2808:. As a result, ownership is a scarce resource (i.e. there are limits to how much they can invest) that should not be wasted. In particular, a central result of the property rights approach says that joint ownership is suboptimal. If we start in a situation with joint ownership (where each party has veto power over the use of the asset) and move to a situation in which there is a single owner, the investment incentives of the new owner are improved while the investment incentives of the other parties remain the same. However, in the basic incomplete contracting framework the suboptimal aspect of joint ownership holds only if the investments are in
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By 1888, the term 'socialism' was in general use among
Marxists, who had dropped 'communism', now considered an old fashioned term meaning the same as 'socialism'. ... At the turn of the century, Marxists called themselves socialists. ... The definition of socialism and communism as successive stages
2734:
To secure for the workers by hand or by brain the full fruits of their industry and the most equitable distribution thereof that may be possible upon the basis of the common ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange, and the best obtainable system of popular administration and
2812:
while joint ownership can be optimal if the investments are in physical capital. Recently, several authors have shown that joint ownership can actually be optimal even if investments are in human capital. In particular, joint ownership can be optimal if the parties are asymmetrically informed, if
2803:
and his co-authors, ownership matters because the owner of an asset has residual control rights. This means that the owner can decide what to do with the asset in every contingency not covered by a contract. In particular, an owner has stronger incentives to make relationship-specific investments
2763:
in 1984. Several empirical contributions document the growing importance of common ownership and provide evidence to support the theory. Because of concern about these anticompetitive effects, common ownership has "stimulated a major rethinking of antitrust enforcement". The
5939:
2602:
Common ownership is practiced by large numbers of voluntary associations and non-profit organizations as well as implicitly by all public bodies. While cooperatives generally align with collectivist, socialist economics,
3808:
was introduced into
Marxist theory by Lenin in 1917 ... , the new distinction was helpful to Lenin in defending his party against the traditional Marxist criticism that Russia was too backward for a socialist revolution.
2756:. As a result of this overlapping ownership, these firms may have reduced incentives to compete against each other because they internalize the profit-reducing effect that their competitive actions have on each other.
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is a form of common ownership that is practiced on small scales within capitalist economies, particularly among marginalized communities, and during emergencies such as the
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movements, advocate the common ownership of the means of production by all of society as an eventual goal to be achieved through the development of the
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954:
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The Co-operative
Advantage - Creating a successful family of Co-operative businesses. The Report of the Co-operative Commission January 2001
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2476:
2572:. In those cases, property is generally owned by a charity set up for the purpose of maintaining the members of the religious groups.
5467:
4748:
4682:
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Walton, Steve (April 2008). "Primitive communism in Acts? Does Acts present the community of goods (2:44-45; 4:32-35) as mistaken?".
5194:
4499:
4220:
Gattai, Valeria; Natale, Piergiovanna (2015). "A New
Cinderella Story: Joint Ventures and the Property Rights Theory of the Firm".
5142:
3466:"Reinventing the Master's Tools: Nineteenth-Century African-American Literary Societies of Philadelphia and Rhetorical Education"
1143:
793:
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of goods and common ownership of the means of production would be devoid of classes based on ownership of productive property.
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89:
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1193:
61:
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4334:
Rosenkranz, Stephanie; Schmitz, Patrick W. (2003). "Optimal allocation of ownership rights in dynamic R&D alliances".
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68:
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or community indivisibly rather than in the names of the individual members or groups of members as common property.
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2594:" has a biblical basis in Acts 4:35, which says "to the emissaries to distribute to each according to his need".
75:
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5750:
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4379:
A modernizing bill should be put before
Parliament to recognize in law the Co-operative form of common ownership.
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there is a long-term relationship between the parties, or if the parties have know-how that they may disclose.
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483:
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have all acknowledged concerns about the effects of common ownership on lessening product market competition.
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1103:
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543:
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57:
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2711:, in that communist common ownership is the outcome of social and technological developments leading to the
2607:
in particular exhibit elements of common ownership, while their retailer members may be individually owned.
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5303:
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Public
Ownership and Common Ownership, Anton Pannekoek, Western Socialist, 1947. Transcribed by Adam Buick.
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Vestager, Margrethe (2018), "Common
Ownership by Institutional Investors and its Impact on Competition",
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as the former refers to property owned jointly by agreement of a set of colleagues, such as producer
2343:
2015:
1158:
1138:
776:
704:
125:
4255:
Schmitz, Patrick W. (2008). "Joint ownership and the hold-up problem under asymmetric information".
