460:
56:
306:
101:
314:
1021:
3470:
302:), the largely independent rule of the dukes over their respective territories, and also limited the number of electors to seven. The Pope, contrary to modern myth, was never involved in the electoral process but only in the process of ratification and coronation of whomever the Prince-Electors chose.
221:
when important decisions had to be made, probably based on the old
Germanic law whereby each leader relied on the support of his leading men. In the early and high Middle Ages these assemblies were not yet institutionalized, but were held as needed at the decision of the king or emperor. They weren't
199:
The right to vote rested essentially on a territorial entitlement, with the result that when a given prince acquired new territories through inheritance or otherwise, he also acquired their voting rights in the diet. In general, members did not attend the permanent diet at
Regensburg, but sent
208:
The role and function of the
Imperial Diet evolved over the centuries, like the Empire itself, with the estates and separate territories increasing control of their own affairs at the expense of imperial power. Initially, there was neither a fixed time nor location for the Diet. It began as a
3323:
In religious and all other affairs in which the estates cannot be considered as one body, and when the
Catholic estates and those of the Augsburg Confession are divided into two parties, the dispute is to be decided by amicable agreement alone, and neither side is to be bound by a majority
916:, religious matters could no longer be decided by a majority vote of the colleges. Instead, the Reichstag would separate into Catholic and Protestant bodies, which would discuss the matter separately and then negotiate an agreement with each other, a procedure called the
379:
of 1648, which formally bound the
Emperor to accept all decisions made by the Diet, in effect depriving him of his few remaining powers. From then until its end in 1806, the Empire was not much more than a collection of largely independent states.
988:). In 1893 the commission published the first volume. At present the years 1524–1527 and years up to 1544 are being collected and researched. A volume dealing with the 1532 Diet of Regensburg, including the peace negotiations with the
963:
also converted to
Catholicism, Prussia and Hanover attempted to take over the directorship in 1717–1720, but without success. The Electors of Saxony would head the Protestant body until the end of the Holy Roman Empire.
334:
Until the late 15th century the Diet was not formalized as an institution. Instead, the dukes and other princes would irregularly convene at the court of the
Emperor. These assemblies were usually referred to as
856:) evolved from 1489 onwards. It contributed greatly to the development of the Imperial Diets as a political institution. Nevertheless, the collective vote of the cities was of inferior importance until a 1582
625:
of 1803 entailed the dissolution of the
Cologne and Trier Prince-archbishoprics, the Prince-Archbishop of Mainz and German Archchancellor received—as compensation for his lost territory occupied by
809:). Due to the Princes, their single vote from 1582 strictly depended on their immediate fiefs; this principle led to an accumulation of votes, when one ruler held several territories in
959:
converted to
Catholicism in 1697 in order to become King of Poland, but the Electorate itself remained officially Protestant and retained the directorship of the Protestant body. When
840:
of 1803, numerous ecclesiastical territories were annexed by secular estates. However, a reform of the
Princes' college was not carried out until the Empire's dissolution in 1806.
108:
Town Hall from a 1675 engraving: Emperor and prince-electors at the head, secular princes to the left, ecclesiastical to the right, deputies of imperial cities in the foreground.
1628:
Otto I celebrated his son and Theophanu Byzantine princess' marriage and a plenty of foreigners came to celebrate with them. Hungarian envoys came to request mission priests.
184:
himself. While all the estates were entitled to a seat and vote, only the higher temporal and spiritual princes of the College of Princes enjoyed an individual vote (
725:
had failed to assume the leadership of the secular bench, they received the guidance over the ecclesiastical princes. The first ecclesiastical prince was the
1001:
953:
would speak, followed by the remaining states in order of size. When all the states had spoken, Saxony would weigh the votes and announce a consensus.
3169:
705:
The House of Princes was again subdivided into an ecclesiastical and a secular bench. Remarkably, the ecclesiastical bench was headed by the—secular—
3206:
3474:
702:. Strong in members, though often discordant, the second college tried to preserve its interests against the dominance of the Prince-electors.
17:
368:
became oligarchic republics independent of a local ruler, subject only to the Emperor himself, and managed to be accepted as third parties.
