3829:
3077:
4841:
3206:
3869:
44:
2647:
6139:"But when the outcries of the lackies and boies, which ran awaie for feare of the Frenchmen thus spoiling the campe came to the kings eares, he doubting least his enimies should gather togither againe, and begin a new field; and mistrusting further that the prisoners would be an aid to his enimies, or the verie enimies to their takers in deed if they were suffered to live, contrarie to his accustomed gentleness, commended by sound of trumpet, that everie man (upon pain and death) should uncontinentlie slaie his prisoner. When this dolorous decree, and pitifull proclamation was pronounced, pitie it was to see how some Frenchmen were suddenlie sticked with daggers, some were brained with pollaxes, some slaine with malls, others had their throats cut, and some their bellies panched, so that in effect, having respect to the great number, few prisoners were saved."
2805:
3298:
88:
4360:
4865:
4120:
4096:
3085:
6056:, The University of Chicago – "Originally, captured soldiers had been made to fight with their own weapons and in their particular style of combat. It was from these conscripted prisoners of war that the gladiators acquired their exotic appearance, a distinction being made between the weapons imagined to be used by defeated enemies and those of their Roman conquerors. The Samnites (a tribe from Campania which the Romans had fought in the fourth and third centuries BC) were the prototype for Rome's professional gladiators, and it was their equipment that first was used and later adopted for the arena. Two other gladiatorial categories also took their name from defeated tribes, the Galli (Gauls) and Thraeces (Thracians)."
3768:
3569:
3885:
3905:
4228:
4371:
3845:
3795:
2432:
3814:
3058:
5105:
5294:
5346:
4567:
2340:
4038:
where food rations were meager and conditions squalid. One
American admitted "The only difference between the stalags and concentration camps was that we weren't gassed or shot in the former. I do not recall a single act of compassion or mercy on the part of the Germans." Typical meals consisted of a bread slice and watery potato soup which was still more substantial than what Soviet POWs or concentration camp inmates received. Another prisoner stated that "The German plan was to keep us alive, yet weakened enough that we wouldn't attempt escape."
5325:
8955:, "American and Australian soldiers massacred Japanese prisoners of war" according to The Faraway War by Prof Richard Aldrich of Nottingham University. From the diaries of Charles Lindberg: as told by a US officer, "Oh, we could take more if we wanted to", one of the officers replied. "But our boys don't like to take prisoners." "It doesn't encourage the rest to surrender when they hear of their buddies being marched out on the flying field and machine-guns turned loose on them." On Australian soldiers attitudes
4551:
4418:
3857:
4606:
and employers resented the idle prisoners, and efforts were made to decentralise the camps and reduce security enough that more prisoners could work. By the end of May 1944, POW employment was at 72.8%, and by late April 1945 it had risen to 91.3%. The sector that made the most use of POW workers was agriculture. There was more demand than supply of prisoners throughout the war, and 14,000 POW repatriations were delayed in 1946 so prisoners could be used in the spring farming seasons, mostly to thin and block
4559:
4887:). Their POWs were housed in three camps, according to their potential usefulness to the North Korean army. Peace camps and reform camps were for POWs that were either sympathetic to the cause or who had valued skills that could be useful to the North Korean military; these enemy soldiers were indoctrinated and sometimes conscripted into the North Korean army. While POWs in peace camps were reportedly treated with more consideration, regular prisoners of war were usually tortured or treated very poorly.
3783:
3584:, the Japanese captured 350,000 POWs, of which 131,134 came from Britain, the Netherlands, Australia, the United States, Canada, and New Zealand. Of these 131,134 POWs, 35,756 died while detained, the death rate of Western prisoners was thus 27.1 per cent, seven times that of Western POWs under the Germans and Italians. The death rate of Chinese was much higher. Thus, while 37,583 prisoners from the United Kingdom, 28,500 from the Netherlands, and 14,473 from the United States were released after the
5169:
5247:
4664:
occupation zones of
Germany, as well as providing relief to the prisoners held there. On 4 February 1946, the Red Cross was also permitted to visit and assist prisoners in the US occupation zone of Germany, although only with very small quantities of food. "During their visits, the delegates observed that German prisoners of war were often detained in appalling conditions. They drew the attention of the authorities to this fact, and gradually succeeded in getting some improvements made".
