Psychological warfare

2168: 93: 2911:, was a Vietnamese radio personality. She made English-language broadcasts for North Vietnam directed at United States troops. During the Vietnam War, Ngọ became famous among US soldiers for her propaganda broadcasts on Radio Hanoi. Her scripts were written by the North Vietnamese Army and were intended to frighten and shame the soldiers into leaving their posts. She made three broadcasts a day, reading a list of newly killed or imprisoned Americans, and playing popular US anti-war songs in an effort to incite feelings of nostalgia and homesickness, attempting to persuade US GIs that the US involvement in the Vietnam War was unjust and immoral. A typical broadcast began as follows: 3542: 2752: 45: 2926: 2873: 3093: 2829: 3211:(the predecessor to the American CIA) and in his book, attempts to analyze how effective the various strategies were. He concludes that there is little evidence that any of them were dramatically successful, except perhaps surrender instructions over loudspeakers when victory was imminent. Measuring the success or failure of psychological warfare is very hard, as the conditions are very far from being a controlled experiment. 2363: 3558: 3651: 3608:, responsible for Covert Action and "Special Activities". These special activities include covert political influence (which includes psychological operations) and paramilitary operations. SAC's political influence group is the only US unit allowed to conduct these operations covertly and is considered the primary unit in this area. 3269:, terrorism weakens the sense of security and disturbs daily life, damaging the target country's capability to function. Terrorism is a strategy that aims to influence public opinion into pressuring leaders to give in to the terrorists' demands, and the population becomes a tool to advance the political agenda. 2234:

destruction if they refused to surrender. If they had to fight to take the settlement, the Mongol generals fulfilled their threats and massacred the survivors. Tales of the encroaching horde spread to the next villages and created an aura of insecurity that undermined the possibility of future resistance.

3526:

In March 2019, it emerged that the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL) of the UK's Ministry of Defence (MoD) is tendering to arms companies and universities for £70M worth of assistance under a project to develop new methods of psychological warfare. The project is known as the human and

3237:

Lerner says grey and black operations ultimately have a heavy cost, in that the target population sooner or later recognizes them as propaganda and discredits the source. He writes, "This is one of the few dogmas advanced by Sykewarriors that is likely to endure as an axiom of propaganda: Credibility

2685:

was greatly influenced by the psychological tactics of warfare the British had employed during World War I, and attributed the defeat of Germany to the effects this propaganda had on the soldiers. He became committed to the use of mass propaganda to influence the minds of the German population in the

2237:

Genghis Khan also employed tactics that made his numbers seem greater than they actually were. During night operations he ordered each soldier to light three torches at dusk to give the illusion of an overwhelming army and deceive and intimidate enemy scouts. He also sometimes had objects tied to the

3635:

A U.S. Army field manual released in January 2013 states that "Inform and Influence Activities" are critical for describing, directing, and leading military operations. Several Army Division leadership staff are assigned to “planning, integration and synchronization of designated information-related

3631:

also plans and executes limited PSYOP missions. United States PSYOP units and soldiers of all branches of the military are prohibited by law from targeting U.S. citizens with PSYOP within the borders of the United States (Executive Order S-1233, DOD Directive S-3321.1, and National Security Decision

3324:

loyalists, as well as flex its economic and military muscle to persuade other nations to act in the Chinese government's interests. The Chinese government also tries to control the media to keep a tight hold on propaganda efforts for its people. The Chinese government also utilizes cognitive warfare

2915:

How are you, GI Joe? It seems to me that most of you are poorly informed about the going of the war, to say nothing about a correct explanation of your presence over here. Nothing is more confused than to be ordered into a war to die or to be maimed for life without the faintest idea of what's going

3078:

In operations in the South and East China Seas, both the United States and China have been engaged in "cognitive warfare", which involves displays of force, staged photographs and sharing disinformation. The start of the public use of "cognitive warfare" as a clear movement occurred in 2013 with

2844:" anti-espionage operation had proven very successful from the outset of the war, and the LCS was able to use double agents to send back misleading information about Allied invasion plans. The use of visual deception, including mock tanks and other military hardware had been developed during the 2233:

in the 13th century AD employed less subtle techniques. Defeating the will of the enemy before having to attack and reaching a consented settlement was preferable to facing his wrath. The Mongol generals demanded submission to the Khan and threatened the initially captured villages with complete

3251:

discusses psychological warfare as a common peace policy practice between nations as a form of indirect aggression. This type of propaganda drains the public opinion of an opposing regime by stripping away its power on public opinion. This form of aggression is hard to defend against because no

2218:

and held on to his territorial gains by co-opting local elites into the Greek administration and culture. Alexander left some of his men behind in each conquered city to introduce Greek culture and oppress dissident views. His soldiers were paid dowries to marry locals in an effort to encourage

3345:

psychological warfare capacities. Deployed in particular to Mali and Afghanistan, its missions "consist in better explaining and accepting the action of French forces in operation with local actors and thus gaining their trust: direct aid to the populations, management of reconstruction sites,

2591:

At the start of the war, the French government took control of the media to suppress negative coverage. Only in 1916, with the establishment of the Maison de la Presse, did they begin to use similar tactics for the purpose of psychological warfare. One of its sections was the "Service de la

2707:

plan of invasion of Czechoslovakia had a large part dealing with psychological warfare aimed both at the Czechoslovak civilians and government as well as, crucially, at Czechoslovakia's allies. It became successful to the point that Germany gained support of UK and France through

3074:

in an influence operation in Central Asia and the Middle East. Their posts, primarily in Arabic, Farsi and Russian, criticized Iran, China and Russia and gave pro-Western narratives. Data suggested the activity was a series of covert campaigns rather than a single operation.

2153:

Mass communication such as radio allows for direct communication with an enemy populace, and therefore has been used in many efforts. Social media channels and the internet allow for campaigns of disinformation and misinformation performed by agents anywhere in the world.

3496:). The Psychological Operations Group comprises over 150 personnel, approximately 75 from the regular Armed Services and 75 from the Reserves. The Group supports deployed commanders in the provision of psychological operations in operational and tactical environments. 3369:

is responsible for PSYOP efforts. The center is subordinate to the Cyber and Information Domain Service branch alongside multiple IT and Electronic Warfare battalions and consists of around 1000 soldiers. One project of the German PSYOP forces is the radio station

2863:

caught German defences unaware. Continuing deception, portraying the landings as a diversion from a forthcoming main invasion in the Calais region, led Hitler into delaying transferring forces from Calais to the real battleground for nearly seven weeks.

2238:

tails of his horses, so that riding on open and dry fields raised a cloud of dust that gave the enemy the impression of great numbers. His soldiers used arrows specially notched to whistle as they flew through the air, creating a terrifying noise.

5198: 2291:

This ruse appears to have been well known in medieval Europe: defenders in castles or towns under siege would throw food from the walls to show besiegers that provisions were plentiful. A famous example occurs in the 8th-century legend of

2241:

Another tactic favored by the Mongols was catapulting severed human heads over city walls to frighten the inhabitants and spread disease in the besieged city's closed confines. This was especially used by the later Turko-Mongol chieftain.

3238:

is a condition of persuasion. Before you can make a man do as you say, you must make him believe what you say." Consistent with this idea, the Allied strategy in World War II was predominantly one of truth (with certain exceptions).

2743:

campaign through several radio stations which were designed to be popular with German troops while at the same time introducing news material that would weaken their morale under a veneer of authenticity. British Prime Minister

2767:, and the London Controlling Section, chartered in 1942 under the control of John Bevan. Clarke pioneered many of the strategies of military deception. His ideas for combining fictional orders of battle, visual deception and 2330:

had his relief force return to the city by night while playing marching music and carrying torches in loose formations, so they would appear to be a much larger army to any nearby enemy. They reached the city unopposed.

3957: 3522:

covertly manipulating online communities. This is in line with JTRIG's goal: to "destroy, deny, degrade disrupt" enemies by "discrediting" them, planting misinformation and shutting down their communications.

2287:

by fattening up a pair of mules and driving them out of the besieged city. When Alyattes' envoy was then sent to Priene, Bias had piles of sand covered with wheat to give the impression of plentiful resources.

2817:) were undertaken in the English Channel. Small ships and aircraft simulated invasion fleets lying off Pas de Calais, Cap d'Antifer and the western flank of the real invasion force. At the same time 2748:

made use of radio broadcasts for propaganda against the Germans. Churchill favoured deception; he said "In wartime, truth is so precious that she should always be attended by a bodyguard of lies.".

5206: 3256:"Here the propagandists is dealing with a foreign adversary whose morale he seeks to destroy by psychological means so that the opponent begins to doubt the validity of his beliefs and actions." 3585:

actions having the primary purpose of influencing the opinions, emotions, attitudes, and behavior of hostile foreign groups in such a way as to support the achievement of national objectives."

5330: 2782:

set out a general strategy to mislead German high command as to the date and location of the invasion, which was obviously going to happen. Planning began in 1943 under the auspices of the

5698: 2763:

During World War II, the British made extensive use of deception – developing many new techniques and theories. The main protagonists at this time were 'A' Force, set up in 1940 under

2346:

against the Swedes. Although probably apocryphal, he apparently succeeded in making his small force appear larger and feed disinformation to his opponents, similar to the Operations

8596: 8516: 2419:

that maintained good relations with many nations around the world, in contrast to the reputation of the German services. While German attempts to foment revolution in parts of the

2566:

had distributed almost 26 million leaflets. The Germans began shooting the leaflet-dropping pilots, prompting the British to develop unmanned leaflet balloons that drifted across

2150:, and is not just limited to soldiers. Civilians of foreign territories can also be targeted by technology and media so as to cause an effect on the government of their country. 3346:

actions of communication of influence with the population, elites and local elected officials". The center has capacities for analysis, influence, expertise and instruction.

5785:

Holzmann, Ashley F. "Artists of War: A History of United States Propaganda, Psychological Warfare, Psychological Operations and a Proposal for Its Ever-Changing Future."

2904:, the United States also used tapes of distorted human sounds and played them during the night making the Vietnamese soldiers think that the dead were back for revenge. 3338: 2519:

was appointed Director of Propaganda in Enemy Countries. The department was split between propaganda against Germany organized by H.G Wells, and propaganda against the

2092:. The term is used "to denote any action which is practiced mainly by psychological methods with the aim of evoking a planned psychological reaction in other people". 5149: 2486:. Over 1,160 pamphlets were published during the war and distributed to neutral countries, and eventually, to Germany. One of the first significant publications, the 2199:, the Persian forces used cats and other animals as a psychological tactic against the Egyptians, who avoided harming cats due to religious belief and superstitions. 8621: 4749: 5975: 3042:

found that over five years people associated with the U.S. military, who tried to conceal their identities, created fake accounts on social media systems including

8457: 8452: 8447: 2408:; they had one of the world's most reputable news systems, with much experience in international and cross-cultural communication, and they controlled much of the 2686:

decades to come. By calling his movement The Third Reich, he was able to convince many civilians that his cause was not just a fad, but the way of their future.

2253:, sent small reinforcements in the form of a continuous stream, giving the impression that a large force would accumulate eventually if not swiftly dealt with. 8140: 3982: 7913: 5988: 3372: 3207:

Most of these techniques were developed during World War II or earlier, and have been used to some degree in every conflict since. Daniel Lerner was in the

8782: 5625: 3233:(commissions of falsification): Inherently deceitful, information given in the product is attributed to a source that was not responsible for its creation. 3227:(omissions, emphasis and racial/ethnic/religious bias): Largely truthful, containing no information that can be proven wrong; the source is not identified. 57: 4025:

Doob, Leonard W. "The Strategies Of Psychological Warfare." Public Opinion Quarterly 13.4 (1949): 635–644. SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 20 February 2015.

3573:

weapon to influence the mind of the enemy. The weapons are psychological only in the effect they produce and not because of the weapons themselves." The

3440:(IDF). The IDF's psyops account had been the source of a number of noteworthy reports that were afterwards cited by the Israeli and international media. 2570:. At least one in seven of these leaflets were not handed in by the soldiers to their superiors, despite severe penalties for that offence. Even General 5530: 3639:

In September 2022, the DoD launched an audit of covert information warfare after social media companies identified a suspected U.S. military operation.

3632:

Directive 130). While United States Army PSYOP units may offer non-PSYOP support to domestic military missions, they can only target foreign audiences.

8464: 4249: 4827: 8437: 7989: 4610: 2900:) personnel and terrorizing any potential sympathizers or passive supporters. During the Phoenix Program, over 19,000 NLF supporters were killed. In 4800: 8332: 5715: 5109:

Hung, Tzu-Chieh; Hung, Tzu-Wei (2022-07-19). "How China's Cognitive Warfare Works: A Frontline Perspective of Taiwan's Anti-Disinformation Wars".

4896: 3243: 2691: 2167: 5597:

From "Overall Strategic Plan for the United States' Psychological Warfare, " 1 March 1943, JCS Records, Strategic Issues, Reel 11. Quoted in

3565:

The term psychological warfare is believed to have migrated from Germany to the United States in 1941. During World War II, the United States

8645: 8601: 8407: 8082: 5486: 4771: 3012: 8628: 7029: 6015: 4542: 2400:

At the start of the war, the belligerents, especially the British and Germans, began distributing propaganda, both domestically and on the

2385:. By that point, Western societies were increasingly educated and urbanized, and mass media was available in the form of large circulation 8877: 8670: 8611: 3589:

This definition indicates that a critical element of the U.S. psychological operations capabilities includes propaganda and by extension

3480:

The British were one of the first major military powers to use psychological warfare in the First and Second World Wars. In the current

8902: 8425: 8317: 7984: 5880: 2907:

The Vietcong and their forces also used a program of psychological warfare during this war. Trịnh Thị Ngọ, also known as Thu Hương and

2504: 5503: 2531:; the attempts of the latter focused on the lack of ethnic cohesion in the Empire and stoked the grievances of minorities such as the 8892: 7957: 3935: 2771:

helped define Allied deception strategy during the war, for which he has been referred to as "the greatest British deceiver of WW2".

