Marxism - Knowledge

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all other considerations, disqualifying Marx's theory at the starting gate. By doing so, they provide the principal justification for the suppression of this theory as well as the suppression of, and the denial of resources needed to carry out, present-day research based upon it. This greatly inhibits its further development. So does the very charge of inconsistency. What person of intellectual integrity would want to join a research program founded on (what he believes to be) a theory that is internally inconsistent and therefore false?", However, in his book, Kliman presents an interpretation where these inconsistencies can be eliminated. The connection between the inconsistency allegations and the lack of study of Marx's theories was argued further by

4846: 5291: 5099: 2474: 3066:. Under the capitalist mode of production, workers do not own the means of production and must "voluntarily" enter into an exploitative work relationship with a capitalist to earn the necessities of life. The worker's entry into such employment is voluntary because they choose which capitalist to work for. However, the worker must work or starve. Thus exploitation is inevitable, and the voluntary nature of a worker participating in a capitalist society is illusory; it is production, not circulation, that causes exploitation. Marx emphasised that capitalism 4823: 2981: 16210: 14068: 5598: 2164: 84: 3476: 4129:, especially since the turn of the 21st century, has further developed Marxist educational theory by developing revolutionary critical pedagogy, as has the work of Glenn Rikowski, Dave Hill, and Paula Allman. Other Marxists have analysed the forms and pedagogical processes of capitalist and communist education, such as Tyson E. Lewis, Noah De Lissovoy, Gregory Bourassa, and Derek R. Ford. Curry Malott has developed a Marxist history of education in the U.S., and 5216: 16173: 3393: 4522: 4369: 3130: 2410: 4674: 16222: 16198: 14080: 2188: 16185: 3868: 2463: 16381: 4594:, approach to the application of Marxism to the cultural sphere, specifically areas related to taste, such as art and beauty, among others. Marxists believe that economic and social conditions, and especially the class relations that derive from them affect every aspect of an individual's life, from religious beliefs to legal systems to cultural frameworks. Some notable Marxist aestheticians include 3084:) is the estrangement of people from their humanity and a systematic result of capitalism. Under capitalism, the fruits of production belong to employers, who expropriate the surplus created by others and generate alienated labourers. In Marx's view, alienation is an objective characterisation of the worker's situation in capitalism—his or her self-awareness of this condition is not prerequisite. 2176: 3311:, Marx used the term to describe the production of images of social reality. According to Engels, "ideology is a process accomplished by the so-called thinker consciously, it is true, but with a false consciousness. The real motive forces impelling him remain unknown to him; otherwise it simply would not be an ideological process. Hence he imagines false or seeming motive forces." 3415:, "Marx used many terms to refer to a post-capitalist society—positive humanism, socialism, Communism, realm of free individuality, free association of producers, etc. He used these terms completely interchangeably. The notion that 'socialism' and 'Communism' are distinct historical stages is alien to his work and only entered the lexicon of Marxism after his death." 5377:, who in the Greek legend fell in love with his own reflection. ... Sometimes it is necessary to devote time to clarifying and developing the concepts that we use, but indeed for Western Marxists this has become an end in itself. The result is a body of writings incomprehensible to all but a tiny minority of highly qualified scholars." 4025:. The legacy of Critical Theory as a major offshoot of Marxism is controversial. The common thread linking Marxism and Critical theory is an interest in struggles to dismantle structures of oppression, exclusion, and domination. Due to its former state-supported position, there has been a backlash against Marxist thought in 10603: 2512:

wrote: "At a certain stage of development, the material productive forces of society come into conflict with the existing relations of production or—this merely expresses the same thing in legal terms—with the property relations within the framework of which they have operated hitherto. From forms of

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if it were internally inconsistent. Internally inconsistent theories may be appealing, intuitively plausible and even obvious, and consistent with all available empirical evidence—but they cannot be right. It is necessary to reject them or correct them. Thus the alleged proofs of inconsistency trump

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explained that "the capitalist mode of appropriation, in which the product enslaves first the producer, and then the appropriator, is replaced by the mode of appropriation of the products that is based upon the nature of the modern means of production; upon the one hand, direct social appropriation,

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The German Marxists extended the theory to groups and issues Marx had barely touched. Marxian analyses of the legal system, of the social role of women, of foreign trade, of international rivalries among capitalist nations, and the role of parliamentary democracy in the transition to socialism drew

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pointed out that "Marx's theory is incomplete or ambiguous in many places, and could be 'applied' in many contradictory ways without manifestly infringing its principles." Specifically, he considers "the laws of dialectics" as fundamentally erroneous, stating that some are "truisms with no specific

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Criticism of Marxism has come from various political ideologies and academic disciplines. This includes general criticism about lack of internal consistency, criticisms related to historical materialism, that it is a type of historical determinism, the necessity of suppression of individual rights,

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is eliminated, and the motive of furthering human flourishing is introduced. Because the surplus produced by the workers is the property of the society as a whole, there are no classes of producers and appropriators. Additionally, as the state originates in the bands of retainers hired by the first

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Additionally, some intellectual critiques of Marxism contest certain assumptions prevalent in Marx's thought and Marxism after him without rejecting Marxist politics. Other contemporary supporters of Marxism argue that many aspects of Marxist thought are viable but that the corpus is incomplete or

2799:. The base and superstructure metaphor describes the totality of social relations by which humans produce and re-produce their social existence. According to Marx, the "sum total of the forces of production accessible to men determines the condition of society" and forms a society's economic base. 5842:

Marxist political economists differ over their definitions of capitalism, socialism and communism. These differences are so fundamental, the arguments among differently persuaded Marxist political economists have sometimes been as intense as their oppositions to political economies that celebrate

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Marxism taught me what society was. I was like a blindfolded man in a forest, who doesn't even know where north or south is. If you don't eventually come to truly understand the history of the class struggle, or at least have a clear idea that society is divided between the rich and the poor, and

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The discovery of the materialist conception of history, or rather, the consistent continuation and extension of materialism into the domain of social phenomenon, removed two chief defects of earlier historical theories. In the first place, they at best examined only the ideological motives of the

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is bound to lead to the conversion of the means of production into the property of society. ... This conversion will directly result in an immense increase in productivity of labour, a reduction of working hours, and the replacement of the remnants, the ruins of small-scale, primitive, disunited

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are internally inconsistent. In other words, the critics allege that Marx drew conclusions that do not follow his theoretical premises. Once these alleged errors are corrected, his conclusion that aggregate price and profit are determined by and equal to the aggregate value and surplus value no

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to the ideas of Marx. At an event celebrating the 200th anniversary of Marx's birth, Xi said, "We must win the advantages, win the initiative, and win the future. We must continuously improve the ability to use Marxism to analyse and solve practical problems", adding that Marxism is a "powerful

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during the swearing-in of his cabinet two days before his inauguration on 10 January 2007. Venezuelan Trotskyist organisations do not regard Chávez as a Trotskyist, with some describing him as a bourgeois nationalist, while others consider him an honest revolutionary leader who made significant

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published a report entitled "For a Soviet history of material culture"; within this work, the very discipline of archaeology as it then stood was criticised as being inherently bourgeois, therefore anti-socialist and so, as a part of the academic reforms instituted in the Soviet Union under the

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which Marxists see as true democracy. An economy based on cooperation on human need and social betterment, rather than competition for profit of many independently acting profit seekers, would also be the end of class society, which Marx saw as the fundamental division of all hitherto existing

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Radical left is a term that refers collectively to people who hold left-wing political views that are considered extreme, such as supporting or working to establish communism, Marxism, Maoism, socialism, anarchism, or other forms of anticapitalism. The radical left is sometimes called the far

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Critics of Marxism claim that Marx's predictions have failed, with some pointing towards the GDP per capita generally increasing in capitalist economies compared to less market-oriented economics, the capitalist economies not suffering worsening economic crises leading to the overthrow of the

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developed a theory of Marxism for the Chinese historical context. Mao found a large base of support in the peasantry as opposed to the Russian Revolution, which found its primary support in the urban centres of the Russian Empire. Some significant ideas contributed by Mao were the ideas of

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The theory of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin is universally applicable. We should regard it not as a dogma, but as a guide to action. Studying it is not merely a matter of learning terms and phrases but of learning Marxism-Leninism as the science of revolution. It is not just a matter of

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capitalist system and communist revolutions not occurring in the most advanced capitalist nations, but instead in undeveloped regions. It has also been criticised for allegedly resulting in lower living standards in relation to capitalist countries, a claim that has been disputed.

2881:, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes." 5406:

Marxist content", others "philosophical dogmas that cannot be proved by scientific means", and some just "nonsense"; he believes that some Marxist laws can be interpreted differently, but that these interpretations still in general fall into one of the two categories of error.

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In addition to criticism, Marx has also praised some of the results of capitalism stating that it "has created more massive and more colossal productive forces than have all preceding generations together" and that it "has put an end to all feudal, patriarchal arrangements."

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as the materialist conception of history and later better known as historical materialism, to analyse the underlying causes of societal development and change from the perspective of the collective ways in which humans make their living. Marx's account of the theory is in

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Marx's value theory is a complex doctrine in which three different kinds of speculation coalesce: a philosophy aimed at proving that value is created by a labour substance; an explanation of the social relations of production in capitalism; and a method for measuring

5287:. In sum, if weakened communism is felt as a spectre in the West, it is not only because of media distortions but also for the alternative it represents through the same democratic procedures that the West constantly professes to cherish but is hesitant to apply." 3297:

Class consciousness denotes the awareness—of itself and the social world—that a social class possesses and its capacity to act rationally in its best interests. Class consciousness is required before a social class can effect a successful revolution and, thus, the

5283:, "this new weak communism differs substantially from its previous Soviet (and current Chinese) realisation, because the South American countries follow democratic electoral procedures and also manage to decentralise the state bureaucratic system through the 5577:

argue that Marx's economic theory was fundamentally flawed because it attempted to simplify the economy into a few general laws that ignored the impact of institutions on the economy. These charges have been disputed by other influential economists, like

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initially referred to the study of the material conditions of economic production in the capitalist system. In Marxism, political economy is the study of the means of production, specifically of capital and how that manifests as economic activity.

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has regarded his criticism as "definitive", arguing that Böhm-Bawerk's critique of Marx's economics was so "thorough and devastating" that he believes that as of the 1960s, no Marxian scholar had conclusively refuted it. Third-generation Austrian

3363:(which Marxists saw as a weapon for the subjugation of one class by another) is seized and used to suppress the hitherto ruling class of capitalists and (by implementing a commonly owned, democratically controlled workplace) create the society of 3008:

and their economists were promoting what he saw as the lie that "the interests of the capitalist and of the worker are ... one and the same." He believed that they did this by purporting the concept that "the fastest possible growth of productive

3575:—both of whom claimed to represent Marxist principles—accusing them of "revolutionary phrase-mongering" and denying the value of reformist struggle. From Marx's letter derives Marx's famous remark that, if their politics represented Marxism, ' 2949:

While historical materialism has been referred to as a materialist theory of history, Marx did not claim to have produced a master key to history and that the materialist conception of history is not "an historico-philosophic theory of the

5141:(CIA), although the CIA agent sent to search for Guevara, Felix Rodriguez, expressed a desire to keep him alive as a possible bargaining tool with the Cuban government. He posthumously went on to become an internationally recognised icon. 5076:, Maoism and official Marxism in China were reworked. This new model was a newer dynamic form of Marxism–Leninism and Maoism in China. Commonly referred to as socialism with Chinese Characteristics, this new path was centred around Deng's 9157: 5319:

ideological weapon for us to understand the world, grasp the law, seek the truth, and change the world." Xi has further stressed the importance of examining and continuing the tradition of the CPC and embracing its revolutionary past.

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as not democratic enough due to the unequal socio-economic situation of the workers during the Industrial Revolution which undermines the democratic agency of citizens. Marxists differ in their positions towards democracy. Types of

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I have no hesitation in saying that this represents a gigantic crudification and simplification of Marx's work—the kind of simplification and reductionism which once led him, in despair, to say "if that is marxism, then I am not a

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for doctrinal Marxist study and to publish official ideological and research documents for the Russian Communist Party. With Lenin's death in 1924, there was an internal struggle in the Soviet Communist movement, mainly between

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of historical materialism. Popper believed that Marxism had been initially scientific in that Marx had postulated a genuinely predictive theory. When these predictions were not borne out, Popper argues that the theory avoided

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understanding the general laws derived by Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin from their extensive study of real life and revolutionary experience, but of studying their standpoint and method in examining and solving problems.

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issues with the implementation of communism and economic issues such as the distortion or absence of price signals and reduced incentives. In addition, empirical and epistemological problems are frequently identified.

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historical activity of human beings, without grasping the objective laws governing the development of the system of social relations. ... in the second place, the earlier theories did not cover the activities of the

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by arguing that without price signals in capital goods, in his opinion, all other aspects of the market economy are irrational. This led him to declare that "rational economic activity is impossible in a socialist

5257:, these socialist governments allied themselves with Marxist–Leninist Cuba. Although none espoused a Stalinist path directly, most admitted to being significantly influenced by Marxist theory. Venezuelan president 4702:

Together with Marx, Engels co-developed communist theory. Marx and Engels first met in September 1844. Discovering that they had similar views of philosophy and socialism, they collaborated and wrote works such as

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from which they originate. According to Marxists, even literature is a social institution with a specific ideological function based on the background and ideology of the author. Marxist literary critics include

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Marx posited that the remaining feudalist societies in the world and forms of socialism that did not conform with his writings would be replaced by communism in the future in a similar manner as with capitalism.

3320:, Marx says that "he ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas, i.e. the class which is the ruling material force of society, is, at the same time, its ruling intellectual force." The term 8433: 9440: 4133:

examined the history of communist education. Sandy Grande has synthesised Marxist educational theory with Indigenous pedagogy, while others like John Holt analyse adult education from a Marxist perspective.

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of the population, whereas historical materialism made it possible for the first time to study with scientific accuracy the social conditions of the life of the masses and the changes in these conditions.

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who, having no means of production of their own, are reduced to selling their labour power in order to live." The capitalist mode of production establishes the conditions that enable the bourgeoisie to

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is a study of educational reform in the U.S. and its relationship to the reproduction of capitalism and the possibilities of utilising its contradictions in the revolutionary movement. The work of

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shows that if capitalists use cost-cutting techniques and real wages do not increase, the rate of profit must rise, which casts doubt on Marx's view that the rate of profit would tend to fall.

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Because the ruling class controls the society's means of production, the superstructure of society (i.e. the ruling social ideas) is determined by the best interests of the ruling class. In

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Bourgeoisie: those who "own the means of production" and buy labour power from the proletariat, thus exploiting the proletariat. They subdivide as bourgeoisie and the petite bourgeoisie.

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According to the Marxist theoretician and revolutionary socialist Vladimir Lenin, "the principal content of Marxism" was "Marx's economic doctrine." Marx demonstrated how the capitalist

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and reached a degree of prominence in the 1950s and 1960s. Marxist humanists contend that there is continuity between the early philosophical writings of Marx, in which he develops his

13154: 4091:, ideas that have come out of Marxian economics have contributed to mainstream understanding of the global economy. Certain concepts of Marxian economics, especially those related to 7746: 8309: 11377:

His mathematical model of the economy, which depended on the idea that labor is the source of all value, was riven with internal inconsistencies and is rarely studied these days.

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At the turn of the 21st century, China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam remained the only officially Marxist–Leninist states remaining, although a Maoist government led by

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These theoretical developments were subsequently adopted by archaeologists working in capitalist states outside of the Leninist bloc, most notably by the Australian academic

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history. Marx saw the fundamental nature of capitalist society as little different from that of a slave society in that one small group of society exploits the larger group.

10748:[Political Declaration of the JIR, as a Public Fraction of the PRS, for a real class independence (Excerpts) – Revolutionary Left Youth] (in Spanish). Archived from 5069:

and insufficiently Marxist. This ideological confrontation spilt into a broader global crisis centred around which nation was to lead the international socialist movement.

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as guaranteeing male social domination of women, a concept analogous, in communist theory, to the capitalist class's economic domination of the working class—Engels made

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argues that this undermines Marx's critiques and the correction of the alleged inconsistencies because internally inconsistent theories cannot be correct by definition.

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by adding ad hoc hypotheses that made it compatible with the facts. Because of this, Popper asserted, a theory that was initially genuinely scientific degenerated into

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and trade workers). Marxism predicts that the continual reinvention of the means of production eventually would destroy the petite bourgeoisie, degrading them from the

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newspaper. By 1849, they had to leave Cologne for London. The Prussian authorities pressured the British government to expel Marx and Engels, but Prime Minister

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in late 1991 into a series of constituent nations, all of which abandoned Marxist–Leninist models for socialism, with most converting to capitalist economies.

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I will also discuss other left-libertarians who wrote about Reich, as they bear on the general discussion of Reich's ideas...In 1944, Paul Goodman, author of

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Ford, Derek R. (October 2021). "Pedagogically Reclaiming Marx's Politics in the Postdigital Age: Social Formations and Althuserrian Pedagogical Gestures".

6770: 6658: 5863: 5583: 2849:, expressed and driven by conflicts and contradictions. Engels clarified: "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. 11617: 10863: 6104: 17336: 16350: 14759: 6456: 2783: 2305:" and "historical materialism", though these terms were coined after Marx's death and their tenets have been challenged by some self-described Marxists. 10662: 14577: 10746:"Declaración Polãtica de la JIR, como Fracción Pública del PRS, por una real independencia de clase (Extractos) – Juventud de Izquierda Revolucionaria" 7414: 2431: 2424: 10525: 10304: 20180: 17060: 17055: 10107: 7624: 18260: 17388: 12484: 10376: 8034: 6059: 5308: 5298: 1611: 7374: 7162:; Brewer, Paul; Shaw, Anthony; Chandler, Malcolm; Cheshire, Gerard; Cranfield, Ingrid; Ralph Lewis, Brenda; Sutherland, Joe; Vint, Robert (2003). 3426:

in contemporary society is inevitable. While the inevitability of an eventual socialist revolution is a controversial debate among many different

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as means to the maintenance and extension of production—on the other, direct individual appropriation, as means of subsistence and of enjoyment."

17596: 4953:, respectively. These struggles were based on both sides' different interpretations of Marxist and Leninist theory based on the situation of the 12412: 18334: 17871: 17851: 17667: 16102: 13388: 4690: 4111:

Marxist education develops Marx's works and those of the movements he influenced in various ways. In addition to the educational psychology of

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is highly contested and has been rejected by many Marxists and other socialists alike. Socialists in general and socialist writers, including

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The early 21st century also saw the election of socialist governments in several Latin American nations, in what has come to be known as the "

17454: 6871: 6662: 5545:, with scholars viewing the development of marginalism more broadly as a response to Marxist economics. Second-generation Austrian economist 105: 17533: 17312: 17282: 9083:

Bourassa, Gregory N. (June 2019). "An Autonomist Biopolitics of Education: Reproduction, Resistance, and the Specter of Constituent Bíos".

7778: 3837:, Marxist humanism reaffirms the doctrine that "man is the measure of all things"—that humans are essentially different to the rest of the 3789: 100: 8256: 12080:"Review of Ernesto Screpanti's Labour and Value: Rethinking Marx's Theory of Exploitation. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2019, 131 pp" 11540: 9406: 8303: 8077: 5129:

model of socialist development, allying with the Soviet Union. One of the leaders of the revolution, the Argentine Marxist revolutionary

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and historical materialism. He is famous for analysing history in terms of class struggle, summarised in the initial line introducing

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Society does not consist of individuals, but expresses the sum of interrelations, the relations within which these individuals stand.

2218: 11785: 10965: 10692: 7586: 19309: 13844: 13149: 11409: 10715: 8492: 7236: 3119: 20246: 19917: 19219: 17014: 13792: 4299: 9785: 4734:. Six weeks later, they published the 12,000-word pamphlet in February 1848. In March, Belgium expelled them, and they moved to 20241: 19338: 17019: 14703: 13393: 10745: 8334:, began to discover the work of Wilhelm Reich for his American audience in the tiny libertarian socialist and anarchist milieu. 6730: 6253: 5526: 4982: 3590: 1044: 1026: 455: 11139:

Horton, John (1977). "A Contribution to the Critique of Academic Marxism: Or How the Intellectuals Liquidate Class Struggle".

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Marx considered recurring class conflicts as the driving force of human history as such conflicts have manifested as distinct

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by saying that if Lafargue's views were considered Marxist, then "one thing is certain and that is that I am not a Marxist."

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These inefficiencies manifest themselves as social contradictions in society which are, in turn, fought out at the level of

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Zaleski, Pawel (2008). "Tocqueville on Civilian Society. A Romantic Vision of the Dichotomic Structure of Social Reality".

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has had a strained relationship with Marxism. Anarchists and many non-Marxist libertarian socialists reject the need for a

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Hartley, John (2003). "Culture from Arnold to Schwarzenegger: Imperial Literacy to Pop Culture (destination democracy?)".

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and establish a revolutionary worker's state. Lenin's government also instituted a number of progressive measures such as

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led the West to take a more aggressive stance towards the Soviet Union and its Leninist allies. Meanwhile, the reformist

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school became accepted within Western academia, subsequently fracturing into several different perspectives, such as the

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The allegations of inconsistency have been a large part of Marxian economics and the debates around it since the 1970s.

5080:, which sought to uphold the central role of the Chinese Communist Party and uphold the principle that China was in the 18327: 17435: 12980: 12914: 12906: 12880: 12810: 12764: 12716: 12668: 12581: 12356: 12330: 12304: 12281: 12246: 12221: 12191: 12169: 12131: 12062: 11945: 11912: 11821: 11656: 11534: 11303: 11258: 11196: 11123: 11091: 11025: 11000: 10638: 10415: 10278: 10228: 9951: 9414: 8554: 8222: 8160: 8071: 7772: 7665: 7482: 5835: 5709: 4720: 14459: 5050:(PRC) was declared in 1949. The new socialist state was to be founded on the ideas of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin. 4433: 4315:

was also a great pioneer of the 'history from below' approach. Living in Britain when he wrote his most notable work,

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has a section dedicated to the issues of Marxist sociology that is "interested in examining how insights from Marxist

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of a society. Conflicts between the development of material productive forces and the relations of production provoke

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professors identify as Marxists, while between 0 and 2% of professors in all other disciplines identify as Marxists.

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and is one of the principal features distinguishing the social classes. The power of one social class to control the

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by those attempting to cast themselves as genuine followers of Marx while casting others in different terms, such as

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Marx distinguishes social classes based on two criteria, i.e. ownership of means of production and control over the

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would not base production on the creation of private profits but on the criteria of satisfying human needs—that is,

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are the founding fathers of Marxist historiography. Today, the senior-most scholars of Marxist historiography are

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longer holds. This result calls into question his theory that exploiting workers is the sole source of profit.

5497:" became shorthand for this critique, evoking the image of citizens' lives being as regimented as the lives of 4878: 4682: 4543: 4412: 4390: 3794: 3151: 3073: 497: 395: 375: 285: 210: 15317: 9362:"Spatializing Marxist Educational Theory: School, the Built Environment, Fixed Capital and (Relational) Space" 5489:, claiming that socialism can only be established through decentralised, non-coercive organisation. Anarchist 599: 20256: 20236: 20194: 20067: 19289: 18320: 18147: 18034: 17836: 16604: 15071: 14828: 14430: 14159: 14015: 13144: 11980: 11494: 10654: 7440: 7408: 5959: 5914: 5574: 5145: 4898: 4183:

constraints in determining historical outcomes. Marxist historiography has contributed to the history of the

2298: 2211: 1746: 649: 418: 305: 16654: 9222:(January 1999). "Explorations in the History of Left Education in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Europe". 20281: 20092: 20087: 19781: 18819: 18452: 18215: 18044: 17999: 17936: 17792: 17767: 17732: 17024: 16482: 16158: 16133: 16055: 15111: 14037: 13953: 13895: 13834: 13255: 13164: 10515: 10298: 10050: 8392:"Yanis Varoufakis thinks we need a radically new way of thinking about the economy, finance and capitalism" 5559: 5053:

From Stalin's death until the late 1960s, there was increased conflict between China and the Soviet Union.

4974: 4290: 3535: 2985: 2604: 1421: 1301: 475: 390: 235: 7614: 3563:

remarked, "Marxism is always open, always critical, always self-critical."Classical Marxism distinguishes

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to describe either Marx's or his views. He claimed that the term was being abusively used as a rhetorical

83: 20286: 20107: 20102: 19887: 17931: 17552: 17462: 16279: 16153: 15851: 15091: 14900: 14858: 14356: 13973: 13691: 13189: 12830: 12474: 11688: 9921: 7537: 7445:

Political Economy: A Textbook issued by the Economics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R

6302: 5514: 5439: 5138: 4845: 4419: 4326: 3381: 2962:(1877), he explained that his ideas were based upon a concrete study of the actual conditions in Europe. 2695: 1929: 1731: 1201: 335: 260: 155: 15046: 10370: 8028: 7390: 5179:

capitalism as the dominant ideological trends in Western politics championed by United States president

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Sayers, Janet; Evans, Mary; Redclift, Nanneke (1987). "Introduction: Engels, socialism, and feminism".

