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per share, versus 63 cents for the previous year's quarter. This was "just a decline in earnings of about 19 percent", not an actual loss or a corporate scandal, and "yet the stock was crushed, plummeting from $ 90 to $ 53". It would take two more years before it was clear that the conglomerate fad was on its way out. The stock market eventually figured out that the conglomerates' bloated and inefficient businesses were as cyclical as any others—indeed, it was that cyclical nature that had caused such businesses to be such undervalued acquisition targets in the first place—and their descent put "the lie to the claim that diversification allowed them to ride out a downturn." A major selloff of conglomerate shares ensued. To keep going, many conglomerates were forced to shed the new businesses they had recently purchased, and by the mid-1970s most conglomerates had been reduced to shells. The conglomerate fad was subsequently replaced by newer ideas like focusing on a company's
2124:, while many of their acquisitions were located in the country's interior. Many interior cities were devastated by repeatedly losing the headquarters of corporations to mergers, in which independent ventures were reduced to subsidiaries of conglomerates based in New York or Los Angeles. Pittsburgh, for example, lost about a dozen. The terror instilled by the mere prospect of such harsh consequences for executives and their home cities meant that fending off takeovers, real or imagined, was a constant distraction for executives at all corporations seen as choice acquisition targets during this era.
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previous price-earnings ratio, and then it could repeat the whole process with a new target. In plain
English, conglomerates were using rapid acquisitions to create the illusion of rapid growth. In 1968, the peak year of the conglomerate fad, U.S. corporations completed a record number of mergers: approximately 4,500. In that year, at least 26 of the country's 500 largest corporations were acquired, of which 12 had assets above $ 250 million.
31:
1784:
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148:
2552:, Challenge Corporation, and Tasman Pulp & Paper, in an attempt to create a New Zealand-based multi-national company. At the time, the newly merged company dealt in construction, building supplies, pulp and paper mills, forestry, and oil & gas. Following a series of bungled investments, the company demerged in the early 2000s to concentrate on building and construction.
2730:
by a bad year in its insurance business. This advantage is enhanced by the fact that the business cycle affects industries in different ways. Financial
Conglomerates have very different compliance requirements from insurance or reinsurance solo entities or groups. There are very important opportunities that can be exploited, to increase shareholder value.
2729:
Diversification results in a reduction of investment risk. A downturn suffered by one subsidiary, for instance, can be counterbalanced by stability, or even expansion, in another division. For example, if
Berkshire Hathaway's construction materials business has a good year, the profit might be offset
2111:
All this complex company reorganization had very real consequences for people who worked for companies that were either acquired by conglomerates or were seen as likely to be acquired by them. Acquisitions were a disorienting and demoralizing experience for executives at acquired companies—those who
2127:
The chain reaction of rapid growth through acquisitions could not last forever. When interest rates rose to offset rising inflation, conglomerate profits began to fall. The beginning of the end came in
January 1968, when Litton shocked Wall Street by announcing a quarterly profit of only 21 cents
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The relatively lax accounting standards of the time meant that accountants were often able to get away with creative mathematics in calculating the conglomerate's post-acquisition consolidated earnings numbers. In turn, the price of the conglomerate's stock would go up, thereby re-establishing its
2890:
in this one entity allowed it to gain better deals for all of its business units. For example, the promise of playlisting (allegedly, sometimes, coupled with the threat of blacklisting) on its radio stations was used to secure better deals from artists performing in events organized by the
2765:
Accounting disclosure is less useful information, many numbers are disclosed grouped, rather than separately for each business. The complexity of a conglomerate's accounts makes it harder for managers, investors, and regulators to analyze and makes it easier for management to hide
2152:
rather than manipulation of paper return on investment. Companies with this orientation would only make acquisitions or start new branches in other sectors when they believed this would increase profitability or stability by sharing risks. Flush with cash during the 1980s,
2096:(issuing the latter two would effectively dilute its shareholders down the road, but many shareholders at the time were not thinking that far ahead). The conglomerate would then add the target's earnings to its earnings, thereby increasing the conglomerate's overall
2318:, evolved. Whereas the Western model of conglomerate consists of a single corporation with multiple subsidiaries controlled by that corporation, the companies in a keiretsu are linked by interlocking shareholdings and a central role of a bank.
2925:, creating the largest media corporation, with revenue equal to roughly thirty six billion dollars. Since Walt Disney owns ABC, it controls its news and programming. Walt Disney also acquired most of Fox, for over $ 70 billion. When
2769:
Conglomerates can trade at a discount to the overall individual value of their businesses because investors can achieve diversification on their own simply by purchasing multiple stocks. The whole is often worth less than the sum of its
2446:
is a type of conglomerate owned and operated by a family. A chaebol is also inheritable, as most of the current presidents of chaebols succeeded their fathers or grandfathers. Some of the largest and most well-known Korean chaebols are
2899:, and in 2007 the company divested their television stations to other firms, some of which Clear Channel holds a small interest in. Live Nation owns the events and concert venues previously owned by Clear Channel Communications.
3106:
2233:. It followed a rather different timescale than the U.S. examples mentioned above, as it was founded in 1964 and ceased to be a conglomerate when it split itself into four separate listed companies between 1995 and 1997.