2183:

Since prehistoric times, warlords and chiefs have recognized the importance of weakening the morale of their opponents. According to

3936:"What's in a Name? Psychological Operations versus Military Information Support Operations and an Analysis of Organizational Change" 7538: 6310: 3536: 3485: 2081: 1016: 17: 5952: 5220: 2798:, faked operations to prepare the ground for invasion and "leaked" misinformation about the Allied order of battle and war plans. 2268:

was used to trick the enemy into believing that an empty location was an ambush, in order to prevent them from attacking it using

8638: 8469: 8432: 8030: 5662: 5384: 4144: 3252:

international court of justice is capable of protecting against psychological aggression since it cannot be legally adjudicated.

1443: 4934:

Romano Jr., James A.; King, James M. (2002). "Chemical warfare and chemical terrorism: psychological and performance outcomes".

2307:, Spanish captain Hernán Pérez del Pulgar routinely employed psychological tactics as part of his guerrilla actions against the 8387: 8040: 3593:. Joint Publication 3–53 establishes specific policy to use public affairs mediums to counter propaganda from foreign origins. 3110: 5459: 4846: 3503:, has since grown significantly in size to meet operational requirements, and since 2015 has been one of the sub-units of the 8321: 5608: 5410:

Jolly, Stephen (October 2000). Minshall, David (ed.). "Wearing the Stag's Head Badge: British Combat Propaganda since 1945".

5040: 5026: 4994: 4525: 4471: 4389: 3785: 3173:

Projecting repetitive and disturbing noises and music for long periods at high volume towards groups under siege like during

2451: 2131:

tactics. It is also used to destroy the morale of enemies through tactics that aim to depress troops' psychological states.

7193: 5358: 5157: 2698:

figure for the redemption of Germany. Hitler also coupled this with the resonating projections of his orations for effect.

4697: 8591: 7994: 7801: 1799: 92: 2311:. In 1490, infiltrating the city by night with a small retinue of soldiers, he nailed a letter of challenge on the main 8497: 8062: 5354: 5111: 4443: 4416: 1994: 1772: 387: 4723: 8279: 7892: 5804: 5779: 5764: 5050: 5006: 4278: 4120: 3132: 1448: 5844: 2852:; in particular, dummy landing craft were stockpiled to give the impression that the invasion would take place near 8832: 8177: 7022: 6966: 6008: 4001: 2462:

at Wellington House. A distinguished body of literary talent was enlisted for the task, with its members including

1526: 5886: 3007:

on a wide scale. Analysts have found evidence of doctored or misleading photographs spread by social media in the

2202:

Currying favor with supporters was the other side of psychological warfare, and an early practitioner of this was

8650: 7979: 7947: 7465: 6959: 6747: 5866: 5074: 3824: 3015:, possibly with state involvement. Military and governments have engaged in psychological operations (PSYOP) and 2713: 1871: 1509: 1296: 141: 5629: 2969:

by delivering unlicensed TV broadcasts. The United States government has used propaganda broadcasts against the

2840:

The deceptions were implemented with the use of double agents, radio traffic and visual deception. The British "

2794:

was intended to convince the Germans of a greater Allied military strength than was the case, through fictional

8887: 8862: 8660: 8633: 8570: 8089: 5626:"Glossary of Relevant Terms & Acronyms Propaganda and Psychological Warfare Studies University of Leeds UK" 5293: 3858: 3836: 3114: 2611:, which had been heavily edited in the German newspapers, was distributed via airborne leaflets by the French. 2123:

or reinforce attitudes and behaviors favorable to the originator's objectives, and are sometimes combined with

1635: 5689:

Executive Secrets: Covert Action and the Presidency, William J. Daugherty, University of Kentucky Press, 2004.

5250: 8767: 8511: 8392: 8198: 5895: 4936: 3624: 3504: 3297: 3039: 2409: 2096: 2052: 1499: 5961: 5919: 4828:"Beijing using 'cognitive warfare' to sway Taiwan public opinion by feeding it misinformation, warns report" 3959:

Psychological warfare; an introduction to ideological propaganda and the techniques of psychological warfare

3600:

psychological operations is to induce or reinforce attitudes and behaviors favorable to US objectives. The

3541: 3221:(omissions and emphasis): Truthful and not strongly biased, where the source of information is acknowledged. 2703: 8665: 8420: 8327: 7699: 7531: 7340: 3605: 3208: 1989: 693: 453: 5433: 2618:

were slow to use these techniques; however, at the start of the war the Germans succeeded in inducing the

2578:

admitted to being disillusioned by the propaganda leaflets that depicted the use of German troops as mere

8777: 8772: 8222: 8009: 8004: 7709: 7614: 7015: 6770: 6001: 5851:

Song, Tae Eun. "Information/Psychological Warfare in the Russia-Ukraine War: Overview and Implications."

5172: 4598: 3841: 3493: 2728: 2528: 2401: 2390: 2207: 2188: 1999: 1186: 988: 859: 397: 5928: 2496:, both actual and alleged, committed by the German army against Belgian civilians. A Dutch illustrator, 8787: 8217: 7660: 7573: 7074: 4641: 3755: 3616: 3574: 3464: 3293: 2783: 1463: 3019:(IW) on social networking platforms to regulate foreign propaganda, which includes countries like the 2296:, who supposedly persuaded the Franks to abandon a five-year siege by this means and gave her name to 8872: 8704: 8680: 7744: 7410: 7355: 6727: 6088: 3887: 3601: 3436:

purportedly dedicated to "Arab affairs", was actually run by a Jewish Israeli paid consultant to the

3341:

is an organization made up of 300 soldiers whose mission is to assure to the four service arm of the

2544: 1573: 1081: 430: 304: 158: 8897: 8792: 8606: 8474: 7603: 7186: 6266: 6261: 5487:

Controversial GCHQ Unit Engaged in Domestic Law Enforcement, Online Propaganda, Psychology Research

4674: 3153: 3024: 2901: 2732: 2712:

to occupy Czechoslovakia without having to fight an all-out war, sustaining only minimum losses in

2272:. This tactic also relied on luck, should the enemy believe that the location is a threat to them. 2080:), has been known by many other names or terms, including Military Information Support Operations ( 2024: 1891: 1438: 1131: 949: 797: 5985: 5072:

Chung, Youngjune (2021-07-05). "Allusion, reasoning and luring in Chinese psychological warfare".

4669: 2316: 8718: 8675: 8557: 8547: 8035: 7899: 7838: 7640: 7524: 7270: 6991: 6928: 6639: 6576: 6518: 6460: 6450: 6163: 6148: 4084:

The Wisdom of Alexander the Great: Enduring Leadership Lessons From the Man Who Created an Empire

3680: 3675: 3628: 3174: 3103: 2584: 2520: 2323: 1977: 1959: 1715: 1274: 1196: 1141: 739: 402: 4855:

Article has detailed analysis of development, risks, and countering of brain-centred techniques.

4550: 3557: 8415: 8377: 8342: 8067: 7808: 7724: 7455: 7425: 7375: 7300: 7213: 6644: 6340: 5940: 4750:"Meta Report: US Military Behind Online Influence Campaign Targeting Central Asia, Middle East" 3892: 3780: 3700: 3453: 2802: 2786:(LCS). A draft strategy, referred to as Plan Jael, was presented to Allied high command at the 2751: 1844: 1819: 1541: 1453: 1326: 1201: 802: 779: 225: 124: 31: 4433: 4337: 2412:

system then in operation. These capabilities were easily transitioned to the task of warfare.

44: 8882: 8760: 8565: 8354: 8150: 8072: 8057: 7952: 7884: 7876: 7813: 7739: 7704: 7630: 7415: 7365: 7345: 7202: 6911: 6863: 6843: 6752: 6536: 6420: 5861:

Voloshin, Nikolay, and Leyla Garaybeli. "Putin's Psychological Warfare in Ukraine and Syria"

4587:

in the mouth of the deceased as a calling card, with the aim of striking fear into the enemy.

4406: 4110: 3846: 3566: 3437: 3312: 2845: 2600:". The French tended to distribute leaflets of images only, although the full publication of 2540: 2220: 1433: 1366: 1319: 973: 936: 899: 817: 653: 463: 271: 180: 8479: 8047: 7380: 7290: 7052: 6878: 6669: 6619: 6355: 6350: 6320: 6183: 5856: 5312: 4459: 3695: 3685: 3481: 3300:'s military strategy. This type of warfare is rooted in the Chinese Stratagems outlined by 3287: 2938: 2775: 2667: 2516: 1824: 1726: 1583: 1578: 1396: 1361: 1096: 916: 774: 710: 564: 534: 131: 53: 38: 4150: 3912: 3416:

government and its military make use of psychological warfare. In 2021, Israeli newspaper

8: 8867: 8807: 8542: 8372: 8160: 8077: 8014: 7764: 7480: 7310: 7285: 7235: 7179: 7146: 7081: 7067: 6838: 6828: 6785: 6556: 6383: 6345: 6241: 5265:"اسناد افشاشده خبرگزاری فارس: بهره‌برداری حکومت از جام‌جهانی برای مقابله با خیزش انقلابی" 4326:(1st ed.), Prague: Nakladatelství epocha, Pražská vydavatelská společnost, p. 9 3765: 3745: 3725: 3710: 3429: 3401: 3342: 3059: 3016: 2841: 2791: 2779: 2756: 2571: 2492:

of 1915, had a great effect on general opinion across the world. The pamphlet documented

2347: 2335: 2265: 2203: 2172: 1675: 1660: 1536: 1423: 1401: 1376: 1336: 1246: 1056: 961: 911: 678: 668: 633: 425: 415: 185: 109: 5251:"«عملیات جام‌جهانی»؛ از کی‌روش برای «مقابله با اعتراض احتمالی بازیکنان» استفاده شده است" 2554:

detailing their humane conditions, surrender notices and general propaganda against the

8248: 8238: 8052: 7906: 7779: 7754: 7593: 7440: 7435: 7420: 7245: 7038: 6949: 6712: 6611: 6601: 6551: 6470: 6251: 6246: 6138: 6024: 5815: 5748: 5651: 5580: 5228: 4979: 4953: 4913: 4487: 4065: 3882: 3775: 3770: 3760: 3720: 3620: 3612: 2981:. However, the Cuban government has been successful at jamming the signal of TV Marti. 2860: 2593: 2463: 2447: 2416: 2343: 2339: 2308: 2269: 2009: 1864: 1784: 1705: 1650: 1625: 1546: 1492: 1458: 1389: 1306: 1216: 1121: 1066: 956: 921: 874: 749: 720: 673: 611: 586: 420: 234: 153: 5388: 4036: 8685: 8367: 7848: 7828: 7796: 7677: 7655: 7610: 7578: 7490: 7405: 7335: 7230: 7141: 6858: 6795: 6571: 6541: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6398: 6378: 6236: 6221: 6173: 6118: 5970: 5905: 5834: 5800: 5775: 5760: 5604: 5584: 5572: 5415: 5128: 5091: 5046: 5022: 5002: 4990: 4957: 4917: 4521: 4495: 4467: 4439: 4412: 4385: 4274: 4116: 3993: 3656: 3590: 2896:

had the dual aim of assassinating National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (NLF or

2818: 2787: 2745: 2455: 2389:

and posters. It was also possible to transmit propaganda to the enemy via the use of

2351: 2284: 2192: 2143: 2085: 2045: 1954: 1901: 1804: 1794: 1789: 1759: 1742: 1737: 1710: 1655: 1356: 1346: 1341: 1331: 1251: 1241: 1236: 1211: 1181: 1071: 1041: 1036: 1026: 1021: 1011: 926: 879: 849: 688: 481: 458: 392: 7516: 5279:"اسناد افشاشده؛ برنامه‌ریزی حکومت برای دور نگه داشتن تیم فوتبال از ایران اینترنشنال" 2404:. The British had several advantages that allowed them to succeed in the battle for 2014: 7967: 7942: 7791: 7759: 7684: 7505: 7460: 7320: 7255: 7240: 6996: 6820: 6800: 6702: 6664: 6649: 6440: 6415: 6289: 6271: 6231: 6128: 6043: 5564: 5555:

Wall, Tyler (18 August 2010). "U.S. Psychological Warfare and Civilian Targeting".