4829:
2632:
3966:
3502:
11301:
4081:. He wrote about semi-starvation, the casual murder of individual prisoners by guards and how, when they were released (now from a German camp), they found a deserted German town filled with foodstuffs that they (with other released prisoners) ate.. It is estimated that of the 700,000 Italians taken prisoner by the Germans, around 40,000 died in detention and more than 13,000 lost their lives during the transportation from the Greek islands to the mainland.
4857:
2211:
2443:
the state. The
European states strove to exert increasing control over all stages of captivity, from the question of who would be attributed the status of prisoner of war to their eventual release. The act of surrender was regulated so that it, ideally, should be legitimised by officers, who negotiated the surrender of their whole unit. Soldiers whose style of fighting did not conform to the battle line tactics of regular European armies, such as
4742:
2116:
8599:
intention but they carried it out. Not only Russia made use of such labour. France was given hundreds of thousands of German prisoners of war captured by the
Americans, and their physical condition became so bad that the American Army authorities themselves protested. In England and the United States, too, some German prisoners of war were being put to work long after the surrender, and in Russia thousands of them worked until the mid-50s."
4535:
5268:
5222:
5198:
2473:, French for "discourse", in which a captured officer surrendered his sword and gave his word as a gentleman in exchange for privileges. If he swore not to escape, he could gain better accommodations and the freedom of the prison. If he swore to cease hostilities against the nation who hold him captive, he could be repatriated or exchanged but could not serve against his former captors in a military capacity.
4030:
11313:
2792:(towards Soviet POWs and Western Allied commandos) were notorious for atrocities against prisoners of war. The German military used the Soviet Union's refusal to sign the Geneva Convention as a reason for not providing the necessities of life to Soviet POWs; and the Soviets also used Axis prisoners as forced labour. The Germans also routinely executed Allied commandos captured behind German lines per the
4849:
3069:
4191:
4116:, the Axis powers took 4.6 million Soviet prisoners, of whom 1.8 million were found alive in camps after the war and 318,770 were released by the Axis during the war and were then drafted into the Soviet armed forces again. By comparison, 8,348 Western Allied prisoners died in German camps during 1939–45 (3.5% of the 232,000 total).
3828:
2554:
to the prison to ensure it was of sufficient quality. Despite the generous supply and quality of food, some prisoners died of starvation after gambling away their rations. Most of the men held in the prison were low-ranking soldiers and sailors, including midshipmen and junior officers, with a small number of
4894:. The Chinese hoped to gain worldwide publicity, and while some prisoners refused to participate, some 500 POWs of eleven nationalities took part. They came from all the North Korean prison camps and competed in football, baseball, softball, basketball, volleyball, track and field, soccer, gymnastics, and
2617:, even while the belligerents were at war. A cartel was usually arranged by the respective armed service for the exchange of like-ranked personnel. The aim was to achieve a reduction in the number of prisoners held, while at the same time alleviating shortages of skilled personnel in the home country.