586:
took over the electoral dignity of the Count Palatine, who himself received a separate vote in the electoral college according to the 1648
282:, thus overcoming the longstanding rivalry between Franks and Saxons and laying the foundation for the German realm. After the conquest of
3495:
144:
in the contemporary sense; its members envisioned it more like a central forum where it was more important to negotiate than to decide.
446:
736:
814:
3427:
3266:
895:
472:
826:
1028:
864:. The college was led by the city council of the actual venue until the Perpetual Diet in 1663, when the chair passed to
459:
433:
The Imperial Diet of Constance opened on 27 April 1507; it recognized the unity of the Holy Roman Empire and founded the
309:
The summons for Luther to appear at the Diet of Worms, signed by Charles V. The text on the left was on the reverse side.
200:
representatives instead. The late imperial diet was in effect a permanent meeting of ambassadors between the estates.
3456:
3441:
3413:
3395:
3380:
3163:
2575:
2474:
2456:
2439:
2422:
3490:
2495:
2244:
2226:
675:
787:
294:
of the Empire, marking the beginning of the steady decline of the central power in favour of the local dukes. The
2953:
2806:
2080:
2062:
2040:
2022:
2004:
1985:
1952:
188:), while lesser estates such as imperial counts and imperial abbots, were merely entitled to a collective vote (
3224:
2384:
2331:
663:
610:
2231:
Frederick has his uncle, Philip of Swabia, who was murdered 1208 in Bamberg, interred in the Speyer cathedral
2645:
2405:
2298:
1752:
100:
813:. Counts and Lords only were entitled to collective votes, they therefore formed separate colleges like the
3311:
2262:
2190:
2169:
2148:
2130:
2109:
2084:
2044:
1856:
1838:
1820:
1786:
1731:
1713:
1679:
1162:
1032:
977:
545:
427:
166:
644:
1892:
1874:
1657:
1607:
283:
857:
630:
570:
91:
55:
1698:
1133:
726:
305:
945:. At meetings of the Protestant body, Saxony would introduce each topic of discussion, after which
783:
871:
The Imperial cities also divided into a Swabian and Rhenish bench. The Swabian cities were led by
699:
275:
2759:
2280:
960:
956:
894:
For a complete list of members of the Imperial Diet from 1792, near the end of the Empire, see
779:
775:
759:
710:
638:
415:
771:
2751:
2728:
2090:
1931:
1910:
1737:
950:
626:
614:
602:(formally Brunswick-LĂĽneburg) became the ninth Prince-elector as Archbannerbearer during the
599:
510:
411:
407:
252:
1454:
942:
937:
837:
747:
740:
714:
706:
622:
574:
560:
463:
The coats of arms of prince electors surround the Holy Roman Emperor's, from flags book of
384:
8:
2789:
2469:
2337:
2094:
1517:
1511:
1495:
1426:
1408:
1390:
1216:
946:
929:
924:
913:
763:
656:
650:
587:
524:
520:
480:
434:
376:
371:
Several attempts to reform the Empire and end its slow disintegration, starting with the
295:
1980:
1833:
1208:
1151:
849:
691:
603:
535:
488:
365:
361:
328:
181:
177:
3339:
Kalipke, Andreas (2010). "The Corpus Evangelicorum". In Coy; Marschke; Sabean (eds.).
2143:
3452:
3437:
3423:
3409:
3391:
3376:
3262:
2938:
1998:
1081:
822:
722:
618:
423:
287:
137:
47:
3420:
Des Kaisers alte Kleider. Verfassungsgeschichte und Symbolsprache des Alten Reiches.
