Cologne - Knowledge

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form networks beyond party boundaries. The resulting web of relationships, with political, economic, and cultural links with each other in a system of mutual favours, obligations and dependencies, is called the 'Cologne coterie'. This has often led to an unusual proportional distribution in the city government and degenerated at times into corruption: in 1999, a "waste scandal" over kickbacks and illegal campaign contributions came to light, which led not only to the imprisonment of the entrepreneur Hellmut Trienekens, but also to the downfall of almost the entire leadership of the ruling Social Democrats.

5946: 5932: 5855: 103: 8252: 3781: 11732: 6669: 6991: 150: 6028: 8611: 6188: 6399: 654: 6002: 6465: 1666: 6795: 6196: 6086: 5960: 3637: 251: 12711: 7534: 1248: 628: 8382: 6062: 675: 5972: 1653:. By the end of the war, the population of Cologne had been reduced by 95%. This loss was mainly caused by a massive evacuation of the people to more rural areas. The same happened in many other German cities in the last two years of war. By the end of 1945, however, the population had already recovered to approximately 450,000. By the end of the war, essentially all of Cologne's pre-war Jewish population of 11,000 had been deported or killed by the Nazis. The six synagogues of the city were destroyed. The 8408: 6654: 6561: 8460: 8330: 6016: 1268: 3799: 2021:) with cool winters and warm summers. It is also one of the cloudiest cities in Germany, with just 1,567.5 hours of sun a year. Its average annual temperature is 10.7 °C (51 °F): 15.4 °C (60 °F) during the day and 6.1 °C (43 °F) at night. In January, the mean temperature is 3.0 °C (37 °F), while the mean temperature in July is 19.0 °C (66 °F). The record high temperature of 40.3 °C (105 °F) happened on 25 July 2019 during the 13539: 3727: 7988: 181: 8265: 7154: 8317: 203: 11549: 8434: 8291: 167: 8304: 213: 8538: 8557: 8512: 8278: 3511: 3673: 1240: 8473: 8343: 3655: 3439: 8486: 3763: 3745: 3583: 235: 3565: 3403: 3709: 3529: 8499: 8421: 8597: 6591: 6434: 6074: 3493: 8447: 8356: 8577: 8395: 6922:, the Thursday before Ash Wednesday, which is the beginning of the street carnival. Zülpicher Strasse and its surroundings, Neumarkt square, Heumarkt and all bars and pubs in the city are crowded with people in costumes dancing and drinking in the streets. Hundreds of thousands of visitors flock to Cologne during this time. Generally, around a million people celebrate in the streets on the Thursday before Ash Wednesday. 11394: 3547: 3475: 8525: 3457: 1929: 3691: 3601: 8369: 8239: 6964:("Alt"). Waiters and patrons will "scorn" and make a "mockery" of people who order Alt beer in Cologne or Kölsch in Düsseldorf. The rivalry has been described as a "love–hate relationship". The Köln Guild of Brewers was established in 1396. The Kölsch beer style first appeared in the 1800s and in 1986 the breweries established an appellation under which only breweries in the city are allowed to use the term Kölsch. 6330: 11411: 11386: 3421: 1166:. The archbishop nevertheless preserved the right of capital punishment. Thus the municipal council (though in strict political opposition towards the archbishop) depended upon him in all matters concerning criminal justice. This included torture, the sentence for which was only allowed to be handed down by the episcopal judge known as the greve. This legal situation lasted until the French conquest of Cologne. 3619: 5430: 5169: 5139: 5091: 5080: 5056: 5045: 4990: 4960: 4936: 4925: 4901: 4890: 4866: 4855: 11369: 7425: 7523: 6366: 5112: 1565: 1221: 290: 258: 1482:) with two fortified belts surrounding the city, the remains of which can be seen to this day. The military demands on what became Germany's largest fortress presented a significant obstacle to urban development, with forts, bunkers, and wide defensive dugouts completely encircling the city and preventing expansion; this resulted in a very densely built-up area within the city itself. 1314:(red sparks). These soldiers were part of the Army of the Holy Roman Empire ("Reichskontingent"). They fought in the wars of the 17th and 18th century, including the wars against revolutionary France in which the small force was almost completely wiped out in combat. The tradition of these troops is preserved as a military persiflage by Cologne's most outstanding carnival society, the 5910:: These buildings are outstanding examples of medieval church architecture. The origins of some of the churches go back as far as Roman times, for example St. Gereon, which was originally a chapel in a Roman graveyard. With the exception of St. Maria Lyskirchen all of these churches were very badly damaged during World War II. Reconstruction was only finished in the 1990s. 5918: 1528:(1919–33), and progress was made especially in public governance, city planning, housing and social affairs. Social housing projects were considered exemplary and were copied by other German cities. Cologne competed to host the Olympics, and a modern sports stadium was erected at Müngersdorf. When the British occupation ended, the prohibition of civil aviation was lifted and 6620: 1709:("North-South-Drive"). The master plan took into consideration the fact that even shortly after the war a large increase in automobile traffic could be anticipated. Plans for new roads had already, to a certain degree, evolved under the Nazi administration, but the actual construction became easier when most of the city centre was in ruins. 4044:. As of 31 December 2021, there were 1,079,301 people registered as living in Cologne in an area of 404.99 km (156.37 sq mi), which makes Cologne the third largest city by area. The population density was 2,700/km (7,000/sq mi). Cologne first reached the population of 1,000,000 in 1975 due to the incorporation of 1271: 1270: 1276: 1274: 1269: 1036:, there is evidence of a Jewish community in Cologne. In 321 CE, Emperor Constantine approved the settlement of a Jewish community with all the freedoms of Roman citizens. It is assumed that it was located near the Marspforte within the city wall. The Edict of Constantine to the Jews is the oldest documented evidence in Germany. 1275: 9675: 2025:

in which Cologne saw three consecutive days over 38.0 °C (100 °F). Especially the inner urban neighbourhoods experience a greater number of hot days, as well as significantly higher temperatures during nighttime compared to the surrounding area (including the airport, where temperatures are

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According to the Statistical Office of the City of Cologne, the number of people with a migrant background is at 40.5% (436,660). 2,254 people acquired German citizenship in 2021. In 2021, there were 559,854 households, of which 18.4% had children under the age of 18; 51% of all households were made

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During the 19th and 20th centuries, Cologne absorbed numerous surrounding towns, and by World War I had already grown to 700,000 inhabitants. Industrialisation changed the city and spurred its growth. Vehicle and engine manufacturing was especially successful, though the heavy industry was less

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In the 1980s and 1990s Cologne's economy prospered for two main reasons. The first was the growth in the number of media companies, both in the private and public sectors; they are especially catered for in the newly developed Media Park, which creates a strong visual focal point in Cologne's city

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cities in Germany during World War II. The bombing reduced the population by 93% mainly due to evacuation, and destroyed around 80% of the millennia-old city center. The post-war rebuilding has resulted in a mixed cityscape, restoring most major historic landmarks like city gates and churches

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The long tradition of a free imperial city, which long dominated an exclusively Catholic population and the age-old conflict between the church and the bourgeoisie (and within it between the patricians and craftsmen) have created its own political climate in Cologne. Various interest groups often

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There were 551,528 women and 527,773 men in Cologne. In 2021, there were 11,127 births in Cologne; 5,844 marriages and 1,808 divorces, and 10,536 deaths. In the city, the population was spread out, with 16.3% under the age of 18, and 17.8% were 65 years of age or older. 203 people in Cologne were

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between east and west as well as the main south–north Western Europe trade route, Venice to Netherlands; even by the mid-10th century, merchants in the town were already known for their prosperity and luxurious standard of living due to the availability of trade opportunities. The intersection of

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in World War II. 1,046 heavy bombers attacked their target with 1,455 tons of explosives, approximately two-thirds of which were incendiary. This raid lasted about 75 minutes, destroyed 600 acres (243 ha) of built-up area (61%), killed 486 civilians and made 59,000 people homeless. The

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telecommunication tower at 266 m or 873 ft. The observation deck has been closed since 1992. A selection of the tallest buildings in Cologne is listed below. Other tall structures include the Hansahochhaus (designed by architect Jacob Koerfer and completed in 1925 – it was at one time

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and several other monuments in World War II, meant a tremendous loss of cultural treasures. The rebuilding of those churches and other landmarks such as the Gürzenich event hall was not undisputed among leading architects and art historians at that time, but in most cases, civil intention

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and the continuity of the German nation since the Middle Ages. Some of this urban growth occurred at the expense of the city's historic heritage with much being demolished (for example, the city walls or the area around the cathedral) and sometimes replaced by contemporary buildings.

1341:, the archbishops of Cologne repeatedly challenged and threatened the free status of Cologne during the 17th and 18th centuries, resulting in complicated affairs, which were handled by diplomatic means and propaganda as well as by the supreme courts of the Holy Roman Empire. 5761: 1445:

was imprisoned before taking asylum in the Netherlands. These conflicts alienated the Catholic population from Berlin and contributed to a deeply felt anti-Prussian resentment, which was still significant after World War II, when the former mayor of Cologne,

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allows these birds to survive through the winter, and in some cases, they are displacing native species. The plumage of Cologne's green parrots is highly visible even from a distance, and contrasts starkly with the otherwise muted colours of the cityscape.

7389:) ranks as a major European trade fair location with over 50 trade fairs and other large cultural and sports events. In 2008 Cologne had 4.31 million overnight stays booked and 2.38 million arrivals. Cologne's largest daily newspaper is the 1290:

The economic structures of medieval and early modern Cologne were characterised by the city's status as a major harbour and transport hub on the Rhine. Craftsmanship was organised by self-administering guilds, some of which were exclusive to women.

7236:. Several clusters of media, arts and communications agencies, TV production studios, and state agencies work partly with private and government-funded cultural institutions. Among the insurance companies based in Cologne are Central, DEVK, DKV, 5795:

The inner city of Cologne was largely destroyed during World War II. The reconstruction of the city followed the style of the 1950s, while respecting the old layout and naming of the streets. Thus, the city centre today is characterized by

1501:, the mayor of Cologne from 1917 until 1933 and later a West German chancellor, acknowledged the political impact of this approach, especially since Britain had opposed French demands for a permanent Allied occupation of the entire Rhineland. 8016: 1006:, a bridge was built over the Rhine at Cologne. Roman imperial governors resided in the city and it became one of the most important trade and production centers in the Roman Empire north of the Alps. Cologne is shown on the 4th century 1697:), Cologne benefited by being sandwiched between two important political centres. The city became–and still is–home to a number of federal agencies and organizations. After reunification in 1990, Berlin was made the capital of Germany. 1052:. Cunibert, made bishop of Cologne in 623, was an important advisor to the Merovingian King Dagobert I and served with domesticus Pepin of Landen as tutor to the king's son and heir Siegebert III, the future king of Austrasia. In 716, 6354:), Cologne's second tallest building at 165.48 metres (542.91 ft) in height, second only to the Colonius telecommunication tower. The 30th floor of the building has a restaurant and a terrace with 360° views of the city. 1770:, one of Cologne's most prominent high-rise buildings. The second was the permanent improvement of the diverse traffic infrastructure, which made Cologne one of the most easily accessible metropolitan areas in Central Europe. 1796:

The metropolitan area encompasses over 405 square kilometres (156 square miles), extending around a central point that lies at 50° 56' 33 latitude and 6° 57' 32 longitude. The city's highest point is 118 m (387 ft)

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members of the city assembly, and Mayor Adenauer was dismissed. Compared to some other major cities, however, the Nazis never gained decisive support in Cologne. (Significantly, the number of votes cast for the Nazi Party in

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classified). Still temperatures can vary noticeably over the course of a month with warmer and colder weather. Precipitation is spread evenly throughout the year with a light peak in summer due to showers and thunderstorms.

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In 1959, the city's population reached pre-war numbers again. It then grew steadily, exceeding 1 million for about one year from 1975. It remained just below that until mid-2010, when it exceeded 1 million again.

4048:, however this was reversed after public opposition. In 2009 Cologne's population again reached 1,000,000 and it became one of the four cities in Germany with a population exceeding 1 Million. The metropolitan area of the 5826:

The dominant wildlife of Cologne is insects, small rodents, and several species of birds. Pigeons are the most often seen animals in Cologne, although the number of birds is augmented each year by a growing population of

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is one of the largest street festivals in Europe. In Cologne, the carnival season officially starts on 11 November at 11 minutes past 11 a.m. with the proclamation of the new Carnival Season, and continues until

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claimed that Christianity was brought to Cologne by Roman soldiers and traders at an unknown early date. It is known that in the early second century it was a bishop's seat. The first historical Bishop of Cologne was

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called Cologne the "world's greatest heap of rubble". Schwarz designed the master plan for reconstruction in 1947, which included the construction of several new thoroughfares through the city centre, especially the

10357: 1272: 655: 743: 6145:) is one of the main shopping areas and extends past the cathedral in an approximately southerly direction. The street contains many gift shops, clothing stores, fast food restaurants and electronic goods dealers. 10133: 986:. Considerable Roman remains can be found in present-day Cologne, especially near the wharf area, where a 1,900-year-old Roman boat was discovered in late 2007. From 260 to 271, Cologne was the capital of the 9971: 9930: 942: 9615: 9593: 9307: 10790: 9485: 4029:

In the Roman Empire, the city was large and rich with a population of 40,000 in 100–200 AD. The city was home to around 20,000 people in 1000 AD, growing to 50,000 in 1200 AD. The

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Forum for Internet Technology in Contemporary Art – collections of Internet-based art, corporate part of (NewMediaArtProjectNetwork):cologne, the experimental platform for art and New Media

629: 7971:, have their headquarters in the city. Film and TV production is also important. The city is "Germany's capital of TV crime stories". A third of all German TV productions are made in the 676: 9115: 4777: 1123:. In order to weaken the secular nobility, who threatened his power, Otto endowed Bruno and his archiepiscopal successors with the prerogatives of secular princes, thus establishing the 13200: 6047:

A plan published in 1800 shows the medieval city wall still intact, locating 16 gates (Nr. 36–51 in the legend), e.g., 47: Eigelsteintor, 43: Hahnentor, 39: Severinstor.

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in Germany still in use. The Renaissance-style loggia and tower were added in the 15th century. Other famous buildings include the Gürzenich, Haus Saaleck and the Overstolzenhaus.

10827: 8086: 1621:, which caused approximately 20,000 civilian casualties and almost completely wiped out the central part of the city. During the night of 31 May 1942, Cologne was the target of " 1462:, started in 1248 but abandoned around 1560, was eventually finished in 1880 not just as a place of worship but also as a German national monument celebrating the newly founded 11095: 10201: 10521: 10335: 8185: 4811:) governs the city alongside the Mayor. It serves a term of five years. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows: 10849: 8750: 13885: 10140: 6159:

shopping street at its eastern end and has been named the busiest shopping street in Europe with 13,000 people passing through every hour, according to a 2008 study by

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Cologne has more than 60 music venues and the third-highest density of music venues of Germany's four largest cities, after Munich and Hamburg and ahead of Berlin.

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Werner Eck: Köln in römischer Zeit. Geschichte einer Stadt im Rahmen des Imperium Romanum. (= Geschichte der Stadt Köln in 13 Bänden, Bd. 1) Köln 2004, p. 325 ff.

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for the company and their product. He decided to use the house number given to the factory at Glockengasse during the French occupation in the early 19th century,

6514: 8710: 4415:. She took office on 15 December 2015. Reker was re-elected to a second term in a runoff election on 27 September 2020, in which she received 59.27% of the vote. 3368:, protection from rising waters for buildings close to the river banks, monitoring and forecasting systems, pumping stations and programmes to create or protect 10990: 9891: 6523: 4348:(prayer call) for up to five minutes on Fridays between noon and 3 p.m. She commented that the move "shows that diversity is appreciated and loved in Cologne". 1325:, which was a state of its own within the Holy Roman Empire. Since the second half of the 16th century the majority of archbishops were drawn from the Bavarian 11573: 9623: 9585: 9299: 8834: 6869:

at the beginning of the 18th century. During the 18th century, this perfume became increasingly popular, was exported all over Europe by the Farina family and

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Hedgehogs, rabbits and squirrels are common in parks and the greener parts of town. In the outer suburbs foxes and wild boar can be seen, even during the day.

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Maternus, who was elected as bishop in 313, was the first known bishop of Cologne. The city was the capital of a Roman province until it was occupied by the

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and the overwhelmingly Protestant Prussian state repeatedly escalated with Cologne being in the focus of the conflict. In 1837 the archbishop of Cologne,

1143:. By the end of the 12th century, the Archbishop of Cologne was one of the seven electors of the Holy Roman Emperor. Besides being prince elector, he was 13230: 10935: 9586:"Wetter und Klima – Deutscher Wetterdienst – Stadtklima Köln – Klimawandelgerechte Metropole Köln – Strategie zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel (KÖLN_21)" 8657: 8108:, which is located in the Marsdorf district, and is responsible for Toyota's major motorsport development and operations, which in the past included the 6489: 5818:

Green areas account for over a quarter of Cologne, which is approximately 75 m (807.29 sq ft) of public green space for every inhabitant.

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and is a globally recognized landmark and one of the most visited sights and pilgrimage destinations in Europe. The cityscape is further shaped by the

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Historically, Cologne has always been an important trade city, with land, air, and sea connections. The city has five Rhine ports, the second largest

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that once existed, only the Eigelsteintorburg at Ebertplatz, the Hahnentor at Rudolfplatz and the Severinstorburg at Chlodwigplatz still stand today.

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and removing the old elites from power. The Napoleonic code remained in use on the left bank of the Rhine until 1900, when a unified civil code (the

10720: 10253: 8728: 7475:("North-South-Drive") was actually completed, a new four/six-lane city centre through-route, which had already been anticipated by planners such as 1512:) around the city by converting the fortifications and their fields of fire into large public parks. This was not completed until 1933. In 1919 the 11060: 10108:"Nordrhein-Westfalen: Religions- und Weltanschauungsgemeinschaften, die auf Landesebene den Status "Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts" besitzen" 10107: 8675:"Bevölkerung der Gemeinden Nordrhein-Westfalens am 31. Dezember 2023 – Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes auf Basis des Zensus vom 9. Mai 2011" 7904: 6212: 1256: 10499: 9695: 4785: 11967: 8222: 8181: 7887: 1497:. In contrast with the harsh behaviour of the French occupation troops in Germany, the British forces were more lenient to the local population. 11927: 1213:

confirmed the city's imperial immediacy. Cologne was so influential in regional commerce that its systems of weights and measurements (e.g. the

1127:, formed by the temporal possessions of the archbishopric and included in the end a strip of territory along the left Bank of the Rhine east of 317: 13222: 11465: 11328: 9112: 7877: 7447:. In 1965, Cologne became the first German city to be fully encircled by a motorway ring road. Roughly at the same time, a city centre bypass ( 6223: 4774: 9559: 9259: 7576:, Brussels (in 1h47, 9 departures/day) and Paris (in 3h14, 6 departures/day). There are frequent ICE trains to other German cities, including 1942:

Blumenberg, Chorweiler, Esch/Auweiler, Fühlingen, Heimersdorf, Lindweiler, Merkenich, Pesch, Roggendorf/Thenhoven, Seeberg, Volkhoven/Weiler,

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gave RheinEnergieStadion a bronze medal for "being one of the best sporting venues in the world". The city also hosts the two football clubs

801:, the French version of the city's name, has become standard in English as well. Cologne functioned as the capital of the Roman province of 11957: 10231: 8630: 6945: 6510: 6231: 1169:

Besides its economic and political significance Cologne also became an important centre of medieval pilgrimage, when Cologne's archbishop,

896:, Europe's largest airline, have their main corporate headquarters in Cologne. It also has a significant chemical and automobile industry. 11247: 7951:), a Jewish school in Cologne, previously closed. After Russian immigration increased the Jewish population, the school reopened in 2002. 12026: 10461: 8751:

https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4

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The districts outside the city center consist mostly of 19th and 20th century buildings. Around 25% of Cologne was built before 1945.