3931:
After the French armies surrendered in summer 1940, Germany seized two million French prisoners of war and sent them to camps in
Germany. About one third were released on various terms. Of the remainder, the officers and non-commissioned officers were kept in camps and did not work. The privates were
3730:
was particularly high. Gavan Daws has calculated that "of all POWs who died in the
Pacific War, one in three was killed on the water by friendly fire". Daws states that 10,800 of the 50,000 POWs shipped by the Japanese were killed at sea while Donald L. Miller states that "approximately 21,000 Allied
2695:
During the 19th century, there were increased efforts to improve the treatment and processing of prisoners. As a result of these emerging conventions, a number of international conferences were held, starting with the
Brussels Conference of 1874, with nations agreeing that it was necessary to prevent
2553:
was intended to be a model depot providing the most humane treatment of prisoners of war. The
British government went to great lengths to provide food of a quality at least equal to that available to locals. The senior officer from each quadrangle was permitted to inspect the food as it was delivered
2454:
In line with this development the treatment of prisoners of war became increasingly regulated in international treaties, particularly in the form of the so-called cartel system, which regulated how the exchange of prisoners would be carried out between warring states. Another such treaty was the 1648
2442:
In Europe, the treatment of prisoners of war became increasingly centralised, in the time period between the 16th and late 18th century. Whereas prisoners of war had previously been regarded as the private property of the captor, captured enemy soldiers became increasingly regarded as the property of
4799:
and declared war on
Germany, the United States initially made plans to send Italian POWs back to fight Germany. Ultimately though, the government decided instead to loosen POW work requirements prohibiting Italian prisoners from carrying out war-related work. About 34,000 Italian POWs were active in
4605:
In
February 1944, 59.7% of POWs in America were employed. This relatively low percentage was due to problems setting wages that would not compete against those of non-prisoners, to union opposition, as well as concerns about security, sabotage, and escape. Given national manpower shortages, citizens
4210:
In accordance with Article 27 of the Geneva Convention, the POWs were used in various productive activities. In return for providing work, the prisoners were granted payment and accommodation, as well as free time for cleaning, rest, and religious or other activities by their employers, according to
4107:
Between 1941 and 1945 the Axis powers took about 5.7 million Soviet prisoners. About one million of them were released during the war, in that their status changed but they remained under German authority. A little over 500,000 either escaped or were liberated by the Red Army. Some 930,000 more
4037:
Information on conditions in the stalags is contradictory depending on the source. Some American POWs claimed the Germans were victims of circumstance and did the best they could, while others accused their captors of brutalities and forced labour. In any case, the prison camps were miserable places
2666:
was suspended, Confederate officials approached Union General Benjamin Butler, Union Commissioner of Exchange, about resuming the cartel and including the black prisoners. Butler contacted Grant for guidance on the issue, and Grant responded to Butler on 18 August 1864 with his now famous statement.
2414:
made it the responsibility of the Islamic government to provide food and clothing, on a reasonable basis, to captives, regardless of their religion; however, if the prisoners were in the custody of a person, then the responsibility was on the individual. On certain occasions where Muhammad felt the
4775:
until mid-1947 by the Allies. The JSP were used until 1947 for labour purposes, such as road maintenance, recovering corpses for reburial, cleaning, and preparing farmland. Early tasks also included repairing airfields damaged by Allied bombing during the war and maintaining law and order until the
4214:
For correspondence with their families, the prisoners were provided with postcards. However, most of these were not used as the POWs feared reprisals from the Soviet authorities upon learning that they were prisoners in Romania. The punishment of POWs in the Romanian camps was applied following the
3124:
in 1918. The US held 48,000. The most dangerous moment for POWs was the act of surrender, when helpless soldiers were sometimes killed or mistakenly shot down. Once prisoners reached a POW camp conditions were better (and often much better than in World War II), thanks in part to the efforts of the
4675:. Although the Soviet Union had not signed the Geneva Convention, the U.S. chose to hand over several hundred thousand German prisoners to the Soviet Union in May 1945 as a "gesture of friendship". U.S. forces also refused to accept the surrender of German troops attempting to surrender to them in
3588:, the number for the Chinese was only 56. The 27,465 US Army POWs captured in the Pacific Theater, including Filipinos, had a 40.4 per cent death rate. The War Ministry in Tokyo issued an order at the end of the war allowing local commanders to kill remaining POWs without formal orders from Tokyo.