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Rikowski, Glenn (2020). "The Psychology of Capital". In Pejnović, Vesna Stanković; Matić, Ivan (eds.).

7897: 7846: 6906: 5996: 5808: 5538: 5433: 5167:

The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the collapse of most of those socialist states that had professed a

5081: 4715:). After Marx was deported from France in January 1845, they moved to Belgium, which permitted greater 4358: 4051:

Marxian economics is a school of economic thought tracing its foundations to the critique of classical

3838: 3529: 3443: 3427: 2357: 1701: 1676: 1601: 964: 762: 205: 19089: 15193: 13030: 6725: 6385: 34: 20271: 19136: 19079: 18664: 18029: 17946: 17752: 17560: 17344: 17297: 17147: 17039: 16245: 15337: 15272: 15173: 14346: 14000: 13431: 13363: 12794: 12660: 12424: 12406: 11648: 11612: 11366: 11115: 10940: 10795: 10388: 10316: 10024: 8906:

Rikowski, Glenn (December 1997). "Scorched Earth: prelude to rebuilding Marxist educational theory".

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Hudis, Peter; Vidal, Matt; Smith, Tony; Rotta, Tomás; Prew, Paul, eds. (September 2018 – June 2019).

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in Nicaragua. Forging political and economic alliances through international organisations like the

4909:. 50,000 workers had passed a resolution in favour of Bolshevik demand for transfer of power to the 4401: 3333:

that some people subjugate and exploit other people, you're lost in a forest, not knowing anything.

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in that the base initially gives rise to the superstructure and remains the foundation of a form of

2513:

development of the productive forces these relations turn into their fetters. Then begins an era of

20276: 19977: 18094: 18054: 16620: 16437: 16415: 15482: 15342: 14975: 14764: 14505: 13015: 12054: 11295: 11183: 10992: 10775:[The Constitutional Amendment, Orlando Chirino and the C-CURA] (in Spanish). Archived from 9916:

Hamilton, Scott (2012). "Yesterday the struggle: 'Outside the Whale' and the fight for the 1930s".

9184:

History of education for the many: from colonisation and slavery to the decline of U.S. imperialism

8802: 8177:"The Retreat of Social Democracy ... Re-imposition of Work in Britain and the 'Social Europe'" 7568: 7386: 7159: 6517: 5077: 5010: 4539: 4386: 3147: 3051:—the difference between the value produced and the value received by a labourer—is synonymous with 2858: 2204: 1934: 300: 220: 170: 11733: 11566:

Franks, Benjamin (2012). "Between Anarchism and Marxism: the beginnings and ends of the schism…".

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Wolf, Eric R. (Spring 1987). "The Peasant War in Germany: Friedrich Engels as Social Historian".

9256: 8694:"Between Public and Professional: Chinese Sociology and the Construction of a Harmonious Society" 7756: 6863: 6837: 6809: 6652: 5617: 5331: 5315: 5305: 5022: 4970: 4741: 4695: 4591: 4532: 4379: 4238: 4230:

impetus in British politics. Marx's most important works on social and political history include

4209:

which analysed social warfare in early Protestant Germany regarding emerging capitalist classes.

4206: 4083:, the impact of class and class struggle on economic and political processes, and the process of 3811: 3682: 3646: 3448: 3245: 3237: 3140: 2993: 2975: 2815: 2796: 2497: 2420: 2302: 2243: 2099: 2079: 912: 644: 527: 380: 345: 165: 160: 115: 19691: 9046:

De Lissovoy, Noah (January 2011). "Pedagogy in Common: Democratic education in the global era".

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Becker, Samuel L. (18 May 2009). "Marxist approaches to media studies: The British experience".

6064:

Cultural Marxism in Post-War Britain: History, the New Left, and the Origins of Cultural Studies

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Marxism and socialism have received considerable critical analysis from multiple generations of

2508:) improve, existing forms of organising production become obsolete and hinder further progress. 2492:

required to fulfill human material needs. It assumes that the form of economic organisation, or

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and Bolivia, eventually being killed by the Bolivian government, possibly on the orders of the

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from 1966 to 1976 to purge Chinese society of capitalist elements and achieve socialism. Upon

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After Marx died in 1883, Engels became the editor and translator of Marx's writings. With his

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of others. Following this criterion of class based on property relations, Marx identified the

54:

For the political ideology commonly associated with states governed by communist parties, see

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leaders have damaged "the enormous appeal of socialism generated by the October Revolution."

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as the government requested overdetermined historical writing. Notable histories include the

3925:, a great emphasis was placed on the adoption of Marxist archaeology throughout the country. 3905: 3722: 3663: 3520:

political decisions reached by voting in the party are binding for all members of the party.

3517: 3464: 3434:

society is far better for most of the populace than its capitalist counterpart. Prior to the

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Teaching the Actuality of Revolution: Aesthetics, Unlearning, and the Sensations of Struggle

7651: 4157:

The latest field of research examines and develops Marxist pedagogy in the postdigital era.

3874:, an Australian archaeologist and one of the 20th century's most prominent Marxist academics 19947: 19827: 19596: 19403: 19244: 19171: 18863: 18824: 18809: 18343: 18250: 18157: 18114: 18074: 17986: 17762: 17657: 17501: 17140: 17029: 16714: 16584: 16420: 16410: 16355: 16288: 15761: 15467: 15422: 15307: 15076: 14883: 14878: 14873: 14749: 14557: 14495: 14241: 14174: 14141: 14137: 13927: 13917: 13854: 13849: 13746: 13726: 13347: 13337: 13319: 13124: 12820: 12730: 12273: 9723: 8426:"Yanis Varoufakis: We leftists are not necessarily pro public sector – Marx was anti state" 7826: 5627: 5409: 5343: 5168: 4922: 4902: 4799: 4747: 4719:

than other European countries. In January 1846, they returned to Brussels to establish the

4297:, the common points of British Marxist historiography continued in their works. Thompson's 4100: 4092: 3998: 3917: 3827: 3614: 3501: 3423: 3356: 3101: 2850: 2819: 2803: 2663: 2501: 2235: 2084: 2037: 2032: 2017: 2007: 1974: 1949: 1836: 1811: 1711: 1426: 996: 811: 767: 572: 537: 487: 429: 275: 150: 140: 93: 55: 19418: 17132: 16674: 12700: 10776: 8176: 6800: 5717:

animated debates ... Marxian theory (singular) gave way to Marxian theories (plural).

5549:

used praxeological and subjectivist methodology to fundamentally attack the law of value.

5402: 5098: 4699:(1848): "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles." 3023:—the amount of labour performed beyond what is received in goods. Exploitation has been a 881: 385: 8: 20137: 20017: 19987: 19907: 19433: 19373: 18694: 18614: 18167: 18019: 17901: 17866: 17846: 17802: 17797: 17662: 17419: 17290: 17275: 16679: 16360: 16318: 15956: 15786: 15766: 15447: 15267: 15222: 15131: 15121: 15031: 15021: 15000: 14970: 14868: 14808: 14650: 14645: 14640: 14627: 14520: 14437: 14393: 14388: 14381: 14032: 13948: 13877: 13864: 13839: 13812: 13802: 13721: 13606: 13481: 13408: 13368: 13307: 13302: 13297: 13278: 13263: 13159: 13104: 12296: 11773: 11107: 10955: 10684: 7657: 7596: 7582: 6766: 5632: 5537:

regarding scientific methodology, economic theory and political implications. During the

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equals the socially necessary labour time required to produce it. Under such conditions,

3044: 3032: 3013:" was best for wealthy capitalists and workers because it provided them with employment. 3010: 2896: 2842: 2811: 2777: 2713: 2529: 2345: 2325: 2317: 2143: 2094: 1796: 1616: 1106: 747: 727: 722: 614: 604: 552: 542: 460: 440: 295: 215: 110: 19181: 16749: 15756: 15701: 15188: 12507:

Marx in the Mid-twentieth Century: A Yugoslav Philosopher Considers Karl Marx's Writings

11401: 10723: 9553:"Studying like a communist: Affect, the Party, and the educational limits to capitalism" 9325:

Ford, Derek R.; Lewis, Tyson E. (1 March 2018). "On the Freedom to Be Opaque Monsters".

8484: 5927: 5084:

and that it was still working to build a communist society based on Marxist principles.

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and capitalist exploitation is thus realised as deriving surplus value from the worker.

2552:

exploits and oppresses the proletariat; therefore, capitalism will inevitably lead to a

1551: 532: 20266: 20251: 20226: 20149: 20144: 20127: 20122: 19591: 19099: 19036: 18280: 18104: 17976: 17916: 17906: 17757: 17722: 17632: 17229: 17098: 17087: 16884: 16879: 16864: 16844: 16519: 16405: 16370: 16177: 16138: 15881: 15836: 15821: 15611: 15382: 15149: 15096: 15056: 14925: 14915: 14894: 14734: 14635: 14582: 14468: 14410: 14324: 14184: 14164: 14149: 14103: 14052: 14010: 13983: 13888: 13824: 13819: 13807: 13576: 13496: 13240: 13057: 12862: 12854: 12802: 12653: 12570: 12016: 11894: 11459: 11432: 11148: 10960: 10059: 10029: 9869: 9736: 9703: 9668: 9617: 9574: 9533: 9383: 9342: 9293: 9100: 9065: 9028: 9009:

Lewis, Tyson E. (January 2012). "Mapping the Constellation of Educational Marxism(s)".

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Wittfogel, Karl A. (July 1960). "The Marxist View of Russian Society and Revolution".

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as broadly perceived from "what Marx believed." In 1883, Marx wrote to his son-in-law

3551:

Classical Marxism denotes the collection of socio-eco-political theories expounded by

2473: 1631: 20112: 20057: 19897: 19686: 19348: 19274: 19249: 19051: 18853: 18210: 18162: 18004: 17971: 17911: 17876: 17772: 17707: 17647: 17568: 16959: 16814: 16599: 16589: 16365: 16303: 16298: 15991: 15931: 15726: 15437: 15178: 15066: 15061: 14863: 14678: 14657: 14542: 14500: 14403: 14314: 14271: 14251: 14211: 14179: 13872: 13829: 13651: 13541: 13531: 13461: 13290: 13179: 13174: 13139: 13109: 12976: 12950: 12942: 12910: 12886: 12876: 12834: 12806: 12778: 12770: 12760: 12712: 12686: 12664: 12634: 12608: 12577: 12516: 12505: 12444: 12352: 12326: 12319: 12300: 12277: 12242: 12217: 12201: 12187: 12165: 12127: 12058: 11941: 11908: 11868: 11817: 11652: 11530: 11464: 11299: 11254: 11221: 11192: 11119: 11087: 11021: 10996: 10799: 10634: 10411: 10274: 10224: 10188: 10161: 10113: 10086: 10003: 9947: 9826: 9795: 9764: 9707: 9672: 9621: 9578: 9537: 9410: 9387: 9346: 9307: 9297: 9270: 9260: 9201: 9191: 9162: 9137: 9127: 9104: 9069: 9061: 9032: 9024: 8991: 8981: 8958: 8948: 8888: 8878: 8812: 8774: 8746: 8732: 8550: 8323: 8218: 8206: 8156: 8140: 8118: 8109: 8107:

Memos, Christos (2012). "Anarchism and Council Communism on the Russian Revolution".

8067: 8000: 7768: 7731: 7717: 7661: 7327: 7283: 7263: 7171: 7081: 7014: 6930: 6612: 6480: 6426: 6381: 6336: 6326: 6211: 6201: 6159: 6149: 6114: 6086: 6039: 6035: 6008: 5931: 5885: 5831: 5705: 5652: 5448: 5188: 5184: 5058: 5018: 4929: 4918: 4751: 4607: 4426: 4330: 4080: 4052: 4046: 3945: 3932:, who used Marxist theory in his understandings of the development of human society. 3858: 3758: 3730: 3710: 3674: 3546: 3496: 3322: 3221: 3111: 3040: 2827: 2823: 2822:" that derive from the economic base that conditions both the superstructure and the 2584: 2569: 2514: 2385: 2373: 2369: 2349: 2333: 2309: 2301:, the defining characteristics of Marxism have often been described using the terms " 2290: 2289:

In addition to the various schools of thought, which emphasise or modify elements of

2180: 2109: 2069: 2047: 1776: 1761: 1741: 1331: 1251: 1176: 986: 917: 891: 843: 772: 752: 624: 587: 567: 557: 547: 520: 482: 425: 19166: 13661: 13636: 13501: 13025: 12020: 10749: 7356: 6720: 3994: 1571: 1476: 1411: 1361: 1226: 20221: 20117: 20047: 19817: 19736: 19731: 19656: 19631: 19576: 19566: 19556: 19526: 19506: 19496: 19363: 19358: 19316: 19259: 19056: 18739: 18734: 18709: 18654: 18629: 18285: 18205: 18182: 18109: 17994: 17956: 17812: 17782: 17168: 17121: 17111: 16989: 16944: 16934: 16924: 16899: 16779: 16734: 16699: 16669: 16664: 16634: 16539: 16432: 16333: 16269: 16214: 16202: 16075: 15941: 15926: 15901: 15886: 15721: 15651: 15561: 15532: 15517: 15492: 15452: 15442: 15407: 15402: 15347: 15322: 15312: 15282: 15242: 15051: 15036: 14985: 14965: 14833: 14813: 14722: 14376: 14319: 14246: 14216: 14084: 14072: 13963: 13771: 13671: 13566: 13511: 13466: 13456: 13441: 13327: 13230: 13199: 12858: 12752: 12091: 12006: 11998: 11807: 11638: 11577: 11526: 11454: 11446: 11433:"Economic development, political-economic system, and the physical quality of life" 11178: 10212: 9935: 9861: 9695: 9658: 9648: 9607: 9566: 9525: 9494: 9484: 9373: 9334: 9233: 9219: 9092: 9057: 9020: 8917: 8724: 8674: 8648: 8618: 8542: 8395: 8387: 8288: 8144: 7950: 7932: 7906: 7855: 7760: 7709: 7610: 7370: 7273: 7191: 6987: 6983: 6910: 6859: 6804: 6796: 6752: 6648: 6608: 6503: 6410: 6369: 6262: 6100: 6000: 5986: 5972: 5968: 5943: 5923: 5681: 5603: 5555: 5461: 5452: 5390: 5385:. They may combine some Marxist concepts with the ideas of other theorists such as 5196: 5122: 5114: 5054: 4966: 4946: 4886: 4779: 4668: 4647: 4599: 4196: 4130: 4060: 4018: 4010: 3929: 3871: 3782: 3770: 3714: 3633: 3625: 3556: 3505: 3484: 3419: 3372: 3352: 3293:

change, most of whom would enter the proletariat while some would become landlords.

2652: 2641: 2577: 2561: 2485: 2477: 2329: 2267: 2192: 2168: 2104: 2089: 1881: 1816: 1716: 1651: 1626: 1576: 1541: 1501: 1336: 1296: 1261: 1151: 1131: 1081: 1076: 1056: 1011: 981: 927: 876: 871: 838: 737: 694: 639: 582: 185: 67: 19721: 16774: 15277: 15262: 12500: 10487: 10441: 9612: 9593: 9570: 7842:"Karl Marx's sociological theory of democracy: Civil society and political rights" 5739: 4006: 3989:, Marxist sociology emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. With Marx, 3734: 1891: 20174: 19847: 19766: 19726: 19696: 19681: 19646: 19641: 19611: 19586: 19571: 19546: 19531: 19466: 19443: 19428: 19413: 19398: 19269: 19224: 19209: 19199: 19021: 19016: 18873: 18868: 18848: 18836: 18255: 17807: 17677: 17116: 16889: 16769: 16709: 16649: 16544: 16534: 16477: 16395: 16323: 15946: 15916: 15736: 15716: 15711: 15706: 15646: 15636: 15631: 15616: 15586: 15512: 15372: 15352: 15327: 15257: 15217: 15106: 15101: 14980: 14945: 14940: 14935: 14610: 14473: 14336: 14199: 14194: 13596: 13536: 13526: 13521: 13451: 13220: 13194: 13169: 13129: 13119: 13094: 12928: 12898: 12842: 12744: 12738: 12726: 12648: 12432: 12394: 12238: 12157: 11872: 11642: 11595: 11581: 9989: 9943: 9529: 9123: 8764: 8705: 8678: 8662: 8327: 7859: 7788: 7319: 7267: 6418: 6280: 6029: 5990: 5859: 5761: 5685: 5534: 5493:

criticised Marx for his authoritarian bent. The phrases "barracks socialism" or "

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The fidelity of those varied revolutionaries, leaders and parties to the work of

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of Marxism for being too shallow and detached from political action. Zimbabwean

4627: 3826:, Marxist humanists argue that Marx's work was an extension or transcendence of 1531: 20164: 20072: 20062: 19791: 19666: 19651: 19626: 19621: 19616: 19561: 19536: 19491: 19471: 19333: 19304: 19279: 19234: 19214: 19176: 19131: 19011: 19001: 18858: 18689: 18502: 18099: 18064: 17881: 17742: 17717: 17712: 17702: 17672: 16949: 16904: 16894: 16874: 16834: 16789: 16754: 16644: 16639: 16629: 16524: 16497: 16035: 15976: 15936: 15921: 15856: 15846: 15826: 15816: 15806: 15771: 15751: 15691: 15641: 15601: 15576: 15571: 15497: 15427: 15292: 15237: 15086: 14853: 14838: 14769: 14688: 14398: 13912: 13766: 13706: 13676: 13561: 13556: 13476: 13471: 13446: 13099: 12964: 12756: 12748: 12622: 12402: 12265: 11976: 11371: 10372:

1964: On Khrushchov's Phoney Communism and Its Historical Lessons for the World

9967: 9918:

The Crisis of Theory: E. P. Thompson, the New Left and Postwar British Politics

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and Marxist analysis can help explain the complex dynamics of modern society."

3883: 3850: 3766: 3762: 3742: 3738: 3698: 3694: 3610: 3456: 3439: 3360: 3290: 3260: 3107: 3020: 2980: 2889: 2807: 2736: 2709: 2521: 2389: 2377: 2341: 2126: 1954: 1856: 1791: 1781: 1771: 1766: 1686: 1666: 1656: 1646: 1636: 1606: 1586: 1526: 1521: 1506: 1491: 1481: 1401: 1371: 1366: 1356: 1281: 1256: 1246: 1241: 1216: 1206: 1181: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1061: 742: 674: 629: 405: 250: 16849: 16819: 16719: 16040: 15681: 15357: 13010: 12932: 12520: 9205: 8962: 8531:"The Social and Political Views of American College and University Professors" 7954: 6415:

The Blackwell Dictionary of Sociology: A User's Guide to Sociological Language

6373: 6266: 6215: 5258: 5238: 3516:

and can include voting on how surplus labour is to be organised. According to

3455:, led to renewed theoretical effort and valuable contributions from Lenin and 2536:) and the vast majority of the population who produce goods and services (the 2278:. Marxism has had a profound effect in shaping the modern world, with various 1381: 20215: 20097: 19927: 19837: 19786: 19756: 19746: 19676: 19671: 19661: 19521: 19511: 19501: 19476: 19343: 19321: 19239: 19146: 19119: 19104: 19046: 18729: 18240: 18059: 17961: 17951: 17856: 16994: 16984: 16979: 16964: 16859: 16794: 16759: 16739: 16729: 16566: 16487: 16472: 16065: 15906: 15896: 15866: 15841: 15811: 15746: 15741: 15676: 15671: 15591: 15527: 15507: 15417: 15397: 15377: 15227: 14995: 14930: 14920: 14888: 14739: 14727: 14693: 14603: 14594: 14547: 14189: 14047: 13761: 13741: 13731: 13656: 13611: 13591: 13581: 13506: 13486: 12890: 12782: 12734: 12565: 12386: 12370: 12366: 12261: 12257: 10520: 10220: 9887: 9431: 9338: 9237: 9141: 8995: 8921: 8892: 8870: 8136: 8122: 7988: 7697: 7069: 7019: 6314: 6163: 6118: 6004: 5935: 5416: 5382: 5250: 5246: 5230:

was elected into power in Nepal in 2008 following a long guerrilla struggle.

5180: 5161: 5073: 5035: 4938: 4913:. Following the October Revolution, the Soviet government struggled with the 4338: 4304: 4275: 4274:, published in the 1930s to justify the nature of Bolshevik party life under 4184: 4126: 4072: 4064: 3971: 3922: 3754: 3746: 3651: 3568: 3560: 3509: 3460: 3376: 3283:: a historically significant social class that retains some wealth and power. 3211: 3048: 3028: 3024: 2795:) are assumed to stem from economic activity, forming what is considered the 2673: 2620: 2541: 2361: 2294: 2239: 1821: 1691: 1681: 1591: 1466: 1346: 1321: 1316: 1286: 1211: 1116: 1066: 991: 976: 922: 896: 654: 435: 15487: 13036: 12846: 12095: 9637:"Postdigital Possibilities: Operaismo, Co-research, and Educational Inquiry" 9311: 9274: 8148: 7936: 5373:, himself a professional academic, stated: "Its practitioners remind one of 20077: 19761: 19751: 19741: 19606: 19601: 19541: 19516: 19486: 19481: 19388: 19383: 19229: 19109: 18843: 18779: 18649: 18639: 18634: 18553: 18543: 18487: 18377: 18177: 18119: 17926: 17891: 17787: 16969: 16939: 16839: 16829: 16784: 16764: 16704: 16694: 16659: 16462: 16345: 16006: 15986: 15981: 15971: 15911: 15791: 15661: 15387: 15367: 15362: 15332: 15232: 14754: 14572: 14425: 14361: 13958: 13751: 13701: 13696: 13686: 13666: 13621: 13616: 13601: 13491: 13426: 13225: 13184: 12924: 12786: 12512: 12179: 12141: 11674: 11552: 11276: 10208: 9999: 8572: 8278: 8089: 8024: 7683: 7478: 6109: 5647: 5564: 5522: 5118: 5102: 5014: 4954: 4942: 4851: 4832: 4771: 4265: 4176: 4116: 4112: 3913: 3815: 3690: 3572: 3480: 3339: 3272: 3233: 3183: 3115: 2924: 2788: 2672:. In 1882, Engels claimed that Marx had criticised self-proclaimed Marxist 2636: 2565: 2545: 2313: 2286:

political movements taking inspiration from it in varying local contexts.

2251: 2064: 1886: 1861: 1826: 1756: 1751: 1736: 1721: 1671: 1661: 1511: 1496: 1486: 1436: 1406: 1391: 1376: 1341: 1161: 1121: 1071: 1021: 942: 886: 15626: 12838: 11468: 11450: 11247:

Rethinking the Frankfurt School: Alternative Legacies of Cultural Critique

5912:

O'Laughlin, Bridget (October 1975). "Marxist Approaches in Anthropology".

5794:"Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe: From Marxism to the Mainstream?" 4893:. Their newly formed federal state promised to end Russian involvement in 4822: 3475: 3451:, along with the failure of socialist movements to resist the outbreak of 19776: 19771: 19706: 19701: 19551: 19423: 19378: 19368: 19161: 19156: 19094: 19031: 18814: 18789: 18714: 18674: 18644: 18619: 18599: 18578: 18558: 18538: 18528: 18497: 18362: 18152: 18124: 17896: 17697: 17642: 17246:

The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature

17184: 16919: 16914: 16869: 16854: 16824: 16809: 16744: 16724: 16689: 16556: 16551: 16457: 16070: 16060: 16011: 16001: 15996: 15966: 15801: 15776: 15731: 15596: 15537: 15477: 15432: 15247: 15154: 15116: 15041: 14990: 14910: 14662: 14366: 14276: 14204: 14042: 13776: 13756: 13631: 13626: 13586: 13571: 13516: 13421: 12972: 12314: 12123: 12046: 12011: 11516: 11482: 11188: 11079: 10854:"At the height of his power, China's Xi Jinping moves to embrace Marxism" 10630: 10270: 9896: 8488: 7562: 6182: 5579: 5542: 5444: 5363: 5242: 5219: 5199:. Ultimately, Gorbachev's reforms, coupled with rising levels of popular 5160:'s death, his rivals seized political power, and under the leadership of 5130: 4894: 4587: 4583: 4482: 4334: 4257: 4188: 3979: 3803: 3655: 3606: 3452: 3404: 3202: 3198: 3005: 2942: 2932: 2914: 2866: 2767: 2705: 2668: 2548:

within society who contradict one another, a Marxist would conclude that

2537: 2533: 1901: 1846: 1801: 1696: 1641: 1566: 1396: 1386: 1291: 1271: 1231: 1156: 1146: 1136: 937: 634: 507: 195: 130: 13155:"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" 12824: 11152: 10063: 9740: 9663: 6995: 6701: 5215: 2262:. Marxism originates with the works of 19th-century German philosophers 20159: 19967: 19867: 19716: 19636: 19408: 19299: 19141: 19084: 19061: 19026: 18975: 18965: 18933: 18878: 18704: 18684: 18609: 18573: 18477: 18462: 18387: 18312: 18134: 18014: 17682: 17328: 16929: 16684: 16514: 16447: 16442: 16080: 16016: 15696: 15686: 15606: 14744: 14615: 14485: 14444: 14420: 14295: 14256: 13646: 13641: 13551: 13546: 12678: 12002: 11405: 11250: 10366: 10294: 9873: 9489: 9472: 9096: 8546: 8526: 8448: 8238: 8211:

Libertarian communism: Marx Engels and the Political Economy of Freedom

6922: 6603: 6471:

Gregory, Paul R.; Stuart, Robert C. (2003). "Marx's Theory of Change".