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due to their historical importance. Some buildings of the "Wiederaufbauzeit" (era of reconstruction), for example, the opera house by

4184:. Cologne has a Little Istanbul in Keupstraße that has many Turkish restaurants and markets. Famous Turkish-German people like rapper 13820: 11099: 11011: 9206: 8799: 8678: 8143: 7606:

system that is partially underground and serves Cologne and a number of neighbouring cities. It evolved from the tram system. Nearby

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The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows:

1586:). Cologne was under the command of Lieutenant-General Freiherr Roeder von Diersburg, who was responsible for military operations in 858: 10435: 10193: 6941: 6931: 13860: 12710: 11982: 11121: 10573: 10525: 10331: 5443: 10853: 7040: 1433:, was arrested and imprisoned for two years after a dispute over the legal status of marriages between Catholics and Protestants ( 13905: 12510: 12035: 11952: 11225: 9653: 925: 690: 459: 435: 88: 10618: 10409: 4337:

Cologne also has one of the oldest and largest Jewish communities in Germany. In 2011, 0.3% of Cologne's population was Jewish.

1329:. Due to the free status of Cologne, the archbishops were usually not allowed to enter the city. Thus they took up residence in 13900: 13840: 11937: 8950: 7754: 7707: 2857:

The progressing climate change can be seen by looking at the climate data of the previous decade with lower mean temperatures.

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Cologne is regularly affected by flooding from the Rhine and is considered the most flood-prone European city. A city agency (

10283: 9867: 9833: 9543: 9368: 6718: 5907: 5633: 5576: 4911: 4469: 4404: 1713: 868:; it hosts more than 30 museums and hundreds of galleries. There are many institutions of higher education, most notably the 755: 131: 9136: 7405:

Cologne has also become the first German city with a population of more than a million people to declare climate emergency.

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opposite to the cathedral with a 103 m (338 ft) high viewing platform and a view of the cathedral over the Rhine.

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Kirsten Serup-Bilfeld, Zwischen Dom und Davidstern. Jüdisches Leben in Köln von den Anfängen bis heute. Köln 2001, page 193

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The Allies dropped 44,923.2 tons of bombs on the city during World War II, destroying 61% of its built up area. During the

1430: 1378: 702: 7106: 3364:, "Cologne Urban Drainage Operations") manages an extensive flood control system which includes both permanent and mobile 13799: 12495: 11972: 4315:

and 4.2% belonged to further religious communities officially recognized by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (such as

10551: 9300:"The National Archives | World War II | Western Europe 1939–1945: Hamburg | Why did the RAF bomb cities?" 9041: 7089:

Geomuseum of the University of Cologne – the exhibition includes fossils (such as dinosaur bones and the skeleton of an

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is also the name of the local dialect. This has led to the common joke of Kölsch being the only language one can drink.

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Cologne is home to 90,000 people of Turkish origin and is the second largest German city with Turkish population after

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from a Roman villa of Cologne, Germany (site of the ancient city Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium), 3rd century CE,

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Ecologies and Economies in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Studies in Environmental History for Richard C. Hoffmann

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Cologne is home to numerous universities and colleges, and host to some 72,000 students. Its oldest university, the

7300: 1415: 11947: 11033: 8170: 8166: 8125: 7810: 861:). The city nowadays consists of around 25% pre World War II buildings and boasts around 9,000 historic buildings. 747: 11420: 8082: 2015: 1489:

Cologne was the target of several minor air raids but suffered no significant damage. Cologne was occupied by the

1334: 13419: 12505: 12019: 10085: 9512: 9385: 8012: 7739: 7691: 7253: 6495: 4976: 4408: 1880:, Godorf, Hahnwald, Immendorf, Marienburg, Meschenich, Raderberg, Raderthal, Rodenkirchen, Rondorf, Sürth, Weiß, 1533: 877: 873: 250: 10687: 7959:

Within Germany, Cologne is known as an important media centre. Several radio and television stations, including

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is linked by both the Stadtbahn and main line railway trains, with occasional recreational boats on the Rhine.

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in the North-West of Germany. Kölsch is one of the very few city dialects in Germany, which also include the

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on the Rhine. As members of an influential and powerful family, and supported by their outstanding status as

10957: 6756: 1392:(French: Aix-la-Chapelle) as its capital. The French modernised public life, for example by introducing the 848:, the city had undergone occupations by the French (1794–1815) and the British (1918–1926), and was part of 13264: 12327: 11920: 11662: 9996: 8151: 8147: 8139: 7914:

CologneAMS – Centre for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne

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features regional and international authors. The main literary figure connected with Cologne is the writer

6257:) is a dominant landmark along the river embankment. A Rhine crossing of a special kind is provided by the 6043: 4280: 4052:

is home to 3,573,500 living on 4,415/km (11,430/sq mi). It is part of the polycentric megacity region

2022: 1778: 1556:

elections had always been the national average.) By 1939, the population had risen to 772,221 inhabitants.

537: 10767: 10712: 10464:[Club Study 2021: Initiative Musik presents individual evaluations of the German federal states]. 6767:. Cologne was also an important hotbed for electronic music in the 1950s (Studio für elektronische Musik, 6529: 5808:, are nowadays regarded as classics of modern architecture. Nevertheless, the uncompromising style of the 1516:, closed by the French in 1798, was reopened. This was considered to be a replacement for the loss of the 693:

of Germany with nearly 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and over 3.1 million people in the

12551: 10022: 9785: 8732: 6978: 6204: 5726: 5189: 4674: 1553: 9091: 7596: 7561: 7359: 7295:

cars, has its headquarters and workshops in Cologne. Other large companies based in Cologne include the

4064:

up of singles. 8% of all households were single-parent households. The average household size was 1.88.

13875: 12012: 11852: 11599: 9702: 8105: 7429: 7284: 6973: 6829: 6686: 3372:, and river embankments. The system was redesigned after a 1993 flood, which resulted in heavy damage. 1701: 1494: 1159: 1116: 1029: 571: 388: 10909: 10491: 5900:(see also). Residents of Cologne sometimes refer to the cathedral as "the eternal construction site" ( 1398: 13865: 13835: 13484: 12529: 11847: 11065: 7853: 7631:

has 5 lines which cross Cologne. The S13/S19 runs 24/7 between Cologne Hbf and Cologne/Bonn airport.

6266: 6085: 5889: 4392: 4363: 3352: 1508:, the city's fortifications had to be dismantled. This was an opportunity to create two green belts ( 1490: 1072:

mountains, rallied supporters and took the city back that same year after defeating Chilperic in the

889: 751: 10358:"Tourism results for 2016: Moderate decrease in visitor numbers due to difficult general conditions" 10224:"Oberbürgermeisterwahl – Wahl des/der Oberbürgermeisters/in 2015 in der Stadt Köln – Gesamtergebnis" 6246: 6061: 5971: 13449: 9563: 9538:

Bezirksregierung Köln: Topografische Karte 1:50.000 (TK 50), Blatt L 5108 Köln-Mülheim. Köln 2012,

9255: 8627:, the municipal infrastructure company, operator of the city's railways, ports, and other utilities 8113: 7083: 6995: 1717: 1650: 1517: 648: 24: 8856: 7391: 7165: 6846:

The city also has the most pubs per capita in Germany. Cologne is well known for its beer, called

6764: 31: 8117: 8055: 7976: 7968: 7843: 7804: 7209: 7022: 5951: 5937: 5780: 5031: 4554: 4308: 3381: 1721: 1197:

these trade routes was the basis of Cologne's growth. By the end of the 12th century, Archbishop

1018: 1003: 885: 762:, which has been produced in the city since 1709; "cologne" has since come to be a generic term. 545: 217: 117: 13499: 11778: 4233:

group of languages. These dialects are spoken in the area covered by the Archdiocese and former

212: 13324: 11590: 11588: 9358: 8132: 7960: 7487: 7257: 7205: 7198: 7016: 6772: 6208: 5854: 5690: 5594: 5540: 5522: 5504: 4841: 4799: 4692: 4656: 4638: 4588: 4465: 4461: 4412: 4400: 4323: 4316: 4301: 3642: 3338: 2848: 1730: 1682: 1618: 995: 951: 706: 686: 421: 364: 172: 13555: 13389: 13379: 13279: 7077:

rule in Cologne with a special focus on the persecution of political dissenters and minorities

6752: 6748: 6732: 4399:. She received 52.66% of the vote at the municipal election on 17 October 2015, running as an 1362: 13459: 13409: 12786: 11773: 11158: 10387: 8918: 7861: 7729: 7703: 7346: 6819: 6768: 6722: 6690: 6015: 5880:) is the city's most famous monument and the Cologne residents' most loved landmark. It is a 5836: 4234: 1654: 1513: 1474:. It was turned into a heavily armed fortress (opposing the French and Belgian fortresses of 1370: 1322: 1198: 1124: 869: 516: 9760: 8635: 8135:

was founded in Cologne in 1906. The city offers the most options and top events in Germany.

7080:

German Sports and Olympic Museum – exhibitions about sports from antiquity until the present

6668: 5851:

Cologne had 5.8 million overnight stays booked and 3.35 million arrivals in 2016.

4383: 901: 13855: 13684: 13104: 12186: 11914: 11897: 11882: 11842: 11832: 11783: 11731: 11548: 11474: 10744: 7671: 7414: 7378: 7237: 7197:, while the city is also an important cultural and research centre and home to a number of 7057: 6990: 6953: 5832: 4254: 2034: 1838: 1798: 1725: 1622: 1374: 1326: 1260: 897: 526: 383: 202: 13769: 11798: 11007: 9202: 8803: 8209: 7557: 7514:. In 2014, it ranked 36th out of 39 German cities with a population greater than 200,000. 7311:

breweries. The largest three Kölsch breweries of Cologne are Reissdorf, Gaffel, and Früh.

6894: 6878: 6217: 1073: 102: 8: 13749: 13524: 13319: 13134: 13048: 11872: 11822: 11758: 11502: 11490: 10439: 8762: 8303: 8121: 8008: 8004: 7510:. It has repeatedly ranked among the worst in an independent evaluation conducted by the 7233: 6866: 6787:(the student quarter around the Zülpicher Straße) and the nightclub-studded areas around 6398: 6389:

from 1973 to 1976. Today, it is still the country's second tallest residential building.

6227: 6187: 5885: 5881: 5797: 5788: 4289: 4049: 1886: 1859: 1151: 1132: 947: 931: 694: 484: 141: 13489: 11817: 11763: 11538: 11125: 10577: 10082:"Zensus 2011: Bevölkerung im regionalen Vergleich nach Religion (ausführlich) in %" 8503: 8020: 7034: 6714: 1980: 1532:

soon became a hub for national and international air traffic, second in Germany only to

1349: 13845: 13669: 13557: 13231: 13129: 12942: 12573: 11892: 11793: 11788: 11508: 10166: 9022: 8295: 8264: 7444: 7333: 7268: 6814: 6606: 6105: 4946: 4518: 4227: 4218: 1987: 1903: 1774: 1411: 1407: 1358: 1295: 1155: 1120: 1017:

in 462. Parts of the original Roman sewers are preserved underneath the city, with the

966: 921: 905: 881: 830: 717:), about 35 km (22 mi) southeast of the North Rhine-Westphalia state capital 669: 13464: 12246: 11827: 11691: 11217: 9645: 8624: 8024: 7655: 7439:. The first German limited-access road was constructed after 1929 between Cologne and 7271:

have their main corporate headquarters in Cologne. The largest employer in Cologne is

1802: 661: 149: 76: 13242: 13237: 12577: 12397: 12282: 11862: 11768: 11753: 11748: 10608: 10413: 9863: 9829: 9801: 9539: 9364: 8972: 8924: 8081:, being home of some of Germany's oldest regatta courses and boat clubs, such as the 8032: 7628: 7592: 7577: 6464: 6258: 6007: 5923: 5873: 5784: 4357: 2793: 2745: 1678: 1634:

from 1942 until the end of the war, and presented in his exhibition and book of 1947

1459: 1381: 1366: 1299: 1170: 1111:

In 953, the archbishops of Cologne first gained noteworthy secular power when bishop

1065: 977: 834: 804: 733: 682: 493: 359: 137: 113: 13359: 8942: 7056:

of the Archbishopric of Cologne) – modern art museum built around medieval ruins of

6794: 6291: 5718: 1729:

prevailed. The reconstruction lasted until the 1990s, when the Romanesque church of

1665: 1373:(which had already occupied Cologne in 1794). Thus this region later became part of 789:

became the name of the city in its own right, which developed into modern German as

13825: 13793: 13329: 13012: 12766: 12553: 12402: 11902: 11877: 11867: 11857: 11812: 11803: 9411: 8321: 8131:

Cologne is considered "the secret golf capital of Germany". The first golf club in

8070: 7972: 7718:

in Europe. Foreigners can have German lessons in the VHS (Adult Education Centre).

7683: 7553: 7533: 7507: 7491: 7464: 7460: 7217: 7186: 7123: 7110: 7063:

Cathedral Treasury "Domschatzkammer" – historic underground vaults of the Cathedral

7007: 6906: 6788: 6359: 6250: 4072:

Cologne residents with a foreign citizenship as of 31 December 2021 is as follows:

1610:. Cologne was home to the 211th Infantry Regiment and the 26th Artillery Regiment. 1286:

Reconstruction of Cologne in the 17th century (German, English subtitles available)

1206: 1089: 1056:

commanded an army for the first time and suffered the only defeat of his life when

1014: 969: 838: 810: 600: 376: 371: 12004: 10279: 7308: 6957: 6847: 6832:. Since 2012, there is also an annual international festival of philosophy called 6825: 6710: 6458: 6195: 6073: 1986:

Buchforst, Buchheim, Dellbrück, Dünnwald, Flittard, Höhenhaus, Holweide, Mülheim,

809:

and as the headquarters of the Roman military in the region until occupied by the

13584: 13574: 13299: 13109: 13053: 11887: 11837: 11514: 10697: 9857: 9823: 9162: 9132: 9119: 9045: 8661: 7679: 7495: 7436: 7399: 7174: 6838: 6783:

was formed there in 1968. There are several centres of nightlife, among them the

5917: 5805: 5745: 4781: 4536: 4456: 4396: 4341: 4297: 4276: 2011: 1912: 1810: 1806: 1693:) and seat of the government of the Federal Republic of Germany (then informally 1631: 1626: 1525: 1498: 1447: 1393: 1303: 1192:

Cologne's location on the river Rhine placed it at the intersection of the major

1186: 1049: 1033: 507: 417: 60: 10574:"Carnival – Cologne's "fifth season" – Cologne Sights & Events – Stadt Köln" 10494:[Club Study 2021: Individual evaluations of the German federal states]. 10462:"Clubstudie 2021: Initiative Musik legt Einzelauswertungen der Bundesländer vor" 8891: 8074: 7662:

in Germany. Ports include Köln-Deutz, Köln-Godorf and Köln-Niehl I and II.

7639:

There are frequent buses covering most of the city and surrounding suburbs, and

7435:

Road building had been a major issue in the 1920s under the leadership of mayor

6554: 6236: 6203:

Several bridges cross the Rhine in Cologne. They are (from south to north): the

1539:

The democratic parties lost the local elections in Cologne in March 1933 to the

13895: 13724: 13519: 13494: 13289: 13149: 13144: 13094: 12958: 12427: 11061:"Soviet immigration, once a bane of Germany's Jews, has become their salvation" 10822: 10171: 8602: 8451: 8407: 8197: 8159: 8078: 7964: 7711: 7585: 7527: 7506:

Compared to other German cities, Cologne has a traffic layout that is not very

7276: 7272: 7094: 7011: 6858: 6808: 6653: 6576: 6417: 6381: 5828: 5772: 4344:, announced that all of Cologne's 35 mosques would be allowed to broadcast the 4312: 4293: 4230: 4137: 4111: 3804: 1919: 1909:

Bickendorf, Bocklemünd/Mengenich, Ehrenfeld, Neuehrenfeld, Ossendorf, Vogelsang

1866: 1419: 1338: 1252: 1202: 1174: 1144: 1140: 1105: 1097: 1053: 841:. It was one of the largest European cities in medieval and renaissance times. 759: 20: 13309: 12447: 8047: 6138: 1781:, Germany's largest private broadcaster, as their new corporate headquarters. 1757:

Soviet letter's envelope in honor of the Internationale Philatelic Exhibition

1147:

of Italy as well, technically from 1238 and permanently from 1263 until 1803.

13814: 13514: 12196: 12191: 11652: 11532: 11306: 10547: 9620:

World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)

9038: 8928: 8616: 8329: 8174: 8059: 7544: 7245: 7229: 7028: 6911: 6736: 6706: 6694: 6662: 6480: 6148: 5897: 5884:

church, started in 1248, and completed in 1880. In 1996, it was designated a

5809: 4250: 3264: 2577: 2007: 1967: 1958: 1463: 1442: 1403: 1205:. By 1300 the city population was 50,000–55,000. Cologne was a member of the 1025: 1007: 987: 332: 319: 13599: 13538: 13479: 13414: 13399: 12850: 12779: 12095: 11642: 11353: 11191: 9727: 9450: 8729:"bomber command – mines laid – flight august – 1946 – 1571 – Flight Archive" 7996: 7979:, which is considered to be the largest comedy festival in mainland Europe. 7611: 7190: 6937: 1826: 1674: 718: 13709: 13704: 13679: 13594: 12735: 12377: 12166: 11496: 9478:"Tensions rise in Germany over handling of mass sexual assaults in Cologne" 8490: 8334: 8090: 8040: 7715: 7280: 7221: 7170: 6886: 6833: 6760: 6560: 6287: 6112: 5695: 5006: 4124: 1957:, Elsdorf, Ensen, Finkenberg, Gremberghoven, Grengel, Langel, Libur, Lind, 1954: 1871: 1694: 1579: 1214: 1182: 1154:

in 1288, Cologne gained its independence from the archbishops and became a

1136: 1057: 976:(Cologne) on the river Rhine and the city became the provincial capital of 845: 822: 818: 726: 12952: 12634: 12407: 12317: 12312: 11187: 10048: 9180: 8077:

is organised in Cologne since 1908. The city also has a long tradition in

7987: 7686:

from 1917 until 1933. The airport is shared with the neighbouring city of

7658:(Ports and Goods traffic Cologne, HGK) is one of the largest operators of 7291:'s official motorsports team, responsible for Toyota rally cars, and then 6889:. Today, original Eau de Cologne is still produced in Cologne by both the 1247: 13764: 13629: 13509: 13469: 13429: 12855: 12292: 10410:"Strategic Management Society – Cologne Conference – Cologne Information" 9330: 8459: 8308: 8282: 8228: 8109: 7714:

in the country. The Cologne University of Music and Dance is the largest

7659: 7374: 7292: 7153: 7044: 6803: 5703: 5155: 4189: 3732: 1974: 1893: 1805:) and its lowest point is 37.5 m (123 ft) above sea level (the 1520:

on the west bank of the Rhine, which reverted to France with the rest of

1486: 1438: 1193: 1101: 1077: 814: 714: 13787: 13714: 12642: 12482: 11037: 9088:"Rote Funken – Kölsche Funke rut-wieß vun 1823 e.V. – Rote Funken Koeln" 8425: 6717:

of religious art is partly housed in St. Cecilia, one of Cologne's

6323: 817:

the city flourished as being located on one of the most important major

13734: 13699: 13694: 13614: 13444: 13439: 13434: 13364: 13334: 13294: 12622: 12452: 12442: 12432: 12372: 12357: 12352: 12337: 12251: 11706: 11686: 11520: 11443: 10666: 9701:. Mitigation of Climate Induced Natural Hazards (MITCH). Archived from 9646:"Wetter und Klima – Deutscher Wetterdienst – CDC (Climate Data Center)" 8438: 8316: 8203: 8101: 8051: 8000: 7603: 7382: 7296: 7194: 7158: 7066: 7053: 6983: 6949: 6780: 6721:. Many art galleries in Cologne enjoy a worldwide reputation like e.g. 6698: 5732: 5680: 5672: 5066: 4226:) is a small set of very closely related dialects, or variants, of the 4053: 4023:

Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.

