Marxism - Knowledge

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all other considerations, disqualifying Marx's theory at the starting gate. By doing so, they provide the principal justification for the suppression of this theory as well as the suppression of, and the denial of resources needed to carry out, present-day research based upon it. This greatly inhibits its further development. So does the very charge of inconsistency. What person of intellectual integrity would want to join a research program founded on (what he believes to be) a theory that is internally inconsistent and therefore false?", However, in his book, Kliman presents an interpretation where these inconsistencies can be eliminated. The connection between the inconsistency allegations and the lack of study of Marx's theories was argued further by

4854: 5299: 5107: 2482: 3074:. Under the capitalist mode of production, workers do not own the means of production and must "voluntarily" enter into an exploitative work relationship with a capitalist to earn the necessities of life. The worker's entry into such employment is voluntary because they choose which capitalist to work for. However, the worker must work or starve. Thus exploitation is inevitable, and the voluntary nature of a worker participating in a capitalist society is illusory; it is production, not circulation, that causes exploitation. Marx emphasised that capitalism 4831: 2989: 16218: 14076: 5606: 2172: 92: 3484: 4137:, especially since the turn of the 21st century, has further developed Marxist educational theory by developing revolutionary critical pedagogy, as has the work of Glenn Rikowski, Dave Hill, and Paula Allman. Other Marxists have analysed the forms and pedagogical processes of capitalist and communist education, such as Tyson E. Lewis, Noah De Lissovoy, Gregory Bourassa, and Derek R. Ford. Curry Malott has developed a Marxist history of education in the U.S., and 5224: 16181: 3401: 4530: 4377: 3138: 2418: 4682: 16230: 16206: 14088: 2196: 16193: 3876: 2471: 16389: 4602:, approach to the application of Marxism to the cultural sphere, specifically areas related to taste, such as art and beauty, among others. Marxists believe that economic and social conditions, and especially the class relations that derive from them affect every aspect of an individual's life, from religious beliefs to legal systems to cultural frameworks. Some notable Marxist aestheticians include 3092:) is the estrangement of people from their humanity and a systematic result of capitalism. Under capitalism, the fruits of production belong to employers, who expropriate the surplus created by others and generate alienated labourers. In Marx's view, alienation is an objective characterisation of the worker's situation in capitalism—his or her self-awareness of this condition is not prerequisite. 2184: 3319:, Marx used the term to describe the production of images of social reality. According to Engels, "ideology is a process accomplished by the so-called thinker consciously, it is true, but with a false consciousness. The real motive forces impelling him remain unknown to him; otherwise it simply would not be an ideological process. Hence he imagines false or seeming motive forces." 3423:, "Marx used many terms to refer to a post-capitalist society—positive humanism, socialism, Communism, realm of free individuality, free association of producers, etc. He used these terms completely interchangeably. The notion that 'socialism' and 'Communism' are distinct historical stages is alien to his work and only entered the lexicon of Marxism after his death." 5385:, who in the Greek legend fell in love with his own reflection. ... Sometimes it is necessary to devote time to clarifying and developing the concepts that we use, but indeed for Western Marxists this has become an end in itself. The result is a body of writings incomprehensible to all but a tiny minority of highly qualified scholars." 4033:. The legacy of Critical Theory as a major offshoot of Marxism is controversial. The common thread linking Marxism and Critical theory is an interest in struggles to dismantle structures of oppression, exclusion, and domination. Due to its former state-supported position, there has been a backlash against Marxist thought in 10611: 2520:

wrote: "At a certain stage of development, the material productive forces of society come into conflict with the existing relations of production or—this merely expresses the same thing in legal terms—with the property relations within the framework of which they have operated hitherto. From forms of

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if it were internally inconsistent. Internally inconsistent theories may be appealing, intuitively plausible and even obvious, and consistent with all available empirical evidence—but they cannot be right. It is necessary to reject them or correct them. Thus the alleged proofs of inconsistency trump

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explained that "the capitalist mode of appropriation, in which the product enslaves first the producer, and then the appropriator, is replaced by the mode of appropriation of the products that is based upon the nature of the modern means of production; upon the one hand, direct social appropriation,

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The German Marxists extended the theory to groups and issues Marx had barely touched. Marxian analyses of the legal system, of the social role of women, of foreign trade, of international rivalries among capitalist nations, and the role of parliamentary democracy in the transition to socialism drew

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pointed out that "Marx's theory is incomplete or ambiguous in many places, and could be 'applied' in many contradictory ways without manifestly infringing its principles." Specifically, he considers "the laws of dialectics" as fundamentally erroneous, stating that some are "truisms with no specific

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Criticism of Marxism has come from various political ideologies and academic disciplines. This includes general criticism about lack of internal consistency, criticisms related to historical materialism, that it is a type of historical determinism, the necessity of suppression of individual rights,

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is eliminated, and the motive of furthering human flourishing is introduced. Because the surplus produced by the workers is the property of the society as a whole, there are no classes of producers and appropriators. Additionally, as the state originates in the bands of retainers hired by the first

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Additionally, some intellectual critiques of Marxism contest certain assumptions prevalent in Marx's thought and Marxism after him without rejecting Marxist politics. Other contemporary supporters of Marxism argue that many aspects of Marxist thought are viable but that the corpus is incomplete or

2807:. The base and superstructure metaphor describes the totality of social relations by which humans produce and re-produce their social existence. According to Marx, the "sum total of the forces of production accessible to men determines the condition of society" and forms a society's economic base. 5850:

Marxist political economists differ over their definitions of capitalism, socialism and communism. These differences are so fundamental, the arguments among differently persuaded Marxist political economists have sometimes been as intense as their oppositions to political economies that celebrate

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Marxism taught me what society was. I was like a blindfolded man in a forest, who doesn't even know where north or south is. If you don't eventually come to truly understand the history of the class struggle, or at least have a clear idea that society is divided between the rich and the poor, and

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The discovery of the materialist conception of history, or rather, the consistent continuation and extension of materialism into the domain of social phenomenon, removed two chief defects of earlier historical theories. In the first place, they at best examined only the ideological motives of the

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is bound to lead to the conversion of the means of production into the property of society. ... This conversion will directly result in an immense increase in productivity of labour, a reduction of working hours, and the replacement of the remnants, the ruins of small-scale, primitive, disunited

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are internally inconsistent. In other words, the critics allege that Marx drew conclusions that do not follow his theoretical premises. Once these alleged errors are corrected, his conclusion that aggregate price and profit are determined by and equal to the aggregate value and surplus value no

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to the ideas of Marx. At an event celebrating the 200th anniversary of Marx's birth, Xi said, "We must win the advantages, win the initiative, and win the future. We must continuously improve the ability to use Marxism to analyse and solve practical problems", adding that Marxism is a "powerful

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during the swearing-in of his cabinet two days before his inauguration on 10 January 2007. Venezuelan Trotskyist organisations do not regard Chávez as a Trotskyist, with some describing him as a bourgeois nationalist, while others consider him an honest revolutionary leader who made significant

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published a report entitled "For a Soviet history of material culture"; within this work, the very discipline of archaeology as it then stood was criticised as being inherently bourgeois, therefore anti-socialist and so, as a part of the academic reforms instituted in the Soviet Union under the

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which Marxists see as true democracy. An economy based on cooperation on human need and social betterment, rather than competition for profit of many independently acting profit seekers, would also be the end of class society, which Marx saw as the fundamental division of all hitherto existing

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Radical left is a term that refers collectively to people who hold left-wing political views that are considered extreme, such as supporting or working to establish communism, Marxism, Maoism, socialism, anarchism, or other forms of anticapitalism. The radical left is sometimes called the far

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Critics of Marxism claim that Marx's predictions have failed, with some pointing towards the GDP per capita generally increasing in capitalist economies compared to less market-oriented economics, the capitalist economies not suffering worsening economic crises leading to the overthrow of the

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developed a theory of Marxism for the Chinese historical context. Mao found a large base of support in the peasantry as opposed to the Russian Revolution, which found its primary support in the urban centres of the Russian Empire. Some significant ideas contributed by Mao were the ideas of

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The theory of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin is universally applicable. We should regard it not as a dogma, but as a guide to action. Studying it is not merely a matter of learning terms and phrases but of learning Marxism-Leninism as the science of revolution. It is not just a matter of

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capitalist system and communist revolutions not occurring in the most advanced capitalist nations, but instead in undeveloped regions. It has also been criticised for allegedly resulting in lower living standards in relation to capitalist countries, a claim that has been disputed.

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Marxist content", others "philosophical dogmas that cannot be proved by scientific means", and some just "nonsense"; he believes that some Marxist laws can be interpreted differently, but that these interpretations still in general fall into one of the two categories of error.

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In addition to criticism, Marx has also praised some of the results of capitalism stating that it "has created more massive and more colossal productive forces than have all preceding generations together" and that it "has put an end to all feudal, patriarchal arrangements."

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as the materialist conception of history and later better known as historical materialism, to analyse the underlying causes of societal development and change from the perspective of the collective ways in which humans make their living. Marx's account of the theory is in

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Marx's value theory is a complex doctrine in which three different kinds of speculation coalesce: a philosophy aimed at proving that value is created by a labour substance; an explanation of the social relations of production in capitalism; and a method for measuring

5295:. In sum, if weakened communism is felt as a spectre in the West, it is not only because of media distortions but also for the alternative it represents through the same democratic procedures that the West constantly professes to cherish but is hesitant to apply." 3305:

Class consciousness denotes the awareness—of itself and the social world—that a social class possesses and its capacity to act rationally in its best interests. Class consciousness is required before a social class can effect a successful revolution and, thus, the

5291:, "this new weak communism differs substantially from its previous Soviet (and current Chinese) realisation, because the South American countries follow democratic electoral procedures and also manage to decentralise the state bureaucratic system through the 5585:

argue that Marx's economic theory was fundamentally flawed because it attempted to simplify the economy into a few general laws that ignored the impact of institutions on the economy. These charges have been disputed by other influential economists, like

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initially referred to the study of the material conditions of economic production in the capitalist system. In Marxism, political economy is the study of the means of production, specifically of capital and how that manifests as economic activity.

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has regarded his criticism as "definitive", arguing that Böhm-Bawerk's critique of Marx's economics was so "thorough and devastating" that he believes that as of the 1960s, no Marxian scholar had conclusively refuted it. Third-generation Austrian

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and their economists were promoting what he saw as the lie that "the interests of the capitalist and of the worker are ... one and the same." He believed that they did this by purporting the concept that "the fastest possible growth of productive

3583:—both of whom claimed to represent Marxist principles—accusing them of "revolutionary phrase-mongering" and denying the value of reformist struggle. From Marx's letter derives Marx's famous remark that, if their politics represented Marxism, ' 2957:

While historical materialism has been referred to as a materialist theory of history, Marx did not claim to have produced a master key to history and that the materialist conception of history is not "an historico-philosophic theory of the

5149:(CIA), although the CIA agent sent to search for Guevara, Felix Rodriguez, expressed a desire to keep him alive as a possible bargaining tool with the Cuban government. He posthumously went on to become an internationally recognised icon. 5084:, Maoism and official Marxism in China were reworked. This new model was a newer dynamic form of Marxism–Leninism and Maoism in China. Commonly referred to as socialism with Chinese Characteristics, this new path was centred around Deng's 9165: 5327:

ideological weapon for us to understand the world, grasp the law, seek the truth, and change the world." Xi has further stressed the importance of examining and continuing the tradition of the CPC and embracing its revolutionary past.

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as not democratic enough due to the unequal socio-economic situation of the workers during the Industrial Revolution which undermines the democratic agency of citizens. Marxists differ in their positions towards democracy. Types of

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I have no hesitation in saying that this represents a gigantic crudification and simplification of Marx's work—the kind of simplification and reductionism which once led him, in despair, to say "if that is marxism, then I am not a

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for doctrinal Marxist study and to publish official ideological and research documents for the Russian Communist Party. With Lenin's death in 1924, there was an internal struggle in the Soviet Communist movement, mainly between

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of historical materialism. Popper believed that Marxism had been initially scientific in that Marx had postulated a genuinely predictive theory. When these predictions were not borne out, Popper argues that the theory avoided

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understanding the general laws derived by Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin from their extensive study of real life and revolutionary experience, but of studying their standpoint and method in examining and solving problems.

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issues with the implementation of communism and economic issues such as the distortion or absence of price signals and reduced incentives. In addition, empirical and epistemological problems are frequently identified.

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historical activity of human beings, without grasping the objective laws governing the development of the system of social relations. ... in the second place, the earlier theories did not cover the activities of the

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by arguing that without price signals in capital goods, in his opinion, all other aspects of the market economy are irrational. This led him to declare that "rational economic activity is impossible in a socialist

5265:, these socialist governments allied themselves with Marxist–Leninist Cuba. Although none espoused a Stalinist path directly, most admitted to being significantly influenced by Marxist theory. Venezuelan president 4710:

Together with Marx, Engels co-developed communist theory. Marx and Engels first met in September 1844. Discovering that they had similar views of philosophy and socialism, they collaborated and wrote works such as

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from which they originate. According to Marxists, even literature is a social institution with a specific ideological function based on the background and ideology of the author. Marxist literary critics include

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Marx posited that the remaining feudalist societies in the world and forms of socialism that did not conform with his writings would be replaced by communism in the future in a similar manner as with capitalism.

3328:, Marx says that "he ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas, i.e. the class which is the ruling material force of society, is, at the same time, its ruling intellectual force." The term 8441: 9448: 4141:

examined the history of communist education. Sandy Grande has synthesised Marxist educational theory with Indigenous pedagogy, while others like John Holt analyse adult education from a Marxist perspective.

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of the population, whereas historical materialism made it possible for the first time to study with scientific accuracy the social conditions of the life of the masses and the changes in these conditions.

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who, having no means of production of their own, are reduced to selling their labour power in order to live." The capitalist mode of production establishes the conditions that enable the bourgeoisie to

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is a study of educational reform in the U.S. and its relationship to the reproduction of capitalism and the possibilities of utilising its contradictions in the revolutionary movement. The work of

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shows that if capitalists use cost-cutting techniques and real wages do not increase, the rate of profit must rise, which casts doubt on Marx's view that the rate of profit would tend to fall.

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Because the ruling class controls the society's means of production, the superstructure of society (i.e. the ruling social ideas) is determined by the best interests of the ruling class. In

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Bourgeoisie: those who "own the means of production" and buy labour power from the proletariat, thus exploiting the proletariat. They subdivide as bourgeoisie and the petite bourgeoisie.

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According to the Marxist theoretician and revolutionary socialist Vladimir Lenin, "the principal content of Marxism" was "Marx's economic doctrine." Marx demonstrated how the capitalist

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and reached a degree of prominence in the 1950s and 1960s. Marxist humanists contend that there is continuity between the early philosophical writings of Marx, in which he develops his

13162: 4099:, ideas that have come out of Marxian economics have contributed to mainstream understanding of the global economy. Certain concepts of Marxian economics, especially those related to 7754: 8317: 11385:

His mathematical model of the economy, which depended on the idea that labor is the source of all value, was riven with internal inconsistencies and is rarely studied these days.

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At the turn of the 21st century, China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam remained the only officially Marxist–Leninist states remaining, although a Maoist government led by

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These theoretical developments were subsequently adopted by archaeologists working in capitalist states outside of the Leninist bloc, most notably by the Australian academic

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history. Marx saw the fundamental nature of capitalist society as little different from that of a slave society in that one small group of society exploits the larger group.

10756:[Political Declaration of the JIR, as a Public Fraction of the PRS, for a real class independence (Excerpts) – Revolutionary Left Youth] (in Spanish). Archived from 5077:

and insufficiently Marxist. This ideological confrontation spilt into a broader global crisis centred around which nation was to lead the international socialist movement.

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as guaranteeing male social domination of women, a concept analogous, in communist theory, to the capitalist class's economic domination of the working class—Engels made

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argues that this undermines Marx's critiques and the correction of the alleged inconsistencies because internally inconsistent theories cannot be correct by definition.

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by adding ad hoc hypotheses that made it compatible with the facts. Because of this, Popper asserted, a theory that was initially genuinely scientific degenerated into

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and trade workers). Marxism predicts that the continual reinvention of the means of production eventually would destroy the petite bourgeoisie, degrading them from the

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newspaper. By 1849, they had to leave Cologne for London. The Prussian authorities pressured the British government to expel Marx and Engels, but Prime Minister

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in late 1991 into a series of constituent nations, all of which abandoned Marxist–Leninist models for socialism, with most converting to capitalist economies.

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I will also discuss other left-libertarians who wrote about Reich, as they bear on the general discussion of Reich's ideas...In 1944, Paul Goodman, author of

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Ford, Derek R. (October 2021). "Pedagogically Reclaiming Marx's Politics in the Postdigital Age: Social Formations and Althuserrian Pedagogical Gestures".

6778: 6666: 5871: 5591: 2857:, expressed and driven by conflicts and contradictions. Engels clarified: "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. 11625: 10871: 6112: 17344: 16358: 14767: 6464: 2791: 2313:" and "historical materialism", though these terms were coined after Marx's death and their tenets have been challenged by some self-described Marxists. 10670: 14585: 10754:"Declaración Polãtica de la JIR, como Fracción Pública del PRS, por una real independencia de clase (Extractos) – Juventud de Izquierda Revolucionaria" 7422: 2439: 2432: 10533: 10312: 20188: 17068: 17063: 10115: 7632: 18268: 17396: 12492: 10384: 8042: 6067: 5316: 5306: 1619: 7382: 7170:; Brewer, Paul; Shaw, Anthony; Chandler, Malcolm; Cheshire, Gerard; Cranfield, Ingrid; Ralph Lewis, Brenda; Sutherland, Joe; Vint, Robert (2003). 3434:

in contemporary society is inevitable. While the inevitability of an eventual socialist revolution is a controversial debate among many different

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as means to the maintenance and extension of production—on the other, direct individual appropriation, as means of subsistence and of enjoyment."

17604: 4961:, respectively. These struggles were based on both sides' different interpretations of Marxist and Leninist theory based on the situation of the 12420: 18342: 17879: 17859: 17675: 16110: 13396: 4698: 4119:

Marxist education develops Marx's works and those of the movements he influenced in various ways. In addition to the educational psychology of

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is highly contested and has been rejected by many Marxists and other socialists alike. Socialists in general and socialist writers, including

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The early 21st century also saw the election of socialist governments in several Latin American nations, in what has come to be known as the "

17462: 6879: 6670: 5553:, with scholars viewing the development of marginalism more broadly as a response to Marxist economics. Second-generation Austrian economist 113: 17541: 17320: 17290: 9091:

Bourassa, Gregory N. (June 2019). "An Autonomist Biopolitics of Education: Reproduction, Resistance, and the Specter of Constituent Bíos".

7786: 3845:, Marxist humanism reaffirms the doctrine that "man is the measure of all things"—that humans are essentially different to the rest of the 3797: 108: 8264: 12088:"Review of Ernesto Screpanti's Labour and Value: Rethinking Marx's Theory of Exploitation. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2019, 131 pp" 11548: 9414: 8311: 8085: 5137:

model of socialist development, allying with the Soviet Union. One of the leaders of the revolution, the Argentine Marxist revolutionary

3256:, economic affairs, Marx claimed that this specific sub-division of the proletariat would play no part in the eventual social revolution. 11272: 8630: 8568: 8373: 5133:. Although the revolution was not explicitly socialist, upon victory, Castro ascended to the position of prime minister and adopted the 19132: 18773: 17894: 17597: 17328: 17268: 16267: 10936: 6544: 253: 128: 10190: 10159: 8192: 7822: 7758: 7679: 6822: 4701:

and historical materialism. He is famous for analysing history in terms of class struggle, summarised in the initial line introducing

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Society does not consist of individuals, but expresses the sum of interrelations, the relations within which these individuals stand.

2226: 11793: 10973: 10700: 7594: 19317: 13852: 13157: 11417: 10723: 8500: 7244: 3127: 20254: 19925: 19227: 17022: 13800: 4307: 9793: 4742:. Six weeks later, they published the 12,000-word pamphlet in February 1848. In March, Belgium expelled them, and they moved to 20249: 19346: 17027: 14711: 13401: 10753: 8342:, began to discover the work of Wilhelm Reich for his American audience in the tiny libertarian socialist and anarchist milieu. 6738: 6261: 5534: 4990: 3598: 1052: 1034: 463: 11147:

Horton, John (1977). "A Contribution to the Critique of Academic Marxism: Or How the Intellectuals Liquidate Class Struggle".

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Marx considered recurring class conflicts as the driving force of human history as such conflicts have manifested as distinct

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by saying that if Lafargue's views were considered Marxist, then "one thing is certain and that is that I am not a Marxist."

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These inefficiencies manifest themselves as social contradictions in society which are, in turn, fought out at the level of

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Zaleski, Pawel (2008). "Tocqueville on Civilian Society. A Romantic Vision of the Dichotomic Structure of Social Reality".

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has had a strained relationship with Marxism. Anarchists and many non-Marxist libertarian socialists reject the need for a

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Hartley, John (2003). "Culture from Arnold to Schwarzenegger: Imperial Literacy to Pop Culture (destination democracy?)".

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and establish a revolutionary worker's state. Lenin's government also instituted a number of progressive measures such as

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led the West to take a more aggressive stance towards the Soviet Union and its Leninist allies. Meanwhile, the reformist

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school became accepted within Western academia, subsequently fracturing into several different perspectives, such as the

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The allegations of inconsistency have been a large part of Marxian economics and the debates around it since the 1970s.

5088:, which sought to uphold the central role of the Chinese Communist Party and uphold the principle that China was in the 18335: 17443: 12988: 12922: 12914: 12888: 12818: 12772: 12724: 12676: 12589: 12364: 12338: 12312: 12289: 12254: 12229: 12199: 12177: 12139: 12070: 11953: 11920: 11829: 11664: 11542: 11311: 11266: 11204: 11131: 11099: 11033: 11008: 10646: 10423: 10286: 10236: 9959: 9422: 8562: 8230: 8168: 8079: 7780: 7673: 7490: 5843: 5717: 4728: 14467: 5058:(PRC) was declared in 1949. The new socialist state was to be founded on the ideas of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin. 4441: 4323:

was also a great pioneer of the 'history from below' approach. Living in Britain when he wrote his most notable work,

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has a section dedicated to the issues of Marxist sociology that is "interested in examining how insights from Marxist

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of a society. Conflicts between the development of material productive forces and the relations of production provoke

2320:, Marxism has had a profound effect on society and global academia. To date, it has influenced many fields, including 17869: 17735: 17501: 17013: 13930: 12962: 12875: 12646: 11445: 11233: 10811: 10098: 10015: 9838: 9807: 9776: 9606: 9565: 9056: 9019: 8824: 8786: 8744: 8012: 7729: 7339: 7331: 7295: 7183: 7093: 6520: 6438: 6338: 6051: 5897: 5357: 4569: 4460: 3983: 3898:

professors identify as Marxists, while between 0 and 2% of professors in all other disciplines identify as Marxists.

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and is one of the principal features distinguishing the social classes. The power of one social class to control the

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by those attempting to cast themselves as genuine followers of Marx while casting others in different terms, such as

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Marx distinguishes social classes based on two criteria, i.e. ownership of means of production and control over the

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would not base production on the creation of private profits but on the criteria of satisfying human needs—that is,

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are the founding fathers of Marxist historiography. Today, the senior-most scholars of Marxist historiography are

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longer holds. This result calls into question his theory that exploiting workers is the sole source of profit.

5505:" became shorthand for this critique, evoking the image of citizens' lives being as regimented as the lives of 4886: 4690: 4551: 4420: 4398: 3802: 3159: 3081: 505: 403: 383: 293: 218: 15325: 9370:"Spatializing Marxist Educational Theory: School, the Built Environment, Fixed Capital and (Relational) Space" 5497:, claiming that socialism can only be established through decentralised, non-coercive organisation. Anarchist 607: 20264: 20244: 20202: 20075: 19297: 18328: 18155: 18042: 17844: 16612: 15079: 14836: 14438: 14167: 14023: 13152: 11988: 11502: 10662: 7448: 7416: 5967: 5922: 5582: 5153: 4906: 4191:

constraints in determining historical outcomes. Marxist historiography has contributed to the history of the

2306: 2219: 1754: 657: 426: 313: 16662: 9230:(January 1999). "Explorations in the History of Left Education in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Europe". 20289: 20100: 20095: 19789: 18827: 18460: 18223: 18052: 18007: 17944: 17800: 17775: 17740: 17032: 16490: 16166: 16141: 16063: 15119: 14045: 13961: 13903: 13842: 13263: 13172: 10523: 10306: 10058: 8400:"Yanis Varoufakis thinks we need a radically new way of thinking about the economy, finance and capitalism" 5567: 5061:

From Stalin's death until the late 1960s, there was increased conflict between China and the Soviet Union.