2904:
2785:
2208:
1548:
1475:
1356:
1338:
1071:
861:
795:
755:
731:
583:
549:
514:
503:
279:
214:
141:
3449:
Das alte Reich in der deutschen Geschichte. Studien über Kontinuitäten und Zäsuren
3272:
2614:
2500:
1469:
1444:
1320:
1302:
1220:
1085:
1076:
829:. Likewise, on the ecclesiastical bench, the Imperial abbots joined a Swabian or
791:
388:
260:
152:
148:
129:
87:
290:
finalized four laws that would significantly alter the (never formally written)
3200:
2755:
2732:
2658:
2640:
2490:
2480:
2154:
2115:
1916:
1869:
1781:
1543:
1265:
1212:
918:
907:
818:
810:
718:
687:
484:
400:
357:
263:
and other tribes. In 803, the Frankish emperor issued the final version of the
117:
464:
3484:
2654:
2650:
973:
695:
595:
496:
396:
392:
322:
318:
790:, according to the 1648 Peace of Westphalia was under alternating rule of a
375:, did not have much effect. In contrast, this process was hastened with the
3276:
2504:
1562:
1186:
372:
291:
2767:
2508:
1620:
1202:
1182:
1177:
1156:
1126:
1121:
1100:
993:
989:
767:
264:
244:
235:
162:
2275:
2017:
491:. The seven Prince-electors were designated by the Golden Bull of 1356:
3354:
3194:
3158:
3142:
3126:
3110:
3094:
3078:
3062:
3030:
2998:
2948:
2816:
2799:
2075:
1636:
1297:
1197:
1106:
865:
666:
as Holy Roman Emperor the Empire was dissolved only three years later.
539:
248:
170:
105:
3259:
Reich and Nation. The Holy Roman Empire as Idea and Reality, 1763–1806
313:
196:), as did the free imperial cities belonging to the College of Towns.
3301:
History of the Reformation in Germany, page 70, by Leopold von Ranke.
2864:
2848:
2702:
2685:
2668:
2451:
2347:
2326:
2310:
2185:
2175:
1947:
1926:
1584:
1506:
1486:
1464:
1450:
1439:
1421:
1403:
1385:
1351:
1333:
1172:
1095:
997:
888:
872:
419:
256:
3373:
Das Heilige Römische Reich deutscher Nation in der Neuzeit 1486–1806
3046:
2982:
2966:
2930:
2914:
2896:
2777:
2624:
2585:
2550:
2534:
1943:
1799:
1726:
1708:
1652:
1566:
1527:
1110:
876:
662:
These changes however had little effect, as with the abdication of
271:
633:. In turn, four secular princes were elevated to prince-electors:
2605:
2566:
2035:
1602:
880:
564:
218:
3245:
Les relations entre la France et le Saint-Empire au XVIIe siècle
3022:
The infantry of the Empire gained a comprehensive military code
3469:
3014:
2880:
2832:
2742:
2719:
2518:
2434:
2417:
2400:
2363:
2293:
2257:
2221:
2203:
2164:
2104:
2057:
1965:
1905:
1887:
1851:
1765:
1747:
1670:
1589:
1571:
1369:
1315:
1281:
1230:
1005:
884:
801:
Each member of the Princes' College held either a single vote (
404:
337:
224:
157:
430:
in 1663 did the Diet permanently convene at a fixed location.
3406:
Enzyklopädie der Neuzeit, Bd. 10: Physiologie-Religiöses Epos
2601:
2239:
2125:
1815:
1255:
830:
180:
and, therefore, they had no authority above them besides the
104:
Seating plan for an inauguration of the Imperial Diet in the
3436:(Enzyklopädie Deutscher Geschichte, Band 42). München 2003,
2390:
2379:
1139:
774:
remained an ecclesiastical member even after it had turned
210:
165:. From 1663 until the end of the empire in 1806, it was in
3283:
345:"court"). Only beginning in 1489 was the Diet called the
155:
as a permanent, regularized institution evolved from the
3312:"Peace Treaties of Westphalia (October 14/24, 1648)"
27:
General assembly of the Holy Roman Empire (803–1806)
360:and of the remaining dukes and princes. Later, the
383:Probably the most famous Diets were those held in
232:). They were usually held in the imperial palaces
3482:
613:, the electoral dignities of the Palatinate and
582:The number increased to eight, when in 1623 the
451:From 1489, the Diet comprised three colleges:
3261:. Indiana University Press. pp. 22–23.
