 12554: 12550: 12544: 12541: 12539: 12536: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12521: 12519: 12516: 12515: 12513: 12509: 12503: 12500: 12498: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12389: 12387: 12383: 12379: 12372: 12367: 12365: 12360: 12358: 12353: 12352: 12349: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12325: 12315: 12313: 12308: 12303: 12301: 12300: 12291: 12289: 12288: 12279: 12278: 12275: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12259: 12256: 12254: 12251: 12249: 12246: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12230: 12228: 12224: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12209: 12207: 12205: 12204:Organizations 12201: 12191: 12188: 12186: 12183: 12181: 12178: 12176: 12175:Lula da Silva 12173: 12171: 12168: 12166: 12163: 12161: 12158: 12156: 12153: 12151: 12148: 12146: 12143: 12142: 12140: 12133: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12084: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12044: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12016:Fred Paterson 12014: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12006:George Orwell 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11977: 11976:Salama Moussa 11974: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11951:Nestor Makhno 11949: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11932: 11931:György Lukács 11929: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11921:Claude Lefort 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11879: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11856:Eric Hobsbawm 11854: 11852: 11851:Safdar Hashmi 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11817: 11814: 11812: 11809: 11807: 11804: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11786:Jeremy Corbyn 11784: 11782: 11781:G. D. H. Cole 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11701:Deng Xiaoping 11699: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11663: 11661: 11654: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11637:Josiah Warren 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11617:Pyotr Tkachev 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11550: 11548: 11545: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11527:Louise Michel 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11507:Pierre Leroux 11505: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11487:Paul Lafargue 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11463: 11460: 11458: 11455: 11453: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11387:Étienne Cabet 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11372:Georg Büchner 11370: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11337:Enrico Barone 11335: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11319: 11317: 11310: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11280: 11278: 11271: 11265: 11262: 11260: 11257: 11256: 11254: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11238: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11123: 11121: 11117: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11105:Welfare state 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11073: 11071: 11068: 11066: 11063: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11040:Nanosocialism 11038: 11036: 11033: 11031: 11030:Mixed economy 11028: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11005: 11001: 10999: 10998:Impossibilism 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10979: 10976: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10968:Equal liberty 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10915: 10913: 10907: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10871: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10842: 10838: 10837:Eurocommunism 10835: 10834: 10833: 10830: 10824: 10821: 10820: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10810: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10785: 10783: 10779: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10752: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10742: 10740: 10738: 10734: 10726: 10723: 10722: 10721: 10718: 10714: 10711: 10705: 10704:Neo-Stalinism 10702: 10701: 10700: 10697: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10664: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10657:Khrushchevism 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10647: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10607: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10597: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10584: 