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remarked, "Marxism is always open, always critical, always self-critical."Classical Marxism distinguishes

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to describe either Marx's or his views. He claimed that the term was being abusively used as a rhetorical

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Political Economy: A Textbook issued by the Economics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R

6310: 5522: 5447: 5146: 4853: 4427: 4334: 3389: 2970:(1877), he explained that his ideas were based upon a concrete study of the actual conditions in Europe. 2703: 1937: 1739: 1209: 343: 268: 163: 15054: 10378: 8036: 7398: 5187:

capitalism as the dominant ideological trends in Western politics championed by United States president

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Sayers, Janet; Evans, Mary; Redclift, Nanneke (1987). "Introduction: Engels, socialism, and feminism".

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Rikowski, Glenn (2020). "The Psychology of Capital". In Pejnović, Vesna Stanković; Matić, Ivan (eds.).

7905: 7854: 6914: 6004: 5816: 5546: 5441: 5175:

The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the collapse of most of those socialist states that had professed a

5089: 4723:). After Marx was deported from France in January 1845, they moved to Belgium, which permitted greater 4366: 4059:

Marxian economics is a school of economic thought tracing its foundations to the critique of classical

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Rikowski, Glenn (December 1997). "Scorched Earth: prelude to rebuilding Marxist educational theory".

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Hudis, Peter; Vidal, Matt; Smith, Tony; Rotta, Tomás; Prew, Paul, eds. (September 2018 – June 2019).

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in Nicaragua. Forging political and economic alliances through international organisations like the

4917:. 50,000 workers had passed a resolution in favour of Bolshevik demand for transfer of power to the 4409: 3341:

that some people subjugate and exploit other people, you're lost in a forest, not knowing anything.

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in that the base initially gives rise to the superstructure and remains the foundation of a form of

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development of the productive forces these relations turn into their fetters. Then begins an era of

20284: 19985: 18102: 18062: 16628: 16445: 16423: 15490: 15350: 14983: 14772: 14513: 13023: 12062: 11303: 11191: 11000: 10783:[The Constitutional Amendment, Orlando Chirino and the C-CURA] (in Spanish). Archived from 9924:

Hamilton, Scott (2012). "Yesterday the struggle: 'Outside the Whale' and the fight for the 1930s".

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History of education for the many: from colonisation and slavery to the decline of U.S. imperialism

8810: 8185:"The Retreat of Social Democracy ... Re-imposition of Work in Britain and the 'Social Europe'" 7576: 7394: 7167: 6525: 5085: 5018: 4547: 4394: 3155: 3059:—the difference between the value produced and the value received by a labourer—is synonymous with 2866: 2212: 1942: 308: 228: 178: 11741: 11574:

Franks, Benjamin (2012). "Between Anarchism and Marxism: the beginnings and ends of the schism…".

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Wolf, Eric R. (Spring 1987). "The Peasant War in Germany: Friedrich Engels as Social Historian".

9264: 8702:"Between Public and Professional: Chinese Sociology and the Construction of a Harmonious Society" 7764: 6871: 6845: 6817: 6660: 5625: 5339: 5323: 5313: 5030: 4978: 4749: 4703: 4599: 4540: 4387: 4246: 4238:

impetus in British politics. Marx's most important works on social and political history include

4217:

which analysed social warfare in early Protestant Germany regarding emerging capitalist classes.

4214: 4091:, the impact of class and class struggle on economic and political processes, and the process of 3819: 3690: 3654: 3456: 3253: 3245: 3148: 3001: 2983: 2823: 2804: 2505: 2428: 2310: 2251: 2107: 2087: 920: 652: 535: 388: 353: 173: 168: 123: 17: 19699: 9054:

De Lissovoy, Noah (January 2011). "Pedagogy in Common: Democratic education in the global era".

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Becker, Samuel L. (18 May 2009). "Marxist approaches to media studies: The British experience".

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Cultural Marxism in Post-War Britain: History, the New Left, and the Origins of Cultural Studies

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Marxism and socialism have received considerable critical analysis from multiple generations of

2516:) improve, existing forms of organising production become obsolete and hinder further progress. 2500:

required to fulfill human material needs. It assumes that the form of economic organisation, or

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and Bolivia, eventually being killed by the Bolivian government, possibly on the orders of the

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from 1966 to 1976 to purge Chinese society of capitalist elements and achieve socialism. Upon

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After Marx died in 1883, Engels became the editor and translator of Marx's writings. With his

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of others. Following this criterion of class based on property relations, Marx identified the

62:

For the political ideology commonly associated with states governed by communist parties, see

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leaders have damaged "the enormous appeal of socialism generated by the October Revolution."

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as the government requested overdetermined historical writing. Notable histories include the

3933:, a great emphasis was placed on the adoption of Marxist archaeology throughout the country. 3913: 3730: 3671: 3528:

political decisions reached by voting in the party are binding for all members of the party.

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society is far better for most of the populace than its capitalist counterpart. Prior to the

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Teaching the Actuality of Revolution: Aesthetics, Unlearning, and the Sensations of Struggle

7659: 4165:

The latest field of research examines and develops Marxist pedagogy in the postdigital era.

3882:, an Australian archaeologist and one of the 20th century's most prominent Marxist academics 19955: 19835: 19604: 19411: 19252: 19179: 18871: 18832: 18817: 18351: 18258: 18165: 18122: 18082: 17994: 17770: 17665: 17509: 17148: 17037: 16722: 16592: 16428: 16418: 16363: 16296: 15769: 15475: 15430: 15315: 15084: 14891: 14886: 14881: 14757: 14565: 14503: 14249: 14182: 14149: 14145: 13935: 13925: 13862: 13857: 13754: 13734: 13355: 13345: 13327: 13132: 12828: 12738: 12281: 9731: 8434:"Yanis Varoufakis: We leftists are not necessarily pro public sector – Marx was anti state" 7834: 5635: 5417: 5351: 5176: 4930: 4910: 4807: 4755: 4727:

than other European countries. In January 1846, they returned to Brussels to establish the

4305:, the common points of British Marxist historiography continued in their works. Thompson's 4108: 4100: 4006: 3925: 3835: 3622: 3509: 3431: 3364: 3109: 2858: 2827: 2811: 2671: 2509: 2243: 2092: 2045: 2040: 2025: 2015: 1982: 1957: 1844: 1819: 1719: 1434: 1004: 819: 775: 580: 545: 495: 437: 283: 158: 148: 101: 63: 19426: 17140: 16682: 12708: 10784: 8184: 6808: 5725:

animated debates ... Marxian theory (singular) gave way to Marxian theories (plural).

5557:

used praxeological and subjectivist methodology to fundamentally attack the law of value.

5410: 5106: 4707:(1848): "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles." 3031:—the amount of labour performed beyond what is received in goods. Exploitation has been a 889: 393: 8: 20145: 20025: 19995: 19915: 19441: 19381: 18702: 18622: 18175: 18027: 17909: 17874: 17854: 17810: 17805: 17670: 17427: 17298: 17283: 16687: 16368: 16326: 15964: 15794: 15774: 15455: 15275: 15230: 15139: 15129: 15039: 15029: 15008: 14978: 14876: 14816: 14658: 14653: 14648: 14635: 14528: 14445: 14401: 14396: 14389: 14040: 13956: 13885: 13872: 13847: 13820: 13810: 13729: 13614: 13489: 13416: 13376: 13315: 13310: 13305: 13286: 13271: 13167: 13112: 12304: 11781: 11115: 10963: 10692: 7665: 7604: 7590: 6774: 5640: 5545:

regarding scientific methodology, economic theory and political implications. During the

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equals the socially necessary labour time required to produce it. Under such conditions,

3052: 3040: 3021:" was best for wealthy capitalists and workers because it provided them with employment. 3018: 2904: 2850: 2819: 2785: 2721: 2537: 2353: 2333: 2325: 2151: 2102: 1804: 1624: 1114: 755: 735: 730: 622: 612: 560: 550: 468: 448: 303: 223: 118: 19189: 16757: 15764: 15709: 15196: 12515:

Marx in the Mid-twentieth Century: A Yugoslav Philosopher Considers Karl Marx's Writings

11409: 10731: 9561:"Studying like a communist: Affect, the Party, and the educational limits to capitalism" 9333:

Ford, Derek R.; Lewis, Tyson E. (1 March 2018). "On the Freedom to Be Opaque Monsters".

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and that it was still working to build a communist society based on Marxist principles.

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and capitalist exploitation is thus realised as deriving surplus value from the worker.

2560:

exploits and oppresses the proletariat; therefore, capitalism will inevitably lead to a

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Lewis, Tyson E. (January 2012). "Mapping the Constellation of Educational Marxism(s)".

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Wittfogel, Karl A. (July 1960). "The Marxist View of Russian Society and Revolution".

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as broadly perceived from "what Marx believed." In 1883, Marx wrote to his son-in-law

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Classical Marxism denotes the collection of socio-eco-political theories expounded by

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Memos, Christos (2012). "Anarchism and Council Communism on the Russian Revolution".

8075: 8008: 7776: 7739: 7725: 7669: 7335: 7291: 7271: 7179: 7089: 7022: 6938: 6620: 6488: 6434: 6389: 6344: 6334: 6219: 6209: 6167: 6157: 6122: 6094: 6047: 6043: 6016: 5939: 5893: 5839: 5713: 5660: 5456: 5196: 5192: 5066: 5026: 4937: 4926: 4759: 4615: 4434: 4338: 4088: 4060: 4054: 3953: 3940:, who used Marxist theory in his understandings of the development of human society. 3866: 3766: 3738: 3718: 3682: 3554: 3504: 3330: 3229: 3119: 3048: 2835: 2831: 2830:" that derive from the economic base that conditions both the superstructure and the 2592: 2577: 2522: 2393: 2381: 2377: 2357: 2341: 2317: 2309:, the defining characteristics of Marxism have often been described using the terms " 2298: 2297:

In addition to the various schools of thought, which emphasise or modify elements of

2188: 2117: 2077: 2055: 1784: 1769: 1749: 1339: 1259: 1184: 994: 925: 899: 851: 780: 760: 632: 595: 575: 565: 555: 528: 490: 433: 19174: 13669: 13644: 13509: 13033: 12028: 10757: 7364: 6728: 4002: 1579: 1484: 1419: 1369: 1234: 20229: 20125: 20055: 19825: 19744: 19739: 19664: 19639: 19584: 19574: 19564: 19534: 19514: 19504: 19371: 19366: 19324: 19267: 19064: 18747: 18742: 18717: 18662: 18637: 18293: 18213: 18190: 18117: 18002: 17964: 17820: 17790: 17176: 17129: 17119: 16997: 16952: 16942: 16932: 16907: 16787: 16742: 16707: 16677: 16672: 16642: 16547: 16440: 16341: 16277: 16222: 16210: 16083: 15949: 15934: 15909: 15894: 15729: 15659: 15569: 15540: 15525: 15500: 15460: 15450: 15415: 15410: 15355: 15330: 15320: 15290: 15250: 15059: 15044: 14993: 14973: 14841: 14821: 14730: 14384: 14327: 14254: 14224: 14092: 14080: 13971: 13779: 13679: 13574: 13519: 13474: 13464: 13449: 13335: 13238: 13207: 12866: 12760: 12099: 12014: 12006: 11815: 11646: 11585: 11534: 11462: 11454: 11441:"Economic development, political-economic system, and the physical quality of life" 11186: 10220: 9943: 9869: 9703: 9666: 9656: 9615: 9574: 9533: 9502: 9492: 9381: 9342: 9241: 9227: 9100: 9065: 9028: 8925: 8732: 8682: 8656: 8626: 8550: 8403: 8395: 8296: 8152: 7958: 7940: 7914: 7863: 7768: 7717: 7618: 7378: 7281: 7199: 6995: 6991: 6918: 6867: 6812: 6804: 6760: 6656: 6616: 6511: 6418: 6377: 6270: 6108: 6008: 5994: 5980: 5976: 5951: 5931: 5689: 5611: 5563: 5469: 5460: 5398: 5393:. They may combine some Marxist concepts with the ideas of other theorists such as 5204: 5130: 5122: 5062: 4974: 4954: 4894: 4787: 4676: 4655: 4607: 4204: 4138: 4068: 4026: 4018: 3937: 3879: 3790: 3778: 3722: 3641: 3633: 3564: 3513: 3492: 3427: 3380: 3360: 3301:

change, most of whom would enter the proletariat while some would become landlords.

2660: 2649: 2585: 2569: 2493: 2485: 2337: 2275: 2200: 2176: 2112: 2097: 1889: 1824: 1724: 1659: 1634: 1584: 1549: 1509: 1344: 1304: 1269: 1159: 1139: 1089: 1084: 1064: 1019: 989: 935: 884: 879: 846: 745: 702: 647: 590: 193: 75: 19729: 16782: 15285: 15270: 12508: 10495: 10449: 9620: 9601: 9578: 7850:"Karl Marx's sociological theory of democracy: Civil society and political rights" 5747: 4014: 3997:, Marxist sociology emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. With Marx, 3742: 1899: 20182: 19855: 19774: 19734: 19704: 19689: 19654: 19649: 19619: 19594: 19579: 19554: 19539: 19474: 19451: 19436: 19421: 19406: 19277: 19232: 19217: 19207: 19029: 19024: 18881: 18876: 18856: 18844: 18263: 17815: 17685: 17124: 16897: 16777: 16717: 16657: 16552: 16542: 16485: 16403: 16331: 15954: 15924: 15744: 15724: 15719: 15714: 15654: 15644: 15639: 15624: 15594: 15520: 15380: 15360: 15335: 15265: 15225: 15114: 15109: 14988: 14953: 14948: 14943: 14618: 14481: 14344: 14207: 14202: 13604: 13544: 13534: 13529: 13459: 13228: 13202: 13177: 13137: 13127: 13102: 12936: 12906: 12850: 12752: 12746: 12734: 12656: 12440: 12402: 12246: 12165: 11880: 11650: 11603: 11589: 9997: 9951: 9537: 9131: 8772: 8713: 8686: 8670: 8335: 7867: 7796: 7327: 7275: 6426: 6288: 6037: 5998: 5867: 5769: 5693: 5542: 5501:

criticised Marx for his authoritarian bent. The phrases "barracks socialism" or "

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The fidelity of those varied revolutionaries, leaders and parties to the work of

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of Marxism for being too shallow and detached from political action. Zimbabwean

4635: 3834:, Marxist humanists argue that Marx's work was an extension or transcendence of 1539: 20172: 20080: 20070: 19799: 19674: 19659: 19634: 19629: 19624: 19569: 19544: 19499: 19479: 19341: 19312: 19287: 19242: 19222: 19184: 19139: 19019: 19009: 18866: 18697: 18510: 18107: 18072: 17889: 17750: 17725: 17720: 17710: 17680: 16957: 16912: 16902: 16882: 16842: 16797: 16762: 16652: 16647: 16637: 16532: 16505: 16043: 15984: 15944: 15929: 15864: 15854: 15834: 15824: 15814: 15779: 15759: 15699: 15649: 15609: 15584: 15579: 15505: 15435: 15300: 15245: 15094: 14861: 14846: 14777: 14696: 14406: 13920: 13774: 13714: 13684: 13569: 13564: 13484: 13479: 13454: 13107: 12972: 12764: 12756: 12630: 12410: 12273: 11984: 11379: 10380:

1964: On Khrushchov's Phoney Communism and Its Historical Lessons for the World

9975: 9926:

The Crisis of Theory: E. P. Thompson, the New Left and Postwar British Politics

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and Marxist analysis can help explain the complex dynamics of modern society."

3891: 3858: 3774: 3770: 3750: 3746: 3706: 3702: 3618: 3464: 3447: 3368: 3298: 3268: 3115: 3028: 2988: 2897: 2815: 2744: 2717: 2529: 2397: 2385: 2349: 2134: 1962: 1864: 1799: 1789: 1779: 1774: 1694: 1674: 1664: 1654: 1644: 1614: 1594: 1534: 1529: 1514: 1499: 1489: 1409: 1379: 1374: 1364: 1289: 1264: 1254: 1249: 1224: 1214: 1189: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1069: 750: 682: 637: 413: 258: 16857: 16827: 16727: 16048: 15689: 15365: 13018: 12940: 12528: 9213: 8970: 8539:"The Social and Political Views of American College and University Professors" 7962: 6423:

The Blackwell Dictionary of Sociology: A User's Guide to Sociological Language

6381: 6274: 6223: 5266: 5246: 3524:

and can include voting on how surplus labour is to be organised. According to

3463:, led to renewed theoretical effort and valuable contributions from Lenin and 2544:) and the vast majority of the population who produce goods and services (the 2286:. Marxism has had a profound effect in shaping the modern world, with various 1389: 20223: 20105: 19935: 19845: 19794: 19764: 19754: 19684: 19679: 19669: 19529: 19519: 19509: 19484: 19351: 19329: 19247: 19154: 19127: 19112: 19054: 18737: 18248: 18067: 17969: 17959: 17864: 17002: 16992: 16987: 16972: 16867: 16802: 16767: 16747: 16737: 16574: 16495: 16480: 16073: 15914: 15904: 15874: 15849: 15819: 15754: 15749: 15684: 15679: 15599: 15535: 15515: 15425: 15405: 15385: 15235: 15003: 14938: 14928: 14896: 14747: 14735: 14701: 14611: 14602: 14555: 14197: 14055: 13769: 13749: 13739: 13664: 13619: 13599: 13589: 13514: 13494: 12898: 12790: 12742: 12573: 12394: 12378: 12374: 12269: 12265: 10528: 10228: 9895: 9439: 9346: 9245: 9149: 9003: 8929: 8900: 8878: 8144: 8130: 7996: 7705: 7077: 7027: 6322: 6171: 6126: 6012: 5943: 5424: 5390: 5258: 5254: 5238:

was elected into power in Nepal in 2008 following a long guerrilla struggle.

5188: 5169: 5081: 5043: 4946: 4921:. Following the October Revolution, the Soviet government struggled with the 4346: 4312: 4283: 4282:, published in the 1930s to justify the nature of Bolshevik party life under 4192: 4134: 4080: 4072: 3979: 3930: 3762: 3754: 3659: 3576: 3568: 3517: 3468: 3384: 3291:: a historically significant social class that retains some wealth and power. 3219: 3056: 3036: 3032: 2803:) are assumed to stem from economic activity, forming what is considered the 2681: 2628: 2549: 2369: 2302: 2247: 1829: 1699: 1689: 1599: 1474: 1354: 1329: 1324: 1294: 1219: 1124: 1074: 999: 984: 930: 904: 662: 443: 15495: 13044: 12854: 12103: 9645:"Postdigital Possibilities: Operaismo, Co-research, and Educational Inquiry" 9319: 9282: 8156: 7944: 5381:, himself a professional academic, stated: "Its practitioners remind one of 20085: 19769: 19759: 19749: 19614: 19609: 19549: 19524: 19494: 19489: 19396: 19391: 19237: 19117: 18851: 18787: 18657: 18647: 18642: 18561: 18551: 18495: 18385: 18185: 18127: 17934: 17899: 17795: 16977: 16947: 16847: 16837: 16792: 16772: 16712: 16702: 16667: 16470: 16353: 16014: 15994: 15989: 15979: 15919: 15799: 15669: 15395: 15375: 15370: 15340: 15240: 14762: 14580: 14433: 14369: 13966: 13759: 13709: 13704: 13694: 13674: 13629: 13624: 13609: 13499: 13434: 13233: 13192: 12932: 12794: 12520: 12187: 12149: 11682: 11560: 11284: 10216: 10007: 8580: 8286: 8097: 8032: 7691: 7486: 6117: 5655: 5572: 5530: 5126: 5110: 5022: 4962: 4950: 4859: 4840: 4779: 4273: 4184: 4124: 4120: 3921: 3823: 3698: 3580: 3488: 3347: 3280: 3241: 3191: 3123: 2932: 2796: 2680:. In 1882, Engels claimed that Marx had criticised self-proclaimed Marxist 2644: 2573: 2553: 2321: 2294:

political movements taking inspiration from it in varying local contexts.

2259: 2072: 1894: 1869: 1834: 1764: 1759: 1744: 1729: 1679: 1669: 1519: 1504: 1494: 1444: 1414: 1399: 1384: 1349: 1169: 1129: 1079: 1029: 950: 894: 15634: 12846: 11476: 11458: 11255:

Rethinking the Frankfurt School: Alternative Legacies of Cultural Critique

5920:

O'Laughlin, Bridget (October 1975). "Marxist Approaches in Anthropology".

5802:"Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe: From Marxism to the Mainstream?" 4901:. Their newly formed federal state promised to end Russian involvement in 4830: 3483: 3459:, along with the failure of socialist movements to resist the outbreak of 19784: 19779: 19714: 19709: 19559: 19431: 19386: 19376: 19169: 19164: 19102: 19039: 18822: 18797: 18722: 18682: 18652: 18627: 18607: 18586: 18566: 18546: 18536: 18505: 18370: 18160: 18132: 17904: 17705: 17650: 17254:

The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature

17192: 16927: 16922: 16877: 16862: 16832: 16817: 16752: 16732: 16697: 16564: 16559: 16465: 16078: 16068: 16019: 16009: 16004: 15974: 15809: 15784: 15739: 15604: 15545: 15485: 15440: 15255: 15162: 15124: 15049: 14998: 14918: 14670: 14374: 14284: 14212: 14050: 13784: 13764: 13639: 13634: 13594: 13579: 13524: 13429: 12980: 12322: 12131: 12054: 12019: 11524: 11490: 11196: 11087: 10862:"At the height of his power, China's Xi Jinping moves to embrace Marxism" 10638: 10278: 9904: 8496: 7570: 6190: 5587: 5550: 5452: 5371: 5250: 5227: 5207:. Ultimately, Gorbachev's reforms, coupled with rising levels of popular 5168:'s death, his rivals seized political power, and under the leadership of 5138: 4902: 4595: 4591: 4490: 4342: 4265: 4196: 3987: 3811: 3663: 3614: 3460: 3412: 3210: 3206: 3013: 2950: 2940: 2922: 2874: 2775: 2713: 2676: 2556:

within society who contradict one another, a Marxist would conclude that

2545: 2541: 1909: 1854: 1809: 1704: 1649: 1574: 1404: 1394: 1299: 1279: 1239: 1164: 1154: 1144: 945: 642: 515: 203: 138: 13163:"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" 12832: 11160: 10071: 9748: 9671: 7003: 6709: 5223: 2270:. Marxism originates with the works of 19th-century German philosophers 20167: 19975: 19875: 19724: 19644: 19416: 19307: 19149: 19092: 19069: 19034: 18983: 18973: 18941: 18886: 18712: 18692: 18617: 18581: 18485: 18470: 18395: 18320: 18142: 18022: 17690: 17336: 16937: 16692: 16522: 16455: 16450: 16088: 16024: 15704: 15694: 15614: 14752: 14623: 14493: 14452: 14428: 14303: 14264: 13654: 13649: 13559: 13554: 12686: 12010: 11413: 11258: 10374: 10302: 9881: 9497: 9480: 9104: 8554: 8534: 8456: 8246: 8219:

Libertarian communism: Marx Engels and the Political Economy of Freedom

6930: 6611: 6479:

Gregory, Paul R.; Stuart, Robert C. (2003). "Marx's Theory of Change".