5367: 5311: 5294: 5262: 5195:

in March 1985 and sought to abandon Leninist development models toward

5176: 5157: 5030: 5026: 4996: 4874: 4807: 4575: 4546: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4478: 4253: 4175:

influenced by Marxism, the chief tenets of which are the centrality of

3887: 3879: 3798: 3726: 3678: 3670: 3639: 3430:, all Marxists believe socialism is a necessity. Marxists argue that a 3348: 3154: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2938: 2910: 2878: 2792: 2756: 2616: 2549: 2505: 1896: 1706: 1536: 1446: 1441: 1431: 1311: 1236: 1196: 1191: 1031: 831: 806: 502: 125: 12391:

Reclaiming Marx's "Capital": A Refutation of the Myth of Inconsistency

12375:

Aspects of International Socialism, 1871–1914: Essays by Georges Haupt

9499: 9436:"Lenin on Learning and the Development of Revolutionary Consciousness" 8941:

Marxism and education: international perspectives on theory and action

7918: 7892: 7278: 5521:

writing in 1906–1907, and subsequent critics have alleged that Marx's

5017:, the Chinese Communist Revolution occurred within the context of the 19857: 19796: 19353: 18996: 18923: 18908: 18829: 18749: 18744: 18669: 18624: 18604: 18583: 18568: 18548: 18533: 18397: 18357: 18235: 18225: 18049: 18039: 17966: 17164: 17093: 17081: 16909: 16609: 16502: 16492: 16427: 16400: 16128: 16123: 16050: 15876: 15666: 15621: 15556: 15412: 15016: 14955: 14843: 14713: 14589: 14515: 14480: 14304: 14231: 14169: 14127: 14022: 13736: 13681: 13436: 13245: 13080: 12604: 12470: 11984: 11928: 11904:

Marxist Ideology in the Contemporary World: Its Appeals and Paradoxes

10886:"China's huge celebrations of Karl Marx are not really about Marxism" 10157: 10109:

After the Vote Was Won: The Later Achievements of Fifteen Suffragists

10082: 9822: 9514:

Boughton, Bob (June 2013). "Popular education and the 'party line'".

9435: 8944: 8808: 8760: 8670: 8020: 7404: 7382: 7227: 7121: 7077: 7009: 6855: 6792: 6644: 6598: 6531: 6451: 6322: 6146:

Marx, capital, and education: towards a critical pedagogy of becoming

5881: 5877: 5827: 5612: 5498: 5482: 5386: 5323: 5234: 5227: 5172: 5039: 4664: 4579: 4474: 4470: 4342: 4227: 4144:

Marxist analyses of the role of fixed capital in capitalist education

4056: 3990: 3986: 3963: 3951: 3706: 3659: 3629: 3621: 3552: 3431: 3364: 3289:

and farmers: a scattered class incapable of organising and effecting

3286: 3280: 2920: 2846: 2750: 2557: 2509: 2489: 2466: 2337: 2279: 2263: 2131: 2074: 2022: 2002: 1831: 1456: 1051: 1006: 816: 12408:

Karl Marx: A Brief Biographical Sketch with an Exposition of Marxism

9865: 8978:

On Marx: an introduction to the revolutionary intellect of Karl Marx

6914: 6839:

Did Karl Marx's "Turn" the Original Social Theory of Class Struggle?

4521: 4368: 3392: 3129: 2830:, whereby changes to the economic base lead to the superstructure's 2409: 20132: 19711: 19448: 19041: 19006: 18980: 18960: 18913: 18724: 18679: 18563: 18467: 18457: 18422: 18392: 16308: 16237: 16148: 16143: 16045: 15581: 14530: 14525: 14490: 14351: 14261: 13993: 13988: 13882: 13273: 10719: 10492: 10250: 9754: 7705: 6198:

Mean streets: homelessness, public space, and the limits of capital

5502: 5133:, subsequently went on to aid revolutionary socialist movements in 5126: 5093: 4890: 4855: 4795: 4767: 4764: 4180: 3830: 3773:, the latter claiming that Marx himself was a libertarian Marxist. 3686: 3609:

aspects of Marxism. Early currents of libertarian Marxism, such as

3268: 3225: 3063: 2928: 2293:, several Marxian concepts have been incorporated into an array of 2283: 2057: 2052: 1851: 932: 12774: 6340: 5171:

ideology. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the emergence of the

4673: 3447:

production by collective and improved labour." The failure of the

2488:

within any given society by analysing the material conditions and

20169: 20082: 18970: 18938: 18928: 18659: 18492: 18417: 18402: 18382: 17237: 16561: 15961: 15861: 14786: 14266: 11486: 11243:"The Theoretical Hesitation: Benjamin's Sociological Predecessor" 10825: 10596:"Collection: Cuban revolution collection | Archives at Yale" 7603: 5062: 4910: 4735: 3967: 3787:

Marxist humanism was born in 1932 with the publication of Marx's

3396: 3264: 3259:: those who work and can afford to buy little labour power (i.e. 3229: 3035:

enables its exploitation of other classes. Under capitalism, the

2906: 2870: 2854: 2600: 2393: 826: 9995:

The Aesthetic Dimension: Toward a Critique of Marxist Aesthetics

8287:(Lecture), Poetry Center of the New York YM-YWHA, archived from 6446: 6444: 6442: 3867: 2462: 18918: 18719: 18507: 18482: 18472: 18442: 18427: 18192: 15891: 15831: 14552: 13416: 11522:

Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge

11084:

Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge

10821:"No regrets: Xi says Marxism still 'totally correct' for China" 9846:

Krieger, Leonard (June 1953). "Marx and Engels as Historians".

9473:"Right-to-Work and Lenin's Communist Pedagogy: An Introduction" 6318: 5957:

Roseberry, William (21 October 1997). "Marx and Anthropology".

5149: 4978: 4271:

History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)

2900: 2771: 2623:, socialism is not an inevitability but an economic necessity. 2297:. This has led to widely varying conclusions. Alongside Marx's 821: 16221: 16197: 14079: 8719:

Loesche, Frank; Torre, Ilaria (2020). "Creative Destruction".

4325:

Marxist and so outside of the CPGB. In India, B. N. Datta and

3578:

ce qu'il y a de certain c'est que moi, je ne suis pas Marxiste

2528:, this struggle materialises between the minority who own the 2187: 356:

Their Morals and Ours: The class foundations of moral practice

18948: 18437: 18372: 14536: 8135: 7893:"Karl Marx on Democracy, Participation, Voting, and Equality" 7653:

Remaking the Chinese State: Strategies, Society, and Security

7038: 6439: 5381:

outdated regarding certain aspects of economic, political or

5047: 3215: 2941:: capitalists are the ruling class who create and employ the 2874: 2862: 14095: 13049: 9290:

Social movements, civil society, and radical adult education

8412:

Yanis Varoufakis describes himself as a "libertarian Marxist

7993:

Revolutionary Marxism and Social Reality in the 20th Century

7050: 6604:

Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy

5193:

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

3380:

ruling classes to protect their economic privilege, it will

2270:. Marxism has developed over time into various branches and 18943: 18367: 18024: 17518:

Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy

17479:

The Part Played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man

17254:

The Philosophical Manifesto of the Historical School of Law

17162: 7026: 6355: 4013:

were among its most notable members. During the 1940s, the

3479:

The Soviet of Workers' Deputies of St. Petersburg in 1905:

326:

An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital

12601:

Rethinking Marxism: From Kant and Hegel to Marx and Engels

10136:

Lenin's Plan for Building Socialism in the USSR, 1917–1925

10106:

Adams, Katherine H.; Keene, Michael L. (10 January 2014).

9253:

Red pedagogy: Native American social and political thought

8869: 8579: 7269:

Labour and Value: Rethinking Marx's Theory of Exploitation

7116: 7114: 7112: 7110: 6864:"Letter from Marx to Editor of the Otecestvenniye Zapisky" 6356:"Marxism and Science Studies: A Sweep through the Decades" 4785: 4217:

with class analysis and attempts a dialectical analysis.

3581:' ('what is certain is that I myself am not a Marxist')." 2246:

interpretation of historical development, better known as

18512: 18407: 17510:

The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State

12969:

Marxism and the Philosophy of Science: A Critical History

11159: 10858: 10773:"La Enmienda Constitucional, Orlando Chirino y la C-CURA" 7744: 6552: 6550: 5676: 5674: 4303:

is one of the works commonly associated with this group.

4063:. Marxian economics concerns itself with the analysis of 3717:. Notable theorists of libertarian Marxism have included 3709:. Libertarian Marxism has often strongly influenced both 12903:

Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition

10627:

The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations

9403:

New Understanding of Capital in the Twenty-First Century

6762:

Anti-Dühring: Herr Eugen Dühring's Revolution in Science

4264:

English society. Marxist historiography suffered in the

3958:

associated with ... Marxism's objective of developing a

146:

The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State

17611: 17526:

A Contribution to the History of Primitive Christianity

11214:

Introduction to Critical Theory: Horkheimer to Habermas

8464: 8243:"The Principle of Self-Emancipation in Marx and Engels" 7158: 7107: 4928:

In 1919, the nascent Soviet Government established the

3650:; emphasising the Marxist belief in the ability of the 3591:

List of communist ideologies § Libertarian Marxism

3062:, exploitation of the worker was achieved via physical 12576:(2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. 11382: 10575:"Selected Works of Deng Xiaopeng Volume 3 (1982–1992)" 10563:"Selected Works of Deng Xiaopeng Volume 2 (1975–1982)" 10551:"Selected Works of Deng Xiaopeng Volume 1 (1938–1965)" 8934: 8305:

Orgone Addicts: Wilhelm Reich Versus The Situationists

8153:

Non-Leninist Marxism: Writings on the Workers Councils

7794: 7620:

Origins of the Family, Private Property, and the State

6569: 6567: 6565: 6547: 6473:

Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century

5671: 4760:

Origins of the Family, Private Property, and the State

4465:

Marxist literary criticism is a loose term describing

3387: 3338:— Cuban revolutionary and Marxist–Leninist politician 8507: 8155:. St. Petersburg, Florida: Red and Black Publishers. 8060:

Hall, Stuart; Morely, Dave; Chen, Kuan-Hsing (1996).

7459: 6311:

Marxism and Psychoanalysis: In or Against Psychology?

6307:"Marxism, Psychoanalysis, and Critique of Psychology" 5029:

over the country's future. Throughout the Civil War,

4223:

The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844

4001:. The first Marxist school of sociology was known as 3878:

According to a 2007 survey of American professors by

3662:, libertarian Marxism is one of the main currents of 11985:"The Rise and Decline of General Laws of Capitalism" 10468: 10184:

The Blackwell Encyclopedia of the Russian Revolution

10139:. Novosti Press Agency Publishing House. p. 48. 10048:

Carver, Terrell (Winter 1985). "Engels's Feminism".

9757:; Saad-Filho, Alfredo; Boffo, Marco (January 2012). 8346:

Howard, Dick (1975). "Introduction to Castoriadis".

8129: 5593: 3833:. Whereas other Marxist philosophies see Marxism as 17337:

A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy

11848: 10456: 10076: 9753: 9429: 8591: 8063:

Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies

7581: 6625: 6579: 6562: 6457:

A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy

6313:. Concepts for Critical Psychology (1st ed.). 6279: 4393:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3210:the proletariat as the worker's labour generates a 2784:

A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy

12652: 12569: 12205: 11930:Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth 11852:Value, Prices and Money. Comparing Marx and Menger 11716:(1952) . "Value and Price in the Marxian System". 7819:Journal of the Ohara Institute for Social Research 6938: 6361:International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 6295: 6285:Learning the Media: Introduction to Media Teaching 5689: 5513:Other critiques come from an economic standpoint. 4103:, have been fitted for use in capitalist systems. 3224:: the outcasts of society, such as the criminals, 2274:, and as a result, there is no single, definitive 12929:"Marxism, Class Conflict, and the Conflict Helix" 11849:Nenovsky, Nikolay; Karpouzanov, Momtchil (2010), 11693:Economic Essays on Value, Competition and Utility 11369:(20–27 October 1997). "The Return of Karl Marx". 8841:"Vygotsky's revolutionary educational psychology" 8766:Theories of Surplus-Value: "Volume IV" of Capital 7200:. London: Progress Publishers. p. Footnote. 6967: 6965: 6464: 4658: 3384:as its conditions of existence have disappeared. 2735:— Russian Marxist theoretician and revolutionary 2564:—as the means of production—would be replaced by 20213: 18261:Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun 12941: 11975: 11867: 11430: 7969:"Report on the Unity Congress of the R.S.D.L.P." 7585:; Holleman, Hannah; Clark, Brett (1 July 2020). 6950: 5541:, a theory of subjective value was developed by 5422: 5299:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party 5266:mistakes due to him lacking a Marxist analysis. 4067:in capitalism, the role and distribution of the 11728: 11712: 10207: 7825:(1). Translated by Schauerte, M. Archived from 7643: 7272:. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers. p. 75. 6714: 6405: 6403: 4153:the pedagogical function of the Communist Party 4141:the educational aesthetics of Marxist education 3970:as part of the mobilisation of a revolutionary 3628:. Libertarian Marxist currents often draw from 2787:(1859). All constituent features of a society ( 2645:during the dispute between Marx's orthodox and 12655:Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society 12071: 11147:(1/2). Social Justice/Global Options: 78–104. 10685:"New Maoist-led government installed in Nepal" 10624: 10516:"Deng Xiaoping's legacy: The Great Stabiliser" 10348:The Sino-Soviet Conflict: A Global Perspective 9892:"The Historians' Group of the Communist Party" 9592:Ford, Derek R.; Jandrić, Petar (19 May 2021). 8059: 6972:Holmstrom, Nancy (June 1977). "Exploitation". 6962: 5911: 5873:Routledge Handbook of Marxism and Post-Marxism 5858:(2021). "Foundation: Karl Marx (1818–83)". In 4289:While some members of the group, most notably 3669:Libertarian Marxism includes currents such as 3347:This new way of thinking was invented because 2540:). Starting with the conjectural premise that 18328: 17597: 17455:The Condition of the Working Class in England 17389:Marx's notebooks on the history of technology 17148: 16253: 14111: 13065: 13041: 12947:An Outline of the History of Economic Thought 12627:The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx 12349:Prehistorian: A Biography of V. Gordon Childe 11631: 11608:, translated and edited by Sam Dolgoff, 1971" 10792:Hermeneutic Communism: From Heidegger to Marx 10789: 9818:Fifty Key Works of History and Historiography 7152: 6470: 6301: 5237:"; dominated by the Venezuelan government of 4199:' most important historical contribution was 3658:to mediate or aid its liberation. Along with 2957: 2544:occurs due to the struggle between different 2212: 106:The Condition of the Working Class in England 18834: 17534:Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Germany 17283:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 12084:Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics 11877:An Outline of the History of Economic Theory 11588: 11509: 11475: 11245:. In Nealon, Jeffrey T.; Irr, Caren (eds.). 10217:The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought 9783: 9441:Journal of Critical Education Policy Studies 8873:; Pruyn, Marc; Huerta-Charles, Luis (2016). 8800: 8718: 8525: 7961: 6400: 5680: 5467: 5314:has announced a deepening commitment of the 5072:Following Mao's death and the ascendancy of 4739: 4704: 4293:and E. P. Thompson, left the CPGB after the 4200: 4087:. Although the Marxian school is considered 3841:and should be treated so by Marxist theory. 3790:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 3654:to forge its destiny without the need for a 3637: 3576: 3244:. Having no interest in national, let alone 2951: 2754: 2591:and incapable of improving the population's 101:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 18770: 12325:. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co. 12230: 12039: 11359:, p. 3: "Marx's value theory would be 11177: 10956:"Fox Hunter, Party Animal, Leftist Warrior" 9591: 9045: 7649: 6508:"III [Historical Materialism]]" 6498: 6496: 5824:Encyclopedia of Political Economy, Volume 2 5362:Some Marxists have criticised the academic 15: 18335: 18321: 17604: 17590: 17321:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 17155: 17141: 16260: 16246: 14118: 14104: 13072: 13058: 12699: 12647: 12437:"The Foundation of Historical Materialism" 12156: 12051:A General Theory of Exploitation and Class 11907:. Books for Libraries Press. p. 124. 11758:. Vol. II, 1929–1990. Princeton, NJ: 11753: 11350: 11337: 11323:. Vol. II, 1929–1990. Princeton, NJ: 11318: 11289: 11165: 11064:. Vol. II, 1929–1990. Princeton, NJ: 11059: 10986: 10790:Vattimo, Gianni; Zabala, Santiago (2011). 10332:A Century of Chinese Revolution, 1851–1949 10244:Lisichkin, G. (1989). "Mify i real'nost'" 10105: 9634: 9120:Communist study: education for the commons 8019: 7890: 7530: 7514:Lenin: A Study on the Unity of his Thought 7240:. Vol. 1. Moscow: Progress Publishers 7056: 7044: 7032: 6854: 6791: 6643: 6537:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 6143: 5821: 4925:becoming the dominant ideological strain. 4917:and several independence movements in the 4349:, most of whom are now over 75 years old. 3954:from a Marxist perspective, is "a form of 3916:in 1929, when a young archaeologist named 3818:and interpretations of Marx rooted in the 3801:society found in his later works, such as 2965: 2219: 2205: 246:Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses 121:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 16: 18221:The East wind prevails over the West wind 12853: 12351:. Bradford-on-Avon, UK: Moonraker Press. 12077: 12010: 11806: 11754:Howard, M. C.; King, J. E. (1992). "12". 11458: 10991:. Translated by Shukman, Harold. London: 10716:"Chavez accelerates on path to socialism" 10243: 10153:Evgeny Pashukanis: A Critical Reappraisal 10133:Ugri͡umov, Aleksandr Leontʹevich (1976). 10132: 9934: 9787:The Problem of Freedom in Marxist Thought 9662: 9652: 9611: 9498: 9488: 9377: 9324: 9218: 8909:British Journal of Sociology of Education 8533:. In Gross, Neil; Simmons, Solon (eds.). 8205: 7815:"An Introduction to the Theory of Crisis" 7650:Zhao, Jianmin; Dickson, Bruce J. (2001). 7277: 7262: 6971: 6896: 5956: 4578:based on or derived from the theories of 4562:Learn how and when to remove this message 4453:Learn how and when to remove this message 4311:is another example of this group's work. 4252:dealing with the historical emergence of 4233:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon 3620:Libertarian Marxism is often critical of 3170:Learn how and when to remove this message 2679: 2450:Learn how and when to remove this message 18342: 17313:The Class Struggles in France, 1848–1850 12897: 12829:. Phoenix Books (1st Phoenix ed.). 12793: 12725: 12499: 12117: 11893: 11687: 11338:Howard, M. C.; King, J. E. (1992). "7". 11319:Howard, M. C.; King, J. E. (1992). "7". 11187:. Translated by Poster, Mark. New York: 10914: 10818: 10264: 9966: 9915: 9886: 9763:. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 212. 9760:The Elgar Companion to Marxist Economics 9513: 9400: 9082: 8905: 8801:Aghion, Philippe; Howitt, Peter (1998). 8691: 8645:"About the Section on Marxist Sociology" 8603: 8458: 7872: 7346: 7237:Capital: A Critique of Political Economy 7232:"The Buying and Selling of Labour-Power" 6493: 6228: 6195: 6179:Understanding Film: Marxist Perspectives 6027: 5854: 5289: 5214: 5097: 4672: 3866: 3474: 3391: 3120:Three-component theory of stratification 2979: 2603:while pursuing military aggression. The 2472: 2461: 24:This is an accepted version of this page 19918:Reflections on the Revolution in France 17261:Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right 17015:International Trade Union Confederation 14573:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought 12963: 12621: 12540:"The Standpoint of Socialised Humanity" 12431: 12200: 11637: 11594: 11402:"GDP per capita growth (annual %)" 11365: 11240: 11072: 10474: 10344: 10180: 10022: 9988: 9845: 9814: 8637: 8585: 8482: 8470: 7765:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190695545.001.0001 7700:(2011). "Withering Away of the State". 7477: 6687: 6409: 6353: 6099: 6080: 6058: 5985: 5025:, founded in 1921, conflicted with the 4881:. The Bolsheviks established the first 4786:Russian Revolution and the Soviet Union 4300:The Making of the English Working Class 2651:followers. Kautsky's revisionist rival 14: 20214: 17020:International Union of Socialist Youth 14578:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path 12923: 12819: 12677: 12560:– via Marxists Internet Archive. 12495:– via Marxists Internet Archive. 12465:– via Marxists Internet Archive. 12443:. Beacon Press Boston. pp. 1–48. 12385: 12256:Edgley, Roy (1991) . "Philosophy". In 12255: 12178: 12140: 12045: 11957:from the original on 23 September 2008 11921: 11565: 11515: 11481: 11431:Cereseto, S; Waitzkin, H (June 1986). 11388: 11356: 11342:. Vol. 1929–1990. Princeton, NJ: 11138: 11106: 11078: 11040: 10953: 10713: 10462: 10401: 10329: 10254:(in Russian). Vol. 3. p. 59. 10047: 9517:Globalisation, Societies and Education 9470: 9250: 9181: 8975: 8838: 8513: 8386: 8345: 8237: 7987: 7812: 7696: 7504: 7465: 7369: 7190: 6874:from the original on 29 September 2020 6870:. New York: International Publishers. 6751: 6665:from the original on 29 September 2020 6502: 6254:Critical Studies in Mass Communication 6250: 5692:Economics: Marxian versus Neoclassical 5527:tendency of the rate of profit to fall 5241:; this trend also saw the election of 4983:Socialism with Chinese Characteristics 4171:Marxist historiography is a school of 3039:is the operative concern, whereby the 2595:due to its need to compensate for the 2587:and its proponents view capitalism as 2430:Please improve this section by adding 1027:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 18316: 17585: 17382:Mathematical manuscripts of Karl Marx 17136: 16241: 16103:International socialist organizations 14099: 13969:Mass killings under communist regimes 13053: 13040: 12534: 12457:from the original on 12 November 2020 12401: 12365: 12346: 12313: 12290: 11788:from the original on 13 February 2020 11738:Karl Marx and the Close of his System 11497:from the original on 13 November 2004 11015: 10851: 10629:. 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University of Georgia Press. 6189: 6170: 6137: 6093: 6074: 6052: 6021: 5558:rekindled the debate about the 5210: 5205:dissolution of the Soviet Union 5107:United Nations General Assembly 4531:needs additional citations for 4378:needs additional citations for 4150:the educational theory of Lenin 4122:Schooling in Capitalist America 3300:dictatorship of the proletariat 3139:needs additional citations for 2990:Industrial Workers of the World 2802:The base includes the material 700:Theory of historical trajectory 578:Dictatorship of the proletariat 281:Hegemony and Socialist Strategy 181:History and Class Consciousness 136:Critique of the Gotha Programme 20247:Eponymous political ideologies 20155:Separation of church and state 20053:Collectivism and individualism 20008:The Origins of Totalitarianism 17942:Socially necessary labour time 15092:Organizational self-management 12871:(2nd ed.). Indianapolis: 12685:. Cambridge University Press. 12441:Studies in Critical Philosophy 11756:A History of Marxian Economics 11340:A History of Marxian Economics 11321:A History of Marxian Economics 11218:University of California Press 11062:A History of Marxian Economics 10023:Beamish, Rob (18 March 1998). 9976:University of California Press 9972:Marxism and Literary Criticism 9360:Ford, Derek R. (August 2014). 8839:Malott, Curry (16 July 2021). 8692:Xiaogang, Wu (May–June 2009). 8667:Foundations of Critical Theory 8539:Johns Hopkins University Press 7997:Humanities Press International 7972:"VIII. 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New Haven, CT / London: 11938:Ludwig von Mises Institute 11782:Ludwig von Mises Institute 11760:Princeton University Press 11730:von Bortkiewicz, Ladislaus 11714:von Bortkiewicz, Ladislaus 11697:Cambridge University Press 11649:W. W. Norton & Company 11487:"Science as Falsification" 11344:Princeton University Press 11325:Princeton University Press 11116:W. W. Norton & Company 11066:Princeton University Press 11020:. Heinemann. p. 273. 10408:Cambridge University Press 10334:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 10112:. McFarland. p. 109. 9700:10.1007/s42438-021-00238-4 9654:10.1007/s42438-019-00089-0 9379:10.2304/pfie.2014.12.6.784 8721:Encyclopedia of Creativity 7847:The Social Science Journal 7840:Niemi, William L. (2011). 6907:Cambridge University Press 5997:Cambridge University Press 5995:(2nd ed.). New York: 5809:Friedrich Ebert Foundation 5471: 5434:The Poverty of Historicism 5396: 5347: 5341: 5146:People's Republic of China 5091: 5082:primary stage of socialism 5057:, which first began under 5048:People's Republic of China 4964: 4789: 4689:of the working class, the 4662: 4653: 4509: 4359:Marxist literary criticism 4356: 4164: 4044: 3939: 3897: 3848: 3780: 3594: 3588: 3544: 3533: 3530:Marxist schools of thought 3527: 3428:Marxist schools of thought 3214:greater than the worker's 3105: 3099: 2969: 2699: 2689: 2683: 2589:economically unsustainable 206:Dialectic of Enlightenment 53: 20190: 20040: 19809: 19457: 19190: 19070: 18989: 18901: 18892: 18758: 18592: 18521: 18350: 18294: 18191: 18133: 18045:People's democratic state 18030:General line of the party 17985: 17821: 17753:Revolutionary spontaneity 17617: 17561:Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe 17544: 17446: 17401: 17345:Theories of Surplus Value 17298:The Poverty of Philosophy 17221: 17182: 17175: 17107: 17074: 17048: 17040:Young European Socialists 17003: 16618: 16575: 16388: 16377: 16277: 16167: 16116: 16093: 16025: 15546: 15338:William Batchelder Greene 15273:Francisco Largo Caballero 15202: 15163: 15139: 15130: 15009: 14799: 14671: 14626: 14453: 14289: 14148: 14135: 14061: 13936: 13905: 13863: 13785: 13407: 13356: 13318: 13254: 13213: 13087: 13047: 13042:Links to related articles 13011:Resources in your library 12661:Stanford University Press 12511:. Garden City, New York: 12425:Marxists Internet Archive 11613:Marxists Internet Archive 11241:Jameson, Fredric (2002). 11086:. Routledge. p. 49. 10993:Weidenfeld & Nicolson 10941:Marxists Internet Archive 10796:Columbia University Press 10389:Marxists Internet Archive 10330:Franke, Wolfgang (1970). 10317:Marxists Internet Archive 8875:This fist called my heart 8615:Encyclopedia of Sociology 8529:; Simmons, Solon (2014). 8047:Marxists Internet Archive 7976:Marxists Internet Archive 7955:10.1080/08935690009358994 7637:Marxists Internet Archive 7518:Marxists Internet Archive 7453:Marxists Internet Archive 7427:Marxists Internet Archive 7375:"Letter to Franz Mehring" 7347:McCarney, Joseph (2005). 7250:Marxists Internet Archive 7214:Marxists Internet Archive 7134:Marxists Internet Archive 7102:A Dictionary of Sociology 6884:Marxists Internet Archive 6675:Marxists Internet Archive 6374:10.1080/02698590701498126 6267:10.1080/15295038409360014 6177:Wayne, Mike, ed. 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Norton and Company 11292:Main Currents of Marxism 11184:The Mirror of Production 11041:Ollman, Bertell (1957). 11018:Sociology in Perspective 10689:World Socialist Web Site 10300:Quotes from Mao Tse Tung 10245: 9339:10.1215/17432197-4312940 9257:Rowman & Littlefield 9238:10.1080/0030923990350101 8922:10.1080/0142569970180405 8804:Endogenous growth theory 8284:Government In The Future 7967:Lenin, Vladimir (1906). 7387:International Publishers 6721:"Historical materialism" 6518:Marxist Internet Archive 6479:Publishing. p. 62. 6454:(1859). 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(2023). 8769:. Vol. 2. London: 7937:"Marxism and democracy" 7813:Kuruma, Samezo (1929). 7757:Oxford University Press 7533:"Marxism and the state" 7130:The Communist Manifesto 6810:The Communist Manifesto 6726:Encyclopædia Britannica 6657:. Vol. 5. Moscow: 5618:Influences on Karl Marx 5332:authoritarian socialist 5316:Chinese Communist Party 5306:Chinese Communist Party 5023:Chinese Communist Party 4971:Chinese Communist Party 4742:Neue Rheinische Zeitung 4728:The Communist Manifesto 4696:The Communist Manifesto 4592:dialectical materialist 4286:(CPGB) formed in 1946. 4239:The Communist Manifesto 4220:Engels' short treatise 3918:Vladislav I. Ravdonikas 3906:theoretical development 3886:professors and 5.0% of 3812:dialectical materialism 3647:The Civil War in France 3449:1905 Russian Revolution 2976:Criticism of capitalism 2966:Criticism of capitalism 2959:Otechestvennyje Zapiski 2816:relations of production 2797:base and superstructure 2781:(1845) and the preface 2498:base and superstructure 2303:dialectical materialism 2244:dialectical materialist 1002:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 645:Relations of production 528:Base and superstructure 381:Dialectical materialism 346:The Revolution Betrayed 166:Terrorism and Communism 161:Philosophical Notebooks 116:The Communist Manifesto 20292:Historical materialism 18835: 18785:Clash of civilizations 18771: 18090:Socialist accumulation 17738:Proletarian revolution 17693:Historical materialism 17423:(1845, published 1932) 17332:(1857, published 1939) 17286:(1844, published 1932) 17269:On the Jewish Question 17264:(1843, published 1927) 17203:Das Kapital, Volume II 16595:Evolutionary socialism 15852:José Carlos Mariátegui 15797:E. M. S. Namboodiripad 15782:Martin Luther King Jr. 15463:Luis Emilio Recabarren 15458:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 15393:Alexandre Ledru-Rollin 15082:Labor-time calculation 15047:Decentralized planning 14951:Proletarian revolution 14906:State-owned enterprise 14824:Criticism of socialism 12545:Marx at the Millennium 12234:The Meaning of Marxism 12231:D'Amato, Paul (2006). 12186:. 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Thousand Oaks, CA: 12603:. London / New York: 12599:Agar, Jolyon (2006). 12347:Green, Sally (1981). 12321:Marx's Concept of Man 12214:Yale University Press 12208:The Real Fidel Castro 12164:. 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It uses a 2236:political philosophy 2193:Socialism portal 2169:Communism portal 2038:History of communism 2033:Economic determinism 2018:Criticism of Marxism 2008:Creative destruction 768:Marxism and religion 488:Scientific socialism 391:Philosophy of nature 276:Imagined Communities 141:Dialectics of Nature 20282:Theories of history 20138:Right-wing politics 20018:A Theory of Justice 19988:The Road to Serfdom 19908:The Social Contract 18615:Christian democracy 18168:Transitional demand 18035:National liberation 18020:Enemy of the people 17902:Means of production 17663:Bourgeois socialism 17648:Bourgeois democracy 17420:The German Ideology 17291:Theses on Feuerbach 17276:Notes on James Mill 16885:Liebknecht (father) 16361:Revolutions of 1848 15957:George Bernard Shaw 15872:François Mitterrand 15787:Alexandra Kollontai 15767:Jayaprakash Narayan 15448:Constantin Pecqueur 15268:Philippe Buonarroti 15223:John Goodwyn Barmby 15122:Workplace democracy 15032:Calculation in kind 15022:Anarchist economics 14971:Socialist economics 14869:Equality of outcome 14809:Anarchist economics 14521:Ho Chi Minh Thought 14438:Orthodox Trotskyism 14394:Libertarian Marxism 14389:Left-libertarianism 14033:Socialist economics 13949:Anti anti-communism 13878:Red flag (politics) 13343:Third International 13333:First International 13160:Market abolitionism 13105:Class consciousness 12899:Robinson, Cedric J. 12826:Marxism: An Autopsy 12262:Kiernan, V. 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The 3317:The German Ideology 3275:to the proletariat. 3242:class consciousness 3033:means of production 2897:Primitive communism 2843:social organisation 2812:means of production 2778:The German Ideology 2635:was popularised by 2530:means of production 2490:economic activities 1925:Capital & Class 605:False consciousness 553:Commodity fetishism 543:Class consciousness 461:Means of production 296:The Age of Extremes 216:The Long Revolution 151:What Is to Be Done? 111:The German Ideology 21:Page version status 20287:Types of socialism 20150:Political violence 20145:Political theology 20128:Left-wing politics 20123:Political spectrum 18281:Social imperialism 18105:Social imperialism 17977:Worker cooperative 17917:Production for use 17907:Mode of production 17758:Revolutionary wave 17723:Petite bourgeoisie 17633:Barracks communism 17537:(1896, posthumous) 17230:Scorpion and Felix 17214:(1894, posthumous) 17206:(1885, posthumous) 17099:Types of socialism 17088:The Internationale 16520:Social corporatism 16371:Welfare capitalism 16139:Marxist philosophy 16056:Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu 15882:Gamal Abdel Nasser 15837:Alasdair MacIntyre 15612:Simone de Beauvoir 15383:Ferdinand Lassalle 15150:Tommaso Campanella 15097:Production for use 15057:Economic democracy 14926:Mode of production 14916:Left-wing politics 14895:The Internationale 14583:Xi Jinping Thought 14053:Worker cooperative 14011:National communism 13984:Left-wing politics 13889:The Internationale 13241:Economic democracy 12943:Screpanti, Ernesto 12863:David R. 