10581: 10580: 10579: 10576: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10565: 10564:Authoritarian 10561: 10555: 10552: 10548: 10545: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10532: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10514: 10511: 10510: 10509: 10506: 10505: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10451:Individualist 10449: 10447: 10444: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10431: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10416: 10415: 10412: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10401: 10397: 10387: 10384: 10383: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10363: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10346:Revolutionary 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10306: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10262: 10256: 10252: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10230: 10225: 10223: 10218: 10216: 10211: 10210: 10207: 10195: 10194: 10190: 10188: 10187: 10183: 10182: 10179: 10173: 10170: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10117: 10116: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10100: 10099: 10095: 10094: 10093: 10092: 10088: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10075: 10074: 10073: 10069: 10065: 10061: 10057: 10053: 10050: 10049: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10039: 10037: 10035: 10031: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9999: 9998: 9997:United States 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9964: 9962: 9956: 9948: 9945: 9944: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9882: 9881:Force majeure 9878: 9876: 9873: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9855: 9854: 9851: 9847: 9844: 9843: 9842: 9839: 9834: 9832: 9831: 9827: 9826: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9803: 9802:Value of life 9800: 9798: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9765: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9755: 9753: 9751: 9746: 9740: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9664:Interest rate 9662: 9658: 9655: 9654: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9612: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9580: 9579: 9576: 9575: 9573: 9569: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9532:Inland marine 9530: 9528: 9527:GAP insurance 9525: 9523: 9520: 9519: 9517: 9515:Communication 9511: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9446: 9444: 9440: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9365: 9363: 9359: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9337:Unitised fund 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9327:Mortgage life 9325: 9323: 9320: 9319: 9317: 9315: 9311: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9274: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9254: 9252: 9250: 9246: 9243: 9237: 9233: 9226: 9221: 9219: 9214: 9212: 9207: 9206: 9203: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9182: 9179: 9165: 9162: 9159: 9156: 9153: 9150: 9147: 9144: 9143: 9141: 9137: 9131: 9130:United States 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9112: 9110: 9106: 9100: 9099:Beatrice Webb 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9059:G. D. H. Cole 9057: 9056: 9054: 9052:Key theorists 9050: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8985: 8983: 8978:Political and 8975: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8960: 8958: 8954: 8950: 8943: 8939: 8925: 8924: 8920: 8918: 8917: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8902: 8900: 8896: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8864: 8861: 8860: 8859: 8856: 8855: 8853: 8849: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8834: 8832: 8828: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8794: 8790: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8773:Reforestation 8771: 8769: 8766: 8765: 8763: 8761: 8757: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8740: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8720: 8718: 8716: 8712: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8687: 8685: 8683: 8679: 8676: 8672: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8644: 8640: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8623: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8600: 8597: 8595:By governance 8593: 8589: 8585:Organizations 8582: 8578: 8574: 8570: 8563: 8558: 8556: 8551: 8549: 8544: 8543: 8540: 8534: 8531: 8528: 8527: 8522: 8519: 8518: 8508: 8504: 8501: 8500: 8496: 8493: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8481: 8478: 8477: 8473: 8470: 8469: 8465: 8462: 8458: 8455: 8454: 8449: 8446: 8442: 8439: 8438: 8433: 8430: 8427: 8423: 8420: 8419: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8407: 8401: 8399: 8395: 8392: 8388: 8386:, Z Magazine. 