3369: 3365: 2003: 1973:

Brück, Höhenberg, Humboldt/Gremberg, Kalk, Merheim, Neubrück, Ostheim,

1936: 1572:

During World War II, Cologne was a Military Area Command Headquarters (

1540: 1085: 999: 909: 533: 512: 478: 409: 12947: 12826: 12652: 12387: 12241: 11701: 11696: 9924:"Kölner Statistische Nachrichten 3/2022 – Statistisches Jahrbuch 2021" 9332:

Gesang im feuerofen : Köln; überreste einer alten deutschen stadt

6914:. However, the so-called "Tolle Tage" (crazy days) do not start until 1962: 1583: 1076:. Cologne had been the seat of a bishop since the Roman period; under 13744: 13729: 13424: 13394: 13374: 13354: 13284: 13073: 13036: 12937: 12739: 12686: 12681: 12477: 12437: 12417: 12412: 12342: 12297: 12266: 12261: 12226: 12201: 12151: 12125: 12120: 12105: 11721: 11711: 11612: 11358: 10613: 9024:

Cornelius Agrippa: The Life of Henry Cornelius Agrippa Von Nettesheim

8581: 8464: 8433: 8412: 8290: 8269: 8243: 7640: 7573: 7549: 7264: 7119: 6851: 6776: 6678: 6673: 6344: 6270: 6052: 5992: 5657: 5629: 4201: 4185: 4045: 4030: 1943: 1881: 1877: 1814: 1505: 1455: 1426: 1239: 1093: 1081: 1045: 893: 865: 826: 499: 12862: 12842: 12809: 12668: 12602: 12221: 10958:"Hochschulen – Wissensdurst KĂśln – Das KĂślner Wissenschaftsportal" 10818:"Cologne becomes first big German city to declare climate emergency" 9500: 7991:

RheinEnergieStadion is the stadium of 2. Bundesliga club 1. FC Köln.

7467:

at the interchange Cologne East. Nevertheless, it is referred to as

6865:; lit: "Water of Cologne"), a perfume created by Italian expatriate 1599: 1369:

on the left bank of the Rhine were officially incorporated into the

1128: 957:

The first urban settlement on the grounds of modern-day Cologne was

180: 166: 13639: 13619: 13604: 13454: 13404: 13314: 13274: 13175:

were both chief city of the Westphalian Quarter at different times.

13172: 12932: 12921: 12676: 12660: 12462: 12302: 12236: 12176: 12171: 12146: 12085: 11716: 11637: 11632: 8477: 8360: 8347: 7644: 7304: 7135: 7098: 6999: 6771:) and again from the 1990s onward. The public radio and TV station 6590: 6433: 6282: 4284: 4150: 3678: 3516: 1673:

Despite Cologne's status as the largest city in the region, nearby

1607: 1591: 1061: 991: 109: 13609: 13078: 12886: 12307: 10788: 10412:. Cologne.strategicmanagement.net. 14 October 2008. Archived from 9510:[1,075 assaults by Cologne New Year's Eve – 73 suspects]. 8857:"Lufthansa regains place as Europe's biggest airline from Ryanair" 8386: 6982:

The Museum Ludwig houses one of the most important collections of

4246: 4036:

Cologne is the fourth-largest city by population in Germany after

1603: 1479: 234: 13759: 13689: 13674: 13654: 13624: 13589: 13504: 13349: 13339: 13179: 13139: 13124: 13099: 13025: 13000: 12964: 12870: 12647: 12628: 12422: 12367: 12287: 12256: 12216: 12115: 12110: 12090: 12059: 11681: 11627: 11430: 10194:"Germany's largest mosque to broadcast call to prayer on Fridays" 9892:"International trade and institutional change: A death in Venice" 9622:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from 9616:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020" 8556: 8537: 8511: 8498: 8420: 8381: 8277: 8256: 8028: 7225: 7070: 7049: 6961: 6725:, one of the leading galleries for postwar and contemporary art. 6702: 6658: 6329: 3768: 3750: 3660: 3588: 3444: 1928: 884:

and is a major research hub for the aerospace industry, with the

849: 352: 9386:"Cologne Cathedral is perhaps the single most famous tank duel?" 8923:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). New York: Century Co. p. 96. 6693:

features art and architecture from the city's distant past; the

6545: 6449: 2006:

area, Cologne is one of the warmest cities in Germany. It has a

1897: 1712:

The destruction of 95% of the city centre, including the famous

1493:

until 1926, under the terms of the Armistice and the subsequent

1321:

The Free Imperial City of Cologne must not be confused with the

13754: 13644: 13634: 13474: 13384: 13344: 13183: 13114: 13041: 13018: 13005: 12991: 12969: 12772: 12761: 12755: 12749: 12696: 12617: 12612: 12457: 12206: 12181: 12156: 12141: 12080: 12064: 12049: 11617: 11607: 11400: 11378: 10759: 9889: 8576: 8561: 8485: 8472: 8446: 8394: 8355: 8342: 8138:

The city has hosted several athletic events which includes the

8097: 8035:(fourth division) respectively. Cologne's oldest football club 7759:"Technology, Arts, Sciences TH KöLN" Technische Hochschule Köln 7706:(founded in 1388) is the largest university in Germany, as the 7615: 7581: 7569: 7522: 7424: 7288: 7241: 7090: 6365: 4331: 4258: 4181: 4041: 4037: 3714: 3696: 3606: 3570: 3534: 3462: 3408: 1822: 1595: 1521: 1475: 1389: 1177:

to Cologne's cathedral in 1164 (after they had been taken from

9328: 7381:

is the second largest freight terminal in Germany. Today, the

6747:), both based at the Cologne Philharmonic Orchestra Building ( 13719: 13659: 13649: 13569: 13269: 13119: 12834: 12691: 12467: 12392: 12382: 12332: 12322: 12231: 12100: 11657: 11647: 11348: 11296: 10384:"Offizielle Webseite des Kölner Doms | Bedeutende Werke" 9087: 8542: 8529: 8524: 8516: 8399: 8373: 8368: 8251: 8238: 7193:, the economy of Cologne is primarily based on insurance and 6286:

Europe's tallest office building), the Kranhaus buildings at

5893: 5812:

house and other modern buildings has remained controversial.

5636:, the composition and representation of each was as follows: 5476:, the composition and representation of each was as follows: 4345: 4238: 3786: 3624: 3498: 3426: 1564: 1543:

and other extreme-right parties. The Nazis then arrested the

1220: 1178: 1069: 710: 585: 121: 7019:(Roman-Germanic Museum) – ancient Roman and Germanic culture 876:, Germany's largest university of applied sciences; and the 13739: 13664: 13187: 13154: 12878: 12362: 12211: 12161: 11622: 11526: 11425: 10905: 9508:"1075 Anzeigen nach Kölner Silvesternacht – 73 Verdächtige" 7687: 7607: 7440: 7213: 7074: 7025:– European painting from the 13th to the early 20th century 5472:, Cologne is divided among seven constituencies. After the 4242: 3552: 3480: 1948: 1818: 1686: 1587: 1330: 1163: 962: 766: 722: 615: 606: 563: 9027:. New York Public Library. Chapman and Hall. pp. 4–6. 8990:"German Jewish culture through the ages – DW – 02/19/2021" 8017:

International Association of Sports and Leisure Facilities

6731:

Several orchestras are active in the city, among them the

1865:

Altstadt-Nord, Altstadt-Süd, Neustadt-Nord, Neustadt-Süd,

1809:). The city of Cologne lies within the larger area of the 1344: 1181:). Besides the three magi Cologne preserves the relics of 12472: 9728:"Stadtentwässerungsbetriebe Köln : Flood Management" 7249: 7141:

In addition, Cologne enjoys a thriving Christmas Market (

6160: 4307:

According to the 2011 census, 2.1% of the population was

1544: 1385: 900:

is a regional hub, the main airport for the region being

7486:

In 2005, the first stretch of an eight-lane motorway in

4387:

Results of the second round of the 2020 mayoral election

4369: 1636:

Singing in the furnace. Cologne – Remains of an old city

7275:, which has its European headquarters and a factory in 7204:

Among the largest media companies based in Cologne are

6619: 5800:, with a few interspersed pre-war buildings which were 5632:, Cologne is divided among four constituencies. In the 4033:

metropolis still had 50,000 residents in 1300 AD.

872:, one of Europe's oldest and largest universities; the 748:

third-tallest church and tallest cathedral in the world

10492:"Clubstudie 2021: Einzelauswertungen der Bundesländer" 12556:

by quarter, and trading posts of the Hanseatic League

9693: 9031: 6265:), a cableway that runs across the river between the 4067: 636: 618: 603: 11090: 11088: 9890:

Diego Puga & Daniel Trefler (30 November 2009).

9063:

Family, Commerce, and Religion in London and Cologne

8886: 8884: 8882: 8592: 6775:

was involved in promoting musical movements such as

4275:

As of 2015, 35.5% of the population belonged to the

1064:, invaded Austrasia and the city fell to him in the 612: 12034: 11248:"Dnipro and German city sign cooperation agreement" 10850:"ADFC | Wie fahrradfreundlich ist Ihre Stadt?" 10076: 10074: 10015: 8947:, The Megalithic Portal, editor Andy Burnham, 2007" 8003:(second division). They play their home matches in 7185:metropolitan region, Cologne benefits from a large 609: 13886:Populated places established in the 1st century BC 13560:or no longer part of the Holy Roman Empire by 1792 12909: 11124:. Koeln-comedy.de. 21 October 2007. Archived from 11034:"Cologne Adult Education Centre – City of Cologne" 10332:"In NRW behaupten sich immer mehr exotische Vögel" 8664:, Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 19 June 2021. 7498:between the interchanges Cologne East and Heumar. 1896:, Klettenberg, Lindenthal, Lövenich, Müngersdorf, 769:territory in the 1st century CE as the Roman 12732: 11085: 10454: 9959: 9957: 9955: 9953: 9951: 8879: 8705: 8703: 8701: 8699: 8697: 8695: 8073:was started in 1997 and the classic cycling race 5771:Panoramic view of the city at night as seen from 5685:Rodenkirchen, Lindenthal, and part of Innenstadt 1786:2015-16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany 1689:being chosen as the provisional federal capital ( 13812: 11153: 11151: 11149: 11147: 11145: 11143: 10071: 9812: › ...PDF Statitstisches Jahrbuch Köln 2020 9806:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 9696:"Flood Forecasting and Flood Defence in Cologne" 9689: 9687: 9685: 9554: 9552: 9253: 9235:. NS-Documentation Center of the City of Cologne 9229:"NS-Dokumentationszentrum Köln - During the war" 8794: 8792: 8790: 8788: 8786: 8784: 8188:, the world's oldest active weightlifting club. 7905:Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research 7897:Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research ( 7882:Max-Planck-Institut für die Biologie des Alterns 7402:, especially when considering digital business. 7134:The city was home to the internationally famous 7002:Mosaic on display at Römisch-Germanisches Museum 6697:houses one of the most important collections of 6420:, since 2007 under renovation with the new name 6178:is a little more on the quirky and stylish side. 2864:Climate data for Cologne/Bonn Airport 1981-2010 837:and one of the major members of the trade union 765:Cologne was founded and established in Germanic 10876:"High-speed trains to link England and Germany" 9849: 9821: 9788:. Archived from the original on 3 November 2020 8746: 8744: 8742: 8223:List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany 7899:Max-Planck-Institut für neurologische Forschung 7888:Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies 7145:) presence with several locations in the city. 4279:, the largest religious body, and 15.5% to the 1617:, Cologne endured 262 air raids by the Western 852:beginning in 1815. Cologne was one of the most 821:between east and western Europe (including the 16:Largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany 13186:became inaccessible due to the silting of the 11336: 11182: 11180: 10484: 10164: 9948: 9016: 9014: 9012: 9010: 8917:Smith, Benjamin E. (1895). "Augusta Ubiorum". 8692: 7892:Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung 7878:Max Planck Institute for the Biology of Ageing 7224:and publishing houses like J. P. Bachem, 5991:), founded in the 12th century, is the oldest 13216: 12807: 12537: 12020: 11574: 11459: 11322: 11140: 10134:"Muslime in den Großstädten beim Zensus 2011" 9682: 9549: 9516:(in German). 15 February 2016. Archived from 8781: 8216: 7377:in Germany and one of the largest in Europe. 5182: 4330:. In 2011, about 11.2% of the population was 4056:with a population of over 11,000,000 people. 1660: 1298:, Cologne was a self-ruling state within the 10167:"Cologne: Germany's Oldest Jewish Community" 8739: 8173:tournaments held annually in July/August at 8046:Cologne also is home of the ice hockey team 7774: 7619: 7542: 7129: 1961:, Porz, Urbach, Wahn, Wahnheide, Westhoven, 1573: 1425:The permanent tensions between the Catholic 796: 790: 737: 68: 52: 11177: 9855: 9377: 9282:Life's Picture History of World War II 9007: 7248:, HDI Gerling and national headquarters of 4362:The city's administration is headed by the 4328:Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs 1677:was chosen as the political capital of the 1450:, became the first West German chancellor. 1361:during the French period. According to the 981: 864:Cologne is a major cultural center for the 802: 784: 778: 770: 30:"Köln" redirects here. For other uses, see 13223: 13209: 12544: 12530: 12027: 12013: 11589:Urban and rural districts in the state of 11581: 11567: 11466: 11452: 11329: 11315: 11270:"Köln legt Beziehung zu Wolgograd auf Eis" 10815: 10791:"Kölner Digitalwirtschaft gut aufgestellt" 10641:"A Quick Visit to Cologne: Kolsch Anyone?" 10603: 10601: 10599: 10597: 10595: 10272: 10165:Serup-Bilfeldt, Kirsten (19 August 2005). 9825:Traffic and Congestion in the Roman Empire 7909:Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung 7827:University of Applied Sciences Fresenius ( 7799:Katholische Hochschule Nordrhein-Westfalen 7678:after Germany's first post-war Chancellor 6925: 6705:collection matched only by the museums in 6127:) with their medieval city gates (such as 5831:exotics, most visibly parrots such as the 5474:2022 North Rhine-Westphalia state election 4351: 4340:On 11 October 2021, the Mayor of Cologne, 13831:Urban districts of North Rhine-Westphalia 12511:Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants 10540: 9329:Claasen, Hermann; Hoyer, Franz A (1949), 9203:"Voting results 1919–1933 Cologne-Aachen" 9021:Morley, Henry (1856). "Born in Cologne". 8679:Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW 8655:Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020 8631:New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany 8065:Several horse races per year are held at 7935:The Cologne Institute for Religious Art ( 7848:Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt 7797:Catholic University of Applied Sciences ( 7471:by most locals. In contrast to this, the 4803:Results of the 2020 city council election 4322:There are several mosques, including the 783:was later dropped (except in Latin), and 721:and 25 km (16 mi) northwest of 703:second biggest metropolitan region by GDP 11473: 10789:Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Kölm. 9475: 8206:, Grammy award-winning singer-songwriter 8184:, Germany's oldest boxing club, and the 8039:is playing with its amateur team in the 7986: 7820:Rhenish University of Applied Sciences ( 7532: 7521: 7479:in the 1920s. The last section south of 7423: 7398:Cologne shows a significant increase in 7164: 7152: 6989: 6977: 6793: 6667: 6652: 6194: 6186: 6042: 5853: 5589:Most of Innenstadt and the west of Kalk 5455: 4798: 4382: 3351: 1752: 1739: 1664: 1563: 1348: 1266: 1246: 1238: 1219: 941: 11058: 10655: 10592: 9883: 9356: 8824: 7050:Kolumba Kunstmuseum des Erzbistums Köln 6276: 6166:Ehrenstraße – the shopping area around 1918:Bilderstöckchen, Longerich, Mauenheim, 1504:As part of the demilitarisation of the 1377:Empire. Cologne was part of the French 1345:From the 19th century until World War I 1234: 1135:on the other side of the Rhine, beyond 926:Colonial history of the city of Cologne 705:in the European Union. Centered on the 440:405.15 km (156.43 sq mi) 39:City in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany 13813: 10554:from the original on 13 September 2017 10364:from the original on 13 September 2017 9815: 9754:"Flood Defence Scheme City of Cologne" 9383: 9020: 8953:from the original on 21 September 2011 8144:2007 World Men's Handball Championship 8007:which also hosted five matches of the 7755:Cologne University of Applied Sciences 7708:Cologne University of Applied Sciences 6932:Rivalry between Cologne and Düsseldorf 6191:Bridge in Cologne over the Rhine River 6135:) are also known for their night life. 6038: 4217: 3829: 1625:", the first 1,000 bomber raid by the 1472:Fortresses of the German Confederation 668: 13554: 13253: 13204: 12599: 12525: 12008: 11562: 11447: 11310: 11258:from the original on 29 October 2022. 11073:from the original on 10 December 2018 10651:from the original on 4 November 2011. 10609:"Giving Beer A Home in the Rhineland" 10260:from the original on 25 November 2020 9977:from the original on 13 December 2022 9936:from the original on 13 December 2022 9734:from the original on 17 February 2013 9676:"Ausgabe der Klimadaten: Monatswerte" 8916: 7771:Cologne University of Music and Dance 7494:, part of the eastern section of the 6956:, and beer. People in Cologne prefer 6798:Water feature in Cologne, summer 2017 6735:, which is also the orchestra of the 6681:sculpture by Nikolaus Friedrich, 1911 5835:. The sheltered climate in southeast 5623: 4425: 4370:Political traditions and developments 1748: 1470:Cologne was designated as one of the 1384:(named after the river Roer, German: 1115:was appointed as duke by his brother 756:Twelve Romanesque churches of Cologne 647: 230:Cologne within North Rhine-Westphalia 11344: 10723:from the original on 2 February 2012 10621:from the original on 28 October 2011 10204:from the original on 11 October 2021 9828:. Taylor & Francis. p. 42. 9488:from the original on 12 January 2016 9392:from the original on 15 October 2019 9357:Zabecki, David T. (1 January 1999). 9310:from the original on 7 February 2021 9297: 9262:from the original on 1 February 2022 8867:from the original on 5 December 2020 8568: 8180:Furthermore, Cologne is home of the 8120:. They are working on Toyota's team 7572:high-speed trains link Cologne with 6763:, and several choirs, including the 5858:Köln Cathedral on the banks of Rhine 5499:Rodenkirchen and part of Innenstadt 5214:We Are Cologne 2020 (Wir Sind Köln) 4175: 3387:Largest groups of foreign residents 2037:, 1991–2020, extremes 1957–present) 1843:Cologne is divided into 9 boroughs ( 1813:, a cone-shaped area of the central 1700:In 1945 architect and urban planner 1575:Militärbereichshauptkommandoquartier 1431:Clemens August von Droste-Vischering 980:in 85 CE. It was also known as 972:. In 50 CE, the Romans founded 681:) is the largest city of the German 11059:Lipshiz, Cnaan (10 December 2018). 10502:from the original on 3 January 2022 10472:from the original on 3 January 2022 10438:. Unicenterkoeln.de. Archived from 10360:. KölnTourismus. 21 February 2017. 10114:from the original on 22 August 2019 10029:from the original on 7 October 2017 10025:. stadt-koeln.de. 1 February 2016. 10003:from the original on 1 October 2017 9608: 9139:from the original on 11 August 2011 9106: 8584:, Russia (1988) - suspended in 2022 8152:2017 Ice Hockey World Championships 7937:Kölner Institut für religiöse Kunst 7765:Köln International School of Design 7682:, who was born in the city and was 7670:Cologne's international airport is 7541:Cologne has a railway service with 7453:Bundesstraße ("Federal Road") B 55a 7138:, and now to the C/o pop festival. 7069:– former local headquarters of the 6918:(Women's Carnival) or, in dialect, 6897:who bought the 4711 brand in 2006. 6893:, in the eighth generation, and by 6802:The large annual literary festival 6281:Cologne's tallest structure is the 5662:Porz, Kalk, and part of Innenstadt 3347: 1773:Due to the economic success of the 1044:Early medieval Cologne was part of 13: 11302:(in German, English, and multiple) 11228:from the original on 18 April 2021 11198:from the original on 17 March 2011 10996:from the original on 19 July 2011. 10912:from the original on 21 April 2008 10735: 10524:. 11 December 2007. Archived from 10059:from the original on 20 April 2019 9256:"on the reconstruction of Cologne" 9179:. 11 February 2008. Archived from 9094:from the original on 12 April 2009 8837:from the original on 15 April 2021 8110:FIA Formula One World Championship 8050:, which is playing in the highest 7975:. Furthermore, the city hosts the 7776:Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln 7512:Allgemeiner Deutscher Fahrrad-Club 7109:– the city's formal park and main 6960:while people in Düsseldorf prefer 5982: 5708:Ehrenfeld, Nippes, and Chorweiler 4068:Residents with foreign citizenship 3824: 1641:Cologne was taken by the American 1615:Bombing of Cologne in World War II 1365:(1801) all the territories of the 1092:Cologne fell into the dominion of 974:Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium 750:. It was constructed to house the 744:world's tallest building 1880–1890 709:, Cologne is located on the River 304:Show map of North Rhine-Westphalia 14: 13917: 13871:Roman towns and cities in Germany 11288: 11165:from the original on 4 April 2013 11122:"Cologne Comedy Festival website" 11098:. Cologne Tourism. Archived from 11014:from the original on 26 July 2011 10964:from the original on 19 July 2010 10938:from the original on 19 July 2011 10886:from the original on 21 June 2012 10830:from the original on 11 July 2019 10770:from the original on 29 June 2009 10576:. 26 January 2008. Archived from 10286:from the original on 15 June 2011 9656:from the original on 19 June 2022 9562:. City of Cologne. Archived from 9476:Connolly, Kate (7 January 2016). 9457:from the original on 29 June 2016 9422:from the original on 24 June 2020 9339:from the original on 28 July 2020 9254:koelnarchitektur (15 July 2003). 9209:from the original on 19 July 2011 9075:The Population of European Cities 8713:. City of Cologne. Archived from 8711:"From Ubii village to metropolis" 8191: 8096:Japanese automotive manufacturer 7868:European College of Sport Science 7690:. Cologne is headquarters to the 7107:Flora und Botanischer Garten Köln 6155:square at its western end to the 5470:Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia 4296:studied in Cologne in 1244 under 2841:World Meteorological Organization 1669:Cologne, seen from ESA Sentinel-2 1034:dispersion (diaspora) of the Jews 13821:Cities in North Rhine-Westphalia 13537: 13236: 12716: 12709: 11730: 11547: 11409: 11392: 11384: 11367: 11036:. Stadt-koeln.de. Archived from 10932:"Häfen und Güterverkehr Köln AG" 10498:(in German). 20 September 2021. 10468:(in German). 20 September 2021. 10386:. Koelner-dom.de. Archived from 10338:from the original on 17 May 2013 10049:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Cologne" 9596:from the original on 4 June 2021 9065:(1998) covers from 1000 to 1300. 8827:"The Largest Airlines in Europe" 8825:Pariona, Amber (25 April 2017). 8609: 8595: 8575: 8555: 8536: 8523: 8510: 8497: 8484: 8471: 8458: 8445: 8432: 8419: 8415:, England, United Kingdom (1952) 8406: 8393: 8380: 8367: 8354: 8341: 8328: 8315: 8302: 8289: 8276: 8263: 8250: 8237: 8212:, visual artist and photographer 8165:Since 2014, the city has hosted 8126:FIA World Endurance Championship 7995:Cologne hosts the football club 7811:international filmschool cologne 7430:roads through and around Cologne 6791:, Friesenplatz and Rudolfplatz. 6618: 6589: 6559: 6528: 6494: 6463: 6432: 6397: 6364: 6328: 6084: 6072: 6060: 6026: 6014: 6000: 5970: 5958: 5944: 5930: 5916: 5892:, which supposedly contains the 5760: 5451: 5429: 5428: 5168: 5167: 5138: 5137: 5110: 5101:Climate Friends (Klima Freunde) 5090: 5089: 5079: 5078: 5055: 5054: 5044: 5043: 4989: 4988: 4959: 4958: 4935: 4934: 4924: 4923: 4900: 4899: 4889: 4888: 4865: 4864: 4854: 4853: 3797: 3779: 3761: 3743: 3725: 3707: 3689: 3671: 3653: 3635: 3617: 3599: 3581: 3563: 3545: 3527: 3509: 3491: 3473: 3455: 3437: 3419: 3401: 1927: 1568:The devastation of Cologne, 1945 961:, founded in 38 BCE by the 937: 599: 288: 281: 256: 249: 233: 211: 201: 179: 165: 148: 130: 101: 13861:Members of the Hanseatic League 12036:Cities in Germany by population 11262: 11240: 11210: 11161:. Cologne Tourist Information. 11114: 11096:"Productions 'made in Cologne'" 11052: 11026: 11000: 10976: 10950: 10924: 10906:"Kölner Verkehrsbetriebe (KVB)" 10898: 10868: 10842: 10809: 10782: 10752: 10705: 10681: 10633: 10566: 10514: 10428: 10402: 10376: 10350: 10324: 10308:. KölnTourismus. Archived from 10298: 10246: 10216: 10186: 10158: 10126: 10100: 10041: 9989: 9916: 9778: 9746: 9720: 9668: 9638: 9578: 9532: 9513:Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung 9469: 9443: 9434: 9404: 9384:Knight, Jack (21 August 2015). 9350: 9322: 9291: 9274: 9247: 9221: 9195: 9169: 9151: 9125: 9080: 9068: 9055: 8982: 8965: 8935: 8920:The Century Cyclopedia of Names 8910: 8898:from the original on 3 May 2019 8802:. KölnTourismus. Archived from 8156:2024 FIFA European Championship 8013:International Olympic Committee 7947:Lauder Morijah School (German: 7787:Kunsthochschule für Medien Köln 7740:German Sport University Cologne 7726:Public and state universities: 7692:European Aviation Safety Agency 7254:Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Group 6881:was forced to abandon the name 5737: 5710: 5687: 5664: 5609: 5591: 5573: 5555: 5537: 5519: 5501: 5186: 5152: 5063: 5028: 5003: 4973: 4943: 4908: 4873: 4838: 4794: 4686: 4668: 4650: 4632: 4582: 4548: 4530: 4512: 4488: 4453: 3375: 3362:Stadtentwässerungsbetriebe Köln 1645:in early March 1945 during the 1559: 1524:. Cologne prospered during the 1410:, Cologne was made part of the 1217:) were used throughout Europe. 930:For a chronological guide, see 878:German Sport University Cologne 874:Technical University of Cologne 289: 257: 13906:Holocaust locations in Germany 10282:(in German). City of Cologne. 9999:. region-koeln-bonn.de. 2013. 8849: 8818: 8755: 8721: 8667: 8648: 8550:Cologne also cooperates with: 8067:Cologne-Weidenpesch Racecourse 7926:Cologne Art and Crafts Schools 7822:Rheinische Fachhochschule Köln 7815:internationale filmschule köln 7712:university of Applied Sciences 7618:trains, which are operated by 7459:("Zoo Bridge") and meets with 6779:in the 1970s; the influential 6741:WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne 5553:Chorweiler and most of Nippes 5111: 4271:History of the Jews in Cologne 4241:in the north to just south of 1691:provisorische Bundeshauptstadt 1416:Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg 1201:enclosed the entire city with 1039: 699:Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region 697:. Cologne is also part of the 1: 13901:Burial sites of the Pippinids 13841:Populated places on the Rhine 11410: 11368: 10742:"Directory: World Airlines". 10023:"Statistisches Jahrbuch 2016" 9965:"Statistisches Jahrbuch 2022" 9694:Martin Gocht; Reinhard Vogt. 9280:Tourtellot, Arthur B. et al. 8765:[List of monuments]. 8641: 8083:Kölner Rudergesellschaft 1891 7783:Academy of Media Arts Cologne 7744:Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln 7322: 7319: 6649:History of theatre in Cologne 5535:Ehrenfeld and part of Nippes 4366:and the three deputy mayors. 4300:. Cologne is the seat of the 1784:Cologne was the focus of the 1530:Cologne Butzweilerhof Airport 1357:Cologne lost its status as a 1225: 1024:After the destruction of the 882:Max Planck science institutes 707:left (west) bank of the Rhine 13544:Free Imperial Cities by 1792 11393: 11385: 10748:. 3 April 2007. p. 107. 10436:"Homepage of the Uni-Center" 9205:. Wahlen-in-deutschland.de. 8140:2005 FIFA Confederations Cup 8114:FIA World Rally Championship 7999:, who play currently in the 7697: 7408: 7116:Forstbotanischer Garten Köln 7073:houses a museum documenting 6873:became a household name for 6751:). Other orchestras are the 6745:German State Radio Orchestra 6661:museum in 2007, designed by 6634:Raderberggürtel, Marienburg 6413:Raderberggürtel, Marienburg 5862: 5781:Great St. Martin Church 5753: 2847:Source 2: Data derived from 2023:July 2019 European heat wave 1922:, Nippes, Riehl, Weidenpesch 1832: 1791: 1630:devastation was recorded by 829:and Publica). Cologne was a 7: 13798:Member or associate of the 13254: 10334:. RP Online. 4 March 2007. 