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5453:
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3893:
3395:
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2225:
1282:
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Solomon, Steven
Davidoff (2018), "Rise of Institutional Investors Raises Questions of Collusion",
3773:
5934:
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5681:
5377:
4692:
4585:
4414:
4370:
3948:
Azar, José; Schmalz, Martin; Tecu, Isabel (2018), "Anticompetitive
Effects of Common Ownership",
2800:
2533:, whereas the latter refers to assets that are completely open for access, such as a public park
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4188:"Investments in physical capital, relationship-specificity, and the property rights approach"
3992:
Hemphill, Scott; Kahan, Marcel (2020), "The
Strategies of Anticompetitive Common Ownership",
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528:
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Federal Trade Commission (2018), "Competition and Consumer Protection in the 21st Century",
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Collective Courage: A History of African American Cooperative Economic Thought and Practice
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596:
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235:
183:
3684:"'The way we get through this is together': mutual aid under coronavirus | Rebecca Solnit"
3521:"Self-help and Mutual Aid in Deprived Urban Neighbourhoods: Some Lessons from Southampton"
2696:
each simply termed "communism". From Marxist and anarchist analyses, a society based on a
8:
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and common ownership. Common ownership is practiced by some Christian groups such as the
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Communism in History and Theory: From Utopian socialism to the fall of the Soviet Union
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From Marx to Mises: Post-Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation
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4092:
4078:"The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration"
3979:
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3957:
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Rotemberg, Julio (1984), "Financial Transaction Costs and Industrial Performance",
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Hart, Oliver; Moore, John (1990). "Property Rights and the Nature of the Firm".
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1324:
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858:
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568:
412:
3709:"Gig workers have created a tool to offer mutual aid during COVID-19 pandemic"
3582:
Hernández-Plaza, Sonia; Alonso-Morillejo, Enrique; Pozo-Muñoz, Carmen (2006).
3481:
3358:
3249:
2744:
In antitrust economics, common ownership describes a situation in which large
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2010:
1967:
1952:
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1807:
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1667:
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2020:
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803:
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352:
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4505:"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs"
4104:
3970:
3615:
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6312:
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5510:
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shared all their money and possessions (Acts of the Apostles 2 and 4).
2273:
2180:
1917:
1747:
1449:
1404:
178:
146:
4320:
3914:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Manchester University Press. pp. 144–145.
2720:
common ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange
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5755:
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and was quoted on the back of its membership cards. The clause read:
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2649:
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2110:
1942:
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1489:
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1364:
1344:
1334:
979:
868:
392:
357:
292:
156:
151:
3071:"Inside the Bruderhof review – is this a religious stirring I feel?"
2610:
Some individuals and organizations intentionally produce or support
24:
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6147:
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2000:
1479:
1459:
601:
377:
2672:
of the means of production, reserving common ownership for what
6142:
6094:
5863:
4766:
3641:
3202:
Boundaries of Utopia - Imagining Communism from Plato to Stalin
2749:
2583:
2579:
2005:
923:
729:
5429:
3303:
The Greed Syndrome: An Ethical Sickness in American Capitalism
2556:, many Christians have since tried to follow their example of
2445:
2416:
6231:
5827:
1817:
4399:
2804:
than a non-owner, so ownership can ameliorate the so-called
5445:
2777:
1250:
3634:
Pandemic Solidarity: Mutual Aid during the Covid-19 Crisis
6204:
3933:
MIT Sloan School of Management, Working Paper No. 1554-84
6281:
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
4024:
2515:
mechanism for the creation and continued function of a
3584:"Social Support Interventions in Migrant Populations"
3780:. Bd. 1 No. 18 – via Marxist internet Archive.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3127:"Bruderhof - Fellowship for Intentional Community"
4333:
3795:. Open Court Publishing Company. pp. 44–45.
3518:
3357:
2664:, although many socialists classify socialism as
2586:as evidence that the first Christians lived in a
2511:political movements as it is seen as a necessary
2492:refers to holding the assets of an organization,
6478:
4386:The Economic Analysis of Producers' Cooperatives
3947:
4076:Grossman, Sanford J.; Hart, Oliver D. (1986).
4042:OECD (2017), "Competition in Changing Times",
2752:in several firms that compete within the same
5461:
4415:
3991:
3941:
3924:
2969:
2470:
948:
4284:"Reputation and the Allocation of Ownership"
4219:
4075:
4035:
3985:
3463:
3227:
3519:Williams, Colin C.; Windebank, Jan (2000).
3176:"Eberhard Arnold: Founder of the Bruderhof"
3103:"BBC - Inside The Bruderhof - Media Centre"
5468:
5454:
4422:
4408:
4373:was established by British prime minister
3738:"What Mutual Aid Can Do During a Pandemic"
3632:; et al. (Colectiva Sembrar) (2020).
2597:
2477:
2463:
955:
941:
4302:
4173:Firms, contracts, and financial structure
4139:
4125:
3969:
3930:
3847:
3732:
3464:Bacon, Jacqueline; McClish, Glen (2000).
3256:
2639:
2499:Forms of common ownership exist in every
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
4058:
4052:
3420:
3386:
2975:
4281:
4254:
4185:
4018:
4007:
4001:
3822:
3198:
2981:"Common Property in Anarcho-Capitalism"
2519:. Advocates make a distinction between
6479:
3912:Ideology and Politics in Britain Today
3872:
3790:
3628:
3325:
3233:
3068:
2739:
2540:
5449:
5319:Mass killings under communist regimes
4403:
3900:– via Marxist Internet Archive.