3038:
In 2000, the U.S. military replaced the designation "Prisoner of War" for captured American personnel with "Missing-Captured". A January 2008 directive states that the reasoning behind this is since "Prisoner of War" is the international legal recognised status for such people there is no need for
2661:
At the start of the American Civil War a system of paroles operated. Captives agreed not to fight until they were officially exchanged. Meanwhile, they were held in camps run by their own army where they were paid but not allowed to perform any military duties. The system of exchanges collapsed in
2255:
in 1415. This was done in retaliation for the French killing of the boys and other non-combatants handling the baggage and equipment of the army, and because the French were attacking again and Henry was afraid that they would break through and free the prisoners who would rejoin the fight against
3180:
pilots and observers were captured in the Sinai Peninsula, Palestine and the Levant. One third of all Australian prisoners were captured on Gallipoli including the crew of the submarine AE2 which made a passage through the Dardanelles in 1915. Forced marches and crowded railway journeys preceded
4632:
After the surrender of Germany in May 1945, the POW status of the German prisoners was in many cases maintained, and they were for several years used as public labourers in countries such as the UK and France. Many died when forced to clear minefields in countries such as Norway and France. "By
4068:
In September 1943 after the Armistice, Italian officers and soldiers in many places waiting for orders were arrested by Germans and Italian fascists and taken to internment camps in Germany or Eastern Europe, where they were held for the duration of the war. The International Red Cross could do
3132:
There was much harsh treatment of POWs in Germany, as recorded by the American ambassador (prior to America's entry into the war), James W. Gerard, who published his findings in "My Four Years in Germany". Even worse conditions are reported in the book "Escape of a Princess Pat" by the Canadian
3092:
During World War I, about eight million men surrendered and were held in POW camps until the war ended. All nations pledged to follow the Hague rules on fair treatment of prisoners of war, and in general the POWs had a much higher survival rate than their peers who were not captured. Individual
3027:
When a military member is taken prisoner, the Code of Conduct reminds them that the chain of command is still in effect (the highest ranking service member eligible for command, regardless of service branch, is in command), and requires them to support their leadership. The Code of Conduct also
8598:
Eugene Davidsson, "The Trial of the Germans: An Account of the Twenty-Two Defendants Before the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg", (1997) pp. 518–519 "the Allies stated in 1943 their intention of using forced workers outside Germany after the war, and not only did they express the
4663:
After the German surrender, the International Red Cross was prohibited from providing aid, such as food or prisoner visits, to POW camps in Germany. However, after making appeals to the Allies in the autumn of 1945, the Red Cross was allowed to investigate the camps in the British and French
4203:, the organisations leading the camps were to permanently control how the prisoners were accommodated, cared for, fed, and used. Due to some problems that arose with the food allowance in 1942, it was decided that the prisoners were to be fed like the Romanian troops, with an allocated 30
7602:
8637:
Views in the Media were mirrored in the House of commons, where the arguments were characterized by a series of questions, the substance of which were always the same. Here too the talk was often of slave labour, and this debate was not laid to rest until the government announced its
3544:
Prisoners of war from China, the United States, Australia, Britain, Canada, India, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Philippines, and Japanese-occupied Asia, held by Japanese imperial armed forces were subject to murder, torture, beatings, extrajudicial punishment, brutal treatment,
4703:
have done or are doing some of the very things we are prosecuting the Germans for. The French are so violating the Geneva Convention in the treatment of prisoners of war that our command is taking back prisoners sent to them. We are prosecuting plunder and our Allies are practising
4155:. Until August 1944, 5,221 Soviet prisoners died in Romanian camps mainly to disease during winter. The POWs were treated according to the 1929 Geneva Convention, which was ratified by Romania on 15 September 1931. Initially, the prisoners were held in five POW camps in
2836:. (The Convention recognises a few other groups as well, such as "nhabitants of a non-occupied territory, who on the approach of the enemy spontaneously take up arms to resist the invading forces, without having had time to form themselves into regular armed units".)
4012:. Berga was the deadliest work detachment for American captives in Germany. 73 men who participated, or 21 percent of the detachment, perished in two months. 80 of the 350 POWs were Jews." Another well-known example was a group of 168 Australian, British, Canadian,
3958:, which had been signed by these countries. Consequently, western Allied officers were not usually made to work and some personnel of lower rank were usually compensated, or not required to work either. The main complaints of western Allied prisoners of war in
9612:
Bligh, Alexander. 2015. "The 1973 War and the Formation of Israeli POW Policy – A Watershed Line? ". In Udi Lebel and Eyal Lewin (eds.), The 1973 Yom Kippur War and the Reshaping of Israeli Civil–Military Relations. Washington, DC: Lexington Books (2015),
9960:
DOD's POW/MIA Mission: Capability and Capacity to Account for Missing Persons Undermined by Leadership Weaknesses and Fragmented Organizational Structure: Testimony before the Subcommittee on Military Personnel, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. House of
2198:, who were held in his town under appalling conditions and destined for a life of slavery, took the initiative in ransoming them by selling his church's precious gold and silver vessels and letting them return to their country. For this he was eventually
3175:
217 Australian and unknown numbers of British, New Zealand and Indian soldiers were captured by Ottoman forces. About 50 per cent of the Australian prisoners were light horsemen including 48 missing believed captured on 1 May 1918 in the Jordan Valley.