10230:(in German). Archived from 9304:www.nationalarchives.gov.uk 8588: 8104:facility known by the name 8087:Kölner Ruderverein von 1877 7751:Public and state colleges: 7656:Häfen und Güterverkehr Köln 7181:As the largest city in the 7041:Museum für Angewandte Kunst 7017:Römisch-Germanisches Museum 6900: 6857:Cologne is also famous for 6387:tallest building in Germany 5867: 5821: 5190:Ecological Democratic Party 4675:Ecological Democratic Party 4264: 4195: 3123:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2983:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2650:Average precipitation days 2366:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2226:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1243:Panorama of Cologne in 1530 472:2,700/km (7,000/sq mi) 10: 13922: 11853:Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis 11337:Places adjacent to Cologne 11188:"The RheinEnergie Stadium" 10663:"C/o Pop Official Website" 8220: 8217:Twin towns – sister cities 7837: 7723: 7580:and Berlin. ICE trains to 7537:Train at Köln Hauptbahnhof 7517: 7501: 7412: 7169:Modern office building at 7148: 6974:List of museums in Cologne 6971: 6967: 6929: 6830:Nobel Prize for Literature 6757:WDR Rundfunkorchester Köln 6719:Twelve Romanesque churches 6646: 6642: 6636: 6633: 6614: 6610: 6604: 6585: 6580: 6574: 6553: 6549: 6543: 6522: 6518: 6509: 6488: 6484: 6478: 6457: 6453: 6447: 6428: 6422:Rheintower Köln-Marienburg 6415: 6412: 6393: 6385: 6379: 6358: 6349: 6343: 6322: 6182: 6103: 6099: 5908:Twelve Romanesque churches 5846: 5571:Porz and the east of Kalk 5345: 5323: 5301: 5279: 5257: 5235: 5213: 5188: 5154: 5127: 5100: 5065: 5030: 5005: 4975: 4945: 4912:Christian Democratic Union 4910: 4875: 4840: 4807:The Cologne city council ( 4691: 4688: 4673: 4670: 4655: 4652: 4637: 4634: 4621: 4618: 4605: 4602: 4587: 4584: 4571: 4568: 4553: 4550: 4535: 4532: 4517: 4514: 4493: 4490: 4460: 4455: 4355: 4268: 4199: 3379: 3337:Source: Data derived from 3336: 2863: 2846: 2838: 2033:Climate data for Cologne ( 2032: 1997: 1836: 1714:Twelve Romanesque churches 1661:Post-war and Cold War eras 1306:with seat and vote at the 1160:Sigfried II von Westerburg 929: 919: 915: 29: 18: 13851:Catholic pilgrimage sites 13782: 13565: 13550: 13535: 13260: 13249: 13163: 13087: 13064: 12989: 12982: 12902: 12800: 12725: 12707: 12592: 12561: 12491: 12275: 12134: 12073: 12042: 11911: 11739: 11728: 11598: 11545: 11485: 11342: 11066:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 10989:. Wissensdurst-koeln.de. 10960:. Wissensdurst-koeln.de. 9451:"Synagogen-Gemeinde Köln" 9335:( ed.), L. Schwann, 9050:The Catholic Encyclopedia 8504:Treptow-Köpenick (Berlin) 8186:Kölner Athleten-Club 1882 8031:(third division) and the 7982: 7920:Former colleges include: 7854:European Astronaut Centre 7674:(CGN). It is also called 7620: 7543: 7490:was opened to traffic on 7258:Zurich Financial Services 7130:Music fairs and festivals 6267:Cologne Zoological Garden 6249:. In particular the iron 5890:Shrine of the Three Kings 5731:Mülheim (and the city of 5647: 5487: 5441: 5419:Electorate/voter turnout 5418: 5399: 5382: 5365: 4818: 4773:Source: City of Cologne ( 4772: 4756:Electorate/voter turnout 4755: 4738: 4721: 4704: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4022: 3842:— 3356:The 1930 flood in Cologne 3262: 3192: 3122: 3052: 2982: 2912: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2791: 2743: 2696: 2649: 2575: 2505: 2435: 2365: 2295: 2225: 2155: 2085: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 1726:St. Maria im Kapitol 1491:British Army of the Rhine 1173:, gave the relics of the 890:European Astronaut Centre 752:Shrine of the Three Kings 695:Cologne Bonn urban region 691:fourth-most populous city 580: 570: 556: 544: 523: 506: 491: 476: 468: 457: 452: 444: 433: 428: 407: 402: 394: 382: 370: 358: 348: 313: 243: 227: 197: 108:View of Cologne with the 95: 86: 44: 13178:The kontor was moved to 10984:"Forschungsschwerpunkte" 10696:15 December 2010 at the 9822:van Tilburg, C. (2007). 9453:. Sgk.de. 26 June 1931. 9363:. Taylor & Francis. 9298:Archives, The National. 9113:United Services Magazine 7954: 7650: 7634: 7560:(Cologne Main Station), 7419: 7263:The German flag carrier 7234:M. DuMont Schauberg 7084:Imhoff-Schokoladenmuseum 5965:Church of the Assumption 5346:Party of Progress (PdF) 5324:Independent Schidlowsky 4403:with the support of the 4378: 4215:Colognian pronunciation: 1766:centre and includes the 1534:Berlin Tempelhof Airport 1518:University of Strasbourg 1402:) was introduced in the 1162:was forced to reside in 1002:. In 310, under emperor 758:. Cologne is famous for 725:, the former capital of 187:Basilica of St. Cunibert 25:Cologne (disambiguation) 10760:"Über Ford – Standorte" 10717:Encyclopædia Britannica 10701:(in German and English) 9416:Encyclopedia Britannica 9360:World War Two in Europe 9288:, Inc., New York, 1950. 9258:. Koelnarchitektur.de. 9037:Harry de Quetteville. " 8182:Sport-Club Colonia 1906 8142:, 2006 FIFA World Cup, 8069:since 1897, the annual 8056:Deutsche Eishockey Liga 8054:league in Germany, the 7977:Cologne Comedy Festival 7844:German Aerospace Centre 7805:Cologne Business School 7676:Konrad Adenauer Airport 7597:Kölner Verkehrsbetriebe 7588:were planned for 2013. 7483:was completed in 1972. 7023:Wallraf-Richartz Museum 7008:Farina Fragrance Museum 6942:fierce regional rivalry 6926:Rivalry with Düsseldorf 6701:in Europe, including a 6416:former headquarters of 6051:Of the twelve medieval 5987:The Cologne City Hall ( 5952:Basilica of St. Severin 5938:Great St. Martin Church 5727:Leverkusen – Cologne IV 5032:Alternative for Germany 4877:Social Democratic Party 4555:Alternative for Germany 4495:Social Democratic Party 4352:Government and politics 4313:Evangelical Free Church 4163:Australian and Oceanian 3382:Demographics of Cologne 1655:synagogue on Roonstraße 1495:Versailles Peace Treaty 1454:ubiquitous than in the 1437:). In 1874, during the 1399:Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch 1021:having opened in 1890. 886:German Aerospace Center 665: 448:37 m (121 ft) 118:Great St. Martin Church 69: 12566:Chief cities shown in 11963:North Rhine-Westphalia 11958:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 11591:North Rhine-Westphalia 11224:(in German). Cologne. 11218:"Kölner Partnerstädte" 11159:"Sport and relaxation" 10690:Cologne Business Guide 9388:. War History Online. 8337:, United States (1988) 8133:North Rhine-Westphalia 8124:which competes in the 8106:Toyota Motorsport GmbH 7992: 7961:Westdeutscher Rundfunk 7948: 7775: 7665: 7643:coaches to London via 7538: 7530: 7488:North Rhine-Westphalia 7455:, which begins at the 7432: 7347:Gaffel Becker & Co 7285:Toyota Motorsport GmbH 7206:Westdeutscher Rundfunk 7199:corporate headquarters 7189:. In competition with 7178: 7162: 7003: 6987: 6799: 6682: 6665: 6294:("trade fair tower"). 6200: 6199:Rhine River at Cologne 6192: 6048: 5859: 5465: 5302:Independent R. Krause 5236:Independent A. Krause 4842:Alliance 90/The Greens 4804: 4388: 4324:Cologne Central Mosque 4311:, 0.5% belonged of an 4302:Archdiocese of Cologne 4192:were born in Cologne. 3643:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3357: 3339:Deutscher Wetterdienst 2849:Deutscher Wetterdienst 1762: 1745: 1683:North Rhine-Westphalia 1670: 1574: 1569: 1354: 1287: 1264: 1244: 1231: 1068:. Charles fled to the 982: 954: 952:Romano-Germanic Museum 803: 797: 791: 785: 779: 771: 738: 687:North Rhine-Westphalia 644: 365:North Rhine-Westphalia 173:Flora Botanical Garden 53: 23:. For other uses, see 13891:30s BC establishments 12767:Frankfurt an der Oder 10522:"Kölner Philharmonie" 9862:. Brill. p. 48. 9560:"Cologne at a glance" 9044:5 August 2011 at the 8169:, one of the biggest 7990: 7949:Lauder-Morijah-Schule 7862:European Space Agency 7840:Research institutes: 7730:University of Cologne 7704:University of Cologne 7536: 7526:Cologne Stadtbahn at 7525: 7492:Bundesautobahn 3 7443:. Today, this is the 7427: 7392:Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger 7212:(with subsidiaries), 7168: 7156: 6993: 6981: 6797: 6769:Karlheinz Stockhausen 6765:WDR Rundfunkchor Köln 6723:Galerie Karsten Greve 6691:Roman-Germanic Museum 6671: 6656: 6615:Deutschlandfunk-Turm 6253:Hohenzollern Bridge ( 6198: 6190: 6046: 5857: 5837:Northrhine-Westphalia 5459: 5258:Independent Neumeyer 4977:Free Democratic Party 4802: 4780:19 April 2021 at the 4393:Lord Mayor of Cologne 4386: 4235:Electorate of Cologne 4060:over the age of 100. 3816:Historical population 3355: 3193:Mean minimum °C (°F) 2913:Mean maximum °C (°F) 2436:Mean minimum °C (°F) 2156:Mean maximum °C (°F) 1900:, Weiden, Widdersdorf 1756: 1743: 1722:Great St. Martin 1668: 1657:was rebuilt in 1959. 1567: 1514:University of Cologne 1352: 1323:Electorate of Cologne 1285: 1250: 1242: 1223: 1199:Phillip von Heinsberg 1125:Electorate of Cologne 945: 870:University of Cologne 525: • Summer ( 32:Köln (disambiguation) 19:For the perfume, see 13881:Free imperial cities 13500:Weißenburg in Bayern 13232:Free imperial cities 12574:Free Imperial Cities 12506:Metropolitan regions 12187:Freiburg im Breisgau 11968:Rhineland-Palatinate 11833:Oberbergischer Kreis 10745:Flight International 9856:Bruce, S.G. (2010). 8949:. Megalithic.co.uk. 8467:, Netherlands (1958) 8058:. They are based at 7829:Hochschule Fresenius 7672:Cologne/Bonn Airport 7566:Cologne/Bonn Airport 7556:-trains stopping at 7415:Transport in Cologne 7379:Cologne Bonn Airport 7238:Generali Deutschland 7058:St. Kolumba, Cologne 6544:Luxemburger Straße, 6448:Luxemburger Straße, 6277:High-rise structures 6115:boulevards (such as 5833:rose-ringed parakeet 2086:Record high °C (°F) 2035:Cologne Bonn Airport 1847:) and 85 districts ( 1839:Districts of Cologne 1623:Operation Millennium 1235:Early modern history 898:Cologne Bonn Airport 732:The city's medieval 572:Vehicle registration 469: • Density 333:50.93639°N 6.95278°E 157:St Gereon's Basilica 13765:Weißenburg in Elsaß 12388:Mülheim an der Ruhr 11873:Siegen-Wittgenstein 11254:. 27 October 2022. 10882:. 16 October 2011. 10669:on 13 December 2010 10528:on 11 December 2007 10200:. 11 October 2021. 10146:on 19 December 2018 9904:on 3 September 2015 9520:on 16 February 2016 9412:"Cologne – History" 9183:on 11 February 2008 9061:Joseph P. Huffman, 9052:, 28 November 2009. 8894:. City of Cologne. 8892:"Facts and figures" 8863:. 10 January 2018. 8660:17 May 2022 at the 8324:, Luxembourg (1958) 8200:, ice hockey player 8122:Toyota Gazoo Racing 8009:2006 FIFA World Cup 8005:RheinEnergieStadion 7734:Universität zu Köln 7360:Cölner Hofbräu Früh 7267:and its subsidiary 6867:Johann Maria Farina 6753:Musica Antiqua Köln 6749:Kölner Philharmonie 6733:Gürzenich Orchestra 6228:Hohenzollern Bridge 6205:Rodenkirchen Bridge 6121:Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring 6039:Medieval city gates 5902:die ewige Baustelle 5886:World Heritage Site 5798:modern architecture 5789:Hohenzollern Bridge 5462:2022 state election 5156:Free Voters Cologne 5128:Good Cologne (GUT) 4815: 4671:Rüdiger-René Keune 4422: 4317:Jehovah's Witnesses 4050:Cologne Bonn Region 3817: 3388: 3053:Daily mean °C (°F) 2697:Average snowy days 2506:Record low °C (°F) 2296:Daily mean °C (°F) 1647:Invasion of Germany 1363:Treaty of Lunéville 1327:Wittelsbach dynasty 1152:Battle of Worringen 1133:Duchy of Westphalia 1032:and the associated 1019:new sewerage system 932:Timeline of Cologne 813:in 462. During the 329: / 272:Show map of Germany 142:Hohenzollern Bridge 13558:imperial immediacy 11988:Schleswig-Holstein 11794:Hochsauerlandkreis 11040:on 4 November 2012 10797:on 28 October 2016 10647:. 21 August 2009. 10580:on 25 January 2008 10312:on 18 January 2012 10234:on 20 October 2015 9970:. stadt-koeln.de. 9929:. stadt-koeln.de. 9626:on 12 October 2023 9166:, 15 February 1926 9118:3 May 2023 at the 9090:. Rote-funken.de. 9039:History of Cologne 8943:"C.Michael Hogan, 8636:Hänneschen-Theater 8441:, Nicaragua (1988) 8298:, Nicaragua (1988) 8272:, Palestine (1996) 8043:(sixth division). 8027:, who play in the 7993: 7930:Kölner Werkschulen 7794:Private colleges: 7614:is also linked by 7539: 7531: 7445:Bundesautobahn 555 7433: 7383:Cologne trade fair 7334:Heinrich Reissdorf 7269:Lufthansa CityLine 7179: 7163: 7157:North entrance to 7086:– Chocolate Museum 7004: 6988: 6944:", which includes 6895:Mäurer & Wirtz 6815:Silberschweinpreis 6800: 6683: 6666: 6586:Herkules-Hochhaus 6524:Justizzentrum Köln 6255:Hohenzollernbrücke 6201: 6193: 6106:Streets in Cologne 6049: 5860: 5777:from left to right 5624:Federal parliament 5466: 5280:Independent Weber 4814: 4805: 4689:Martin Przybylski 4421: 4389: 3815: 3395:Population (2022) 3386: 3358: 1817:that lies between 1775:Cologne Trade Fair 1763: 1761:in Cologne in 1983 1749:Post-reunification 1746: 1671: 1582:(headquartered at 1570: 1412:Kingdom of Prussia 1408:Congress of Vienna 1355: 1296:free imperial city 1288: 1265: 1245: 1232: 1030:Siege of Jerusalem 955: 922:History of Cologne 908:hosts a number of 906:Cologne Trade Fair 902:Düsseldorf Airport 857:(31 of them being 831:free imperial city 777:, hence its name. 13876:Germania Inferior 13808: 13807: 13800:Swiss Confederacy 13778: 13777: 13545: 13533: 13532: 13243:Holy Roman Empire 13198: 13197: 12978: 12977: 12898: 12897: 12796: 12795: 12705: 12704: 12578:Holy Roman Empire 12519: 12518: 12398:Offenbach am Main 12283:Bergisch Gladbach 12106:Frankfurt am Main 12002: 12001: 11928:Baden-Württemberg 11863:Rhein-Kreis Neuss 11769:Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis 11556: 11555: 11441: 11440: 11436: 11435: 10550:. KölnTourismus. 9997:"Region Köln Bon" 9869:978-90-04-18007-9 9835:978-1-134-12975-1 9730:. Steb-koeln.de. 9544:978-3-89439-422-6 9370:978-0-8240-7029-8 9177:"Weimarer Wahlen" 9158:Cologne Evacuated 8767:Offene Daten Köln 8717:on 17 April 2012. 8569:Former twin towns 8426:Neukölln (Berlin) 8210:Paul-Jürgen Weber 8033:Regionalliga West 7945: 7944: 7629:Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn 7593:Cologne Stadtbahn 7578:Frankfurt am Main 7558:Köln Hauptbahnhof 7400:startup companies 7371: 7370: 7328: 6920:Wieverfastelovend 6879:Ferdinand Mülhens 6657:Courtyard of the 6640: 6639: 6479:Am Grauen Stein, 6380:An der Schanz 2, 6347:8, Neustadt-Nord 6306:Height in metres 6269:in Riehl and the 6259:Cologne Cable Car 6008:Cologne City Hall 5924:Cologne Cathedral 5874:Cologne Cathedral 5785:Cologne Cathedral 5751: 5750: 5621: 5620: 5509:Eileen Woestmann 5449: 5448: 4792: 4791: 4585:Roberto Campione 4569:Nicolin Gabrysch 4491:Andreas Kossiski 4358:Cologne City Hall 4285:Irenaeus of Lyons 4281:Protestant Church 4188:and TV presenter 4176:Turkish community 4173: 4172: 4027: 4026: 3813: 3812: 3344: 3343: 2854: 2853: 2746:relative humidity 1995: 1994: 1731:St. Kunibert 1406:. In 1815 at the 1367:Holy Roman Empire 1300:Holy Roman Empire 1283: 1261:Thirty Years' War 1171:Rainald of Dassel 1131:, as well as the 1080:, in 795, bishop 1074:Battle of Amblève 1066:Battle of Cologne 978:Germania Inferior 880:. It hosts three 835:Holy Roman Empire 805:Germania Inferior 773:Colonia Agrippina 746:and is today the 734:Cologne Cathedral 592: 591: 338:50.93639; 6.95278 138:Cologne Cathedral 114:Cologne Cathedral 81: 65: 13913: 13866:Coloniae (Roman) 13836:Cologne (region) 13794:Hanseatic League 13552: 13551: 13543: 13541: 13460:Schwäbisch Gmünd 13251: 13250: 13241: 13240: 13225: 13218: 13211: 13202: 13201: 13057: 13045: 13031: 13030: 13021: 13013:Kontor of Bruges 13009: 12925: 12917: 12907: 12906: 12890: 12882: 12874: 12866: 12859: 12846: 12838: 12830: 12818: 12817: 12812: 12805: 12804: 12742: 12730: 12729: 12720: 12713: 12672: 12664: 12656: 12638: 12606: 12597: 12596: 12569: 12554:Hanseatic League 12546: 12539: 12532: 12523: 12522: 12029: 12022: 12015: 12006: 12005: 11917:of German states 11868:Rhein-Sieg-Kreis 11858:Rhein-Erft-Kreis 11818:Märkischer Kreis 11734: 11583: 11576: 11569: 11560: 11559: 11551: 11468: 11461: 11454: 11445: 11444: 11413: 11412: 11396: 11395: 11388: 11387: 11371: 11370: 11345: 11331: 11324: 11317: 11308: 11307: 11303: 11300: 11299: 11297:Official website 11282: 11281: 11279: 11277: 11266: 11260: 11259: 11244: 11238: 11237: 11235: 11233: 11214: 11208: 11207: 11205: 11203: 11184: 11175: 11174: 11172: 11170: 11155: 11138: 11137: 11135: 11133: 11118: 11112: 11111: 11109: 11107: 11102:on 8 August 2010 11092: 11083: 11082: 11080: 11078: 11056: 11050: 11049: 11047: 11045: 11030: 11024: 11023: 11021: 11019: 11004: 10998: 10997: 10995: 10988: 10980: 10974: 10973: 10971: 10969: 10954: 10948: 10947: 10945: 10943: 10928: 10922: 10921: 10919: 10917: 10908:. Kvb-koeln.de. 10902: 10896: 10895: 10893: 10891: 10872: 10866: 10865: 10863: 10861: 10852:. Archived from 10846: 10840: 10839: 10837: 10835: 10816:Deutsche Welle. 10813: 10807: 10806: 10804: 10802: 10793:. Archived from 10786: 10780: 10779: 10777: 10775: 10756: 10750: 10749: 10739: 10733: 10732: 10730: 10728: 10709: 10703: 10702: 10685: 10679: 10678: 10676: 10674: 10665:. Archived from 10659: 10653: 10652: 10637: 10631: 10630: 10628: 10626: 10617:. 28 July 2011. 10605: 10590: 10589: 10587: 10585: 10570: 10564: 10563: 10561: 10559: 10544: 10538: 10537: 10535: 10533: 10518: 10512: 10511: 10509: 10507: 10496:Initiative Musik 10488: 10482: 10481: 10479: 10477: 10458: 10452: 10451: 10449: 10447: 10442:on 27 March 2010 10432: 10426: 10425: 10423: 10421: 10406: 10400: 10399: 10397: 10395: 10380: 10374: 10373: 10371: 10369: 10354: 10348: 10347: 10345: 10343: 10328: 10322: 10321: 10319: 10317: 10302: 10296: 10295: 10293: 10291: 10276: 10270: 10269: 10267: 10265: 10250: 10244: 10243: 10241: 10239: 10220: 10214: 10213: 10211: 10209: 10190: 10184: 10183: 10181: 10179: 10162: 10156: 10155: 10153: 10151: 10145: 10139:. Archived from 10138: 10130: 10124: 10123: 10121: 10119: 10104: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10093: 10084:. Archived from 10078: 10069: 10068: 10066: 10064: 10045: 10039: 10038: 10036: 10034: 10019: 10013: 10012: 10010: 10008: 9993: 9987: 9986: 9984: 9982: 9976: 9969: 9961: 9946: 9945: 9943: 9941: 9935: 9928: 9920: 9914: 9913: 9911: 9909: 9903: 9897:. Archived from 9896: 9887: 9881: 9880: 9878: 9876: 9853: 9847: 9846: 9844: 9842: 9819: 9813: 9811: 9805: 9797: 9795: 9793: 9782: 9776: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9766:on 24 March 2009 9765: 9759:. Archived from 9758: 9750: 9744: 9743: 9741: 9739: 9724: 9718: 9717: 9715: 9713: 9708:on 24 March 2009 9707: 9700: 9691: 9680: 9679: 9672: 9666: 9665: 9663: 9661: 9642: 9636: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9612: 9606: 9605: 9603: 9601: 9582: 9576: 9575: 9573: 9571: 9556: 9547: 9536: 9530: 9529: 9527: 9525: 9504: 9498: 9497: 9495: 9493: 9473: 9467: 9466: 9464: 9462: 9447: 9441: 9438: 9432: 9431: 9429: 9427: 9408: 9402: 9401: 9399: 9397: 9381: 9375: 9374: 9354: 9348: 9347: 9346: 9344: 9326: 9320: 9319: 9317: 9315: 9295: 9289: 9278: 9272: 9271: 9269: 9267: 9251: 9245: 9244: 9242: 9240: 9225: 9219: 9218: 9216: 9214: 9199: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9173: 9167: 9155: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9144: 9129: 9123: 9110: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9099: 9084: 9078: 9072: 9066: 9059: 9053: 9035: 9029: 9028: 9018: 9005: 9004: 9002: 9000: 8986: 8980: 8969: 8963: 8962: 8960: 8958: 8939: 8933: 8932: 8914: 8908: 8907: 8905: 8903: 8888: 8877: 8876: 8874: 8872: 8853: 8847: 8846: 8844: 8842: 8822: 8816: 8815: 8813: 8811: 8806:on 1 August 2010 8796: 8779: 8778: 8776: 8774: 8759: 8753: 8748: 8737: 8736: 8731:. Archived from 8725: 8719: 8718: 8707: 8690: 8689: 8687: 8685: 8671: 8665: 8652: 8619: 8614: 8613: 8612: 8605: 8600: 8599: 8598: 8580: 8579: 8564:, Ukraine (2022) 8560: 8559: 8545:, Finland (1967) 8541: 8540: 8528: 8527: 8519:, Tunisia (1964) 8515: 8514: 8506:, Germany (1990) 8502: 8501: 8489: 8488: 8476: 8475: 8463: 8462: 8450: 8449: 8437: 8436: 8428:, Germany (1967) 8424: 8423: 8411: 8410: 8398: 8397: 8389:, Belgium (1958) 8385: 8384: 8372: 8371: 8359: 8358: 8346: 8345: 8333: 8332: 8322:Esch-sur-Alzette 8320: 8319: 8311:, Ireland (1988) 8307: 8306: 8294: 8293: 8285:, Romania (1976) 8281: 8280: 8268: 8267: 8255: 8254: 8242: 8241: 8100:has their major 8071:Cologne Marathon 8037:1. FSV Köln 1899 8021:FC Viktoria Köln 7778: 7721: 7720: 7684:mayor of Cologne 7623: 7622: 7562:Köln Messe/Deutz 7548: 7547: 7528:Bensberg station 7508:bicycle-friendly 7477:Fritz Schumacher 7324: 7314: 7313: 7307:and a number of 7218:Deutschlandradio 7195:media industries 7187:market structure 7124:botanical garden 7111:botanical garden 7060:, completed 2007 7035:Museum Schnütgen 7010:– birthplace of 6907:Cologne carnival 6842: 6828:, winner of the 6823: 6812: 6789:Hohenzollernring 6715:Museum Schnütgen 6687:numerous museums 6622: 6605:Graeffstraße 1, 6593: 6563: 6532: 6498: 6467: 6436: 6401: 6368: 6360:Colonia-Hochhaus 6332: 6297: 6296: 6240: 6221: 6117:Hohenzollernring 6088: 6076: 6064: 6030: 6018: 6004: 5974: 5962: 5948: 5934: 5920: 5888:; it houses the 5779:: Deutz Bridge; 5764: 5639: 5638: 5527:Frank Jablonski 5479: 5478: 5432: 5431: 5171: 5170: 5141: 5140: 5114: 5113: 5093: 5092: 5082: 5081: 5058: 5057: 5047: 5046: 4992: 4991: 4962: 4961: 4938: 4937: 4927: 4926: 4903: 4902: 4892: 4891: 4868: 4867: 4857: 4856: 4816: 4813: 4653:Sabine Neumeyer 4635:Robert Nussholz 4603:Thor Zimmermann 4572:Climate Friends 4551:Christer Cremer 4423: 4420: 4309:Eastern Orthodox 4221: 4216: 4075: 4074: 3831: 3826: 3818: 3814: 3803: 3801: 3800: 3785: 3783: 3782: 3767: 3765: 3764: 3749: 3747: 3746: 3731: 3729: 3728: 3713: 3711: 3710: 3695: 3693: 3692: 3677: 3675: 3674: 3659: 3657: 3656: 3641: 3639: 3638: 3623: 