3881:– via Marxist Internet Archive.
3818:
3816:
3300:
3262:
2726:of its constitution as a goal of the
2246:International socialist organizations
1194:To each according to his contribution
4170:
4041:
3131:Fellowship for Intentional Community
2735:control of each industry or service.
2644:Many socialist movements, including
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
3875:"Socialism: Utopian and Scientific"
3402:from the original on 15 August 2021
3369:from the original on 18 August 2016
3363:"Definition of Free Cultural Works"
3192:
2766:United States Department of Justice
2703:Common ownership in a hypothetical
2578:typically regard biblical texts in
13:
3891:
3813:
3588:The British Journal of Social Work
2783:
2759:The theory was first developed by
14:
6513:
5273:Criticism of communist party rule
4358:
3873:Engels, Friedrich (Spring 1880).
3825:"There Is No Communism in Russia"
3421:NEMBHARD, JESSICA GORDON (2014).
929:Business and economics portal
6448:
6447:
5428:
5416:
5294:21st-century communist theorists
4027:FTC Hearings on Common Ownership
3771:
3392:"Free Software and Free Manuals"
2883:Mutual aid (organization theory)
2791:analyzes common ownership using
2713:elimination of material scarcity
2444:
2432:
2415:
986:
922:
23:
4555:Dictatorship of the proletariat
4327:
4275:
4248:
4213:
4179:
4164:
4119:
4069:
3904:
3885:
3866:
3841:
3784:
3774:"Critique of the Gotha Program"
3765:
3726:
3701:
3676:
3622:
3575:
3512:
3457:
3427:. Penn State University Press.
3414:
3380:
3351:
3319:
3305:. Hampshire Books. p. 32.
3294:
34:needs additional citations for
6013:Right of way (property access)
3168:
3143:
3119:
3095:
3062:
3038:
3014:
2989:Journal of Libertarian Studies
2960:
2592:To each according to his needs
1:
4495:Critique of political economy
4429:
4377:in 2000 and recommended that
4348:10.1016/S0899-8256(02)00553-5
4269:10.1016/j.econlet.2007.10.008
4207:10.1016/j.econlet.2013.03.017
3894:"The Principles of Communism"
3301:Baird, Joseph Arthur (1989).
3199:van Ree, Erik (22 May 2015).
2953:
2844:Commons-based peer production
1079:Critique of political economy
824:Commons-based peer production
544:Socialism of the 21st century
5475:
5388:Socialist mode of production
5304:Anti-communist mass killings
5246:Workers of the world, unite!
4515:Proletarian internationalism
4186:Schmitz, Patrick W. (2013).
4128:Journal of Political Economy
4085:Journal of Political Economy
2789:Neoclassical economic theory
2707:is often distinguished from
2590:. Additionally, the phrase "
2535:freely available to everyone
2349:Socialist calculation debate
2319:List of socialist economists
2294:Economic calculation problem
1179:Socialist mode of production
1036:Socialist calculation debate
7:
6319:Two Treatises of Government
5356:Marx's theory of alienation
4336:Games and Economic Behavior
4222:Journal of Economic Surveys
3365:. 1.1. freedomdefined.org.
3069:Mangan, Lucy (2019-07-25).
2898:Property rights (economics)
2816:
2564:(for about 500 years), the
10:
6518:
4175:. Oxford University Press.
3470:Rhetoric Society Quarterly
3274:Greenwood Publishing Group
2937:Tragedy of the anticommons
2718:From 1918 until 1995, the
2503:. Common ownership of the
6443:
6240:
6042:
5922:
5815:
5808:
5657:
5614:
5559:
5483:
5411:
5286:
5255:
5213:
5135:
4757:
4706:
4668:
4604:
4563:
4437:
3482:10.1080/02773940009391187
3250:10.1163/27725472-08002001
2568:(for some 100 years) and
2547:first church in Jerusalem
2344:Socialism and LGBT rights
1288:Socialist-oriented market
1236:Socialist planned economy
1139:Material balance planning
318:Socialist-oriented market
6371:The Great Transformation
5729:Labor theory of property
4540:Workers' self-management
4384:Frank H. Stephen (1984)
3848:Kropotkin, PĂ«tr (1901).
3668:: CS1 maint: location (
3396:Free Software Foundation
2770:Federal Trade Commission
1283:Socialist market economy
1208:Workers' self-management
1174:Socialism in one country
1021:Age of the Enlightenment
5940:Forest-dwelling (India)
5902:restraint on alienation
5682:Common good (economics)
5378:Revolutionary socialism
4586:Socialization (Marxism)
4371:Co-operative Commission
4313:10.1111/1468-0297.00729
4282:Halonen, Maija (2002).