4601:
on what the officers believed were private casual conversations. Much of the listening was carried out by German refugees, in many cases Jews. The work of these refugees in contributing to the Allied victory was declassified over half a century later.
4590:, of the roughly 1,000 US combat veterans he had interviewed, only one admitted to shooting a prisoner, saying he "felt remorse, but would do it again". However, one-third of interviewees told him they had seen fellow US troops kill German prisoners.
7814:(p. 290)—"2.8 million young, healthy Soviet POWs" killed by the Germans, "mainly by starvation ... in less than eight months" of 1941–42, before "the decimation of Soviet POWs ... was stopped" and the Germans "began to use them as laborers".
4258:. After Marshal Antonescu's visits, a new camp was to be set up, and the prisoners were to be treated according to the Geneva Convention. In September, all 110 POWs were transferred to the villas belonging to the Brașov and Giurgiu City Halls at
2168:
Typically, victors made little distinction between enemy combatants and enemy civilians, although they were more likely to spare women and children. Sometimes the purpose of a battle, if not of a war, was to capture women, a practice known as
4959:
Regardless of regulations determining treatment of prisoners, violations of their rights continue to be reported. Many cases of POW massacres have been reported in recent times, including the murder of Israeli prisoners of war in the 1973
4898:. For the POWs, this was also an opportunity to meet with friends from other camps. The prisoners had their own photographers, announcers, and even reporters, who after each day's competition published a newspaper, the "Olympic Roundup".
3028:
requires service members to resist giving information to the enemy (beyond identifying themselves, that is, "name, rank, serial number"), receiving special favours or parole, or otherwise providing their enemy captors aid and comfort.
9616:
Bligh, Alexander. 2014. "The development of Israel's POW policy: The 1967 War as a test case", Paper presented at the Seventh Annual ASMEA Conference: Searching for Balance in the Middle East and Africa (Washington, D.C., 31 October
4768:(NRA) included suspending prisoners by the neck in wooden cages until they died. In very rare cases, some were beheaded by sword, and a severed head was once used as a football by Chinese National Revolutionary Army (NRA) soldiers.
4134:, signatory countries had to give POWs of all signatory and non-signatory countries the rights assigned by the convention. Shortly after the German invasion in 1941, the USSR made Berlin an offer of a reciprocal adherence to the
8770:
Edward N. Peterson, The American Occupation of Germany, pp. 42, 116, "Some hundreds of thousands who had fled to the Americans to avoid being taken prisoner by the Soviets were turned over in May to the Red Army in a gesture of
4266:). The excellent living conditions at the camp earned it the nickname "gilded cage", with the prisoners describing it as "probably the best prison camp in the world". The treatment of the Allied POWs was overlooked by Princess
4000:
A small number of Allied personnel were sent to concentration camps, for a variety of reasons including being Jewish. As the US historian Joseph Robert White put it: "An important exception ... is the sub-camp for U.S. POWs at
7624:
4716:
became POWs of the Western Allies. Some of these were, like the Germans, used as forced labour in France after the cessation of hostilities. After the war, Hungarian POWs were handed over to the Soviets and transported to the
3039:
any individual country to follow suit. This change remains relatively unknown even among experts in the field and "Prisoner of War" remains widely used in the Pentagon which has a "POW/Missing Personnel Office" and awards the
3019:
to serve as a moral code for United States service members who have been taken prisoner. It was created primarily in response to the breakdown of leadership and organisation, specifically when U.S. forces were POWs during the
8959:
is quoted: "Japanese are still being shot all over the place", "The necessity for capturing them has ceased to worry anyone. Nippo soldiers are just so much machine-gun practice. Too many of our soldiers are tied up guarding
3181:
years in camps where disease, poor diet and inadequate medical facilities prevailed. About 25 per cent of other ranks died, many from malnutrition, while only one officer died. The most curious case came in Russia where the
4645:. In 1947, the Ministry of Agriculture argued against repatriation of working German prisoners, since by then they made up 25 per cent of the land workforce, and it wanted to continue having them work in the UK until 1948.