5375: 5319: 5302: 5270: 5203:

in March 1985 and sought to abandon Leninist development models toward

5184: 5165: 5038: 5034: 5004: 4882: 4815: 4583: 4554: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4486: 4261: 4183:

influenced by Marxism, the chief tenets of which are the centrality of

3895: 3887: 3806: 3734: 3686: 3678: 3647: 3438:, all Marxists believe socialism is a necessity. Marxists argue that a 3356: 3162: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2946: 2918: 2886: 2800: 2764: 2624: 2557: 2513: 1904: 1714: 1544: 1454: 1449: 1439: 1319: 1244: 1204: 1199: 1039: 839: 814: 510: 133: 12399:

Reclaiming Marx's "Capital": A Refutation of the Myth of Inconsistency

12383:

Aspects of International Socialism, 1871–1914: Essays by Georges Haupt

9507: 9444:"Lenin on Learning and the Development of Revolutionary Consciousness" 8949:

Marxism and education: international perspectives on theory and action

7926: 7900: 7286: 5529:

writing in 1906–1907, and subsequent critics have alleged that Marx's

5025:, the Chinese Communist Revolution occurred within the context of the 19865: 19804: 19361: 19004: 18931: 18916: 18837: 18757: 18752: 18677: 18632: 18612: 18591: 18576: 18556: 18541: 18405: 18365: 18243: 18233: 18057: 18047: 17974: 17172: 17101: 17089: 16917: 16617: 16510: 16500: 16435: 16408: 16136: 16131: 16058: 15884: 15674: 15629: 15564: 15420: 15024: 14963: 14851: 14721: 14597: 14523: 14488: 14312: 14239: 14177: 14135: 14030: 13744: 13689: 13444: 13253: 13088: 12612: 12478: 11992: 11936: 11912:

Marxist Ideology in the Contemporary World: Its Appeals and Paradoxes

10894:"China's huge celebrations of Karl Marx are not really about Marxism" 10165: 10117:

After the Vote Was Won: The Later Achievements of Fifteen Suffragists

10090: 9830: 9522:

Boughton, Bob (June 2013). "Popular education and the 'party line'".

9443: 8952: 8816: 8768: 8678: 8028: 7412: 7390: 7235: 7129: 7085: 7017: 6863: 6800: 6652: 6606: 6539: 6459: 6330: 6154:

Marx, capital, and education: towards a critical pedagogy of becoming

5889: 5885: 5835: 5620: 5506: 5490: 5394: 5331: 5242: 5235: 5180: 5047: 4672: 4587: 4482: 4478: 4350: 4235: 4152:

Marxist analyses of the role of fixed capital in capitalist education

4064: 3998: 3994: 3971: 3959: 3714: 3667: 3637: 3629: 3560: 3439: 3372: 3297:

and farmers: a scattered class incapable of organising and effecting

3294: 3288: 2928: 2854: 2758: 2565: 2517: 2497: 2474: 2345: 2287: 2271: 2139: 2082: 2030: 2010: 1839: 1464: 1059: 1014: 824: 12416:

Karl Marx: A Brief Biographical Sketch with an Exposition of Marxism

9873: 8986:

On Marx: an introduction to the revolutionary intellect of Karl Marx

6922: 6847:

Did Karl Marx's "Turn" the Original Social Theory of Class Struggle?

4529: 4376: 3400: 3137: 2838:, whereby changes to the economic base lead to the superstructure's 2417: 20140: 19719: 19456: 19049: 19014: 18988: 18968: 18921: 18732: 18687: 18571: 18475: 18465: 18430: 18400: 16316: 16245: 16156: 16151: 16053: 15589: 14538: 14533: 14498: 14359: 14269: 14001: 13996: 13890: 13281: 10727: 10500: 10258: 9762: 7713: 6206:

Mean streets: homelessness, public space, and the limits of capital

5510: 5141:, subsequently went on to aid revolutionary socialist movements in 5134: 5101: 4898: 4863: 4803: 4775: 4772: 4188: 3838: 3781:, the latter claiming that Marx himself was a libertarian Marxist. 3694: 3617:

aspects of Marxism. Early currents of libertarian Marxism, such as

3276: 3233: 3071: 2936: 2301:, several Marxian concepts have been incorporated into an array of 2291: 2065: 2060: 1859: 940: 12782: 6348: 5179:

ideology. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the emergence of the

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production by collective and improved labour." The failure of the

2496:

within any given society by analysing the material conditions and

20177: 20090: 18978: 18946: 18936: 18667: 18500: 18425: 18410: 18390: 17245: 16569: 15969: 15869: 14794: 14274: 11494: 11251:"The Theoretical Hesitation: Benjamin's Sociological Predecessor" 10833: 10604:"Collection: Cuban revolution collection | Archives at Yale" 7611: 5070: 4918: 4743: 3975: 3795:

Marxist humanism was born in 1932 with the publication of Marx's

3404: 3272: 3267:: those who work and can afford to buy little labour power (i.e. 3237: 3043:

enables its exploitation of other classes. Under capitalism, the

2914: 2878: 2862: 2608: 2401: 834: 10003:

The Aesthetic Dimension: Toward a Critique of Marxist Aesthetics

8295:(Lecture), Poetry Center of the New York YM-YWHA, archived from 6454: 6452: 6450: 3875: 2470: 18926: 18727: 18515: 18490: 18480: 18450: 18435: 18200: 15899: 15839: 14560: 13424: 11530:

Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge

11092:

Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge

10829:"No regrets: Xi says Marxism still 'totally correct' for China" 9854:

Krieger, Leonard (June 1953). "Marx and Engels as Historians".

9481:"Right-to-Work and Lenin's Communist Pedagogy: An Introduction" 6326: 5965:

Roseberry, William (21 October 1997). "Marx and Anthropology".

5157: 4986: 4279:

History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)

2908: 2779: 2631:, socialism is not an inevitability but an economic necessity. 2305:. This has led to widely varying conclusions. Alongside Marx's 829: 16229: 16205: 14087: 8727:

Loesche, Frank; Torre, Ilaria (2020). "Creative Destruction".

4333:

Marxist and so outside of the CPGB. In India, B. N. Datta and

3586:

ce qu'il y a de certain c'est que moi, je ne suis pas Marxiste

2536:, this struggle materialises between the minority who own the 2195: 364:

Their Morals and Ours: The class foundations of moral practice

18956: 18445: 18380: 14544: 8143: 7901:"Karl Marx on Democracy, Participation, Voting, and Equality" 7661:

Remaking the Chinese State: Strategies, Society, and Security

7046: 6447: 5389:

outdated regarding certain aspects of economic, political or

5055: 3223: 2949:: capitalists are the ruling class who create and employ the 2882: 2870: 14103: 13057: 9298:

Social movements, civil society, and radical adult education

8420:

Yanis Varoufakis describes himself as a "libertarian Marxist

8001:

Revolutionary Marxism and Social Reality in the 20th Century

7058: 6612:

Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy

5201:

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

3388:

ruling classes to protect their economic privilege, it will

2278:. Marxism has developed over time into various branches and 18951: 18375: 18032: 17526:

Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy

17487:

The Part Played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man

17262:

The Philosophical Manifesto of the Historical School of Law

17170: 7034: 6363: 4021:

were among its most notable members. During the 1940s, the

3487:

The Soviet of Workers' Deputies of St. Petersburg in 1905:

334:

An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital

12609:

Rethinking Marxism: From Kant and Hegel to Marx and Engels

10144:

Lenin's Plan for Building Socialism in the USSR, 1917–1925

10114:

Adams, Katherine H.; Keene, Michael L. (10 January 2014).

9261:

Red pedagogy: Native American social and political thought

8877: 8587: 7277:

Labour and Value: Rethinking Marx's Theory of Exploitation

7124: 7122: 7120: 7118: 6872:"Letter from Marx to Editor of the Otecestvenniye Zapisky" 6364:"Marxism and Science Studies: A Sweep through the Decades" 4793: 4225:

with class analysis and attempts a dialectical analysis.

3589:' ('what is certain is that I myself am not a Marxist')." 2254:

interpretation of historical development, better known as

18520: 18415: 17518:

The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State

12977:

Marxism and the Philosophy of Science: A Critical History

11167: 10866: 10781:"La Enmienda Constitucional, Orlando Chirino y la C-CURA" 7752: 6560: 6558: 5684: 5682: 4311:

is one of the works commonly associated with this group.

4071:. Marxian economics concerns itself with the analysis of 3725:. Notable theorists of libertarian Marxism have included 3717:. Libertarian Marxism has often strongly influenced both 12911:

Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition

10635:

The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations

9411:

New Understanding of Capital in the Twenty-First Century

6770:

Anti-Dühring: Herr Eugen Dühring's Revolution in Science

4272:

English society. Marxist historiography suffered in the

3966:

associated with ... Marxism's objective of developing a

154:

The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State

17619: 17534:

A Contribution to the History of Primitive Christianity

11222:

Introduction to Critical Theory: Horkheimer to Habermas

8472: 8251:"The Principle of Self-Emancipation in Marx and Engels" 7166: 7115: 4936:

In 1919, the nascent Soviet Government established the

3658:; emphasising the Marxist belief in the ability of the 3599:

List of communist ideologies § Libertarian Marxism

3070:, exploitation of the worker was achieved via physical 12584:(2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. 11390: 10583:"Selected Works of Deng Xiaopeng Volume 3 (1982–1992)" 10571:"Selected Works of Deng Xiaopeng Volume 2 (1975–1982)" 10559:"Selected Works of Deng Xiaopeng Volume 1 (1938–1965)" 8942: 8313:

Orgone Addicts: Wilhelm Reich Versus The Situationists

8161:

Non-Leninist Marxism: Writings on the Workers Councils

7802: 7628:

Origins of the Family, Private Property, and the State

6577: 6575: 6573: 6555: 6481:

Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century

5679: 4768:

Origins of the Family, Private Property, and the State

4473:

Marxist literary criticism is a loose term describing

3395: 3346:— Cuban revolutionary and Marxist–Leninist politician 8515: 8163:. St. Petersburg, Florida: Red and Black Publishers. 8068:

Hall, Stuart; Morely, Dave; Chen, Kuan-Hsing (1996).

7467: 6319:

Marxism and Psychoanalysis: In or Against Psychology?

6315:"Marxism, Psychoanalysis, and Critique of Psychology" 5037:

over the country's future. Throughout the Civil War,

4231:

The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844

4009:. The first Marxist school of sociology was known as 3886:

According to a 2007 survey of American professors by

3670:, libertarian Marxism is one of the main currents of 11993:"The Rise and Decline of General Laws of Capitalism" 10476: 10192:

The Blackwell Encyclopedia of the Russian Revolution

10147:. Novosti Press Agency Publishing House. p. 48. 10056:

Carver, Terrell (Winter 1985). "Engels's Feminism".

9765:; Saad-Filho, Alfredo; Boffo, Marco (January 2012). 8354:

Howard, Dick (1975). "Introduction to Castoriadis".

8137: 5601: 3841:. Whereas other Marxist philosophies see Marxism as 17345:

A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy

11856: 10464: 10084: 9761: 9437: 8599: 8071:

Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies

7589: 6633: 6587: 6570: 6465:

A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy

6321:. Concepts for Critical Psychology (1st ed.). 6287: 4401:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3218:the proletariat as the worker's labour generates a 2792:

A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy

12660: 12577: 12213: 11938:Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth 11860:Value, Prices and Money. Comparing Marx and Menger 11724:(1952) . "Value and Price in the Marxian System". 7827:Journal of the Ohara Institute for Social Research 6946: 6369:International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 6303: 6293:Learning the Media: Introduction to Media Teaching 5697: 5521:Other critiques come from an economic standpoint. 4111:, have been fitted for use in capitalist systems. 3232:: the outcasts of society, such as the criminals, 2282:, and as a result, there is no single, definitive 12937:"Marxism, Class Conflict, and the Conflict Helix" 11857:Nenovsky, Nikolay; Karpouzanov, Momtchil (2010), 11701:Economic Essays on Value, Competition and Utility 11377:(20–27 October 1997). "The Return of Karl Marx". 8849:"Vygotsky's revolutionary educational psychology" 8774:Theories of Surplus-Value: "Volume IV" of Capital 7208:. London: Progress Publishers. p. Footnote. 6975: 6973: 6472: 4666: 3392:as its conditions of existence have disappeared. 2743:— Russian Marxist theoretician and revolutionary 2572:—as the means of production—would be replaced by 20221: 18269:Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun 12949: 11983: 11875: 11438: 7977:"Report on the Unity Congress of the R.S.D.L.P." 7593:; Holleman, Hannah; Clark, Brett (1 July 2020). 6958: 5549:, a theory of subjective value was developed by 5430: 5307:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party 5274:mistakes due to him lacking a Marxist analysis. 4075:in capitalism, the role and distribution of the 11736: 11720: 10215: 7833:(1). Translated by Schauerte, M. Archived from 7651: 7280:. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers. p. 75. 6722: 6413: 6411: 4161:the pedagogical function of the Communist Party 4149:the educational aesthetics of Marxist education 3978:as part of the mobilisation of a revolutionary 3636:. Libertarian Marxist currents often draw from 2795:(1859). All constituent features of a society ( 2653:during the dispute between Marx's orthodox and 12663:Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society 12079: 11155:(1/2). Social Justice/Global Options: 78–104. 10693:"New Maoist-led government installed in Nepal" 10632: 10524:"Deng Xiaoping's legacy: The Great Stabiliser" 10356:The Sino-Soviet Conflict: A Global Perspective 9900:"The Historians' Group of the Communist Party" 9600:Ford, Derek R.; Jandrić, Petar (19 May 2021). 8067: 6980:Holmstrom, Nancy (June 1977). "Exploitation". 6970: 5919: 5881:Routledge Handbook of Marxism and Post-Marxism 5866:(2021). "Foundation: Karl Marx (1818–83)". In 4297:While some members of the group, most notably 3677:Libertarian Marxism includes currents such as 3355:This new way of thinking was invented because 2548:). Starting with the conjectural premise that 18336: 17605: 17463:The Condition of the Working Class in England 17397:Marx's notebooks on the history of technology 17156: 16261: 14119: 13073: 13049: 12955:An Outline of the History of Economic Thought 12635:The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx 12357:Prehistorian: A Biography of V. Gordon Childe 11639: 11616:, translated and edited by Sam Dolgoff, 1971" 10800:Hermeneutic Communism: From Heidegger to Marx 10797: 9826:Fifty Key Works of History and Historiography 7160: 6478: 6309: 5245:"; dominated by the Venezuelan government of 4207:' most important historical contribution was 3666:to mediate or aid its liberation. Along with 2965: 2552:occurs due to the struggle between different 2220: 114:The Condition of the Working Class in England 18842: 17542:Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Germany 17291:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 12092:Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics 11885:An Outline of the History of Economic Theory 11596: 11517: 11483: 11253:. In Nealon, Jeffrey T.; Irr, Caren (eds.). 10225:The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought 9791: 9449:Journal of Critical Education Policy Studies 8881:; Pruyn, Marc; Huerta-Charles, Luis (2016). 8808: 8726: 8533: 7969: 6408: 5688: 5475: 5322:has announced a deepening commitment of the 5080:Following Mao's death and the ascendancy of 4747: 4712: 4301:and E. P. Thompson, left the CPGB after the 4208: 4095:. Although the Marxian school is considered 3849:and should be treated so by Marxist theory. 3798:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 3662:to forge its destiny without the need for a 3645: 3584: 3252:. Having no interest in national, let alone 2959: 2762: 2599:and incapable of improving the population's 109:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 18778: 12333:. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co. 12238: 12047: 11367:, p. 3: "Marx's value theory would be 11185: 10964:"Fox Hunter, Party Animal, Leftist Warrior" 9599: 9053: 7657: 6516:"III [Historical Materialism]]" 6506: 6504: 5832:Encyclopedia of Political Economy, Volume 2 5370:Some Marxists have criticised the academic 23: 18343: 18329: 17612: 17598: 17329:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 17163: 17149: 16268: 16254: 14126: 14112: 13080: 13066: 12707: 12655: 12445:"The Foundation of Historical Materialism" 12164: 12059:A General Theory of Exploitation and Class 11915:. Books for Libraries Press. p. 124. 11766:. Vol. II, 1929–1990. Princeton, NJ: 11761: 11358: 11345: 11331:. Vol. II, 1929–1990. Princeton, NJ: 11326: 11297: 11173: 11072:. Vol. II, 1929–1990. Princeton, NJ: 11067: 10994: 10798:Vattimo, Gianni; Zabala, Santiago (2011). 10340:A Century of Chinese Revolution, 1851–1949 10252:Lisichkin, G. (1989). "Mify i real'nost'" 10113: 9642: 9128:Communist study: education for the commons 8027: 7898: 7538: 7522:Lenin: A Study on the Unity of his Thought 7248:. Vol. 1. Moscow: Progress Publishers 7064: 7052: 7040: 6862: 6799: 6651: 6545:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 6151: 5829: 4933:becoming the dominant ideological strain. 4925:and several independence movements in the 4357:, most of whom are now over 75 years old. 3962:from a Marxist perspective, is "a form of 3924:in 1929, when a young archaeologist named 3826:and interpretations of Marx rooted in the 3809:society found in his later works, such as 2973: 2227: 2213: 254:Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses 129:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 24: 18229:The East wind prevails over the West wind 12861: 12359:. Bradford-on-Avon, UK: Moonraker Press. 12085: 12018: 11814: 11762:Howard, M. C.; King, J. E. (1992). "12". 11466: 10999:. Translated by Shukman, Harold. London: 10724:"Chavez accelerates on path to socialism" 10251: 10161:Evgeny Pashukanis: A Critical Reappraisal 10141:Ugri͡umov, Aleksandr Leontʹevich (1976). 10140: 9942: 9795:The Problem of Freedom in Marxist Thought 9670: 9660: 9619: 9506: 9496: 9385: 9332: 9226: 8917:British Journal of Sociology of Education 8541:. In Gross, Neil; Simmons, Solon (eds.). 8213: 7823:"An Introduction to the Theory of Crisis" 7658:Zhao, Jianmin; Dickson, Bruce J. (2001). 7285: 7270: 6979: 6904: 5964: 4586:based on or derived from the theories of 4570:Learn how and when to remove this message 4461:Learn how and when to remove this message 4319:is another example of this group's work. 4260:dealing with the historical emergence of 4241:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon 3628:Libertarian Marxism is often critical of 3178:Learn how and when to remove this message 2687: 2458:Learn how and when to remove this message 18350: 17321:The Class Struggles in France, 1848–1850 12905: 12837:. Phoenix Books (1st Phoenix ed.). 12801: 12733: 12507: 12125: 11901: 11695: 11346:Howard, M. C.; King, J. E. (1992). "7". 11327:Howard, M. C.; King, J. E. (1992). "7". 11195:. Translated by Poster, Mark. New York: 10922: 10826: 10272: 9974: 9923: 9894: 9771:. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 212. 9768:The Elgar Companion to Marxist Economics 9521: 9408: 9090: 8913: 8809:Aghion, Philippe; Howitt, Peter (1998). 8699: 8653:"About the Section on Marxist Sociology" 8611: 8466: 7880: 7354: 7245:Capital: A Critique of Political Economy 7240:"The Buying and Selling of Labour-Power" 6501: 6236: 6203: 6187:Understanding Film: Marxist Perspectives 6035: 5862: 5297: 5222: 5105: 4680: 3874: 3482: 3399: 3128:Three-component theory of stratification 2987: 2611:while pursuing military aggression. The 2480: 2469: 32:This is an accepted version of this page 19926:Reflections on the Revolution in France 17269:Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right 17023:International Trade Union Confederation 14581:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought 12971: 12629: 12548:"The Standpoint of Socialised Humanity" 12439: 12208: 11645: 11602: 11410:"GDP per capita growth (annual %)" 11373: 11248: 11080: 10482: 10352: 10188: 10030: 9996: 9853: 9822: 8645: 8593: 8490: 8478: 7773:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190695545.001.0001 7708:(2011). "Withering Away of the State". 7485: 6695: 6417: 6361: 6107: 6088: 6066: 5993: 5033:, founded in 1921, conflicted with the 4889:. The Bolsheviks established the first 4794:Russian Revolution and the Soviet Union 4308:The Making of the English Working Class 2659:followers. Kautsky's revisionist rival 14: 20222: 17028:International Union of Socialist Youth 14586:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path 12931: 12827: 12685: 12568:– via Marxists Internet Archive. 12503:– via Marxists Internet Archive. 12473:– via Marxists Internet Archive. 12451:. Beacon Press Boston. pp. 1–48. 12393: 12264:Edgley, Roy (1991) . "Philosophy". In 12263: 12186: 12148: 12053: 11965:from the original on 23 September 2008 11929: 11573: 11523: 11489: 11439:Cereseto, S; Waitzkin, H (June 1986). 11396: 11364: 11350:. Vol. 1929–1990. Princeton, NJ: 11146: 11114: 11086: 11048: 10961: 10721: 10470: 10409: 10337: 10262:(in Russian). Vol. 3. p. 59. 10055: 9525:Globalisation, Societies and Education 9478: 9258: 9189: 8983: 8846: 8521: 8394: 8353: 8245: 7995: 7820: 7704: 7512: 7473: 7377: 7198: 6882:from the original on 29 September 2020 6878:. 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University of Georgia Press. 6197: 6178: 6145: 6101: 6082: 6060: 6029: 5566:rekindled the debate about the 5218: 5213:dissolution of the Soviet Union 5115:United Nations General Assembly 4539:needs additional citations for 4386:needs additional citations for 4158:the educational theory of Lenin 4130:Schooling in Capitalist America 3308:dictatorship of the proletariat 3147:needs additional citations for 2998:Industrial Workers of the World 2810:The base includes the material 708:Theory of historical trajectory 586:Dictatorship of the proletariat 289:Hegemony and Socialist Strategy 189:History and Class Consciousness 144:Critique of the Gotha Programme 20255:Eponymous political ideologies 20163:Separation of church and state 20061:Collectivism and individualism 20016:The Origins of Totalitarianism 17950:Socially necessary labour time 15100:Organizational self-management 12879:(2nd ed.). Indianapolis: 12693:. Cambridge University Press. 12449:Studies in Critical Philosophy 11764:A History of Marxian Economics 11348:A History of Marxian Economics 11329:A History of Marxian Economics 11226:University of California Press 11070:A History of Marxian Economics 10031:Beamish, Rob (18 March 1998). 9984:University of California Press 9980:Marxism and Literary Criticism 9368:Ford, Derek R. (August 2014). 8847:Malott, Curry (16 July 2021). 8700:Xiaogang, Wu (May–June 2009). 8675:Foundations of Critical Theory 8547:Johns Hopkins University Press 8005:Humanities Press International 7980:"VIII. 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New Haven, CT / London: 11946:Ludwig von Mises Institute 11790:Ludwig von Mises Institute 11768:Princeton University Press 11738:von Bortkiewicz, Ladislaus 11722:von Bortkiewicz, Ladislaus 11705:Cambridge University Press 11657:W. W. Norton & Company 11495:"Science as Falsification" 11352:Princeton University Press 11333:Princeton University Press 11124:W. W. Norton & Company 11074:Princeton University Press 11028:. Heinemann. p. 273. 10416:Cambridge University Press 10342:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 10120:. McFarland. p. 109. 9708:10.1007/s42438-021-00238-4 9662:10.1007/s42438-019-00089-0 9387:10.2304/pfie.2014.12.6.784 8729:Encyclopedia of Creativity 7855:The Social Science Journal 7848:Niemi, William L. (2011). 6915:Cambridge University Press 6005:Cambridge University Press 6003:(2nd ed.). New York: 5817:Friedrich Ebert Foundation 5479: 5442:The Poverty of Historicism 5404: 5355: 5349: 5154:People's Republic of China 5099: 5090:primary stage of socialism 5065:, which first began under 5056:People's Republic of China 4972: 4797: 4697:of the working class, the 4670: 4661: 4517: 4367:Marxist literary criticism 4364: 4172: 4052: 3947: 3905: 3856: 3788: 3602: 3596: 3552: 3541: 3538:Marxist schools of thought 3535: 3436:Marxist schools of thought 3222:greater than the worker's 3113: 3107: 2977: 2707: 2697: 2691: 2597:economically unsustainable 214:Dialectic of Enlightenment 61: 20198: 20048: 19817: 19465: 19198: 19078: 18997: 18909: 18900: 18766: 18600: 18529: 18358: 18302: 18199: 18141: 18053:People's democratic state 18038:General line of the party 17993: 17829: 17761:Revolutionary spontaneity 17625: 17569:Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe 17552: 17454: 17409: 17353:Theories of Surplus Value 17306:The Poverty of Philosophy 17229: 17190: 17183: 17115: 17082: 17056: 17048:Young European Socialists 17011: 16626: 16583: 16396: 16385: 16285: 16175: 16124: 16101: 16033: 15554: 15346:William Batchelder Greene 15281:Francisco Largo Caballero 15210: 15171: 15147: 15138: 15017: 14807: 14679: 14634: 14461: 14297: 14156: 14143: 14069: 13944: 13913: 13871: 13793: 13415: 13364: 13326: 13262: 13221: 13095: 13055: 13050:Links to related articles 13019:Resources in your library 12669:Stanford University Press 12519:. Garden City, New York: 12433:Marxists Internet Archive 11621:Marxists Internet Archive 11249:Jameson, Fredric (2002). 11094:. Routledge. p. 49. 11001:Weidenfeld & Nicolson 10949:Marxists Internet Archive 10804:Columbia University Press 10397:Marxists Internet Archive 10338:Franke, Wolfgang (1970). 10325:Marxists Internet Archive 8883:This fist called my heart 8623:Encyclopedia of Sociology 8537:; Simmons, Solon (2014). 8055:Marxists Internet Archive 7984:Marxists Internet Archive 7963:10.1080/08935690009358994 7645:Marxists Internet Archive 7526:Marxists Internet Archive 7461:Marxists Internet Archive 7435:Marxists Internet Archive 7383:"Letter to Franz Mehring" 7355:McCarney, Joseph (2005). 7258:Marxists Internet Archive 7222:Marxists Internet Archive 7142:Marxists Internet Archive 7110:A Dictionary of Sociology 6892:Marxists Internet Archive 6683:Marxists Internet Archive 6382:10.1080/02698590701498126 6275:10.1080/15295038409360014 6185:Wayne, Mike, ed. 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Norton and Company 11300:Main Currents of Marxism 11192:The Mirror of Production 11049:Ollman, Bertell (1957). 11026:Sociology in Perspective 10697:World Socialist Web Site 10308:Quotes from Mao Tse Tung 10253: 9347:10.1215/17432197-4312940 9265:Rowman & Littlefield 9246:10.1080/0030923990350101 8930:10.1080/0142569970180405 8812:Endogenous growth theory 8292:Government In The Future 7975:Lenin, Vladimir (1906). 7395:International Publishers 6729:"Historical materialism" 6526:Marxist Internet Archive 6487:Publishing. p. 62. 6462:(1859). 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(2023). 8777:. Vol. 2. London: 7945:"Marxism and democracy" 7821:Kuruma, Samezo (1929). 7765:Oxford University Press 7541:"Marxism and the state" 7138:The Communist Manifesto 6818:The Communist Manifesto 6734:Encyclopædia Britannica 6665:. Vol. 5. Moscow: 5626:Influences on Karl Marx 5340:authoritarian socialist 5324:Chinese Communist Party 5314:Chinese Communist Party 5031:Chinese Communist Party 4979:Chinese Communist Party 4750:Neue Rheinische Zeitung 4736:The Communist Manifesto 4704:The Communist Manifesto 4600:dialectical materialist 4294:(CPGB) formed in 1946. 4247:The Communist Manifesto 4228:Engels' short treatise 3926:Vladislav I. Ravdonikas 3914:theoretical development 3894:professors and 5.0% of 3820:dialectical materialism 3655:The Civil War in France 3457:1905 Russian Revolution 2984:Criticism of capitalism 2974:Criticism of capitalism 2967:Otechestvennyje Zapiski 2824:relations of production 2805:base and superstructure 2789:(1845) and the preface 2506:base and superstructure 2311:dialectical materialism 2252:dialectical materialist 1010:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 653:Relations of production 536:Base and superstructure 389:Dialectical materialism 354:The Revolution Betrayed 174:Terrorism and Communism 169:Philosophical Notebooks 124:The Communist Manifesto 20300:Historical materialism 18843: 18793:Clash of civilizations 18779: 18098:Socialist accumulation 17746:Proletarian revolution 17701:Historical materialism 17431:(1845, published 1932) 17340:(1857, published 1939) 17294:(1844, published 1932) 17277:On the Jewish Question 17272:(1843, published 1927) 17211:Das Kapital, Volume II 16603:Evolutionary socialism 15860:José Carlos Mariátegui 15805:E. M. S. Namboodiripad 15790:Martin Luther King Jr. 15471:Luis Emilio Recabarren 15466:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 15401:Alexandre Ledru-Rollin 15090:Labor-time calculation 15055:Decentralized planning 14959:Proletarian revolution 14914:State-owned enterprise 14832:Criticism of socialism 12553:Marx at the Millennium 12242:The Meaning of Marxism 12239:D'Amato, Paul (2006). 12194:. 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Thousand Oaks, CA: 12611:. London / New York: 12607:Agar, Jolyon (2006). 12355:Green, Sally (1981). 12329:Marx's Concept of Man 12222:Yale University Press 12216:The Real Fidel Castro 12172:. 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It uses a 2244:political philosophy 2201:Socialism portal 2177:Communism portal 2046:History of communism 2041:Economic determinism 2026:Criticism of Marxism 2016:Creative destruction 776:Marxism and religion 496:Scientific socialism 399:Philosophy of nature 284:Imagined Communities 149:Dialectics of Nature 20290:Theories of history 20146:Right-wing politics 20026:A Theory of Justice 19996:The Road to Serfdom 19916:The Social Contract 18623:Christian democracy 18176:Transitional demand 18043:National liberation 18028:Enemy of the people 17910:Means of production 17671:Bourgeois socialism 17656:Bourgeois democracy 17428:The German Ideology 17299:Theses on Feuerbach 17284:Notes on James Mill 16893:Liebknecht (father) 16369:Revolutions of 1848 15965:George Bernard Shaw 15880:François Mitterrand 15795:Alexandra Kollontai 15775:Jayaprakash Narayan 15456:Constantin Pecqueur 15276:Philippe Buonarroti 15231:John Goodwyn Barmby 15130:Workplace democracy 15040:Calculation in kind 15030:Anarchist economics 14979:Socialist economics 14877:Equality of outcome 14817:Anarchist economics 14529:Ho Chi Minh Thought 14446:Orthodox Trotskyism 14402:Libertarian Marxism 14397:Left-libertarianism 14041:Socialist economics 13957:Anti anti-communism 13886:Red flag (politics) 13351:Third International 13341:First International 13168:Market abolitionism 13113:Class consciousness 12907:Robinson, Cedric J. 12834:Marxism: An Autopsy 12270:Kiernan, V. 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The 3325:The German Ideology 3283:to the proletariat. 3250:class consciousness 3041:means of production 2905:Primitive communism 2851:social organisation 2820:means of production 2786:The German Ideology 2643:was popularised by 2538:means of production 2498:economic activities 1933:Capital & Class 613:False consciousness 561:Commodity fetishism 551:Class consciousness 469:Means of production 304:The Age of Extremes 224:The Long Revolution 159:What Is to Be Done? 119:The German Ideology 29:Page version status 20295:Types of socialism 20158:Political violence 20153:Political theology 20136:Left-wing politics 20131:Political spectrum 18289:Social imperialism 18113:Social imperialism 17985:Worker cooperative 17925:Production for use 17915:Mode of production 17766:Revolutionary wave 17731:Petite bourgeoisie 17641:Barracks communism 17545:(1896, posthumous) 17238:Scorpion and Felix 17222:(1894, posthumous) 17214:(1885, posthumous) 17107:Types of socialism 17096:The Internationale 16528:Social corporatism 16379:Welfare capitalism 16147:Marxist philosophy 16064:Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu 15890:Gamal Abdel Nasser 15845:Alasdair MacIntyre 15620:Simone de Beauvoir 15391:Ferdinand Lassalle 15158:Tommaso Campanella 15105:Production for use 15065:Economic democracy 14934:Mode of production 14924:Left-wing politics 14903:The Internationale 14591:Xi Jinping Thought 14061:Worker cooperative 14019:National communism 13992:Left-wing politics 13897:The Internationale 13249:Economic democracy 12951:Screpanti, Ernesto 12871:David R. 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Adorno 4580: 4579: 4572: 4471: 4470: 4463: 4445: 4061:political economy 4055:Marxian economics 3954:Marxist sociology 3867:Marxist geography 3767:Ernesto Screpanti 3739:Raya Dunayevskaya 3723:social anarchists 3683:council communism 3555:Classical Marxism 3505:liberal democracy 3331:political economy 3313:Without defining 3230:Lumpenproletariat 3188: 3187: 3180: 3120:Classless society 3035:feature of every 2832:dominant ideology 2593:Marxian economics 2578:socialist economy 2523:social revolution 2468: 2467: 2460: 2382:political economy 2378:political science 2318:school of thought 2299:classical Marxism 2237: 2236: 2078:Political ecology 2056:Marxian economics 995:Council communism 963: 962: 890:Neue Marx-Lektüre 852:Regulation school 741:Cultural analysis 633:Lumpenproletariat 576:Cultural hegemony 566:Communist society 556:Classless society 491:Productive forces 229:Guerrilla Warfare 102:Theoretical works 47:19 September 2024 26: 16:(Redirected from 20307: 20280:Social democracy 20126:Political ethics 20116:Machiavellianism 20056:Authoritarianism 20041: 20031: 20021: 20011: 20001: 19991: 19981: 19971: 19961: 19951: 19941: 19931: 19921: 19911: 19901: 19891: 19881: 19871: 19861: 19851: 19841: 19831: 18907: 18906: 18848: 18784: 18774:Balance of power 18748:Social democracy 18743:Social Darwinism 18718:Multiculturalism 18663:Environmentalism 18638:Communitarianism 18345: 18338: 18331: 18322: 18321: 18294:Struggle session 18214:Anti-revisionism 18191:World revolution 18118:Soviet democracy 18003:Anti-revisionism 17995:Marxist–Leninist 17965:Subject of labor 17895:Free association 17838: 17821:World revolution 17811:Workers' control 17806:Workers' council 17791:Two-stage theory 17634: 17614: 17607: 17600: 17591: 17590: 17188: 17187: 17177:Friedrich Engels 17165: 17158: 17151: 17142: 17141: 17130:Socialism portal 17120:Economics portal 17016: 16898:Liebknecht (son) 16663:Batlle y Ordóñez 16631: 16586: 16461:Internationalism 16441:Environmentalism 16391: 16290: 16280: 16278:Social democracy 16270: 16263: 16256: 16247: 16246: 16233: 16232: 16221: 16220: 16219: 16209: 16208: 16195: 16194: 16183: 16182: 16084:Yanis Varoufakis 16037: 15950:Jean-Paul Sartre 15935:Bertrand Russell 15910:Sylvia Pankhurst 15895:Jawaharlal Nehru 15765:Dolores Ibárruri 15730:Einar Gerhardsen 15710:Alexander Dubček 15660:Nikolai Bukharin 15570:Salvador Allende 15558: 15541:Wilhelm Weitling 15526:Suzanne Voilquin 15511:William Thompson 15501:Lysander Spooner 15461:Georgi Plekhanov 15451:Giovanni Pascoli 15416:Errico Malatesta 15411:Helen Macfarlane 15356:Alexander Herzen 15331:Friedrich Engels 15326:Prosper Enfantin 15321:W. E. B. Du Bois 15291:Edward Carpenter 15251:Eduard Bernstein 15214: 15197:Sylvain Maréchal 15175: 15151: 15145: 15144: 15110:Public ownership 15060:Direct democracy 15045:Common ownership 15009:Workers' council 14994:State capitalism 14909:Internationalism 14842:Critique of work 14822:Anti-revisionism 14504:Marxism–Leninism 14338:Left-wing market 14295: 14294: 14255:Social democracy 14138: 14128: 14121: 14114: 14105: 14104: 14091: 14090: 14079: 14078: 14077: 13982:Internationalism 13972:Communitarianism 13336:Communist League 13239:Common ownership 13208:World revolution 13158:Free association 13082: 13075: 13068: 13059: 13058: 13046: 13045: 12994: 12968: 12946: 12928: 12902: 12863:Prychitko, David 12858: 12824: 12798: 12730: 12704: 12682: 12667:. Stanford, CA: 12666: 12657:Dahrendorf, Ralf 12652: 12626: 12595: 12583: 12569: 12567: 12565: 12539: 12537: 12535: 12518: 12504: 12502: 12500: 12474: 12472: 12470: 12441:Marcuse, Herbert 12436: 12430: 12428: 12406: 12390: 12370: 12351: 12349: 12347: 12332: 12318: 12295: 12280:(2nd ed.). 