2226:, established the most powerful private economic conglomerate in 1920s Europe – Stinnes Enterprises – which embraced sectors as diverse as manufacturing, mining, shipbuilding, hotels, newspapers, and other enterprises.
2851:
included several tenuously linked businesses during the 1990s and 2000s, including
Internet access, content, film, cable systems, and television. Their diverse portfolio of assets allowed for cross-promotion and
2079:
to the target's shareholders at a princely premium to the target's current stock price. Upon obtaining shareholder approval, the conglomerate usually settled the transaction in something other than cash, like
2193:
since 1976), investors could more easily obtain diversification by owning a small slice of many companies in a fund rather than owning shares in a conglomerate. Another example of a successful conglomerate is
2962:. In most cases, Internet conglomerates consist of corporations that own several medium-sized online or hybrid online-offline projects. In many cases, newly joined corporations get higher
2244:(AD1816), (British companies, one Scottish one English; companies that have a history of over 150 years and have business interests that span across four continents with a focus in Asia.)
3822:
3711:
Google Books incorrectly indicates that this book was authored by Thomas Nelson, but the first page of this work indicates that the correct author is Andrew J. Sherman.
1975:
driven by low interest rates and leveraged buyouts. However, many of them collapsed or were broken up in the 1980s due to poor performance, accounting scandals, and
2886:
operations, together with many concert venues across the US and a diverse portfolio of assets in the UK and other countries around the world. The concentration of
3243:
2330:
are some of Japan's best-known keiretsu, reaching from automobile manufacturing to the production of electronics such as televisions. While not a keiretsu,
2008:
4152:
3773:
1814:
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697:
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if the external one is not developed enough. Through the internal market, different parts of the conglomerate allocate capital more effectively.
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found themselves at the mercy of the conglomerate's executives in some other distant city. Most conglomerates' headquarters were located on the
3791:
3664:
413:
655:
2994:
had an annual combined turnover of $ 80 bn. Although
Phillip Morris International and Kraft Foods were spun off into independent companies.
3975:
3945:
3901:
2263:(AD1816) (or Swire Pacific) Started by Liverpool natives the Swire family, which controls a wide range of businesses, including property (
3814:
1897:, which are legally independent but financially and strategically dependent on the parent company. Conglomerates are often large and
4147:
95:
610:
2958:, Google's parent company belong to the modern media conglomerate group and play a major role within various industries, such as
819:
67:
48:
4103:
4042:
4012:
2635:
1886:
1807:
883:
514:
323:
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74:
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2895:, but are a clear advantage of the conglomerate strategy. On December 21, 2005, Clear Channel completed the divestiture of
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502:
446:
405:
2922:
384:
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A conglomerate can show earnings growth, by acquiring companies whose shares are more discounted than its own. In fact,
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1511:
172:
81:
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2941:) after originally merged in 2000 with Viacom as the surviving company while also Viacom divested CBS in 2006 due to
1368:
451:
114:
3919:
3858:
Michelle C. Bligh (2006). "Surviving Post-merger 'Culture Clash': Can
Cultural Leadership Lessen the Casualties?".
3661:"Hitachi Ltd – Company Profile; Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Hitachi, Ltd"
2817:
2206:
which used surplus capital from its insurance subsidiaries to invest in businesses across a variety of industries.
2000:
1800:
1417:
528:
429:
3158:"The Decline and Fall of the Conglomerate Firm in the 1980s: The Deinstitutionalization of an Organizational Form"
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that have a global presence and a diversified portfolio of products and services. Conglomerates can be formed by
63:
2161:, which in 2005 accounted for about 45% of the company's net earnings. GE formerly owned a minority interest in
4137:
2785:
where the brand loses its brand associations with a market segment, product area, or quality, price, or cachet.
2595:
2339:
52:
2256:, (both Asian-owned companies specialize business such as real estate and hospitality with a focus in Asia.)