2750:, meaning it is a war crime by the detaining power to deprive the rights afforded to them by the Third Convention's provisions. Article 17 of the Third Geneva Convention states that POWs can only be required to give their
3884:
5036:. A large number of surviving Croatian or Bosnian POWs described the conditions in Serbian concentration camps as similar to those in Germany in World War II, including regular beatings, torture and random executions.
4488:
Stories that circulated during the Cold War claimed 23,000 Americans held in German POW camps had been seized by the Soviets and never been repatriated. The claims had been perpetuated after the release of people like
2585:
and used the coffins for firewood. Food was scarce and prisoners resorted to eating horses, cats, dogs or even human flesh. The bad conditions inside the graveyard contributed to a city-wide epidemic after the battle.
3213:
At the end of the war in 1918 there were believed to be 140,000 British prisoners of war in Germany, including thousands of internees held in neutral Switzerland. The first British prisoners were released and reached
4291:
6806:
4211:
the contracts signed with the commanders of the prison camps. The main workplaces for prisoners were in agriculture and industrial enterprises, but also in forestry, civil works, and in service of the POW camps.
3262:
We are thankful that this longed for day has arrived, & that back in the old Country you will be able once more to enjoy the happiness of a home & to see good days among those who anxiously look for your
4045:
long distances towards central Germany, often in extreme winter weather conditions. It is estimated that, out of 257,000 POWs, about 80,000 were subject to such marches and up to 3,500 of them died as a result.
4686:
The United States handed over 740,000 German prisoners to France, which was a Geneva Convention signatory but which used them as forced labourers. Newspapers reported that the POWs were being mistreated; Judge
3868:
5849:
4636:
In 1946, the UK held over 400,000 German POWs, many having been transferred from POW camps in the US and Canada. They were employed as labourers to compensate for the lack of manpower in Britain, as a form of
4733:, a Hungarian soldier taken prisoner by the Red Army in 1944, was discovered in a Russian psychiatric hospital in 2000. It is likely that he was the last prisoner of war from World War II to be repatriated.
3932:
sent out to work. About half of them worked for German agriculture, where food supplies were adequate and controls were lenient. The others worked in factories or mines, where conditions were much harsher.
4286:
4198:
In the winter of 1941/1942, the conditions of the POW camps were unsatisfactory, leading to the deaths of prisoners due to various diseases. The conditions were improved in 1942 when, by order of Marshal
2549:. The average prison population was about 5,500 men. The lowest number recorded was 3,300 in October 1804 and 6,272 on 10 April 1810 was the highest number of prisoners recorded in any official document.
4955:
As in previous conflicts, speculation existed, without evidence, that a handful of American pilots captured during the Korean and Vietnam wars were transferred to the Soviet Union and never repatriated.
3133:
George Pearson. It was particularly bad in Russia, where starvation was common for prisoners and civilians alike; a quarter of the over 2 million POWs held there died. Nearly 375,000 of the 500,000
9878:
2667:
He rejected the offer, stating in essence, that the Union could afford to leave their men in captivity, the Confederacy could not. After that about 56,000 of the 409,000 POWs died in prisons during the
4760:, fewer than 1,000 remained alive at battle's end. Japanese prisoners of war sent to camps fared well; however, some were killed when attempting to surrender or were massacred just after doing so (see
2362:
famously distinguished between cities or towns that surrendered (where the population was spared but required to support the conquering Mongol army) and those that resisted (in which case the city was
2696:
inhumane treatment of prisoners and the use of weapons causing unnecessary harm. Although no agreements were immediately ratified by the participating nations, work was continued that resulted in new
4237:
3101:
surrendered in 1915, 20,000 Russians became prisoners. Over half the Russian losses were prisoners as a proportion of those captured, wounded or killed. About 3.3 million men became prisoners.
8780:
Niall Ferguson, "Prisoner Taking and Prisoner Killing in the Age of Total War: Towards a Political Economy of Military Defeat" War in History 2004 11 (2) 148–192 p. 189, (footnote, referenced to:
4752:
Although thousands of Japanese servicemembers were taken prisoner of war, most fought until they were killed or committed suicide. Of the 22,000 Japanese soldiers present at the beginning of the
4232:
7699:
2161:
describes Trojan and Greek soldiers offering rewards of wealth to opposing forces who have defeated them on the battlefield in exchange for mercy, but their offers are not always accepted; see
5859:
4187:. As the frontline moved further away, the captured prisoners were given to German POW camps, and then they were transferred to Romanian ones after requests from the Romanian authorities.