5294:"محتوای دو سند هک‌شده از خبرگزاری فارس: تهدید بازیکنان تیم ملی و استفاده از کی‌روش" 5120: 5083: 4945: 4905: 4568: 3690: 3230: 3218: 3008: 2740: 2724: 2717: 2663: 2592:

Propagande aérienne" (Aerial Propaganda Service), headed by Professor Tonnelat and

2567: 2551: 2497: 2488: 2471: 2459: 2370: 2250: 2230: 2124: 2120: 2019: 1984: 1916: 1809: 1747: 1640: 1568: 1561: 1418: 1351: 1301: 1291: 1166: 1086: 1046: 1031: 998: 983: 854: 839: 792: 700: 658: 601: 596: 554: 377: 354: 261: 190: 119: 102: 5841:

Science of Coercion: Communication Research & Psychological Warfare, 1945–1960

5652:"Information Operations and Counter-Propaganda: Making a Weapon of Public Affairs" 8575: 8362: 8126: 7962: 7774: 7395: 6986: 6971: 6916: 6737: 6513: 6360: 6335: 6300: 6143: 5965: 5923: 5568: 4981:

Psychological warfare against Nazi Germany: the Sykewar Campaign, D-Day to VE-Day

4772:"Unheard Voice: Evaluating five years of pro-Western covert influence operations" 4381: 4373: 4268: 4225: 3870: 3665: 3511: 3470: 3449: 3424: 3224: 2893: 2687: 2608: 2575: 2493: 2479: 2467: 2394: 2374: 2327: 1829: 1814: 1732: 1688: 1630: 1286: 1281: 1171: 1161: 1076: 1051: 993: 834: 764: 754: 606: 591: 514: 486: 286: 266: 114: 4301: 8655: 8537: 8165: 7818: 7598: 7588: 7551: 7547: 7385: 7295: 7280: 7225: 7161: 7111: 7093: 7057: 6868: 6732: 6717: 6679: 6659: 6596: 6435: 6410: 6315: 6198: 6178: 6133: 6111: 5945: 5790: 4894:

Boaz, Gaynor (April 2004). "Terrorism as a strategy of psychological warfare".

4646: 4580: 4250:"The Battle for the Mind: German and British Propaganda in the First World War" 3807: 3735: 3705: 3306: 3283: 3035: 3004: 2978: 2888:

The United States ran an extensive program of psychological warfare during the

2635: 2623: 2615: 2604: 2440: 2420: 2276: 2176: 2004: 1752: 1176: 1136: 1114: 1101: 1091: 1061: 978: 931: 734: 725: 616: 569: 549: 539: 509: 476: 364: 321: 276: 148: 81: 5313:"انتقال «۱۷ زندانی» به انفرادی برای حکم اعدام؛ کیهان خواستار حبس علی کریمی شد" 4949: 4865: 3569:

defined psychological warfare broadly, stating "Psychological warfare employs

2095:

Various techniques are used, and are aimed at influencing a target audience's

37:"Psywar" redirects here. For the song by the Norwegian metal band Mayhem, see 8856: 8797: 8755: 8145: 7749: 7689: 7330: 7325: 6976: 6933: 6742: 6722: 6561: 6305: 6153: 6058: 5576: 5419: 5132: 5095: 4584: 4499: 3997: 3597: 3582: 3248: 3055: 3028: 2989: 2877: 2764: 2736: 2579: 2524: 2405: 2196: 1851: 1839: 1695: 1615: 1531: 1514: 1371: 1226: 1206: 889: 884: 864: 844: 759: 730: 705: 581: 559: 544: 519: 359: 281: 244: 239: 136: 5980: 5362: 5124: 3214:

Lerner also divides psychological warfare operations into three categories:

2550:

Aerial leaflets were dropped over German trenches containing postcards from

8397: 8291: 8183: 7843: 7500: 7470: 7430: 7315: 7135: 6981: 6901: 6896: 6780: 6624: 6566: 6546: 6053: 5464: 5177: 5021:, p. xiii.Trans. Konrad Kellen & Jean Lerner. Vintage Books, New York. 4203: 4069: 4061: 3670: 3183: 3000: 2908: 2833: 2768: 2682: 2601: 2475: 2261: 2226: 2139: 2038: 1964: 1944: 1939: 1834: 1779: 1413: 1408: 1231: 1146: 894: 628: 529: 326: 230: 49: 5042:

The Psychology of Terrorism: Clinical aspects and responses – Google Books

4909: 4490:(1981). "Eisenhower, the Intelligence Community, and the D-Day Invasion". 2825:

dropping fake paratroopers to the east and west of the Normandy landings.

2381:

The start of modern psychological operations in war is generally dated to

8690: 8170: 8155: 7999: 7714: 7665: 7635: 7495: 7445: 7360: 7350: 7305: 7260: 6873: 6833: 6684: 6591: 6586: 6455: 6445: 6430: 6256: 6226: 6208: 6073: 5955:– Detailed information about the US Army Psychological Operation Soldiers 5716:"Pentagon opens sweeping review of clandestine psychological operationns" 5087: 4513: 3819: 3740: 3385: 2925: 2889: 2709: 2655: 2650:. The Germans' greatest success was in giving the Russian revolutionary, 2643: 2500:, provided the highly emotional drawings which appeared in the pamphlet. 2483: 2436: 2432: 2382: 2304: 2297: 2293: 2257: 2215: 2108: 1949: 1700: 1665: 1504: 1191: 1156: 869: 812: 715: 499: 220: 215: 7171: 5278: 5264: 3795: 2574:

admitted that "Unsuspectingly, many thousands consumed the poison", and

8817: 8267: 8243: 7974: 7833: 7823: 7786: 7719: 7694: 7370: 7275: 7219: 7062: 6954: 6853: 6810: 6775: 6694: 6634: 6528: 6465: 6284: 6168: 6158: 6083: 6068: 6063: 6038: 4494:. Vol. 64, no. 4. Wisconsin Historical Society. p. 269. 3790: 3730: 3360: 3266: 3189: 3117: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2993: 2958: 2795: 2778:, many new tactics in psychological warfare were devised. The plan for 2555: 2366: 2322:

In 1574, having been informed about the pirate attacks previous to the

2147: 2135: 2128: 2089: 1906: 1876: 1598: 967: 8303: 4866:"Cognitive Warfare: The Forgotten War with Tanguy Struye de Swielande" 8812: 8802: 8521: 8212: 7734: 7650: 7625: 7620: 7007: 6674: 6654: 6629: 6508: 6480: 6393: 6330: 6216: 6078: 6048: 5993: 5933: 5900: 5531:"UK military turns to universities to research psychological warfare" 4986: 4572: 4564: 4186:

Artículos varios sobre etnografía: Historia y costumbres de Filipinas

3750: 3321: 3195: 3164: 3067: 3051: 3043: 2962: 2897: 2881: 2582:. In 1915, the British began airdropping a regular leaflet newspaper 2508: 2386: 2184: 2112: 1896: 1720: 1670: 1620: 1610: 1605: 1470: 1261: 1256: 1221: 663: 349: 316: 205: 3380:. Another is the publication of various newspapers and magazines in 3296:

analysts, attacking the enemy's mind is an important element of the

3092: 2872: 8837: 8827: 8723: 8552: 7400: 7265: 6805: 6581: 6405: 6388: 6325: 6188: 6106: 6098: 5507: 5434:"15 (United Kingdom) Psychological Operations Group: Annual Report" 4606: 3500: 3160: 3047: 2985: 2974: 2942: 2934: 2930: 2828: 2536: 2116: 1911: 1886: 1519: 1151: 1126: 744: 299: 173: 5797:

Psychological Warfare: International Propaganda and Communications

8517:

Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests

8382: 8253: 7672: 7645: 7583: 7390: 7250: 6921: 6906: 6790: 6707: 6425: 6193: 6123: 5958: 5916: 5331:"Israeli Army Employs Popular Blogger for Psyops on Social Media" 5001:

Originally printed by George W. Stewart of New York. Alternative

4097:

The Mongol Warlords: Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, Hulegu, Tamerlane

3715: 3433: 3418: 3377: 3355: 3317: 3301: 3071: 3063: 3020: 2954: 2695: 2659: 2639: 2631: 2559: 2532: 2424: 2393:

or through explosive delivery systems like modified artillery or

2104: 1921: 1881: 1645: 1479: 1475: 822: 807: 683: 344: 339: 309: 248: 210: 4378:

Churchill's Wizards: The British Genius for Deception, 1914–1945

3316:. In its dealings with its rivals, China is expected to utilize 2694:

when Hitler came to power in 1933, and he portrayed Hitler as a

8822: 7485: 7121: 6848: 5807:(1948). Revised second edition, Duell, Sloan and Pearce (1954). 4698:"What We Know—and Don't Know—About Facebook, Trump, and Russia" 3413: 3381: 3326: 2966: 2853: 2671: 2619: 2312: 2211: 2100: 1428: 829: 646: 382: 5745:

Psywarriors : psychological warfare during the Korean War

4435:

D-Day Deception: Operation Fortitude and the Normandy Invasion

4408:

D-Day Deception: Operation Fortitude and the Normandy Invasion

4270:

British Propaganda in the Twentieth Century: Selling Democracy

4223: 4062:

Hostile Influence and Emerging Cognitive Threats in Cyberspace

2362: 8616: 7475: 7116: 6888: 6488: 4642:"Is the U.S. Organizing Salvador-Style Death Squads in Iraq?" 3546: 3515: 2651: 2647: 2627: 2512: 2428: 2280: 904: 440: 435: 5917:

IWS Psychological Operations (PsyOps) / Influence Operations

2965:. The CIA used psychological warfare techniques against the 7729: 6370: 4064:(Report). Centre for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies. 3550: 3519: 3400:

The Iranian government had an operation program to use the

3389: 2992:

campaign to psychologically maim and break the will of the

2970: 2563: 2539:. It had a significant effect on the final collapse of the 2246: 200: 195: 4724:"Revealed: US spy operation that manipulates social media" 2755:

Map depicting the targets of all the subordinate plans of

5976:

The Institute of Heraldry — Psychological Operations

5911: 5504:"Snowden Docs: British Spies Used Sex and 'Dirty Tricks'" 4576: 3604:(SAC) is a division of the Central Intelligence Agency's 3489: 2950: 2822: 2731:

to produce and distribute propaganda. Through the use of

73: 4670:"Countering Disinformation: Russia's Infowar in Ukraine" 4571:

government promoted NLF defections. When members of the

3376:(Sada-e Azadi, Voice of Freedom), heard by thousands of 2435:

allowed the British to successfully induce the Arabs to

5971:

U.S. — PSYOP producing mid-eastern kids comic book

5812:

Psywar : psychological warfare in Korea, 1950-1953

5199:"Le Centre interarmées des actions sur l'environnement" 4801:"US navy sends China the message: 'we're watching you'" 4847:"TikTok is part of China's cognitive warfare campaign" 3611:

Dedicated psychological operations units exist in the

3545:

U.S. Army soldier hands out a newspaper to a local in

2634:. They also attempted to foment rebellion against the 7914:

After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News

7546: 5598: 3499:

The Group was established immediately after the 1991

2588:

for civilians in German-occupied France and Belgium.

8783:

Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act

8111: 4599:"Vietnam-era propagandist 'Hanoi Hannah' dies at 87" 4324:

Boj o pohraničí: Sudetoněmecký Freikorps v roce 1938

4173:

Cincuenta personajes de Ciudad Real para la historia

3962:. United States: William-Frederick Press. p. 13 3646: 27:

Information operations to assist military objectives

5863:

Insights of Pakistan, Iran and the Caucasus Studies

4486: 4041:. United States: Vanderbilt University. p. 289 2945:. The caption reads "This is your future, Zarqawi". 7886:Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy 4978: 4464:The Double-Cross System in the War of 1939 to 1945 3577:(DoD) currently defines psychological warfare as: 3339:Centre interarmées des actions sur l'environnement 2929:An American PSYOP leaflet disseminated during the 8438:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine 7990:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine 5685: 5683: 5144: 5142: 4458: 4266: 4108: 3507:, formerly called the Security Assistance Group. 3404:as a psyop against concurrent people's protests. 3186:in World War II on the "Germany calling" station. 2515:, newspapers, magazines and the cinema. In 1918, 8854: 8333:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos 5757:Frauds, Spies, and Lies – and How to Defeat Them 5659:Strategy Research Project, U.S. Army War College 5603:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 131. 5460:"British army creates team of Facebook warriors" 4897:Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 4372: 4038:U.S Psychological Warfare and Civilian Targeting 3983:"The Nature and Content of a New-Generation War" 2431:, were ineffective, extensive experience in the 5941:"U.S. Adapts Cold-War Idea to Fight Terrorists" 4112:Offense and Defense in the International System 5986:The Nature of Psychological Warfare (CIA 1958) 5680: 5457: 5139: 4972: 4970: 4933: 4146:Lives and Opinions of the Eminent Philosophers 2859:The Operation was a strategic success and the 2503:In 1917, the bureau was subsumed into the new 2375:atrocities committed against Belgian civilians 8646:Election denial movement in the United States 7532: 7187: 7072: 7023: 6009: 4512: 4431: 4404: 4142: 3561:U.S. Army loudspeaker team in action in Korea 3527:social sciences research capability (HSSRC). 3013:2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine 2046: 7091: 5822:The Psychological War for Vietnam, 1960–1968 5323: 5019:Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes 4764: 4742: 4590: 3980: 3358: 3244:Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes 30:"Psyop" redirects here. For other uses, see 7866: 5831:The art of psychological warfare, 1914-1945 5707: 5623: 4967: 4438:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 108. 3167:or supply instructions on how to surrender. 8318:COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines 7539: 7525: 7194: 7180: 7030: 7016: 6016: 6002: 5929:"Pentagon psychological warfare operation" 5787:US Army Command and General Staff College, 5772:World War 3 ... Information Warfare Basics 5451: 5173:"PRC cognitive warfare targets Lai's trip" 5150:"Chinese Military – Psychological Warfare" 4596: 4411:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 70. 3934:Cowan, David; Cook, Chaveso (March 2018). 2735:, broadcasts could be made across Europe. 2053: 2039: 7201: 5713: 5699:"Pentagon gearing up to fight the PR war" 4520:. New York: Overlook Press. p. 238. 4452: 4348: 3933: 3581:"The planned use of propaganda and other 3149:refer to the following military methods: 3133:Learn how and when to remove this message 8671:Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection 5882:Psywar: The Real Battlefield is the Mind 5649: 5628:. University of Leeds UK. Archived from 5496: 5355:"15 (UK) Psychological Operations Group" 5108: 4844: 4540: 4466:. Australian National University Press. 4198: 4196: 4194: 4059: 3955: 3556: 3540: 3537:Psychological operations (United States) 3484:, PsyOps are handled by the tri-service 2924: 2871: 2827: 2750: 2361: 2166: 1017:List of military strategies and concepts 52:era leaflet meant to be dropped from an 43: 8470:Russian Institute for Strategic Studies 5959:IWS — The Information Warfare Site 4480: 4224:Linebarger, Paul Myron Anthony (2006). 3992:. United States: Military Thought: 16. 3990:Military Theory Monthly = Voennaya Mysl 14: 8855: 8597:Attempts to overturn the 2020 election 8388:Soviet influence on the peace movement 7985:Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war 7037: 6023: 5714:Nakashima, Ellen (19 September 2022). 4976: 4321: 4315: 4115:. Transaction Publishers. p. 43. 2654:, free transit on a sealed train from 8744: 8322:ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign 8110: 8023: 7931: 7865: 7562: 7520: 7175: 7011: 5997: 5528: 5485:Greenwald, Glenn and Andrew Fishman. 5409: 5071: 5038: 4889: 4887: 4825: 4191: 3786:Peter Watson (intellectual historian) 3518:group at British intelligence agency 3510:In June 2015, NSA files published by 2264:dynasty in 1st century AD China, the 5912:The history of psychological warfare 5668:from the original on 10 October 2017 5554: 5291: 5170: 4893: 4752:. Voice of America. 24 November 2022 4357: 4034: 3115:adding citations to reliable sources 3086: 8592:1995 CIA disinformation controversy 7802:State-sponsored Internet propaganda 5599:Robert H. Keyserlingk (July 1990). 4184:Isabelo de los Reyes y Florentino, 3388:, where German soldiers serve with 3182:Propaganda radio stations, such as 24: 8878:Information operations and warfare 8063:Misinformation related to abortion 5563:(3). Informa UK Limited: 288–294. 5458:Ewan MacAskill (31 January 2015). 5112:Journal of Global Security Studies 4884: 4826:Chung, Lawrence (5 January 2021). 4613:from the original on 9 August 2019 2072:), or the basic aspects of modern 25: 8914: 8903:Warfare of the late modern period 8280:Voluntary Agency Network of Korea 7893:The KGB and Soviet Disinformation 5873: 4492:The Wisconsin Magazine of History 4432:Barbier, Mary (30 October 2007). 4405:Barbier, Mary (30 October 2007). 3981:Chekinov, S. C.; Bogdanov, S. A. 3486:15 Psychological Operations Group 3475: 2880:leaflets urging the defection of 2774:During the lead-up to the Allied 2596:, an Alsatian artist code-named " 2489:Report on Alleged German Outrages 8893:Psychological warfare techniques 8833:United States Information Agency 8112:Operations and events by country 5310: 5292:فردا, رادیو (28 November 2022). 4845:Farahany, Nita (25 March 2023). 3649: 3530: 3170:Shock and awe military strategy. 3091: 2848:. Mock hardware was created for 91: 8433:Information war against Ukraine 7980:International Jewish conspiracy 7948:Congo Free State propaganda war 6660:Party platforms (or manifestos) 5736: 5692: 5643: 5617: 5591: 5548: 5529:Gayle, Damien (13 March 2019). 5522: 5479: 5426: 5403: 5377: 5347: 5304: 5285: 5271: 5257: 5243: 5213: 5191: 5164: 5102: 5065: 5032: 5011: 4927: 4858: 4838: 4819: 4793: 4716: 4690: 4662: 4634: 4625: 4534: 4506: 4425: 4398: 4366: 4330: 4294: 4260: 4242: 4217: 4178: 4165: 4136: 4102: 3825:Information Research Department 3458: 3367:Zentrum Operative Kommunikation 3200:The threat of chemical weapons. 3102:needs additional citations for 2920: 2677: 8745: 8661:Information Operations Roadmap 8571:Psychological Warfare Division 8141:Chinese information operations 8090:Water fluoridation controversy 4273:. Edinburgh University Press. 4089: 4076: 4053: 4035:Wall, Tyler (September 2010). 4028: 4019: 3974: 3949: 3927: 3905: 3859:Psychological Warfare Division 3837:Information Operations Roadmap 2867: 2836:, used to deceive the Germans. 2666:. This soon paid off when the 2357: 13: 1: 8768:Active Measures Working Group 8426:during the Russo-Georgian War 8393:U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B 5896:Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger 5171:Chin, Jonathan (2023-08-12). 4779:Stanford Internet Observatory 4597:Jeff Stein (3 October 2016). 4543:"Special operation – Phoenix" 4230:. University of Chicago Press 3899: 3625:193rd Special Operations Wing 3272: 3145:Most modern uses of the term 3040:Stanford Internet Observatory 2988:, the United States used the 2410:undersea communications cable 2275:In the 6th century BCE Greek 2249:, in his battles against the 8651:The Freedom Fighter's Manual 8328:Fake news in the Philippines 7932: 7700:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt 7466:Rally 'round the flag effect 7341:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt 6748:Rally 'round the flag effect 5569:10.1080/10402659.2010.502070 5387:. Royal Navy. Archived from 3260: 3079:China's political rhetoric. 2957:soldiers to destabilize the 2175:on his campaign against the 56:over a German city (see the 7: 8778:Counter Misinformation Team 8773:Counter disinformation unit 8223:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht 7710:Forgery as covert operation 7073: 5820:Roberts III, Mervyn Edwin. 4354:Latimer (2004), pg. 148–149 3842:NLF and PAVN battle tactics 3642: 3494:Secret Intelligence Service 2933:. It shows a caricature of 2729:Political Warfare Executive 2662:after the overthrow of the 2638:in places as far afield as 2529:Robert William Seton-Watson 2373:of 1915 to document German 2189:Battle of Pelusium (525 BC) 1510:Military–industrial complex 989:Operational manoeuvre group 10: 8919: 8788:The Disinformation Project 8218:Propaganda in Nazi Germany 7574:Algorithmic radicalization 4631:Hanoi Hannah, 16 June 1967 4338:"Winston Churchill Quotes" 4267:Taylor, Philip M. (1999). 4171:Bruno Barragán Fernández, 4109:George H. Quester (2003). 3756:Psychological manipulation 3617:United States Marine Corps 3575:U.S. Department of Defense 3534: 3468: 3465:Russian military deception 3462: 3447: 3428:", a popular news page on 3349: 3298:People's Republic of China 3281: 3082: 2784:London Controlling Section 2626:to declare 'holy war', or 2279:successfully resisted the 2157: 2088:, "Hearts and Minds", and 36: 29: 8751: 8740: 8711: 8705:Bolivarian Army of Trolls 8699: 8681:Tobacco industry playbook 8612:CIA Kennedy assassination 8584: 8530: 8504: 8492: 8406: 8353: 8341: 8310: 8298: 8286: 8274: 8262: 8231: 8205: 8193: 8133: 8121: 8117: 8106: 7938: 7927: 7872: 7861: 7745:Manipulation (psychology) 7569: 7563: 7558: 7209: 7155: 7130: 7104: 7045: 6942: 6887: 6819: 6761: 6693: 6610: 6527: 6479: 6369: 6280: 6207: 6097: 6089:Manipulation (psychology) 6031: 5385:"Psychological Ops Group" 4950:10.1207/S15327876MP1402_2 3888:Fourth generation warfare 3606:Directorate of Operations 3602:Special Activities Center 3443: 3407: 3359: 3332: 2727:, the British set up the 2562:. By the end of the war, 2545:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 2505:Department of Information 1574:Loss-of-strength gradient 431:Combat information center 8793:East StratCom Task Force 8607:9/11 conspiracy theories 7604:List of cognitive biases 6267:Criticism of advertising 5855:2022.9 (May 2022): 1-4. 5045:. Greenwood Publishing. 5039:Stout, Chris E. (2002). 4977:Lerner, Daniel (1971) . 4832:South China Morning Post 4805:South China Morning Post 4675:University of Washington 4060:Kirdemir, Baris (2019). 3796:Fear § Manipulation 3514:revealed details of the 3277: 2902:Operation Wandering Soul 2162: 2134:Target audiences can be 2074:psychological operations 1892:Military science fiction 1377:Technology and equipment 798:List of military tactics 18:Psychological operations 8719:Public opinion brigades 8676:Niger uranium forgeries 8666:Litter boxes in schools 8036:COVID-19 misinformation 7958:Free energy suppression 7867:Books and documentaries 7641:Euphemistic misspeaking 7271:Cartographic propaganda 6929:Promotional merchandise 6640:Character assassination 6577:Narcotizing dysfunction 6451:Photograph manipulation 6164:Guerrilla communication 5964:8 December 2010 at the 5922:8 December 2010 at the 5795:Linebarger, Paul M. A. 5601:Austria in World War II 5017:Ellul, Jacques (1973). 4963:(subscription required) 4923:(subscription required) 3956:Szunyogh, Béla (1955). 3681:Charles Douglas Jackson 3676:Character assassination 3629:United States Air Force 3395: 3175:Operation Nifty Package 3003:has enabled the use of 2876:"Viet Cong, beware!" – 2521:Austro-Hungarian Empire 2415:The British also had a 2119:. It is used to induce 1960:Wartime sexual violence 1716:Full-spectrum dominance 1527:Supply-chain management 8465:2016 Brexit referendum 7814:Scientific fabrication 7725:Historical negationism 7456:Propaganda of the deed 7426:New generation warfare 7376:Historical negationism 7214:Accusation in a mirror 7092: 6912:Product demonstrations 6341:Historical negationism 5839:Simpson, Christopher. 5439:. 15 (UK) PSYOPS Group 4082:Lance B. Curke Ph.D., 3915:. Journal.forces.gc.ca 3893:The Gospel of Afranius 3781:Unconventional Warfare 3701:Directed-energy weapon 3587: 3562: 3554: 3454:New generation warfare 3258: 2953:made extensive use of 2946: 2918: 2885: 2837: 2760: 2630:, against the Western 2507:and branched out into 2378: 2208:successfully conquered 2180: 1872:Awards and decorations 1845:Peace through strength 1820:Low-intensity conflict 1454:Conscientious objector 1327:Area of responsibility 61: 32:Psyop (disambiguation) 8888:Propaganda techniques 8863:Psychological warfare 8761:Fact-checking website 8566:Operation Mass Appeal 8548:Clockwork Orange plot 8058:Mental illness denial 7953:Climate change denial 7770:Psychological warfare 7740:Internet manipulation 7705:Firehose of falsehood 7631:Disinformation attack 7451:Psychological warfare 7416:Monumental propaganda 7366:Glittering generality 7346:Firehose of falsehood 7203:Propaganda techniques 7087:Psychological warfare 6844:Reputation management 6763:Psychological warfare 6612:Political campaigning 6421:Firehose of falsehood 5981:Psychological warfare 5901:Psychological Warfare 5650:Garrison, WC (1999). 