8385: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8372: 8369: 8366: 8362: 8359: 8356: 8353: 8352: 8347: 8344: 8341: 8340: 8335: 8334:Gide, Charles 8332: 8329: 8325: 8322: 8318: 8315: 8314: 8309: 8306: 8303: 8300:Curl, John. " 8299: 8296: 8292: 8290: 8289: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8275: 8272: 8269: 8266: 8263: 8259: 8246: 8230: 8226: 8221: 8217: 8204: 8193: 8186: 8181: 8178: 8177: 8172: 8171:Peter Marcuse 8168: 8164: 8161: 8158: 8155: 8154: 8149: 8145: 8142: 8139: 8138: 8125: 8121: 8118: 8113: 8097: 8093: 8089: 8083: 8077: 8076:9780979277207 8073: 8069: 8063: 8057: 8056:9781878067234 8053: 8049: 8043: 8036: 8032: 8028: 8022: 8015: 8011: 8008: 8002: 7995: 7991: 7988: 7982: 7980: 7963: 7959: 7955: 7949: 7941: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7923: 7919: 7912: 7910: 7908: 7906: 7890: 7886: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7868: 7866: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7841: 7837: 7833: 7829: 7822: 7816: 7814: 7812: 7810: 7808: 7806: 7804: 7802: 7800: 7798: 7796: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7756: 7749: 7743: 7741: 7732: 7726: 7707: 7700: 7694: 7686: 7680: 7661: 7654: 7648: 7632: 7628: 7622: 7606: 7602: 7598: 7592: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7561: 7545: 7541: 7537: 7531: 7512: 7508: 7502: 7498: 7491: 7485: 7477: 7471: 7452: 7445: 7439: 7431: 7427: 7420: 7405: 7401: 7400:"APA PsycNet" 7395: 7386: 7384: 7368: 7364: 7360: 7356: 7349: 7333: 7329: 7322: 7306: 7302: 7296: 7280: 7276: 7269: 7267: 7257: 7249: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7202: 7200: 7191: 7185: 7181: 7180: 7172: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7115: 7113: 7111: 7109: 7100: 7094: 7080: 7074: 7070: 7066: 7063:, Routledge, 7062: 7058: 7051: 7035: 7031: 7025: 7015: 7013: 7011: 7009: 7007: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6970: 6966: 6959: 6957: 6940: 6936: 6930: 6928: 6926: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6907: 6903: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6887: 6883: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6870: 6868: 6866: 6849: 6845: 6839: 6837: 6835: 6819: 6815: 6809: 6794: 6790: 6784: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6762: 6758: 6752: 6750: 6748: 6739: 6735: 6729: 6720: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6690: 6674: 6670: 6664: 6656: 6650: 6631: 6624: 6618: 6611: 6605: 6598: 6592: 6576: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6553:(in German). 6552: 6548: 6541: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6502:(in German). 6501: 6497: 6490: 6483: 6477: 6469: 6463: 6456: 6452: 6449:. Routledge. 6448: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6421: 6417: 6411: 6395: 6391: 6385: 6369: 6365: 6359: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6329: 6322: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6310: 6304: 6297: 6290: 6283: 6282: 6275: 6267: 6261: 6254: 6247: 6246: 6239: 6232: 6228: 6222: 6218: 6217: 6209: 6202: 6200: 6194: 6192:951-0-29148-X 6188: 6184: 6177: 6169: 6168: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6139: 6135: 6129: 6119: 6115: 6112: 6107: 6100: 6096: 6093: 6087: 6081: 6077: 6074: 6068: 6066: 6057: 6056: 6051: 6045: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6015: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5993: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5963: 5947: 5943: 5942:Coop Identity 5939: 5938:"Coop Marque" 5933: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5911: 5903: 5896: 5888: 5881: 5873: 5866: 5859: 5853: 5846: 5840: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5810: 5794: 5790: 5784: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5754: 5752: 5744: 5740: 5737: 5732: 5725: 5721: 5718: 5713: 5706: 5700: 5694: 5693:0-586-03832-9 5690: 5684: 5675: 5669: 5665: 5662: 5656: 5650: 5646: 5643: 5637: 5621: 5617: 5611: 5595: 5591: 5585: 5576: 5568: 5564: 5558: 5551: 5550: 5545: 5541: 5538: 5532: 5516: 5512: 5506: 5499: 5493: 5477: 5473: 5466: 5455: 5448: 5442: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5420: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5389: 5370: 5366: 5359: 5353: 5351: 5334: 5330: 5329: 5324: 5317: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5287: 5280: 5268: 5264: 5258: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5227: 5212: 5208: 5202: 5194: 5190: 5189: 5184: 5178: 5174: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4967: 4964: 4963: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4948: 4942: 4937: 4934: 4928: 4923: 4920: 4914: 4909: 4902: 4900: 4899: 4894: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4880: 4876: 4873:is a popular 4872: 4868: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4854:in New York. 