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1533:
1443:
1094:
354:
288:
19:
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202:
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197:
182:
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1397:
1099:
931:
770:
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494:
364:
192:
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2072:
2004:
1691:
1666:
1402:
1112:
1046:
1016:
665:
532:
207:
167:
3595:
Deep Value: Why
Activist Investors and Other Contrarians Battle for Control of Losing Corporations
3341:
Deep Value: Why
Activist Investors and Other Contrarians Battle for Control of Losing Corporations
3211:
Deep Value: Why
Activist Investors and Other Contrarians Battle for Control of Losing Corporations
88:
4054:
2906:
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2430:
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1601:
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41:
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1961:
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856:
630:
162:
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In India, family-owned enterprises became some of Asia's largest conglomerates, such as the
2365:, but there is a substantial number of private conglomerates. Notable conglomerates include
4183:
4034:
2963:
2665:
2518:
2374:
2335:
1686:
1611:
1596:
1483:
1473:
1450:
1390:
1358:
1260:
1202:
964:
861:
755:
692:
2800:) as evidential of these disadvantages, while other traders believe this tendency to be a
8:
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4132:
3721:
2801:
2623:
2615:
2422:
2222:, permitting entrepreneurs to buy businesses at rock-bottom prices. The most successful,
2101:
1768:
1751:
1736:
1586:
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1548:
1468:
1432:
1407:
1363:
1235:
1225:
1207:
1075:
1031:
946:
926:
730:
484:
456:
310:
283:
278:
268:
4189:
4069:– an example of how conglomerates were used in the 1960s to manufacture earnings growth
3875:
3187:
3025:
3015:
2857:
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2813:
2749:
2607:
2545:
2511:
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2414:
2199:
2158:
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1949:
1906:
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1606:
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1543:
1538:
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1412:
1320:
1285:
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223:
218:
187:
1979:
regulation. In contrast, conglomerates have remained prevalent in Asia, especially in
4238:
4142:
4038:
4018:
4008:
3879:
3735:
3725:
3693:
3633:
3599:
3565:
3528:
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305:
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2668:, which controls a large portion of the economic activities as well as media in the
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2938:
2926:
2918:
2887:
2745:
2534:
2418:
2278:
2264:
2237:
2154:
2093:
2071:. The trick was to look for acquisition targets with solid earnings and much lower
2047:(sometimes at temporarily deflated values). Famous examples from the 1960s include
2044:
2040:
2012:
1837:
1763:
1581:
1523:
1348:
1343:
1305:
1142:
1137:
896:
788:
775:
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4169:
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2856:. However, the company has sold or spun off many of these businesses – including
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2564:
2479:
2410:
2394:
2215:
2203:
2129:
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2033:
1972:
1953:
1925:
1890:
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1059:
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911:
891:
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715:
438:
263:
2929:
owned NBC, it did not allow negative reporting against General Electric on air (
1967:
The popularity of conglomerates has varied over time and across regions. In the
1956:, and financial synergy. However, they also face challenges such as complexity,
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2734:
2568:
2487:
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2219:
2195:
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1996:
1945:
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1275:
1270:
1197:
1192:
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1036:
1011:
986:
3244:"The Forgotten History of How 1960s Conglomerates Derailed the American Dream"
2966:, access to business contacts, and better rates on loans from various banks.
2882:, a public company, at one point owned a variety of TV and radio stations and
2177:
was also a successful conglomerate until it was dismantled in the late 2010s.
4320:
4207:
4022:
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3183:
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entertainment division. These policies have been attacked as unfair and even
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2560:
2282:
2170:
1980:
1968:
1941:
1933:
1910:
1721:
1157:
1004:
522:
489:
139:
2303:: Telecoms, Infrastructure, Ports, Health and Beauty Retail. Energy, Finance
640:
3561:
The Go-Go Years: The Drama and Crashing Finale of Wall Street's Bullish 60s
3524:
The Go-Go Years: The Drama and Crashing Finale of Wall Street's Bullish 60s
3490:
The Go-Go Years: The Drama and Crashing Finale of Wall Street's Bullish 60s
3449:
The Go-Go Years: The Drama and Crashing Finale of Wall Street's Bullish 60s
3412:
The Go-Go Years: The Drama and Crashing Finale of Wall Street's Bullish 60s
3375:
The Go-Go Years: The Drama and Crashing Finale of Wall Street's Bullish 60s
2974:
Similar to other industries many companies can be termed as conglomerates.
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Some cite the decreased cost of conglomerate stock (a phenomenon known as
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4122:
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Lack of focus, and inability to manage unrelated businesses equally well.
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2507:
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2495:
2491:
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1988:
1957:
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1295:
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921:
916:
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273:
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3156:
Davis, Gerald F.; Diekmann, Kristina A.; Tinsley, Catherine H. (1994).
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During the 1960s, the United States was caught up in a "conglomerate
1976:
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3175:
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30:
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4005:
When the Machine Stopped: A Cautionary Tale from Industrial America
3731:
The Innovator's Solution: Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth
3065:
3060:
3020:
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2556:
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2452:
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2334:
is an example of a modern Japanese conglomerate with operations in
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1021:
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2148:
In other cases, conglomerates are formed for genuine interests of
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2824:
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that operate in various industries. A conglomerate usually has a
901:
243:
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1916:
Conglomerates are common in many countries and sectors, such as
4295:
2983:
2979:
2378:
2355:
2319:
2113:
1937:
1929:
1783:
2954:
A relatively new development, Internet conglomerates, such as
2905:: The four major media conglomerates in the United States are
406:
Charitable incorporated organisation (England and Wales)
3765:"China conglomerate Fosun to scour for deals with $ 1bn fund"
2475:
2386:
1992:
1984:
1704:
866:
2933:
is now owned by Comcast). Viacom merged with CBS in 2019 as
3813:
Dearbail Jordan and Robin Pagnamenta (September 25, 2007).
2370:
2331:
2236:
In Hong Kong, some of the well-known conglomerates include
2039:
Due to a combination of low interest rates and a repeating
1870:
1864:
1846:
1843:
4063:. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. November 17, 2007.
3275:
3273:
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2606:. The other big conglomerates in the Philippines included
1858:
147:
2942:
2865:
2406:
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2029:
1971:, conglomerates became popular in the 1960s as a form of
1852:
1310:
2281:(AD1824) operates businesses in the fields of property (
3262:
2804:, which undervalues the true strength of these stocks.
3734:. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press. p. 243.
3132:"Conglomerate Boom: What It Is, How It Works, Example"
2043:, conglomerates were able to buy smaller companies in
3692:(4th ed.). New York: AMACOM Books. p. 155.