5125:10.1093/jogss/ogac016 5075:International Affairs 4910:10.1300/J146v09n01_03 4547:Specialoperations.com 4322:Hruška, Emil (2013), 4227:Psychological Warfare 4204:"Allied PsyOp of WWI" 3847:Zarqawi PSYOP program 3579: 3567:Joint Chiefs of Staff 3560: 3544: 3438:Israel Defense Forces 3313:Thirty-Six Stratagems 3282:Further information: 3254: 3147:psychological warfare 3017:informational warfare 2928: 2913: 2875: 2846:North Africa campaign 2831: 2754: 2739:managed a successful 2733:powerful transmitters 2541:Austro-Hungarian Army 2365: 2170: 2066:Psychological warfare 464:Torpedo data computer 454:Ship gun fire-control 58:file description page 47: 7900:Who's Who in the CIA 7291:Demonizing the enemy 7053:Denial and deception 6879:Corporate propaganda 5624:Phil Taylor (1987). 4254:Quadri.wordpress.com 3696:Demonizing the enemy 3686:Cognitive dissonance 3482:British Armed Forces 3288:United front (China) 3203:Information warfare. 3111:improve this article 2939:Abu Musab al-Zarqawi 2776:invasion of Normandy 2723:At the start of the 2668:Bolshevik Revolution 2585:Le Courrier de l'Air 2517:Viscount Northcliffe 2452:Member of Parliament 2319:before withdrawing. 2315:and set fire to the 1990:Military occupations 1825:Military engineering 1727:Unrestricted Warfare 1584:Force multiplication 482:Military manoeuvrers 39:Psywar (Mayhem song) 8602:Conspiracy theories 8543:Double-Cross System 8512:Conspiracy theories 8373:Operation INFEKTION 8161:Internet Water Army 8015:Strategy of tension 7880:by Ion Mihai Pacepa 7765:Post-truth politics 7481:Shooting and crying 7311:Emotive conjugation 7286:Cult of personality 7236:Atrocity propaganda 7082:Military camouflage 7068:Information warfare 6967:Media concentration 6839:Non-apology apology 6829:Cult of personality 6557:Emotive conjugation 6311:Burying of scholars 5953:US Army PSYOPS Info 5865:2.3 (2023): 50-54. 5359:Ministry of Defence 5253:. 27 November 2022. 5203:www.defense.gouv.fr 4937:Military Psychology 4704:. 26 September 2017 4575:were assassinated, 4488:Ambrose, Stephen E. 4143:Diogenes Laertius. 4007:on 20 February 2015 3766:Strategy of tension 3746:Noisy investigation 3726:Military psychology 3711:Information warfare 3402:2022 FIFA World Cup 3373:Stimme der Freiheit 3343:French Armed Forces 2973:government through 2792:Operation Fortitude 2780:Operation Bodyguard 2757:Operation Bodyguard 2692:Propaganda Minister 2336:Attack on Marstrand 2266:Empty Fort Strategy 2204:Alexander the Great 2173:Alexander the Great 1676:Penal military unit 1661:Rules of engagement 1337:Command and control 962:Operations research 426:Director (military) 416:Fire-control system 186:Command and control 67:Part of a series on 8498:HIV/AIDS denialism 8475:Trolls from Olgino 8249:Paid news in India 8239:Fake news in India 8053:HIV/AIDS denialism 7907:Merchants of Doubt 7780:Military deception 7755:Media manipulation 7594:Circular reporting 7441:Oversimplification 7421:Moralistic fallacy 7039:Military deception 6950:Influence-for-hire 6743:National mythology 6713:Crowd manipulation 6602:Tabloid journalism 6471:Video manipulation 6416:Fictitious entries 6139:Civil disobedience 6025:Media manipulation 5937:, 15 December 2005 5829:Roetter, Charles. 5810:Pease, Stephen E. 5782:(2006). ASP Press. 5767:(2006). ASP Press. 5221:"Sada-e-azadi.net" 5088:10.1093/ia/iiab070 4872:. 28 December 2023 4583:operatives placed 4376:(1 October 2008). 4363:Cruickshank (2004) 4302:"German WWI PsyOp" 3883:Asymmetric warfare 3776:The Shock Doctrine 3771:Taliban propaganda 3761:Special Operations 3721:Media manipulation 3621:United States Navy 3613:United States Army 3563: 3555: 2947: 2886: 2838: 2761: 2594:Jean-Jacques Waltz 2464:Arthur Conan Doyle 2448:David Lloyd George 2417:diplomatic service 2379: 2344:military deception 2340:Peter Tordenskjold 2326:, Spanish captain 2309:Emirate of Granada 2270:reverse psychology 2245:The Muslim caliph 2181: 1785:Counter-insurgency 1706:Command of the sea 1651:Jewish laws on war 1626:Geneva Conventions 1162:Divide and conquer 957:Military operation 922:Tactical objective 421:Fire-control radar 398:Electronic-warfare 62: 60:for a translation) 8850: 8849: 8846: 8845: 8736: 8735: 8732: 8731: 8686:Operation Shocker 8488: 8487: 8368:K-1000 battleship 8199:Operation Neptune 8102: 8101: 8098: 8097: 7923: 7922: 7857: 7856: 7849:Yellow journalism 7797:counterpropaganda 7678:List of fallacies 7611:Conspiracy theory 7579:Alternative facts 7514: 7513: 7406:Managing the news 7231:Appeal to emotion 7169: 7168: 7005: 7004: 6771:Airborne leaflets 6650:Election promises 6504:Product placement 6379:Alternative facts 6119:Alternative media 5906:Project Gutenberg 5704:, 6 February 2013 5610:978-0-7735-0800-2 5510:. 7 February 2014 5281:. 10 August 2023. 5267:. 10 August 2023. 5160:on 15 April 2011. 5027:978-0-394-71874-3 4996:978-0-262-12045-6 4678:. 25 October 2017 4650:. 10 January 2005 4527:978-1-58567-381-0 4473:978-0-7081-0459-0 4460:Masterman, John C 4391:978-0-571-22195-0 3657:Psychology portal 3591:counterpropaganda 3143: 3142: 3135: 2861:Normandy landings 2819:Operation Titanic 2788:Tehran Conference 2746:Winston Churchill 2690:was appointed as 2460:Propaganda Agency 2456:Charles Masterman 2391:airborne leaflets 2354:in World War II. 2256:During the early 2086:political warfare 2063: 2062: 1955:Horses in warfare 1902:Anti-war movement 1805:Gunboat diplomacy 1795:Disaster response 1743:Philosophy of war 1738:Principles of war 1711:Deterrence theory 1656:Right of conquest 1579:Lanchester's laws 1347:Principles of war 1037:Counter-offensive 1022:Military campaign 927:Target saturation 850:Counterinsurgency 459:Gun data computer 393:Close air support 355:Aircraft carriers 16:(Redirected from 8910: 8873:Crowd psychology 8742: 8741: 8561:MMR autism fraud 8444:On US elections 8378:Operation Toucan 8351: 8350: 8119: 8118: 8108: 8107: 8073:anti-vaccination 8021: 8020: 7968:Holocaust denial 7943:Bermuda Triangle 7929: 7928: 7863: 7862: 7792:black propaganda 7760:Potemkin village 7685:False accusation 7661:list of websites 7560: 7559: 7541: 7534: 7527: 7518: 7517: 7506:White propaganda 7461:Public relations 7436:Overcomplication 7321:False accusation 7256:Black propaganda 7246:Beautiful people 7241:Bandwagon effect 7196: 7189: 7182: 7173: 7172: 7097: 7078: 7032: 7025: 7018: 7009: 7008: 6997:Media proprietor 6821:Public relations 6801:Public diplomacy 6786:Information (IT) 6665:Name recognition 6290:Media regulation 6272:Annoyance factor 6129:Call-out culture 6044:Crowd psychology 6018: 6011: 6004: 5995: 5994: 5908: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5711: 5705: 5696: 5690: 5687: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5667: 5656: 5647: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5637: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5595: 5589: 5588: 5552: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5515: 5500: 5494: 5483: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5455: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5438: 5430: 5424: 5423: 5407: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5361:. Archived from 5351: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5341: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5308: 5302: 5301: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5275: 5269: 5268: 5261: 5255: 5254: 5247: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5227:. Archived from 5225:Sada-e-azadi.net 5217: 5211: 5210: 5205:. Archived from 5195: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5168: 5162: 5161: 5156:. Archived from 5146: 5137: 5136: 5106: 5100: 5099: 5082:(4): 1007–1023. 5069: 5063: 5062: 5060: 5059: 5036: 5030: 5015: 5009: 5000: 4985:. Boston, Mass: 4984: 4974: 4965: 4964: 4961: 4931: 4925: 4924: 4921: 4891: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4862: 4856: 4854: 4842: 4836: 4835: 4823: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4781:. 24 August 2022 4776: 4768: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4746: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4694: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4666: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4638: 4632: 4629: 4623: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4594: 4588: 4569:South Vietnamese 4562: 4560: 4558: 4549:. Archived from 4538: 4532: 4531: 4518:Deception in War 4510: 4504: 4503: 4484: 4478: 4477: 4456: 4450: 4449: 4429: 4423: 4422: 4402: 4396: 4395: 4374:Rankin, Nicholas 4370: 4364: 4361: 4355: 4352: 4346: 4345: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4319: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4298: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4256:. 25 April 2008. 4246: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4200: 4189: 4182: 4176: 4169: 4163: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4149:. Archived from 4140: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4106: 4100: 4093: 4087: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4057: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4032: 4026: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4006: 4000:. Archived from 3987: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3953: 3947: 3946: 3940: 3931: 3925: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3909: 3691:Cordwainer Smith 3659: 3654: 3653: 3652: 3364: 3363: 3231:Black propaganda 3219:White propaganda 3138: 3131: 3127: 3124: 3118: 3095: 3087: 3009:Syrian Civil War 2935:Al-Qaeda in Iraq 2803:naval deceptions 2741:black propaganda 2725:Second World War 2718:Munich Agreement 2674:out of the war. 2552:prisoners of war 2511:communications, 2498:Louis Raemaekers 2472:G. K. Chesterton 2446:In August 1914, 2324:Battle of Manila 2251:Byzantine Empire 2231:Mongolian Empire 2229:, leader of the 2125:black operations 2055: 2048: 2041: 1810:Humanitarian aid 1748:Security dilemma 1569:Power projection 1352:Economy of force 1332:Chain of command 1047:Defence in depth 1032:Commerce raiding 855:Defeat in detail 191:Defense ministry 95: 86: 85: 76: 64: 63: 48:An example of a 21: 8918: 8917: 8913: 8912: 8911: 8909: 8908: 8907: 8898:Warfare by type 8853: 8852: 8851: 8842: 8747: 8728: 8707: 8695: 8580: 8576:Zinoviev letter 8526: 8500: 8484: 8408:Post-Soviet era 8402: 8363:Active Measures 8346: 8337: 8306: 8294: 8282: 8270: 8258: 8227: 8201: 8189: 8129: 8127:Jihadunspun.com 8113: 8094: 8019: 7995:New World Order 7963:Genocide denial 7934: 7919: 7868: 7853: 7775:Memetic warfare 7565: 7554: 7545: 7515: 7510: 7396:Loaded language 7205: 7200: 7170: 7165: 7151: 7126: 7100: 7041: 7036: 7006: 7001: 6992:Media influence 6987:Media franchise 6972:Media democracy 6938: 6883: 6815: 6757: 6738:Loaded language 6689: 6606: 6523: 6475: 6365: 6294: 6276: 6203: 6144:Culture jamming 6093: 6027: 6022: 5966:Wayback Machine 5949:, 18 March 2008 5924:Wayback Machine 5894: 5876: 5871: 5743:Abner, Alan K. 5739: 5734: 5724: 5722: 5720:Washington Post 5712: 5708: 5702:Washington Post 5697: 5693: 5688: 5681: 5671: 5669: 5665: 5654: 5648: 5644: 5635: 5633: 5622: 5618: 5611: 5596: 5592: 5553: 5549: 5539: 5537: 5535:Theguardian.com 5527: 5523: 5513: 5511: 5502: 5501: 5497: 5493:. 22 June 2015. 5484: 5480: 5470: 5468: 5456: 5452: 5442: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5431: 5427: 5408: 5404: 5394: 5392: 5383: 5382: 5378: 5368: 5366: 5365:on 20 June 2006 5353: 5352: 5348: 5339: 5337: 5329: 5328: 5324: 5309: 5305: 5290: 5286: 5277: 5276: 5272: 5263: 5262: 5258: 5249: 5248: 5244: 5234: 5232: 5219: 5218: 5214: 5197: 5196: 5192: 5183: 5181: 5169: 5165: 5148: 5147: 5140: 5107: 5103: 5070: 5066: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5037: 5033: 5016: 5012: 4997: 4975: 4968: 4962: 4932: 4928: 4922: 4892: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4864: 4863: 4859: 4843: 4839: 4824: 4820: 4810: 4808: 4807:. 11 April 2021 4799: 4798: 4794: 4784: 4782: 4774: 4770: 4769: 4765: 4755: 4753: 4748: 4747: 4743: 4733: 4731: 4730:. 17 March 2011 4722: 4721: 4717: 4707: 4705: 4696: 4695: 4691: 4681: 4679: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4653: 4651: 4640: 4639: 4635: 4630: 4626: 4616: 4614: 4595: 4591: 4567:program of the 4556: 4554: 4539: 4535: 4528: 4511: 4507: 4485: 4481: 4474: 4457: 4453: 4446: 4430: 4426: 4419: 4403: 4399: 4392: 4384:. p. 178. 4382:Faber and Faber 4371: 4367: 4362: 4358: 4353: 4349: 4336: 4335: 4331: 4320: 4316: 4306: 4304: 4300: 4299: 4295: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4265: 4261: 4248: 4247: 4243: 4233: 4231: 4222: 4218: 4208: 4206: 4202: 4201: 4192: 4183: 4179: 4170: 4166: 4156: 4154: 4153:on 26 June 2017 4141: 4137: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4107: 4103: 4095:David Nicolle, 4094: 4090: 4081: 4077: 4058: 4054: 4044: 4042: 4033: 4029: 4024: 4020: 4010: 4008: 4004: 3985: 3979: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3954: 3950: 3943:Military Review 3938: 3932: 3928: 3918: 3916: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3897: 3871:Active measures 3666:Active measures 3655: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3636:capabilities." 