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Adorno 4572: 4571: 4564: 4463: 4462: 4455: 4437: 4053:political economy 4047:Marxian economics 3946:Marxist sociology 3859:Marxist geography 3759:Ernesto Screpanti 3731:Raya Dunayevskaya 3715:social anarchists 3675:council communism 3547:Classical Marxism 3497:liberal democracy 3323:political economy 3305:Without defining 3222:Lumpenproletariat 3180: 3179: 3172: 3112:Classless society 3027:feature of every 2824:dominant ideology 2585:Marxian economics 2570:socialist economy 2515:social revolution 2460: 2459: 2452: 2374:political economy 2370:political science 2310:school of thought 2291:classical Marxism 2229: 2228: 2070:Political ecology 2048:Marxian economics 987:Council communism 955: 954: 882:Neue Marx-Lektüre 844:Regulation school 733:Cultural analysis 625:Lumpenproletariat 568:Cultural hegemony 558:Communist society 548:Classless society 483:Productive forces 221:Guerrilla Warfare 94:Theoretical works 39:19 September 2024 18: 20299: 20272:Social democracy 20118:Political ethics 20108:Machiavellianism 20048:Authoritarianism 20033: 20023: 20013: 20003: 19993: 19983: 19973: 19963: 19953: 19943: 19933: 19923: 19913: 19903: 19893: 19883: 19873: 19863: 19853: 19843: 19833: 19823: 18899: 18898: 18840: 18776: 18766:Balance of power 18740:Social democracy 18735:Social Darwinism 18710:Multiculturalism 18655:Environmentalism 18630:Communitarianism 18337: 18330: 18323: 18314: 18313: 18286:Struggle session 18206:Anti-revisionism 18183:World revolution 18110:Soviet democracy 17995:Anti-revisionism 17987:Marxist–Leninist 17957:Subject of labor 17887:Free association 17830: 17813:World revolution 17803:Workers' control 17798:Workers' council 17783:Two-stage theory 17626: 17606: 17599: 17592: 17583: 17582: 17180: 17179: 17169:Friedrich Engels 17157: 17150: 17143: 17134: 17133: 17122:Socialism portal 17112:Economics portal 17008: 16890:Liebknecht (son) 16655:Batlle y Ordóñez 16623: 16578: 16453:Internationalism 16433:Environmentalism 16383: 16282: 16272: 16270:Social democracy 16262: 16255: 16248: 16239: 16238: 16225: 16224: 16213: 16212: 16211: 16201: 16200: 16187: 16186: 16175: 16174: 16076:Yanis Varoufakis 16029: 15942:Jean-Paul Sartre 15927:Bertrand Russell 15902:Sylvia Pankhurst 15887:Jawaharlal Nehru 15757:Dolores Ibárruri 15722:Einar Gerhardsen 15702:Alexander Dubček 15652:Nikolai Bukharin 15562:Salvador Allende 15550: 15533:Wilhelm Weitling 15518:Suzanne Voilquin 15503:William Thompson 15493:Lysander Spooner 15453:Georgi Plekhanov 15443:Giovanni Pascoli 15408:Errico Malatesta 15403:Helen Macfarlane 15348:Alexander Herzen 15323:Friedrich Engels 15318:Prosper Enfantin 15313:W. E. B. Du Bois 15283:Edward Carpenter 15243:Eduard Bernstein 15206: 15189:Sylvain Maréchal 15167: 15143: 15137: 15136: 15102:Public ownership 15052:Direct democracy 15037:Common ownership 15001:Workers' council 14986:State capitalism 14901:Internationalism 14834:Critique of work 14814:Anti-revisionism 14496:Marxism–Leninism 14330:Left-wing market 14287: 14286: 14247:Social democracy 14130: 14120: 14113: 14106: 14097: 14096: 14083: 14082: 14071: 14070: 14069: 13974:Internationalism 13964:Communitarianism 13328:Communist League 13231:Common ownership 13200:World revolution 13150:Free association 13074: 13067: 13060: 13051: 13050: 13038: 13037: 12986: 12960: 12938: 12920: 12894: 12855:Prychitko, David 12850: 12816: 12790: 12722: 12696: 12674: 12659:. Stanford, CA: 12658: 12649:Dahrendorf, Ralf 12644: 12618: 12587: 12575: 12561: 12559: 12557: 12531: 12529: 12527: 12510: 12496: 12494: 12492: 12466: 12464: 12462: 12433:Marcuse, Herbert 12428: 12422: 12420: 12398: 12382: 12362: 12343: 12341: 12339: 12324: 12310: 12287: 12272:(2nd ed.). 12252: 12227: 12211: 12197: 12175: 12158:Callinicos, Alex 12153: 12137: 12104: 12103: 12075: 12069: 12068: 12043: 12037: 12036: 12034: 12032: 12014: 11973: 11967: 11966: 11964: 11962: 11956: 11935: 11925: 11919: 11918: 11891: 11885: 11884: 11873:Zamagni, Stefano 11865: 11859: 11858: 11857: 11846: 11840: 11839: 11837: 11835: 11804: 11798: 11797: 11795: 11793: 11770: 11764: 11763: 11751: 11745: 11741: 11725: 11707: 11701: 11700: 11685: 11679: 11678: 11672: 11670: 11635: 11629: 11628: 11627: 11625: 11596:Bakunin, Mikhail 11592: 11586: 11585: 11563: 11557: 11556: 11550: 11548: 11527:Psychology Press 11513: 11507: 11506: 11504: 11502: 11479: 11473: 11472: 11462: 11428: 11422: 11421: 11419: 11417: 11398: 11392: 11386: 11380: 11379: 11354: 11348: 11347: 11335: 11329: 11328: 11316: 11310: 11309: 11287: 11281: 11280: 11274: 11272: 11238: 11232: 11231: 11209: 11203: 11202: 11175: 11169: 11163: 11157: 11156: 11136: 11130: 11129: 11104: 11098: 11097: 11076: 11070: 11069: 11057: 11051: 11050: 11049:. pp. 1, 6. 11038: 11032: 11031: 11013: 11007: 11006: 10984: 10978: 10977: 10975: 10973: 10951: 10945: 10944: 10938: 10936: 10912: 10906: 10905: 10903: 10901: 10882: 10876: 10875: 10873: 10871: 10849: 10843: 10842: 10840: 10838: 10816: 10810: 10809: 10787: 10781: 10780: 10768: 10762: 10761: 10759: 10757: 10742: 10736: 10735: 10733: 10731: 10722:. Archived from 10711: 10705: 10704: 10702: 10700: 10681: 10675: 10674: 10672: 10670: 10651: 10645: 10644: 10631:The New Republic 10622: 10616: 10615: 10613: 10611: 10592: 10586: 10582: 10577:. Archived from 10570: 10569:on 3 April 2008. 10565:. Archived from 10558: 10553:. Archived from 10544: 10538: 10537: 10535: 10533: 10512: 10506: 10505: 10503: 10501: 10496:. 9 October 2007 10484: 10478: 10472: 10466: 10460: 10454: 10453: 10451: 10449: 10428: 10422: 10421: 10399: 10393: 10392: 10386: 10384: 10363: 10357: 10356: 10351:. Archived from 10342: 10336: 10335: 10327: 10321: 10320: 10314: 10312: 10291: 10285: 10284: 10262: 10256: 10255: 10241: 10235: 10234: 10205: 10199: 10198: 10178: 10172: 10171: 10147: 10141: 10140: 10130: 10124: 10123: 10103: 10097: 10096: 10079:Engels Revisited 10074: 10068: 10067: 10045: 10039: 10038: 10020: 10014: 10013: 9990:Marcuse, Herbert 9986: 9980: 9979: 9964: 9958: 9957: 9932: 9926: 9925: 9913: 9907: 9906: 9905:on 10 June 2023. 9901:. Archived from 9884: 9878: 9877: 9843: 9837: 9836: 9812: 9806: 9805: 9781: 9775: 9774: 9751: 9745: 9744: 9718: 9712: 9711: 9683: 9677: 9676: 9666: 9656: 9632: 9626: 9625: 9615: 9589: 9583: 9582: 9548: 9542: 9541: 9511: 9505: 9504: 9502: 9492: 9468: 9462: 9461: 9459: 9457: 9427: 9421: 9420: 9398: 9392: 9391: 9381: 9357: 9351: 9350: 9322: 9316: 9315: 9285: 9279: 9278: 9248: 9242: 9241: 9216: 9210: 9209: 9179: 9173: 9172: 9152: 9146: 9145: 9115: 9109: 9108: 9080: 9074: 9073: 9043: 9037: 9036: 9019:(sup1): 98–114. 9006: 9000: 8999: 8973: 8967: 8966: 8932: 8926: 8925: 8903: 8897: 8896: 8867: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8856: 8836: 8830: 8829: 8827: 8825: 8798: 8792: 8791: 8789: 8787: 8757: 8751: 8750: 8716: 8710: 8709: 8708:on 2 April 2015. 8689: 8683: 8682: 8663:Fuchs, Christian 8659: 8653: 8652: 8647:. Archived from 8641: 8635: 8634: 8632: 8630: 8607: 8601: 8595: 8589: 8583: 8577: 8576: 8570: 8568: 8523: 8517: 8511: 8505: 8504: 8502: 8500: 8480: 8474: 8473:, pp. 1–48. 8468: 8462: 8452: 8446: 8445: 8443: 8441: 8421: 8415: 8414: 8409: 8407: 8384: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8373: 8358: 8352: 8351: 8343: 8337: 8336: 8319: 8317: 8299: 8293: 8292: 8275: 8269: 8268: 8266: 8264: 8235: 8229: 8228: 8203: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8192: 8173: 8167: 8166: 8133: 8127: 8126: 8104: 8098: 8097: 8087: 8085: 8057: 8051: 8050: 8044: 8042: 8017: 8011: 8010: 7985: 7979: 7965: 7959: 7958: 7929: 7923: 7922: 7898:Political Theory 7888: 7882: 7881: 7870: 7864: 7863: 7837: 7831: 7830: 7810: 7804: 7798: 7792: 7782: 7781:on 1 April 2022. 7777:. Archived from 7742: 7736: 7735: 7708:. p. 1776. 7694: 7688: 7687: 7681: 7679: 7647: 7641: 7640: 7634: 7632: 7607: 7601: 7600: 7595:. Archived from 7579: 7573: 7572: 7567:. Archived from 7553: 7547: 7546: 7541:. Archived from 7538:Socialist Appeal 7528: 7522: 7521: 7502: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7475: 7469: 7463: 7457: 7456: 7437: 7431: 7430: 7424: 7422: 7401: 7395: 7394: 7389:. Archived from 7381:. Translated by 7367: 7361: 7360: 7355:. Archived from 7344: 7338: 7337: 7311: 7305: 7304: 7298: 7296: 7281: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7247: 7245: 7224: 7218: 7217: 7211: 7209: 7188: 7182: 7181: 7156: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7145: 7118: 7105: 7098: 7092: 7091: 7066: 7060: 7054: 7048: 7042: 7036: 7030: 7024: 7023: 7006: 7000: 6999: 6969: 6960: 6954: 6948: 6942: 6936: 6935:Quote at p. 493. 6934: 6905:(4). Cambridge: 6894: 6888: 6887: 6881: 6879: 6852: 6846: 6845: 6844: 6833: 6827: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6789: 6783: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6749: 6743: 6742: 6740: 6738: 6719:, eds. (2020) . 6715:Chambre, Henri; 6712: 6706: 6705: 6685: 6679: 6678: 6672: 6670: 6641: 6635: 6629: 6623: 6622: 6609:Penguin Classics 6595: 6589: 6583: 6577: 6571: 6560: 6559:, p. 18–19. 6554: 6545: 6544: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6500: 6491: 6490: 6468: 6462: 6461: 6448: 6437: 6436: 6407: 6398: 6397: 6395: 6393: 6351: 6345: 6344: 6299: 6293: 6292: 6281:Alvarado, Manuel 6277: 6271: 6270: 6248: 6242: 6241: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6193: 6187: 6186: 6174: 6168: 6167: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6130: 6121:. Archived from 6097: 6091: 6090: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6056: 6050: 6049: 6025: 6019: 6018: 5983: 5977: 5976: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5909: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5860:Callinicos, Alex 5852: 5846: 5845: 5819: 5813: 5812: 5798: 5789: 5783: 5782: 5776: 5774: 5758: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5747: 5738:. Archived from 5726: 5720: 5719: 5695: 5686:Resnick, Stephen 5678: 5606: 5604:Communism portal 5601: 5600: 5599: 5556:Ludwig von Mises 5462:pseudoscientific 5393:is one example. 5391:Frankfurt School 5249:in Ecuador, and 5197:social democracy 5169:Marxist–Leninist 5123:July 26 Movement 5115:Cuban Revolution 5055:De-Stalinisation 5005: 4967:Anti-revisionism 4947:Right Opposition 4923:Marxism–Leninism 4887:soviet democracy 4848: 4825: 4800:Marxism–Leninism 4780:Marxist feminism 4746:, a politically 4745: 4708: 4669:Friedrich Engels 4648:Raymond Williams 4640:Jacques Rancière 4600:Mikhail Lifshitz 4582:. It involves a 4567: 4560: 4556: 4553: 4547: 4524: 4516: 4458: 4451: 4447: 4444: 4438: 4436: 4395: 4371: 4363: 4291:Christopher Hill 4204: 4197:Friedrich Engels 4131:Marvin Gettleman 4077:economic systems 4061:Friedrich Engels 4029:states, such as 4019:Frankfurt School 4011:Antonio Labriola 3930:V. Gordon Childe 3872:V. Gordon Childe 3783:Marxist humanism 3771:Yanis Varoufakis 3643: 3634:Friedrich Engels 3626:social democrats 3615:Marxism–Leninism 3580: 3557:Friedrich Engels 3506:Soviet democracy 3420:orthodox Marxist 3373:common ownership 3353:common ownership 3343: 3175: 3168: 3164: 3161: 3155: 3132: 3124: 2961: 2955: 2931:evolve into the 2762: 2760: 2740: 2714:People's history 2653:Eduard Bernstein 2642:orthodox Marxist 2593:living standards 2578:Friedrich Engels 2562:private property 2486:social phenomena 2478:Friedrich Engels 2455: 2448: 2444: 2441: 2435: 2412: 2404: 2330:cultural studies 2268:Friedrich Engels 2221: 2214: 2207: 2191: 2190: 2179: 2178: 2177: 2167: 2166: 2165: 2144:Workers' council 1965:Race & Class 872:Frankfurt School 839:Neo-Gramscianism 812:Marxism–Leninism 794: 793: 738:Cultural Studies 695:World revolution 640:Private property 186:Prison Notebooks 86: 63: 62: 56:Marxism–Leninism 20307: 20306: 20302: 20301: 20300: 20298: 20297: 20296: 20277:Social theories 20212: 20211: 20210: 20205: 20204: 20199: 20186: 20175:Totalitarianism 20036: 20031: 20021: 20011: 20001: 19991: 19981: 19971: 19961: 19951: 19941: 19931: 19921: 19911: 19901: 19891: 19881: 19871: 19861: 19851: 19848:Treatise on Law 19841: 19831: 19821: 19801: 19459: 19453: 19192: 19186: 19072: 19066: 18985: 18888: 18874:State of nature 18869:Social contract 18849:Ordered liberty 18837:Noblesse oblige 18754: 18588: 18517: 18346: 18341: 18311: 18306: 18290: 18187: 18129: 17981: 17824: 17823: 17817: 17808:World communism 17678:Commodification 17620: 17619: 17613: 17610: 17580: 17575: 17540: 17442: 17412:The Holy Family 17403: 17393: 17217: 17171: 17161: 17131: 17126: 17117:Politics portal 17103: 17070: 17044: 17004: 16999: 16619: 16614: 16576: 16571: 16535:Socialist state 16478:Nationalization 16396:Civil liberties 16384: 16375: 16278: 16273: 16268: 16266: 16236: 16231: 16219: 16209: 16207: 16195: 16163: 16112: 16085: 16021: 15947:Arthur Scargill 15917:Pierre Renaudel 15737:Antonio Gramsci 15717:Muammar Gaddafi 15712:Faiz Ahmad Faiz 15707:Albert Einstein 15647:Aristide Briand 15637:Murray Bookchin 15632:Grace Lee Boggs 15617:Walter Benjamin 15587:Chiang Kai-shek 15567:Inejirō Asanuma 15542: 15513:Benjamin Tucker 15373:Peter Kropotkin 15353:Thomas Hodgskin 15328:Charles Fourier 15308:Théodore Dézamy 15258:Philippe Buchez 15218:Mikhail Bakunin 15198: 15174:Gracchus Babeuf 15159: 15126: 15107:Social dividend 15005: 14981:Socialist state 14946:Post-capitalism 14941:Planned economy 14936:Nationalization 14801: 14791: 14667: 14622: 14457: 14449: 14347:Insurrectionary 14293: 14285: 14151: 14144: 14131: 14126: 14124: 14094: 14089: 14077: 14067: 14065: 14057: 13932: 13901: 13859: 13781: 13403: 13352: 13314: 13250: 13221:Planned economy 13209: 13195:World communism 13170:Labour movement 13130:Communist state 13120:Communist party 13095:Anti-capitalism 13083: 13078: 13043: 13022: 13021: 13020: 13005: 13004: 13000: 12993: 12983: 12965:Sheehan, Helena 12957: 12917: 12883: 12813: 12801:. Basingstoke: 12795:McLellan, David 12767: 12719: 12693: 12671: 12641: 12623:Avineri, Shlomo 12615: 12595: 12593:Further reading 12590: 12584: 12555: 12553: 12525: 12523: 12490: 12488: 12460: 12458: 12451: 12418: 12416: 12403:Lenin, Vladimir 12395:Lexington Books 12359: 12337: 12335: 12333: 12307: 12284: 12266:Miliband, Ralph 12249: 12239:Haymarket Books 12224: 12194: 12172: 12134: 12113: 12108: 12107: 12076: 12072: 12065: 12044: 12040: 12030: 12028: 11977:Acemoglu, Daron 11974: 11970: 11960: 11958: 11954: 11948: 11933: 11927: 11926: 11922: 11915: 11892: 11888: 11866: 11862: 11855: 11847: 11843: 11833: 11831: 11824: 11805: 11801: 11791: 11789: 11772: 11771: 11767: 11752: 11748: 11744: 11708: 11704: 11689:Dmitriev, V. K. 11686: 11682: 11668: 11666: 11659: 11636: 11632: 11623: 11621: 11593: 11589: 11564: 11560: 11546: 11544: 11537: 11529:. p. 449. 11514: 11510: 11500: 11498: 11480: 11476: 11429: 11425: 11415: 11413: 11400: 11399: 11395: 11387: 11383: 11375:. p. 252. 11355: 11351: 11336: 11332: 11317: 11313: 11306: 11288: 11284: 11270: 11268: 11261: 11239: 11235: 11228: 11210: 11206: 11199: 11176: 11172: 11166:Callinicos 2010 11164: 11160: 11137: 11133: 11126: 11118:. p. 300. 11105: 11101: 11094: 11077: 11073: 11058: 11054: 11039: 11035: 11028: 11014: 11010: 11003: 10995:. p. 173. 10985: 10981: 10971: 10969: 10952: 10948: 10934: 10932: 10913: 10909: 10899: 10897: 10884: 10883: 10879: 10869: 10867: 10850: 10846: 10836: 10834: 10817: 10813: 10806: 10798:. p. 122. 10788: 10784: 10769: 10765: 10755: 10753: 10744: 10743: 10739: 10729: 10727: 10712: 10708: 10698: 10696: 10683: 10682: 10678: 10668: 10666: 10653: 10652: 10648: 10641: 10623: 10619: 10609: 10607: 10594: 10593: 10589: 10585: 10573: 10561: 10557:on 10 May 2008. 10549: 10545: 10541: 10531: 10529: 10514: 10513: 10509: 10499: 10497: 10486: 10485: 10481: 10473: 10469: 10461: 10457: 10447: 10445: 10430: 10429: 10425: 10418: 10400: 10396: 10382: 10380: 10364: 10360: 10343: 10339: 10328: 10324: 10310: 10308: 10292: 10288: 10281: 10263: 10259: 10247: 10242: 10238: 10231: 10223:. p. 506. 10215:, eds. (1999). 10206: 10202: 10195: 10179: 10175: 10168: 10148: 10144: 10131: 10127: 10120: 10104: 10100: 10093: 10075: 10071: 10046: 10042: 10021: 10017: 10010: 9987: 9983: 9968:Eagleton, Terry 9965: 9961: 9954: 9944:Wiley-Blackwell 9933: 9929: 9914: 9910: 9890:(9 June 2023). 9885: 9881: 9866:10.2307/2707808 9844: 9840: 9833: 9825:. p. 247. 9813: 9809: 9802: 9782: 9778: 9771: 9752: 9748: 9719: 9715: 9684: 9680: 9633: 9629: 9590: 9586: 9549: 9545: 9512: 9508: 9469: 9465: 9455: 9453: 9428: 9424: 9417: 9399: 9395: 9358: 9354: 9323: 9319: 9304: 9286: 9282: 9267: 9249: 9245: 9217: 9213: 9198: 9180: 9176: 9169: 9153: 9149: 9134: 9124:Lexington Books 9116: 9112: 9081: 9077: 9044: 9040: 9007: 9003: 8988: 8974: 8970: 8955: 8933: 8929: 8904: 8900: 8885: 8868: 8864: 8854: 8852: 8837: 8833: 8823: 8821: 8819: 8799: 8795: 8785: 8783: 8781: 8758: 8754: 8739: 8717: 8713: 8690: 8686: 8660: 8656: 8643: 8642: 8638: 8628: 8626: 8609: 8608: 8604: 8596: 8592: 8584: 8580: 8566: 8564: 8557: 8524: 8520: 8512: 8508: 8498: 8496: 8481: 8477: 8469: 8465: 8453: 8449: 8439: 8437: 8422: 8418: 8405: 8403: 8385: 8381: 8371: 8369: 8360: 8359: 8355: 8344: 8340: 8332:Gestalt Therapy 8328:The Empire City 8315: 8313: 8300: 8296: 8276: 8272: 8262: 8260: 8236: 8232: 8225: 8204: 8200: 8190: 8188: 8175: 8174: 8170: 8163: 8137:Gorter, Hermann 8134: 8130: 8105: 8101: 8083: 8081: 8074: 8058: 8054: 8040: 8038: 8018: 8014: 8007: 7986: 7982: 7966: 7962: 7930: 7926: 7889: 7885: 7874:Miliband, Ralph 7871: 7867: 7838: 7834: 7811: 7807: 7799: 7795: 7789:Wayback Machine 7775: 7743: 7739: 7724: 7695: 7691: 7677: 7675: 7668: 7648: 7644: 7630: 7628: 7608: 7604: 7580: 7576: 7571:on 3 June 2024. 7554: 7550: 7545:on 6 June 2023. 7529: 7525: 7503: 7499: 7489: 7487: 7476: 7472: 7464: 7460: 7439: 7438: 7434: 7420: 7418: 7402: 7398: 7368: 7364: 7345: 7341: 7334: 7312: 7308: 7294: 7292: 7290: 7261: 7257: 7243: 7241: 7225: 7221: 7207: 7205: 7189: 7185: 7178: 7157: 7153: 7143: 7141: 7119: 7108: 7099: 7095: 7088: 7067: 7063: 7057:Callinicos 2010 7055: 7051: 7045:Callinicos 2010 7043: 7039: 7033:Callinicos 2010 7031: 7027: 7007: 7003: 6970: 6963: 6955: 6951: 6943: 6939: 6915:10.2307/2009334 6895: 6891: 6877: 6875: 6853: 6849: 6842: 6834: 6830: 6820: 6818: 6790: 6786: 6776: 6774: 6750: 6746: 6736: 6734: 6713: 6709: 6686: 6682: 6668: 6666: 6642: 6638: 6630: 6626: 6619: 6611:. p. 265. 6596: 6592: 6584: 6580: 6572: 6563: 6555: 6548: 6529: 6525: 6506:(Spring 1880). 6501: 6494: 6487: 6469: 6465: 6449: 6440: 6433: 6419:Wiley-Blackwell 6408: 6401: 6391: 6389: 6352: 6348: 6333: 6300: 6296: 6278: 6274: 6249: 6245: 6230:Eagleton, Terry 6227: 6223: 6208: 6194: 6190: 6175: 6171: 6156: 6142: 6138: 6128: 6126: 6103:(16 May 2013). 6098: 6094: 6079: 6075: 6060:Dworkin, Dennis 6057: 6053: 6046: 6026: 6022: 6015: 5999:. p. 337. 5984: 5980: 5955: 5951: 5910: 5906: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5868:Pradella, Lucia 5856:Pradella, Lucia 5853: 5849: 5838: 5830:. p. 107. 5820: 5816: 5796: 5790: 5786: 5772: 5770: 5760: 5759: 5755: 5745: 5743: 5742:on 16 July 2022 5728: 5727: 5723: 5712: 5679: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5602: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5511: 5491:Mikhail Bakunin 5480: 5472:Main articles: 5470: 5447:criticised the 5425: 5399: 5371:Alex Callinicos 5356: 5346: 5340: 5275:Santiago Zabala 5213: 5096: 5090: 5065:, were seen as 5007: 5002:Little Red Book 4994: 4985: 4965:Main articles: 4963: 4951:Left Opposition 4883:socialist state 4867: 4866: 4865: 4864: 4863: 4849: 4841: 4840: 4837:Bolshevik party 4826: 4815: 4810: 4790:Main articles: 4788: 4776:feminist theory 4712:The Holy Family 4677:Marx and Engels 4671: 4663:Main articles: 4661: 4656: 4636:Louis Althusser 4624:Antonio Gramsci 4620:Walter Benjamin 4616:Herbert Marcuse 4568: 4557: 4551: 4548: 4537: 4525: 4514: 4508: 4500:Fredric Jameson 4492:Walter Benjamin 4488:Mikhail Bakhtin 4459: 4448: 4442: 4439: 4396: 4394: 4384: 4372: 4361: 4355: 4169: 4163: 4109: 4069:surplus product 4049: 4043: 4023:critical theory 4015:Western Marxist 3999:early sociology 3956:conflict theory 3948: 3940:Main articles: 3938: 3902: 3896: 3865: 3847: 3835:natural science 3824:Louis Althusser 3785: 3779: 3751:Anton Pannekoek 3719:Maurice Brinton 3685:, parts of the 3599: 3593: 3587: 3549: 3543: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3489:workers council 3473: 3390: 3345: 3337: 3176: 3165: 3159: 3156: 3145: 3133: 3122: 3104: 3098: 3053:surplus labour, 3019:is a matter of 2978: 2972:Anti-capitalism 2968: 2953:marche générale 2766:Marxism uses a 2763: 2749: 2742: 2734: 2720: 2698: 2688: 2682: 2629: 2601:social benefits 2456: 2445: 2439: 2436: 2429: 2425:primary sources 2413: 2402: 2382:science studies 2295:social theories 2256:social conflict 2225: 2185: 2175: 2173: 2163: 2161: 2149: 2148: 2122:Universal class 2013:Conflict theory 1993: 1985: 1984: 1960:New Left Review 1915: 1907: 1906: 1047: 1037: 1036: 967: 957: 956: 867:Budapest School 791: 790:Common variants 783: 782: 713: 705: 704: 670: 660: 659: 563:Critical theory 523: 513: 512: 493:Surplus product 421: 411: 410: 371: 361: 360: 231:Reading Capital 96: 59: 52: 47: 46: 45: 44: 43: 42: 26: 12: 11: 5: 20305: 20295: 20294: 20289: 20284: 20279: 20274: 20269: 20264: 20259: 20254: 20249: 20244: 20239: 20234: 20229: 20224: 20207: 20206: 20201: 20200: 20198: 20197: 20191: 20188: 20187: 20185: 20184: 20177: 20172: 20167: 20165:Social justice 20162: 20157: 20152: 20147: 20142: 20141: 20140: 20135: 20130: 20120: 20115: 20110: 20105: 20100: 20095: 20090: 20085: 20080: 20075: 20073:Egalitarianism 20070: 20065: 20063:Contractualism 20060: 20055: 20050: 20044: 20042: 20038: 20037: 20035: 20034: 20024: 20014: 20004: 19994: 19984: 19974: 19964: 19954: 19944: 19934: 19924: 19914: 19904: 19894: 19884: 19874: 19864: 19854: 19844: 19834: 19824: 19813: 19811: 19807: 19806: 19803: 19802: 19800: 19799: 19794: 19789: 19784: 19779: 19774: 19769: 19764: 19759: 19754: 19749: 19744: 19739: 19734: 19729: 19724: 19719: 19714: 19709: 19704: 19699: 19694: 19689: 19684: 19679: 19674: 19669: 19664: 19659: 19654: 19649: 19644: 19639: 19634: 19629: 19624: 19619: 19614: 19609: 19604: 19599: 19594: 19589: 19584: 19579: 19574: 19569: 19564: 19559: 19554: 19549: 19544: 19539: 19534: 19529: 19524: 19519: 19514: 19509: 19504: 19499: 19494: 19489: 19484: 19479: 19474: 19469: 19463: 19461: 19455: 19454: 19452: 19451: 19446: 19441: 19436: 19431: 19426: 19421: 19416: 19411: 19406: 19401: 19396: 19391: 19386: 19381: 19376: 19371: 19366: 19361: 19356: 19351: 19346: 19341: 19336: 19331: 19330: 19329: 19319: 19314: 19313: 19312: 19302: 19297: 19292: 19287: 19282: 19277: 19272: 19267: 19262: 19257: 19252: 19247: 19242: 19237: 19232: 19227: 19222: 19217: 19212: 19207: 19202: 19196: 19194: 19188: 19187: 19185: 19184: 19179: 19174: 19169: 19164: 19159: 19154: 19149: 19144: 19139: 19134: 19129: 19128: 19127: 19117: 19112: 19107: 19102: 19097: 19092: 19087: 19082: 19076: 19074: 19068: 19067: 19065: 19064: 19059: 19054: 19049: 19044: 19039: 19034: 19029: 19024: 19019: 19014: 19009: 19004: 18999: 18993: 18991: 18987: 18986: 18984: 18983: 18978: 18973: 18968: 18963: 18958: 18957: 18956: 18946: 18941: 18936: 18931: 18926: 18921: 18916: 18911: 18905: 18903: 18896: 18890: 18889: 18887: 18886: 18881: 18876: 18871: 18866: 18861: 18859:Overton window 18856: 18851: 18846: 18841: 18832: 18827: 18822: 18817: 18812: 18807: 18802: 18797: 18792: 18787: 18782: 18777: 18768: 18762: 18760: 18756: 18755: 18753: 18752: 18747: 18742: 18737: 18732: 18727: 18722: 18717: 18712: 18707: 18702: 18697: 18692: 18690:Libertarianism 18687: 18682: 18677: 18672: 18667: 18662: 18657: 18652: 18647: 18642: 18637: 18632: 18627: 18622: 18617: 18612: 18607: 18602: 18596: 18594: 18590: 18589: 18587: 18586: 18581: 18576: 18571: 18566: 18561: 18556: 18551: 18546: 18541: 18536: 18531: 18525: 18523: 18519: 18518: 18516: 18515: 18510: 18505: 18500: 18495: 18490: 18485: 18480: 18475: 18470: 18465: 18460: 18455: 18450: 18445: 18440: 18435: 18430: 18425: 18420: 18415: 18410: 18405: 18400: 18395: 18390: 18385: 18380: 18375: 18370: 18365: 18360: 18354: 18352: 18348: 18347: 18340: 18339: 18332: 18325: 18317: 18308: 18307: 18305: 18304: 18298: 18296: 18292: 18291: 18289: 18288: 18283: 18278: 18273: 18268: 18263: 18258: 18253: 18248: 18243: 18238: 18233: 18228: 18223: 18218: 18213: 18208: 18203: 18197: 18195: 18189: 18188: 18186: 18185: 18180: 18175: 18170: 18165: 18160: 18155: 18150: 18145: 18139: 18137: 18131: 18130: 18128: 18127: 18122: 18117: 18112: 18107: 18102: 18100:Social fascism 18097: 18092: 18087: 18085:Self-criticism 18082: 18077: 18072: 18067: 18065:Real socialism 18062: 18057: 18052: 18047: 18042: 18037: 18032: 18027: 18022: 18017: 18012: 18007: 18002: 17997: 17991: 17989: 17983: 17982: 17980: 17979: 17974: 17969: 17964: 17959: 17954: 17949: 17944: 17939: 17934: 17929: 17924: 17919: 17914: 17909: 17904: 17899: 17894: 17889: 17884: 17882:Exchange value 17879: 17874: 17869: 17864: 17859: 17854: 17849: 17844: 17839: 17833: 17831: 17819: 17818: 17816: 17815: 17810: 17805: 17800: 17795: 17790: 17785: 17780: 17775: 17770: 17765: 17760: 17755: 17750: 17745: 17743:Pure communism 17740: 17735: 17730: 17725: 17720: 17718:Metabolic rift 17715: 17713:Means of labor 17710: 17705: 17703:Liquidationism 17700: 17695: 17690: 17685: 17680: 17675: 17673:Class struggle 17670: 17665: 17660: 17655: 17650: 17645: 17640: 17635: 