1840:
18:"Conglomeration" redirects here. For other uses, see
3714:
3155:
2023:
1873:
1867:
1855:
3598:. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. p. 106.
3344:. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. p. 102.
3214:. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. p. 107.
1861:
1849:
55:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4153:List of industry trade groups in the United States
3763:
3333:
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3329:
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2361:In China, many of the country's conglomerates are
3857:
3720:
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3482:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3441:
3439:
3404:
3402:
2586:, the largest conglomerate of the country is the
2312:In Japan, a different model of conglomerate, the
2075:than the acquirer. The conglomerate would make a
2015:and preferential policies and access to capital.
1885:that consists of several different and unrelated
4318:
3679:
3585:
2788:Conglomerates more easily run the risk of being
3324:
3198:
2776:Inertia prevents the development of innovation.
2752:have delivered high earnings growth for a time.
2645:In the United States, some of the examples are
2517:In Brazil the most important conglomerates are
2348:television and film production and distribution
3788:"Conglomerates: Cash Cows or Corporate Chaos?"
3548:
3514:
3473:
3436:
3399:
2762:The extra layers of management increase costs.
414:Scottish charitable incorporated organisation
4088:
3898:Stanford University's Entrepreneurship Center
3365:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3250:. Indianapolis: Saturday Evening Post Society
2921:. The Walt Disney Company is linked with the
2676:Advantages and disadvantages of conglomerates
2011:of all time. These conglomerates have strong
1808:
813:
1948:. This type of organization aims to achieve
3815:"BP to strip out four layers of management"
3619:
2836:between media companies designed to create
2706:into consolidated sections based on topics.
4102:
4095:
4081:
3285:
2143:
2100:. In finance jargon, the transaction was "
1815:
1801:
820:
806:
4007:, Boston: Harvard Business School Press,
3564:. New York: Allworth Press. p. 181.
3527:. New York: Allworth Press. p. 175.
3493:. New York: Allworth Press. p. 177.
3452:. New York: Allworth Press. p. 154.
3415:. New York: Allworth Press. p. 158.
3378:. New York: Allworth Press. p. 161.
2949:
1827:Large company involved in many industries
115:Learn how and when to remove this message
4148:List of food industry trade associations
4031:The Contemporary Hollywood Film Industry
4029:McDonald, Paul and Wasko, Janet (2010),
3591:
3337:
3207:
2229:The best-known British conglomerate was
3999:
3776:from the original on December 10, 2022.
3685:
3279:
3241:
2982:, which once was the parent company of
4319:
3667:from the original on February 12, 2010
3557:
3520:
3486:
3445:
3408:
3371:
3242:Gilmore, Nicholas (November 1, 2018).
3235:
2807:
2548:was formed in 1981 from the merger of
2032:" which turned out to be a form of an
515:Limited liability limited partnership
430:Industrial and provident society
4076:
3837:"Culture clash: The risks of mergers"
3632:. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 14.
3303:. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 14.
2969:
2636:Metro Pacific Investments Corporation
2429:. Fosun is currently China's largest
2169:television network and several other
612:Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung
3922:from the original on August 11, 2009
3904:from the original on August 1, 2009.
3761:
3689:Mergers and Acquisitions from A to Z
3625:
3296:
3104:
3100:
3098:
2903:Impact of conglomerates on the media
2679:
53:adding citations to reliable sources
24:
3948:from the original on March 30, 2015
3825:from the original on June 12, 2011.
3794:from the original on April 13, 2009
2923:American Broadcasting Company (ABC)
2733:A conglomerate creates an internal
2009:highest value business transactions
13:
4235:(Greater China and Southeast Asia)
3978:from the original on April 9, 2018
3847:from the original on June 2, 2009.
3082:ITT: The Management of Opportunity
2773:Culture clashes can destroy value.
2660:In Canada, one of the examples is
2218:caused a brief economic crisis in
14:
4343:
4048:
3095:
2024:The conglomerate fad of the 1960s
1789:Business and economics portal
2818:Concentration of media ownership
2756:
2684:
2209:
2018:
1836:
1782:
657:Société à responsabilité limitée
146:
29:
3993:
3960:
3934:
3908:
3886:
3851:
3829:
3806:
3780:
3755:
3653:
2664:. Another such conglomerate is
2180:
40:needs additional citations for
4138:Inter-professional association
3629:The New Reality of Wall Street
3300:The New Reality of Wall Street
3149:
3124:
2157:also moved into financing and
1:
3105:Chen, James (July 31, 2023).
3089:
2832:provides several examples of
2723:
2301:CK Hutchison Holdings Limited
2003:have gone through high value
1444:management information system
1095:Chief human resources officer
3762:Tsui, Enid (June 24, 2012).
3592:Carlisle, Tobias E. (2014).
3338:Carlisle, Tobias E. (2014).
3208:Carlisle, Tobias E. (2014).
3163:American Sociological Review
2880:Clear Channel Communications
2136:(which often translate into
2001:state-affiliated enterprises
1893:that owns and controls many
1438:Enterprise resource planning
1266:Financial statement analysis
539:Massachusetts business trust
7:
3686:Sherman, Andrew J. (2018).