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4836: 4829: 4826: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4818: 4817: 4812: 4808: 4803: 4789: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4769: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4743: 4739: 4738:pick-up lines 4735: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4699: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4680: 4675: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4630:, democracy, 4629: 4618: 4615: 4607: 4597: 4593: 4587: 4586: 4581:This section 4579: 4575: 4570: 4569: 4565: 4555: 4551: 4548: 4543: 4541: 4540:mental health 4537: 4529: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4519: 4518: 4512: 4509: 4506: 4503: 4502: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4470: 4466: 4457: 4448: 4440: 4438: 4434: 4424: 4419: 4409: 4401: 4396: 4386: 4377: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4345: 4336: 4328: 4326: 4322: 4316: 4306: 4298: 4296: 4290: 4280: 4272: 4263: 4258: 4248: 4245: 4241: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4193: 4191: 4185: 4175: 4173: 4164: 4155: 4146: 4141:Gross profits 4133: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4116: 4113: 4110: 4106: 4101: 4091: 4089: 4085: 4082:According to 4075: 4072: 4063: 4058: 4048: 4046: 4045:Credit unions 4040: 4025: 4021: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4006: 3997: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3974: 3973: 3967: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3918: 3915: 3914: 3907: 3897: 3892: 3890: 3885:This section 3883: 3874: 3873: 3865: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3842:shell company 3838: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3823: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3793: 3792: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3759: 3757: 3752: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3726: 3719: 3709: 3704: 3702: 3697:This section 3695: 3686: 3685: 3677: 3674: 3669: 3665: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3642: 3632: 3623: 3621: 3615: 3612: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3572: 3568: 3563: 3554: 3552: 3549:According to 3547: 3545: 3542:According to 3540: 3537: 3532: 3530: 3526: 3516: 3514: 3513:Jeremy Corbyn 3509: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3457: 3455: 3451: 3439: 3434: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3419: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3350: 3348: 3341: 3326: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3313:, pasta from 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3283: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3269: 3268: 3261: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3247: 3243: 3240: 3236: 3233: 3229: 3226: 3222: 3221: 3220: 3217: 3216: 3212: 3203: 3199: 3197: 3184: 3180: 3177: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3163: 3162: 3158: 3156: 3151: 3144: 3134: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3073: 3069: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2992: 2990: 2981: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2969:A. K. Gopalan 2966: 2960: 2957: 2953: 2942: 2939: 2931: 2928:February 2024 2920: 2917: 2913: 2910: 2906: 2903: 2899: 2896: 2892: 2889: – 2888: 2887:"Cooperative" 2884: 2883:Find sources: 2877: 2873: 2867: 2866: 2861:This article 2859: 2855: 2850: 2849: 2845: 2835: 2834:of Scotland. 2833: 2829: 2823: 2822:individuals. 