3596:The purpose of 3539: 3533: 3512:Glenn Greenwald 3478: 3473: 3471:Active measures 3467: 3461: 3456: 3450:Active measures 3446: 3425:Abu Ali Express 3422:revealed that " 3410: 3398: 3352: 3335: 3290: 3280: 3275: 3263: 3225:Grey propaganda 3163:that encourage 3139: 3128: 3122: 3119: 3108: 3096: 3085: 2999:In cyberspace, 2923: 2894:Phoenix Program 2870: 2688:Joseph Goebbels 2680: 2609:Fourteen Points 2558:and the German 2480:Rudyard Kipling 2468:Ford Madox Ford 2360: 2328:Juan de Salcedo 2210:large parts of 2165: 2160: 2059: 2030: 2029: 1980: 1970: 1969: 1935: 1927: 1926: 1867: 1857: 1856: 1830:Multilateralism 1815:Law enforcement 1775: 1765: 1764: 1733:Just war theory 1691: 1681: 1680: 1631:Geneva Protocol 1601: 1591: 1590: 1564: 1554: 1553: 1495: 1485: 1484: 1392: 1382: 1381: 1322: 1312: 1311: 1277: 1267: 1266: 1197:Network-centric 1117: 1107: 1106: 1014: 1004: 1003: 952: 942: 941: 890:Rapid dominance 795: 785: 784: 740:Electromagnetic 649: 639: 638: 625: 578: 526: 502: 492: 491: 487:Combat training 468: 445: 411:Combat systems: 407: 369: 365:Auxiliary ships 331: 291: 287:Military police 253: 176: 166: 165: 105: 79: 78: 77: 72: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8916: 8906: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8848: 8847: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8764: 8763: 8752: 8749: 8748: 8738: 8737: 8734: 8733: 8730: 8729: 8727: 8726: 8721: 8715: 8713: 8709: 8708: 8703: 8701: 8697: 8696: 8694: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8656:Habbush letter 8653: 8648: 8643: 8642: 8641: 8631: 8626: 8625: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8599: 8594: 8588: 8586: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8538:Bell Pottinger 8534: 8532: 8531:United Kingdom 8528: 8527: 8525: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8508: 8506: 8502: 8501: 8496: 8494: 8490: 8489: 8486: 8485: 8483: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8461: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8442: 8441: 8440: 8430: 8429: 8428: 8423: 8412: 8410: 8404: 8403: 8401: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8359: 8357: 8348: 8339: 8338: 8336: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8314: 8312: 8308: 8307: 8302: 8300: 8296: 8295: 8290: 8288: 8284: 8283: 8278: 8276: 8272: 8271: 8266: 8264: 8260: 8259: 8257: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8235: 8233: 8229: 8228: 8226: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8209: 8207: 8203: 8202: 8197: 8195: 8194:Czechoslovakia 8191: 8190: 8188: 8187: 8180: 8175: 8174: 8173: 8168: 8166:PLA Unit 61398 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8137: 8135: 8131: 8130: 8125: 8123: 8115: 8114: 8104: 8103: 8100: 8099: 8096: 8095: 8093: 8092: 8087: 8086: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8044: 8043: 8041:by governments 8033: 8027: 8025: 8018: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7971: 7970: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7939: 7936: 7935: 7925: 7924: 7921: 7920: 7918: 7917: 7910: 7903: 7896: 7889: 7882: 7878:Disinformation 7873: 7870: 7869: 7859: 7858: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7805: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7784: 7783: 7782: 7777: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7681: 7680: 7670: 7669: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7608: 7607: 7606: 7599:Cognitive bias 7596: 7591: 7589:Cherry picking 7586: 7581: 7576: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7556: 7555: 7552:misinformation 7548:Disinformation 7544: 7543: 7536: 7529: 7521: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7386:Indoctrination 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7296:Disinformation 7293: 7288: 7283: 7281:Cherry picking 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7226:Appeal to fear 7223: 7216: 7210: 7207: 7206: 7199: 7198: 7191: 7184: 7176: 7167: 7166: 7162:The Art of War 7159: 7157: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7149: 7144: 7134: 7132: 7128: 7127: 7125: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7112:Military dummy 7108: 7106: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7098: 7094:Ruse de guerre 7089: 7084: 7079: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7058:Disinformation 7055: 7049: 7047: 7043: 7042: 7035: 7034: 7027: 7020: 7012: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6963: 6962: 6952: 6946: 6944: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6925: 6924: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6893: 6891: 6885: 6884: 6882: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6869:Understatement 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6825: 6823: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6767: 6765: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6733:Indoctrination 6730: 6725: 6720: 6718:Disinformation 6715: 6710: 6705: 6699: 6697: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6687: 6682: 6680:Smear campaign 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6616: 6614: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6604: 6599: 6597:Sensationalism 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6537:Agenda-setting 6533: 6531: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6485: 6483: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6411:False document 6408: 6403: 6402: 6401: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6375: 6373: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6316:Catch and kill 6313: 6308: 6303: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6292: 6287: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6213: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6149:Demonstrations 6146: 6141: 6136: 6134:Cancel culture 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6115: 6114: 6103: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6035: 6033: 6029: 6028: 6021: 6020: 6013: 6006: 5998: 5992: 5991: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5956: 5950: 5946:New York Times 5938: 5926: 5914: 5909: 5892: 5890: 5875: 5874:External links 5872: 5870: 5869: 5859: 5848: 5847: 5837: 5826: 5825: 5818: 5808: 5793: 5783: 5768: 5752: 5751: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5732: 5706: 5691: 5679: 5661:. p. 12. 5642: 5616: 5609: 5590: 5547: 5521: 5495: 5478: 5450: 5425: 5414:(170): 86–89. 5402: 5391:on 2 July 2010 5376: 5346: 5322: 5303: 5284: 5270: 5256: 5242: 5231:on 12 May 2011 5212: 5209:on 2019-12-02. 5190: 5163: 5138: 5101: 5064: 5051: 5031: 5010: 4995: 4966: 4926: 4883: 4857: 4837: 4818: 4792: 4763: 4741: 4715: 4689: 4661: 4647:Democracy Now! 4633: 4624: 4589: 4581:Special Forces 4553:on 12 May 2011 4541:Janq Designs. 4533: 4526: 4505: 4479: 4472: 4451: 4445:978-0275994792 4444: 4424: 4418:978-0275994792 4417: 4397: 4390: 4365: 4356: 4347: 4329: 4314: 4293: 4279: 4259: 4241: 4216: 4190: 4177: 4164: 4135: 4121: 4101: 4088: 4075: 4052: 4027: 4018: 3973: 3948: 3926: 3913:"Forces.gc.ca" 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3874: 3873: 3862: 3861: 3850: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3828: 3827: 3822: 3811: 3810: 3808:Able Archer 83 3799: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3736:Minor sabotage 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3706:Fear mongering 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3660: 3644: 3641: 3532: 3529: 3477: 3476:United Kingdom 3474: 3463:Main article: 3460: 3457: 3445: 3442: 3409: 3406: 3397: 3394: 3351: 3348: 3334: 3331: 3307:The Art of War 3284:Three warfares 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3262: 3259: 3235: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3205: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3193: 3187: 3180: 3179: 3178: 3171: 3168: 3154:Demoralization 3141: 3140: 3099: 3097: 3090: 3084: 3081: 3005:disinformation 2979:Miami, Florida 2961:government in 2922: 2919: 2869: 2866: 2679: 2676: 2636:British Empire 2624:Ottoman Empire 2616:Central Powers 2605:Woodrow Wilson 2523:supervised by 2441:Ottoman Empire 2421:British Empire 2359: 2356: 2277:Bias of Priene 2193:Persian Empire 2177:Persian Empire 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2061: 2060: 2058: 2057: 2050: 2043: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1995:Military terms 1992: 1987: 1981: 1976: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1929: 1928: 1925: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1868: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1848: 1847: 1842: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1776: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1757: 1756: 1755: 1753:Tripwire force 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1692: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1602: 1597: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1587: 1586: 1576: 1571: 1565: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1529: 1524: 1523: 1522: 1517: 1507: 1502: 1496: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1473: 1468: 1467: 1466: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1405: 1404: 1393: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1323: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1278: 1275:Administrative 1273: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1202:New generation 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1177:Fleet in being 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1118: 1115:Grand strategy 1113: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1104: 1102:Scorched earth 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1015: 1010: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1002: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 979:Deep operation 976: 971: 964: 959: 953: 948: 947: 944: 943: 940: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 908: 907: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 826: 825: 820: 815: 805: 796: 791: 790: 787: 786: 783: 782: 780:Unconventional 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 737: 728: 726:Disinformation 723: 718: 713: 708: 703: 698: 697: 696: 691: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 650: 645: 644: 641: 640: 637: 636: 631: 624: 623: 622: 621: 620: 619: 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 577: 576: 575: 574: 573: 572: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 525: 524: 523: 522: 517: 512: 503: 498: 497: 494: 493: 490: 489: 484: 479: 477:Basic training 474: 467: 466: 461: 456: 451: 444: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 406: 405: 403:Reconnaissance 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 368: 367: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 330: 329: 324: 322:Special forces 319: 314: 313: 312: 302: 297: 290: 289: 284: 279: 277:Reconnaissance 274: 269: 264: 259: 252: 251: 242: 237: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 177: 172: 171: 168: 167: 164: 163: 162: 161: 156: 146: 145: 144: 139: 129: 128: 127: 120:Post-classical 117: 112: 106: 101: 100: 97: 96: 88: 87: 69: 68: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8915: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8798:FactCheck.org 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8762: 8759: 8758: 8757: 8756:Fact-checking 8754: 8753: 8750: 8743: 8739: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8716: 8714: 8710: 8706: 8702: 8698: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8640: 8637: 8636: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8604: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8589: 8587: 8585:United States 8583: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8560: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8535: 8533: 8529: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8445: 8443: 8439: 8436: 8435: 8434: 8431: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8418: 8417: 8414: 8413: 8411: 8409: 8405: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8360: 8358: 8356: 8352: 8349: 8344: 8340: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8323: 8319: 8316: 8315: 8313: 8309: 8305: 8301: 8297: 8293: 8289: 8285: 8281: 8277: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8236: 8234: 8230: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8210: 8208: 8204: 8200: 8196: 8192: 8186: 8185: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8146:50 Cent Party 8144: 8143: 8142: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8132: 8128: 8124: 8120: 8116: 8109: 8105: 8091: 8088: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8070: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8042: 8039: 8038: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8022: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7969: 7966: 7965: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7937: 7930: 7926: 7916: 7915: 7911: 7909: 7908: 7904: 7902: 7901: 7897: 7895: 7894: 7890: 7888: 7887: 7883: 7881: 7879: 7875: 7874: 7871: 7864: 7860: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7789: 7788: 7785: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7772: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7750:Media culture 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7690:False dilemma 7688: 7686: 7683: 7679: 7676: 7675: 7674: 7671: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7653: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7616: 7612: 7609: 7605: 7602: 7601: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7571: 7568: 7561: 7557: 7553: 7549: 7542: 7537: 7535: 7530: 7528: 7523: 7522: 7519: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7331:False dilemma 7329: 7327: 7326:False balance 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7221: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7211: 7208: 7204: 7197: 7192: 7190: 7185: 7183: 7178: 7177: 7174: 7164: 7163: 7158: 7154: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7139: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7103: 7096: 7095: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7077: 7076: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7050: 7048: 7044: 7040: 7033: 7028: 7026: 7021: 7019: 7014: 7013: 7010: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6977:Media ecology 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6961: 6960:United States 6958: 