3621: 3620: 3605: 3603: 3602: 3587: 3585: 3584: 3569: 3567: 3566: 3551: 3549: 3548: 3533: 3531: 3530: 3515: 3513: 3512: 3497: 3495: 3494: 3479: 3477: 3476: 3461: 3459: 3458: 3443: 3441: 3440: 3425: 3423: 3422: 3407: 3405: 3404: 3389: 3385: 3348:Flood protection 2861: 2860: 2700: 2653: 2030: 2029: 1931: 1854: 1853: 1577: 1549:Social Democrats 1487:World War I 1284: 1230: 1227: 1207:Hanseatic League 1090:Treaty of Verdun 1084:was promoted to 1015:Ripuarian Franks 985: 948:Dionysian scenes 839:Hanseatic League 808: 800: 794: 788: 782: 776: 741: 680: 679: 678: 672: 659: 658: 657: 651: 640: 634: 633: 632: 631: 624: 621: 620: 617: 614: 611: 608: 605: 588: 530: 414: 413:(2020–25) 344: 343: 341: 340: 339: 334: 330: 327: 326: 325: 322: 305: 298: 292: 291: 285: 273: 266: 260: 259: 253: 237: 215: 205: 183: 169: 152: 134: 105: 80: 72: 67: 64: 56: 51: 48: 42: 41: 13921: 13920: 13916: 13915: 13914: 13912: 13911: 13910: 13811: 13810: 13809: 13804: 13774: 13561: 13546: 13542: 13529: 13465:Schwäbisch Hall 13256: 13245: 13235: 13229: 13199: 13194: 13193: 13159: 13083: 13060: 13051: 13039: 13028: 13024: 13017: 13003: 12985: 12984: 12974: 12926: 12919: 12918: 12911: 12894: 12888: 12880: 12872: 12864: 12853: 12844: 12836: 12828: 12820: 12815: 12814: 12813: 12810: 12792: 12743: 12738: 12734: 12721: 12715: 12714: 12701: 12670: 12662: 12654: 12636: 12600: 12588: 12587: 12567: 12557: 12552:Members of the 12550: 12520: 12515: 12487: 12276:100,000–199,999 12271: 12247:Mönchengladbach 12135:200,000–499,999 12130: 12074:500,000–999,999 12069: 12038: 12033: 12003: 11998: 11997: 11907: 11828:Minden-Lübbecke 11741:Rural districts 11735: 11726: 11692:Mönchengladbach 11600:Urban districts 11594: 11587: 11557: 11552: 11543: 11481: 11472: 11442: 11437: 11397: 11338: 11335: 11301: 11295: 11294: 11291: 11286: 11285: 11275: 11273: 11268: 11267: 11263: 11246: 11245: 11241: 11231: 11229: 11216: 11215: 11211: 11201: 11199: 11186: 11185: 11178: 11168: 11166: 11157: 11156: 11141: 11131: 11129: 11128:on 19 July 2011 11120: 11119: 11115: 11105: 11103: 11094: 11093: 11086: 11076: 11074: 11057: 11053: 11043: 11041: 11032: 11031: 11027: 11017: 11015: 11006: 11005: 11001: 10993: 10986: 10982: 10981: 10977: 10967: 10965: 10956: 10955: 10951: 10941: 10939: 10930: 10929: 10925: 10915: 10913: 10904: 10903: 10899: 10889: 10887: 10874: 10873: 10869: 10859: 10857: 10856:on 4 March 2015 10848: 10847: 10843: 10833: 10831: 10814: 10810: 10800: 10798: 10787: 10783: 10773: 10771: 10758: 10757: 10753: 10741: 10740: 10736: 10726: 10724: 10711: 10710: 10706: 10700: 10698:Wayback Machine 10688:stadt-koeln.de 10686: 10682: 10672: 10670: 10661: 10660: 10656: 10639: 10638: 10634: 10624: 10622: 10607: 10606: 10593: 10583: 10581: 10572: 10571: 10567: 10557: 10555: 10546: 10545: 10541: 10531: 10529: 10520: 10519: 10515: 10505: 10503: 10490: 10489: 10485: 10475: 10473: 10460: 10459: 10455: 10445: 10443: 10434: 10433: 10429: 10419: 10417: 10416:on 24 July 2011 10408: 10407: 10403: 10393: 10391: 10382: 10381: 10377: 10367: 10365: 10356: 10355: 10351: 10341: 10339: 10330: 10329: 10325: 10315: 10313: 10306:"Green Cologne" 10304: 10303: 10299: 10289: 10287: 10278: 10277: 10273: 10263: 10261: 10252: 10251: 10247: 10237: 10235: 10222: 10221: 10217: 10207: 10205: 10192: 10191: 10187: 10177: 10175: 10163: 10159: 10149: 10147: 10143: 10136: 10132: 10131: 10127: 10117: 10115: 10106: 10105: 10101: 10091: 10089: 10088:on 21 June 2013 10080: 10079: 10072: 10062: 10060: 10047: 10046: 10042: 10032: 10030: 10021: 10020: 10016: 10006: 10004: 9995: 9994: 9990: 9980: 9978: 9974: 9967: 9963: 9962: 9949: 9939: 9937: 9933: 9926: 9922: 9921: 9917: 9907: 9905: 9901: 9894: 9888: 9884: 9874: 9872: 9870: 9854: 9850: 9840: 9838: 9836: 9820: 9816: 9799: 9798: 9791: 9789: 9784: 9783: 9779: 9769: 9767: 9763: 9756: 9752: 9751: 9747: 9737: 9735: 9726: 9725: 9721: 9711: 9709: 9705: 9698: 9692: 9683: 9674: 9673: 9669: 9659: 9657: 9644: 9643: 9639: 9629: 9627: 9614: 9613: 9609: 9599: 9597: 9584: 9583: 9579: 9569: 9567: 9558: 9557: 9550: 9537: 9533: 9523: 9521: 9506: 9505: 9501: 9491: 9489: 9474: 9470: 9460: 9458: 9449: 9448: 9444: 9439: 9435: 9425: 9423: 9410: 9409: 9405: 9395: 9393: 9382: 9378: 9371: 9355: 9351: 9342: 9340: 9327: 9323: 9313: 9311: 9296: 9292: 9279: 9275: 9265: 9263: 9252: 9248: 9238: 9236: 9227: 9226: 9222: 9212: 9210: 9201: 9200: 9196: 9186: 9184: 9175: 9174: 9170: 9156: 9152: 9142: 9140: 9131: 9130: 9126: 9122:, December 1835 9120:Wayback Machine 9111: 9107: 9097: 9095: 9086: 9085: 9081: 9073: 9069: 9060: 9056: 9046:Wayback Machine 9036: 9032: 9019: 9008: 8998: 8996: 8988: 8987: 8983: 8970: 8966: 8956: 8954: 8941: 8940: 8936: 8915: 8911: 8901: 8899: 8890: 8889: 8880: 8870: 8868: 8855: 8854: 8850: 8840: 8838: 8823: 8819: 8809: 8807: 8798: 8797: 8782: 8772: 8770: 8761: 8760: 8756: 8749: 8740: 8735:on 4 July 2019. 8727: 8726: 8722: 8709: 8708: 8693: 8683: 8681: 8673: 8672: 8668: 8662:Wayback Machine 8653: 8649: 8644: 8625:Stadtwerke Köln 8615: 8610: 8608: 8601: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8574: 8571: 8554: 8548: 8535: 8522: 8509: 8496: 8493:, Greece (1988) 8483: 8480:, Israel (1979) 8470: 8457: 8454:, Brazil (2011) 8444: 8431: 8418: 8405: 8402:, France (1958) 8392: 8379: 8366: 8363:, Poland (1991) 8353: 8350:, Turkey (1997) 8340: 8327: 8314: 8301: 8288: 8275: 8262: 8249: 8236: 8225: 8219: 8194: 8167:ESL One Cologne 8025:SC Fortuna Köln 7985: 7957: 7710:is the largest 7700: 7680:Konrad Adenauer 7668: 7653: 7637: 7520: 7504: 7496:Cologne Beltway 7437:Konrad Adenauer 7422: 7417: 7411: 7281:Ford-Werke GmbH 7151: 7143:Weihnachtsmarkt 7132: 6976: 6970: 6934: 6928: 6916:Weiberfastnacht 6903: 6863:Kölnisch Wasser 6836: 6817: 6806: 6785:Kwartier Latäng 6651: 6645: 6279: 6263:Kölner Seilbahn 6234: 6215: 6185: 6168:Apostelnstrasse 6108: 6102: 6096: 6092: 6089: 6080: 6077: 6068: 6065: 6041: 6034: 6033:Overstolzenhaus 6031: 6022: 6019: 6010: 6005: 5985: 5983:Medieval houses 5978: 5975: 5966: 5963: 5954: 5949: 5940: 5935: 5926: 5921: 5870: 5865: 5849: 5824: 5806:Wilhelm Riphahn 5793: 5792: 5791: 5770: 5765: 5756: 5746:Karl Lauterbach 5626: 5617:Carolin Kirsch 5563:Lena Teschlade 5460:Results of the 5454: 5444:City of Cologne 4809:Kölner Stadtrat 4797: 4782:Wayback Machine 4622:We Are Cologne 4457:Henriette Reker 4397:Henriette Reker 4381: 4372: 4360: 4354: 4342:Henriette Reker 4298:Albertus Magnus 4277:Catholic Church 4273: 4267: 4261:, for example. 4219:[kœɫːʃ] 4214: 4204: 4198: 4178: 4070: 3798: 3796: 3780: 3778: 3762: 3760: 3744: 3742: 3726: 3724: 3708: 3706: 3690: 3688: 3672: 3670: 3654: 3652: 3636: 3634: 3618: 3616: 3600: 3598: 3582: 3580: 3564: 3562: 3546: 3544: 3528: 3526: 3510: 3508: 3492: 3490: 3474: 3472: 3456: 3454: 3438: 3436: 3420: 3418: 3402: 3400: 3384: 3378: 3350: 3345: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2855: 2698: 2651: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2012:oceanic climate 2002:Located in the 2000: 1983:(Stadtbezirk 9) 1970:(Stadtbezirk 8) 1951:(Stadtbezirk 7) 1939:(Stadtbezirk 6) 1915:(Stadtbezirk 5) 1906:(Stadtbezirk 4) 1889:(Stadtbezirk 3) 1874:(Stadtbezirk 2) 1862:(Stadtbezirk 1) 1841: 1835: 1811:Cologne Lowland 1807:Worringer Bruch 1803:Monte Troodelöh 1799:above sea level 1794: 1751: 1744:Cologne in 2013 1718:St. Gereon 1679:federated state 1663: 1632:Hermann Claasen 1627:Royal Air Force 1562: 1526:Weimar Republic 1499:Konrad Adenauer 1448:Konrad Adenauer 1435:Mischehenstreit 1414:, first in the 1394:Napoleonic code 1371:French Republic 1347: 1304:imperial estate 1267: 1237: 1228: 1187:Albertus Magnus 1121:King of Germany 1100:– later called 1050:Frankish Empire 1042: 983:Augusta Ubiorum 959:Oppidum Ubiorum 940: 935: 928: 920:Main articles: 918: 674: 673: 670:[ˈkœlə] 653: 652: 638: 627: 626: 602: 598: 584: 552: 524: 418:Henriette Reker 412: 337: 335: 331: 328: 323: 320: 318: 316: 315: 309: 308: 307: 306: 303: 302: 301: 300: 299: 296: 293: 276: 275: 274: 271: 270: 269: 268: 267: 264: 261: 239: 238: 231: 223: 222: 221: 220: 209: 208: 193: 192: 191: 190: 189: 184: 176: 175: 170: 161: 160: 159: 153: 145: 144: 135: 126: 125: 124: 106: 91: 82: 74: 66: 58: 49: 46: 40: 35: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13919: 13909: 13908: 13903: 13898: 13893: 13888: 13883: 13878: 13873: 13868: 13863: 13858: 13853: 13848: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13806: 13805: 13803: 13802: 13796: 13792:Member of the 13790: 13786:Member of the 13783: 13780: 13779: 13776: 13775: 13773: 13772: 13767: 13762: 13757: 13752: 13747: 13742: 13737: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13717: 13712: 13707: 13702: 13697: 13692: 13687: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13667: 13662: 13657: 13652: 13647: 13642: 13637: 13632: 13627: 13622: 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12249: 12244: 12239: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12204: 12199: 12194: 12189: 12184: 12179: 12174: 12169: 12164: 12159: 12154: 12149: 12144: 12138: 12136: 12132: 12131: 12129: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12093: 12088: 12083: 12077: 12075: 12071: 12070: 12068: 12067: 12062: 12057: 12052: 12046: 12044: 12040: 12039: 12032: 12031: 12024: 12017: 12009: 12000: 11999: 11996: 11995: 11990: 11985: 11980: 11975: 11970: 11965: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11945: 11940: 11935: 11930: 11924: 11912: 11909: 11908: 11906: 11905: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11875: 11870: 11865: 11860: 11855: 11850: 11848:Recklinghausen 11845: 11840: 11835: 11830: 11825: 11820: 11815: 11810: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11786: 11781: 11776: 11771: 11766: 11761: 11756: 11751: 11745: 11743: 11737: 11736: 11729: 11727: 11725: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11689: 11684: 11679: 11670: 11665: 11660: 11655: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11625: 11620: 11615: 11610: 11604: 11602: 11596: 11595: 11586: 11585: 11578: 11571: 11563: 11554: 11553: 11546: 11544: 11542: 11541: 11535: 11529: 11523: 11517: 11511: 11505: 11499: 11493: 11486: 11483: 11482: 11471: 11470: 11463: 11456: 11448: 11439: 11438: 11434: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11417: 11416: 11414: 11407: 11404: 11403: 11398: 11383: 11381: 11375: 11374: 11372: 11365: 11362: 11361: 11356: 11351: 11343: 11340: 11339: 11334: 11333: 11326: 11319: 11311: 11305: 11304: 11290: 11289:External links 11287: 11284: 11283: 11261: 11239: 11222:stadt-koeln.de 11209: 11176: 11139: 11113: 11084: 11051: 11025: 10999: 10975: 10949: 10923: 10897: 10880:Brisbane Times 10867: 10841: 10823:Deutsche Welle 10808: 10781: 10751: 10734: 10704: 10680: 10654: 10632: 10591: 10565: 10539: 10513: 10483: 10453: 10427: 10401: 10390:on 3 July 2009 10375: 10349: 10323: 10297: 10271: 10245: 10228:stadt-koeln.de 10215: 10198:wincountry.com 10185: 10172:Deutsche Welle 10157: 10125: 10099: 10070: 10040: 10014: 9988: 9947: 9915: 9882: 9868: 9848: 9834: 9814: 9777: 9745: 9719: 9681: 9667: 9637: 9607: 9577: 9566:on 25 May 2012 9548: 9531: 9499: 9468: 9442: 9433: 9403: 9376: 9369: 9349: 9321: 9290: 9273: 9246: 9233:museenkoeln.de 9220: 9194: 9168: 9150: 9133:"Festung Köln" 9124: 9105: 9079: 9067: 9054: 9030: 9006: 8981: 8964: 8934: 8909: 8878: 8848: 8817: 8780: 8763:"Denkmalliste" 8754: 8738: 8720: 8691: 8666: 8646: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8639: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8621: 8620: 8606: 8603:Germany portal 8590: 8587: 8586: 8585: 8570: 8567: 8566: 8565: 8547: 8546: 8533: 8532:, Italy (1958) 8520: 8507: 8494: 8481: 8468: 8455: 8452:Rio de Janeiro 8442: 8429: 8416: 8403: 8390: 8377: 8376:, Japan (1963) 8364: 8351: 8338: 8325: 8312: 8299: 8286: 8273: 8260: 8259:, China (1987) 8247: 8246:, Spain (1984) 8233: 8218: 8215: 8214: 8213: 8207: 8201: 8198:Leon Draisaitl 8193: 8192:Notable people 8190: 8160:2010 Gay Games 8118:Le Mans Series 7984: 7981: 7973:Cologne region 7956: 7953: 7943: 7942: 7941: 7940: 7933: 7918: 7917: 7916: 7915: 7912: 7902: 7895: 7885: 7875: 7865: 7851: 7836: 7835: 7834: 7833: 7832: 7825: 7818: 7808: 7802: 7792: 7791: 7790: 7780: 7768: 7762: 7749: 7748: 7747: 7737: 7699: 7696: 7667: 7664: 7652: 7649: 7636: 7633: 7586:Channel Tunnel 7519: 7516: 7503: 7500: 7473:Nord-Süd-Fahrt 7421: 7418: 7413:Main article: 7410: 7407: 7369: 7368: 7365: 7362: 7356: 7355: 7352: 7349: 7343: 7342: 7339: 7336: 7330: 7329: 7326:in hectoliters 7323:Annual output 7321: 7318: 7210:RTL Television 7150: 7147: 7131: 7128: 7127: 7126: 7113: 7104: 7101: 7087: 7081: 7078: 7064: 7061: 7047: 7038: 7037:– medieval art 7032: 7026: 7020: 7014: 7012:Eau de Cologne 6972:Main article: 6969: 6966: 6930:Main article: 6927: 6924: 6902: 6899: 6875:Eau de Cologne 6859:Eau de Cologne 6647:Main article: 6644: 6641: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6629: 6626: 6623: 6616: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6603: 6600: 6597: 6594: 6587: 6583: 6582: 6579: 6573: 6570: 6567: 6564: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6542: 6539: 6536: 6533: 6526: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6508: 6505: 6502: 6499: 6492: 6486: 6485: 6483: 6477: 6474: 6471: 6468: 6461: 6455: 6454: 6452: 6446: 6443: 6440: 6437: 6430: 6426: 6425: 6418:Deutsche Welle 6414: 6411: 6408: 6405: 6402: 6395: 6391: 6390: 6384: 6378: 6375: 6372: 6369: 6362: 6356: 6355: 6348: 6342: 6339: 6336: 6333: 6326: 6320: 6319: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6307: 6304: 6301: 6292:Messeturm Köln 6278: 6275: 6247:Mülheim Bridge 6213:Severin Bridge 6184: 6181: 6180: 6179: 6164: 6146: 6136: 6104:Main article: 6101: 6098: 6094: 6093: 6090: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6059: 6040: 6037: 6036: 6035: 6032: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6013: 6011: 6006: 5999: 5989:Kölner Rathaus 5984: 5981: 5980: 5979: 5977:Trinity Church 5976: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5957: 5955: 5950: 5943: 5941: 5936: 5929: 5927: 5922: 5915: 5912: 5911: 5905: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5848: 5845: 5823: 5820: 5767: 5766: 5759: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5736: 5729: 5722: 5721: 5719:Rolf Mützenich 5716: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5699: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5676: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5653: 5652: 5649: 5646: 5643: 5634:20th Bundestag 5625: 5622: 5619: 5618: 5615: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5601: 5600: 5599:Berivan Aymaz 5597: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5583: 5582: 5581:Florian Braun 5579: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5565: 5564: 5561: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5547: 5546: 5543: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5529: 5528: 5525: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5511: 5510: 5507: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5493: 5492: 5489: 5486: 5483: 5453: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5426: 5423: 5420: 5416: 5415: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5401: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5384: 5383:Invalid votes 5380: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5367: 5363: 5362: 5359: 5356: 5353: 5350: 5347: 5344: 5341: 5340: 5337: 5334: 5331: 5328: 5325: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5259: 5256: 5253: 5252: 5249: 5246: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5227: 5224: 5221: 5218: 5215: 5212: 5209: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5199: 5196: 5193: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5176: 5173: 5165: 5162: 5159: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5146: 5143: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5119: 5116: 5108: 5105: 5102: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5087: 5084: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5064: 5061: 5060: 5052: 5049: 5041: 5038: 5035: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5022: 5019: 5016: 5013: 5010: 5004: 5001: 5000: 4997: 4994: 4986: 4983: 4980: 4974: 4971: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4956: 4953: 4950: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4932: 4929: 4921: 4918: 4915: 4909: 4906: 4905: 4897: 4894: 4886: 4883: 4880: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4862: 4859: 4851: 4848: 4845: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4832: 4829: 4826: 4823: 4820: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4789: 4770: 4769: 4766: 4763: 4760: 4757: 4753: 4752: 4749: 4746: 4743: 4740: 4736: 4735: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4723: 4722:Invalid votes 4719: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4702: 4701: 4698: 4695: 4690: 4687: 4684: 4683: 4680: 4677: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4654: 4651: 4648: 4647: 4644: 4641: 4636: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4626: 4623: 4620: 4619:Dagmar Langel 4617: 4614: 4613: 4610: 4607: 4604: 4601: 4598: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4586: 4583: 4580: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4567: 4564: 4563: 4560: 4557: 4552: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4542: 4539: 4534: 4533:Olivier Fuchs 4531: 4528: 4527: 4524: 4521: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4509: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4497: 4492: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4476: 4473: 4459: 4454: 4451: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4441: 4437: 4436: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4391:The incumbent 4380: 4377: 4371: 4368: 4353: 4350: 4294:Thomas Aquinas 4290:Saint Maternus 4266: 4263: 4237:reaching from 4231:Central German 4197: 4194: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4160: 4159: 4156: 4153: 4147: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4112:European Union 4108: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4086: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4069: 4066: 4040:, Hamburg and 4025: 4024: 4020: 4019: 4016: 4013: 4009: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3998: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3976: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3965: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3954: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3943: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3932: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3910: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3899: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3888: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3877: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3866: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3855: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3844: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3833: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3811: 3810: 3807: 3805:United Kingdom 3793: 3792: 3789: 3775: 3774: 3771: 3757: 3756: 3753: 3739: 3738: 3735: 3721: 3720: 3717: 3703: 3702: 3699: 3685: 3684: 3681: 3667: 3666: 3663: 3649: 3648: 3645: 3631: 3630: 3627: 3613: 3612: 3609: 3595: 3594: 3591: 3577: 3576: 3573: 3559: 3558: 3555: 3541: 3540: 3537: 3523: 3522: 3519: 3505: 3504: 3501: 3487: 3486: 3483: 3469: 3468: 3465: 3451: 3450: 3447: 3433: 3432: 3429: 3415: 3414: 3411: 3397: 3396: 3393: 3380:Main article: 3377: 3374: 3349: 3346: 3342: 3341: 3334: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3260: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2866: 2865: 2859: 2852: 2851: 2844: 2843: 2836: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2794:sunshine hours 2789: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2741: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2694: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2647: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2573: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2363: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2293: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2223: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2153: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2083: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2039: 2038: 2028: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1991: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1971: 1965: 1952: 1946: 1940: 1932: 1925: 1924: 1923: 1916: 1910: 1907: 1901: 1890: 1884: 1875: 1869: 1863: 1837:Main article: 1834: 1831: 1793: 1790: 1750: 1747: 1733:was finished. 