2814: 2811: 2809: 2808:credit unions 2805: 2801: 2796: 2794: 2789: 2786: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2769: 2768:United States 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2740: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2725:Credit unions 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2702: 2698: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2678: 2677: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2649: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2626: 2622: 2617: 2610: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2585: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2565: 2561: 2551: 2542: 2537: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2496: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2402: 2397: 2388: 2386: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2369:credit unions 2367: 2363: 2354: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2323: 2322: 2320: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2270: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2233:received the 2232: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2204: 2201: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2180: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2164: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2137: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2014:In 1761, the 2009: 2005: 2001: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1865: 1863: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1746: 1741: 1739: 1734: 1732: 1727: 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1331:Configuration 1329: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1315: 1312: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1263: 1262: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1145: 1144: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1086:Mixed economy 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1050: 1049: 1042: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 992: 989: 984: 983: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 937: 934: 933:Corporate law 929: 928: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 897: 894: 889: 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338: 336: 330: 328: 322: 320: 314: 313: 312: 311: 305: 304: 299: 293: 291: 287: 283: 281: 277: 273: 271: 267: 263: 261: 256: 252: 251: 250: 249: 246: 243: 242: 237: 230: 229: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 186: 185: 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 151: 145: 144: 135: 132: 130: 127: 126: 125: 121: 119: 116: 114: 113:United States 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 79: 76: 74: 71: 70: 64: 63: 59: 55: 54: 51: 50:Corporate law 48: 47: 43: 39: 38: 33: 26: 22: 15324:Cooperatives 15274: 15267: 15253: 15166:Anti-statism 15156:Anti-fascism 15061:South Africa 14561:Pi i Margall 14258: 14107: 14068:Anarcho-punk 14055: 14030:Wage slavery 13995:Gift economy 13892:Postcolonial 13874:Contemporary 13827:Independence 13774:Collectivist 13693:Love and sex 13522:Deep ecology 13457:Anationalism 13256:Anti-fascism 13142:Soviet Union 12523:Gift economy 12482:Wage slavery 12297: 12285: 12116:Clara Zetkin 12096:Leon Trotsky 12091:Ernst Toller 12081:R. H. Tawney 12021:Karl Polanyi 11901:James Larkin 11771:Noam Chomsky 11497:Pyotr Lavrov 11477:Karl Kautsky 11472:Mother Jones 11452:Charles Hall 11442:Emma Goldman 11412:Claire Démar 11342:August Bebel 11150: 11136:Basic income 10644: 10520:Luxemburgism 10471:Neozapatismo 10419:Collectivist 10269:21st century 10191: 10184: 10130:Credit union 10119: 10096: 10089: 10070: 9942:Underwriting 9897:Insurability 9879: 9858:Co-insurance 9828: 9824:Cancellation 9615:Catastrophic 9600:Climate risk 9428:Trade credit 9074:William King 9064:Charles Gide 8998:Distributism 8921: 8914: 8760:Agricultural 8690:Credit union 8569:Cooperatives 8568: 8524: 8498: 8491: 8475: 8467: 8452: 8444: 8436: 8417: 8405: 8375: 8364: 8350: 8338: 8312: 8301: 8294: 8287: 8245:cite journal 8233:. Retrieved 8229:the original 8203:cite journal 8192:the original 8174: 8151: 8134:Bibliography 8112: 8100:. Retrieved 8091: 8082: 8067: 8066:Madeson, F. 8062: 8047: 8042: 8026: 8025:Follett, K. 8021: 8001: 7966:. Retrieved 7962:the original 7957: 7948: 7921: 7892:. Retrieved 7888: 7831: 7821: 7762:. Retrieved 7713:. Retrieved 7706:the original 7693: 7667:. Retrieved 7647: 7635:. Retrieved 7621: 7609:. Retrieved 7600: 7591: 7579:. Retrieved 7570: 7560: 7548:. Retrieved 7540:www.geo.coop 7539: 7530: 7518:. Retrieved 7484: 7458:. Retrieved 7438: 7429: 7419: 7407:. Retrieved 7403: 7394: 7370:. Retrieved 7358: 7348: 7336:. Retrieved 7334:(in Spanish) 7331: 7321: 7309:. Retrieved 7304: 7295: 7283:. Retrieved 7281:(in Catalan) 7278: 7256: 7211: 7179:On Democracy 7178: 7171: 7128: 7124: 7082:, retrieved 7060: 7050: 7038:. Retrieved 7034:Co-opLaw.org 7033: 7024: 6972: 6968: 6943:. Retrieved 6938: 6889: 6885: 6852:. Retrieved 6847: 6821:. Retrieved 6817: 6808: 6796:. Retrieved 6792: 6764:. Retrieved 6760: 6738:the original 6728: 6719: 6707:. Retrieved 6698: 6689: 6677:. Retrieved 6673:the original 6663: 6637:. Retrieved 6617: 6612:(Roma, 2011) 6609: 6604: 6596: 6591: 6579:. 