4112:
in the summer of 1941 and the following spring, 2.8 million of the 3.2 million Soviet prisoners taken died while in German hands. According to Russian military historian General
3750:. Human hair was often used for brushes, plant juices and blood for paint, toilet paper as the "canvas". Some of their works were used as evidence in the trials of Japanese war criminals.
9226:"Were Korean War POWs Sent to U.S.S.R? New Evidence Surfaces: Probe: Former Marine corporal spent 33 months as a prisoner and was interrogated by Soviet agents who thought he was a pilot"
3248:
had to write a report on the circumstances of their capture and to ensure that they had done all they could to avoid capture. Each returning officer and man was given a message from King
8580:
Footnote to: K. W. Bohme, Zur Geschichte der deutschen Kriegsgefangenen des Zweiten Weltkrieges, 15 vols. (Munich, 1962–74), 1, pt. 1:x. (n. 1 above), 13:173; ICRC (n. 12 above), p. 334.
6610:"Myth: General Ulysses S. Grant stopped the prisoner exchange, and is thus responsible for all of the suffering in Civil War prisons on both sides – Andersonville National Historic Site"
6959:
5794:
9393:
8948:
7628:
3237:
and sent across Allied lines without any food or shelter. This created difficulties for the receiving Allies and many ex-prisoners died from exhaustion. The released POWs were met by
8784:, Die deutschen Nachkriegsverluste unter Vertriebenen, Gefangenen und Verschleppter: mit einer übersicht über die europäischen Nachkriegsverluste (Munich and Berlin, 1988), pp. 36f.)
7256:
4884:
2928:
personnel as separatist rebels. However, guerrillas and other irregular combatants generally cannot expect to receive benefits from both civilian and military status simultaneously.
8480:
7279:"An excellent reference for Japan and the treatment of US Airmen Pows is Toru Fukubayashi, "Allied Aircraft and Airmen Lost over Japanese Mainland" 20 May 2007. (PDF File 20 pages)"
6552:
5077:
This section lists nations with the highest number of POWs since the start of World War II and ranked by descending order. These are also the highest numbers in any war since the
3767:
2463:. This treaty established the rule that prisoners of war should be released without ransom at the end of hostilities and that they should be allowed to return to their homelands.
5001:, American, British, Italian, and Kuwaiti POWs (mostly crew members of downed aircraft and special forces) were tortured by the Iraqi secret police. An American military doctor,
4994:, prisoners were well-treated in general by both sides, with military commanders dispatching enemy prisoners back to their homelands in record time following the end of the war.
3233:
On 13 December 1918, the armistice was extended and the Allies reported that by 9 December 264,000 prisoners had been repatriated. A very large number of these had been released
10041:
8407:
Tremblay, Robert, Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, et al. "Histoires oubliées – Interprogrammes : Des prisonniers spéciaux" Interlude. Aired: 20 July 2008, 14h47 to 15h00.
4816:, the United States and United Kingdom signed a Repatriation Agreement with the USSR. The interpretation of this agreement resulted in the forcible repatriation of all Soviets (
8749:
8718:
10908:
6210:
3904:
8335:(Военнопленные в СССР. 1939–1956: Документы и материалы Науч.-исслед. ин-т проблем экон. истории ХХ века и др.; Под ред. М.М. Загорулько. – М.: Логос, 2000. – 1118 с.: ил.)
8298:
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9539:
4667:
POWs were also transferred among the Allies, with for example 6,000 German officers transferred from Western Allied camps to the Soviets and subsequently imprisoned in the
3076:
10105:
3035:, the official U.S. military term for enemy POWs is EPW (Enemy Prisoner of War). This name change was introduced in order to distinguish between enemy and U.S. captives.
6067:
4840:
2781:, in particular concerning the right of prisoners of war and internees to send and receive letters and cards (Geneva Convention (GC) III, art. 71 and GC IV, art. 107).