1707:Nord-Süd-Fahrt 1702:Rudolf Schwarz 1662: 1659: 1561: 1558: 1420:Rhine Province 1353:Hanging bridge 1346: 1343: 1236: 1233: 1209:in 1475, when 1175:Three Wise Men 1150:Following the 1145:Archchancellor 1106:Lower Lorraine 1098:Middle Francia 1054:Charles Martel 1041: 1038: 970:Germanic tribe 939: 936: 917: 914: 892:headquarters. 854:heavily bombed 760:Eau de Cologne 649:[kœln] 590: 589: 586:stadt-koeln.de 582: 578: 577: 574: 568: 567: 560: 558:Dialling codes 554: 553: 550: 548: 542: 541: 531: 521: 520: 510: 504: 503: 496: 489: 488: 481: 474: 473: 470: 466: 465: 462: 455: 454: 450: 449: 446: 442: 441: 438: 431: 430: 426: 425: 415: 405: 404: 400: 399: 396: 392: 391: 389:Urban district 386: 380: 379: 374: 368: 367: 362: 356: 355: 350: 346: 345: 311: 310: 295: 294: 287: 286: 280: 279: 278: 277: 263: 262: 255: 254: 248: 247: 246: 245: 244: 241: 240: 232: 229: 228: 225: 224: 216: 210: 206: 200: 199: 198: 195: 194: 185: 178: 177: 171: 164: 163: 162: 154: 147: 146: 136: 129: 128: 127: 107: 100: 99: 98: 97: 96: 93: 92: 87: 84: 83: 50: 45: 38: 21:Eau de Cologne 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13918: 13907: 13904: 13902: 13899: 13897: 13894: 13892: 13889: 13887: 13884: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13874: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13819: 13818: 13816: 13801: 13797: 13795: 13791: 13789: 13785: 13784: 13781: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13761: 13758: 13756: 13753: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13711: 13708: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13686: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13671: 13668: 13666: 13663: 13661: 13658: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13641: 13638: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13628: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13573: 13571: 13568: 13567: 13564: 13559: 13553: 13549: 13540: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13503: 13501: 13498: 13496: 13493: 13491: 13488: 13486: 13483: 13481: 13478: 13476: 13473: 13471: 13468: 13466: 13463: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13448: 13446: 13443: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13426: 13423: 13421: 13418: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13393: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13366: 13363: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13353: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13291: 13288: 13286: 13283: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13262: 13259: 13252: 13248: 13244: 13239: 13233: 13226: 13221: 13219: 13214: 13212: 13207: 13206: 13203: 13189: 13185: 13181: 13177: 13174: 13170: 13167: 13166: 13162: 13156: 13153: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13126: 13123: 13121: 13118: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13095:Bishop's Lynn 13093: 13092: 13090: 13086: 13080: 13077: 13075: 13072: 13071: 13069: 13067: 13063: 13055: 13050: 13047: 13043: 13038: 13035: 13027: 13023: 13020: 13016: 13015: 13014: 13011: 13007: 13002: 12999: 12998: 12996: 12994: 12993: 12988: 12981: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12960: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12949: 12946: 12944: 12941: 12939: 12936: 12934: 12931: 12930: 12928: 12924: 12923: 12916: 12915: 12908: 12905: 12901: 12891: 12885: 12883: 12877: 12875: 12869: 12867: 12861: 12857: 12852: 12849: 12847: 12841: 12839: 12833: 12831: 12825: 12824: 12822: 12819: 12806: 12803: 12799: 12789: 12788: 12784: 12782: 12781: 12777: 12775: 12774: 12770: 12768: 12765: 12763: 12760: 12758: 12757: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12747: 12745: 12741: 12737: 12731: 12728: 12724: 12719: 12712: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12680: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12667: 12665: 12659: 12657: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12633: 12631: 12630: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12614: 12611: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12604: 12598: 12595: 12591: 12583: 12579: 12575: 12572: 12565: 12564: 12560: 12555: 12547: 12542: 12540: 12535: 12533: 12528: 12527: 12524: 12512: 12509: 12507: 12504: 12502: 12499: 12497: 12496:Complete list 12494: 12493: 12490: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12404: 12401: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12346: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12336: 12334: 12331: 12329: 12326: 12324: 12321: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12306: 12304: 12301: 12299: 12296: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12284: 12281: 12280: 12278: 12274: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12253: 12250: 12248: 12245: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12197:Halle (Saale) 12195: 12193: 12192:Gelsenkirchen 12190: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12178: 12175: 12173: 12170: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12139: 12137: 12133: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12084: 12082: 12079: 12078: 12076: 12072: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12047: 12045: 12041: 12037: 12030: 12025: 12023: 12018: 12016: 12011: 12010: 12007: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11983:Saxony-Anhalt 11981: 11979: 11976: 11974: 11971: 11969: 11966: 11964: 11961: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11941: 11939: 11936: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11926: 11925: 11922: 11918: 11916: 11910: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11869: 11866: 11864: 11861: 11859: 11856: 11854: 11851: 11849: 11846: 11844: 11841: 11839: 11836: 11834: 11831: 11829: 11826: 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11391: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11376: 11373: 11366: 11364: 11363: 11360: 11357: 11355: 11352: 11350: 11347: 11346: 11341: 11332: 11327: 11325: 11320: 11318: 11313: 11312: 11309: 11298: 11293: 11292: 11272:. 3 July 2022 11271: 11265: 11257: 11253: 11252:ukrinform.net 11249: 11243: 11227: 11223: 11219: 11213: 11197: 11193: 11189: 11183: 11181: 11164: 11160: 11154: 11152: 11150: 11148: 11146: 11144: 11127: 11123: 11117: 11101: 11097: 11091: 11089: 11072: 11068: 11067: 11062: 11055: 11039: 11035: 11029: 11013: 11010:. goethe.de. 11009: 11003: 10992: 10985: 10979: 10963: 10959: 10953: 10937: 10933: 10927: 10911: 10907: 10901: 10885: 10881: 10877: 10871: 10855: 10851: 10845: 10829: 10825: 10824: 10819: 10812: 10796: 10792: 10785: 10769: 10766:(in German). 10765: 10761: 10755: 10747: 10746: 10738: 10722: 10718: 10714: 10708: 10699: 10695: 10692: 10691: 10684: 10668: 10664: 10658: 10650: 10646: 10642: 10636: 10620: 10616: 10615: 10610: 10604: 10602: 10600: 10598: 10596: 10579: 10575: 10569: 10553: 10549: 10543: 10527: 10523: 10517: 10501: 10497: 10493: 10487: 10471: 10467: 10463: 10457: 10441: 10437: 10431: 10415: 10411: 10405: 10389: 10385: 10379: 10363: 10359: 10353: 10337: 10333: 10327: 10311: 10307: 10301: 10285: 10281: 10280:"Wahlperiode" 10275: 10259: 10256:(in German). 10255: 10249: 10233: 10229: 10225: 10219: 10203: 10199: 10195: 10189: 10174: 10173: 10168: 10161: 10142: 10135: 10129: 10113: 10109: 10103: 10087: 10083: 10077: 10075: 10058: 10054: 10050: 10044: 10028: 10024: 10018: 10002: 9998: 9992: 9973: 9966: 9960: 9958: 9956: 9954: 9952: 9932: 9925: 9919: 9900: 9893: 9886: 9871: 9865: 9861: 9860: 9852: 9837: 9831: 9827: 9826: 9818: 9809: 9803: 9787: 9781: 9762: 9755: 9749: 9733: 9729: 9723: 9704: 9697: 9690: 9688: 9686: 9677: 9671: 9655: 9651: 9647: 9641: 9625: 9621: 9617: 9611: 9595: 9591: 9587: 9581: 9565: 9561: 9555: 9553: 9545: 9541: 9535: 9519: 9515: 9514: 9509: 9503: 9487: 9483: 9479: 9472: 9456: 9452: 9446: 9437: 9421: 9417: 9413: 9407: 9391: 9387: 9380: 9372: 9366: 9362: 9361: 9353: 9338: 9334: 9333: 9325: 9309: 9305: 9301: 9294: 9287: 9283: 9277: 9261: 9257: 9250: 9234: 9230: 9224: 9208: 9204: 9198: 9182: 9178: 9172: 9165: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9138: 9134: 9128: 9121: 9117: 9114: 9109: 9093: 9089: 9083: 9076: 9071: 9064: 9058: 9051: 9047: 9043: 9040: 9034: 9026: 9025: 9017: 9015: 9013: 9011: 8995: 8991: 8985: 8978: 8977:3-7743-0357-6 8974: 8968: 8952: 8948: 8946: 8945:Cologne Wharf 8938: 8930: 8926: 8922: 8921: 8913: 8897: 8893: 8887: 8885: 8883: 8866: 8862: 8858: 8852: 8836: 8832: 8828: 8821: 8805: 8801: 8795: 8793: 8791: 8789: 8787: 8785: 8768: 8764: 8758: 8752: 8747: 8745: 8743: 8734: 8730: 8724: 8716: 8712: 8706: 8704: 8702: 8700: 8698: 8696: 8680: 8677:(in German). 8676: 8670: 8663: 8659: 8656: 8651: 8647: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8626: 8623: 8622: 8618: 8617:Europe portal 8607: 8604: 8593: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8572: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8552: 8551: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8234: 8232: 8230: 8224: 8211: 8208: 8205: 8202: 8199: 8196: 8195: 8189: 8187: 8183: 8178: 8176: 8175:Lanxess Arena 8172: 8168: 8163: 8161: 8157: 8153: 8149: 8145: 8141: 8136: 8134: 8129: 8127: 8123: 8119: 8115: 8111: 8107: 8103: 8099: 8094: 8092: 8088: 8084: 8080: 8076: 8072: 8068: 8063: 8061: 8060:Lanxess Arena 8057: 8053: 8049: 8044: 8042: 8038: 8034: 8030: 8026: 8022: 8018: 8014: 8010: 8006: 8002: 8001:2. Bundesliga 7998: 7989: 7980: 7978: 7974: 7970: 7966: 7962: 7952: 7950: 7938: 7934: 7931: 7927: 7923: 7922: 7921: 7913: 7910: 7906: 7903: 7900: 7896: 7893: 7889: 7886: 7883: 7879: 7876: 7873: 7869: 7866: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7852: 7849: 7845: 7842: 7841: 7839: 7838: 7830: 7826: 7823: 7819: 7816: 7812: 7809: 7806: 7803: 7800: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7788: 7784: 7781: 7777: 7772: 7769: 7766: 7763: 7760: 7756: 7753: 7752: 7750: 7745: 7741: 7738: 7735: 7731: 7728: 7727: 7725: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7713: 7709: 7705: 7695: 7693: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7677: 7673: 7663: 7661: 7657: 7648: 7646: 7642: 7632: 7630: 7625: 7621:Deutsche Bahn 7617: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7602: 7598: 7594: 7589: 7587: 7583: 7579: 7575: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7551: 7546: 7545:Deutsche Bahn 7535: 7529: 7524: 7515: 7513: 7509: 7499: 7497: 7493: 7489: 7484: 7482: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7469:Stadtautobahn 7466: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7450: 7449:Stadtautobahn 7446: 7442: 7438: 7431: 7426: 7416: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7396: 7394: 7393: 7388: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7344: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7331: 7327: 7316: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7306: 7302: 7301:TÜV Rheinland 7298: 7294: 7290: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7261: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7231: 7230:Tandem Verlag 7227: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7207: 7202: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7184: 7176: 7172: 7167: 7160: 7155: 7146: 7144: 7139: 7137: 7125: 7122:and woodland 7121: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7108: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7085: 7082: 7079: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7065: 7062: 7059: 7055: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7042: 7039: 7036: 7033: 7030: 7029:Museum Ludwig 7027: 7024: 7021: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7009: 7006: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6992: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6965: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6943: 6939: 6933: 6923: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6912:Ash Wednesday 6908: 6898: 6896: 6892: 6891:Farina family 6888: 6884: 6880: 6876: 6872: 6868: 6864: 6860: 6855: 6853: 6849: 6844: 6840: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6826:Heinrich Böll 6821: 6816: 6810: 6805: 6796: 6792: 6790: 6786: 6782: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6762: 6758: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6737:Cologne Opera 6734: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6712: 6708: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6695:Museum Ludwig 6692: 6689:. The famous 6688: 6680: 6676: 6675: 6670: 6664: 6663:Peter Zumthor 6660: 6655: 6650: 6630: 6627: 6624: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6608: 6601: 6598: 6595: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6578: 6575:Ottoplatz 1, 6571: 6568: 6565: 6562: 6558: 6556: 6552: 6547: 6540: 6537: 6534: 6531: 6527: 6525: 6521: 6516: 6515:Neustadt-Nord 6512: 6506: 6503: 6500: 6497: 6493: 6491: 6487: 6482: 6475: 6472: 6469: 6466: 6462: 6460: 6459:TÜV Rheinland 6456: 6451: 6444: 6441: 6438: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6409: 6406: 6403: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6383: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6367: 6363: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6352:Cologne Tower 6346: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6331: 6327: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6314: 6311: 6308: 6305: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6289: 6284: 6274: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6238: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6219: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6197: 6189: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6149:Schildergasse 6147: 6144: 6140: 6137: 6134: 6130: 6129:Hahnentorburg 6126: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6109: 6107: 6097: 6087: 6082: 6075: 6070: 6067:Eigelsteintor 6063: 6058: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6045: 6029: 6024: 6017: 6012: 6009: 6003: 5998: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5990: 5973: 5968: 5961: 5956: 5953: 5947: 5942: 5939: 5933: 5928: 5925: 5919: 5914: 5913: 5909: 5906: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5856: 5852: 5844: 5841: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5819: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5810:Cologne Opera 5807: 5803: 5802:reconstructed 5799: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5769: 5763: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5734: 5730: 5728: 5724: 5723: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5707: 5705: 5701: 5700: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5684: 5682: 5678: 5677: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5661: 5659: 5655: 5654: 5650: 5644: 5642:Constituency 5641: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5631: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5606: 5603: 5602: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5588: 5585: 5584: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5545:Arndt Klocke 5544: 5542: 5539: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5498: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5484: 5482:Constituency 5481: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5471: 5463: 5458: 5452:State Landtag 5445: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5427: 5424: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5402: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5385: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5357: 5354: 5351: 5348: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5335: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5321: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5307: 5304: 5299: 5298: 5294: 5291: 5288: 5285: 5282: 5277: 5276: 5272: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5255: 5254: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5233: 5232: 5228: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5211: 5210: 5206: 5203: 5200: 5197: 5194: 5191: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5174: 5166: 5163: 5160: 5157: 5151: 5147: 5144: 5136: 5133: 5130: 5125: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5098: 5097: 5088: 5085: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5068: 5062: 5053: 5050: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5027: 5023: 5020: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5008: 5002: 4998: 4995: 4987: 4984: 4981: 4978: 4972: 4968: 4965: 4957: 4954: 4951: 4948: 4942: 4933: 4930: 4922: 4919: 4916: 4913: 4907: 4898: 4895: 4887: 4884: 4881: 4878: 4872: 4863: 4860: 4852: 4849: 4846: 4843: 4837: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4817: 4812: 4810: 4801: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4776: 4771: 4767: 4764: 4761: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4747: 4744: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4730: 4727: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4713: 4710: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4685: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4667: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4649: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4631: 4627: 4624: 4616: 4615: 4611: 4608: 4606:Good Cologne 4600: 4599: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4581: 4577: 4574: 4566: 4565: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4547: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4529: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4511: 4507: 4504: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4487: 4483: 4480: 4477: 4474: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4458: 4452: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4435:Second round 4424: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4385: 4376: 4367: 4365: 4359: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4320: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4272: 4262: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4229: 4225: 4220: 4212: 4208: 4203: 4193: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4168: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4148: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4122: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4109: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4098: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4076: 4073: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4034: 4032: 4021: 4017: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4006: 4003: 4000: 3999: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3988: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3966: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3944: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3933: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3922: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3900: 3896: 3893: 3890: 3889: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3878: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3867: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3856: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3841: 3838: 3835: 3834: 3828: 3823: 3820: 3819: 3808: 3806: 3795: 3794: 3790: 3788: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3770: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3752: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3734: 3723: 3722: 3718: 3716: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3698: 3687: 3686: 3682: 3680: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3662: 3651: 3650: 3646: 3644: 3633: 3632: 3628: 3626: 3615: 3614: 3610: 3608: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3590: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3572: 3561: 3560: 3556: 3554: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3536: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3518: 3507: 3506: 3502: 3500: 3489: 3488: 3484: 3482: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3464: 3453: 3452: 3448: 3446: 3435: 3434: 3430: 3428: 3417: 3416: 3412: 3410: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3391: 3390: 3383: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3354: 3340: 3335: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3266: 3265:precipitation 3261: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3191: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3121: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2911: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2850: 2845: 2842: 2837: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792:Mean monthly 2790: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2742: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2695: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2648: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2579: 2578:precipitation 