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Retrieved 5210: 5201: 5193:the original 5186: 5177: 5083:Microfinance 5068:Los Horcones 5018:Distributism 4896: 4890: 4883: 4870: 4869: 4862: 4856: 4847: 4839: 4837: 4833: 4820: 4814: 4804: 4801: 4783: 4779:adding to it 4774: 4721: 4677:Some of the 4676: 4671: 4667:gender norms 4664: 4625: 4610: 4601: 4590:Please help 4585:verification 4582: 4552: 4544: 4535: 4533: 4516: 4499: 4478: 4476: 4467: 4463: 4454: 4446: 4430: 4421: 4407: 4398: 4383: 4354:equity funds 4351: 4342: 4334: 4321:stock market 4318: 4304: 4301:Social bonds 4292: 4289:Crowdlending 4283:Crowdlending 4278: 4269: 4260: 4237: 4209: 4205: 4202:Crowdfunding 4196:Crowdfunding 4187: 4170: 4161: 4152: 4144: 4131: 4128:Social loans 4114: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4081: 4073: 4069: 4060: 4042: 4022: 4007: 4003: 3970: 3969: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3901: 3894:Please help 3886: 3862: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3818: 3790: 3760: 3753: 3749: 3713: 3706:Please help 3698: 3670: 3666: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3629: 3616: 3613: 3609: 3597: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3564: 3560: 3548: 3541: 3533: 3522: 3510: 3498:Labour Party 3483: 3463: 3446: 3415: 3400:sweat equity 3356: 3343: 3290: 3289: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3265: 3259: 3252: 3246:Sympathisers 3245: 3238: 3231: 3224: 3218: 3214: 3213: 3209: 3200: 3195: 3193: 3159: 3146: 3132: 3118: 3112: 3109: 3090: 3076: 3064: 3033: 3028: 3024: 3023: 3015:ACE Hardware 3011:Best Western 3008: 3004: 2988: 2987: 2973:Slaney's Act 2961: 2949: 2934: 2925: 2915: 2908: 2901: 2894: 2882: 2870:Please help 2865:verification 2862: 2824: 2820: 2812: 2797: 2792: 2790: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2751: 2741: 2723: 2701:Credit union 2685: 2681: 2673: 2651: 2631: 2618: 2614: 2608: 2605:Group equity 2604: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2567: 2548: 2539: 2513: 2468: 2464: 2462: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2409:legal entity 2406: 2381: 2360:Since 2002, 2359: 2316: 2273: 2266: 2247: 2228: 2205: 2197: 2176: 2165: 2160: 2157:Ľudovít Štúr 2153:Credit union 2148: 2144: 2142: 2114:savings bank 2097:to create a 2077: 2072: 2069:William King 2013: 1985: 1966: 1927:Credit union 1866: 1859: 1840: 1829: 1768: 1764: 1761:co-operative 1760: 1756: 1754: 1570:Architecture 1564:Organization 1530:Supply chain 1356:Earned value 1229:Stock market 1106:Open economy 1096:Econometrics 844: 835:Conglomerate 741: 645: 608: 566: 551: 541: 531: 521: 512:Aksjeselskap 511: 502:Aktieselskab 501: 491: 481: 470: 357:by guarantee 285: 275: 265: 254: 163: 159:Conglomerate 103:South Africa 15076:Switzerland 15036:Puerto Rico 15021:Philippines 14986:New Zealand 14981:Netherlands 14851:El Salvador 14686:Periodicals 14249:Tragic Week 14120:Lifestylism 14015:Mutual bank 13971:Cooperative 13937:Platformism 13887:Free-market 13815:Primitivist 13698:Nationalism 13627:Somatherapy 13537:Freethought 13340:Trade union 13298:LGBT rights 13132:Philippines 12583:Pre-Marxist 12576:Libertarian 12180:Evo Morales 12170:Kim Jong Un 12150:Hugo Chávez 12121:Howard Zinn 12111:Cornel West 12106:H. 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Wells 12076:Sun Yat-sen 11911:Jack Layton 11886:Kim Jong-il 11841:Maxim Gorky 11791:Marcel Déat 11706:Jiang Zemin 11647:Oscar Wilde 11587:George Sand 11542:Robert Owen 11467:Jean Jaurès 11357:Louis Blanc 11264:Thomas More 11226:Technocracy 11100:Trade union 11070:Revisionism 11020:Land reform 10891:Third World 10818:Nationalist 10610:Brezhnevism 10583:Nechayevism 10525:Mao-Spontex 10491:Syndicalist 10481:Communalism 10476:Platformism 10429:Free-market 10400:Libertarian 10386:Technocracy 10336:Nationalist 10314:Syndicalism 10165:Trade union 10120:Cooperative 9793:Uncertainty 9652:Index-based 9620:Multi-peril 9578:Reinsurance 9537:Public auto 9442:Residential 9079:Robert Owen 8743:egalitarian 8046:Wilson, B. 7669:29 November 7637:29 November 7611:29 November 7601:www.sba.gov 7581:29 November 7520:29 November 7231:10550/90859 6761:www.uk.coop 6709:22 February 6679:25 December 6348:29 November 6199:osuuspääoma 6034:23 February 6002:Coop Marque 5982:23 February 5952:23 February 5829:20 December 5799:20 December 5773:16 December 5567:archive.org 5409:29 November 5152:Syndicalism 5087:microcredit 4998:Corporatism 4811:World War I 4807:Ken Follett 4742:sexist joke 4679:patriarchal 4358:mutual fund 4222:factory in 4216:Insorgiamo! 3822:syndicalism 3673:Robert Dahl 3658:Mark Kaswan 3529:labor force 3506:food retail 3502:Plaid Cymru 3488:formed the 3429:, with the 3376:social club 3323:goat's milk 3315:durum wheat 3194:The SCIC – 3057:in Israel. 