12260: 12235: 12219: 12205: 12183: 12166:Callinicos, Alex 12161: 12145: 12112: 12111: 12083: 12077: 12076: 12051: 12045: 12044: 12042: 12040: 12022: 11981: 11975: 11974: 11972: 11970: 11964: 11943: 11933: 11927: 11926: 11899: 11893: 11892: 11881:Zamagni, Stefano 11873: 11867: 11866: 11865: 11854: 11848: 11847: 11845: 11843: 11812: 11806: 11805: 11803: 11801: 11778: 11772: 11771: 11759: 11753: 11749: 11733: 11715: 11709: 11708: 11693: 11687: 11686: 11680: 11678: 11643: 11637: 11636: 11635: 11633: 11604:Bakunin, Mikhail 11600: 11594: 11593: 11571: 11565: 11564: 11558: 11556: 11535:Psychology Press 11521: 11515: 11514: 11512: 11510: 11487: 11481: 11480: 11470: 11436: 11430: 11429: 11427: 11425: 11406: 11400: 11394: 11388: 11387: 11362: 11356: 11355: 11343: 11337: 11336: 11324: 11318: 11317: 11295: 11289: 11288: 11282: 11280: 11246: 11240: 11239: 11217: 11211: 11210: 11183: 11177: 11171: 11165: 11164: 11144: 11138: 11137: 11112: 11106: 11105: 11084: 11078: 11077: 11065: 11059: 11058: 11057:. pp. 1, 6. 11046: 11040: 11039: 11021: 11015: 11014: 10992: 10986: 10985: 10983: 10981: 10959: 10953: 10952: 10946: 10944: 10920: 10914: 10913: 10911: 10909: 10890: 10884: 10883: 10881: 10879: 10857: 10851: 10850: 10848: 10846: 10824: 10818: 10817: 10795: 10789: 10788: 10776: 10770: 10769: 10767: 10765: 10750: 10744: 10743: 10741: 10739: 10730:. Archived from 10719: 10713: 10712: 10710: 10708: 10689: 10683: 10682: 10680: 10678: 10659: 10653: 10652: 10639:The New Republic 10630: 10624: 10623: 10621: 10619: 10600: 10594: 10590: 10585:. Archived from 10578: 10577:on 3 April 2008. 10573:. Archived from 10566: 10561:. Archived from 10552: 10546: 10545: 10543: 10541: 10520: 10514: 10513: 10511: 10509: 10504:. 9 October 2007 10492: 10486: 10480: 10474: 10468: 10462: 10461: 10459: 10457: 10436: 10430: 10429: 10407: 10401: 10400: 10394: 10392: 10371: 10365: 10364: 10359:. Archived from 10350: 10344: 10343: 10335: 10329: 10328: 10322: 10320: 10299: 10293: 10292: 10270: 10264: 10263: 10249: 10243: 10242: 10213: 10207: 10206: 10186: 10180: 10179: 10155: 10149: 10148: 10138: 10132: 10131: 10111: 10105: 10104: 10087:Engels Revisited 10082: 10076: 10075: 10053: 10047: 10046: 10028: 10022: 10021: 9998:Marcuse, Herbert 9994: 9988: 9987: 9972: 9966: 9965: 9940: 9934: 9933: 9921: 9915: 9914: 9913:on 10 June 2023. 9909:. Archived from 9892: 9886: 9885: 9851: 9845: 9844: 9820: 9814: 9813: 9789: 9783: 9782: 9759: 9753: 9752: 9726: 9720: 9719: 9691: 9685: 9684: 9674: 9664: 9640: 9634: 9633: 9623: 9597: 9591: 9590: 9556: 9550: 9549: 9519: 9513: 9512: 9510: 9500: 9476: 9470: 9469: 9467: 9465: 9435: 9429: 9428: 9406: 9400: 9399: 9389: 9365: 9359: 9358: 9330: 9324: 9323: 9293: 9287: 9286: 9256: 9250: 9249: 9224: 9218: 9217: 9187: 9181: 9180: 9160: 9154: 9153: 9123: 9117: 9116: 9088: 9082: 9081: 9051: 9045: 9044: 9027:(sup1): 98–114. 9014: 9008: 9007: 8981: 8975: 8974: 8940: 8934: 8933: 8911: 8905: 8904: 8875: 8869: 8868: 8866: 8864: 8844: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8806: 8800: 8799: 8797: 8795: 8765: 8759: 8758: 8724: 8718: 8717: 8716:on 2 April 2015. 8697: 8691: 8690: 8671:Fuchs, Christian 8667: 8661: 8660: 8655:. Archived from 8649: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8638: 8615: 8609: 8603: 8597: 8591: 8585: 8584: 8578: 8576: 8531: 8525: 8519: 8513: 8512: 8510: 8508: 8488: 8482: 8481:, pp. 1–48. 8476: 8470: 8460: 8454: 8453: 8451: 8449: 8429: 8423: 8422: 8417: 8415: 8392: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8381: 8366: 8360: 8359: 8351: 8345: 8344: 8327: 8325: 8307: 8301: 8300: 8283: 8277: 8276: 8274: 8272: 8243: 8237: 8236: 8211: 8205: 8204: 8202: 8200: 8181: 8175: 8174: 8141: 8135: 8134: 8112: 8106: 8105: 8095: 8093: 8065: 8059: 8058: 8052: 8050: 8025: 8019: 8018: 7993: 7987: 7973: 7967: 7966: 7937: 7931: 7930: 7906:Political Theory 7896: 7890: 7889: 7878: 7872: 7871: 7845: 7839: 7838: 7818: 7812: 7806: 7800: 7790: 7789:on 1 April 2022. 7785:. Archived from 7750: 7744: 7743: 7716:. p. 1776. 7702: 7696: 7695: 7689: 7687: 7655: 7649: 7648: 7642: 7640: 7615: 7609: 7608: 7603:. Archived from 7587: 7581: 7580: 7575:. Archived from 7561: 7555: 7554: 7549:. Archived from 7546:Socialist Appeal 7536: 7530: 7529: 7510: 7504: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7483: 7477: 7471: 7465: 7464: 7445: 7439: 7438: 7432: 7430: 7409: 7403: 7402: 7397:. Archived from 7389:. Translated by 7375: 7369: 7368: 7363:. Archived from 7352: 7346: 7345: 7319: 7313: 7312: 7306: 7304: 7289: 7268: 7262: 7261: 7255: 7253: 7232: 7226: 7225: 7219: 7217: 7196: 7190: 7189: 7164: 7158: 7157: 7155: 7153: 7126: 7113: 7106: 7100: 7099: 7074: 7068: 7062: 7056: 7050: 7044: 7038: 7032: 7031: 7014: 7008: 7007: 6977: 6968: 6962: 6956: 6950: 6944: 6943:Quote at p. 493. 6942: 6913:(4). Cambridge: 6902: 6896: 6895: 6889: 6887: 6860: 6854: 6853: 6852: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6797: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6757: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6746: 6727:, eds. (2020) . 6723:Chambre, Henri; 6720: 6714: 6713: 6693: 6687: 6686: 6680: 6678: 6649: 6643: 6637: 6631: 6630: 6617:Penguin Classics 6603: 6597: 6591: 6585: 6579: 6568: 6567:, p. 18–19. 6562: 6553: 6552: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6508: 6499: 6498: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6456: 6445: 6444: 6415: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6359: 6353: 6352: 6307: 6301: 6300: 6289:Alvarado, Manuel 6285: 6279: 6278: 6256: 6250: 6249: 6234: 6228: 6227: 6201: 6195: 6194: 6182: 6176: 6175: 6149: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6138: 6129:. Archived from 6105: 6099: 6098: 6086: 6080: 6079: 6064: 6058: 6057: 6033: 6027: 6026: 5991: 5985: 5984: 5962: 5956: 5955: 5917: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5906: 5868:Callinicos, Alex 5860: 5854: 5853: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5806: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5784: 5782: 5766: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5746:. Archived from 5734: 5728: 5727: 5703: 5694:Resnick, Stephen 5686: 5614: 5612:Communism portal 5609: 5608: 5607: 5564:Ludwig von Mises 5470:pseudoscientific 5401:is one example. 5399:Frankfurt School 5257:in Ecuador, and 5205:social democracy 5177:Marxist–Leninist 5131:July 26 Movement 5123:Cuban Revolution 5063:De-Stalinisation 5013: 4975:Anti-revisionism 4955:Right Opposition 4931:Marxism–Leninism 4895:soviet democracy 4856: 4833: 4808:Marxism–Leninism 4788:Marxist feminism 4754:, a politically 4753: 4716: 4677:Friedrich Engels 4656:Raymond Williams 4648:Jacques Rancière 4608:Mikhail Lifshitz 4590:. It involves a 4575: 4568: 4564: 4561: 4555: 4532: 4524: 4466: 4459: 4455: 4452: 4446: 4444: 4403: 4379: 4371: 4299:Christopher Hill 4212: 4205:Friedrich Engels 4139:Marvin Gettleman 4085:economic systems 4069:Friedrich Engels 4037:states, such as 4027:Frankfurt School 4019:Antonio Labriola 3938:V. Gordon Childe 3880:V. Gordon Childe 3791:Marxist humanism 3779:Yanis Varoufakis 3651: 3642:Friedrich Engels 3634:social democrats 3623:Marxism–Leninism 3588: 3565:Friedrich Engels 3514:Soviet democracy 3428:orthodox Marxist 3381:common ownership 3361:common ownership 3351: 3183: 3176: 3172: 3169: 3163: 3140: 3132: 2969: 2963: 2939:evolve into the 2770: 2768: 2748: 2722:People's history 2661:Eduard Bernstein 2650:orthodox Marxist 2601:living standards 2586:Friedrich Engels 2570:private property 2494:social phenomena 2486:Friedrich Engels 2463: 2456: 2452: 2449: 2443: 2420: 2412: 2338:cultural studies 2276:Friedrich Engels 2229: 2222: 2215: 2199: 2198: 2187: 2186: 2185: 2175: 2174: 2173: 2152:Workers' council 1973:Race & Class 880:Frankfurt School 847:Neo-Gramscianism 820:Marxism–Leninism 802: 801: 746:Cultural Studies 703:World revolution 648:Private property 194:Prison Notebooks 94: 71: 70: 64:Marxism–Leninism 21: 20315: 20314: 20310: 20309: 20308: 20306: 20305: 20304: 20285:Social theories 20220: 20219: 20218: 20213: 20212: 20207: 20194: 20183:Totalitarianism 20044: 20039: 20029: 20019: 20009: 19999: 19989: 19979: 19969: 19959: 19949: 19939: 19929: 19919: 19909: 19899: 19889: 19879: 19869: 19859: 19856:Treatise on Law 19849: 19839: 19829: 19809: 19467: 19461: 19200: 19194: 19080: 19074: 18993: 18896: 18882:State of nature 18877:Social contract 18857:Ordered liberty 18845:Noblesse oblige 18762: 18596: 18525: 18354: 18349: 18319: 18314: 18298: 18195: 18137: 17989: 17832: 17831: 17825: 17816:World communism 17686:Commodification 17628: 17627: 17621: 17618: 17588: 17583: 17548: 17450: 17420:The Holy Family 17411: 17401: 17225: 17179: 17169: 17139: 17134: 17125:Politics portal 17111: 17078: 17052: 17012: 17007: 16627: 16622: 16584: 16579: 16543:Socialist state 16486:Nationalization 16404:Civil liberties 16392: 16383: 16286: 16281: 16276: 16274: 16244: 16239: 16227: 16217: 16215: 16203: 16171: 16120: 16093: 16029: 15955:Arthur Scargill 15925:Pierre Renaudel 15745:Antonio Gramsci 15725:Muammar Gaddafi 15720:Faiz Ahmad Faiz 15715:Albert Einstein 15655:Aristide Briand 15645:Murray Bookchin 15640:Grace Lee Boggs 15625:Walter Benjamin 15595:Chiang Kai-shek 15575:Inejirō Asanuma 15550: 15521:Benjamin Tucker 15381:Peter Kropotkin 15361:Thomas Hodgskin 15336:Charles Fourier 15316:Théodore Dézamy 15266:Philippe Buchez 15226:Mikhail Bakunin 15206: 15182:Gracchus Babeuf 15167: 15134: 15115:Social dividend 15013: 14989:Socialist state 14954:Post-capitalism 14949:Planned economy 14944:Nationalization 14809: 14799: 14675: 14630: 14465: 14457: 14355:Insurrectionary 14301: 14293: 14159: 14152: 14139: 14134: 14132: 14102: 14097: 14085: 14075: 14073: 14065: 13940: 13909: 13867: 13789: 13411: 13360: 13322: 13258: 13229:Planned economy 13217: 13203:World communism 13178:Labour movement 13138:Communist state 13128:Communist party 13103:Anti-capitalism 13091: 13086: 13051: 13030: 13029: 13028: 13013: 13012: 13008: 13001: 12991: 12973:Sheehan, Helena 12965: 12925: 12891: 12821: 12809:. Basingstoke: 12803:McLellan, David 12775: 12727: 12701: 12679: 12649: 12631:Avineri, Shlomo 12623: 12603: 12601:Further reading 12598: 12592: 12563: 12561: 12533: 12531: 12498: 12496: 12468: 12466: 12459: 12426: 12424: 12411:Lenin, Vladimir 12403:Lexington Books 12367: 12345: 12343: 12341: 12315: 12292: 12274:Miliband, Ralph 12257: 12247:Haymarket Books 12232: 12202: 12180: 12142: 12121: 12116: 12115: 12084: 12080: 12073: 12052: 12048: 12038: 12036: 11985:Acemoglu, Daron 11982: 11978: 11968: 11966: 11962: 11956: 11941: 11935: 11934: 11930: 11923: 11900: 11896: 11874: 11870: 11863: 11855: 11851: 11841: 11839: 11832: 11813: 11809: 11799: 11797: 11780: 11779: 11775: 11760: 11756: 11752: 11716: 11712: 11697:Dmitriev, V. K. 11694: 11690: 11676: 11674: 11667: 11644: 11640: 11631: 11629: 11601: 11597: 11572: 11568: 11554: 11552: 11545: 11537:. p. 449. 11522: 11518: 11508: 11506: 11488: 11484: 11437: 11433: 11423: 11421: 11408: 11407: 11403: 11395: 11391: 11383:. p. 252. 11363: 11359: 11344: 11340: 11325: 11321: 11314: 11296: 11292: 11278: 11276: 11269: 11247: 11243: 11236: 11218: 11214: 11207: 11184: 11180: 11174:Callinicos 2010 11172: 11168: 11145: 11141: 11134: 11126:. p. 300. 11113: 11109: 11102: 11085: 11081: 11066: 11062: 11047: 11043: 11036: 11022: 11018: 11011: 11003:. p. 173. 10993: 10989: 10979: 10977: 10960: 10956: 10942: 10940: 10921: 10917: 10907: 10905: 10892: 10891: 10887: 10877: 10875: 10858: 10854: 10844: 10842: 10825: 10821: 10814: 10806:. p. 122. 10796: 10792: 10777: 10773: 10763: 10761: 10752: 10751: 10747: 10737: 10735: 10720: 10716: 10706: 10704: 10691: 10690: 10686: 10676: 10674: 10661: 10660: 10656: 10649: 10631: 10627: 10617: 10615: 10602: 10601: 10597: 10593: 10581: 10569: 10565:on 10 May 2008. 10557: 10553: 10549: 10539: 10537: 10522: 10521: 10517: 10507: 10505: 10494: 10493: 10489: 10481: 10477: 10469: 10465: 10455: 10453: 10438: 10437: 10433: 10426: 10408: 10404: 10390: 10388: 10372: 10368: 10351: 10347: 10336: 10332: 10318: 10316: 10300: 10296: 10289: 10271: 10267: 10255: 10250: 10246: 10239: 10231:. p. 506. 10223:, eds. (1999). 10214: 10210: 10203: 10187: 10183: 10176: 10156: 10152: 10139: 10135: 10128: 10112: 10108: 10101: 10083: 10079: 10054: 10050: 10029: 10025: 10018: 9995: 9991: 9976:Eagleton, Terry 9973: 9969: 9962: 9952:Wiley-Blackwell 9941: 9937: 9922: 9918: 9898:(9 June 2023). 9893: 9889: 9874:10.2307/2707808 9852: 9848: 9841: 9833:. p. 247. 9821: 9817: 9810: 9790: 9786: 9779: 9760: 9756: 9727: 9723: 9692: 9688: 9641: 9637: 9598: 9594: 9557: 9553: 9520: 9516: 9477: 9473: 9463: 9461: 9436: 9432: 9425: 9407: 9403: 9366: 9362: 9331: 9327: 9312: 9294: 9290: 9275: 9257: 9253: 9225: 9221: 9206: 9188: 9184: 9177: 9161: 9157: 9142: 9132:Lexington Books 9124: 9120: 9089: 9085: 9052: 9048: 9015: 9011: 8996: 8982: 8978: 8963: 8941: 8937: 8912: 8908: 8893: 8876: 8872: 8862: 8860: 8845: 8841: 8831: 8829: 8827: 8807: 8803: 8793: 8791: 8789: 8766: 8762: 8747: 8725: 8721: 8698: 8694: 8668: 8664: 8651: 8650: 8646: 8636: 8634: 8617: 8616: 8612: 8604: 8600: 8592: 8588: 8574: 8572: 8565: 8532: 8528: 8520: 8516: 8506: 8504: 8489: 8485: 8477: 8473: 8461: 8457: 8447: 8445: 8430: 8426: 8413: 8411: 8393: 8389: 8379: 8377: 8368: 8367: 8363: 8352: 8348: 8340:Gestalt Therapy 8336:The Empire City 8323: 8321: 8308: 8304: 8284: 8280: 8270: 8268: 8244: 8240: 8233: 8212: 8208: 8198: 8196: 8183: 8182: 8178: 8171: 8145:Gorter, Hermann 8142: 8138: 8113: 8109: 8091: 8089: 8082: 8066: 8062: 8048: 8046: 8026: 8022: 8015: 7994: 7990: 7974: 7970: 7938: 7934: 7897: 7893: 7882:Miliband, Ralph 7879: 7875: 7846: 7842: 7819: 7815: 7807: 7803: 7797:Wayback Machine 7783: 7751: 7747: 7732: 7703: 7699: 7685: 7683: 7676: 7656: 7652: 7638: 7636: 7616: 7612: 7588: 7584: 7579:on 3 June 2024. 7562: 7558: 7553:on 6 June 2023. 7537: 7533: 7511: 7507: 7497: 7495: 7484: 7480: 7472: 7468: 7447: 7446: 7442: 7428: 7426: 7410: 7406: 7376: 7372: 7353: 7349: 7342: 7320: 7316: 7302: 7300: 7298: 7269: 7265: 7251: 7249: 7233: 7229: 7215: 7213: 7197: 7193: 7186: 7165: 7161: 7151: 7149: 7127: 7116: 7107: 7103: 7096: 7075: 7071: 7065:Callinicos 2010 7063: 7059: 7053:Callinicos 2010 7051: 7047: 7041:Callinicos 2010 7039: 7035: 7015: 7011: 6978: 6971: 6963: 6959: 6951: 6947: 6923:10.2307/2009334 6903: 6899: 6885: 6883: 6861: 6857: 6850: 6842: 6838: 6828: 6826: 6798: 6794: 6784: 6782: 6758: 6754: 6744: 6742: 6721: 6717: 6694: 6690: 6676: 6674: 6650: 6646: 6638: 6634: 6627: 6619:. p. 265. 6604: 6600: 6592: 6588: 6580: 6571: 6563: 6556: 6537: 6533: 6514:(Spring 1880). 6509: 6502: 6495: 6477: 6473: 6457: 6448: 6441: 6427:Wiley-Blackwell 6416: 6409: 6399: 6397: 6360: 6356: 6341: 6308: 6304: 6286: 6282: 6257: 6253: 6238:Eagleton, Terry 6235: 6231: 6216: 6202: 6198: 6183: 6179: 6164: 6150: 6146: 6136: 6134: 6111:(16 May 2013). 6106: 6102: 6087: 6083: 6068:Dworkin, Dennis 6065: 6061: 6054: 6034: 6030: 6023: 6007:. p. 337. 5992: 5988: 5963: 5959: 5918: 5914: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5876:Pradella, Lucia 5864:Pradella, Lucia 5861: 5857: 5846: 5838:. p. 107. 5828: 5824: 5804: 5798: 5794: 5780: 5778: 5768: 5767: 5763: 5753: 5751: 5750:on 16 July 2022 5736: 5735: 5731: 5720: 5687: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5610: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5519: 5499:Mikhail Bakunin 5488: 5480:Main articles: 5478: 5455:criticised the 5433: 5407: 5379:Alex Callinicos 5364: 5354: 5348: 5283:Santiago Zabala 5221: 5104: 5098: 5073:, were seen as 5015: 5010:Little Red Book 5002: 4993: 4973:Main articles: 4971: 4959:Left Opposition 4891:socialist state 4875: 4874: 4873: 4872: 4871: 4857: 4849: 4848: 4845:Bolshevik party 4834: 4823: 4818: 4798:Main articles: 4796: 4784:feminist theory 4720:The Holy Family 4685:Marx and Engels 4679: 4671:Main articles: 4669: 4664: 4644:Louis Althusser 4632:Antonio Gramsci 4628:Walter Benjamin 4624:Herbert Marcuse 4576: 4565: 4559: 4556: 4545: 4533: 4522: 4516: 4508:Fredric Jameson 4500:Walter Benjamin 4496:Mikhail Bakhtin 4467: 4456: 4450: 4447: 4404: 4402: 4392: 4380: 4369: 4363: 4177: 4171: 4117: 4077:surplus product 4057: 4051: 4031:critical theory 4023:Western Marxist 4007:early sociology 3964:conflict theory 3956: 3948:Main articles: 3946: 3910: 3904: 3873: 3855: 3843:natural science 3832:Louis Althusser 3793: 3787: 3759:Anton Pannekoek 3727:Maurice Brinton 3693:, parts of the 3607: 3601: 3595: 3557: 3551: 3546: 3540: 3534: 3497:workers council 3481: 3398: 3353: 3345: 3184: 3173: 3167: 3164: 3153: 3141: 3130: 3112: 3106: 3061:surplus labour, 3027:is a matter of 2986: 2980:Anti-capitalism 2976: 2961:marche générale 2774:Marxism uses a 2771: 2757: 2750: 2742: 2728: 2706: 2696: 2690: 2637: 2609:social benefits 2464: 2453: 2447: 2444: 2437: 2433:primary sources 2421: 2410: 2390:science studies 2303:social theories 2264:social conflict 2233: 2193: 2183: 2181: 2171: 2169: 2157: 2156: 2130:Universal class 2021:Conflict theory 2001: 1993: 1992: 1968:New Left Review 1923: 1915: 1914: 1055: 1045: 1044: 975: 965: 964: 875:Budapest School 799: 798:Common variants 791: 790: 721: 713: 712: 678: 668: 667: 571:Critical theory 531: 521: 520: 501:Surplus product 429: 419: 418: 379: 369: 368: 239:Reading Capital 104: 67: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 20313: 20303: 20302: 20297: 20292: 20287: 20282: 20277: 20272: 20267: 20262: 20257: 20252: 20247: 20242: 20237: 20232: 20215: 20214: 20209: 20208: 20206: 20205: 20199: 20196: 20195: 20193: 20192: 20185: 20180: 20175: 20173:Social justice 20170: 20165: 20160: 20155: 20150: 20149: 20148: 20143: 20138: 20128: 20123: 20118: 20113: 20108: 20103: 20098: 20093: 20088: 20083: 20081:Egalitarianism 20078: 20073: 20071:Contractualism 20068: 20063: 20058: 20052: 20050: 20046: 20045: 20043: 20042: 20032: 20022: 20012: 20002: 19992: 19982: 19972: 19962: 19952: 19942: 19932: 19922: 19912: 19902: 19892: 19882: 19872: 19862: 19852: 19842: 19832: 19821: 19819: 19815: 19814: 19811: 19810: 19808: 19807: 19802: 19797: 19792: 19787: 19782: 19777: 19772: 19767: 19762: 19757: 19752: 19747: 19742: 19737: 19732: 19727: 19722: 19717: 19712: 19707: 19702: 19697: 19692: 19687: 19682: 19677: 19672: 19667: 19662: 19657: 19652: 19647: 19642: 19637: 19632: 19627: 19622: 19617: 19612: 19607: 19602: 19597: 19592: 19587: 19582: 19577: 19572: 19567: 19562: 19557: 19552: 19547: 19542: 19537: 19532: 19527: 19522: 19517: 19512: 19507: 19502: 19497: 19492: 19487: 19482: 19477: 19471: 19469: 19463: 19462: 19460: 19459: 19454: 19449: 19444: 19439: 19434: 19429: 19424: 19419: 19414: 19409: 19404: 19399: 19394: 19389: 19384: 19379: 19374: 19369: 19364: 19359: 19354: 19349: 19344: 19339: 19338: 19337: 19327: 19322: 19321: 19320: 19310: 19305: 19300: 19295: 19290: 19285: 19280: 19275: 19270: 19265: 19260: 19255: 19250: 19245: 19240: 19235: 19230: 19225: 19220: 19215: 19210: 19204: 19202: 19196: 19195: 19193: 19192: 19187: 19182: 19177: 19172: 19167: 19162: 19157: 19152: 19147: 19142: 19137: 19136: 19135: 19125: 19120: 19115: 19110: 19105: 19100: 19095: 19090: 19084: 19082: 19076: 19075: 19073: 19072: 19067: 19062: 19057: 19052: 19047: 19042: 19037: 19032: 19027: 19022: 19017: 19012: 19007: 19001: 18999: 18995: 18994: 18992: 18991: 18986: 18981: 18976: 18971: 18966: 18965: 18964: 18954: 18949: 18944: 18939: 18934: 18929: 18924: 18919: 18913: 18911: 18904: 18898: 18897: 18895: 18894: 18889: 18884: 18879: 18874: 18869: 18867:Overton window 18864: 18859: 18854: 18849: 18840: 18835: 18830: 18825: 18820: 18815: 18810: 18805: 18800: 18795: 18790: 18785: 18776: 18770: 18768: 18764: 18763: 18761: 18760: 18755: 18750: 18745: 18740: 18735: 18730: 18725: 18720: 18715: 18710: 18705: 18700: 18698:Libertarianism 18695: 18690: 18685: 18680: 18675: 18670: 18665: 18660: 18655: 18650: 18645: 18640: 18635: 18630: 18625: 18620: 18615: 18610: 18604: 18602: 18598: 18597: 18595: 18594: 18589: 18584: 18579: 18574: 18569: 18564: 18559: 18554: 18549: 18544: 18539: 18533: 18531: 18527: 18526: 18524: 18523: 18518: 18513: 18508: 18503: 18498: 18493: 18488: 18483: 18478: 18473: 18468: 18463: 18458: 18453: 18448: 18443: 18438: 18433: 18428: 18423: 18418: 18413: 18408: 18403: 18398: 18393: 18388: 18383: 18378: 18373: 18368: 18362: 18360: 18356: 18355: 18348: 18347: 18340: 18333: 18325: 18316: 18315: 18313: 18312: 18306: 18304: 18300: 18299: 18297: 18296: 18291: 18286: 18281: 18276: 18271: 18266: 18261: 18256: 18251: 18246: 18241: 18236: 18231: 18226: 18221: 18216: 18211: 18205: 18203: 18197: 18196: 18194: 18193: 18188: 18183: 18178: 18173: 18168: 18163: 18158: 18153: 18147: 18145: 18139: 18138: 18136: 18135: 18130: 18125: 18120: 18115: 18110: 18108:Social fascism 18105: 18100: 18095: 18093:Self-criticism 18090: 18085: 18080: 18075: 18073:Real socialism 18070: 18065: 18060: 18055: 18050: 18045: 18040: 18035: 18030: 18025: 18020: 18015: 18010: 18005: 17999: 17997: 17991: 17990: 17988: 17987: 17982: 17977: 17972: 17967: 17962: 17957: 17952: 17947: 17942: 17937: 17932: 17927: 17922: 17917: 17912: 17907: 17902: 17897: 17892: 17890:Exchange value 17887: 17882: 17877: 17872: 17867: 17862: 17857: 17852: 17847: 17841: 17839: 17827: 17826: 17824: 17823: 17818: 17813: 17808: 17803: 17798: 17793: 17788: 17783: 17778: 17773: 17768: 17763: 17758: 17753: 17751:Pure communism 17748: 17743: 17738: 17733: 17728: 17726:Metabolic rift 17723: 17721:Means of labor 17718: 17713: 17711:Liquidationism 17708: 17703: 17698: 17693: 17688: 17683: 17681:Class struggle 17678: 17673: 17668: 17663: 17658: 17653: 17648: 17643: 17637: 17635: 17623: 17622: 17617: 17616: 17609: 17602: 17594: 17585: 17584: 17582: 17581: 17573: 17565: 17556: 17554: 17550: 17549: 17547: 17546: 17538: 17530: 17522: 17514: 17506: 17498: 17490: 17483: 17475: 17467: 17458: 17456: 17452: 17451: 17449: 17448: 17440: 17432: 