746:The ecclesiastical bench also comprised the
739:, though officially a member until the 1678
298:cemented the concept of "territorial rule" (
259:in 777 and determined laws over the subdued
976:in 1871, the Historical Commission of the
928:, was headed by the Archbishop-Elector of
3334:
3332:
3289:
3256:
1361:Discussion and regulation of inheritance
447:List of Imperial Diet participants (1792)
967:
957:Frederick Augustus II, Elector of Saxony
458:
356:Initially, the two colleges were of the
312:
304:
99:
3338:
815:Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts
14:
3483:
3329:
3319:German History in Documents and Images
3247:, Honoré Champion, Paris, 2001, p. 22.
879:and Regensburg, the Rhenish cities by
794:bishop and a Lutheran bishop from the
743:, did not attend the Diet's meetings.
3355:"Hóman-Szegfű : Magyar Történet"
980:started to collect imperial records (
896:List of Reichstag participants (1792)
426:). Only with the introduction of the
1015:
3341:The Holy Roman Empire, Reconsidered
901:
594:), including the high office of an
349:, and it was formally divided into
243:For example, already under Emperor
151:, divided into three colleges. The
136:) was the deliberative body of the
24:
3496:Imperial Diets (Holy Roman Empire)
1413:Preparing a War against the Slavs
617:were merged, approved by the 1779
25:
3507:
3462:
2576:War of the Succession of Landshut
1662:War against France in the Autumn
827:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circles
192:) within their particular bench (
3468:
3408:. Stuttgart 2009, str. 948–953,
3404:. In: Friedrich Jaeger (Hrsg.):
1019:
54:
3434:Das Reich in der frĂĽhen Neuzeit
3365:
2807:Constitutio Criminalis Carolina
1915:Decision to participate in the
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
972:After the formation of the new
941:, was headed by the Elector of
440:
3347:
3304:
3295:
3250:
3237:
3225:Imperial Diet (disambiguation)
611:War of the Bavarian Succession
437:, the empire's supreme court.
13:
1:
3475:Reichstag (Holy Roman Empire)
3343:. Berghahn. pp. 228–247.
3230:
984:) and imperial diet records (
788:Prince-Bishopric of OsnabrĂĽck
762:of the Monastic State of the
737:Prince-Archbishop of Besançon
251:, a Hoftag, according to the
176:All Imperial Estates enjoyed
18:Reichstag (Holy Roman Empire)
3418:Barbara Stollberg-Rilinger:
2153:Abolishment of the Duchy of
1189:his installation as Emperor
1011:
978:Bavarian Academy of Sciences
721:from 1556). As the Austrian
511:Prince-Archbishop of Cologne
506:as Archchancellor of Germany
428:Perpetual Diet of Regensburg
274:the dukes elected the first
7:
3257:Gagliardo, John G. (1980).
3218:
3178:recessus imperii novissimus
454:
10:
3512:
905:
772:Prince-Bishopric of LĂĽbeck
669:
631:Principality of Regensburg
521:Prince-Archbishop of Trier
504:Prince-Archbishop of Mainz
481:Prince-Archbishop of Mainz
444:
203:
161:(court assemblies) of the
92:Confederation of the Rhine
1697:End of the usurpation of
843:
784:House of Holstein-Gottorp
657:Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
546:Elector of the Palatinate
327:19th-century painting by
88:Diet of the Confederation
83:
75:
67:
62:
53:
46:Deliberative body of the
45:
32:
3388:Das Alte Reich 1495–1806
1131:Division of Saxony into
935:The Protestant body, or
922:. The Catholic body, or
805:) or a collective vote (
3491:Historical legislatures
3174:JĂĽngster Reichsabschied
2754:, reinstatement of the
2574:Arbitration ending the
1008:was published in 1992.