3043:Ocean Spray 2800:Scandinavia 2718:Robert Owen 2520:agriculture 2099:cooperative 2041:Robert Owen 2008:Robert Owen 1963:Trade union 1781:collectives 1757:cooperative 1685:Trade route 1600:Engineering 1595:Development 1447:Performance 1390:development 1351:Distributed 1224:Liquidation 865:Partnership 850:Corporation 845:Cooperative 647:Ultra vires 367:proprietary 184:Partnership 179:Joint-stock 169:Corporation 164:Cooperative 15313:Categories 15196:Dual Power 15181:Autonomism 15176:Autarchism 14836:East Timor 14806:Costa Rica 14751:Bangladesh 14746:Azerbaijan 14456:Feyerabend 14093:Freeganism 13745:Illegalist 13683:Capitalism 13622:Sociocracy 13592:Revolution 13557:Mutual aid 13487:Black bloc 12949:Berlinguer 12839:Khrushchev 12287:Categories 12190:Xi Jinping 12126:J. Posadas 11806:John Dewey 11796:Guy Debord 11716:Jyoti Basu 11597:Eugène Sue 10911:and issues 10909:Key topics 10886:Sri Lankan 10859:Melanesian 10854:Indonesian 10803:Bolivarian 10725:Lassallism 10713:Tkachevism 10595:Bolshevism 10569:from above 10554:Third camp 10530:Trotskyism 10405:from below 10371:Icarianism 10366:Fourierism 10351:Scientific 10284:Democratic 10259:Schools of 9960:by country 9958:Insurance 9932:Total loss 9853:Deductible 9814:Cash value 9758:Act of God 9743:Insurance 9657:Parametric 9637:Expatriate 9513:Transport/ 9479:Landlords' 9464:Earthquake 9352:Whole life 9272:Disability 8783:Wheat pool 8778:Winemaking 8674:By product 8643:Federation 8628:Purchasing 8363:Paton, R. 8235:17 January 8102:16 January 7495:(Report). 6844:"Criteris" 6699:ucpccu.org 6426:25 October 6400:25 October 6374:25 October 6338:www.pty.fi 5600:16 October 5521:30 January 5472:"About Us" 5378:11 January 5363:(Report). 5339:27 January 5328:The Nation 5273:16 January 5169:References 5097:Mutual aid 5072:Walden Two 4875:board game 4850:is set in 4640:solidarity 4416:See also: 4393:See also: 4313:See also: 4287:See also: 4255:See also: 4200:See also: 4182:See also: 4098:See also: 3977:resilience 3964:See also: 3904:April 2024 3716:April 2024 3660:describes 3639:See also: 3436:See also: 3360:collective 3267:Governance 3260:Supporters 3082:harvesting 2898:newspapers 2714:Manchester 2508:Raiffeisen 2484:Co-op City 2430:purchasing 2295:of global 2239:AIV silage 2216:Raiffeisen 2093:founded a 2053:David Dale 2049:New Lanark 2028:discounted 1909:See also: 1817:investors. 1777:enterprise 1773:autonomous 1552:Technology 1434:Operations 1314:Commercial 1307:innovation 1297:Capability 1189:Derivative 778:Accounting 704:Law portal 552:Osakeyhtiö 471:Aktiebolag 420:Series LLC 15236:Socialism 15186:Communism 15121:Venezuela 15056:Singapore 14991:Nicaragua 14916:Indonesia 14896:Hong Kong 14891:Guatemala 14736:Australia 14726:Argentina 14697:By region 14681:Musicians 14586:Santillán 14536:Malatesta 14506:Kropotkin 14486:Guillaume 14164:Symbolism 14078:DIY ethic 13957:Economics 13902:Post-left 13847:Christian 13842:Religious 13779:Communist 13764:Mutualist 13728:Classical 13688:Education 13637:Squatting 13597:Rewilding 13532:Free love 13424:Anarchism 13320:Red Scare 13203:Criticism 13083:By region 13064:Hatherley 12894:Althusser 12829:Togliatti 12779:Kollontai 12774:Luxemburg 12759:Pannekoek 12754:Malatesta 12749:Kropotkin 12605:Christian 12600:Religious 12595:Primitive 12561:Anarchist 12543:Use value 12511:Economics 12378:Communism 12238:Communism 12233:Anarchism 12160:Hu Jintao 11986:Imre Nagy 11776:M. 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Roy 11736:Léon Blum 11731:Tony Benn 11666:Tariq Ali 11522:Karl Marx 11126:Adhocracy 11065:Reformism 10953:Democracy 10823:Chiangist 10813:Communist 10760:communism 10755:anarchism 10750:Christian 10737:Religious 10699:Stalinism 10625:Guevarism 10615:Castroism 10590:Blanquism 10466:Mutualism 10424:Communist 10414:Anarchism 10341:Reformist 10309:Labourism 10279:Communist 10237:Socialism 10106:Syndicate 10072:Collegium 9967:Australia 9922:Risk pool 9892:Indemnity 9863:Copayment 9797:Knightian 9709:Terrorism 9679:Liability 9547:Satellite 9408:Pollution 9332:Term life 9241:insurance 9239:Types of 9232:Insurance 9108:By region 9033:Socialism 9013:Mutualism 8870:Recycling 8830:Insurance 8821:Broadband 8816:Telephone 8728:Cohousing 8489:Zvi Galor 7940:1481-9384 7856:257010940 7848:1556-5068 7367:1134-6582 7248:244881436 7240:0213-8093 7163:154552606 7155:1946-3138 6997:252503792 6989:0003-6846 6906:0147-5967 6848:Pam a Pam 6639:2 October 6520:201699198 6260:cite book 5819:www.op.fi 5482:14 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