17629: 17627: 17615: 17614: 17609: 17608: 17601: 17594: 17586: 17577: 17576: 17574: 17573: 17565: 17557: 17548: 17546: 17542: 17541: 17539: 17538: 17530: 17522: 17514: 17506: 17498: 17490: 17482: 17475: 17467: 17459: 17450: 17448: 17444: 17443: 17441: 17440: 17432: 17424: 17416: 17407: 17405: 17399: 17398: 17395: 17394: 17392: 17391: 17386: 17378: 17370: 17363: 17356: 17349: 17341: 17333: 17325: 17317: 17309: 17302: 17294: 17287: 17279: 17272: 17265: 17257: 17250: 17242: 17234: 17225: 17223: 17219: 17218: 17216: 17215: 17207: 17199: 17190: 17188: 17177: 17173: 17172: 17160: 17159: 17152: 17145: 17137: 17128: 17127: 17125: 17124: 17119: 17114: 17108: 17105: 17104: 17102: 17101: 17096: 17091: 17084: 17078: 17076: 17072: 17071: 17069: 17068: 17063: 17058: 17052: 17050: 17046: 17045: 17043: 17042: 17037: 17032: 17027: 17022: 17017: 17011: 17009: 17001: 17000: 16998: 16997: 16992: 16987: 16982: 16977: 16972: 16967: 16962: 16957: 16952: 16947: 16942: 16937: 16932: 16927: 16922: 16917: 16912: 16907: 16902: 16897: 16892: 16887: 16882: 16877: 16872: 16867: 16862: 16857: 16852: 16847: 16842: 16837: 16832: 16827: 16822: 16817: 16812: 16807: 16802: 16797: 16792: 16787: 16782: 16777: 16772: 16767: 16762: 16757: 16752: 16747: 16742: 16737: 16732: 16727: 16722: 16717: 16712: 16707: 16702: 16697: 16692: 16687: 16682: 16677: 16672: 16667: 16662: 16657: 16652: 16647: 16642: 16637: 16632: 16626: 16624: 16616: 16615: 16613: 16612: 16607: 16602: 16597: 16592: 16587: 16581: 16579: 16573: 16572: 16570: 16569: 16564: 16559: 16554: 16549: 16548: 16547: 16542: 16532: 16527: 16525:Social justice 16522: 16517: 16512: 16507: 16506: 16505: 16500: 16490: 16485: 16480: 16475: 16470: 16465: 16460: 16455: 16450: 16445: 16440: 16435: 16430: 16425: 16424: 16423: 16418: 16416:Representative 16413: 16408: 16398: 16392: 16390: 16386: 16385: 16378: 16376: 16374: 16373: 16368: 16363: 16358: 16353: 16348: 16343: 16342: 16341: 16336: 16326: 16324:Labor movement 16321: 16316: 16311: 16306: 16301: 16296: 16291: 16285: 16283: 16275: 16274: 16265: 16264: 16257: 16250: 16242: 16233: 16232: 16230: 16229: 16217: 16205: 16193: 16181: 16168: 16165: 16164: 16162: 16161: 16156: 16151: 16146: 16141: 16136: 16131: 16126: 16120: 16118: 16114: 16113: 16111: 16110: 16105: 16099: 16097: 16091: 16090: 16087: 16086: 16084: 16083: 16078: 16073: 16068: 16063: 16058: 16053: 16048: 16043: 16038: 16036:Pedro Castillo 16032: 16030: 16023: 16022: 16020: 16019: 16014: 16009: 16004: 15999: 15994: 15989: 15984: 15979: 15977:E. P. Thompson 15974: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15954: 15949: 15944: 15939: 15937:Bernie Sanders 15934: 15929: 15924: 15922:B. T. Ranadive 15919: 15914: 15909: 15904: 15899: 15894: 15889: 15884: 15879: 15874: 15869: 15864: 15859: 15857:Adrien Marquet 15854: 15849: 15847:Nelson Mandela 15844: 15839: 15834: 15829: 15827:Rosa Luxemburg 15824: 15819: 15817:Vladimir Lenin 15814: 15809: 15807:Henri Lefebvre 15804: 15799: 15794: 15789: 15784: 15779: 15774: 15772:Russell Jacoby 15769: 15764: 15759: 15754: 15752:Saddam Hussein 15749: 15744: 15739: 15734: 15729: 15724: 15719: 15714: 15709: 15704: 15699: 15694: 15692:Eugene V. Debs 15689: 15684: 15679: 15674: 15669: 15664: 15659: 15654: 15649: 15644: 15642:Bertolt Brecht 15639: 15634: 15629: 15624: 15619: 15614: 15609: 15604: 15602:Henri Barbusse 15599: 15594: 15589: 15584: 15579: 15577:Clement Attlee 15574: 15572:Hafez al-Assad 15569: 15564: 15559: 15553: 15551: 15544: 15543: 15541: 15540: 15535: 15530: 15525: 15520: 15515: 15510: 15505: 15500: 15498:Fred M. Taylor 15495: 15490: 15485: 15480: 15475: 15470: 15465: 15460: 15455: 15450: 15445: 15440: 15435: 15430: 15428:William Morris 15425: 15420: 15415: 15410: 15405: 15400: 15395: 15390: 15385: 15380: 15375: 15370: 15365: 15360: 15355: 15350: 15345: 15340: 15335: 15330: 15325: 15320: 15315: 15310: 15305: 15300: 15295: 15293:James Connolly 15290: 15285: 15280: 15275: 15270: 15265: 15260: 15255: 15250: 15245: 15240: 15238:Edward Bellamy 15235: 15230: 15225: 15220: 15215: 15209: 15207: 15200: 15199: 15197: 15196: 15191: 15186: 15181: 15179:Victor d'Hupay 15176: 15170: 15168: 15161: 15160: 15158: 15157: 15152: 15146: 15144: 15134: 15128: 15127: 15125: 15124: 15119: 15114: 15109: 15104: 15099: 15094: 15089: 15087:Labour voucher 15084: 15079: 15074: 15069: 15064: 15059: 15054: 15049: 15044: 15039: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15013: 15011: 15007: 15006: 15004: 15003: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14983: 14978: 14973: 14968: 14963: 14958: 14953: 14948: 14943: 14938: 14933: 14928: 14923: 14918: 14913: 14908: 14903: 14898: 14891: 14886: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14854:Egalitarianism 14851: 14846: 14841: 14839:Class struggle 14836: 14831: 14826: 14821: 14816: 14811: 14805: 14803: 14797: 14796: 14793: 14792: 14790: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14773: 14772: 14767: 14765:In one country 14757: 14752: 14747: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14731: 14730: 14720: 14719: 14718: 14717: 14716: 14706: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14681: 14675: 14673: 14669: 14668: 14666: 14665: 14660: 14655: 14654: 14653: 14648: 14638: 14632: 14630: 14624: 14623: 14621: 14620: 14619: 14618: 14608: 14607: 14606: 14601: 14600: 14599: 14598: 14597: 14587: 14586: 14585: 14580: 14575: 14570: 14565: 14560: 14550: 14545: 14540: 14533: 14528: 14523: 14518: 14513: 14508: 14503: 14493: 14483: 14478: 14477: 14476: 14465: 14463: 14451: 14450: 14448: 14447: 14442: 14441: 14440: 14435: 14434: 14433: 14428: 14418: 14413: 14408: 14407: 14406: 14399:Left communism 14391: 14386: 14385: 14384: 14379: 14374: 14369: 14364: 14359: 14354: 14349: 14344: 14339: 14334: 14333: 14332: 14327: 14317: 14312: 14301: 14299: 14284: 14283: 14282: 14281: 14280: 14279: 14269: 14264: 14259: 14249: 14244: 14239: 14234: 14229: 14224: 14219: 14214: 14209: 14208: 14207: 14202: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14172: 14167: 14162: 14156: 14154: 14146: 14145: 14136: 14133: 14132: 14123: 14122: 14115: 14108: 14100: 14091: 14090: 14088: 14087: 14075: 14062: 14059: 14058: 14056: 14055: 14050: 14045: 14040: 14035: 14030: 14025: 14020: 14019: 14018: 14008: 14003: 13998: 13997: 13996: 13991: 13981: 13976: 13971: 13966: 13961: 13956: 13951: 13946: 13940: 13938: 13937:Related topics 13934: 13933: 13931: 13930: 13925: 13920: 13915: 13913:Anti-communism 13909: 13907: 13903: 13902: 13900: 13899: 13892: 13885: 13880: 13875: 13869: 13867: 13861: 13860: 13858: 13857: 13852: 13847: 13842: 13837: 13832: 13827: 13822: 13817: 13816: 13815: 13805: 13800: 13795: 13789: 13787: 13783: 13782: 13780: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13714: 13709: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13689: 13684: 13679: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13559: 13554: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13534: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13504: 13499: 13494: 13489: 13484: 13479: 13474: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13449: 13444: 13439: 13434: 13429: 13424: 13419: 13413: 13411: 13405: 13404: 13402: 13401: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13376: 13371: 13366: 13360: 13358: 13354: 13353: 13351: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13330: 13324: 13322: 13316: 13315: 13313: 13312: 13311: 13310: 13300: 13295: 13294: 13293: 13283: 13282: 13281: 13276: 13266: 13260: 13258: 13252: 13251: 13249: 13248: 13243: 13238: 13233: 13228: 13223: 13217: 13215: 13211: 13210: 13208: 13207: 13202: 13197: 13192: 13187: 13182: 13177: 13172: 13167: 13162: 13157: 13152: 13147: 13142: 13137: 13132: 13127: 13122: 13117: 13112: 13107: 13102: 13100:Class conflict 13097: 13091: 13089: 13085: 13084: 13077: 13076: 13069: 13062: 13054: 13048: 13045: 13044: 13035: 13034: 13019: 13018: 13013: 13007: 13006: 12995: 12994: 12992: 12991:External links 12989: 12988: 12987: 12982:978-1786634269 12981: 12961: 12955: 12939: 12921: 12916:978-0241514177 12915: 12895: 12882:978-0865976658 12881: 12851: 12817: 12812:978-1403997289 12811: 12791: 12766:978-1412965804 12765: 12749:Cato Institute 12735:Hamowy, Ronald 12723: 12718:978-0393329438 12717: 12697: 12691: 12675: 12670:978-0804705608 12669: 12645: 12639: 12619: 12613: 12594: 12591: 12589: 12588: 12583:978-0521600491 12582: 12562: 12532: 12501:Petrović, Gajo 12497: 12467: 12449: 12429: 12399: 12393:. Lanham, MD: 12387:Kliman, Andrew 12383: 12371:Hobsbawm, Eric 12367:Haupt, Georges 12363: 12358:978-0239002068 12357: 12344: 12332:978-0804461610 12331: 12311: 12306:978-0415436779 12305: 12288: 12283:978-0631164814 12282: 12258:Bottomore, Tom 12253: 12248:978-1931859295 12247: 12228: 12223:978-0300107609 12222: 12198: 12193:978-1416562337 12192: 12176: 12171:978-1905192687 12170: 12154: 12138: 12133:978-0745336145 12132: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12106: 12105: 12070: 12064:978-0674344402 12063: 12057:. p. iv. 12038: 11968: 11947:978-1610164542 11946: 11920: 11914:978-0836981544 11913: 11886: 11860: 11841: 11823:978-1443726467 11822: 11816:. Read Books. 11799: 11765: 11746: 11743: 11742: 11726: 11709: 11702: 11680: 11658:978-0871403544 11657: 11630: 11587: 11576:(2): 207–227. 11558: 11536:978-0415285940 11535: 11508: 11474: 11445:(6): 661–666. 11423: 11393: 11391:, p. 208. 11381: 11372:The New Yorker 11349: 11330: 11311: 11305:978-0393329438 11304: 11282: 11260:978-0791454923 11259: 11233: 11226: 11220:. p. 16. 11204: 11198:978-0914386063 11197: 11170: 11158: 11131: 11125:978-0393001907 11124: 11099: 11093:978-0415285940 11092: 11071: 11052: 11033: 11027:978-0435331603 11026: 11008: 11002:978-0297810803 11001: 10979: 10946: 10907: 10892:. 4 May 2018. 10877: 10844: 10811: 10804: 10782: 10763: 10737: 10706: 10676: 10646: 10640:978-0465098125 10639: 10633:. p. 16. 10617: 10587: 10584: 10583: 10571: 10559: 10546: 10539: 10507: 10479: 10467: 10455: 10423: 10417:978-0521310628 10416: 10394: 10358: 10337: 10322: 10286: 10280:978-0465039906 10279: 10257: 10236: 10230:978-0006863830 10229: 10200: 10193: 10173: 10166: 10142: 10125: 10118: 10098: 10091: 10069: 10058:(3): 479–489. 10040: 10015: 10008: 9981: 9959: 9953:978-0631180821 9952: 9946:. p. 54. 9938:, ed. (1991). 9927: 9920:. Manchester: 9908: 9888:Hobsbawm, Eric 9879: 9838: 9831: 9807: 9800: 9776: 9769: 9746: 9733:Guilford Press 9713: 9694:(3): 851–869. 9678: 9647:(2): 380–396. 9627: 9584: 9565:(5): 452–461. 9543: 9524:(2): 239–257. 9506: 9463: 9432:Suoranta, Juha 9422: 9416:978-8674193303 9415: 9393: 9372:(6): 784–793. 9352: 9317: 9302: 9280: 9265: 9243: 9211: 9196: 9174: 9167: 9147: 9132: 9110: 9091:(3): 305–325. 9075: 9038: 9001: 8986: 8968: 8953: 8927: 8916:(4): 551–574. 8898: 8883: 8871:McLaren, Peter 8862: 8831: 8817: 8793: 8779: 8752: 8737: 8711: 8684: 8654: 8636: 8602: 8590: 8578: 8556:978-1421413358 8555: 8518: 8516:, p. 420. 8506: 8475: 8463: 8447: 8430:The NewsLetter 8416: 8379: 8364:. Libcom.org. 8353: 8338: 8294: 8270: 8230: 8224:978-0230018969 8223: 8198: 8168: 8162:978-0979181368 8161: 8128: 8099: 8073:978-0415088039 8072: 8052: 8012: 8005: 7999:. p. 50. 7989:Mandel, Ernest 7980: 7960: 7949:(1): 112–122. 7933:Wolff, Richard 7924: 7905:(4): 537–556. 7883: 7880:. Aakar Books. 7865: 7832: 7805: 7793: 7774:978-0190695545 7773: 7737: 7722: 7689: 7667:978-0415255837 7666: 7642: 7602: 7592:Monthly Review 7574: 7548: 7523: 7506:Lukács, György 7497: 7470: 7468:, p. 100. 7458: 7441:"Introduction" 7432: 7396: 7362: 7359:on 9 May 2013. 7339: 7332: 7306: 7288: 7255: 7219: 7183: 7176: 7168:Bath, Somerset 7151: 7106: 7100:"Alienation". 7093: 7086: 7070:Wood, Allen W. 7061: 7049: 7037: 7025: 7022:. p. 647. 7001: 6982:(2): 353–369. 6961: 6949: 6937: 6899:World Politics 6889: 6847: 6828: 6784: 6757:"Introduction" 6744: 6707: 6680: 6636: 6624: 6617: 6590: 6578: 6561: 6546: 6523: 6492: 6485: 6463: 6438: 6431: 6399: 6368:(2): 197–210. 6346: 6331: 6294: 6272: 6243: 6221: 6206: 6188: 6169: 6154: 6148:. Peter Lang. 6136: 6092: 6073: 6051: 6044: 6020: 6013: 5978: 5949: 5922:(1): 341–370. 5904: 5890: 5847: 5837:978-0415241878 5836: 5814: 5784: 5767:Dictionary.com 5762:"Radical left" 5753: 5721: 5711:978-0801834806 5710: 5682:Wolff, Richard 5669: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5591: 5588: 5571:Daron Acemoglu 5510: 5507: 5469: 5466: 5431:In his books, 5424: 5421: 5398: 5395: 5342:Main article: 5339: 5336: 5271:Gianni Vattimo 5212: 5209: 5135:Congo-Kinshasa 5089: 5086: 4986: 4962: 4959: 4915:White Movement 4850: 4843: 4842: 4829:Vladimir Lenin 4827: 4820: 4819: 4818: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4787: 4784: 4772:intellectually 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4612:Bertolt Brecht 4604:William Morris 4570: 4569: 4528: 4526: 4519: 4510:Main article: 4507: 4504: 4496:Terry Eagleton 4479:literary works 4461: 4460: 4375: 4373: 4366: 4357:Main article: 4354: 4351: 4347:K. N. Panikkar 4323:anti-Stalinist 4313:C. L. R. James 4262:pre-industrial 4173:historiography 4165:Main article: 4162: 4161:Historiography 4159: 4155: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4108: 4105: 4097:business cycle 4081:economic value 4045:Main article: 4042: 4039: 4027:post-communist 4003:Austro-Marxism 3995:Émile Durkheim 3937: 3934: 3898:Main article: 3895: 3892: 3884:social science 3851:Marxist ethics 3846: 3843: 3781:Main article: 3778: 3775: 3767:Raoul Vaneigem 3763:E. P. Thompson 3743:Rosa Luxemburg 3739:C. L. R. James 3699:psychoanalysis 3695:Freudo-Marxism 3656:vanguard party 3611:left communism 3589:Main article: 3586: 3583: 3545:Main article: 3542: 3539: 3528:Main article: 3525: 3522: 3472: 3469: 3457:Rosa Luxemburg 3440:Vladimir Lenin 3389: 3386: 3351:believed that 3329: 3295: 3294: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3276: 3251: 3250: 3249: 3236:, without any 3203:wage labourers 3178: 3177: 3136: 3134: 3127: 3108:Class conflict 3100:Main article: 3097: 3096:Social classes 3094: 3021:surplus labour 2967: 2964: 2947: 2946: 2936: 2918: 2904: 2899:: cooperative 2890:Western Europe 2789:social classes 2747: 2737:Vladimir Lenin 2721: 2710:Historiography 2684:Main article: 2681: 2678: 2628: 2625: 2611:as humanity's 2607:would succeed 2522:class struggle 2458: 2457: 2440:September 2023 2416: 2414: 2407: 2401: 2398: 2390:urban planning 2354:historiography 2276:Marxist theory 2238:and method of 2227: 2226: 2224: 2223: 2216: 2209: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2196: 2195: 2183: 2171: 2159: 2151: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2127:Vulgar Marxism 2124: 2119: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2061: 2060: 2055: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1994: 1992:Related topics 1991: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1955:Monthly Review 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1935:Constellations 1932: 1927: 1922: 1916: 1913: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1048: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 968: 965:Other variants 963: 962: 959: 958: 953: 952: 951: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 907: 906: 902: 901: 900: 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 869: 861: 860: 854: 853: 852: 851: 849:Third-worldist 846: 841: 836: 835: 834: 829: 824: 819: 809: 801: 800: 792: 789: 788: 785: 784: 781: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 758:Historiography 755: 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 720: 714: 711: 710: 707: 706: 703: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 675:Class struggle 671: 666: 665: 662: 661: 658: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 630:Metabolic rift 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 602: 597: 596: 595: 590: 585: 580: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 535: 530: 524: 519: 518: 515: 514: 511: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 479: 478: 473: 463: 458: 453: 448: 443: 438: 433: 422: 417: 416: 413: 412: 409: 408: 406:Marxist ethics 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 372: 367: 366: 363: 362: 359: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 251:Ways of Seeing 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 133: 128: 123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 97: 92: 91: 88: 87: 79: 78: 72: 71: 50: 28: 22: 19: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20304: 20293: 20290: 20288: 20285: 20283: 20280: 20278: 20275: 20273: 20270: 20268: 20265: 20263: 20260: 20258: 20255: 20253: 20250: 20248: 20245: 20243: 20240: 20238: 20235: 20233: 20230: 20228: 20225: 20223: 20220: 20219: 20217: 20196: 20193: 20192: 20189: 20183: 20182: 20178: 20176: 20173: 20171: 20168: 20166: 20163: 20161: 20158: 20156: 20153: 20151: 20148: 20146: 20143: 20139: 20136: 20134: 20131: 20129: 20126: 20125: 20124: 20121: 20119: 20116: 20114: 20111: 20109: 20106: 20104: 20101: 20099: 20098:Jurisprudence 20096: 20094: 20091: 20089: 20086: 20084: 20081: 20079: 20076: 20074: 20071: 20069: 20066: 20064: 20061: 20059: 20056: 20054: 20051: 20049: 20046: 20045: 20043: 20039: 20030: 20029: 20025: 20020: 20019: 20015: 20010: 20009: 20005: 20000: 19999: 19995: 19990: 19989: 19985: 19980: 19979: 19975: 19970: 19969: 19965: 19960: 19959: 19955: 19950: 19949: 19945: 19940: 19939: 19935: 19930: 19929: 19928:Rights of Man 19925: 19920: 19919: 19915: 19910: 19909: 19905: 19900: 19899: 19895: 19890: 19889: 19885: 19880: 19879: 19875: 19870: 19869: 19865: 19860: 19859: 19855: 19850: 19849: 19845: 19840: 19839: 19838:De re publica 19835: 19830: 19829: 19825: 19820: 19819: 19815: 19814: 19812: 19808: 19798: 19795: 19793: 19790: 19788: 19785: 19783: 19780: 19778: 19775: 19773: 19770: 19768: 19765: 19763: 19760: 19758: 19755: 19753: 19750: 19748: 19745: 19743: 19740: 19738: 19735: 19733: 19730: 19728: 19725: 19723: 19720: 19718: 19715: 19713: 19710: 19708: 19705: 19703: 19700: 19698: 19695: 19693: 19690: 19688: 19685: 19683: 19680: 19678: 19675: 19673: 19670: 19668: 19665: 19663: 19660: 19658: 19655: 19653: 19650: 19648: 19645: 19643: 19640: 19638: 19635: 19633: 19630: 19628: 19625: 19623: 19620: 19618: 19615: 19613: 19610: 19608: 19605: 19603: 19600: 19598: 19595: 19593: 19590: 19588: 19585: 19583: 19580: 19578: 19575: 19573: 19570: 19568: 19565: 19563: 19560: 19558: 19555: 19553: 19550: 19548: 19545: 19543: 19540: 19538: 19535: 19533: 19530: 19528: 19525: 19523: 19520: 19518: 19515: 19513: 19510: 19508: 19505: 19503: 19500: 19498: 19495: 19493: 19490: 19488: 19485: 19483: 19480: 19478: 19475: 19473: 19470: 19468: 19465: 19464: 19462: 19458:20th and 21st 19456: 19450: 19447: 19445: 19442: 19440: 19437: 19435: 19432: 19430: 19427: 19425: 19422: 19420: 19417: 19415: 19412: 19410: 19407: 19405: 19402: 19400: 19397: 19395: 19392: 19390: 19387: 19385: 19382: 19380: 19377: 19375: 19372: 19370: 19367: 19365: 19362: 19360: 19357: 19355: 19352: 19350: 19347: 19345: 19342: 19340: 19337: 19335: 19332: 19328: 19325: 19324: 19323: 19320: 19318: 19315: 19311: 19308: 19307: 19306: 19303: 19301: 19298: 19296: 19293: 19291: 19288: 19286: 19283: 19281: 19278: 19276: 19273: 19271: 19268: 19266: 19263: 19261: 19258: 19256: 19253: 19251: 19248: 19246: 19243: 19241: 19238: 19236: 19233: 19231: 19228: 19226: 19223: 19221: 19218: 19216: 19213: 19211: 19208: 19206: 19203: 19201: 19198: 19197: 19195: 19191:18th and 19th 19189: 19183: 19180: 19178: 19175: 19173: 19170: 19168: 19165: 19163: 19160: 19158: 19155: 19153: 19150: 19148: 19145: 19143: 19140: 19138: 19135: 19133: 19130: 19126: 19123: 19122: 19121: 19118: 19116: 19113: 19111: 19108: 19106: 19103: 19101: 19098: 19096: 19093: 19091: 19088: 19086: 19083: 19081: 19078: 19077: 19075: 19069: 19063: 19060: 19058: 19055: 19053: 19050: 19048: 19047:Nizam al-Mulk 19045: 19043: 19040: 19038: 19035: 19033: 19030: 19028: 19025: 19023: 19020: 19018: 19015: 19013: 19010: 19008: 19005: 19003: 19000: 18998: 18995: 18994: 18992: 18988: 18982: 18979: 18977: 18974: 18972: 18969: 18967: 18964: 18962: 18959: 18955: 18952: 18951: 18950: 18947: 18945: 18942: 18940: 18937: 18935: 18932: 18930: 18927: 18925: 18922: 18920: 18917: 18915: 18912: 18910: 18907: 18906: 18904: 18900: 18897: 18895: 18891: 18885: 18882: 18880: 18877: 18875: 18872: 18870: 18867: 18865: 18862: 18860: 18857: 18855: 18852: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18842: 18839: 18838: 18833: 18831: 18828: 18826: 18823: 18821: 18818: 18816: 18813: 18811: 18808: 18806: 18803: 18801: 18798: 18796: 18793: 18791: 18788: 18786: 18783: 18781: 18778: 18775: 18774: 18769: 18767: 18764: 18763: 18761: 18757: 18751: 18748: 18746: 18743: 18741: 18738: 18736: 18733: 18731: 18730:Republicanism 18728: 18726: 18723: 18721: 18718: 18716: 18713: 18711: 18708: 18706: 18703: 18701: 18698: 18696: 18693: 18691: 18688: 18686: 18683: 18681: 18678: 18676: 18673: 18671: 18668: 18666: 18663: 18661: 18658: 18656: 18653: 18651: 18648: 18646: 18643: 18641: 18638: 18636: 18633: 18631: 18628: 18626: 18623: 18621: 18618: 18616: 18613: 18611: 18608: 18606: 18603: 18601: 18598: 18597: 18595: 18591: 18585: 18582: 18580: 18577: 18575: 18572: 18570: 18567: 18565: 18562: 18560: 18557: 18555: 18552: 18550: 18547: 18545: 18542: 18540: 18537: 18535: 18532: 18530: 18527: 18526: 18524: 18520: 18514: 18511: 18509: 18506: 18504: 18501: 18499: 18496: 18494: 18491: 18489: 18486: 18484: 18481: 18479: 18476: 18474: 18471: 18469: 18466: 18464: 18461: 18459: 18456: 18454: 18451: 18449: 18446: 18444: 18441: 18439: 18436: 18434: 18431: 18429: 18426: 18424: 18421: 18419: 18416: 18414: 18411: 18409: 18406: 18404: 18401: 18399: 18396: 18394: 18391: 18389: 18386: 18384: 18381: 18379: 18376: 18374: 18371: 18369: 18366: 18364: 18361: 18359: 18356: 18355: 18353: 18349: 18345: 18338: 18333: 18331: 18326: 18324: 18319: 18318: 18315: 18303: 18300: 18299: 18297: 18293: 18287: 18284: 18282: 18279: 18277: 18274: 18272: 18269: 18267: 18264: 18262: 18259: 18257: 18254: 18252: 18249: 18247: 18244: 18242: 18241:New Democracy 18239: 18237: 18234: 18232: 18229: 18227: 18224: 18222: 18219: 18217: 18214: 18212: 18209: 18207: 18204: 18202: 18199: 18198: 18196: 18194: 18190: 18184: 18181: 18179: 18176: 18174: 18171: 18169: 18166: 18164: 18161: 18159: 18156: 18154: 18151: 18149: 18146: 18144: 18141: 18140: 18138: 18136: 18132: 18126: 18123: 18121: 18118: 18116: 18113: 18111: 18108: 18106: 18103: 18101: 18098: 18096: 18093: 18091: 18088: 18086: 18083: 18081: 18078: 18076: 18073: 18071: 18068: 18066: 18063: 18061: 18060:Popular front 18058: 18056: 18053: 18051: 18048: 18046: 18043: 18041: 18038: 18036: 18033: 18031: 18028: 18026: 18023: 18021: 18018: 18016: 18013: 18011: 18008: 18006: 18003: 18001: 17998: 17996: 17993: 17992: 17990: 17988: 17984: 17978: 17975: 17973: 17970: 17968: 17965: 17963: 17962:Surplus value 17960: 17958: 17955: 17953: 17952:Social murder 17950: 17948: 17947:Socialization 17945: 17943: 17940: 17938: 17935: 17933: 17930: 17928: 17925: 17923: 17920: 17918: 17915: 17913: 17910: 17908: 17905: 17903: 17900: 17898: 17895: 17893: 17890: 17888: 17885: 17883: 17880: 17878: 17875: 17873: 17870: 17868: 17865: 17863: 17860: 17858: 17855: 17853: 17850: 17848: 17845: 17843: 17840: 17838: 17835: 17834: 17832: 17828: 17820: 17814: 17811: 17809: 17806: 17804: 17801: 17799: 17796: 17794: 17791: 17789: 17786: 17784: 17781: 17779: 17776: 17774: 17771: 17769: 17766: 17764: 17761: 17759: 17756: 17754: 17751: 17749: 17746: 17744: 17741: 17739: 17736: 17734: 17731: 17729: 17726: 17724: 17721: 17719: 17716: 17714: 17711: 17709: 17706: 17704: 17701: 17699: 17696: 17694: 17691: 17689: 17686: 17684: 17681: 17679: 17676: 17674: 17671: 17669: 17666: 17664: 17661: 17659: 17656: 17654: 17651: 17649: 17646: 17644: 17641: 17639: 17636: 17634: 17631: 17630: 17628: 17624: 17616: 17607: 17602: 17600: 17595: 17593: 