3003:
2988:Philip Morris International
2559:, some of the examples are
2049:Gulf and Western Industries
2007:, resulting in some of the
726:Piercing the corporate veil
422:Community interest company
397:UK / Ireland / Commonwealth
385:Economic interest grouping
64:"Conglomerate" company
10:
4348:
2811:
2632:SM Investments Corporation
2612:Lopez Holdings Corporation
1899:multinational corporations
495:Limited liability company
17:
4283:
4262:
4223:
4168:
4110:
4067:Conglomerate Monkeyshines
3248:The Saturday Evening Post
2670:Province of New Brunswick
2433:conglomerate by revenue.
2271:), beverages (bottler of
1100:Chief information officer
932:Limited liability company
706:Internal affairs doctrine
701:and estoppel corporations
4327:Types of business entity
3894:"Innovation and Inertia"
3872:10.1177/1742715006068937
3282:, pp. 57–64, 81–86.
3076:Mergers and acquisitions
3031:Consolidation (business)
2945:regulations as the time.
2834:mergers and acquisitions
2275:), shipping and trading.
2013:ties with the government
2005:mergers and acquisitions
1113:Chief technology officer
1047:Mergers and acquisitions
1017:Constitutional documents
842:Management of a business
130:This article is part of
4128:Employers' organization
4060:Encyclopædia Britannica
3972:googleblog.blogspot.com
3942:"Conglomerate Discount"
3722:Christensen, Clayton M.
2907:The Walt Disney Company
2647:The Walt Disney Company
2600:real estate development
2363:state-owned enterprises
2144:Genuine diversification
1960:, agency problems, and
1903:merger and acquisitions
1173:Environmental economics
1153:International economics
1104:Chief marketing officer
1090:Chief financial officer
1085:Chief operating officer
1081:Chief executive officer
1042:International trade law
836:Business administration
376:Societas unius personae
238:General corporate forms
4332:Conglomerate companies
4160:Cooperative federation
4104:Business organizations
2950:Internet conglomerates
2915:Warner Bros. Discovery
2655:The Trump Organization
2651:Warner Bros. Discovery
2640:San Miguel Corporation
2541:, and Queiroz Galvão.
2287:Jardine Lloyd Thompson
2094:convertible debentures
1883:multi-industry company
1742:International business
1727:Business judgment rule
1072:Chief business officer
972:Annual general meeting
952:State-owned enterprise
942:Privately held company
688:Business judgment rule
4275:Consumer organization
3626:Coxe, Donald (2003).
3558:Brooks, John (1973).
3521:Brooks, John (1973).
3487:Brooks, John (1973).
3446:Brooks, John (1973).
3409:Brooks, John (1973).
3372:Brooks, John (1973).
3297:Coxe, Donald (2003).
3071:Multi-divisional form
3036:Conglomerate discount
3011:List of conglomerates
2964:returns on investment
2812:Further information:
2798:conglomerate discount
2519:J&F Investimentos
2250:CK Hutchison Holdings
2246:C K Hutchison Whampoa
2112:were not immediately
2073:price–earnings ratios
1418:Customer relationship
1354:Business intelligence
1316:Financial institution
1291:International finance
1241:Cash conversion cycle
1148:Development economics
1109:Chief product officer
857:Management accounting
632:Naamloze vennootschap
622:Kabushiki gaisha
439:Limited company
4035:Blackwell Publishing
3843:. January 17, 2000.
2666:J.D. Irving, Limited
2662:Hudson's Bay Company
2375:China Merchants Bank
2336:consumer electronics
2289:), trading, retail (
1954:risk diversification
1359:Business development
1203:Economic development
965:Corporate governance
862:Financial accounting
756:Beneficial ownership
693:Corporate governance
529:Delaware corporation
356:Societas cooperativa
49:improve this article
4291:Business networking
4263:Oppositional groups
4133:Chamber of commerce
3974:. August 10, 2015.
2980:Philip Morris group
2808:Media conglomerates
2802:market inefficiency
2624:MediaQuest Holdings
2616:ABS-CBN Corporation
2504:Reliance Industries
2484:Larsen & Toubro
2427:Fosun International
2423:Beijing Enterprises
2293:) and hotels (i.e.
2185:With the spread of
2175:United Technologies
1769:Business statistics
1752:International trade
1737:Business operations
1433:Electronic business
1338:Types of management
1226:Financial statement
1208:Economic statistics
1076:Chief brand officer
1032:Corporate liability
947:Sole proprietorship
927:Joint-stock company
771:Corporate registers
731:Rochdale Principles
485:Benefit corporation
311:Sole proprietorship
3726:Raynor, Michael E.
3026:Concern (business)
3016:Media conglomerate
2970:Food conglomerates
2858:Warner Music Group
2854:economies of scale
2814:Media conglomerate
2750:Berkshire Hathaway
2608:JG Summit Holdings
2604:telecommunications
2546:Fletcher Challenge
2512:Bharti Enterprises
2468:Aditya Birla Group
2415:Dalian Wanda Group
2356:telecommunications
2352:financial services
2267:), aviation (i.e.