3850:"Communism and Anarchy"
2996:(2): 10. Archived from
2605:retailers' cooperatives
2598:In capitalist economies
2284:Criticism of capitalism
1295:Participatory economics
1129:Labour-time calculation
6379:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
6153:Primitive accumulation
6008:Right of way (transit)
5793:Tragedy of the commons
5675:fictitious commodities
3823:Goldman, Emma (1932).
3791:Steele, David (1992).
3180:www.eberhardarnold.com
2942:Tragedy of the commons
2799:approach pioneered by
2797:incomplete contracting
2737:
2640:In socialist economies
2289:Criticism of socialism
1241:Decentralized planning
1144:Peer‑to‑peer economics
6432:The Wealth of Nations
6412:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
6404:The Ethics of Liberty
5329:Intentional community
4465:Collective leadership
4171:Hart, Oliver (1995).
4061:Competition Committee
3854:The Anarchist Library
3829:The Anarchist Library
3545:10.1080/0042098002320
3390:(November 13, 2008).
3331:Adventures in Marxism
3237:Evangelical Quarterly
2893:Post-scarcity economy
2878:Libertarian socialism
2732:
2682:upper-stage communism
2670:cooperative ownership
2507:is a central goal of
6295:Progress and Poverty
5629:Common-pool resource
5435:Socialism portal
5423:Communism portal
5278:Criticism of Marxism
5268:Communist propaganda
4698:Fourth International
4688:Second International
4475:Communist revolution
4381:(recommendation 51).
4291:The Economic Journal
3451:10.5325/j.ctv14gpc5r
3433:10.5325/j.ctv14gpc5r
3151:"Community Of Goods"
2977:Holcombe, Randall G.
2834:Common-pool resource
2824:Collective ownership
2728:British Labour Party
2576:Christian communists
2522:collective ownership
2439:Communism portal
2422:Socialism portal
1114:Industrial democracy
1064:Collective ownership
854:Newly industrialized
597:Collective ownership
458:Vertical archipelago
43:improve this article
16:Economic arrangement
6418:The Social Contract
6106:population transfer
6023:prior-appropriation
5702:homestead principle
5383:Socialist economics
5299:Anti anti-communism
5228:Red flag (politics)
4693:Third International
4683:First International
4510:Market abolitionism
4455:Class consciousness
3910:Adams, Ian (1998).
3892:Engels, Friedrich.
3600:10.1093/bjsw/bch396
3537:2000UrbSt..37..127W
2913:Religious communism
2795:. According to the
2774:European Commission
2740:Antitrust economics
2709:primitive communism
2541:Christian societies
2505:means of production
2324:Market abolitionism
2309:Left-libertarianism
1246:Inclusive Democracy
1213:Workplace democracy
1059:Calculation in kind
1041:Socialist economics
1031:Revolutions of 1848
839:Inclusive Democracy
6398:Murray N. Rothbard
5709:Free-rider problem
5403:Worker cooperative
5361:National communism
5334:Left-wing politics
5239:The Internationale
4591:Economic democracy
4388:London:Macmillan,
4234:10.1111/joes.12135
3962:10.1111/jofi.12698
3950:Journal of Finance
2558:community of goods
2329:Marxist philosophy
1149:Production for use
1119:Input–output model
1084:Economic democracy
777:Material balancing
259:Buddhist economics
58:"Common ownership"
6474:
6473:
6385:What Is Property?
6178:human trafficking
6163:Regulatory taking
6038:
6037:
5783:Right to property
5443:
5442:
5223:Hammer and sickle
4714:Communist Parties
4530:Stateless society
4525:Social revolution
4490:Communist society
4460:Classless society
4394:978-1-349-06250-8
4257:Economics Letters
4195:Economics Letters
3802:978-0-87548-449-5
3655:978-0-7453-4316-7
3442:978-0-271-06216-7
3388:Stallman, Richard
3359:Erik Möller, e.a.
3283:978-0-275-97748-1
3216:978-1-134-48533-8
2873:Geolibertarianism
2705:communist society
2662:productive forces
2634:COVID-19 pandemic
2588:communist society
2517:communist society
2487:
2486:
2279:Communist society
2251:Socialist parties
1510:Saint-Simonianism
1099:Equal opportunity
1089:Economic planning
1026:French Revolution
965:
964:
475:By regional model
269:Sabbath economics
119:
118:
111:
93:
6509:
6492:Anarchist theory
6487:Economic systems
6451:
6450:
6355:John Stuart Mill
6275:Friedrich Engels
6256:Frédéric Bastiat
6249:
6101:Forced migration
6069:Collectivization
5813:
5812:
5692:First possession
5665:Bundle of rights
5470:
5463:
5456:
5447:
5446:
5433:
5432:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5324:Internationalism
5314:Communitarianism
4678:Communist League
4581:Common ownership
4550:World revolution
4500:Free association
4424:
4417:
4410:
4401:
4400:
4352:
4351:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4306:
4297:(481): 539–558.
4288:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4192:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4143:
4134:(6): 1119–1158.