17588: 17587: 17584: 17571: 17570: 17566: 17563: 17562: 17558: 17555: 17554: 17550: 17549: 17547: 17543: 17536: 17535: 17531: 17528: 17527: 17523: 17520: 17519: 17515: 17512: 17511: 17507: 17504: 17503: 17499: 17496: 17495: 17491: 17488: 17487: 17483: 17480: 17476: 17473: 17472: 17468: 17465: 17464: 17460: 17457: 17456: 17452: 17451: 17449: 17445: 17438: 17437: 17433: 17430: 17429: 17425: 17422: 17421: 17417: 17414: 17413: 17409: 17408: 17406: 17400: 17390: 17387: 17384: 17383: 17379: 17376: 17375: 17371: 17368: 17364: 17361: 17357: 17354: 17350: 17347: 17346: 17342: 17339: 17338: 17334: 17331: 17330: 17326: 17323: 17322: 17318: 17315: 17314: 17310: 17307: 17303: 17300: 17299: 17295: 17292: 17288: 17285: 17284: 17280: 17277: 17273: 17270: 17266: 17263: 17262: 17258: 17255: 17251: 17248: 17247: 17243: 17240: 17239: 17235: 17232: 17231: 17227: 17226: 17224: 17220: 17213: 17212: 17208: 17205: 17204: 17200: 17197: 17196: 17192: 17191: 17189: 17187: 17186: 17181: 17178: 17174: 17170: 17166: 17158: 17153: 17151: 17146: 17144: 17139: 17138: 17135: 17123: 17120: 17118: 17115: 17113: 17110: 17109: 17106: 17100: 17097: 17095: 17092: 17089: 17085: 17083: 17080: 17079: 17077: 17073: 17067: 17066:United States 17064: 17062: 17059: 17057: 17054: 17053: 17051: 17047: 17041: 17038: 17036: 17033: 17031: 17028: 17026: 17023: 17021: 17018: 17016: 17013: 17012: 17010: 17007: 17006:Organizations 17002: 16996: 16993: 16991: 16988: 16986: 16983: 16981: 16978: 16976: 16973: 16971: 16968: 16966: 16963: 16961: 16958: 16956: 16953: 16951: 16948: 16946: 16943: 16941: 16938: 16936: 16933: 16931: 16928: 16926: 16923: 16921: 16918: 16916: 16913: 16911: 16908: 16906: 16903: 16901: 16898: 16896: 16893: 16891: 16888: 16886: 16883: 16881: 16878: 16876: 16873: 16871: 16868: 16866: 16863: 16861: 16858: 16856: 16853: 16851: 16848: 16846: 16843: 16841: 16838: 16836: 16833: 16831: 16828: 16826: 16823: 16821: 16818: 16816: 16813: 16811: 16808: 16806: 16803: 16801: 16798: 16796: 16793: 16791: 16788: 16786: 16783: 16781: 16778: 16776: 16773: 16771: 16768: 16766: 16763: 16761: 16758: 16756: 16753: 16751: 16748: 16746: 16743: 16741: 16738: 16736: 16733: 16731: 16728: 16726: 16723: 16721: 16718: 16716: 16713: 16711: 16708: 16706: 16703: 16701: 16698: 16696: 16693: 16691: 16688: 16686: 16683: 16681: 16678: 16676: 16673: 16671: 16668: 16666: 16663: 16661: 16658: 16656: 16653: 16651: 16648: 16646: 16643: 16641: 16638: 16636: 16633: 16631: 16628: 16627: 16625: 16622: 16617: 16611: 16608: 16606: 16603: 16601: 16598: 16596: 16593: 16591: 16588: 16586: 16583: 16582: 16580: 16574: 16568: 16567:Welfare state 16565: 16563: 16560: 16558: 16555: 16553: 16550: 16546: 16543: 16541: 16538: 16537: 16536: 16533: 16531: 16528: 16526: 16523: 16521: 16518: 16516: 16513: 16511: 16508: 16504: 16501: 16499: 16496: 16495: 16494: 16491: 16489: 16488:Progressivism 16486: 16484: 16481: 16479: 16476: 16474: 16473:Mixed economy 16471: 16469: 16466: 16464: 16461: 16459: 16456: 16454: 16451: 16449: 16446: 16444: 16441: 16439: 16436: 16434: 16431: 16429: 16426: 16422: 16419: 16417: 16414: 16412: 16409: 16407: 16404: 16403: 16402: 16399: 16397: 16394: 16393: 16391: 16387: 16382: 16372: 16369: 16367: 16364: 16362: 16359: 16357: 16354: 16352: 16349: 16347: 16344: 16340: 16337: 16335: 16332: 16331: 16330: 16327: 16325: 16322: 16320: 16317: 16315: 16312: 16310: 16307: 16305: 16302: 16300: 16297: 16295: 16292: 16290: 16287: 16286: 16284: 16281: 16276: 16271: 16263: 16258: 16256: 16251: 16249: 16244: 16243: 16240: 16228: 16223: 16218: 16216: 16206: 16204: 16199: 16194: 16192: 16191: 16182: 16180: 16179: 16170: 16169: 16166: 16160: 16157: 16155: 16152: 16150: 16147: 16145: 16142: 16140: 16137: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16121: 16119: 16115: 16109: 16106: 16104: 16101: 16100: 16098: 16096: 16095:Organizations 16092: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16069: 16067: 16066:Lula da Silva 16064: 16062: 16059: 16057: 16054: 16052: 16049: 16047: 16044: 16042: 16039: 16037: 16034: 16033: 16031: 16024: 16018: 16015: 16013: 16010: 16008: 16005: 16003: 16000: 15998: 15995: 15993: 15990: 15988: 15985: 15983: 15980: 15978: 15975: 15973: 15970: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15938: 15935: 15933: 15930: 15928: 15925: 15923: 15920: 15918: 15915: 15913: 15910: 15908: 15907:Fred Paterson 15905: 15903: 15900: 15898: 15897:George Orwell 15895: 15893: 15890: 15888: 15885: 15883: 15880: 15878: 15875: 15873: 15870: 15868: 15867:Salama Moussa 15865: 15863: 15860: 15858: 15855: 15853: 15850: 15848: 15845: 15843: 15842:Nestor Makhno 15840: 15838: 15835: 15833: 15830: 15828: 15825: 15823: 15822:György Lukács 15820: 15818: 15815: 15813: 15812:Claude Lefort 15810: 15808: 15805: 15803: 15800: 15798: 15795: 15793: 15790: 15788: 15785: 15783: 15780: 15778: 15775: 15773: 15770: 15768: 15765: 15763: 15760: 15758: 15755: 15753: 15750: 15748: 15747:Eric Hobsbawm 15745: 15743: 15742:Safdar Hashmi 15740: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15730: 15728: 15725: 15723: 15720: 15718: 15715: 15713: 15710: 15708: 15705: 15703: 15700: 15698: 15695: 15693: 15690: 15688: 15685: 15683: 15680: 15678: 15677:Jeremy Corbyn 15675: 15673: 15672:G. D. H. Cole 15670: 15668: 15665: 15663: 15660: 15658: 15655: 15653: 15650: 15648: 15645: 15643: 15640: 15638: 15635: 15633: 15630: 15628: 15625: 15623: 15620: 15618: 15615: 15613: 15610: 15608: 15605: 15603: 15600: 15598: 15595: 15593: 15592:Deng Xiaoping 15590: 15588: 15585: 15583: 15580: 15578: 15575: 15573: 15570: 15568: 15565: 15563: 15560: 15558: 15555: 15554: 15552: 15545: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15528:Josiah Warren 15526: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15508:Pyotr Tkachev 15506: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15496: 15494: 15491: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15479: 15476: 15474: 15471: 15469: 15466: 15464: 15461: 15459: 15456: 15454: 15451: 15449: 15446: 15444: 15441: 15439: 15436: 15434: 15431: 15429: 15426: 15424: 15421: 15419: 15418:Louise Michel 15416: 15414: 15411: 15409: 15406: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15398:Pierre Leroux 15396: 15394: 15391: 15389: 15386: 15384: 15381: 15379: 15378:Paul Lafargue 15376: 15374: 15371: 15369: 15366: 15364: 15361: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15351: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15339: 15336: 15334: 15331: 15329: 15326: 15324: 15321: 15319: 15316: 15314: 15311: 15309: 15306: 15304: 15301: 15299: 15296: 15294: 15291: 15289: 15286: 15284: 15281: 15279: 15278:Étienne Cabet 15276: 15274: 15271: 15269: 15266: 15264: 15263:Georg Büchner 15261: 15259: 15256: 15254: 15251: 15249: 15246: 15244: 15241: 15239: 15236: 15234: 15231: 15229: 15228:Enrico Barone 15226: 15224: 15221: 15219: 15216: 15214: 15211: 15210: 15208: 15201: 15195: 15192: 15190: 15187: 15185: 15182: 15180: 15177: 15175: 15172: 15171: 15169: 15162: 15156: 15153: 15151: 15148: 15147: 15145: 15138: 15135: 15133: 15129: 15123: 15120: 15118: 15115: 15113: 15110: 15108: 15105: 15103: 15100: 15098: 15095: 15093: 15090: 15088: 15085: 15083: 15080: 15078: 15075: 15073: 15070: 15068: 15065: 15063: 15060: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15050: 15048: 15045: 15043: 15040: 15038: 15035: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15015: 15014: 15012: 15008: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14996:Welfare state 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14934: 14932: 14931:Nanosocialism 14929: 14927: 14924: 14922: 14921:Mixed economy 14919: 14917: 14914: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14902: 14899: 14896: 14892: 14890: 14889:Impossibilism 14887: 14885: 14882: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14859:Equal liberty 14857: 14855: 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14840: 14837: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14812: 14810: 14807: 14806: 14804: 14798: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14771: 14768: 14766: 14763: 14762: 14761: 14758: 14756: 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14729: 14728:Eurocommunism 14726: 14725: 14724: 14721: 14715: 14712: 14711: 14710: 14707: 14705: 14702: 14701: 14700: 14697: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14680: 14677: 14676: 14674: 14670: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14644: 14643: 14642: 14639: 14637: 14634: 14633: 14631: 14629: 14625: 14617: 14614: 14613: 14612: 14609: 14605: 14602: 14596: 14595:Neo-Stalinism 14593: 14592: 14591: 14588: 14584: 14581: 14579: 14576: 14574: 14571: 14569: 14566: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14556: 14555: 14554: 14551: 14549: 14548:Khrushchevism 14546: 14544: 14541: 14539: 14538: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14509: 14507: 14504: 14502: 14499: 14498: 14497: 14494: 14492: 14489: 14488: 14487: 14484: 14482: 14479: 14475: 14472: 14471: 14470: 14467: 14466: 14464: 14461: 14456: 14455:Authoritarian 14452: 14446: 14443: 14439: 14436: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14424: 14423: 14422: 14419: 14417: 14414: 14412: 14409: 14405: 14402: 14401: 14400: 14397: 14396: 14395: 14392: 14390: 14387: 14383: 14380: 14378: 14375: 14373: 14370: 14368: 14365: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14350: 14348: 14345: 14343: 14342:Individualist 14340: 14338: 14335: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14323: 14322: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14307: 14306: 14303: 14302: 14300: 14297: 14292: 14288: 14278: 14275: 14274: 14273: 14270: 14268: 14265: 14263: 14260: 14258: 14255: 14254: 14253: 14250: 14248: 14245: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14237:Revolutionary 14235: 14233: 14230: 14228: 14225: 14223: 14220: 14218: 14215: 14213: 14210: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14197: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14157: 14155: 14153: 14147: 14143: 14139: 14134: 14129: 14121: 14116: 14114: 14109: 14107: 14102: 14101: 14098: 14086: 14081: 14076: 14074: 14064: 14063: 14060: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14048:War communism 14046: 14044: 14041: 14039: 14036: 14034: 14031: 14029: 14026: 14024: 14021: 14017: 14014: 14013: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13995: 13992: 13990: 13987: 13986: 13985: 13982: 13980: 13977: 13975: 13972: 13970: 13967: 13965: 13962: 13960: 13957: 13955: 13952: 13950: 13947: 13945: 13942: 13941: 13939: 13935: 13929: 13926: 13924: 13921: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13910: 13908: 13904: 13897: 13893: 13890: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13870: 13868: 13866: 13862: 13856: 13853: 13851: 13848: 13846: 13843: 13841: 13838: 13836: 13833: 13831: 13828: 13826: 13823: 13821: 13818: 13814: 13811: 13810: 13809: 13806: 13804: 13801: 13799: 13796: 13794: 13791: 13790: 13788: 13784: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13772:Moufawad-Paul 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13533: 13530: 13528: 13525: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13445: 13443: 13440: 13438: 13435: 13433: 13430: 13428: 13425: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13415: 13414: 13412: 13410: 13406: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13361: 13359: 13357:Organisations 13355: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13325: 13323: 13321: 13317: 13309: 13306: 13305: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13292: 13289: 13288: 13287: 13284: 13280: 13277: 13275: 13272: 13271: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13261: 13259: 13257: 13253: 13247: 13244: 13242: 13239: 13237: 13234: 13232: 13229: 13227: 13224: 13222: 13219: 13218: 13216: 13212: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13191: 13188: 13186: 13183: 13181: 13178: 13176: 13173: 13171: 13168: 13166: 13163: 13161: 13158: 13156: 13153: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13126: 13123: 13121: 13118: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13092: 13090: 13086: 13082: 13075: 13070: 13068: 13063: 13061: 13056: 13055: 13052: 13046: 13039: 13033: 13032: 13027: 13024: 13023: 13017: 13014: 13012: 13009: 13008: 13003: 12998: 12984: 12978: 12974: 12970: 12966: 12962: 12958: 12956:9780199279142 12952: 12948: 12944: 12940: 12936: 12935: 12930: 12926: 12922: 12918: 12912: 12908: 12904: 12900: 12896: 12892: 12888: 12884: 12878: 12874: 12870: 12869: 12864: 12860: 12856: 12852: 12848: 12844: 12840: 12836: 12832: 12828: 12827: 12822: 12818: 12814: 12808: 12804: 12800: 12796: 12792: 12788: 12784: 12780: 12776: 12772: 12768: 12762: 12758: 12754: 12750: 12746: 12742: 12741: 12736: 12732: 12728: 12724: 12720: 12714: 12710: 12706: 12702: 12698: 12694: 12688: 12684: 12680: 12676: 12672: 12666: 12662: 12657: 12656: 12650: 12646: 12642: 12640:9780521096195 12636: 12632: 12628: 12624: 12620: 12616: 12610: 12606: 12602: 12597: 12596: 12585: 12579: 12574: 12573: 12567: 12563: 12551: 12547: 12546: 12541: 12537: 12533: 12522: 12518: 12514: 12509: 12508: 12502: 12498: 12486: 12482: 12478: 12477: 12472: 12468: 12456: 12452: 12446: 12442: 12438: 12434: 12430: 12426: 12414: 12410: 12409: 12404: 12400: 12396: 12392: 12388: 12384: 12380: 12376: 12372: 12368: 12364: 12360: 12354: 12350: 12345: 12334: 12328: 12323: 12322: 12316: 12312: 12308: 12302: 12298: 12294: 12289: 12285: 12279: 12275: 12271: 12267: 12263: 12259: 12254: 12250: 12244: 12240: 12236: 12235: 12229: 12225: 12219: 12215: 12210: 12209: 12203: 12199: 12195: 12189: 12185: 12181: 12180:Castro, Fidel 12177: 12173: 12167: 12163: 12159: 12155: 12151: 12147: 12143: 12142:Bourne, Peter 12139: 12135: 12129: 12125: 12121: 12116: 12115: 12101: 12097: 12093: 12089: 12085: 12081: 12074: 12066: 12060: 12056: 12052: 12048: 12042: 12026: 12022: 12018: 12013: 12012:1721.1/113636 12008: 12004: 12000: 11996: 11992: 11991: 11986: 11982: 11978: 11972: 11953: 11949: 11943: 11939: 11932: 11931: 11924: 11916: 11910: 11906: 11905: 11900: 11896: 11890: 11882: 11878: 11874: 11870: 11864: 11854: 11853: 11845: 11829: 11825: 11819: 11815: 11814: 11809: 11803: 11787: 11783: 11779: 11775: 11769: 11761: 11757: 11750: 11739: 11735: 11731: 11727: 11723: 11719: 11715: 11711: 11710: 11706: 11698: 11695:. Cambridge: 11694: 11690: 11684: 11676: 11664: 11660: 11654: 11650: 11646: 11645: 11640: 11634: 11619: 11615: 11614: 11609: 11607: 11603: 11597: 11591: 11583: 11579: 11575: 11571: 11570: 11562: 11554: 11542: 11538: 11532: 11528: 11524: 11523: 11518: 11512: 11496: 11492: 11488: 11484: 11478: 11470: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11452: 11448: 11444: 11440: 11439: 11434: 11427: 11411: 11407: 11403: 11397: 11390: 11385: 11378: 11374: 11373: 11368: 11367:Cassidy, John 11362: 11358: 11353: 11345: 11341: 11334: 11326: 11322: 11315: 11307: 11301: 11297: 11293: 11286: 11278: 11266: 11262: 11256: 11252: 11248: 11244: 11237: 11229: 11227:9780520041752 11223: 11219: 11215: 11208: 11200: 11194: 11190: 11186: 11185: 11180: 11174: 11168:, p. 12. 11167: 11162: 11154: 11150: 11146: 11142: 11135: 11127: 11121: 11117: 11113: 11109: 11103: 11095: 11089: 11085: 11081: 11075: 11067: 11063: 11056: 11048: 11044: 11037: 11029: 11023: 11019: 11012: 11004: 10998: 10994: 10990: 10983: 10967: 10963: 10962: 10957: 10950: 10942: 10930: 10926: 10922: 10918: 10911: 10895: 10891: 10887: 10881: 10865: 10861: 10860: 10855: 10848: 10832: 10828: 10827: 10822: 10815: 10807: 10805:9780231528078 10801: 10797: 10793: 10786: 10778: 10774: 10767: 10751: 10747: 10741: 10725: 10721: 10717: 10710: 10694: 10690: 10686: 10680: 10664: 10660: 10656: 10650: 10642: 10636: 10632: 10628: 10621: 10605: 10601: 10597: 10591: 10580: 10576: 10572: 10568: 10564: 10560: 10556: 10552: 10548: 10547: 10543: 10527: 10523: 10522: 10521:The Economist 10517: 10511: 10495: 10494: 10489: 10483: 10476: 10471: 10464: 10459: 10443: 10439: 10438: 10433: 10427: 10419: 10413: 10409: 10405: 10398: 10390: 10378: 10374: 10373: 10369:(July 1964). 10368: 10362: 10354: 10350: 10349: 10341: 10333: 10326: 10318: 10306: 10302: 10301: 10296: 10295:Mao, Tse Tung 10290: 10282: 10276: 10272: 10268: 10261: 10253: 10252: 10240: 10232: 10226: 10222: 10221:HarperCollins 10218: 10214: 10210: 10209:Bullock, Alan 10204: 10196: 10190: 10186: 10185: 10177: 10169: 10163: 10159: 10155: 10154: 10146: 10138: 10137: 10129: 10121: 10115: 10111: 10110: 10102: 10094: 10092:9780203857212 10088: 10084: 10080: 10073: 10065: 10061: 10057: 10053: 10052: 10044: 10036: 10032: 10031: 10026: 10019: 10011: 10009:0-8070-1518-0 10005: 10001: 9997: 9996: 9991: 9985: 9977: 9973: 9969: 9963: 9955: 9949: 9945: 9941: 9937: 9931: 9924:. p. 52. 9923: 9919: 9912: 9904: 9900: 9898: 9893: 9889: 9883: 9875: 9871: 9867: 9863: 9859: 9855: 9851: 9850: 9842: 9834: 9832:9781136723667 9828: 9824: 9820: 9819: 9811: 9803: 9801:9789401021203 9797: 9794:. p. 5. 9793: 9789: 9788: 9780: 9772: 9770:9781781001226 9766: 9762: 9761: 9756: 9750: 9742: 9738: 9734: 9730: 9726: 9725: 9717: 9709: 9705: 9701: 9697: 9693: 9689: 9682: 9674: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9646: 9642: 9638: 9631: 9623: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9605: 9601: 9600: 9595: 9588: 9580: 9576: 9572: 9568: 9564: 9560: 9559: 9554: 9547: 9539: 9535: 9531: 9527: 9523: 9519: 9518: 9510: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9482: 9478: 9474: 9467: 9451: 9447: 9443: 9442: 9437: 9433: 9426: 9418: 9412: 9408: 9404: 9397: 9389: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9371: 9367: 9363: 9356: 9348: 9344: 9340: 9336: 9333:(1): 95–108. 9332: 9328: 9321: 9313: 9309: 9305: 9299: 9295: 9291: 9284: 9276: 9272: 9268: 9262: 9258: 9254: 9247: 9239: 9235: 9231: 9227: 9226: 9221: 9215: 9207: 9203: 9199: 9193: 9189: 9185: 9178: 9170: 9164: 9160: 9159: 9151: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9129: 9125: 9121: 9114: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9094: 9090: 9086: 9079: 9071: 9067: 9063: 9059: 9055: 9051: 9050: 9042: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9022: 9018: 9014: 9013: 9005: 8997: 8993: 8989: 8983: 8979: 8972: 8964: 8960: 8956: 8950: 8946: 8942: 8938: 8931: 8923: 8919: 8915: 8911: 8910: 8902: 8894: 8890: 8886: 8880: 8876: 8872: 8866: 8850: 8846: 8842: 8835: 8820: 8818:9780262011662 8814: 8810: 8806: 8805: 8797: 8782: 8780:9780853151944 8776: 8772: 8768: 8767: 8762: 8756: 8748: 8744: 8740: 8738:9780128156155 8734: 8730: 8726: 8722: 8715: 8707: 8703: 8699: 8698:ASA Footnotes 8695: 8688: 8680: 8676: 8672: 8668: 8664: 8658: 8650: 8646: 8640: 8624: 8620: 8616: 8612: 8606: 8600:, p. 79. 8599: 8594: 8587: 8582: 8574: 8562: 8558: 8552: 8548: 8544: 8540: 8536: 8532: 8528: 8522: 8515: 8510: 8494: 8490: 8486: 8479: 8472: 8467: 8460: 8459:Petrović 1967 8456: 8451: 8435: 8431: 8427: 8420: 8413: 8401: 8397: 8393: 8389: 8383: 8367: 8363: 8357: 8349: 8342: 8335: 8333: 8329: 8325: 8311: 8307: 8306: 8302:Martin, Jim. 8298: 8290: 8286: 8285: 8280: 8279:Chomsky, Noam 8274: 8258: 8255:(8): 81–104. 8254: 8250: 8249: 8244: 8240: 8234: 8226: 8220: 8216: 8212: 8208: 8202: 8186: 8182: 8178: 8172: 8164: 8158: 8154: 8150: 8146: 8142: 8138: 8132: 8124: 8120: 8117:(2): 22–47 . 8116: 8112: 8111: 8103: 8096: 8091: 8079: 8075: 8069: 8065: 8064: 8056: 8048: 8036: 8032: 8031: 8026: 8025:Guesde, Jules 8022: 8016: 8008: 8006:0-391-03800-1 8002: 7998: 7994: 7990: 7984: 7977: 7973: 7970: 7964: 7956: 7952: 7948: 7944: 7943: 7938: 7934: 7928: 7920: 7916: 7912: 7908: 7904: 7900: 7899: 7894: 7887: 7879: 7875: 7869: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7848: 7843: 7836: 7828: 7824: 7820: 7816: 7809: 7802: 7797: 7790: 7786: 7780: 7776: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7758: 7754: 7753: 7748: 7741: 7733: 7729: 7725: 7723:9781933116440 7719: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7703: 7699: 7693: 7685: 7673: 7669: 7663: 7660:. p. 2. 7659: 7655: 7654: 7646: 7638: 7626: 7622: 7621: 7616: 7612: 7606: 7598: 7594: 7593: 7588: 7584: 7578: 7570: 7566: 7564: 7559: 7552: 7544: 7540: 7539: 7534: 7527: 7519: 7515: 7511: 7507: 7501: 7486: 7485: 7481:(1932). "1". 7480: 7479:Goldman, Emma 7474: 7467: 7462: 7454: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7436: 7428: 7416: 7412: 7411: 7406: 7400: 7392: 7388: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7372: 7366: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7343: 7335: 7333:9781412997843 7329: 7325: 7321: 7317: 7310: 7303: 7302:exploitation. 7291: 7289:9781783747825 7285: 7280: 7275: 7271: 7270: 7265: 7259: 7251: 7239: 7238: 7233: 7229: 7223: 7215: 7203: 7199: 7198: 7193: 7187: 7179: 7177:0-75258-227-5 7173: 7169: 7165: 7164:World History 7161: 7160:Black, Jeremy 7155: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7117: 7115: 7113: 7111: 7103: 7097: 7089: 7087:9780415316989 7083: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7065: 7058: 7053: 7046: 7041: 7034: 7029: 7021: 7017: 7016: 7011: 7005: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6976: 6968: 6966: 6958: 6953: 6946: 6941: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6893: 6885: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6857: 6851: 6841: 6840: 6832: 6816: 6812: 6811: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6788: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6763: 6758: 6754: 6748: 6732: 6728: 6727: 6722: 6718: 6711: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6684: 6676: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6655: 6650: 6646: 6640: 6634:, p. 53. 6633: 6628: 6620: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6605: 6600: 6594: 6588:, p. 15. 6587: 6582: 6576:, p. 12. 6575: 6570: 6568: 6566: 6558: 6553: 6551: 6543: 6539: 6538: 6533: 6527: 6519: 6515: 6514: 6509: 6505: 6499: 6497: 6488: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6467: 6459: 6458: 6453: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6434: 6432:0-631-21681-2 6428: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6406: 6404: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6362: 6357: 6350: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6332:9781138916586 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6298: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6276: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6255: 6247: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6225: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6203: 6199: 6192: 6185:. p. 24. 