2200:Berkshire Hathaway
2159:financial services
2098:earnings per share
1950:economies of scale
1732:Consumer behaviour
1534:Product life-cycle
1321:Capital management
1286:Managerial finance
977:Board of directors
572:Aktiengesellschaft
544:Nevada corporation
4314:
4313:
4301:Company registers
4239:Business alliance
4143:Trade association
4043:978-1-4051-3388-3
4014:978-0-87584-208-0
3968:"G is for Google"
3051:Associate company
2870:Time Warner Cable
2822:In her 1999 book
2721:
2720:
2628:TV5 Network, Inc.
2620:GMA Network, Inc.
2590:which focuses on
2588:Ayala Corporation
2550:Fletcher Holdings
2539:Andrade Gutierrez
2391:Ping An Insurance
2295:Mandarin Oriental
2165:, which owns the
2134:shareholder value
2061:Litton Industries
2053:Ling-Temco-Vought
2045:leveraged buyouts
1887:business entities
1825:
1824:
1712:Business analysis
1281:Corporate finance
1251:Capital budgeting
1188:Knowledge economy
982:Supervisory board
830:
829:
711:Limited liability
673:
672:
582:Ansvarlig selskap
469:Unlimited company
306:Shelf corporation
301:Shell corporation
289:Limited liability
125:
124:
117:
99:
4339:
4225:Business network
4170:Corporate groups
4097:
4090:
4083:
4074:
4073:
4026:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3855:
3849:
3848:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3767:
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3752:
3750:
3748:
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3710:
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3706:
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3676:
3674:
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3650:
3648:
3646:
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3583:
3582:
3580:
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3543:
3541:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
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3470:
3468:
3466:
3443:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3406:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3335:
3322:
3321:
3319:
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3294:
3283:
3277:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3205:
3196:
3195:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3102:
2960:brand management
2939:Paramount Global
2927:General Electric
2919:Paramount Global
2888:bargaining power
2716:
2713:
2707:
2697:pro and con list
2688:
2687:
2680:
2544:In New Zealand,
2535:Votorantim Group
2419:China Poly Group
2279:Jardine Matheson
2265:Swire Properties
2238:Jardine Matheson
2155:General Electric
2041:bear-bull market
1952:, market power,
1880:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1787:
1786:
1764:Business process
1306:Financial market
1143:Labour economics
1138:Public economics
897:Corporation sole
832:
831:
822:
815:
808:
776:Registered agent
721:Drag-along right
661:
646:
636:
626:
616:
606:
596:
586:
576:
566:
535:
518:
498:
442:
433:
425:
417:
409:
398:
388:
380:
370:
366:Societas privata
360:
350:
331:
330:
150:
127:
126:
120:
113:
109:
106:
100:
98:
57:
33:
25:
4347:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4279:
4258:
4219:
4164:
4106:
4101:
4051:
4015:
3996:
3991:
3981:
3979:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3951:
3949:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3856:
3852:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3811:
3807:
3797:
3795:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3770:Financial Times
3760:
3756:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3719:
3715:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3684:
3680:
3670:
3668:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3624:
3620:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3590:
3586:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3556:
3549:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3519:
3515:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3485:
3474:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3444:
3437:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3407:
3400:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3370:
3366:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3336:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3295:
3286:
3278:
3263:
3253:
3251:
3240:
3236:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3206:
3199:
3176:10.2307/2095931
3154:
3150:
3140:
3138:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3115:
3113:
3103:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3041:Holding company
3006:
2972:
2952:
2820:
2810:
2790:too big to fail
2759:
2726:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2701:
2689:
2685:
2678:
2565:Dawood Hercules
2480:Kirloskar Group
2411:Legend Holdings
2216:First World War
2214:The end of the
2212:
2204:holding company
2183:
2150:diversification
2146:
2130:core competency
2104:to earnings."
2057:ITT Corporation
2034:economic bubble
2026:
2021:
1973:economic bubble
1881:) is a type of
1839:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1781:
1774:
1773:
1717:Business ethics
1707:
1697:
1696:
1637:
1629:
1628:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1326:Venture capital
1256:Commercial bank
1246:Insider dealing
1221:
1213:
1212:
1163:Planned economy
1128:
1118:
1117:
1062:
1060:Corporate title
1052:
1051:
1027:Corporate crime
1007:
997:
996:
992:Audit committee
967:
957:
956:
912:Holding company
892:Corporate group
887:
880:Business entity
872:
871:
852:
826:
781:
780:
761:Civil procedure
751:
743:
742:
716:Tag-along right
683:
675:
674:
659:
644:
634:
624:
614:
604:
594:
584:
574:
564:
533:statutory trust
527:
516:
496:
440:
437:
431:
423:
415:
407:
396:
386:
378:
368:
358:
348:
328:
326:by jurisdiction
325:
324:Corporate forms
316:
315:
296:Private limited
264:Holding company
239:
231:
230:
212:
158:
157:By jurisdiction
121:
110:
104:
101:
58:
56:
46:
34:
23:
12:
11:
5:
4345:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4233:Bamboo network
4229:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4211:
4205:
4199:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4174:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4100:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4064:
4055:"Conglomerate"
4050:
4049:External links
4047:
4046:
4045:
4027:
4013:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3959:
3933:
3916:"Conglomerate"
3907:
3885:
3866:(4): 395–426.