817:and mergers within the
780:diocesan administrators
629:—the newly established
571:Margrave of Brandenburg
217:tribes that formed the
3371:Peter Claus Hartmann:
2762:. Proclamation of the
2760:Protestation at Speyer
2081:Frederick I Barbarossa
2063:Frederick I Barbarossa
2041:Frederick I Barbarossa
2023:Frederick I Barbarossa
2005:Frederick I Barbarossa
1986:Frederick I Barbarossa
1953:Frederick I Barbarossa
1163:Tassilo III of Bavaria
727:Archbishop of Salzburg
531:four secular Princes,
468:
416:Protestation at Speyer
331:
310:
270:At the Diet of 919 in
133:
121:
109:
2091:Archbishop of Cologne
1738:Battle of Vlaardingen
968:Collection of records
854:Reichsstädtekollegium
523:as Archchancellor of
513:as Archchancellor of
495:three ecclesiastical
462:
445:Further information:
316:
308:
253:Royal Frankish Annals
222:called Diet yet, but
147:Its members were the
103:
38:Dieta Imperii (Latin)
3477:at Wikimedia Commons
2788:presentation of the
2731:, suspension of the
1033:adding missing items
938:corpus evangelicorum
838:German Mediatisation
715:Habsburg Netherlands
627:Revolutionary France
623:German Mediatisation
2790:Augsburg Confession
2507:in the wake of the
2095:Duchy of Westphalia
2089:Investiture of the
1518:Arnulf I of Bavaria
1512:Conrad of Franconia
1496:Conrad of Franconia
1427:Arnulf of Carinthia
1409:Arnulf of Carinthia
1391:Arnulf of Carinthia
1217:Charles the Younger
1161:Deposition of Duke
947:Brandenburg-Prussia
925:corpus catholicorum
914:Peace of Westphalia
764:Knights Hospitaller
707:Archduke of Austria
686:) incorporated the
645:Duke of WĂĽrttemberg
588:Peace of Westphalia
483:in his capacity as
377:Peace of Westphalia
296:Golden Bull of 1356
278:, who was a Saxon,
276:King of the Germans
3447:Heinz Angermeier:
3390:. Darmstadt 2003,
3375:. Stuttgart 2005,
2764:Wiedertäufermandat
1699:Henry the Wrangler
1474:Council about the
1254:Invitation of the
1209:Carolingian Empire
1152:Ingelheim am Rhein
1113:refused to appear
1031:; you can help by
1002:Rosemarie Aulinger
741:Treaty of Nijmegen
600:Elector of Hanover
469:
418:), and several in
366:Imperial immediacy
332:
329:Hermann Wislicenus
311:
209:convention of the
182:Holy Roman Emperor
126:Comitium Imperiale
110:
40:Reichstag (German)
3473:Media related to
3428:978-3-406-57074-2
3292:, pp. 22–23.
3268:978-0-2531-6773-6
3216:
3215:
2939:Peace of Augsburg
2479:Formation of the
1999:Diet of Roncaglia
1449:Execution of the
1082:Donation of Pepin
1049:
1048:
961:the Elector's son
758:, as well as the
723:House of Habsburg
651:Margrave of Baden
619:Treaty of Teschen
561:Elector of Saxony
473:Electoral College
424:Diet of Nuremberg
391:was enacted, and
288:Diet of Roncaglia
167:permanent session
138:Holy Roman Empire
98:
97:
84:Succeeded by
48:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
3503:
3472:
3451:. MĂĽnchen 1998,
3432:Helmut Neuhaus:
3400:Edgar Liebmann:
3359:
3358:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3336:
3327:
3326:
3316:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3254:
3248:
3243:Klaus Malettke,
3241:
2905:Augsburg Interim
2786:Diet of Augsburg
2615:Imperial Circles
2336:Issuance of the
2209:Philip of Swabia
1549:Henry the Fowler
1357:Louis the German
1339:Louis the German
1207:Division of the
1072:Quierzy-sur-Oise
1051:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1023:
1022:
1016:
902:Religious bodies
796:House of Hanover
756:Teutonic Knights
732:Primas Germaniae
680:ReichsfĂĽrstenrat
676:Imperial Princes
639:Duke of Salzburg
435:Imperial Chamber
403:), the Diets of
399:was banned (see
317:"Here I stand":
300:Landesherrschaft
280:Henry the Fowler
219:Frankish kingdom
149:Imperial Estates
142:legislative body
125:
58:
30:
29:
21:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3481:
3480:
3465:
3386:Axel Gotthard:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3337:
3330:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3288:
3284:
3269:
3255:
3251:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3221:
3198:
3192:
3170:Youngest Recess
2501:Imperial Reform
2144:Schwäbisch Hall
1470:Louis the Child
1445:Louis the Child
1321:Louis the Pious
1303:Louis the Pious
1221:Louis the Pious
1137:under Frankish
1086:Pope Stephen II
1077:Pepin the Short
1045:
1039:
1036:
1020:
1014:
986:Reichstagsakten
970:
910:
904:
850:Imperial Cities
848:The college of
846:
786:from 1586. The
700:Imperial abbots
688:Imperial Counts
674:The college of
672:
604:Nine Years' War
584:Duke of Bavaria
575:Archchamberlain
536:King of Bohemia
457:
449:
443:
389:Imperial Reform
362:imperial cities
358:prince-electors
353:("colleges").