6184: 6180: 6173: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6151: 6147: 6140: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6111: 6106: 6102: 6096: 6088: 6084: 6077: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6055: 6047: 6045:9781412992343 6041: 6037: 6033: 6032: 6024: 6016: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5993: 5988: 5982: 5974: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5961: 5953: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5916: 5908: 5893: 5891:9781351370011 5887: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5874: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5851: 5844: 5839: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5818: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5795: 5788: 5781: 5769: 5768: 5763: 5757: 5741: 5737: 5736: 5731: 5725: 5718: 5713: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5694: 5693: 5687: 5683: 5677: 5675: 5670: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5610: 5605: 5594: 5587: 5585: 5581: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5566: 5561: 5557: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5531: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5506: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5479: 5475: 5465: 5463: 5459: 5458:falsification 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5441: 5436: 5435: 5429: 5420: 5418: 5417:Andrew Kliman 5413: 5411: 5407: 5404: 5394: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5383:social theory 5378: 5376: 5372: 5369: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5351: 5345: 5335: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5320: 5317: 5313: 5310: 5307: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5286: 5282: 5281: 5276: 5272: 5267: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5251:Daniel Ortega 5248: 5247:Rafael Correa 5244: 5240: 5236: 5231: 5229: 5221: 5217: 5208: 5206: 5203:, led to the 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5181:Ronald Reagan 5178: 5174: 5170: 5165: 5163: 5162:Deng Xiaoping 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5142: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5113:In 1959, the 5108: 5104: 5100: 5095: 5085: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5074:Deng Xiaoping 5070: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5051: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5036:New Democracy 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5006: 5004: 5003: 4998: 4991: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4958: 4957:at the time. 4956: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4939:Joseph Stalin 4935: 4931: 4926: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4873:in 1917, the 4872: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4847: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4824: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4783: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4766: 4762: 4761: 4755: 4753: 4749: 4744: 4743: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4724: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4713: 4707: 4700: 4698: 4697: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4675: 4670: 4666: 4651: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4632:Ernst Fischer 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4566: 4563: 4555: 4545: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4529:This section 4527: 4523: 4518: 4517: 4513: 4503: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4457: 4454: 4446: 4435: 4432: 4428: 4425: 4421: 4418: 4414: 4411: 4407: 4404: – 4403: 4399: 4398:Find sources: 4392: 4388: 4382: 4381: 4376:This article 4374: 4370: 4365: 4364: 4360: 4350: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4339:Romila Thapar 4336: 4332: 4328: 4327:D. D. Kosambi 4324: 4320: 4319: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4305:Eric Hobsbawm 4302: 4301: 4296: 4292: 4287: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4276:Joseph Stalin 4273: 4272: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4246: 4241: 4240: 4235: 4234: 4229: 4225: 4224: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4185:working class 4182: 4178: 4174: 4168: 4158: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4128: 4127:Peter McLaren 4124: 4123: 4118: 4114: 4104: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4073:surplus value 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4048: 4038: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4007:Carl Grünberg 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3972:working class 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3947: 3943: 3933: 3931: 3926: 3924: 3923:Joseph Stalin 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3901: 3891: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3842: 3840: 3839:natural order 3836: 3832: 3829: 3828:enlightenment 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3808: 3806: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3791: 3784: 3774: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3755:Fredy Perlman 3752: 3748: 3747:Antonio Negri 3744: 3740: 3736: 3735:Daniel Guérin 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3667: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3652:working class 3649: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3582: 3579: 3574: 3570: 3569:Paul Lafargue 3566: 3562: 3561:Ernest Mandel 3558: 3554: 3548: 3537: 3531: 3521: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3510:New Democracy 3507: 3503: 3498: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3477: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3461:crisis theory 3458: 3454: 3450: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3418:According to 3416: 3414: 3411:According to 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3385: 3383: 3378: 3377:profit motive 3374: 3369: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3344: 3341: 3334: 3328: 3325: 3324: 3319: 3318: 3312: 3310: 3309: 3303: 3301: 3292: 3291:socioeconomic 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3247: 3246:international 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3220: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3212:surplus value 3209: 3204: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3174: 3171: 3163: 3153: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3137:This section 3135: 3131: 3126: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3103: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3054: 3050: 3049:surplus value 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3029:class society 3026: 3025:socioeconomic 3022: 3018: 3014: 3012: 3007: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2973: 2963: 2960: 2954: 2944: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2907:Slave society 2905: 2902: 2898: 2895: 2894: 2893: 2891: 2887: 2882: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2835: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2785: 2780: 2779: 2773: 2769: 2759: 2758: 2752: 2746: 2741: 2738: 2731: 2728: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2697: 2693: 2687: 2677: 2675: 2674:Paul Lafargue 2671: 2670: 2665: 2661: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2644: 2643: 2638: 2634: 2624: 2622: 2621:crisis theory 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2568:ownership. A 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2542:social change 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2516: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2479: 2475: 2468: 2464: 2454: 2451: 2443: 2433: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2417:This section 2415: 2411: 2406: 2405: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2362:media studies 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2250:, to analyse 2249: 2245: 2241: 2240:socioeconomic 2237: 2233: 2222: 2217: 2215: 2210: 2208: 2203: 2202: 2200: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2172: 2170: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2100:Revolutionary 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2080:Authoritarian 2078: 2077: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1995: 1989: 1988: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1911: 1910: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1882:Moufawad-Paul 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1046: 1041: 1040: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 992:Eurocommunism 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 977:Austromarxism 975: 973: 970: 969: 966: 961: 960: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 923:Communization 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 910: 909: 908: 904: 903: 898: 897:Praxis School 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 864: 863: 862: 859: 856: 855: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 814: 813: 810: 808: 805: 804: 803: 802: 799: 796: 795: 787: 786: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 715: 709: 708: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 672: 669: 664: 663: 656: 655:Working class 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 575: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 525: 522: 517: 516: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 477: 474: 472: 469: 468: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 436:Crisis theory 434: 431: 427: 424: 423: 420: 415: 414: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 373: 370: 365: 364: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 98: 95: 90: 89: 85: 81: 80: 77: 74: 73: 69: 65: 64: 61: 57: 40: 36: 32: 25: 20: 20179: 20078:Elite theory 20026: 20016: 20006: 19996: 19986: 19976: 19966: 19956: 19946: 19936: 19926: 19916: 19906: 19896: 19886: 19876: 19866: 19856: 19846: 19836: 19826: 19816: 19115:Guicciardini 19071:Early modern 18894:Philosophers 18844:Open society 18780:Body politic 18699: 18650:Distributism 18640:Conservatism 18635:Confucianism 18554:Gerontocracy 18544:Dictatorship 18498:Sovereignty‎ 18488:Ruling class 18378:Emancipation 18363:Citizenship‎ 18256:People's war 18178:United front 18120:United front 17927:Ruling class 17892:Law of value 17788:Wage slavery 17778:Theoretician 17622: 17567: 17564:(1975–today) 17559: 17551: 17532: 17524: 17516: 17508: 17500: 17492: 17486:Anti-Dühring 17484: 17469: 17461: 17453: 17434: 17426: 17418: 17410: 17380: 17372: 17343: 17335: 17327: 17319: 17311: 17296: 17281: 17259: 17244: 17236: 17228: 17209: 17201: 17193: 17183: 16463:Labor rights 16346:Nordic model 16328: 16319:Keynesianism 16188: 16176: 16007:Clara Zetkin 15987:Leon Trotsky 15982:Ernst Toller 15972:R. H. Tawney 15912:Karl Polanyi 15792:James Larkin 15662:Noam Chomsky 15388:Pyotr Lavrov 15368:Karl Kautsky 15363:Mother Jones 15343:Charles Hall 15333:Emma Goldman 15303:Claire Démar 15233:August Bebel 15027:Basic income 14535: 14411:Luxemburgism 14362:Neozapatismo 14310:Collectivist 14221: 14160:21st century 13959:Anti-fascism 13845:Soviet Union 13268: 13226:Gift economy 13185:Wage slavery 13029: 13001: 12968: 12946: 12933: 12925:Rummel, R.J. 12902: 12866: 12825: 12798: 12787:Google Books 12785:– via 12739: 12704: 12682: 12654: 12626: 12600: 12571: 12554:. Retrieved 12544: 12536:Smith, Cyril 12524:. Retrieved 12513:Anchor Books 12506: 12489:. Retrieved 12475: 12461:21 September 12459:. Retrieved 12440: 12423:– via 12417:. Retrieved 12407: 12390: 12374: 12348: 12336:. Retrieved 12320: 12315:Fromm, Erich 12292: 12269: 12232: 12207: 12183: 12161: 12148:. New York: 12145: 12120:For Humanism 12119: 12111:Bibliography 12087: 12083: 12073: 12050: 12047:Roemer, John 12041: 12029:. 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Sharma 4316: 4308: 4298: 4288: 4269: 4266:Soviet Union 4258:proletarians 4249: 4243: 4237: 4231: 4221: 4219: 4210: 4177:social class 4170: 4156: 4136: 4120: 4117:Paulo Freire 4113:Lev Vygotsky 4110: 4050: 3984: 3949: 3927: 3914:Soviet Union 3903: 3877: 3816:Soviet Union 3809: 3802: 3788: 3786: 3691:Situationism 3668: 3645: 3619: 3600: 3573:Jules Guesde 3564: 3550: 3494: 3481:Leon Trotsky 3442:wrote: "The 3417: 3412: 3410: 3370: 3346: 3340:Fidel Castro 3336: 3331: 3321: 3315: 3313: 3306: 3304: 3296: 3273:middle class 3184:labour power 3181: 3166: 3157: 3146:Please help 3141:verification 3138: 3116:Social class 3090: 3086: 3072: 3067: 3057: 3052: 3017:Exploitation 3015: 3003: 2948: 2925:ruling class 2886:transitional 2883: 2877:-master and 2836: 2806:such as the 2801: 2782: 2776: 2765: 2744: 2733: 2726: 2723: 2667: 2659: 2657: 2646: 2640: 2637:Karl Kautsky 2632: 2630: 2583: 2524:. Under the 2519: 2483: 2446: 2437: 2418: 2314:anthropology 2307: 2288: 2231: 2230: 2065:Municipalism 1877:Bhattacharya 1022:Situationist 997:Instrumental 650:State theory 615:Immiseration 610:Human nature 600:Exploitation 430:accumulation 75: 60: 38: 29:This is the 23: 19952:(1835–1840) 19832:(c. 350 BC) 19822:(c. 375 BC) 19439:Tocqueville 19404:Saint-Simon 19369:Montesquieu 19220:Bolingbroke 19152:Machiavelli 19032:Ibn Khaldun 18997:Alpharabius 18990:Middle Ages 18815:Natural law 18790:Common good 18715:Nationalism 18675:Imperialism 18645:Corporatism 18620:Colonialism 18600:Agrarianism 18579:Technocracy 18559:Meritocracy 18539:Bureaucracy 18529:Aristocracy 18266:Revisionism 18153:French Turn 18125:Vanguardism 18080:Secretariat 18070:Revisionism 17897:Materialism 17748:Revisionism 17698:Imperialism 17643:Bourgeoisie 17572:(1971–1977) 17556:(1975–2004) 17545:Collections 17222:Other works 17185:Das Kapital 16557:Tripartisme 16552:Trade union 16458:Land reform 16339:Revisionist 16071:Evo Morales 16061:Kim Jong Un 16041:Hugo Chávez 16012:Howard Zinn 16002:Cornel West 15997:H. G. Wells 15967:Sun Yat-sen 15802:Jack Layton 15777:Kim Jong-il 15732:Maxim Gorky 15682:Marcel Déat 15597:Jiang Zemin 15538:Oscar Wilde 15478:George Sand 15433:Robert Owen 15358:Jean Jaurès 15248:Louis Blanc 15155:Thomas More 15117:Technocracy 14991:Trade union 14961:Revisionism 14911:Land reform 14782:Third World 14709:Nationalist 14501:Brezhnevism 14474:Nechayevism 14416:Mao-Spontex 14382:Syndicalist 14372:Communalism 14367:Platformism 14320:Free-market 14291:Libertarian 14277:Technocracy 14227:Nationalist 14205:Syndicalism 14043:Trade union 14001:LGBT rights 13835:Philippines 13286:Pre-Marxist 13279:Libertarian 12973:Verso Books 12679:Elster, Jon 12479:. Germany: 12124:Pluto Press 11997:(1): 3–28. 11600:"Letter to 11501:22 November 11389:Kliman 2007 11357:Kliman 2007 11189:Telos Press 10463:Bourne 1986 10367:Mao, Zedong 10271:Basic Books 9897:Verso Books 9860:: 381–403. 8824:29 December 8786:10 November 8527:Gross, Neil 8514:Edgley 1991 8489:Pluto Press 8239:Draper, Hal 8149:Rühle, Otto 7678:26 December 7631:26 December 7563:Verso Books 7466:Castro 2009 7244:10 February 6909:: 487–508. 6421:. pp. 6183:Pluto Press 5843:capitalism. 5580:John Roemer 5543:Carl Menger 5445:Karl Popper 5259:Hugo Chávez 5243:Evo Morales 5239:Hugo Chávez 5220:Hugo Chavez 5131:Che Guevara 5067:revisionist 4895:World War I 4588:materialist 4584:dialectical 4335:Irfan Habib 4282:inside the 4254:capitalists 4189:methodology 4005:, of which 3980:methodology 3894:Archaeology 3697:(a form of 3607:libertarian 3585:Libertarian 3453:World War I 3405:raised fist 3382:wither away 3234:prostitutes 3199:Proletariat 3082:Entfremdung 3006:bourgeoisie 2943:proletariat 2933:bourgeoisie 2915:aristocracy 2768:materialist 2706:Historicism 2669:Lassallians 2648:revisionist 2566:cooperative 2538:proletariat 2534:bourgeoisie 2346:film theory 2326:criminology 2318:archaeology 2254:relations, 2028:Communalism 1427:Wallerstein 1017:Revisionist 748:Film theory 728:Criminology 723:Archaeology 635:Proletariat 620:Imperialism 533:Bourgeoisie 508:Wage labour 401:Reification 196:On Practice 20216:Categories 20160:Separatism 19968:On Liberty 19868:The Prince 19597:Huntington 19100:Campanella 19027:al-Ghazali 18976:Thucydides 18934:Lactantius 18879:Statolatry 18705:Monarchism 18685:Liberalism 18610:Capitalism 18593:Ideologies 18574:Plutocracy 18522:Government 18478:Revolution 18463:Propaganda 18413:Legitimacy 18388:Government 18135:Trotskyist 18015:Dual power 17683:Dialectics 17329:Grundrisse 16990:Woodsworth 16815:Hilferding 16675:Betancourt 16665:Ben-Gurion 16540:Capitalism 16515:Secularism 16448:Gradualism 16443:Fair trade 16411:Industrial 16178:Categories 16081:Xi Jinping 16017:J. Posadas 15697:John Dewey 15687:Guy Debord 15607:Jyoti Basu 15488:Eugène Sue 14802:and issues 14800:Key topics 14777:Sri Lankan 14750:Melanesian 14745:Indonesian 14694:Bolivarian 14616:Lassallism 14604:Tkachevism 14486:Bolshevism 14460:from above 14445:Third camp 14421:Trotskyism 14296:from below 14262:Icarianism 14257:Fourierism 14242:Scientific 14175:Democratic 14150:Schools of 13652:Berlinguer 13542:Khrushchev 12971:. London: 12775:2008009151 12692:0521329221 12614:041541119X 12556:18 October 12521:1036708143 12471:Marx, Karl 12450:0807015288 12295:. London: 11602:La Liberté 11406:World Bank 11327:. §§II–IV. 11251:SUNY Press 10659:WorldAtlas 10037:: 218–239. 9606:(1): 1–7. 9500:2152/45917 9206:1100627401 9188:Bloomsbury 8963:1129932782 8937:Hill, Dave 8761:Marx, Karl 8598:Green 1981 8487:. London: 8455:Fromm 1966 8372:11 October 8350:(23): 118. 8213:. London: 8021:Marx, Karl 7801:Lenin 1967 7490:29 January 7405:Marx, Karl 7322:. p. 7228:Marx, Karl 7132:. London: 7122:Marx, Karl 7010:Marx, Karl 6945:Lenin 1967 6856:Marx, Karl 6793:Marx, Karl 6765:. Moscow: 6645:Marx, Karl 6632:Evans 1975 6618:0140445757 6599:Marx, Karl 6586:Lenin 1967 6574:Haupt 2010 6557:Haupt 2010 6532:Marx, Karl 6486:0618261818 6452:Marx, Karl 6341:2016032101 6216:1151767935 6085:. London: 6066:. Durham: 5700:. p. 5660:References 5499:conscripts 5368:Trotskyist 5348:See also: 5312:Xi Jinping 5301:since 2012 5295:Xi Jinping 5263:Trotskyist 5177:neoliberal 5158:Mao Zedong 5031:Mao Zedong 5027:Kuomintang 4997:Mao Zedong 4875:Bolsheviks 4808:Trotskyism 4765:monogamous 4683:alienation 4576:aesthetics 4506:Aesthetics 4413:newspapers 4205:about the 4099:, such as 3888:humanities 3880:Neil Gross 3849:See also: 3799:capitalist 3727:Guy Debord 3679:De Leonism 3671:autonomism 3640:Grundrisse 3595:See also: 3534:See also: 3357:industries 3349:socialists 3106:See also: 3074:Alienation 2939:Capitalism 2911:city-state 2903:societies. 2879:journeyman 2793:ideologies 2757:Grundrisse 2700:See also: 2617:revolution 2609:capitalism 2550:capitalism 2506:technology 2421:references 2378:psychology 2366:philosophy 2322:art theory 2085:Democratic 1950:Mediations 1562:Przeworski 1502:Poulantzas 1352:Sivanandan 1307:Bettelheim 1207:Horkheimer 1202:Mariátegui 1177:Pashukanis 1102:Liebknecht 1032:Wertkritik 972:Analytical 832:Trotskyism 807:Autonomist 798:Structural 778:Philosophy 718:Aesthetics 503:Value-form 471:Capitalist 376:Alienation 369:Philosophy 126:Grundrisse 20267:Socialism 20252:Karl Marx 20227:Communism 19878:Leviathan 19858:Monarchia 19852:(c. 1274) 19687:Oakeshott 19632:Mansfield 19627:Luxemburg 19612:Kropotkin 19507:Bernstein 19460:centuries 19374:Nietzsche 19317:Jefferson 19245:Condorcet 19193:centuries 19172:Pufendorf 19037:Marsilius 18924:Confucius 18909:Aristotle 18902:Antiquity 18830:Noble lie 18750:Third Way 18745:Socialism 18670:Feudalism 18625:Communism 18605:Anarchism 18584:Theocracy 18569:Oligarchy 18549:Democracy 18534:Autocracy 18448:Pluralism 18433:Obedience 18398:Hierarchy 18358:Authority 18236:Mass line 18226:Four Olds 18050:Politburo 18040:New class 17967:Use value 17867:Commodity 17165:Karl Marx 17163:Works by 17094:Socialism 17082:Communism 17049:By region 16995:Zhordania 16935:Plekhanov 16900:MacDonald 16895:Luxemburg 16790:Gaitskell 16750:Daszyński 16710:Callaghan 16670:Bernstein 16610:Third Way 16545:Socialism 16503:Socialism 16493:Reformism 16428:Dirigisme 16401:Democracy 16356:Socialism 16129:Communism 16124:Anarchism 16051:Hu Jintao 15877:Imre Nagy 15667:M. N. Roy 15627:Léon Blum 15622:Tony Benn 15557:Tariq Ali 15413:Karl Marx 15017:Adhocracy 14956:Reformism 14844:Democracy 14714:Chiangist 14704:Communist 14651:communism 14646:anarchism 14641:Christian 14628:Religious 14590:Stalinism 14516:Guevarism 14506:Castroism 14481:Blanquism 14357:Mutualism 14315:Communist 14305:Anarchism 14232:Reformist 14200:Labourism 14170:Communist 14128:Socialism 14023:Red Scare 13906:Criticism 13786:By region 13767:Hatherley 13597:Althusser 13532:Togliatti 13482:Kollontai 13477:Luxemburg 13462:Pannekoek 13457:Malatesta 13452:Kropotkin 13308:Christian 13303:Religious 13298:Primitive 13264:Anarchist 13246:Use value 13214:Economics 13081:Communism 12967:(2017) . 12901:(2000) . 12891:237794267 12859:"Marxism" 12847:28368284M 12823:(1964) . 12783:750831024 12731:"Marxism" 12605:Routledge 12526:9 October 12435:(1972) . 12405:(1967) . 12338:9 October 12317:(1966) . 12293:Karl Marx 12160:(2010) . 11778:Mises.org 11691:(1974) . 11181:(1975) . 10972:31 August 10158:Routledge 10083:Routledge 9823:Routledge 9755:Fine, Ben 9735:: 82–92. 9708:237850324 9673:214035791 9622:236356457 9579:151616793 9538:143914501 9388:147636876 9347:155093850 9142:957740361 9105:212828309 9070:219539909 9033:144595936 8996:191900765 8980:. Sense. 8945:Routledge 8893:945552771 8809:MIT Press 8763:(1969) . 8747:242692186 8671:Routledge 8123:0967-3393 7732:221178956 7373:(1968) . 7078:Routledge 7074:Karl Marx 6957:Marx 1849 6931:155515389 6862:(1968) . 6799:(1888) . 6755:(1947) . 6601:(1993) . 6382:143737257 6323:Routledge 6164:913956545 6129:1 October 6119:0261-3077 5936:0084-6570 5882:CRC Press 5878:Routledge 5828:Routledge 5665:Citations 5613:Communism 5483:Anarchism 5387:Max Weber 5375:Narcissus 5338:Criticism 5324:Karl Marx 5235:pink tide 5228:Prachanda 5173:New Right 5040:mass line 4869:With the 4754:refused. 4665:Karl Marx 4580:Karl Marx 4552:June 2024 4475:dialectic 4471:socialist 4469:based on 4443:June 2024 4402:"Marxism" 4343:D. N. Jha 4228:socialist 4107:Education 4089:heterodox 4057:Karl Marx 4041:Economics 3991:Max Weber 3987:Karl Marx 3964:empirical 3952:sociology 3936:Sociology 3711:post-left 3707:workerism 3660:anarchism 3630:Karl Marx 3622:reformist 3553:Karl Marx 3541:Classical 3471:Democracy 3432:socialist 3365:communism 3287:Peasantry 3281:Landlords 3269:landlords 3238:political 3226:vagabonds 3045:commodity 2929:merchants 2921:Feudalism 2913:in which 2859:patrician 2847:dialectic 2839:reflexive 2751:Karl Marx 2664:qualifier 2631:The term 2627:Etymology 2560:society, 2558:socialist 2510:Karl Marx 2467:Karl Marx 2386:sociology 2350:geography 2338:education 2334:economics 2280:left-wing 2264:Karl Marx 2132:Economism 2095:Reformist 2075:Socialism 2023:Communism 2003:Anarchism 1857:Coulthard 1782:McDonnell 1742:Screpanti 1652:Rowbotham 1517:Harnecker 1327:Althusser 1267:Deutscher 1107:Kollontai 1097:Luxemburg 1077:Plekhanov 1007:Nkrumaism 918:Classical 892:Political 817:Guevarism 773:Sociology 753:Geography 573:Democracy 521:Sociology 476:Socialist 441:Commodity 20133:Centrism 19828:Politics 19818:Republic 19787:Voegelin 19767:Spengler 19752:Shariati 19727:Rothbard 19682:Nussbaum 19582:Habermas 19557:Fukuyama 19547:Foucault 19472:Ambedkar 19449:Voltaire 19419:de Staël 19394:Rousseau 19275:Franklin 19250:Constant 19210:Beccaria 19042:Muhammad 19022:Gelasius 19007:Averroes 18981:Xenophon 18961:Polybius 18914:Chanakya 18759:Concepts 18725:Populism 18695:Localism 18680:Islamism 18665:Feminism 18564:Monarchy 18468:Property 18458:Progress 18423:Monopoly 18393:Hegemony 17481:" (1876) 17402:Marx and 17369:" (1871) 17362:" (1869) 17355:" (1865) 17308:" (1847) 17278:" (1844) 17271:" (1843) 17256:" (1842) 16960:Stauning 16880:Lévesque 16865:Lassalle 16845:Kerensky 16835:Katayama 16800:González 16735:Crosland 16715:Cárdenas 16700:Branting 16630:Ambedkar 16577:Variants 16406:Economic 16389:Concepts 16334:Orthodox 16309:Humanism 16149:Old Left 16144:New Left 16117:See also 16046:Bob Crow 15582:Aung San 15010:Concepts 14787:Yugoslav 14723:European 14636:Buddhist 14543:Kadarism 14531:Husakism 14526:Hoxhaism 14511:Ceaușism 14491:Leninism 14469:Barracks 14431:Posadism 14426:Pabloism 14352:Magonism 14185:Feminist 14165:Agrarian 13994:New Left 13989:Old Left 13883:Red star 13798:Colombia 13717:Gordillo 13692:Holloway 13637:Guattari 13607:Pasolini 13592:Hobsbawm 13577:Beauvoir 13537:Benjamin 13512:Bukharin 13502:Thälmann 13274:Leninist 13256:Variants 13088:Concepts 12927:(1977). 12857:(2008). 12797:(2007). 12729:(2008). 12703:(1976). 12681:(1986). 12651:(1959). 12625:(1968). 12568:(2007). 12550:Archived 12538:(1998). 12503:(1967). 12485:Archived 12473:(1849). 12455:Archived 12413:Archived 12389:(2007). 12373:(eds.). 12268:(eds.). 12204:(2003). 12182:(2009). 12144:(1986). 12100:Archived 12049:(1982). 12031:24 April 12025:Archived 12021:14001669 11961:24 April 11952:Archived 11940:. 2014. 11897:(1966). 11875:(2005). 11834:24 April 11828:Archived 11810:(2008). 11792:4 August 11786:Archived 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