3850:
3828:
3805:
3779:
3754:
3740:
3713:
3698:
3678:
3652:
3638:
3618:
3604:
3584:
3570:
3547:
3533:
3513:
3499:
3472:
3458:
3435:
3421:
3398:
3384:
3364:
3350:
3323:
3309:
3284:
3261:
3234:
3220:
3197:
3170:(4): 547–570.
3148:
3123:
3107:"Conglomerate"
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2971:
2968:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2900:
2877:
2844:between them:
2809:
2806:
2794:
2793:
2786:
2783:Brand dilution
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2738:
2735:capital market
2731:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2692:
2690:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2569:House of Habib
2531:Camargo Corrêa
2488:Mahindra Group
2344:music industry
2310:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2276:
2269:Cathay Pacific
2220:Weimar Germany
2211:
2208:
2196:Warren Buffett
2182:
2179:
2171:cable networks
2145:
2142:
2132:and unlocking
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
1997:mainland China
1946:transportation
1911:joint ventures
1891:parent company
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1749:
1747:Business model
1744:
1739:
1734:
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1699:
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1456:Human resource
1453:
1448:
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1400:
1398:Communications
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1298:
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1283:
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1276:Public finance
1273:
1271:Financial risk
1268:
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1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
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1233:
1228:
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1205:
1200:
1198:Macroeconomics
1195:
1193:Microeconomics
1190:
1185:
1183:Market economy
1180:
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1044:
1039:
1037:Insolvency law
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1012:Commercial law
1008:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
995:
994:
989:
987:Advisory board
984:
979:
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789:Company portal
783:
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503:Low-profit LLC
492:
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183:Cayman Islands
180:
175:
170:
165:
159:
156:
155:
152:
151:
143:
142:
136:
135:
123:
122:
37:
35:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4344:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4249:Joint venture
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4198:(Anglosphere)
4197:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4180:(South Korea)
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4098:
4093:
4091:
4086:
4084:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3997:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3947:
3943:
3937:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3889:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3854:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3832:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3809:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3775:
3771:
3766:
3758:
3743:
3741:9781422196571
3737:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3701:
3699:9780814439036
3695:
3691:
3690:
3682:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3641:
3639:9780071436311
3635:
3631:
3630:
3622:
3611:September 29,
3607:
3605:9781118747964
3601:
3597:
3596:
3588:
3577:September 28,
3573:
3571:9780471357551
3567:
3563:
3562:
3554:
3552:
3540:September 28,
3536:
3534:9780471357551
3530:
3526:
3525:
3517:
3506:September 28,
3502:
3500:9780471357551
3496:
3492:
3491:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3465:September 28,
3461:
3459:9780471357551
3455:
3451:
3450:
3442:
3440:
3428:September 28,
3424:
3422:9780471357551
3418:
3414:
3413:
3405:
3403:
3391:September 28,
3387:
3385:9780471357551
3381:
3377:
3376:
3368:
3357:September 29,
3353:
3351:9781118747964
3347:
3343:
3342:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3312:
3310:9780071436311
3306:
3302:
3301:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3281:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3254:September 28,
3249:
3245:
3238:
3227:September 29,
3223:
3221:9781118747964
3217:
3213:
3212:
3204:
3202:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3152:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2876:– since 2004.
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:conglomerates
2835:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2757:Disadvantages
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2715:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2693:This section
2691:
2682:
2681:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2657:(see below).
2656:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2561:Adamjee Group
2558:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2283:Hongkong Land
2280:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2210:International
2207:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2019:United States
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1969:United States
1965:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1934:manufacturing
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1833:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1722:Business plan
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1652:Communication
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1612:administrator
1610:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1494:administrator