6957: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6947: 6945: 6941: 6935: 6934:Telemarketing 6932: 6930: 6927: 6923: 6920: 6919: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6894: 6892: 6890: 6886: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6818: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6764: 6760: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6723:Fearmongering 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6692: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6613: 6609: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6562:False balance 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6530: 6526: 6520: 6519:Word of mouth 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6482: 6478: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6400: 6397: 6396: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6372: 6368: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6306:Broadcast law 6304: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6282: 6279: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6206: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6154:Deplatforming 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6108: 6105: 6104: 6102: 6100: 6096: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6059:False balance 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6019: 6014: 6012: 6007: 6005: 6000: 5999: 5996: 5990: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5963: 5960: 5957: 5954: 5951: 5948: 5947: 5942: 5939: 5936: 5935: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5921: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5884: 5883: 5878: 5877: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5849: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5806: 5805:0-405-04755-X 5802: 5798: 5794: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5781: 5780:1-878109-40-5 5777: 5773: 5770:Cohen, Fred. 5769: 5766: 5765:1-878109-36-7 5762: 5758: 5755:Cohen, Fred. 5754: 5753: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5741: 5721: 5717: 5710: 5703: 5700: 5695: 5686: 5684: 5664: 5660: 5653: 5646: 5632:on 2011-10-11 5631: 5627: 5620: 5612: 5606: 5602: 5594: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5551: 5536: 5532: 5525: 5509: 5505: 5499: 5492: 5491:The Intercept 5488: 5482: 5467: 5466: 5461: 5454: 5435: 5429: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5406: 5390: 5386: 5380: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5350: 5336: 5332: 5326: 5318: 5314: 5311:فردا, رادیو. 5307: 5299: 5295: 5288: 5280: 5274: 5266: 5260: 5252: 5246: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5216: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5194: 5180: 5179: 5174: 5167: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5145: 5143: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5113: 5105: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5076: 5068: 5054: 5052:9780275978662 5048: 5044: 5043: 5035: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5014: 5008: 5007:0-262-62019-7 5004: 4998: 4992: 4988: 4983: 4982: 4973: 4971: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4938: 4930: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4904:(1–2): 33–4. 4903: 4899: 4898: 4890: 4888: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4852: 4848: 4841: 4833: 4829: 4822: 4806: 4802: 4796: 4780: 4773: 4767: 4751: 4745: 4729: 4725: 4719: 4703: 4699: 4693: 4677: 4676: 4671: 4665: 4649: 4648: 4643: 4637: 4628: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4593: 4586: 4585:playing cards 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4537: 4529: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4514:Latimer, John 4509: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4483: 4475: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4455: 4447: 4441: 4437: 4436: 4428: 4420: 4414: 4410: 4409: 4401: 4393: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4369: 4360: 4351: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4325: 4318: 4303: 4297: 4282: 4280:9780748610396 4276: 4272: 4271: 4263: 4255: 4251: 4245: 4229: 4228: 4220: 4205: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4187: 4181: 4174: 4168: 4152: 4148: 4147: 4139: 4124: 4122:9781412829939 4118: 4114: 4113: 4105: 4098: 4092: 4085: 4079: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4056: 4040: 4039: 4031: 4022: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3984: 3977: 3961: 3960: 3952: 3944: 3937: 3930: 3914: 3908: 3904: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3880: 3879: 3878: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3867: 3866: 3860: 3857: 3856: 3855: 3854: 3853:World War II: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3834: 3833: 3832: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3816: 3815: 3809: 3806: 3805: 3804: 3803: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3658: 3647: 3640: 3637: 3633: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3609: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3598:United States 3594: 3592: 3586: 3584: 3583:psychological 3578: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3559: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3531:United States 3528: 3524: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3506: 3502: 3497: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3472: 3466: 3455: 3451: 3441: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3426: 3421: 3420: 3415: 3405: 3403: 3393: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3357: 3347: 3344: 3340: 3330: 3328: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3314: 3309: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3294:U.S. military 3292:According to 3289: 3285: 3270: 3268: 3265:According to 3257: 3253: 3250: 3249:Jacques Ellul 3246: 3245: 3239: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3181: 3176: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3162: 3159:Distributing 3158: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3151: 3150: 3148: 3137: 3134: 3126: 3123:February 2011 3116: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3100:This section 3098: 3094: 3089: 3088: 3080: 3076: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3056:Odnoklassniki 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3032: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2995: 2991: 2990:shock and awe 2987: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2927: 2917: 2912: 2910: 2905: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2883: 2879: 2878:South Vietnam 2874: 2865: 2862: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2835: 2830: 2826: 2824: 2821:involved the 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2770: 2769:double agents 2766: 2765:Dudley Clarke 2758: 2753: 2749: 2747: 2742: 2738: 2737:Sefton Delmer 2734: 2730: 2726: 2721: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2705: 2699: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2610: 2606: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2589: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2580:cannon fodder 2577: 2573: 2569: 2568:no-man's land 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2525:Wickham Steed 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2490: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2444: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2406:world opinion 2403: 2402:Western front 2398: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2355: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2329: 2325: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2300:as a result. 2299: 2295: 2289: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2254: 2252: 2248: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2222: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2197:ancient Egypt 2194: 2190: 2186: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2155: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2140:organizations 2137: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2056: 2051: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2037: 2036: 2034: 2033: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1979: 1974: 1973: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1931: 1930: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1882:Warrior caste 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1861: 1860: 1853: 1852:Show of force 1850: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1840:Peacebuilding 1838: 1837: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1769: 1768: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1728: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1696:Air supremacy 1694: 1693: 1690: 1685: 1684: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1636:Islamic rules 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1616:Court-martial 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1600: 1595: 1594: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1558: 1557: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1515:Arms industry 1513: 1512: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1489: 1488: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1391: 1386: 1385: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1324: 1321: 1316: 1315: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1276: 1271: 1270: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1132:Broken-backed 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1111: 1110: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1007: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 974:Expeditionary 972: 970: 969: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 954: 951: 946: 945: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 906: 903: 902: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 845:Counterattack 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 810: 809: 806: 804: 801: 800: 799: 794: 789: 788: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 770:Psychological 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 706:Combined arms 704: 702: 699: 695: 692: 690: 687: 686: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 651: 648: 643: 642: 635: 632: 630: 627: 626: 618: 615: 614: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 584: 583: 580: 579: 571: 568: 567: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 545:Fortification 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 532: 531: 528: 527: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 507: 505: 504: 501: 496: 495: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 469: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 446: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 408: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 370: 366: 363: 361: 360:Landing craft 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 332: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 311: 308: 307: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 292: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 254: 250: 246: 245:Standing army 243: 241: 238: 236: 232: 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 178: 175: 170: 169: 160: 157: 155: 152: 151: 150: 147: 143: 140: 138: 137:pike and shot 135: 134: 133: 130: 126: 123: 122: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 107: 104: 99: 98: 94: 90: 89: 83: 75: 71: 70: 66: 65: 59: 55: 54:American B-17 51: 46: 40: 33: 19: 8883:Mind control 8558: 8493:South Africa 8480:Web brigades 8416:Cyberwarfare 8398:Useful idiot 8347:Soviet Union 8292:Fintas Group 8184:Global Times 8182: 8151:cyberwarfare 7912: 7905: 7898: 7891: 7885: 7877: 7844:Whataboutism 7839:Urban legend 7809:Quote mining 7769: 7501:Whataboutism 7471:Scapegoating 7450: 7431:Obscurantism 7411:Minimisation 7316:Exaggeration 7218: 7160: 7136:World War II 7086: 6982:Media ethics 6902:Door-to-door 6897:Cold calling 6874:Weasel words 6781:Fifth column 6762: 6675:Push polling 6625:Astroturfing 6587:Pseudo-event 6567:Infotainment 6542:Broadcasting 6461:Urban legend 6384:April Fools' 6257:Testimonials 6227:Infomercials 6054:Dumbing down 5944: 5932: 5899: 5881: 5862: 5852: 5840: 5830: 5821: 5811: 5796: 5786: 5771: 5756: 5744: 5737:Bibliography 5723:. Retrieved 5719: 5709: 5701: 5694: 5670:. Retrieved 5658: 5645: 5634:. Retrieved 5630:the original 5619: 5600: 5593: 5560: 5557:Peace Review 5556: 5550: 5538:. Retrieved 5534: 5524: 5512:. Retrieved 5498: 5490: 5481: 5469:. Retrieved 5465:The Guardian 5463: 5453: 5441:. Retrieved 5428: 5412:Falling Leaf 5411: 5405: 5393:. Retrieved 5389:the original 5379: 5367:. Retrieved 5363:the original 5349: 5338:. Retrieved 5334: 5325: 5316: 5306: 5297: 5287: 5273: 5259: 5245: 5233:. Retrieved 5229:the original 5224: 5215: 5207:the original 5202: 5193: 5182:. Retrieved 5178:Taipei Times 5176: 5166: 5158:the original 5153: 5116: 5110: 5104: 5079: 5073: 5067: 5056:. Retrieved 5041: 5034: 5018: 5013: 4980: 4944:(2): 85–92. 