17424: 17415: 17413: 17407: 17406: 17403: 17402: 17400: 17399: 17394: 17386: 17378: 17371: 17364: 17357: 17349: 17341: 17333: 17325: 17317: 17310: 17302: 17295: 17287: 17280: 17273: 17265: 17258: 17250: 17242: 17233: 17231: 17227: 17226: 17224: 17223: 17215: 17207: 17198: 17196: 17185: 17181: 17180: 17168: 17167: 17160: 17153: 17145: 17136: 17135: 17133: 17132: 17127: 17122: 17116: 17113: 17112: 17110: 17109: 17104: 17099: 17092: 17086: 17084: 17080: 17079: 17077: 17076: 17071: 17066: 17060: 17058: 17054: 17053: 17051: 17050: 17045: 17040: 17035: 17030: 17025: 17019: 17017: 17009: 17008: 17006: 17005: 17000: 16995: 16990: 16985: 16980: 16975: 16970: 16965: 16960: 16955: 16950: 16945: 16940: 16935: 16930: 16925: 16920: 16915: 16910: 16905: 16900: 16895: 16890: 16885: 16880: 16875: 16870: 16865: 16860: 16855: 16850: 16845: 16840: 16835: 16830: 16825: 16820: 16815: 16810: 16805: 16800: 16795: 16790: 16785: 16780: 16775: 16770: 16765: 16760: 16755: 16750: 16745: 16740: 16735: 16730: 16725: 16720: 16715: 16710: 16705: 16700: 16695: 16690: 16685: 16680: 16675: 16670: 16665: 16660: 16655: 16650: 16645: 16640: 16634: 16632: 16624: 16623: 16621: 16620: 16615: 16610: 16605: 16600: 16595: 16589: 16587: 16581: 16580: 16578: 16577: 16572: 16567: 16562: 16557: 16556: 16555: 16550: 16540: 16535: 16533:Social justice 16530: 16525: 16520: 16515: 16514: 16513: 16508: 16498: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16473: 16468: 16463: 16458: 16453: 16448: 16443: 16438: 16433: 16432: 16431: 16426: 16424:Representative 16421: 16416: 16406: 16400: 16398: 16394: 16393: 16386: 16384: 16382: 16381: 16376: 16371: 16366: 16361: 16356: 16351: 16350: 16349: 16344: 16334: 16332:Labor movement 16329: 16324: 16319: 16314: 16309: 16304: 16299: 16293: 16291: 16283: 16282: 16273: 16272: 16265: 16258: 16250: 16241: 16240: 16238: 16237: 16225: 16213: 16201: 16189: 16176: 16173: 16172: 16170: 16169: 16164: 16159: 16154: 16149: 16144: 16139: 16134: 16128: 16126: 16122: 16121: 16119: 16118: 16113: 16107: 16105: 16099: 16098: 16095: 16094: 16092: 16091: 16086: 16081: 16076: 16071: 16066: 16061: 16056: 16051: 16046: 16044:Pedro Castillo 16040: 16038: 16031: 16030: 16028: 16027: 16022: 16017: 16012: 16007: 16002: 15997: 15992: 15987: 15985:E. P. Thompson 15982: 15977: 15972: 15967: 15962: 15957: 15952: 15947: 15945:Bernie Sanders 15942: 15937: 15932: 15930:B. T. Ranadive 15927: 15922: 15917: 15912: 15907: 15902: 15897: 15892: 15887: 15882: 15877: 15872: 15867: 15865:Adrien Marquet 15862: 15857: 15855:Nelson Mandela 15852: 15847: 15842: 15837: 15835:Rosa Luxemburg 15832: 15827: 15825:Vladimir Lenin 15822: 15817: 15815:Henri Lefebvre 15812: 15807: 15802: 15797: 15792: 15787: 15782: 15780:Russell Jacoby 15777: 15772: 15767: 15762: 15760:Saddam Hussein 15757: 15752: 15747: 15742: 15737: 15732: 15727: 15722: 15717: 15712: 15707: 15702: 15700:Eugene V. Debs 15697: 15692: 15687: 15682: 15677: 15672: 15667: 15662: 15657: 15652: 15650:Bertolt Brecht 15647: 15642: 15637: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15612: 15610:Henri Barbusse 15607: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15585:Clement Attlee 15582: 15580:Hafez al-Assad 15577: 15572: 15567: 15561: 15559: 15552: 15551: 15549: 15548: 15543: 15538: 15533: 15528: 15523: 15518: 15513: 15508: 15506:Fred M. Taylor 15503: 15498: 15493: 15488: 15483: 15478: 15473: 15468: 15463: 15458: 15453: 15448: 15443: 15438: 15436:William Morris 15433: 15428: 15423: 15418: 15413: 15408: 15403: 15398: 15393: 15388: 15383: 15378: 15373: 15368: 15363: 15358: 15353: 15348: 15343: 15338: 15333: 15328: 15323: 15318: 15313: 15308: 15303: 15301:James Connolly 15298: 15293: 15288: 15283: 15278: 15273: 15268: 15263: 15258: 15253: 15248: 15246:Edward Bellamy 15243: 15238: 15233: 15228: 15223: 15217: 15215: 15208: 15207: 15205: 15204: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15187:Victor d'Hupay 15184: 15178: 15176: 15169: 15168: 15166: 15165: 15160: 15154: 15152: 15142: 15136: 15135: 15133: 15132: 15127: 15122: 15117: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15095:Labour voucher 15092: 15087: 15082: 15077: 15072: 15067: 15062: 15057: 15052: 15047: 15042: 15037: 15032: 15027: 15021: 15019: 15015: 15014: 15012: 15011: 15006: 15001: 14996: 14991: 14986: 14981: 14976: 14971: 14966: 14961: 14956: 14951: 14946: 14941: 14936: 14931: 14926: 14921: 14916: 14911: 14906: 14899: 14894: 14889: 14884: 14879: 14874: 14869: 14864: 14862:Egalitarianism 14859: 14854: 14849: 14847:Class struggle 14844: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14813: 14811: 14805: 14804: 14801: 14800: 14798: 14797: 14792: 14787: 14782: 14781: 14780: 14775: 14773:In one country 14765: 14760: 14755: 14750: 14745: 14740: 14739: 14738: 14728: 14727: 14726: 14725: 14724: 14714: 14704: 14699: 14694: 14689: 14683: 14681: 14677: 14676: 14674: 14673: 14668: 14663: 14662: 14661: 14656: 14646: 14640: 14638: 14632: 14631: 14629: 14628: 14627: 14626: 14616: 14615: 14614: 14609: 14608: 14607: 14606: 14605: 14595: 14594: 14593: 14588: 14583: 14578: 14573: 14568: 14558: 14553: 14548: 14541: 14536: 14531: 14526: 14521: 14516: 14511: 14501: 14491: 14486: 14485: 14484: 14473: 14471: 14459: 14458: 14456: 14455: 14450: 14449: 14448: 14443: 14442: 14441: 14436: 14426: 14421: 14416: 14415: 14414: 14407:Left communism 14399: 14394: 14393: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14341: 14340: 14335: 14325: 14320: 14309: 14307: 14292: 14291: 14290: 14289: 14288: 14287: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14242: 14237: 14232: 14227: 14222: 14217: 14216: 14215: 14210: 14200: 14195: 14190: 14185: 14180: 14175: 14170: 14164: 14162: 14154: 14153: 14144: 14141: 14140: 14131: 14130: 14123: 14116: 14108: 14099: 14098: 14096: 14095: 14083: 14070: 14067: 14066: 14064: 14063: 14058: 14053: 14048: 14043: 14038: 14033: 14028: 14027: 14026: 14016: 14011: 14006: 14005: 14004: 13999: 13989: 13984: 13979: 13974: 13969: 13964: 13959: 13954: 13948: 13946: 13945:Related topics 13942: 13941: 13939: 13938: 13933: 13928: 13923: 13921:Anti-communism 13917: 13915: 13911: 13910: 13908: 13907: 13900: 13893: 13888: 13883: 13877: 13875: 13869: 13868: 13866: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13845: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13825: 13824: 13823: 13813: 13808: 13803: 13797: 13795: 13791: 13790: 13788: 13787: 13782: 13777: 13772: 13767: 13762: 13757: 13752: 13747: 13742: 13737: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13717: 13712: 13707: 13702: 13697: 13692: 13687: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13667: 13662: 13657: 13652: 13647: 13642: 13637: 13632: 13627: 13622: 13617: 13612: 13607: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13587: 13582: 13577: 13572: 13567: 13562: 13557: 13552: 13547: 13542: 13537: 13532: 13527: 13522: 13517: 13512: 13507: 13502: 13497: 13492: 13487: 13482: 13477: 13472: 13467: 13462: 13457: 13452: 13447: 13442: 13437: 13432: 13427: 13421: 13419: 13413: 13412: 13410: 13409: 13404: 13399: 13394: 13389: 13384: 13379: 13374: 13368: 13366: 13362: 13361: 13359: 13358: 13353: 13348: 13343: 13338: 13332: 13330: 13324: 13323: 13321: 13320: 13319: 13318: 13308: 13303: 13302: 13301: 13291: 13290: 13289: 13284: 13274: 13268: 13266: 13260: 13259: 13257: 13256: 13251: 13246: 13241: 13236: 13231: 13225: 13223: 13219: 13218: 13216: 13215: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13195: 13190: 13185: 13180: 13175: 13170: 13165: 13160: 13155: 13150: 13145: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13108:Class conflict 13105: 13099: 13097: 13093: 13092: 13085: 13084: 13077: 13070: 13062: 13056: 13053: 13052: 13043: 13042: 13027: 13026: 13021: 13015: 13014: 13003: 13002: 13000: 12999:External links 12997: 12996: 12995: 12990:978-1786634269 12989: 12969: 12963: 12947: 12929: 12924:978-0241514177 12923: 12903: 12890:978-0865976658 12889: 12859: 12825: 12820:978-1403997289 12819: 12799: 12774:978-1412965804 12773: 12757:Cato Institute 12743:Hamowy, Ronald 12731: 12726:978-0393329438 12725: 12705: 12699: 12683: 12678:978-0804705608 12677: 12653: 12647: 12627: 12621: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12596: 12591:978-0521600491 12590: 12570: 12540: 12509:Petrović, Gajo 12505: 12475: 12457: 12437: 12407: 12401:. Lanham, MD: 12395:Kliman, Andrew 12391: 12379:Hobsbawm, Eric 12375:Haupt, Georges 12371: 12366:978-0239002068 12365: 12352: 12340:978-0804461610 12339: 12319: 12314:978-0415436779 12313: 12296: 12291:978-0631164814 12290: 12266:Bottomore, Tom 12261: 12256:978-1931859295 12255: 12236: 12231:978-0300107609 12230: 12206: 12201:978-1416562337 12200: 12184: 12179:978-1905192687 12178: 12162: 12146: 12141:978-0745336145 12140: 12122: 12120: 12117: 12114: 12113: 12078: 12072:978-0674344402 12071: 12065:. p. iv. 12046: 11976: 11955:978-1610164542 11954: 11928: 11922:978-0836981544 11921: 11894: 11868: 11849: 11831:978-1443726467 11830: 11824:. Read Books. 11807: 11773: 11754: 11751: 11750: 11734: 11717: 11710: 11688: 11666:978-0871403544 11665: 11638: 11595: 11584:(2): 207–227. 11566: 11544:978-0415285940 11543: 11516: 11482: 11453:(6): 661–666. 11431: 11401: 11399:, p. 208. 11389: 11380:The New Yorker 11357: 11338: 11319: 11313:978-0393329438 11312: 11290: 11268:978-0791454923 11267: 11241: 11234: 11228:. p. 16. 11212: 11206:978-0914386063 11205: 11178: 11166: 11139: 11133:978-0393001907 11132: 11107: 11101:978-0415285940 11100: 11079: 11060: 11041: 11035:978-0435331603 11034: 11016: 11010:978-0297810803 11009: 10987: 10954: 10915: 10900:. 4 May 2018. 10885: 10852: 10819: 10812: 10790: 10771: 10745: 10714: 10684: 10654: 10648:978-0465098125 10647: 10641:. p. 16. 10625: 10595: 10592: 10591: 10579: 10567: 10554: 10547: 10515: 10487: 10475: 10463: 10431: 10425:978-0521310628 10424: 10402: 10366: 10345: 10330: 10294: 10288:978-0465039906 10287: 10265: 10244: 10238:978-0006863830 10237: 10208: 10201: 10181: 10174: 10150: 10133: 10126: 10106: 10099: 10077: 10066:(3): 479–489. 10048: 10023: 10016: 9989: 9967: 9961:978-0631180821 9960: 9954:. p. 54. 9946:, ed. (1991). 9935: 9928:. Manchester: 9916: 9896:Hobsbawm, Eric 9887: 9846: 9839: 9815: 9808: 9784: 9777: 9754: 9741:Guilford Press 9721: 9702:(3): 851–869. 9686: 9655:(2): 380–396. 9635: 9592: 9573:(5): 452–461. 9551: 9532:(2): 239–257. 9514: 9471: 9440:Suoranta, Juha 9430: 9424:978-8674193303 9423: 9401: 9380:(6): 784–793. 9360: 9325: 9310: 9288: 9273: 9251: 9219: 9204: 9182: 9175: 9155: 9140: 9118: 9099:(3): 305–325. 9083: 9046: 9009: 8994: 8976: 8961: 8935: 8924:(4): 551–574. 8906: 8891: 8879:McLaren, Peter 8870: 8839: 8825: 8801: 8787: 8760: 8745: 8719: 8692: 8662: 8644: 8610: 8598: 8586: 8564:978-1421413358 8563: 8526: 8524:, p. 420. 8514: 8483: 8471: 8455: 8438:The NewsLetter 8424: 8387: 8372:. Libcom.org. 8361: 8346: 8302: 8278: 8238: 8232:978-0230018969 8231: 8206: 8176: 8170:978-0979181368 8169: 8136: 8107: 8081:978-0415088039 8080: 8060: 8020: 8013: 8007:. p. 50. 7997:Mandel, Ernest 7988: 7968: 7957:(1): 112–122. 7941:Wolff, Richard 7932: 7913:(4): 537–556. 7891: 7888:. Aakar Books. 7873: 7840: 7813: 7801: 7782:978-0190695545 7781: 7745: 7730: 7697: 7675:978-0415255837 7674: 7650: 7610: 7600:Monthly Review 7582: 7556: 7531: 7514:Lukács, György 7505: 7478: 7476:, p. 100. 7466: 7449:"Introduction" 7440: 7404: 7370: 7367:on 9 May 2013. 7347: 7340: 7314: 7296: 7263: 7227: 7191: 7184: 7176:Bath, Somerset 7159: 7114: 7108:"Alienation". 7101: 7094: 7078:Wood, Allen W. 7069: 7057: 7045: 7033: 7030:. p. 647. 7009: 6990:(2): 353–369. 6969: 6957: 6945: 6907:World Politics 6897: 6855: 6836: 6792: 6765:"Introduction" 6752: 6715: 6688: 6644: 6632: 6625: 6598: 6586: 6569: 6554: 6531: 6500: 6493: 6471: 6446: 6439: 6407: 6376:(2): 197–210. 6354: 6339: 6302: 6280: 6251: 6229: 6214: 6196: 6177: 6162: 6156:. Peter Lang. 6144: 6100: 6081: 6059: 6052: 6028: 6021: 5986: 5957: 5930:(1): 341–370. 5912: 5898: 5855: 5845:978-0415241878 5844: 5822: 5792: 5775:Dictionary.com 5770:"Radical left" 5761: 5729: 5719:978-0801834806 5718: 5690:Wolff, Richard 5677: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5617: 5616: 5615: 5599: 5596: 5579:Daron Acemoglu 5518: 5515: 5477: 5474: 5439:In his books, 5432: 5429: 5406: 5403: 5350:Main article: 5347: 5344: 5279:Gianni Vattimo 5220: 5217: 5143:Congo-Kinshasa 5097: 5094: 4994: 4970: 4967: 4923:White Movement 4858: 4851: 4850: 4837:Vladimir Lenin 4835: 4828: 4827: 4826: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4795: 4792: 4780:intellectually 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4620:Bertolt Brecht 4612:William Morris 4578: 4577: 4536: 4534: 4527: 4518:Main article: 4515: 4512: 4504:Terry Eagleton 4487:literary works 4469: 4468: 4383: 4381: 4374: 4365:Main article: 4362: 4359: 4355:K. N. Panikkar 4331:anti-Stalinist 4321:C. L. R. James 4270:pre-industrial 4181:historiography 4173:Main article: 4170: 4169:Historiography 4167: 4163: 4162: 4159: 4156: 4153: 4150: 4116: 4113: 4105:business cycle 4089:economic value 4053:Main article: 4050: 4047: 4035:post-communist 4011:Austro-Marxism 4003:Émile Durkheim 3945: 3942: 3906:Main article: 3903: 3900: 3892:social science 3859:Marxist ethics 3854: 3851: 3789:Main article: 3786: 3783: 3775:Raoul Vaneigem 3771:E. P. Thompson 3751:Rosa Luxemburg 3747:C. L. R. James 3707:psychoanalysis 3703:Freudo-Marxism 3664:vanguard party 3619:left communism 3597:Main article: 3594: 3591: 3553:Main article: 3550: 3547: 3536:Main article: 3533: 3530: 3480: 3477: 3465:Rosa Luxemburg 3448:Vladimir Lenin 3397: 3394: 3359:believed that 3337: 3303: 3302: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3284: 3259: 3258: 3257: 3244:, without any 3211:wage labourers 3186: 3185: 3144: 3142: 3135: 3116:Class conflict 3108:Main article: 3105: 3104:Social classes 3102: 3029:surplus labour 2975: 2972: 2955: 2954: 2944: 2926: 2912: 2907:: cooperative 2898:Western Europe 2797:social classes 2755: 2745:Vladimir Lenin 2729: 2718:Historiography 2692:Main article: 2689: 2686: 2636: 2633: 2619:as humanity's 2615:would succeed 2530:class struggle 2466: 2465: 2448:September 2023 2424: 2422: 2415: 2409: 2406: 2398:urban planning 2362:historiography 2284:Marxist theory 2246:and method of 2235: 2234: 2232: 2231: 2224: 2217: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2204: 2203: 2191: 2179: 2167: 2159: 2158: 2155: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2143: 2142: 2135:Vulgar Marxism 2132: 2127: 2122: 2121: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2069: 2068: 2063: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2002: 2000:Related topics 1999: 1998: 1995: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1963:Monthly Review 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1943:Constellations 1940: 1935: 1930: 1924: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1056: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 976: 973:Other variants 971: 970: 967: 966: 961: 960: 959: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 915: 914: 910: 909: 908: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 869: 868: 862: 861: 860: 859: 857:Third-worldist 854: 849: 844: 843: 842: 837: 832: 827: 817: 809: 808: 800: 797: 796: 793: 792: 789: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 766:Historiography 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 722: 719: 718: 715: 714: 711: 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 683:Class struggle 679: 674: 673: 670: 669: 666: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 638:Metabolic rift 635: 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 604: 603: 598: 593: 588: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 532: 527: 526: 523: 522: 519: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 487: 486: 481: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 430: 425: 424: 421: 420: 417: 416: 414:Marxist ethics 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 380: 375: 374: 371: 370: 367: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 259:Ways of Seeing 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 105: 100: 99: 96: 95: 87: 86: 80: 79: 58: 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20312: 20301: 20298: 20296: 20293: 20291: 20288: 20286: 20283: 20281: 20278: 20276: 20273: 20271: 20268: 20266: 20263: 20261: 20258: 20256: 20253: 20251: 20248: 20246: 20243: 20241: 20238: 20236: 20233: 20231: 20228: 20227: 20225: 20204: 20201: 20200: 20197: 20191: 20190: 20186: 20184: 20181: 20179: 20176: 20174: 20171: 20169: 20166: 20164: 20161: 20159: 20156: 20154: 20151: 20147: 20144: 20142: 20139: 20137: 20134: 20133: 20132: 20129: 20127: 20124: 20122: 20119: 20117: 20114: 20112: 20109: 20107: 20106:Jurisprudence 20104: 20102: 20099: 20097: 20094: 20092: 20089: 20087: 20084: 20082: 20079: 20077: 20074: 20072: 20069: 20067: 20064: 20062: 20059: 20057: 20054: 20053: 20051: 20047: 20038: 20037: 20033: 20028: 20027: 20023: 20018: 20017: 20013: 20008: 20007: 20003: 19998: 19997: 19993: 19988: 19987: 19983: 19978: 19977: 19973: 19968: 19967: 19963: 19958: 19957: 19953: 19948: 19947: 19943: 19938: 19937: 19936:Rights of Man 19933: 19928: 19927: 19923: 19918: 19917: 19913: 19908: 19907: 19903: 19898: 19897: 19893: 19888: 19887: 19883: 19878: 19877: 19873: 19868: 19867: 19863: 19858: 19857: 19853: 19848: 19847: 19846:De re publica 19843: 19838: 19837: 19833: 19828: 19827: 19823: 19822: 19820: 19816: 19806: 19803: 19801: 19798: 19796: 19793: 19791: 19788: 19786: 19783: 19781: 19778: 19776: 19773: 19771: 19768: 19766: 19763: 19761: 19758: 19756: 19753: 19751: 19748: 19746: 19743: 19741: 19738: 19736: 19733: 19731: 19728: 19726: 19723: 19721: 19718: 19716: 19713: 19711: 19708: 19706: 19703: 19701: 19698: 19696: 19693: 19691: 19688: 19686: 19683: 19681: 19678: 19676: 19673: 19671: 19668: 19666: 19663: 19661: 19658: 19656: 19653: 19651: 19648: 19646: 19643: 19641: 19638: 19636: 19633: 19631: 19628: 19626: 19623: 19621: 19618: 19616: 19613: 19611: 19608: 19606: 19603: 19601: 19598: 19596: 19593: 19591: 19588: 19586: 19583: 19581: 19578: 19576: 19573: 19571: 19568: 19566: 19563: 19561: 19558: 19556: 19553: 19551: 19548: 19546: 19543: 19541: 19538: 19536: 19533: 19531: 19528: 19526: 19523: 19521: 19518: 19516: 19513: 19511: 19508: 19506: 19503: 19501: 19498: 19496: 19493: 19491: 19488: 19486: 19483: 19481: 19478: 19476: 19473: 19472: 19470: 19466:20th and 21st 19464: 19458: 19455: 19453: 19450: 19448: 19445: 19443: 19440: 19438: 19435: 19433: 19430: 19428: 19425: 19423: 19420: 19418: 19415: 19413: 19410: 19408: 19405: 19403: 19400: 19398: 19395: 19393: 19390: 19388: 19385: 19383: 19380: 19378: 19375: 19373: 19370: 19368: 19365: 19363: 19360: 19358: 19355: 19353: 19350: 19348: 19345: 19343: 19340: 19336: 19333: 19332: 19331: 19328: 19326: 19323: 19319: 19316: 19315: 19314: 19311: 19309: 19306: 19304: 19301: 19299: 19296: 19294: 19291: 19289: 19286: 19284: 19281: 19279: 19276: 19274: 19271: 19269: 19266: 19264: 19261: 19259: 19256: 19254: 19251: 19249: 19246: 19244: 19241: 19239: 19236: 19234: 19231: 19229: 19226: 19224: 19221: 19219: 19216: 19214: 19211: 19209: 19206: 19205: 19203: 19199:18th and 19th 19197: 19191: 19188: 19186: 19183: 19181: 19178: 19176: 19173: 19171: 19168: 19166: 19163: 19161: 19158: 19156: 19153: 19151: 19148: 19146: 19143: 19141: 19138: 19134: 19131: 19130: 19129: 19126: 19124: 19121: 19119: 19116: 19114: 19111: 19109: 19106: 19104: 19101: 19099: 19096: 19094: 19091: 19089: 19086: 19085: 19083: 19077: 19071: 19068: 19066: 19063: 19061: 19058: 19056: 19055:Nizam al-Mulk 19053: 19051: 19048: 19046: 19043: 19041: 19038: 19036: 19033: 19031: 19028: 19026: 19023: 19021: 19018: 19016: 19013: 19011: 19008: 19006: 19003: 19002: 19000: 18996: 18990: 18987: 18985: 18982: 18980: 18977: 18975: 18972: 18970: 18967: 18963: 18960: 18959: 18958: 18955: 18953: 18950: 18948: 18945: 18943: 18940: 18938: 18935: 18933: 18930: 18928: 18925: 18923: 18920: 18918: 18915: 18914: 18912: 18908: 18905: 18903: 18899: 18893: 18890: 18888: 18885: 18883: 18880: 18878: 18875: 18873: 18870: 18868: 18865: 18863: 18860: 18858: 18855: 18853: 18850: 18847: 18846: 18841: 18839: 18836: 18834: 18831: 18829: 18826: 18824: 18821: 18819: 18816: 18814: 18811: 18809: 18806: 18804: 18801: 18799: 18796: 18794: 18791: 18789: 18786: 18783: 18782: 18777: 18775: 18772: 18771: 18769: 18765: 18759: 18756: 18754: 18751: 18749: 18746: 18744: 18741: 18739: 18738:Republicanism 18736: 18734: 18731: 18729: 18726: 18724: 18721: 18719: 18716: 18714: 18711: 18709: 18706: 18704: 18701: 18699: 18696: 18694: 18691: 18689: 18686: 18684: 18681: 18679: 18676: 18674: 18671: 18669: 18666: 18664: 18661: 18659: 18656: 18654: 18651: 18649: 18646: 18644: 18641: 18639: 18636: 18634: 18631: 18629: 18626: 18624: 18621: 18619: 18616: 18614: 18611: 18609: 18606: 18605: 18603: 18599: 18593: 18590: 18588: 18585: 18583: 18580: 18578: 18575: 18573: 18570: 18568: 18565: 18563: 18560: 18558: 18555: 18553: 18550: 18548: 18545: 18543: 18540: 18538: 18535: 18534: 18532: 18528: 18522: 18519: 18517: 18514: 18512: 18509: 18507: 18504: 18502: 18499: 18497: 18494: 18492: 18489: 18487: 18484: 18482: 18479: 18477: 18474: 18472: 18469: 18467: 18464: 18462: 18459: 18457: 18454: 18452: 18449: 18447: 18444: 18442: 18439: 18437: 18434: 18432: 18429: 18427: 18424: 18422: 18419: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18407: 18404: 18402: 18399: 18397: 18394: 18392: 18389: 18387: 18384: 18382: 18379: 18377: 18374: 18372: 18369: 18367: 18364: 18363: 18361: 18357: 18353: 18346: 18341: 18339: 18334: 18332: 18327: 18326: 18323: 18311: 18308: 18307: 18305: 18301: 18295: 18292: 18290: 18287: 18285: 18282: 18280: 18277: 18275: 18272: 18270: 18267: 18265: 18262: 18260: 18257: 18255: 18252: 18250: 18249:New Democracy 18247: 18245: 18242: 18240: 18237: 18235: 18232: 18230: 18227: 18225: 18222: 18220: 18217: 18215: 18212: 18210: 18207: 18206: 18204: 18202: 18198: 18192: 18189: 18187: 18184: 18182: 18179: 18177: 18174: 18172: 18169: 18167: 18164: 18162: 18159: 18157: 18154: 18152: 18149: 18148: 18146: 18144: 18140: 18134: 18131: 18129: 18126: 18124: 18121: 18119: 18116: 18114: 18111: 18109: 18106: 18104: 18101: 18099: 18096: 18094: 18091: 18089: 18086: 18084: 18081: 18079: 18076: 18074: 18071: 18069: 18068:Popular front 18066: 18064: 18061: 18059: 18056: 18054: 18051: 18049: 18046: 18044: 18041: 18039: 18036: 18034: 18031: 18029: 18026: 18024: 18021: 18019: 18016: 18014: 18011: 18009: 18006: 18004: 18001: 18000: 17998: 17996: 17992: 17986: 17983: 17981: 17978: 17976: 17973: 17971: 17970:Surplus value 17968: 17966: 17963: 17961: 17960:Social murder 17958: 17956: 17955:Socialization 17953: 17951: 17948: 17946: 17943: 17941: 17938: 17936: 17933: 17931: 17928: 17926: 17923: 17921: 17918: 17916: 17913: 17911: 17908: 17906: 17903: 17901: 17898: 17896: 17893: 17891: 17888: 17886: 17883: 17881: 17878: 17876: 17873: 17871: 17868: 17866: 17863: 17861: 17858: 17856: 17853: 17851: 17848: 17846: 17843: 17842: 17840: 17836: 17828: 17822: 17819: 17817: 17814: 17812: 17809: 17807: 17804: 17802: 17799: 17797: 17794: 17792: 17789: 17787: 17784: 17782: 17779: 17777: 17774: 17772: 17769: 17767: 17764: 17762: 17759: 17757: 17754: 17752: 17749: 17747: 17744: 17742: 17739: 17737: 17734: 17732: 17729: 17727: 17724: 17722: 17719: 17717: 17714: 17712: 17709: 17707: 17704: 17702: 17699: 17697: 17694: 17692: 17689: 17687: 17684: 17682: 17679: 17677: 17674: 17672: 17669: 