326:
206:
140:. It was not a
123:
41:
39:
36:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3509:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3479:
3478:
3464:
3463:External links
3461:
3460:
3459:
3445:
3430:
3422:MĂĽnchen 2008,
3416:
3398:
3384:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3346:
3328:
3303:
3294:
3290:Gagliardo 1980
3282:
3267:
3249:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3203:
3201:Perpetual Diet
3186:
3182:
3181:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2783:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2756:Edict of Worms
2752:Diet of Speyer
2749:
2746:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2733:Edict of Worms
2729:Diet of Speyer
2726:
2723:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2659:Edict of Worms
2648:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2481:Swabian League
2477:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2155:Lower Lorraine
2151:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2116:Henry the Lion
2112:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2087:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2002:
2001:near Piacenza
1996:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1950:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1917:Second Crusade
1913:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1736:Preparing the
1734:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1569:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1213:Pepin of Italy
1205:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1105:First Diet on
1103:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1047:
1046:
1026:
1024:
1013:
1010:
969:
966:
919:itio in partes
908:Itio in partes
906:Main article:
903:
900:
845:
842:
811:personal union
752:Deutschmeister
719:Habsburg Spain
696:Prince-Bishops
671:
668:
660:
659:
653:
647:
641:
598:. In 1692 the
592:Causa Palatina
580:
579:
578:
577:
567:
557:
542:
529:
528:
527:
517:
507:
497:Prince-Bishops
485:Archchancellor
479:), led by the
456:
453:
442:
439:
401:Edict of Worms
205:
202:
122:Dieta Imperii
96:
95:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
60:
59:
51:
50:
43:
42:
37:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3508:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3476:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3458:
3457:3-486-55897-8
3454:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3442:3-486-56729-2
3439:
3435:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3415:
3414:3-534-17605-7
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3397:
3396:3-534-15118-6
3393:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3381:3-15-017045-1
3378:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3356:
3350:
3342:
3335:
3333:
3325:
3320:
3313:
3307:
3298:
3291:
3286:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3240:
3236:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3164:Ferdinand III
3162:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2655:Martin Luther
2652:
2651:Diet of Worms
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2475:Frederick III
2473:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2458:
2457:Frederick III
2455:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2440:Frederick III
2438:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2423:Frederick III
2421:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:meadows near
1564:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1052:
1043:
1040:February 2021
1034:
1030:
1027:This list is
1025:
1018:
1017:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
974:German Empire
965:
962:
958:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
939:
933:
931:
927:
926:
921:
920:
915:
909:
899:
897:
892:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
869:
867:
863:
862:Augsburg Diet
859:
855:
851:
841:
839:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
733:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
667:
665:
658:
654:
652:
648:
646:
642:
640:
636:
635:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
596:Archtreasurer
593:
589:
585:
576:
572:
568:
566:
562:
558:
555:
551:
547:
543:
541:
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2766:condemning
2509:Swabian War
2338:Golden Bull
1621:Quedlinburg
1298:Diedenhofen
1203:Charlemagne
1198:Diedenhofen
1183:Charlemagne
1178:Charlemagne
1157:Charlemagne
1127:Charlemagne
1122:Lippspringe
1109:soil, Duke
1101:Charlemagne
994:Schweinfurt
990:Protestants
982:Reichsakten
803:Virilstimme
778:, ruled by
768:Heitersheim
760:Grand Prior
690:as well as
684:FĂĽrstenbank
565:Archmarshal
550:Archsteward
465:Jacob Köbel
286:, the 1158
265:Lex Saxonum
247:during the
245:Charlemagne
236:Kaiserpfalz
213:of the old
186:Virilstimme
163:Middle Ages
3485:Categories
3231:References
3195:Regensburg
3190:Reichssaal
3185:1663–1806
3159:Regensburg
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2385:Wenceslaus
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2076:Gelnhausen
1932:Conrad III
1911:Conrad III
1637:Regensburg
1060:President
1029:incomplete
912:After the
866:Regensburg
823:Franconian
776:Protestant
711:Burgundian
664:Francis II
249:Saxon Wars
171:Regensburg
106:Regensburg
3402:Reichstag
3197:town hall
2865:Nuremberg
2849:Nuremberg
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2686:Nuremberg
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2653:, ban of
2646:Charles V
2470:Esslingen
2452:Nuremberg
2406:Sigismund
2389:Peace of
2348:Frankfurt
2327:Nuremberg
2311:Frankfurt
2299:Henry VII
2186:Frankfurt
2176:Richard I
2174:Trial of
2114:Exile of
2093:with the
1948:Merseburg
1927:Frankfurt
1834:Ingelheim
1753:Conrad II
1585:Forchheim
1507:Forchheim
1487:Forchheim
1465:Forchheim
1451:Babenberg
1440:Forchheim
1422:Forchheim
1404:Forchheim
1386:Forchheim
1352:Forchheim
1334:Forchheim
1173:Paderborn
1143:(counts)
1096:Paderborn
1012:Locations
998:Nuremberg
889:Frankfurt
873:Nuremberg
833:college.
782:from the
717:(held by
692:immediate
420:Nuremberg
347:Reichstag
257:Paderborn
255:, met at
230:court day
178:immediacy
134:Reichstag
76:Disbanded
3277:4401178M
3219:See also
3207:See list
3155:1653–54
3139:1640–41
3075:1597/98
3047:Augsburg
2983:Augsburg
2967:Augsburg
2945:1556/57
2931:Augsburg
2915:Augsburg
2911:1550/51
2897:Augsburg
2778:Augsburg
2682:1522/23
2625:Augsburg
2586:Konstanz
2551:Augsburg
2535:Freiburg
2531:1497/98
2515:1496/97
2276:WĂĽrzburg
2263:Rudolf I
2191:Henry VI
2170:Henry VI
2149:Henry VI
2131:Henry VI
2110:Henry VI
2085:Henry VI
2045:Henry VI
2018:WĂĽrzburg
1944:Dortmund
1857:Henry IV
1839:Henry IV
1821:Henry IV
1800:Augsburg
1787:Henry IV
1732:Henry II
1727:Nijmegen
1714:Otto III
1709:Dortmund
1680:Otto III
1653:Dortmund
1567:Augsburg
1528:Fritzlar
1478:attacks
1455:Adalhard
1111:Widukind
877:Augsburg
825:and the
792:Catholic
709:and the
525:Burgundy
455:Electors
395:, where
351:collegia
272:Fritzlar
215:Germanic
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951:Hanover
881:Cologne
860:of the
836:In the
831:Rhenish
819:Swabian
754:of the
694:lords,
670:Princes
615:Bavaria
609:In the
489:Germany
467:(1545).
338:Hoftage
321:at the
204:History
158:Hoftage
68:Founded
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2720:Speyer
2519:Lindau
2435:Speyer
2418:Speyer
2401:Speyer
2364:Speyer
2294:Speyer
2258:Speyer
2222:Speyer
2204:Speyer
2165:Speyer
2105:Erfurt
2058:Speyer
1981:Bisanz
1966:Goslar
1906:Speyer
1888:Speyer
1852:Tribur
1766:Tribur
1748:Minden
1671:Verona
1590:Otto I
1572:Otto I
1476:Magyar
1453:Rebel
1370:Tribur
1316:Speyer
1282:Aachen
1231:Aachen
1211:among
1140:Grafen
1063:Theme
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1006:Vienna
943:Saxony
885:Aachen
858:Recess
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130:German
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2014:1165
1995:1158
1977:1157
1962:1154
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