4941: 4935: 4929: 4901: 4895: 4874:. Retrieved 4869: 4860: 4851:The Guardian 4850: 4840: 4831: 4821: 4809:. Retrieved 4804: 4795: 4783:. Retrieved 4778: 4766: 4754:. Retrieved 4744: 4732:. Retrieved 4728:The Guardian 4727: 4718: 4706:. Retrieved 4701: 4692: 4680:. Retrieved 4673: 4664: 4652:. Retrieved 4645: 4636: 4627: 4615:. Retrieved 4603:newsweek.com 4602: 4592: 4555:. Retrieved 4551:the original 4546: 4536: 4517: 4508: 4491: 4482: 4463: 4454: 4434: 4427: 4407: 4400: 4377: 4368: 4359: 4350: 4341: 4332: 4323: 4317: 4305:. Retrieved 4296: 4284:. Retrieved 4269: 4262: 4253: 4244: 4232:. Retrieved 4226: 4219: 4207:. Retrieved 4185: 4180: 4172: 4167: 4155:. Retrieved 4151:the original 4145: 4138: 4126:. Retrieved 4111: 4104: 4099:(2004) p. 21 4096: 4091: 4086:(2004) p. 66 4083: 4078: 4055: 4043:. Retrieved 4037: 4030: 4021: 4009:. Retrieved 4002:the original 3989: 3976: 3964:. Retrieved 3958: 3951: 3942: 3929: 3917:. Retrieved 3907: 3876: 3875: 3864: 3863: 3852: 3851: 3831:US specific: 3830: 3829: 3813: 3812: 3801: 3800: 3671:Brainwashing 3638: 3634: 3610: 3595: 3588: 3580: 3570: 3564: 3525: 3509: 3505:77th Brigade 3498: 3488:. (See also 3479: 3459:Soviet Union 3423: 3417: 3411: 3399: 3371: 3366: 3353: 3336: 3320:to mobilize 3311: 3305: 3291: 3264: 3255: 3242: 3240: 3236: 3213: 3206: 3184:Lord Haw-Haw 3146: 3144: 3129: 3120: 3109:Please help 3104:verification 3101: 3077: 3033: 3001:social media 2998: 2983: 2948: 2941:caught in a 2921:21st century 2914: 2909:Hanoi Hannah 2906: 2887: 2858: 2849: 2842:Double Cross 2839: 2834:Sherman tank 2814: 2810: 2806: 2805:(Operations 2800: 2796:field armies 2773: 2762: 2722: 2702: 2700: 2683:Adolf Hitler 2681: 2678:World War II 2613: 2602:US President 2597: 2590: 2583: 2549: 2502: 2487: 2476:Thomas Hardy 2458:, to head a 2450:appointed a 2445: 2439:against the 2414: 2399: 2380: 2342:carried out 2333: 2321: 2302: 2290: 2274: 2262:Eastern Zhou 2255: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2227:Genghis Khan 2225: 2221:assimilation 2201: 2191:between the 2182: 2152: 2133: 2094: 2084:), Psy Ops, 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2064: 1965:Fifth column 1945:War resister 1940:Women in war 1835:Peacekeeping 1780:Arms control 1725: 1414:Mobilization 1409:Conscription 1367:Intelligence 1320:Organization 966: 895:Encirclement 775:Radiological 769: 711:Conventional 565:Subterranean 472:Development: 471: 448: 410: 372: 335:Naval units: 334: 327:Signal corps 294: 272:Intelligence 257:Specialties: 256: 181:Organization 132:Early modern 50:World War II 8691:Yellow rain 8311:Philippines 8171:Spamouflage 8156:Little Pink 8010:Rothschilds 8000:Red mercury 7715:Gaslighting 7666:Lying press 7636:Doublespeak 7496:Weasel word 7446:Plain folks 7361:Gish gallop 7351:Flag-waving 7306:Doublespeak 7301:Dog whistle 7261:Blood libel 6854:Sound bites 6834:Doublespeak 6685:Wedge issue 6645:Dog whistle 6620:Advertising 6446:Lying press 6431:Gaslighting 6209:Advertising 6184:Occupations 6074:Obfuscation 6064:Half-truths 5853:IFANS FOCUS 5725:24 November 4785:24 November 4756:24 November 4654:16 December 4342:BrainyQuote 4307:17 December 4209:17 December 4157:16 February 4070:resrep21052 4045:11 February 4011:11 February 3966:11 February 3820:Briggs Plan 3741:Moral panic 3386:Afghanistan 2977:, based in 2967:Panamanians 2890:Vietnam War 2868:Vietnam War 2716:before the 2710:appeasement 2656:Switzerland 2644:Afghanistan 2484:H. G. Wells 2433:Middle East 2383:World War I 2358:World War I 2334:During the 2305:Granada War 2303:During the 2298:Carcassonne 2294:Lady Carcas 2258:Qin dynasty 2216:Middle East 2148:individuals 2136:governments 2121:confessions 1950:War studies 1773:Non-warfare 1701:Appeasement 1666:Martial law 1505:War economy 1444:Transgender 1397:Recruitment 1157:Containment 1042:Culminating 950:Operational 870:Envelopment 813:Air assault 694:Air cavalry 654:Air defence 634:Information 535:Cold-region 500:Battlespace 449:Historical: 295:Land units: 221:Space force 216:Coast guard 149:Late modern 110:Prehistoric 8868:Aggression 8857:Categories 8818:PolitiFact 8746:Opposition 8622:Sandy Hook 8421:on Estonia 8355:Soviet era 8268:Team Jorge 8244:Godi-media 8005:Reptilians 7975:Illuminati 7834:Truthiness 7824:Social bot 7787:Propaganda 7720:Half-truth 7695:False flag 7371:Half-truth 7276:Censorship 7220:Ad hominem 7131:Operations 7075:Maskirovka 7063:False flag 7046:Techniques 6955:Media bias 6811:Subversion 6776:False flag 6753:Techniques 6695:Propaganda 6655:Lawn signs 6635:Canvassing 6529:News media 6285:Censorship 6217:Billboards 6169:Hacktivism 6159:Grassroots 6084:Persuasion 5636:2008-04-19 5514:7 February 5471:31 January 5340:2022-08-24 5317:رادیو فردا 5298:رادیو فردا 5184:2023-08-11 5058:2014-08-10 4708:25 October 4682:25 October 4286:7 February 4234:7 February 3900:References 3791:Zersetzung 3731:Mind games 3535:See also: 3469:See also: 3448:See also: 3361:Bundeswehr 3273:By country 3267:Boaz Ganor 3190:False flag 2996:to fight. 2994:Iraqi Army 2959:Sandinista 2801:Elaborate 2714:covert war 2701:Germany's 2572:Hindenburg 2494:atrocities 2423:, such as 2387:newspapers 2371:commission 2367:Lord Bryce 2317:alcaicería 2171:Mosaic of 2129:false flag 2090:propaganda 2010:War crimes 2000:Operations 1907:Foot drill 1877:Battle cry 1790:deterrence 1449:Harassment 1424:Specialism 1247:Technology 1242:Succession 1187:Liberation 1122:Asymmetric 1057:Empty fort 968:Blitzkrieg 937:Withdrawal 900:Investment 679:Camouflage 674:Biological 612:Underwater 587:Amphibious 506:Aerospace 373:Air units: 350:Submarines 159:fourth-gen 154:industrial 142:napoleonic 8813:NewsGuard 8808:Logically 8803:Full Fact 8700:Venezuela 8634:Fake news 8522:AK Trolls 8213:Funkspiel 7735:Infodemic 7651:Fake news 7626:Denialism 7621:Deception 7381:Ideograph 7336:Fake news 7147:Bodyguard 7105:Equipment 6917:Promotion 6796:Political 6703:Bandwagon 6630:Attack ad 6509:Publicity 6481:Marketing 6394:Fake news 6356:Religious 6351:Political 6331:Euphemism 6326:Cover-ups 6321:Corporate 6189:Petitions 6079:Orwellian 6049:Deception 5934:USA Today 5585:144498009 5577:1040-2659 5420:0956-2400 5369:23 August 5133:2057-3170 5096:0020-5850 4987:MIT Press 4958:143979791 4918:144488159 4876:1 January 4617:4 October 4573:Viet Cong 4565:Chieu Hoi 4500:0043-6534 4462:(1972) . 3998:0869-5636 3751:Orwellian 3322:communist 3261:Terrorism 3196:Terrorism 3165:desertion 3161:pamphlets 3068:VKontakte 3052:Instagram 3044:Balatarin 3034:In 2022, 2963:Nicaragua 2898:Viet Cong 2882:Viet Cong 2850:Bodyguard 2704:Fall Grün 2696:messianic 2509:telegraph 2348:Fortitude 2338:in 1719, 2260:and late 2187:, in the 2185:Polyaenus 2113:reasoning 1897:War novel 1800:Grey-zone 1760:War games 1721:Overmatch 1671:War crime 1621:Desertion 1611:Ceasefire 1606:Armistice 1493:Logistics 1471:Mercenary 1459:Volunteer 1390:Personnel 1362:Engineers 1307:Sociology 1262:World war 1257:Total war 1237:Strategic 1227:Religious 1212:Political 1207:Perpetual 1182:Irregular 1097:Offensive 1072:Defensive 1067:Deception 1027:Attrition 880:Guerrilla 875:Formation 818:Airbridge 750:Loitering 664:Artillery 317:Artillery 267:Engineers 235:Irregular 206:Air force 8838:USAFacts 8828:StopFake 8724:Force 47 8629:COVID-19 8553:Euromyth 8304:Peñabots 8178:COVID-19 8083:COVID-19 8068:Vaccines 7933:Examples 7819:Smearing 7401:Newspeak 7266:Buzzword 6864:Transfer 6806:Sedition 6670:Negative 6582:Newspeak 6572:Managing 6514:Research 6489:Branding 6441:Literary 6406:Fakelore 6399:websites 6389:Deepfake 6346:Internet 6237:Modeling 6194:Protests 6174:Internet 6107:Advocacy 6099:Activism 5989:Original 5962:Archived 5920:Archived 5887:Metanoia 5663:Archived 5540:13 March 5508:NBC News 4811:12 April 4734:17 March 4611:Archived 4607:Newsweek 4516:(2001). 4128:19 March 3877:Related: 3643:See also 3623:and the 3501:Gulf War 3430:Telegram 3325:against 3060:Telegram 3048:Facebook 3038:and the 2986:Iraq War 2975:TV Marti 2943:rat trap 2931:Iraq War 2832:A dummy 2815:Big Drum 2632:infidels 2560:generals 2537:Slovenes 2397:rounds. 2369:led the 2285:Alyattes 2214:and the 2117:behavior 2105:emotions 2103:system, 2099:system, 1912:War song 1887:War film 1520:Materiel 1439:Children 1419:Training 1357:Medicine 1342:Doctrine 1297:Training 1232:Resource 1217:Princely 1167:Economic 1152:Conquest 1147:Colonial 1142:Cold war 1127:Blockade 1012:Strategy 984:Maneuver 745:Infantry 701:Chemical 555:Mountain 515:Airborne 378:Fighters 345:Warships 300:Infantry 226:Reserves 174:Military 8712:Vietnam 8383:Seat 12 8254:OpIndia 8206:Germany 7673:Fallacy 7646:Factoid 7584:Big lie 7391:Lawfare 7356:Framing 7251:Big lie 7142:Bertram 6943:Related 6922:Spaving 6907:Pricing 6849:Slogans 6791:Lawfare 6728:Framing 6708:Big lie 6499:Product 6494:Loyalty 6426:Forgery 6371:Hoaxing 6252:Slogans 6232:Mobiles 6124:Boycott 6032:Context 5879:Movie: 5843:(1994) 5833:(1974) 5814:(1992) 5747:(1951) 5672:4 April 5335:Haaretz 5154:ufl.edu 4870:Youtube 4188:, p. 52 3716:Lawfare 3627:of the 3434:Twitter 3419:Haaretz 3414:Israeli 3378:Afghans 3354:In the 3350:Germany 3318:Marxism 3302:Sun Tzu 3192:events. 3083:Methods 3072:YouTube 3064:Twitter 2984:In the 2937:leader 2811:Taxable 2807:Glimmer 2660:Finland 2640:Ireland 2622:of the 2543:at the 2425:Ireland 2352:Titanic 2158:History 2109:motives 2025:Writers 2020:Weapons 1985:Battles 1934:Related 1922:Wargame 1917:Uniform 1865:Culture 1646:Perfidy 1641:Justice 1562:Science 1547:Outpost 1500:History 1480:Warrior 1476:Soldier 1464:foreign 1402:counter 1302:Service 1252:Theater 1192:Limited 1172:Endemic 1087:Nuclear 860:Foxhole 835:Cavalry 823:Airdrop 808:Airlift 793:Tactics 765:Nuclear 755:Missile 684:Cavalry 669:Barrage 647:Weapons 607:Surface 388:Command 383:Bombers 340:Frogman 310:Cavalry 282:Medical 249:Militia 231:Regular 211:Marines 125:castles 115:Ancient 103:History 82:outline 8823:Snopes 8639:online 8559:Lancet 8505:Turkey 8343:Russia 8299:Mexico 8287:Kuwait 8263:Israel 8122:Canada 8078:autism 8024:Health 7656:online 7486:Slogan 7122:Q-ship 6547:Circus 6456:Racial 5867:online 5857:online 5845:online 5835:online 5824:(2018) 5816:online 5803: 5791:online 5789:2020) 5778: 5763: 5749:online 5607: 5583: 5575: 5443:29 May 5418: 5395:28 May 5235:18 May 5131: 5094: 5049: 5025: 5005: 4993: 4956: 4916: 4557:18 May 4524: 4498: 4470: 4442: 4415: 4388: 4277: 4175:, 2016 4119: 4068: 3996: 3919:18 May 3619:. The 3444:Russia 3408:Israel 3382:Kosovo 3365:, the 3356:German 3333:France 3327:Taiwan 3027:, and 3025:Russia 2955:Contra 2892:. The 2854:Calais 2672:Russia 2646:, and 2620:Sultan 2556:Kaiser 2533:Croats 2454:(MP), 2437:revolt 2395:mortar 2313:mosque 2281:Lydian 2212:Europe 2206:, who 2146:, and 2144:groups 2101:belief 2070:PSYWAR 2005:Sieges 1689:Theory 1429:Morale 1287:Policy 1282:Branch 1062:Mosaic 1052:Fabian 999:Covert 932:Trench 917:Screen 840:Charge 830:Battle 803:Aerial 721:Denial 689:Horses 617:Seabed 570:Tunnel 550:Jungle 540:Desert 510:Aerial 8617:QAnon 8275:Korea 8232:India 8134:China 8048:Ebola 7564:Types 7476:Senbu 7156:Texts 7117:Decoy 6889:Sales 6592:Scrum 6552:Cycle 6466:Virus 6336:Films 6301:Books 6242:Radio 6222:False 6199:Youth 6179:Media 6112:group 6069:Media 5889:films 5666:(PDF) 5655:(PDF) 5581:S2CID 5437:(PDF) 5119:(4). 4954:S2CID 4914:S2CID 4775:(PDF) 4702:Wired 4066:JSTOR 4005:(PDF) 3986:(PDF) 3939:(PDF) 3547:Mosul 3516:JTRIG 3278:China 3029:China 2971:Cuban 2670:took 2652:Lenin 2648:India 2628:Jihad 2598:Hansi 2513:radio 2429:India 2283:king 2163:Early 2115:, or 2097:value 2078:PsyOp 1978:Lists 1434:Women 1372:Ranks 1292:Staff 1222:Proxy 1137:Class 1092:Naval 1077:Depth 912:Swarm 905:Siege 885:Naval 865:Drone 760:Music 735:Robot 731:Drone 716:Cyber 659:Armor 629:Cyber 602:Green 597:Brown 560:Urban 520:Space 441:Radar 436:Sonar 305:Armor 262:Staff 240:Ranks 8458:2020 8453:2018 8448:2016 7829:Spin 7730:Hoax 7615:list 7550:and 7491:Spin 6859:Spin 6436:List 6361:Self 6039:Bias 5801:ISBN 5776:ISBN 5761:ISBN 5727:2022 5674:2012 5605:ISBN 5573:ISSN 5542:2019 5516:2014 5473:2015 5445:2011 5416:ISSN 5397:2013 5371:2008 5237:2011 5129:ISSN 5092:ISSN 5047:ISBN 5023:ISBN 5003:ISBN 4991:ISBN 4878:2024 4813:2021 4787:2022 4758:2022 4736:2011 4710:2017 4684:2017 4656:2008 4619:2016 4579:and 4563:The 4559:2011 4522:ISBN 4496:ISSN 4468:ISBN 4440:ISBN 4413:ISBN 4386:ISBN 4309:2012 4288:2013 4275:ISBN 4236:2013 4211:2012 4159:2017 4130:2016 4117:ISBN 4047:2015 4013:2015 3994:ISSN 3968:2015 3921:2011 3865:USSR 3802:NATO 3615:and 3551:Iraq 3520:GCHQ 3492:and 3452:and 3432:and 3412:The 3396:Iran 3390:NATO 3384:and 3337:The 3310:and 3286:and 3070:and 3036:Meta 3011:and 2949:The 2813:and 2664:Tsar 2614:The 2576:POWs 2564:MI7b 2535:and 2527:and 2482:and 2427:and 2350:and 2247:Omar 2195:and 2082:MISO 2015:Wars 1532:Base 1082:Goal 994:Raid 592:Blue 530:Land 201:Navy 196:Army 6247:Sex 5904:at 5885:by 5565:doi 5121:doi 5084:doi 4946:doi 4906:doi 4577:CIA 3571:any 3490:MI5 3304:in 3241:In 3209:OSS 3113:by 2951:CIA 2916:on. 2823:RAF 2658:to 2607:'s 2127:or 1599:Law 1542:FOB 1537:MOB 582:Sea 74:War 8859:: 8031:5G 7138:: 6262:TV 5943:, 5931:, 5898:. 5799:. 5774:. 5759:. 5718:. 5682:^ 5657:. 5579:. 5571:. 5561:22 5559:. 5533:. 5506:. 5489:. 5462:. 5357:. 5333:. 5315:. 5296:. 5223:. 5201:. 5175:. 5152:. 5141:^ 5127:. 5115:. 5090:. 5080:97 5078:. 4989:. 4969:^ 4952:. 4942:14 4940:. 4912:. 4900:. 4886:^ 4868:. 4849:. 4830:. 4803:. 4777:. 4726:. 4700:. 4672:. 4644:. 4609:. 4605:. 4601:. 4545:. 4380:. 4340:. 4252:. 4193:^ 3988:. 3941:. 3814:UK 3549:, 3392:. 3329:. 3247:, 3156:: 3066:, 3062:, 3058:, 3054:, 3050:, 3046:, 3031:. 3023:, 3021:US 2856:. 2809:, 2790:. 2720:. 2642:, 2547:. 2478:, 2474:, 2470:, 2466:, 2443:. 2223:. 2142:, 2138:, 2111:, 2107:, 1478:/ 733:/ 247:/ 233:/ 8345:/ 8324:) 8320:( 7617:) 7613:( 7540:e 7533:t 7526:v 7195:e 7188:t 7181:v 7031:e 7024:t 7017:v 6017:e 6010:t 6003:v 5729:. 5676:. 5639:. 5613:. 5587:. 5567:: 5544:. 5518:. 5475:. 5447:. 5422:. 5399:. 5373:. 5343:. 5319:. 5300:. 5239:. 5187:. 5135:. 5123:: 5117:7 5098:. 5086:: 5061:. 5029:. 4999:. 4960:. 4948:: 4920:. 4908:: 4902:9 4880:. 4853:. 4834:. 4815:. 4789:. 4760:. 4738:. 4712:. 4686:. 4658:. 4621:. 4561:. 4530:. 4502:. 4476:. 4448:. 4421:. 4394:. 4344:. 4311:. 4290:. 4238:. 4213:. 4161:. 4132:. 4072:. 4049:. 4015:. 3970:. 3945:. 3923:. 3553:. 3177:. 3136:) 3130:( 3125:) 3121:( 3107:. 2884:. 2759:. 2377:. 2179:. 2076:( 2068:( 2054:e 2047:t 2040:v 84:) 80:( 41:. 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Psychological warfare

Index