17667: 17664: 17662: 17659: 17657: 17654: 17652: 17649: 17647: 17644: 17642: 17639: 17638: 17636: 17632: 17624: 17615: 17610: 17608: 17603: 17601: 17596: 17595: 17592: 17579: 17578: 17574: 17571: 17570: 17566: 17563: 17562: 17558: 17557: 17555: 17551: 17544: 17543: 17539: 17536: 17535: 17531: 17528: 17527: 17523: 17520: 17519: 17515: 17512: 17511: 17507: 17504: 17503: 17499: 17496: 17495: 17491: 17488: 17484: 17481: 17480: 17476: 17473: 17472: 17468: 17465: 17464: 17460: 17459: 17457: 17453: 17446: 17445: 17441: 17438: 17437: 17433: 17430: 17429: 17425: 17422: 17421: 17417: 17416: 17414: 17408: 17398: 17395: 17392: 17391: 17387: 17384: 17383: 17379: 17376: 17372: 17369: 17365: 17362: 17358: 17355: 17354: 17350: 17347: 17346: 17342: 17339: 17338: 17334: 17331: 17330: 17326: 17323: 17322: 17318: 17315: 17311: 17308: 17307: 17303: 17300: 17296: 17293: 17292: 17288: 17285: 17281: 17278: 17274: 17271: 17270: 17266: 17263: 17259: 17256: 17255: 17251: 17248: 17247: 17243: 17240: 17239: 17235: 17234: 17232: 17228: 17221: 17220: 17216: 17213: 17212: 17208: 17205: 17204: 17200: 17199: 17197: 17195: 17194: 17189: 17186: 17182: 17178: 17174: 17166: 17161: 17159: 17154: 17152: 17147: 17146: 17143: 17131: 17128: 17126: 17123: 17121: 17118: 17117: 17114: 17108: 17105: 17103: 17100: 17097: 17093: 17091: 17088: 17087: 17085: 17081: 17075: 17074:United States 17072: 17070: 17067: 17065: 17062: 17061: 17059: 17055: 17049: 17046: 17044: 17041: 17039: 17036: 17034: 17031: 17029: 17026: 17024: 17021: 17020: 17018: 17015: 17014:Organizations 17010: 17004: 17001: 16999: 16996: 16994: 16991: 16989: 16986: 16984: 16981: 16979: 16976: 16974: 16971: 16969: 16966: 16964: 16961: 16959: 16956: 16954: 16951: 16949: 16946: 16944: 16941: 16939: 16936: 16934: 16931: 16929: 16926: 16924: 16921: 16919: 16916: 16914: 16911: 16909: 16906: 16904: 16901: 16899: 16896: 16894: 16891: 16889: 16886: 16884: 16881: 16879: 16876: 16874: 16871: 16869: 16866: 16864: 16861: 16859: 16856: 16854: 16851: 16849: 16846: 16844: 16841: 16839: 16836: 16834: 16831: 16829: 16826: 16824: 16821: 16819: 16816: 16814: 16811: 16809: 16806: 16804: 16801: 16799: 16796: 16794: 16791: 16789: 16786: 16784: 16781: 16779: 16776: 16774: 16771: 16769: 16766: 16764: 16761: 16759: 16756: 16754: 16751: 16749: 16746: 16744: 16741: 16739: 16736: 16734: 16731: 16729: 16726: 16724: 16721: 16719: 16716: 16714: 16711: 16709: 16706: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16696: 16694: 16691: 16689: 16686: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16676: 16674: 16671: 16669: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16654: 16651: 16649: 16646: 16644: 16641: 16639: 16636: 16635: 16633: 16630: 16625: 16619: 16616: 16614: 16611: 16609: 16606: 16604: 16601: 16599: 16596: 16594: 16591: 16590: 16588: 16582: 16576: 16575:Welfare state 16573: 16571: 16568: 16566: 16563: 16561: 16558: 16554: 16551: 16549: 16546: 16545: 16544: 16541: 16539: 16536: 16534: 16531: 16529: 16526: 16524: 16521: 16519: 16516: 16512: 16509: 16507: 16504: 16503: 16502: 16499: 16497: 16496:Progressivism 16494: 16492: 16489: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16481:Mixed economy 16479: 16477: 16474: 16472: 16469: 16467: 16464: 16462: 16459: 16457: 16454: 16452: 16449: 16447: 16444: 16442: 16439: 16437: 16434: 16430: 16427: 16425: 16422: 16420: 16417: 16415: 16412: 16411: 16410: 16407: 16405: 16402: 16401: 16399: 16395: 16390: 16380: 16377: 16375: 16372: 16370: 16367: 16365: 16362: 16360: 16357: 16355: 16352: 16348: 16345: 16343: 16340: 16339: 16338: 16335: 16333: 16330: 16328: 16325: 16323: 16320: 16318: 16315: 16313: 16310: 16308: 16305: 16303: 16300: 16298: 16295: 16294: 16292: 16289: 16284: 16279: 16271: 16266: 16264: 16259: 16257: 16252: 16251: 16248: 16236: 16231: 16226: 16224: 16214: 16212: 16207: 16202: 16200: 16199: 16190: 16188: 16187: 16178: 16177: 16174: 16168: 16165: 16163: 16160: 16158: 16155: 16153: 16150: 16148: 16145: 16143: 16140: 16138: 16135: 16133: 16130: 16129: 16127: 16123: 16117: 16114: 16112: 16109: 16108: 16106: 16104: 16103:Organizations 16100: 16090: 16087: 16085: 16082: 16080: 16077: 16075: 16074:Lula da Silva 16072: 16070: 16067: 16065: 16062: 16060: 16057: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16047: 16045: 16042: 16041: 16039: 16032: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16016: 16013: 16011: 16008: 16006: 16003: 16001: 15998: 15996: 15993: 15991: 15988: 15986: 15983: 15981: 15978: 15976: 15973: 15971: 15968: 15966: 15963: 15961: 15958: 15956: 15953: 15951: 15948: 15946: 15943: 15941: 15938: 15936: 15933: 15931: 15928: 15926: 15923: 15921: 15918: 15916: 15915:Fred Paterson 15913: 15911: 15908: 15906: 15905:George Orwell 15903: 15901: 15898: 15896: 15893: 15891: 15888: 15886: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15875:Salama Moussa 15873: 15871: 15868: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15850:Nestor Makhno 15848: 15846: 15843: 15841: 15838: 15836: 15833: 15831: 15830:György Lukács 15828: 15826: 15823: 15821: 15820:Claude Lefort 15818: 15816: 15813: 15811: 15808: 15806: 15803: 15801: 15798: 15796: 15793: 15791: 15788: 15786: 15783: 15781: 15778: 15776: 15773: 15771: 15768: 15766: 15763: 15761: 15758: 15756: 15755:Eric Hobsbawm 15753: 15751: 15750:Safdar Hashmi 15748: 15746: 15743: 15741: 15738: 15736: 15733: 15731: 15728: 15726: 15723: 15721: 15718: 15716: 15713: 15711: 15708: 15706: 15703: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15691: 15688: 15686: 15685:Jeremy Corbyn 15683: 15681: 15680:G. D. H. Cole 15678: 15676: 15673: 15671: 15668: 15666: 15663: 15661: 15658: 15656: 15653: 15651: 15648: 15646: 15643: 15641: 15638: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15600:Deng Xiaoping 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15562: 15560: 15553: 15547: 15544: 15542: 15539: 15537: 15536:Josiah Warren 15534: 15532: 15529: 15527: 15524: 15522: 15519: 15517: 15516:Pyotr Tkachev 15514: 15512: 15509: 15507: 15504: 15502: 15499: 15497: 15494: 15492: 15489: 15487: 15484: 15482: 15479: 15477: 15474: 15472: 15469: 15467: 15464: 15462: 15459: 15457: 15454: 15452: 15449: 15447: 15444: 15442: 15439: 15437: 15434: 15432: 15429: 15427: 15426:Louise Michel 15424: 15422: 15419: 15417: 15414: 15412: 15409: 15407: 15406:Pierre Leroux 15404: 15402: 15399: 15397: 15394: 15392: 15389: 15387: 15386:Paul Lafargue 15384: 15382: 15379: 15377: 15374: 15372: 15369: 15367: 15364: 15362: 15359: 15357: 15354: 15352: 15349: 15347: 15344: 15342: 15339: 15337: 15334: 15332: 15329: 15327: 15324: 15322: 15319: 15317: 15314: 15312: 15309: 15307: 15304: 15302: 15299: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15286:Étienne Cabet 15284: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15271:Georg Büchner 15269: 15267: 15264: 15262: 15259: 15257: 15254: 15252: 15249: 15247: 15244: 15242: 15239: 15237: 15236:Enrico Barone 15234: 15232: 15229: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15219: 15218: 15216: 15209: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15179: 15177: 15170: 15164: 15161: 15159: 15156: 15155: 15153: 15146: 15143: 15141: 15137: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15123: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15063: 15061: 15058: 15056: 15053: 15051: 15048: 15046: 15043: 15041: 15038: 15036: 15033: 15031: 15028: 15026: 15023: 15022: 15020: 15016: 15010: 15007: 15005: 15004:Welfare state 15002: 15000: 14997: 14995: 14992: 14990: 14987: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14975: 14972: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14962: 14960: 14957: 14955: 14952: 14950: 14947: 14945: 14942: 14940: 14939:Nanosocialism 14937: 14935: 14932: 14930: 14929:Mixed economy 14927: 14925: 14922: 14920: 14917: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14907: 14904: 14900: 14898: 14897:Impossibilism 14895: 14893: 14890: 14888: 14885: 14883: 14880: 14878: 14875: 14873: 14870: 14868: 14867:Equal liberty 14865: 14863: 14860: 14858: 14855: 14853: 14850: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14814: 14812: 14806: 14796: 14793: 14791: 14788: 14786: 14783: 14779: 14776: 14774: 14771: 14770: 14769: 14766: 14764: 14761: 14759: 14756: 14754: 14751: 14749: 14746: 14744: 14741: 14737: 14736:Eurocommunism 14734: 14733: 14732: 14729: 14723: 14720: 14719: 14718: 14715: 14713: 14710: 14709: 14708: 14705: 14703: 14700: 14698: 14695: 14693: 14690: 14688: 14685: 14684: 14682: 14678: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14664: 14660: 14657: 14655: 14652: 14651: 14650: 14647: 14645: 14642: 14641: 14639: 14637: 14633: 14625: 14622: 14621: 14620: 14617: 14613: 14610: 14604: 14603:Neo-Stalinism 14601: 14600: 14599: 14596: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14563: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14556:Khrushchevism 14554: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14546: 14542: 14540: 14537: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14527: 14525: 14522: 14520: 14517: 14515: 14512: 14510: 14507: 14506: 14505: 14502: 14500: 14497: 14496: 14495: 14492: 14490: 14487: 14483: 14480: 14479: 14478: 14475: 14474: 14472: 14469: 14464: 14463:Authoritarian 14460: 14454: 14451: 14447: 14444: 14440: 14437: 14435: 14432: 14431: 14430: 14427: 14425: 14422: 14420: 14417: 14413: 14410: 14409: 14408: 14405: 14404: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14350:Individualist 14348: 14346: 14343: 14339: 14336: 14334: 14331: 14330: 14329: 14326: 14324: 14321: 14319: 14316: 14315: 14314: 14311: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14300: 14296: 14286: 14283: 14282: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14262: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14245:Revolutionary 14243: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14223: 14221: 14218: 14214: 14211: 14209: 14206: 14205: 14204: 14201: 14199: 14196: 14194: 14191: 14189: 14186: 14184: 14181: 14179: 14176: 14174: 14171: 14169: 14166: 14165: 14163: 14161: 14155: 14151: 14147: 14142: 14137: 14129: 14124: 14122: 14117: 14115: 14110: 14109: 14106: 14094: 14089: 14084: 14082: 14072: 14071: 14068: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14056:War communism 14054: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14025: 14022: 14021: 14020: 14017: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14003: 14000: 13998: 13995: 13994: 13993: 13990: 13988: 13985: 13983: 13980: 13978: 13975: 13973: 13970: 13968: 13965: 13963: 13960: 13958: 13955: 13953: 13950: 13949: 13947: 13943: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13922: 13919: 13918: 13916: 13912: 13905: 13901: 13898: 13894: 13892: 13889: 13887: 13884: 13882: 13879: 13878: 13876: 13874: 13870: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13829: 13826: 13822: 13819: 13818: 13817: 13814: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13798: 13796: 13792: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13780:Moufawad-Paul 13778: 13776: 13773: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13761: 13758: 13756: 13753: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13711: 13708: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13686: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13671: 13668: 13666: 13663: 13661: 13658: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13641: 13638: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13628: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13573: 13571: 13568: 13566: 13563: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13553: 13551: 13548: 13546: 13543: 13541: 13538: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13503: 13501: 13498: 13496: 13493: 13491: 13488: 13486: 13483: 13481: 13478: 13476: 13473: 13471: 13468: 13466: 13463: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13448: 13446: 13443: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13426: 13423: 13422: 13420: 13418: 13414: 13408: 13405: 13403: 13400: 13398: 13395: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13378: 13375: 13373: 13370: 13369: 13367: 13365:Organisations 13363: 13357: 13354: 13352: 13349: 13347: 13344: 13342: 13339: 13337: 13334: 13333: 13331: 13329: 13325: 13317: 13314: 13313: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13300: 13297: 13296: 13295: 13292: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13279: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13269: 13267: 13265: 13261: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13226: 13224: 13220: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13151: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13100: 13098: 13094: 13090: 13083: 13078: 13076: 13071: 13069: 13064: 13063: 13060: 13054: 13047: 13041: 13040: 13035: 13032: 13031: 13025: 13022: 13020: 13017: 13016: 13011: 13006: 12992: 12986: 12982: 12978: 12974: 12970: 12966: 12964:9780199279142 12960: 12956: 12952: 12948: 12944: 12943: 12938: 12934: 12930: 12926: 12920: 12916: 12912: 12908: 12904: 12900: 12896: 12892: 12886: 12882: 12878: 12877: 12872: 12868: 12864: 12860: 12856: 12852: 12848: 12844: 12840: 12836: 12835: 12830: 12826: 12822: 12816: 12812: 12808: 12804: 12800: 12796: 12792: 12788: 12784: 12780: 12776: 12770: 12766: 12762: 12758: 12754: 12750: 12749: 12744: 12740: 12736: 12732: 12728: 12722: 12718: 12714: 12710: 12706: 12702: 12696: 12692: 12688: 12684: 12680: 12674: 12670: 12665: 12664: 12658: 12654: 12650: 12648:9780521096195 12644: 12640: 12636: 12632: 12628: 12624: 12618: 12614: 12610: 12605: 12604: 12593: 12587: 12582: 12581: 12575: 12571: 12559: 12555: 12554: 12549: 12545: 12541: 12530: 12526: 12522: 12517: 12516: 12510: 12506: 12494: 12490: 12486: 12485: 12480: 12476: 12464: 12460: 12454: 12450: 12446: 12442: 12438: 12434: 12422: 12418: 12417: 12412: 12408: 12404: 12400: 12396: 12392: 12388: 12384: 12380: 12376: 12372: 12368: 12362: 12358: 12353: 12342: 12336: 12331: 12330: 12324: 12320: 12316: 12310: 12306: 12302: 12297: 12293: 12287: 12283: 12279: 12275: 12271: 12267: 12262: 12258: 12252: 12248: 12244: 12243: 12237: 12233: 12227: 12223: 12218: 12217: 12211: 12207: 12203: 12197: 12193: 12189: 12188:Castro, Fidel 12185: 12181: 12175: 12171: 12167: 12163: 12159: 12155: 12151: 12150:Bourne, Peter 12147: 12143: 12137: 12133: 12129: 12124: 12123: 12109: 12105: 12101: 12097: 12093: 12089: 12082: 12074: 12068: 12064: 12060: 12056: 12050: 12034: 12030: 12026: 12021: 12020:1721.1/113636 12016: 12012: 12008: 12004: 12000: 11999: 11994: 11990: 11986: 11980: 11961: 11957: 11951: 11947: 11940: 11939: 11932: 11924: 11918: 11914: 11913: 11908: 11904: 11898: 11890: 11886: 11882: 11878: 11872: 11862: 11861: 11853: 11837: 11833: 11827: 11823: 11822: 11817: 11811: 11795: 11791: 11787: 11783: 11777: 11769: 11765: 11758: 11747: 11743: 11739: 11735: 11731: 11727: 11723: 11719: 11718: 11714: 11706: 11703:. Cambridge: 11702: 11698: 11692: 11684: 11672: 11668: 11662: 11658: 11654: 11653: 11648: 11642: 11627: 11623: 11622: 11617: 11615: 11611: 11605: 11599: 11591: 11587: 11583: 11579: 11578: 11570: 11562: 11550: 11546: 11540: 11536: 11532: 11531: 11526: 11520: 11504: 11500: 11496: 11492: 11486: 11478: 11474: 11469: 11464: 11460: 11456: 11452: 11448: 11447: 11442: 11435: 11419: 11415: 11411: 11405: 11398: 11393: 11386: 11382: 11381: 11376: 11375:Cassidy, John 11370: 11366: 11361: 11353: 11349: 11342: 11334: 11330: 11323: 11315: 11309: 11305: 11301: 11294: 11286: 11274: 11270: 11264: 11260: 11256: 11252: 11245: 11237: 11235:9780520041752 11231: 11227: 11223: 11216: 11208: 11202: 11198: 11194: 11193: 11188: 11182: 11176:, p. 12. 11175: 11170: 11162: 11158: 11154: 11150: 11143: 11135: 11129: 11125: 11121: 11117: 11111: 11103: 11097: 11093: 11089: 11083: 11075: 11071: 11064: 11056: 11052: 11045: 11037: 11031: 11027: 11020: 11012: 11006: 11002: 10998: 10991: 10975: 10971: 10970: 10965: 10958: 10950: 10938: 10934: 10930: 10926: 10919: 10903: 10899: 10895: 10889: 10873: 10869: 10868: 10863: 10856: 10840: 10836: 10835: 10830: 10823: 10815: 10813:9780231528078 10809: 10805: 10801: 10794: 10786: 10782: 10775: 10759: 10755: 10749: 10733: 10729: 10725: 10718: 10702: 10698: 10694: 10688: 10672: 10668: 10664: 10658: 10650: 10644: 10640: 10636: 10629: 10613: 10609: 10605: 10599: 10588: 10584: 10580: 10576: 10572: 10568: 10564: 10560: 10556: 10555: 10551: 10535: 10531: 10530: 10529:The Economist 10525: 10519: 10503: 10502: 10497: 10491: 10484: 10479: 10472: 10467: 10451: 10447: 10446: 10441: 10435: 10427: 10421: 10417: 10413: 10406: 10398: 10386: 10382: 10381: 10377:(July 1964). 10376: 10370: 10362: 10358: 10357: 10349: 10341: 10334: 10326: 10314: 10310: 10309: 10304: 10303:Mao, Tse Tung 10298: 10290: 10284: 10280: 10276: 10269: 10261: 10260: 10248: 10240: 10234: 10230: 10229:HarperCollins 10226: 10222: 10218: 10217:Bullock, Alan 10212: 10204: 10198: 10194: 10193: 10185: 10177: 10171: 10167: 10163: 10162: 10154: 10146: 10145: 10137: 10129: 10123: 10119: 10118: 10110: 10102: 10100:9780203857212 10096: 10092: 10088: 10081: 10073: 10069: 10065: 10061: 10060: 10052: 10044: 10040: 10039: 10034: 10027: 10019: 10017:0-8070-1518-0 10013: 10009: 10005: 10004: 9999: 9993: 9985: 9981: 9977: 9971: 9963: 9957: 9953: 9949: 9945: 9939: 9932:. p. 52. 9931: 9927: 9920: 9912: 9908: 9906: 9901: 9897: 9891: 9883: 9879: 9875: 9871: 9867: 9863: 9859: 9858: 9850: 9842: 9840:9781136723667 9836: 9832: 9828: 9827: 9819: 9811: 9809:9789401021203 9805: 9802:. p. 5. 9801: 9797: 9796: 9788: 9780: 9778:9781781001226 9774: 9770: 9769: 9764: 9758: 9750: 9746: 9742: 9738: 9734: 9733: 9725: 9717: 9713: 9709: 9705: 9701: 9697: 9690: 9682: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9654: 9650: 9646: 9639: 9631: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9613: 9609: 9608: 9603: 9596: 9588: 9584: 9580: 9576: 9572: 9568: 9567: 9562: 9555: 9547: 9543: 9539: 9535: 9531: 9527: 9526: 9518: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9490: 9486: 9482: 9475: 9459: 9455: 9451: 9450: 9445: 9441: 9434: 9426: 9420: 9416: 9412: 9405: 9397: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9379: 9375: 9371: 9364: 9356: 9352: 9348: 9344: 9341:(1): 95–108. 9340: 9336: 9329: 9321: 9317: 9313: 9307: 9303: 9299: 9292: 9284: 9280: 9276: 9270: 9266: 9262: 9255: 9247: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9234: 9229: 9223: 9215: 9211: 9207: 9201: 9197: 9193: 9186: 9178: 9172: 9168: 9167: 9159: 9151: 9147: 9143: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9122: 9114: 9110: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9094: 9087: 9079: 9075: 9071: 9067: 9063: 9059: 9058: 9050: 9042: 9038: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9022: 9021: 9013: 9005: 9001: 8997: 8991: 8987: 8980: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8958: 8954: 8950: 8946: 8939: 8931: 8927: 8923: 8919: 8918: 8910: 8902: 8898: 8894: 8888: 8884: 8880: 8874: 8858: 8854: 8850: 8843: 8828: 8826:9780262011662 8822: 8818: 8814: 8813: 8805: 8790: 8788:9780853151944 8784: 8780: 8776: 8775: 8770: 8764: 8756: 8752: 8748: 8746:9780128156155 8742: 8738: 8734: 8730: 8723: 8715: 8711: 8707: 8706:ASA Footnotes 8703: 8696: 8688: 8684: 8680: 8676: 8672: 8666: 8658: 8654: 8648: 8632: 8628: 8624: 8620: 8614: 8608:, p. 79. 8607: 8602: 8595: 8590: 8582: 8570: 8566: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8548: 8544: 8540: 8536: 8530: 8523: 8518: 8502: 8498: 8494: 8487: 8480: 8475: 8468: 8467:Petrović 1967 8464: 8459: 8443: 8439: 8435: 8428: 8421: 8409: 8405: 8401: 8397: 8391: 8375: 8371: 8365: 8357: 8350: 8343: 8341: 8337: 8333: 8319: 8315: 8314: 8310:Martin, Jim. 8306: 8298: 8294: 8293: 8288: 8287:Chomsky, Noam 8282: 8266: 8263:(8): 81–104. 8262: 8258: 8257: 8252: 8248: 8242: 8234: 8228: 8224: 8220: 8216: 8210: 8194: 8190: 8186: 8180: 8172: 8166: 8162: 8158: 8154: 8150: 8146: 8140: 8132: 8128: 8125:(2): 22–47 . 8124: 8120: 8119: 8111: 8104: 8099: 8087: 8083: 8077: 8073: 8072: 8064: 8056: 8044: 8040: 8039: 8034: 8033:Guesde, Jules 8030: 8024: 8016: 8014:0-391-03800-1 8010: 8006: 8002: 7998: 7992: 7985: 7981: 7978: 7972: 7964: 7960: 7956: 7952: 7951: 7946: 7942: 7936: 7928: 7924: 7920: 7916: 7912: 7908: 7907: 7902: 7895: 7887: 7883: 7877: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7856: 7851: 7844: 7836: 7832: 7828: 7824: 7817: 7810: 7805: 7798: 7794: 7788: 7784: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7761: 7756: 7749: 7741: 7737: 7733: 7731:9781933116440 7727: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7701: 7693: 7681: 7677: 7671: 7668:. p. 2. 7667: 7663: 7662: 7654: 7646: 7634: 7630: 7629: 7624: 7620: 7614: 7606: 7602: 7601: 7596: 7592: 7586: 7578: 7574: 7572: 7567: 7560: 7552: 7548: 7547: 7542: 7535: 7527: 7523: 7519: 7515: 7509: 7494: 7493: 7489:(1932). "1". 7488: 7487:Goldman, Emma 7482: 7475: 7470: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7450: 7444: 7436: 7424: 7420: 7419: 7414: 7408: 7400: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7384: 7380: 7374: 7366: 7362: 7358: 7351: 7343: 7341:9781412997843 7337: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7318: 7311: 7310:exploitation. 7299: 7297:9781783747825 7293: 7288: 7283: 7279: 7278: 7273: 7267: 7259: 7247: 7246: 7241: 7237: 7231: 7223: 7211: 7207: 7206: 7201: 7195: 7187: 7185:0-75258-227-5 7181: 7177: 7173: 7172:World History 7169: 7168:Black, Jeremy 7163: 7147: 7143: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7125: 7123: 7121: 7119: 7111: 7105: 7097: 7095:9780415316989 7091: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7073: 7066: 7061: 7054: 7049: 7042: 7037: 7029: 7025: 7024: 7019: 7013: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6985: 6984: 6976: 6974: 6966: 6961: 6954: 6949: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6908: 6901: 6893: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6859: 6849: 6848: 6840: 6824: 6820: 6819: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6796: 6780: 6776: 6772: 6771: 6766: 6762: 6756: 6740: 6736: 6735: 6730: 6726: 6719: 6711: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6692: 6684: 6672: 6668: 6664: 6663: 6658: 6654: 6648: 6642:, p. 53. 6641: 6636: 6628: 6622: 6618: 6614: 6613: 6608: 6602: 6596:, p. 15. 6595: 6590: 6584:, p. 12. 6583: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6566: 6561: 6559: 6551: 6547: 6546: 6541: 6535: 6527: 6523: 6522: 6517: 6513: 6507: 6505: 6496: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6475: 6467: 6466: 6461: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6442: 6440:0-631-21681-2 6436: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6414: 6412: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6370: 6365: 6358: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6340:9781138916586 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6306: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6284: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6263: 6255: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6233: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6211: 6207: 6200: 6193:. p. 24. 