4123:
4117:
4116:
4082:
4073:
4067:
4063:
4056:
4050:
4046:
4039:
4033:
4029:
4022:
4016:
4012:
4005:
3999:
3997:
3996:, pp. 18–29
3994:Yale Law Journal
3989:
3983:
3982:
3973:
3956:(4): 1513–1565,
3945:
3939:
3935:
3928:
3922:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3879:Revue Socialiste
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3820:
3811:
3810:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3667:
3659:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3594:(7): 1151–1169.
3579:
3573:
3572:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3327:Berman, Marshall
3323:
3317:
3316:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3264:Busky, Donald F.
3260:
3254:
3253:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3002:
2985:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2927:Social ownership
2922:anti-rival goods
2903:Public ownership
2859:Creative Commons
2678:Friedrich Engels
2666:public ownership
2554:Early Christians
2552:Inspired by the
2490:Common ownership
2479:
2472:
2465:
2451:Organized Labour
2449:
2448:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2420:
2419:
2364:Workers' council
2001:Gracchi Brothers
1525:Social democracy
1268:Market socialism
1256:Project Cybersyn
1184:Soviet democracy
1169:Social ownership
1124:Internationalism
1104:Free association
1074:Common ownership
990:
967:
966:
957:
950:
943:
927:
926:
685:Municipalization
670:Financialization
640:Collectivization
622:Social ownership
612:Private property
606:Common ownership
564:Common ownership
378:Closed (autarky)
335:State capitalism
313:Socialist market
298:Market socialist
134:Economic systems
121:
120:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
6517:
6516:
6512:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6506:
6477:
6476:
6475:
6470:
6439:
6243:
6242:
6236:
6186:husband-selling
6123:Illegal logging
6118:Illegal fishing
6047:
6034:
5945:Freedom to roam
5918:
5831:(agrarian land)
5804:
5761:Property rights
5653:
5610:
5572:Estate (landed)
5555:
5479:
5474:
5444:
5439:
5427:
5417:
5415:
5407:
5282:
5251:
5209:
5131:
4753:
4702:
4664:
4600:
4571:Planned economy
4559:
4545:World communism
4520:Labour movement
4480:Communist state
4470:Communist party
4445:Anti-capitalism
4433:
4428:
4361:
4356:
4355:
4332:
4328:
4286:
4280:
4276:
4253:
4249:
4218:
4214:
4190:
4184:
4180:
4169:
4165:
4141:10.1.1.472.9089
4124:
4120:
4080:
4074:
4070:
4057:
4053:
4040:
4036:
4023:
4019:
4006:
4002:
3990:
3986:
3946:
3942:
3929:
3925:
3909:
3905:
3890:
3886:
3871:
3867:
3858:
3856:
3846:
3842:
3833:
3831:
3821:
3814:
3803:
3789:
3785:
3770:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3736:(11 May 2020).
3731:
3727:
3717:
3715:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3693:
3691:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3627:
3623:
3580:
3576:
3517:
3513:
3462:
3458:
3443:
3419:
3415:
3405:
3403:
3385:
3381:
3372:
3370:
3356:
3352:
3345:
3337:. p. 151.
3324:
3320:
3313:
3299:
3295:
3284:
3261:
3257:
3232:
3228:
3217:
3197:
3193:
3184:
3182:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3160:
3158:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3135:
3133:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3111:
3109:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3087:
3085:
3067:
3063:
3054:
3052:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3030:
3028:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2983:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2932:State ownership
2908:Public property
2819:
2806:hold-up problem
2793:contract theory
2786:
2784:Contract theory
2761:Julio Rotemberg
2742:
2694:Peter Kropotkin
2642:
2600:
2543:
2527:common property
2501:economic system
2483:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2414:
2407:
2406:
2377:
2369:
2368:
2359:Socialist state
2354:Socialist Party
2299:Economic system
2264:
2256:
2255:
2241:
2231:
2230:
1996:
1988:
1987:
1568:
1560:
1559:
1375:Democratic road
1310:
1300:
1299:
1226:
1218:
1217:
1164:Social dividend
1154:Sharing economy
1054:
1046:
1045:
1016:
1008:
961:
921:
914:
913:
879:Post-industrial
874:Post-capitalist
834:Hunter-gatherer
819:
811:
810:
725:
717:
716:
695:Nationalization
655:Demutualization
650:Corporatization
635:
627:
626:
617:State ownership
592:
584:
583:
559:
551:
550:
476:
468:
467:
438:Robinson Crusoe
373:
372:By coordination
365:
364:
349:Traditionalist
209:Neomercantilist
169:
161:
142:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6515:
6505:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6467:
6466:
6456:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6437:
6436:
6435:
6423:
6422:
6421:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6395:
6390:
6389:
6388:
6376:
6375:
6374:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6351:
6350:
6338:
6337:
6336:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6310:
6305:
6303:Garrett Hardin
6300:
6299:
6298:
6286:
6285:
6284:
6272:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6252:
6250:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6234:
6229:
6228:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6202:
6201:
6200:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6188:
6180:
6175:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6098:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6074:Eminent domain
6071:
6066:
6065:
6064:
6057:Bioprospecting
6053:
6051:
6049:redistribution
6040:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6004:
6003:
5991:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5964:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5926:
5924:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5916:
5915:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5884:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5867:
5860:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5833:
5825:
5816:
5810:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5779:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5758:
5753:
5751:Natural rights
5748:
5743:
5742:
5741:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5705:
5704:
5699:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5667:
5661:
5659:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5620:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5596:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5487:
5485:
5481:
5480:
5473:
5472:
5465:
5458:
5450:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5425:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5341:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5287:Related topics
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5263:Anti-communism
5259:
5257:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5242:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5219:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4763:
4761:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4674:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4650:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4616:
4610:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
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4497:
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4457:
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4450:Class conflict
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4398:
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4359:External links
4357:
4354:
4353:
4342:(1): 153–173.