1492:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1403:Configuration
1401:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1158:Mixed economy
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:Corporate law
1001:
1000:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
966:
961:
960:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
889:
885:
881:
876:
875:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
854:
851:
846:
845:
841:
840:
837:
834:
833:
823:
818:
816:
811:
809:
804:
803:
801:
800:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
785:
784:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
750:Related areas
747:
746:
739:
738:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
700:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
679:
678:
667:
664:
662:
658:
654:
652:
649:
647:
643:
639:
637:
633:
629:
627:
623:
619:
617:
613:
609:
607:
603:
599:
597:
593:
589:
587:
583:
579:
577:
573:
569:
567:
562:
558:
557:
556:
555:
551:
550:
545:
542:
540:
537:
534:
530:
526:
524:
523:S corporation
521:
519:
513:
511:
508:
504:
501:
500:
499:
493:
491:
490:C corporation
488:
486:
483:
482:
481:
480:
477:United States
476:
475:
470:
467:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
443:
436:
434:
428:
426:
420:
418:
412:
410:
404:
403:
402:
401:
395:
394:
389:
383:
381:
377:
373:
371:
367:
363:
361:
357:
353:
351:
346:
342:
341:
340:
339:
336:
333:
332:
327:
320:
319:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
276:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
235:
234:
225:
222:
220:
217:
216:
215:
211:
209:
206:
204:
203:United States
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
160:
154:
153:
149:
145:
144:
141:
140:Corporate law
138:
137:
133:
129:
128:
119:
116:
108:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66: –
65:
61:
60:Find sources:
54:
50:
44:
43:
38:This article
36:
32:
27:
26:
21:
16:
4196:Conglomerate
4195:
4058:
4030:
4004:
4001:Holland, Max
3994:Bibliography
3980:. Retrieved
3971:
3962:
3950:. Retrieved
3936:
3924:. Retrieved
3910:
3897:
3888:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3840:
3831:
3818:
3808:
3796:. Retrieved
3782:
3769:
3757:
3745:. Retrieved
3730:
3716:
3703:. Retrieved
3688:
3681:
3669:. Retrieved
3655:
3643:. Retrieved
3628:
3621:
3609:. Retrieved
3594:
3587:
3575:. Retrieved
3560:
3538:. Retrieved
3523:
3516:
3504:. Retrieved
3489:
3463:. Retrieved
3448:
3426:. Retrieved
3411:
3389:. Retrieved
3374:
3367:
3355:. Retrieved
3340:
3314:. Retrieved
3299:
3280:Holland 1989
3252:. Retrieved
3247:
3237:
3225:. Retrieved
3210:
3167:
3161:
3151:
3139:. Retrieved
3136:Investopedia
3135:
3126:
3116:November 23,
3114:. Retrieved
3111:Investopedia
3110:
3080:
2973:
2953:
2931:NBCUniversal
2902:
2893:monopolistic
2862:Warner Books
2837:
2823:
2821:
2795:
2709:
2704:rewriting it
2702:Please help
2694:
2659:
2644:
2581:
2577:Nishat Group
2573:Lakson Group
2554:
2543:
2516:
2465:
2441:
2435:
2431:civilian-run
2360:
2313:
2311:
2285:), finance (
2235:
2228:
2224:Hugo Stinnes
2213:
2189:(especially
2187:mutual funds
2184:
2181:Mutual funds
2163:NBCUniversal
2147:
2126:
2110:
2106:
2077:tender offer
2038:
2027:
1966:
1915:
1895:subsidiaries
1882:
1832:conglomerate
1831:
1829:
1642:Architecture
1636:Organization
1602:Supply chain
1428:Earned value
1301:Stock market
1178:Open economy
1168:Econometrics
907:Conglomerate
906:
735:
698:
656:
641:
631:
621:
611:
602:Aksjeselskap
601:
592:Aktieselskab
591:
581:
571:
560:
447:by guarantee
375:
365:
355:
344:
249:Conglomerate
248:
193:South Africa
111:
102:
92:
85:
78:
71:
59:
47:Please help
42:verification
39:
20:Conglomerate
15:
4270:Trade union
4254:Patent pool
4123:Corporation
3645:October 11,
3316:October 11,
2992:Kraft Foods
2897:Live Nation
2849:WarnerMedia
2830:Naomi Klein
2695:contains a
2584:Philippines
2508:Adani Group
2500:Essar Group
2496:ITC Limited
2492:Bajaj Group
2457:Hyundai Kia
2438:South Korea
2340:video games
2261:Swire Group
2242:Swire Group
2191:index funds
1989:South Korea
1958:bureaucracy
1757:Trade route
1672:Engineering
1667:Development
1519:Performance
1462:development
1423:Distributed
1296:Liquidation
937:Partnership
922:Corporation
917:Cooperative
737:Ultra vires
457:proprietary
274:Partnership
269:Joint-stock
259:Corporation
254:Cooperative
105:August 2017
4321:Categories
4244:Consortium
3860:Leadership
3671:August 25,
3090:References
3046:Subsidiary
2840:to create
2724:Advantages
2712:March 2017
2472:Tata Group
2324:Mitsubishi
2307:Sino Group
2291:Dairy Farm
2254:Sino Group
2240:(AD1824),
2231:Hanson plc
2122:East Coast
2118:West Coast
2082:debentures
1962:regulation
1624:Technology
1506:Operations
1386:Commercial
1379:innovation
1369:Capability
1261:Derivative
850:Accounting
794:Law portal
642:Osakeyhtiö
561:Aktiebolag
510:Series LLC
75:newspapers
4306:Syndicate
4192:(Germany)
4023:246343673
3952:March 31,
3880:146156535
3819:The Times
3184:0003-1224
2935:ViacomCBS
2884:billboard
2874:Time Inc.
2523:Odebrecht
2273:Coca-Cola
2138:spin-offs
2102:accretive
1977:antitrust
1907:spin-offs
1692:Structure
1677:Hierarchy
1597:Strategic
1484:Materials
1474:Knowledge
1451:Financial
1391:Marketing
1236:Factoring
1231:Insurance
1133:Commodity
1126:Economics
682:Doctrines
452:by shares
168:Australia
4284:See also
4214:Zaibatsu
4202:Keiretsu
4186:(Russia)
4003:(1989),
3976:Archived
3946:Archived
3920:Archived
3902:Archived
3845:Archived
3841:BBC News
3823:Archived
3792:Archived
3774:Archived
3747:June 19,
3728:(2003).
3705:June 19,
3665:Archived
3066:Zaibatsu
3061:Keiretsu
3021:Big Tech
3004:See also
2956:Alphabet
2742:Teledyne
2557:Pakistan
2510:and the
2328:Sumitomo
2315:keiretsu
2114:laid off
2090:warrants
2069:Teledyne
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