6192: 6188: 6181: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6159: 6155: 6148: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6119: 6114: 6110: 6104: 6096: 6092: 6085: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6063: 6055: 6053:9781412992343 6049: 6045: 6041: 6040: 6032: 6024: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6002: 6001: 5996: 5990: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5969: 5961: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5924: 5916: 5901: 5899:9781351370011 5895: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5882: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5859: 5852: 5847: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5826: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5803: 5796: 5789: 5777: 5776: 5771: 5765: 5749: 5745: 5744: 5739: 5733: 5726: 5721: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5702: 5701: 5695: 5691: 5685: 5683: 5678: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5618: 5613: 5602: 5595: 5593: 5589: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5574: 5569: 5565: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5539: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5514: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5487: 5483: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5466:falsification 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5449: 5444: 5443: 5437: 5428: 5426: 5425:Andrew Kliman 5421: 5419: 5415: 5412: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5391:social theory 5386: 5384: 5380: 5377: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5359: 5353: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5328: 5325: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5294: 5290: 5289: 5284: 5280: 5275: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5259:Daniel Ortega 5256: 5255:Rafael Correa 5252: 5248: 5244: 5239: 5237: 5229: 5225: 5216: 5214: 5211:, led to the 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5189:Ronald Reagan 5186: 5182: 5178: 5173: 5171: 5170:Deng Xiaoping 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5121:In 1959, the 5116: 5112: 5108: 5103: 5093: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5082:Deng Xiaoping 5078: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5059: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5044:New Democracy 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5014: 5012: 5011: 5006: 4999: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4966: 4965:at the time. 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4947:Joseph Stalin 4943: 4939: 4934: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4881:in 1917, the 4880: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4855: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4832: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4791: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4774: 4770: 4769: 4763: 4761: 4757: 4752: 4751: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4732: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4721: 4715: 4708: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4683: 4678: 4674: 4659: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4640:Ernst Fischer 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4574: 4571: 4563: 4553: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4537:This section 4535: 4531: 4526: 4525: 4521: 4511: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4465: 4462: 4454: 4443: 4440: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4426: 4422: 4419: 4415: 4412: – 4411: 4407: 4406:Find sources: 4400: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4384:This article 4382: 4378: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4358: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4347:Romila Thapar 4344: 4340: 4336: 4335:D. D. Kosambi 4332: 4328: 4327: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4313:Eric Hobsbawm 4310: 4309: 4304: 4300: 4295: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4284:Joseph Stalin 4281: 4280: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4254: 4249: 4248: 4243: 4242: 4237: 4233: 4232: 4226: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4193:working class 4190: 4186: 4182: 4176: 4166: 4160: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4136: 4135:Peter McLaren 4132: 4131: 4126: 4122: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4081:surplus value 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4056: 4046: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4015:Carl Grünberg 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3991: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3980:working class 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3955: 3951: 3941: 3939: 3934: 3932: 3931:Joseph Stalin 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3909: 3899: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3881: 3877: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3850: 3848: 3847:natural order 3844: 3840: 3837: 3836:enlightenment 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3799: 3792: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3763:Fredy Perlman 3760: 3756: 3755:Antonio Negri 3752: 3748: 3744: 3743:Daniel Guérin 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3675: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3660:working class 3657: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3626: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3606: 3600: 3590: 3587: 3582: 3578: 3577:Paul Lafargue 3574: 3570: 3569:Ernest Mandel 3566: 3562: 3556: 3545: 3539: 3529: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3518:New Democracy 3515: 3511: 3506: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3485: 3476: 3474: 3470: 3469:crisis theory 3466: 3462: 3458: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3426:According to 3424: 3422: 3419:According to 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3393: 3391: 3386: 3385:profit motive 3382: 3377: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3352: 3349: 3342: 3336: 3333: 3332: 3327: 3326: 3320: 3318: 3317: 3311: 3309: 3300: 3299:socioeconomic 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3255: 3254:international 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3220:surplus value 3217: 3212: 3208: 3205: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3182: 3179: 3171: 3161: 3157: 3151: 3150: 3145:This section 3143: 3139: 3134: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3111: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3062: 3058: 3057:surplus value 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3037:class society 3034: 3033:socioeconomic 3030: 3026: 3022: 3020: 3015: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2971: 2968: 2962: 2952: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2915:Slave society 2913: 2910: 2906: 2903: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2808: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2788: 2787: 2781: 2777: 2767: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2749: 2746: 2739: 2736: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2705: 2701: 2695: 2685: 2683: 2682:Paul Lafargue 2679: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2657: 2652: 2651: 2646: 2642: 2632: 2630: 2629:crisis theory 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2576:ownership. A 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2550:social change 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2526: 2524: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2487: 2483: 2476: 2472: 2462: 2459: 2451: 2441: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2425:This section 2423: 2419: 2414: 2413: 2405: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2370:media studies 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2258:, to analyse 2257: 2253: 2249: 2248:socioeconomic 2245: 2241: 2230: 2225: 2223: 2218: 2216: 2211: 2210: 2208: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2190: 2180: 2178: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2161: 2160: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2141: 2138: 2137: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2108:Revolutionary 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2088:Authoritarian 2086: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2058: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2003: 1997: 1996: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1919: 1918: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1890:Moufawad-Paul 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1049: 1048: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 1000:Eurocommunism 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 985:Austromarxism 983: 981: 978: 977: 974: 969: 968: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 931:Communization 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 918: 917: 916: 912: 911: 906: 905:Praxis School 903: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 872: 871: 870: 867: 864: 863: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 822: 821: 818: 816: 813: 812: 811: 810: 807: 804: 803: 795: 794: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 723: 717: 716: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 680: 677: 672: 671: 664: 663:Working class 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 583: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 533: 530: 525: 524: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 485: 482: 480: 477: 476: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 444:Crisis theory 442: 439: 435: 432: 431: 428: 423: 422: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 381: 378: 373: 372: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 106: 103: 98: 97: 93: 89: 88: 85: 82: 81: 77: 73: 72: 69: 65: 48: 44: 40: 33: 28: 19: 20187: 20086:Elite theory 20034: 20024: 20014: 20004: 19994: 19984: 19974: 19964: 19954: 19944: 19934: 19924: 19914: 19904: 19894: 19884: 19874: 19864: 19854: 19844: 19834: 19824: 19123:Guicciardini 19079:Early modern 18902:Philosophers 18852:Open society 18788:Body politic 18707: 18658:Distributism 18648:Conservatism 18643:Confucianism 18562:Gerontocracy 18552:Dictatorship 18506:Sovereignty‎ 18496:Ruling class 18386:Emancipation 18371:Citizenship‎ 18264:People's war 18186:United front 18128:United front 17935:Ruling class 17900:Law of value 17796:Wage slavery 17786:Theoretician 17630: 17575: 17572:(1975–today) 17567: 17559: 17540: 17532: 17524: 17516: 17508: 17500: 17494:Anti-Dühring 17492: 17477: 17469: 17461: 17442: 17434: 17426: 17418: 17388: 17380: 17351: 17343: 17335: 17327: 17319: 17304: 17289: 17267: 17252: 17244: 17236: 17217: 17209: 17201: 17191: 16471:Labor rights 16354:Nordic model 16336: 16327:Keynesianism 16196: 16184: 16015:Clara Zetkin 15995:Leon Trotsky 15990:Ernst Toller 15980:R. H. Tawney 15920:Karl Polanyi 15800:James Larkin 15670:Noam Chomsky 15396:Pyotr Lavrov 15376:Karl Kautsky 15371:Mother Jones 15351:Charles Hall 15341:Emma Goldman 15311:Claire Démar 15241:August Bebel 15035:Basic income 14543: 14419:Luxemburgism 14370:Neozapatismo 14318:Collectivist 14229: 14168:21st century 13967:Anti-fascism 13853:Soviet Union 13276: 13234:Gift economy 13193:Wage slavery 13037: 13009: 12976: 12954: 12941: 12933:Rummel, R.J. 12910: 12874: 12833: 12806: 12795:Google Books 12793:– via 12747: 12712: 12690: 12662: 12634: 12608: 12579: 12562:. Retrieved 12552: 12544:Smith, Cyril 12532:. Retrieved 12521:Anchor Books 12514: 12497:. Retrieved 12483: 12469:21 September 12467:. Retrieved 12448: 12431:– via 12425:. Retrieved 12415: 12398: 12382: 12356: 12344:. Retrieved 12328: 12323:Fromm, Erich 12300: 12277: 12240: 12215: 12191: 12169: 12156:. New York: 12153: 12128:For Humanism 12127: 12119:Bibliography 12095: 12091: 12081: 12058: 12055:Roemer, John 12049: 12037:. 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Under the 2527: 2491: 2454: 2445: 2426: 2322:anthropology 2315: 2296: 2239: 2238: 2073:Municipalism 1885:Bhattacharya 1030:Situationist 1005:Instrumental 658:State theory 623:Immiseration 618:Human nature 608:Exploitation 438:accumulation 83: 68: 46: 37:This is the 31: 19960:(1835–1840) 19840:(c. 350 BC) 19830:(c. 375 BC) 19447:Tocqueville 19412:Saint-Simon 19377:Montesquieu 19228:Bolingbroke 19160:Machiavelli 19040:Ibn Khaldun 19005:Alpharabius 18998:Middle Ages 18823:Natural law 18798:Common good 18723:Nationalism 18683:Imperialism 18653:Corporatism 18628:Colonialism 18608:Agrarianism 18587:Technocracy 18567:Meritocracy 18547:Bureaucracy 18537:Aristocracy 18274:Revisionism 18161:French Turn 18133:Vanguardism 18088:Secretariat 18078:Revisionism 17905:Materialism 17756:Revisionism 17706:Imperialism 17651:Bourgeoisie 17580:(1971–1977) 17564:(1975–2004) 17553:Collections 17230:Other works 17193:Das Kapital 16565:Tripartisme 16560:Trade union 16466:Land reform 16347:Revisionist 16079:Evo Morales 16069:Kim Jong Un 16049:Hugo Chávez 16020:Howard Zinn 16010:Cornel West 16005:H. G. Wells 15975:Sun Yat-sen 15810:Jack Layton 15785:Kim Jong-il 15740:Maxim Gorky 15690:Marcel Déat 15605:Jiang Zemin 15546:Oscar Wilde 15486:George Sand 15441:Robert Owen 15366:Jean Jaurès 15256:Louis Blanc 15163:Thomas More 15125:Technocracy 14999:Trade union 14969:Revisionism 14919:Land reform 14790:Third World 14717:Nationalist 14509:Brezhnevism 14482:Nechayevism 14424:Mao-Spontex 14390:Syndicalist 14380:Communalism 14375:Platformism 14328:Free-market 14299:Libertarian 14285:Technocracy 14235:Nationalist 14213:Syndicalism 14051:Trade union 14009:LGBT rights 13843:Philippines 13294:Pre-Marxist 13287:Libertarian 12981:Verso Books 12687:Elster, Jon 12487:. Germany: 12132:Pluto Press 12005:(1): 3–28. 11608:"Letter to 11509:22 November 11397:Kliman 2007 11365:Kliman 2007 11197:Telos Press 10471:Bourne 1986 10375:Mao, Zedong 10279:Basic Books 9905:Verso Books 9868:: 381–403. 8832:29 December 8794:10 November 8535:Gross, Neil 8522:Edgley 1991 8497:Pluto Press 8247:Draper, Hal 8157:Rühle, Otto 7686:26 December 7639:26 December 7571:Verso Books 7474:Castro 2009 7252:10 February 6917:: 487–508. 6429:. pp. 6191:Pluto Press 5851:capitalism. 5588:John Roemer 5551:Carl Menger 5453:Karl Popper 5267:Hugo Chávez 5251:Evo Morales 5247:Hugo Chávez 5228:Hugo Chavez 5139:Che Guevara 5075:revisionist 4903:World War I 4596:materialist 4592:dialectical 4343:Irfan Habib 4290:inside the 4262:capitalists 4197:methodology 4013:, of which 3988:methodology 3902:Archaeology 3705:(a form of 3615:libertarian 3593:Libertarian 3461:World War I 3413:raised fist 3390:wither away 3242:prostitutes 3207:Proletariat 3090:Entfremdung 3014:bourgeoisie 2951:proletariat 2941:bourgeoisie 2923:aristocracy 2776:materialist 2714:Historicism 2677:Lassallians 2656:revisionist 2574:cooperative 2546:proletariat 2542:bourgeoisie 2354:film theory 2334:criminology 2326:archaeology 2262:relations, 2036:Communalism 1435:Wallerstein 1025:Revisionist 756:Film theory 736:Criminology 731:Archaeology 643:Proletariat 628:Imperialism 541:Bourgeoisie 516:Wage labour 409:Reification 204:On Practice 20224:Categories 20168:Separatism 19976:On Liberty 19876:The Prince 19605:Huntington 19108:Campanella 19035:al-Ghazali 18984:Thucydides 18942:Lactantius 18887:Statolatry 18713:Monarchism 18693:Liberalism 18618:Capitalism 18601:Ideologies 18582:Plutocracy 18530:Government 18486:Revolution 18471:Propaganda 18421:Legitimacy 18396:Government 18143:Trotskyist 18023:Dual power 17691:Dialectics 17337:Grundrisse 16998:Woodsworth 16823:Hilferding 16683:Betancourt 16673:Ben-Gurion 16548:Capitalism 16523:Secularism 16456:Gradualism 16451:Fair trade 16419:Industrial 16186:Categories 16089:Xi Jinping 16025:J. Posadas 15705:John Dewey 15695:Guy Debord 15615:Jyoti Basu 15496:Eugène Sue 14810:and issues 14808:Key topics 14785:Sri Lankan 14758:Melanesian 14753:Indonesian 14702:Bolivarian 14624:Lassallism 14612:Tkachevism 14494:Bolshevism 14468:from above 14453:Third camp 14429:Trotskyism 14304:from below 14270:Icarianism 14265:Fourierism 14250:Scientific 14183:Democratic 14158:Schools of 13660:Berlinguer 13550:Khrushchev 12979:. London: 12783:2008009151 12700:0521329221 12622:041541119X 12564:18 October 12529:1036708143 12479:Marx, Karl 12458:0807015288 12303:. London: 11610:La Liberté 11414:World Bank 11335:. §§II–IV. 11259:SUNY Press 10667:WorldAtlas 10045:: 218–239. 9614:(1): 1–7. 9508:2152/45917 9214:1100627401 9196:Bloomsbury 8971:1129932782 8945:Hill, Dave 8769:Marx, Karl 8606:Green 1981 8495:. London: 8463:Fromm 1966 8380:11 October 8358:(23): 118. 8221:. London: 8029:Marx, Karl 7809:Lenin 1967 7498:29 January 7413:Marx, Karl 7330:. p. 7236:Marx, Karl 7140:. London: 7130:Marx, Karl 7018:Marx, Karl 6953:Lenin 1967 6864:Marx, Karl 6801:Marx, Karl 6773:. Moscow: 6653:Marx, Karl 6640:Evans 1975 6626:0140445757 6607:Marx, Karl 6594:Lenin 1967 6582:Haupt 2010 6565:Haupt 2010 6540:Marx, Karl 6494:0618261818 6460:Marx, Karl 6349:2016032101 6224:1151767935 6093:. London: 6074:. Durham: 5708:. p. 5668:References 5507:conscripts 5376:Trotskyist 5356:See also: 5320:Xi Jinping 5309:since 2012 5303:Xi Jinping 5271:Trotskyist 5185:neoliberal 5166:Mao Zedong 5039:Mao Zedong 5035:Kuomintang 5005:Mao Zedong 4883:Bolsheviks 4816:Trotskyism 4773:monogamous 4691:alienation 4584:aesthetics 4514:Aesthetics 4421:newspapers 4213:about the 4107:, such as 3896:humanities 3888:Neil Gross 3857:See also: 3807:capitalist 3735:Guy Debord 3687:De Leonism 3679:autonomism 3648:Grundrisse 3603:See also: 3542:See also: 3365:industries 3357:socialists 3114:See also: 3082:Alienation 2947:Capitalism 2919:city-state 2911:societies. 2887:journeyman 2801:ideologies 2765:Grundrisse 2708:See also: 2625:revolution 2617:capitalism 2558:capitalism 2514:technology 2429:references 2386:psychology 2374:philosophy 2330:art theory 2093:Democratic 1958:Mediations 1570:Przeworski 1510:Poulantzas 1360:Sivanandan 1315:Bettelheim 1215:Horkheimer 1210:Mariátegui 1185:Pashukanis 1110:Liebknecht 1040:Wertkritik 980:Analytical 840:Trotskyism 815:Autonomist 806:Structural 786:Philosophy 726:Aesthetics 511:Value-form 479:Capitalist 384:Alienation 377:Philosophy 134:Grundrisse 20275:Socialism 20260:Karl Marx 20235:Communism 19886:Leviathan 19866:Monarchia 19860:(c. 1274) 19695:Oakeshott 19640:Mansfield 19635:Luxemburg 19620:Kropotkin 19515:Bernstein 19468:centuries 19382:Nietzsche 19325:Jefferson 19253:Condorcet 19201:centuries 19180:Pufendorf 19045:Marsilius 18932:Confucius 18917:Aristotle 18910:Antiquity 18838:Noble lie 18758:Third Way 18753:Socialism 18678:Feudalism 18633:Communism 18613:Anarchism 18592:Theocracy 18577:Oligarchy 18557:Democracy 18542:Autocracy 18456:Pluralism 18441:Obedience 18406:Hierarchy 18366:Authority 18244:Mass line 18234:Four Olds 18058:Politburo 18048:New class 17975:Use value 17875:Commodity 17173:Karl Marx 17171:Works by 17102:Socialism 17090:Communism 17057:By region 17003:Zhordania 16943:Plekhanov 16908:MacDonald 16903:Luxemburg 16798:Gaitskell 16758:Daszyński 16718:Callaghan 16678:Bernstein 16618:Third Way 16553:Socialism 16511:Socialism 16501:Reformism 16436:Dirigisme 16409:Democracy 16364:Socialism 16137:Communism 16132:Anarchism 16059:Hu Jintao 15885:Imre Nagy 15675:M. N. Roy 15635:Léon Blum 15630:Tony Benn 15565:Tariq Ali 15421:Karl Marx 15025:Adhocracy 14964:Reformism 14852:Democracy 14722:Chiangist 14712:Communist 14659:communism 14654:anarchism 14649:Christian 14636:Religious 14598:Stalinism 14524:Guevarism 14514:Castroism 14489:Blanquism 14365:Mutualism 14323:Communist 14313:Anarchism 14240:Reformist 14208:Labourism 14178:Communist 14136:Socialism 14031:Red Scare 13914:Criticism 13794:By region 13775:Hatherley 13605:Althusser 13540:Togliatti 13490:Kollontai 13485:Luxemburg 13470:Pannekoek 13465:Malatesta 13460:Kropotkin 13316:Christian 13311:Religious 13306:Primitive 13272:Anarchist 13254:Use value 13222:Economics 13089:Communism 12975:(2017) . 12909:(2000) . 12899:237794267 12867:"Marxism" 12855:28368284M 12831:(1964) . 12791:750831024 12739:"Marxism" 12613:Routledge 12534:9 October 12443:(1972) . 12413:(1967) . 12346:9 October 12325:(1966) . 12301:Karl Marx 12168:(2010) . 11786:Mises.org 11699:(1974) . 11189:(1975) . 10980:31 August 10166:Routledge 10091:Routledge 9831:Routledge 9763:Fine, Ben 9743:: 82–92. 9716:237850324 9681:214035791 9630:236356457 9587:151616793 9546:143914501 9396:147636876 9355:155093850 9150:957740361 9113:212828309 9078:219539909 9041:144595936 9004:191900765 8988:. 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Jha 4236:socialist 4115:Education 4097:heterodox 4065:Karl Marx 4049:Economics 3999:Max Weber 3995:Karl Marx 3972:empirical 3960:sociology 3944:Sociology 3719:post-left 3715:workerism 3668:anarchism 3638:Karl Marx 3630:reformist 3561:Karl Marx 3549:Classical 3479:Democracy 3440:socialist 3373:communism 3295:Peasantry 3289:Landlords 3277:landlords 3246:political 3234:vagabonds 3053:commodity 2937:merchants 2929:Feudalism 2921:in which 2867:patrician 2855:dialectic 2847:reflexive 2759:Karl Marx 2672:qualifier 2639:The term 2635:Etymology 2568:society, 2566:socialist 2518:Karl Marx 2475:Karl Marx 2394:sociology 2358:geography 2346:education 2342:economics 2288:left-wing 2272:Karl Marx 2140:Economism 2103:Reformist 2083:Socialism 2031:Communism 2011:Anarchism 1865:Coulthard 1790:McDonnell 1750:Screpanti 1660:Rowbotham 1525:Harnecker 1335:Althusser 1275:Deutscher 1115:Kollontai 1105:Luxemburg 1085:Plekhanov 1015:Nkrumaism 926:Classical 900:Political 825:Guevarism 781:Sociology 761:Geography 581:Democracy 529:Sociology 484:Socialist 449:Commodity 20141:Centrism 19836:Politics 19826:Republic 19795:Voegelin 19775:Spengler 19760:Shariati 19735:Rothbard 19690:Nussbaum 19590:Habermas 19565:Fukuyama 19555:Foucault 19480:Ambedkar 19457:Voltaire 19427:de Staël 19402:Rousseau 19283:Franklin 19258:Constant 19218:Beccaria 19050:Muhammad 19030:Gelasius 19015:Averroes 18989:Xenophon 18969:Polybius 18922:Chanakya 18767:Concepts 18733:Populism 18703:Localism 18688:Islamism 18673:Feminism 18572:Monarchy 18476:Property 18466:Progress 18431:Monopoly 18401:Hegemony 17489:" (1876) 17410:Marx and 17377:" (1871) 17370:" (1869) 17363:" (1865) 17316:" (1847) 17286:" (1844) 17279:" (1843) 17264:" (1842) 16968:Stauning 16888:Lévesque 16873:Lassalle 16853:Kerensky 16843:Katayama 16808:González 16743:Crosland 16723:Cárdenas 16708:Branting 16638:Ambedkar 16585:Variants 16414:Economic 16397:Concepts 16342:Orthodox 16317:Humanism 16157:Old Left 16152:New Left 16125:See also 16054:Bob Crow 15590:Aung San 15018:Concepts 14795:Yugoslav 14731:European 14644:Buddhist 14551:Kadarism 14539:Husakism 14534:Hoxhaism 14519:Ceaușism 14499:Leninism 14477:Barracks 14439:Posadism 14434:Pabloism 14360:Magonism 14193:Feminist 14173:Agrarian 14002:New Left 13997:Old Left 13891:Red star 13806:Colombia 13725:Gordillo 13700:Holloway 13645:Guattari 13615:Pasolini 13600:Hobsbawm 13585:Beauvoir 13545:Benjamin 13520:Bukharin 13510:Thälmann 13282:Leninist 13264:Variants 13096:Concepts 12935:(1977). 12865:(2008). 12805:(2007). 12737:(2008). 12711:(1976). 12689:(1986). 12659:(1959). 12633:(1968). 12576:(2007). 12558:Archived 12546:(1998). 12511:(1967). 12493:Archived 12481:(1849). 12463:Archived 12421:Archived 12397:(2007). 12381:(eds.). 12276:(eds.). 12212:(2003). 12190:(2009). 12152:(1986). 12108:Archived 12057:(1982). 12039:24 April 12033:Archived 12029:14001669 11969:24 April 11960:Archived 11948:. 2014. 11905:(1966). 11883:(2005). 11842:24 April 11836:Archived 11818:(2008). 11800:4 August 11794:Archived 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