4326:
4304:10.1.1.11.8312
4274:
4263:(3): 577–580.
4247:
4212:
4201:(3): 336–339.
4178:
4163:
4150:10.1086/261729
4118:
4097:10.1086/261404
4091:(4): 691–719.
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4010:New York Times
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3743:The New Yorker
3734:Tolentino, Jia
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3630:Sitrin, Marina
3621:
3574:
3531:(1): 127–147.
3511:
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3344:978-1859843093
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3312:978-1877674020
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3276:. p. 14.
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2864:Egalitarianism
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2698:superabundance
2686:Vladimir Lenin
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2263:Related topics
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6393:David Ricardo
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6360:Elinor Ostrom
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6158:Privatization
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6141:
6139:
6138:Legal plunder
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6089:Expropriation
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5842:
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5834:
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5826:
5824:
5823:(watercourse)
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5807:
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5769:
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5766:primogeniture
5764:
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5749:
5747:
5746:Legal plunder
5744:
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5732:
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5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5697:appropriation
5695:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5687:Excludability
5685:
5683:
5680:
5676:
5673:
5672:
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5668:
5666:
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5662:
5660:
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5451:
5448:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5424:
5414:
5413:
5410:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5398:War communism
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5364:
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5149:
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5141:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5122:Moufawad-Paul
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
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4908:
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4709:
4707:Organisations
4705:
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4411:
4406:
4405:
4402:
4396:, p. 145
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3920:9780719050565
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3779:
3778:Die Neue Zeit
3775:
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3748:United States
3745:
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3244:(2): 99–111.
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3107:www.bbc.co.uk
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3047:
3046:"Acts 4:1–37"
3041:
3027:
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3022:"Acts 2:1–47"
3017:
3003:on 2013-09-11
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2810:human capital
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2722:was cited in
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2620:public domain
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2382:Related lists
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1567:Intellectuals
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1500:Revolutionary
1498:
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1468:
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1458:
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1446:
1443:
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1438:
1436:
1435:Laissez-faire
1433:
1431:
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1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
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1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
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1340:Authoritarian
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1189:Strike action
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1094:Equal liberty
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884:Post-scarcity
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860:
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850:
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832:
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829:Expeditionary
827:
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797:
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721:
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705:Socialization
703:
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700:Privatization
698:
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693:
691:
690:Mutualization
688:
686:
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681:
680:Marketization
678:
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665:Expropriation
663:
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645:Communization
643:
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383:Decentralized
381:
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359:
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340:Social credit
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308:Participatory
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219:Social market
217:
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214:Protectionist
212:
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197:
195:
194:Laissez-faire
192:
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110:
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91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
6459:Property law
6430:
6416:
6402:
6383:
6369:
6365:Karl Polanyi
6345:
6341:Marcel Mauss
6331:
6317:
6308:David Harvey
6293:
6289:Henry George
6279:
6270:Ronald Coase
6260:
6245:
6191:wife selling
6173:bride buying
6111:repatriation
6093:
6044:Disposession
5998:
5887:Property law
5862:
5858:Forest types
5828:
5820:
5809:Applications
5739:rent-seeking
5724:Gift economy
5582:Intellectual
5495:
5309:Anti-fascism
5195:Soviet Union
4580:
4576:Gift economy
4535:Wage slavery
4385:
4378:
4364:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4294:
4290:
4277:
4260:
4256:
4250:
4225:
4221:
4215:
4198:
4194:
4181:
4172:
4166:
4131:
4127:
4121:
4105:1721.1/63378
4088:
4084:
4071:
4060:
4054:
4043:
4037:
4026:
4020:
4009:
4003:
3993:
3987:
3971:1721.1/49091
3953:
3949:
3943:
3932:
3926:
3911:
3906:
3897:
3887:
3878:
3868:
3857:. Retrieved
3853:
3843:
3832:. Retrieved
3828:
3806:
3792:
3786:
3777:
3772:Marx, Karl.