2574: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2504: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2434: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2364: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2224: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2154: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2084: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2013: 2009: 2005: 1989: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1933: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1840: 1830: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1789: 1787: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1769: 1760: 1755: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1732: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1667: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1566: 1557: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1465: 1464:German empire 1461: 1457: 1451: 1449: 1444: 1443:Paul Melchers 1441:, Archbishop 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1421: 1418:and then the 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1404:German Empire 1401: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1351: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1333:and later in 1332: 1328: 1324: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1308:Imperial Diet 1305: 1301: 1297: 1292: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1241: 1222: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1211:Frederick III 1208: 1204: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1158:. Archbishop 1157: 1153: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1088:. In the 843 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1026:Second Temple 1022: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1009: 1008:Peutinger Map 1005: 1004:Constantine I 1001: 997: 993: 989: 988:Gallic Empire 984: 979: 975: 971: 968: 964: 960: 953: 949: 944: 938:Roman Cologne 933: 927: 923: 913: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 862: 860: 855: 851: 847: 842: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 807: 806: 799: 793: 787: 781: 775: 774: 768: 763: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 740: 735: 730: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 677: 671: 667: 663: 656: 650: 646: 642: 641: 630: 623: 596: 587: 583: 579: 575: 573: 569: 565: 562:0221, 02203 ( 561: 559: 555: 549: 547: 543: 539: 535: 532: 528: 522: 518: 514: 511: 509: 505: 501: 497: 495: 492: • 490: 486: 482: 480: 477: • 475: 471: 467: 463: 461: 458: • 456: 451: 447: 443: 439: 437: 434: • 432: 427: 423: 419: 416: 411: 408: • 406: 401: 397: 393: 390: 387: 385: 381: 378: 375: 373: 372:Admin. region 369: 366: 363: 361: 357: 354: 351: 347: 342: 314:Coordinates: 312: 284: 252: 242: 236: 226: 219: 214: 204: 196: 188: 182: 174: 168: 158: 151: 143: 139: 133: 123: 119: 115: 111: 104: 94: 90: 85: 78: 71: 62: 55: 43: 37: 33: 26: 22: 13715:Schlettstadt 13710:Schmalkalden 13705:Schaffhausen 13680:Pfeddersheim 13595:Diessenhofen 13304: 13168: 13065: 12990: 12957: 12920: 12913: 12912: 12785: 12778: 12771: 12754: 12627: 12601: 12581: 12378:Ludwigshafen 12167:Braunschweig 12054: 11953:Lower Saxony 11913: 11805: 11674: 11672: 11497:Rodenkirchen 11478: 11389: 11274:. Retrieved 11264: 11251: 11242: 11230:. Retrieved 11221: 11212: 11200:. Retrieved 11167:. Retrieved 11130:. Retrieved 11126:the original 11116: 11104:. Retrieved 11100:the original 11075:. Retrieved 11064: 11054: 11042:. Retrieved 11038:the original 11028: 11016:. Retrieved 11002: 10978: 10966:. Retrieved 10952: 10940:. Retrieved 10926: 10914:. Retrieved 10900: 10888:. Retrieved 10879: 10870: 10858:. Retrieved 10854:the original 10844: 10832:. Retrieved 10821: 10811: 10799:. Retrieved 10795:the original 10784: 10772:. Retrieved 10764:Ford Germany 10763: 10754: 10743: 10737: 10725:. Retrieved 10716: 10707: 10689: 10683: 10671:. Retrieved 10667:the original 10657: 10644: 10635: 10623:. Retrieved 10612: 10582:. Retrieved 10578:the original 10568: 10558:13 September 10556:. Retrieved 10542: 10530:. Retrieved 10526:the original 10516: 10504:. Retrieved 10495: 10486: 10474:. Retrieved 10466:Faze Magazin 10465: 10456: 10444:. Retrieved 10440:the original 10430: 10418:. 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Retrieved 8669: 8650: 8549: 8491:Thessaloniki 8335:Indianapolis 8226: 8179: 8164: 8137: 8130: 8095: 8091:Rodenkirchen 8075:Rund um Köln 8064: 8045: 8041:Verbandsliga 7994: 7958: 7946: 7936: 7929: 7919: 7908: 7898: 7891: 7881: 7871: 7857: 7847: 7828: 7821: 7814: 7798: 7786: 7758: 7743: 7733: 7716:conservatory 7701: 7675: 7669: 7660:inland ports 7654: 7638: 7626: 7599:(KVB) is an 7595:operated by 7590: 7540: 7505: 7485: 7480: 7472: 7468: 7456: 7452: 7448: 7434: 7404: 7397: 7390: 7386: 7372: 7325: 7320:Established 7262: 7222:Brainpool TV 7203: 7180: 7177:headquarters 7171:Rheinauhafen 7142: 7140: 7133: 7031:– modern art 6998:in Cologne: 6936:Cologne and 6935: 6919: 6915: 6904: 6882: 6874: 6870: 6862: 6856: 6845: 6834:phil.cologne 6801: 6784: 6761:WDR Big Band 6744: 6730: 6727: 6685:Cologne has 6684: 6672: 6555:KölnTriangle 6421: 6351: 6350:(literally: 6288:Rheinauhafen 6280: 6262: 6254: 6242: 6224:Deutz Bridge 6209:South Bridge 6202: 6175: 6172:Ehrenstrasse 6171: 6167: 6157:Hohe Strasse 6156: 6152: 6142: 6141:(literally: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6113:Cologne Ring 6095: 6050: 5988: 5986: 5901: 5877: 5850: 5842: 5825: 5817: 5814: 5794: 5776: 5696:Sven Lehmann 5627: 5604:19 Köln VII 5532:15 Köln III 5467: 5366:Valid votes 5007:Volt Germany 4949:(Die Linke) 4808: 4806: 4795:City council 4705:Valid votes 4537:Volt Germany 4515:Jörg Detjen 4432:First round 4417: 4390: 4373: 4361: 4339: 4336: 4321: 4306: 4274: 4249:and east to 4224:Kölsch Platt 4223: 4222:) (natively 4210: 4206: 4205: 4179: 4078:Citizenship 4071: 4062: 4058: 4035: 4028: 3392:From country 3376:Demographics 3361: 3359: 3267:mm (inches) 2856: 2580:mm (inches) 2017: 2001: 1892:Braunsfeld, 1872:Rodenkirchen 1848: 1845:Stadtbezirke 1844: 1842: 1795: 1783: 1772: 1767: 1764: 1758: 1735: 1711: 1706: 1699: 1695:West Germany 1690: 1672: 1640: 1635: 1612: 1580:Wehrkreis VI 1571: 1560:World War II 1538: 1509: 1503: 1484: 1469: 1452: 1434: 1424: 1397: 1356: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1293: 1289: 1257:Swedish army 1215:Cologne mark 1194:trade routes 1191: 1183:Saint Ursula 1168: 1149: 1110: 1058:Chilperic II 1043: 1023: 1012: 958: 956: 946:Fresco with 863: 846:World War II 843: 823:Brabant Road 819:trade routes 764: 731: 727:West Germany 594: 593: 546:Postal codes 485:Cologne Bonn 218:Coat of arms 36: 13856:Holy cities 13685:Rheinfelden 13630:Kaysersberg 13470:Schweinfurt 13430:Pfullendorf 13310:Dinkelsbühl 12903:Westphalian 12856:Kaliningrad 12653:Rügenwalde 12637:(Kołobrzeg) 12448:Saarbrücken 12293:Bremerhaven 11938:Brandenburg 11044:16 November 11008:"goethe.de" 10548:"Nightlife" 10178:6 September 10150:19 December 9981:13 December 9940:13 December 9524:15 February 9343:6 September 8773:28 December 8769:(in German) 8283:Cluj-Napoca 8227:Cologne is 8048:Kölner Haie 7375:inland port 7293:Formula One 7273:Ford Europe 7252:Insurance, 7045:applied art 6837: [ 6818: [ 6807: [ 6804:lit.COLOGNE 6429:Uni-Center 6394:Rheintower 6300:Skyscraper 6235: [ 6230:(railway), 6216: [ 6211:(railway), 6176:Rudolfplatz 6151:– connects 6143:High Street 6139:Hohe Straße 6133:Rudolfplatz 6091:Severinstor 5704:Cologne III 5586:18 Köln VI 5550:16 Köln IV 5517:Lindenthal 5514:14 Köln II 4693:Independent 4657:Independent 4639:Independent 4589:Independent 4462:Independent 4401:independent 4326:run by the 4190:Nazan Eckes 3733:Netherlands 3370:floodplains 3366:flood walls 1975:Rath/Heumar 1894:Junkersdorf 1439:Kulturkampf 1379:Département 1316:Rote Funken 1312:Rote Funken 1259:during the 1229: 1411 1102:Lotharingia 1078:Charlemagne 1048:within the 1040:Middle Ages 910:trade shows 815:Middle Ages 715:Lower Rhine 551:50441–51149 498:8,711,712 ( 483:3,500,000 ( 398:38 BCE 336: / 155:Decagon of 13815:Categories 13700:Sarrebourg 13695:St. Gallen 13615:Gelnhausen 13600:Donauwörth 13480:Überlingen 13450:Rothenburg 13445:Reutlingen 13440:Regensburg 13435:Ravensburg 13415:Nördlingen 13410:Nordhausen 13400:Mühlhausen 13365:Kaufbeuren 13335:Gengenbach 12851:Königsberg 12787:Nordhausen 12780:Mühlhausen 12663:(Szczecin) 12623:Greifswald 12453:Salzgitter 12443:Reutlingen 12433:Regensburg 12373:Leverkusen 12358:Ingolstadt 12353:Hildesheim 12338:Heidelberg 12252:Oberhausen 12096:Düsseldorf 12043:1,000,000+ 11774:Euskirchen 11707:Oberhausen 11687:Leverkusen 11643:Düsseldorf 11593:in Germany 11521:Chorweiler 11503:Lindenthal 11491:Innenstadt 11354:Düsseldorf 11276:21 October 11232:4 November 11192:1. FC Köln 11077:29 October 10934:. Hgk.de. 10890:26 January 10801:28 October 10645:Lyke2Drink 10342:16 January 10264:24 January 10238:18 October 10208:11 October 10053:knight.org 9792:4 November 9660:20 January 9650:www.dwd.de 9630:12 October 9600:20 January 9590:www.dwd.de 9492:12 January 9396:15 October 9314:28 January 9284:, p. 237. 8831:WorldAtlas 8642:References 8439:El Realejo 8221:See also: 8204:Kim Petras 8102:motorsport 8093:district. 8052:ice hockey 7997:1. FC Köln 7612:Düsseldorf 7604:light rail 7570:TGV Thalys 7568:. ICE and 7481:Ebertplatz 7387:Koelnmesse 7297:REWE Group 7191:Düsseldorf 7183:Rhine-Ruhr 7159:Koelnmesse 7067:EL-DE Haus 7054:art museum 6996:excavation 6984:modern art 6950:ice hockey 6938:Düsseldorf 6699:modern art 6511:Ebertplatz 6290:, and the 6273:in Deutz. 6232:Zoo Bridge 6053:city gates 5898:Three Magi 5878:Kölner Dom 5733:Leverkusen 5681:Cologne II 5673:Sanae Abdi 5568:17 Köln V 5496:13 Köln I 5464:in Cologne 5067:Die PARTEI 4426:Candidate 4356:See also: 4269:See also: 4257:spoken in 4245:, west to 4200:See also: 4054:Rhine-Ruhr 2839:Source 1: 2699:(≥ 1.0 cm) 2652:(≥ 1.0 mm) 2004:Rhine-Ruhr 1937:Chorweiler 1887:Lindenthal 1860:Innenstadt 1849:Stadtteile 1827:Düsseldorf 1675:Düsseldorf 1643:First Army 1541:Nazi Party 1510:Grüngürtel 1375:Napoleon's 1251:Attack on 1086:archbishop 1060:, King of 1000:Victorinus 967:Cisrhenian 859:Romanesque 742:) was the 739:Kölner Dom 719:Düsseldorf 643:; German: 453:Population 410:Lord mayor 403:Government 321:50°56′11″N 110:Kranhäuser 13846:Rhineland 13745:Turckheim 13735:Straßburg 13730:Solothurn 13515:Windsheim 13425:Offenburg 13420:Nuremberg 13405:Mülhausen 13395:Memmingen 13380:Leutkirch 13375:Kessenich 13355:Heilbronn 13330:Friedberg 13325:Frankfurt 13285:Bopfingen 13135:Newcastle 13088:Factories 13074:Falsterbo 13037:Steelyard 12953:Osnabrück 12938:Groningen 12873:(Tallinn) 12829:(Wrocław) 12740:Magdeburg 12736:Brunswick 12687:Stralsund 12682:Stockholm 12655:(Darłowo) 12580:shown in 12568:smallcaps 12478:Wolfsburg 12438:Remscheid 12418:Pforzheim 12413:Paderborn 12408:Osnabrück 12403:Oldenburg 12343:Heilbronn 12318:Gütersloh 12313:Göttingen 12298:Darmstadt 12267:Wuppertal 12262:Wiesbaden 12227:Magdeburg 12202:Karlsruhe 12152:Bielefeld 12126:Stuttgart 12121:Nuremberg 11993:Thuringia 11921:Full list 11915:Districts 11898:Warendorf 11883:Steinfurt 11843:Paderborn 11784:Heinsberg 11779:Gütersloh 11722:Wuppertal 11712:Remscheid 11613:Bielefeld 11509:Ehrenfeld 11475:Districts 11359:Wuppertal 10713:"Cologne" 10614:The Local 10506:6 January 10476:6 January 10118:22 August 10092:22 August 9908:5 October 9875:5 October 9841:5 October 9077:, Bairoch 8929:237135281 8871:29 August 8841:29 August 8800:"Economy" 8582:Volgograd 8465:Rotterdam 8413:Liverpool 8270:Bethlehem 8244:Barcelona 7860:) of the 7698:Education 7641:Eurolines 7601:extensive 7574:Amsterdam 7550:InterCity 7457:Zoobrücke 7409:Transport 7265:Lufthansa 7120:arboretum 6948:parades, 6861:(German: 6813:with its 6777:Krautrock 6707:Barcelona 6679:limestone 6674:Tauzieher 6607:Ehrenfeld 6345:MediaPark 6271:Rheinpark 6261:(German: 6251:tied arch 6243:Zoobrücke 6125:Hansaring 6079:Hahnentor 6021:Gürzenich 5993:city hall 5876:(German: 5863:Landmarks 5754:Cityscape 5658:Cologne I 5630:Bundestag 5069:(PARTEI) 4786:2nd round 4775:1st round 4228:Ripuarian 4207:Colognian 4202:Colognian 4186:Eko Fresh 4046:Wesseling 4031:Rhineland 4015:1,017,355 4004:1,005,775 2008:temperate 1988:Stammheim 1944:Worringen 1904:Ehrenfeld 1882:Zollstock 1878:Bayenthal 1833:Districts 1815:Rhineland 1792:Geography 1554:Reichstag 1545:Communist 1506:Rhineland 1460:cathedral 1456:Ruhr area 1427:Rhineland 1359:free city 1156:Free City 1094:Lothair I 1082:Hildebold 1046:Austrasia 894:Lufthansa 866:Rhineland 844:Prior to 827:Via Regia 780:Agrippina 534:UTC+02:00 513:UTC+01:00 508:Time zone 500:Rhineland 464:1,087,353 445:Elevation 324:6°57′10″E 13788:Décapole 13640:Konstanz 13605:Duisburg 13580:Besançon 13455:Rottweil 13320:Eßlingen 13315:Dortmund 13300:Buchhorn 13280:Biberach 13275:Augsburg 13190:channel. 13173:Dortmund 13150:Yarmouth 13054:Novgorod 13049:Peterhof 12933:Deventer 12922:Dortmund 12865:(Kraków) 12845:(Elbląg) 12827:Breslau 12816:(Gdańsk) 12677:Stargard 12671:(Słupsk) 12661:Stettin 12643:Lüneburg 12635:Kolberg 12483:Würzburg 12463:Solingen 12303:Erlangen 12237:Mannheim 12177:Duisburg 12172:Chemnitz 12147:Augsburg 12086:Dortmund 11973:Saarland 11823:Mettmann 11759:Coesfeld 11717:Solingen 11638:Duisburg 11633:Dortmund 11256:Archived 11226:Archived 11202:20 April 11196:Archived 11169:13 March 11163:Archived 11106:22 April 11071:Archived 11018:8 August 11012:Archived 10991:Archived 10962:Archived 10942:8 August 10936:Archived 10910:Archived 10884:Archived 10860:10 March 10828:Archived 10768:Archived 10721:Archived 10694:Archived 10649:Archived 10619:Archived 10552:Archived 10532:8 August 10500:Archived 10470:Archived 10446:8 August 10362:Archived 10336:Archived 10316:17 April 10290:15 April 10284:Archived 10258:Archived 10202:Archived 10112:Archived 10063:20 April 10057:Archived 10027:Archived 10001:Archived 9972:Archived 9931:Archived 9802:cite web 9770:20 March 9732:Archived 9712:20 March 9654:Archived 9594:Archived 9570:17 April 9486:Archived 9461:8 August 9455:Archived 9420:Archived 9390:Archived 9337:archived 9308:Archived 9260:Archived 9213:8 August 9207:Archived 9137:Archived 9116:Archived 9092:Archived 9042:Archived 8999:2 August 8951:Archived 8896:Archived 8865:Archived 8835:Archived 8810:18 April 8658:Archived 8589:See also 8478:Tel Aviv 8361:Katowice 8348:Istanbul 8116:and the 8015:and the 7694:(EASA). 7645:Brussels 7584:via the 7465:A 3 7461:A 4 7367:440,000 7354:500,000 7341:650,000 7317:Brewery 7305:Deutz AG 7175:EA Games 7136:Ringfest 7099:minerals 7000:Dionysus 6954:football 6946:carnival 6940:have a " 6901:Carnival 6739:and the 6490:Ringturm 6324:KölnTurm 6315:Address 6283:Colonius 6153:Neumarkt 5868:Churches 5822:Wildlife 5607:Mülheim 5442:Source: 5422:820,526 5403:421,823 5369:417,227 4947:The Left 4847:118,997 4844:(Grüne) 4778:Archived 4765:818,731 4759:820,527 4748:296,743 4742:421,566 4714:294,016 4708:415,933 4519:The Left 4505:119,753 4499:111,353 4481:174,263 4475:187,389 4265:Religion 4196:Language 4151:American 3679:Portugal 3517:Bulgaria 3332:(33.02) 3263:Average 2834:1,588.6 2744:Average 2645:(31.58) 2576:Average 2571:(−10.1) 2511:(−10.1) 2151:(104.5) 2126:(101.8) 2121:(104.5) 2016:Köppen: 1977:, Vingst 1768:KölnTurm 1716:such as 1649:after a 1608:Monschau 1592:Siegburg 1339:electors 1224:Cologne 1062:Neustria 992:Postumus 888:and the 689:and the 384:District 297:Cologne 265:Cologne 120:and the 47:Cologne 13826:Cologne 13760:Warburg 13690:Rosheim 13675:Obernai 13670:Munster 13655:Lucerne 13625:Herford 13620:Hagenau 13590:Cambrai 13510:Wimpfen 13505:Wetzlar 13370:Kempten 13350:Hamburg 13340:Giengen 13305:Cologne 13255:By 1792 13234:of the 13180:Antwerp 13169:Cologne 13140:Polotsk 13125:Herford 13110:Ipswich 13100:Bristol 13026:Antwerp 13001:Bryggen 12992:Kontore 12965:Zutphen 12948:Münster 12914:Cologne 12889:(Toruń) 12863:Cracow 12843:Elbing 12837:(Tartu) 12835:Dorpat 12648:Rostock 12629:Hamburg 12593:Wendish 12582:italics 12576:of the 12423:Potsdam 12368:Koblenz 12288:Bottrop 12257:Rostock 12242:Münster 12217:Krefeld 12116:Leipzig 12111:Hanover 12091:Dresden 12060:Hamburg 12055:Cologne 11933:Bavaria 11893:Viersen 11804:Kleve ( 11789:Herford 11702:Münster 11697:Mülheim 11682:Krefeld 11675:Cologne 11628:Bottrop 11539:Mülheim 11479:Cologne 11431:Koblenz 11390:Cologne 10968:26 July 10916:24 July 10834:18 July 10774:20 June 10625:28 July 10584:24 July 10420:26 July 9266:24 July 9187:24 July 9143:1 April 8957:24 July 8861:Reuters 8684:20 June 8296:Corinto 8257:Beijing 8229:twinned 8089:in the 8085:or the 8029:3. Liga 7963:(WDR), 7518:Railway 7502:Cycling 7287:(TMG), 7246:Gothaer 7226:Taschen 7149:Economy 7071:Gestapo 6968:Museums 6962:Altbier 6703:Picasso 6659:Kolumba 6643:Culture 6309:Floors 6183:Bridges 6100:Streets 5896:of the 5847:Tourism 5651:Member 5628:In the 5491:Member 5468:In the 5072:10,261 5037:18,272 5012:20,783 5009:(Volt) 4982:21,965 4952:27,044 4917:89,659 4882:90,040 4593:14,122 4575:14,370 4559:17,441 4541:18,520 4523:29,810 4255:dialect 4138:African 4116:138,961 4103:283,960 4092:436,660 4081:Number 3993:967,940 3982:953,551 3971:976,694 3960:847,037 3949:803,616 3938:603,283 3927:733,500 3916:740,082 3905:657,175 3894:516,527 3886:+157.2% 3883:372,229 3872:144,722 3769:Austria 3751:Morocco 3661:Croatia 3589:Romania 3449:12,634 3445:Ukraine 3431:21,351 3413:57,135 3327:(2.80) 3322:(2.64) 3317:(2.64) 3312:(2.95) 3307:(2.95) 3302:(3.38) 3297:(3.57) 3292:(2.84) 3287:(2.12) 3282:(2.54) 3277:(2.13) 3272:(2.44) 3253:(17.1) 3248:(24.4) 3243:(30.6) 3238:(38.3) 3233:(44.2) 3228:(45.7) 3223:(40.5) 3218:(34.3) 3213:(26.2) 3208:(22.6) 3203:(16.0) 3198:(13.5) 3188:(42.4) 3183:(32.7) 3178:(37.6) 3173:(44.1) 3168:(49.6) 3163:(54.7) 3158:(55.8) 3153:(51.8) 3148:(46.6) 3143:(39.6) 3138:(35.6) 3133:(30.7) 3128:(30.9) 3118:(50.5) 3113:(37.9) 3108:(43.3) 3103:(51.1) 3098:(58.1) 3093:(64.6) 3088:(65.8) 3083:(61.9) 3078:(57.2) 3073:(49.5) 3068:(43.3) 3063:(37.2) 3058:(36.7) 3048:(58.6) 3043:(42.6) 3038:(49.1) 3033:(59.2) 3028:(67.8) 3023:(75.2) 3018:(75.9) 3013:(71.4) 3008:(66.7) 3003:(59.2) 2998:(51.6) 2993:(44.1) 2988:(41.7) 2978:(93.4) 2973:(55.0) 2968:(61.5) 2963:(71.4) 2958:(79.5) 2953:(89.6) 2948:(90.1) 2943:(87.4) 2938:(81.9) 2933:(74.7) 2928:(66.2) 2923:(57.2) 2918:(54.5) 2640:(2.72) 2635:(2.50) 2630:(2.55) 2625:(2.63) 2620:(3.28) 2615:(3.44) 2610:(3.40) 2605:(2.44) 2600:(1.90) 2595:(2.17) 2590:(2.12) 2585:(2.43) 2566:(−0.4) 2561:(13.3) 2556:(21.2) 2551:(29.7) 2546:(35.4) 2541:(37.2) 2536:(31.1) 2531:(26.8) 2526:(16.2) 2516:(−2.6) 2501:(10.8) 2496:(19.2) 2491:(25.2) 2486:(30.6) 2481:(38.7) 2476:(44.4) 2471:(45.9) 2466:(41.4) 2461:(33.6) 2456:(26.4) 2451:(22.5) 2446:(17.6) 2441:(15.6) 2431:(42.9) 2426:(33.8) 2421:(38.3) 2416:(44.2) 2411:(49.5) 2406:(55.0) 2401:(55.9) 2396:(52.2) 2391:(46.6) 2386:(40.1) 2381:(35.6) 2376:(32.2) 2371:(32.0) 2361:(51.3) 2356:(38.8) 2351:(44.1) 2346:(51.4) 2341:(58.6) 2336:(65.3) 2331:(66.2) 2326:(62.8) 2321:(57.4) 2316:(50.7) 2311:(44.1) 2306:(38.5) 2301:(37.4) 2291:(59.7) 2286:(43.7) 2281:(49.6) 2276:(59.4) 2271:(68.7) 2266:(76.1) 2261:(76.8) 2256:(72.9) 2251:(67.5) 2246:(61.0) 2241:(52.5) 2236:(45.0) 2231:(42.6) 2221:(95.7) 2216:(55.8) 2211:(62.2) 2206:(72.1) 2201:(81.3) 2196:(90.9) 2191:(91.8) 2186:(89.1) 2181:(82.8) 2176:(76.5) 2171:(67.5) 2166:(58.1) 2161:(55.6) 2146:(62.1) 2141:(68.4) 2136:(81.7) 2131:(91.6) 2116:(98.2) 2111:(93.9) 2106:(87.4) 2101:(77.5) 2096:(69.8) 2091:(61.2) 1998:Climate 1981:Mülheim 1963:Zündorf 1759:LUPOSTA 1685:. With 1584:Münster 1485:During 1388:) with 1263:in 1632 1255:by the 1028:in the 916:History 850:Prussia 833:of the 798:Cologne 786:Colonia 595:Cologne 581:Website 395:Founded 377:Cologne 353:Germany 349:Country 13770:Zürich 13755:Verdun 13750:Verden 13645:Landau 13635:Kolmar 13585:Brakel 13490:Wangen 13475:Speyer 13390:Lübeck 13385:Lindau 13345:Goslar 13295:Buchau 13290:Bremen 13265:Aachen 13184:Bruges 13115:Kaunas 13105:Boston 13066:Vitten 13042:London 13029: 13019:Bruges 13006:Bergen 12970:Zwolle 12943:Kampen 12887:Thorn 12881:(Rīga) 12871:Reval 12811:Danzig 12801:Baltic 12773:Goslar 12762:Erfurt 12756:Bremen 12750:Berlin 12697:Wismar 12669:Stolp 12618:Demmin 12613:Anklam 12603:Lübeck 12458:Siegen 12222:Lübeck 12207:Kassel 12182:Erfurt 12157:Bochum 12142:Aachen 12081:Bremen 12065:Munich 12050:Berlin 11978:Saxony 11943:Bremen 11806:Cleves 11799:Höxter 11754:Borken 11749:Aachen 11673:Köln ( 11618:Bochum 11608:Aachen 11531:VIII. 11515:Nippes 11401:Siegen 11379:Aachen 10727:2 June 9866: 9832: 9738:7 July 9542: 9426:9 June 9367: 9239:6 June 8994:dw.com 8975: 8927: 8562:Dnipro 8231:with: 8112:, the 8098:Toyota 8079:rowing 8011:. The 7983:Sports 7616:S-Bahn 7582:London 7428:Major 7309:Kölsch 7289:Toyota 7242:Gen Re 7232:, and 7161:, 2008 7095:stones 7091:Eryops 6994:Roman 6958:Kölsch 6883:Farina 6871:Farina 6852:Kölsch 6848:Kölsch 6755:, the 6713:. 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