3767:
3755:. Retrieved
3741:
3728:
3716:. Retrieved
3712:
3703:
3692:. Retrieved
3690:. 2020-05-14
3688:the Guardian
3687:
3678:
3638:Archway Road
3633:
3624:
3591:
3587:
3577:
3528:
3524:
3514:
3476:(4): 19–47.
3473:
3469:
3459:
3423:
3416:
3404:. Retrieved
3382:
3371:. Retrieved
3353:
3330:
3321:
3302:
3296:
3288:Google Books
3286:– via
3268:
3258:
3241:
3235:
3229:
3221:Google Books
3219:– via
3201:
3194:
3183:. Retrieved
3179:
3170:
3159:. Retrieved
3157:. 2012-02-24
3154:
3145:
3134:. Retrieved
3130:
3121:
3110:. Retrieved
3106:
3097:
3086:. Retrieved
3075:The Guardian
3074:
3064:
3053:. Retrieved
3049:
3040:
3029:. Retrieved
3025:
3016:
3005:. Retrieved
2998:the original
2993:
2987:
2971:
2962:
2787:
2758:
2743:
2733:
2719:
2717:
2715:in society.
2702:
2690:Emma Goldman
2643:
2628:
2614:, including
2612:free content
2609:
2601:
2574:
2551:
2544:
2531:cooperatives
2526:
2520:
2498:
2489:
2488:
1395:Evolutionary
1315:21st-century
1109:Freed market
1073:
794:Peer-to-peer
789:Self-managed
724:Coordination
660:Deregulation
605:
563:
345:Distributist
199:Mercantilist
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
6333:Das Kapital
6220:progressive
6210:inheritance
6133:Land reform
5907:real estate
5882:Land tenure
5870:Inheritance
5798:anticommons
5734:Law of rent
5714:Game theory
5644:Information
5624:Common land
5521:Cooperative
5393:Trade union
5351:LGBT rights
5185:Philippines
4636:Pre-Marxist
4629:Libertarian
4228:: 281–302.
3646:Pluto Press
3335:Verso Books
2888:Open source
2854:Cooperative
2849:Condominium
2829:Common land
2801:Oliver Hart
2658:communalist
2622:works, and
2616:open source
2426:WikiProject
2304:French Left
2096:Spiridonova
1995:Politicians
1908:Castoriadis
1588:Saint-Simon
1540:Third World
1535:Syndicalism
1470:Nationalist
1445:Libertarian
1410:Free-market
1273:Lange model
1261:Soviet-type
1231:Communalism
1203:Vanguardism
1159:Spontaneism
1069:Cooperative
1015:Development
899:Traditional
849:Manorialism
844:Information
818:Other types
804:Open access
767:Cybernetics
509:Anglo-Saxon
494:Singaporean
453:Underground
448:Subsistence
353:Corporatist
328:Syndicalist
288:Communalist
174:Associative
168:By ideology
141:Major types
6481:Categories
6464:by country
6426:Adam Smith
6313:John Locke
5977:indigenous
5972:aboriginal
5892:alienation
5587:indigenous
5577:Intangible
5491:Collective
5002:Berlinguer
4892:Khrushchev
4375:Tony Blair
3859:2024-01-29
3834:2024-01-29
3752:Condé Nast
3713:TechCrunch
3694:2020-06-14
3373:2015-04-20
3185:2017-12-01
3161:2017-12-01
3155:Hutterites
3136:2017-11-08
3112:2019-10-10
3088:2019-12-23
3055:2017-12-01
3031:2017-12-01
3007:2014-09-13
2954:References
2776:, and the
2684:" or what
2630:Mutual aid
2618:software,
2562:Hutterites
2513:democratic
2494:enterprise
2397:Socialists
2392:By country
2274:Capitalism
2156:Mitterrand
2121:Gerhardsen
2066:Liebknecht
2051:Markievicz
1978:Varoufakis
1928:Fotopoulos
1598:Saint-Just
1593:Buonarroti
1578:Campanella
1515:Scientific
1450:Marhaenism
1405:Fourierism
1390:Ecological
1370:Democratic
904:Transition
864:Plantation
772:Indicative
634:Transition
484:East Asian
255:Religious
231:Democratic
204:Neoliberal
189:Democratic
179:Capitalist
147:Capitalism
99:March 2018
69:newspapers
6497:Socialism
6327:Karl Marx
6128:Land Back
6079:Enclosure
6062:biopiracy
6000:Bergregal
5982:squatting
5756:Ownership
5670:Commodity
5649:Knowledge
5560:By nature
5516:Customary
5506:Community
5373:Red Scare
5256:Criticism
5136:By region
5117:Hatherley
4947:Althusser
4882:Togliatti
4832:Kollontai
4827:Luxemburg
4812:Pannekoek
4807:Malatesta
4802:Kropotkin
4658:Christian
4653:Religious
4648:Primitive
4614:Anarchist
4596:Use value
4564:Economics
4431:Communism
4299:CiteSeerX
4242:1467-6419
4136:CiteSeerX
3664:cite book
3608:0045-3102
3569:155040089
3553:0042-0980
3506:144385631
3490:0277-3945
3406:March 22,
3207:Routledge
3083:0261-3077
2746:investors
2724:Clause IV
2674:Karl Marx
2654:reformist
2650:anarchist
2566:Bruderhof
2509:socialist
2269:Anarchism
2191:Gorbachev
2041:Malatesta
2036:Bernstein
1813:Pankhurst
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1738:Plekhanov
1713:Carpenter
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1475:Nkrumaism
1465:Municipal
1365:Communism
1360:Christian
1345:Blanquism
1335:Anarchism
1278:Mutualism
980:Socialism
869:Plutonomy
750:Regulated
579:Voluntary
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264:Christian
184:Corporate
157:Communism
152:Socialism
6502:Property
6454:Property
6347:The Gift
6246:key work
6241:Scholars
6225:property
6182:spousal
6148:Poaching
6084:Eviction
6028:riparian
5989:Littoral
5897:easement
5875:executor
5846:literary
5771:usufruct
5719:Georgism
5599:Tangible
5594:Personal
5501:Communal
5484:By owner
5477:Property
5344:New Left
5339:Old Left
5233:Red star
5148:Colombia
5067:Gordillo
5042:Holloway
4987:Guattari
4957:Pasolini
4942:Hobsbawm
4927:Beauvoir
4887:Benjamin
4862:Bukharin
4852:Thälmann
4624:Leninist
4606:Variants
4438:Concepts
3898:Vorwärts
3718:21 March
3644:N6 5AA:
3616:23721354
3561:43084635
3400:Archived
3367:Archived
3361:(2008).
3329:(2000).
3266:(2002).
2979:(2005).
2947:Usufruct
2869:Georgism
2817:See also
2754:industry
2680:termed "
2624:fair use
2387:Category
2126:Erlander
2086:Kerensky
2056:Connolly
1913:Thompson
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1888:Montseny
1838:Vanzetti
1803:Einstein
1773:Landauer
1678:Saltykov
1673:Lassalle
1633:Proudhon
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5935:Fishing
5821:Acequia
5788:Rivalry
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5634:Digital
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5551:Unowned
5526:Private
5366:Romania
5215:Symbols
5205:Vietnam
5200:Sumatra
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5072:Gilmore
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5047:Hampton
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4912:Padmore
4872:Gramsci
4842:Trotsky
4817:Du Bois
4777:Meslier
4670:History
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4113:1833199
4044:DG COMP
3980:7965196
3757:28 July
3533:Bibcode
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2839:Commons
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2206:Sankara
2166:Mandela
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1973:Graeber
1953:Hampton
1923:Chomsky
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1853:Gramsci
1843:Bordiga
1833:Polanyi
1788:Russell
1778:Berkman
1768:Goldman
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1723:Bellamy
1688:Tolstoy
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1638:Greeley
1628:Blanqui
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1425:Islamic
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1355:Chinese
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5639:Global
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5531:Public
5496:Common
5190:Poland
5163:Kerala
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5102:Kelley
5097:Lordon
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5062:Ă–calan
5027:Newton
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5012:Guzmán
4992:Debord
4977:Berger
4972:Castro
4962:Mandel
4952:Freire
4917:Sartre
4857:Makhno
4847:Lukács
4837:Stalin
4797:Morris
4792:Engels
4782:Babeuf
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4759:People
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2061:Gandhi
2016:Babeuf
2006:Mazdak
1968:Hedges
1948:Ă–calan
1933:Newton
1893:Sartre
1883:Guérin
1878:Orwell
1828:Korsch
1823:Lukács
1808:Keller
1798:Rocker
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5170:Korea
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5052:Zizek
5037:Davis
5022:Sison
5007:Negri
4967:Fanon
4922:Hoxha
4907:James
4822:Lenin
4317:JSTOR
4287:(PDF)
4191:(PDF)
4154:JSTOR
4109:JSTOR
4081:(PDF)
3976:S2CID
3612:JSTOR
3565:S2CID
3557:JSTOR
3502:S2CID
3494:JSTOR
3447:JSTOR
3001:(PDF)
2984:(PDF)
2918:Rival
2402:Songs
2376:Lists
2181:Palme
2031:Bebel
2021:Blanc
1983:Saito
1958:Žižek
1938:Wolff
1873:James
1858:Sacco
1848:Serge
1818:Volin
1763:Gorky
1753:Wells
1748:Dewey
1733:Wilde
1718:Sorel
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4739:WIDF
4729:WFDY
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4390:ISBN
4238:ISSN
3916:ISBN
3797:ISBN
3759:2020
3720:2020
3670:link
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3486:ISSN
3437:ISBN
3408:2009
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3307:ISBN
3278:ISBN
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2011:Roux
1963:West
1918:Ward
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1251:OGAS
745:Open
740:Free
428:Open
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398:Dual
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6205:Tax
5930:Air
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4937:Kim
4897:Mao
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