4215:
regulations of the Romanian Army. Executions by firing squad were few. The escapees who were caught and did not commit any acts of sabotage or espionage were tried by
10100:
9310:
9285:
6534:
4108:
were found alive in camps after the war. The remaining 3.3 million prisoners (57.5% of the total captured) died during their captivity. Between the launching of
8894:
4099:
An improvised camp for Soviet POWs. Between June 1941 and January 1942, the Nazis killed an estimated 2.8 million Soviet prisoners of war, whom they viewed as "
5814:
4434:
4130:
The Germans officially justified their policy on the grounds that the Soviet Union had not signed the Geneva Convention. Legally, however, under article 82 of the
3844:
6049:
3813:
9425:
3259:
During these many months of trial, the early rescue of our gallant Officers & Men from the cruelties of their captivity has been uppermost in our thoughts.
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10047:
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troops and sent back through the lines in lorries to reception centres where they were refitted with boots and clothing and dispatched to the ports in trains.
6692:
4026:("terrorist aviators") or these aircrews were classified as spies, because they had been disguised as civilians or enemy soldiers when they were apprehended.
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6644:
4965:
3856:
3310:
3205:
10071:
8101:
10065:
10035:
8390:
6814:
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2233:(later canonised as the city's patron saint) pleaded with the Frankish king for the welfare of prisoners of war and met with a favourable response. Later,
9952:
9901:(University Press of Kansas; 2010); 278 pages; Argues that the US military has failed to incorporate lessons on POW policy from each successive conflict.
9168:
8206:
7278:
6930:
6829:
2558:. About 100 senior officers and some civilians "of good social standing", mainly passengers on captured ships and the wives of some officers, were given
7594:
3565:, Italian soldiers and civilians in East Asia were taken as prisoners of war by Japanese armed forces and subject to the same conditions as other POWs.
11350:
8330:
7079:
2482:
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4610:
in the west. While some in Congress wanted to extend POW labour beyond June 1946, President Truman rejected this, leading to the end of the program.
2374:: "all the people, both men and women, were driven out onto the plain, and divided in accordance with their usual custom, then they were all slain".
9233:
9194:
7096:
6666:
6477:'In Cartellen wird der Werth eines Gefangenen bestimmet', in In der Hand des Feindes: Kriegsgefangenschaft von der Antike bis zum zweiten Weltkrieg
5874:
4219:
and sentenced to prison terms from 3-6 months to several years. After 23 August 1944, the Soviet POWs were handed over to the Soviet headquarters.
3581:
2784:
However, nations vary in their dedication to following these laws, and historically the treatment of POWs has varied greatly. During World War II,
10131:
8815:
8687:
8506:
8463:
8235:
7703:
4020:; two of the POWs died at Buchenwald. Two possible reasons have been suggested for this incident: German authorities wanted to make an example of
2513:. Some Native Americans continued to capture Europeans and use them both as labourers and bargaining chips into the 19th century; see for example
43:
10094:
8956:
8571:
S. P. MacKenzie "The Treatment of Prisoners of War in World War II" The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 66, No. 3. (September 1994), pp. 487–520.
8176:
8024:
4493:. Careful scholarly studies demonstrated that this was a myth based on the misinterpretation of a telegram about Soviet prisoners held in Italy.
4386:, where the Soviets captured 91,000 German troops in total (completely exhausted, starving and sick), of whom only 5,000 survived the captivity.
3256:
The Queen joins me in welcoming you on your release from the miseries & hardships, which you have endured with so much patience and courage.
2877:, or more properly they are not combatants. Captured soldiers who do not get prisoner of war status are still protected like civilians under the
9573:
7424:
6506:
5979:
4983:, which ended in Indian victory and the capture of 93,000 Pakistani POWs, they were later slowly repatriated in a deal with Pakistani President
2973:
When a country is responsible for breaches of prisoner of war rights, those accountable will be punished accordingly. An example of this is the
10059:
7855:
7824:
5864:
5184:
5069:
using electrocution, beatings, and sexual abuse. Both sides of the conflict forced prisoners to be naked at times as a humiliating punishment.
4722:
4660:
used during and immediately after the war to interrogate prisoners before sending them to prison camps, was subject to allegations of torture.
4090:
2415:
enemy had broken a treaty with the Muslims he endorsed the mass execution of male prisoners who participated in battles, as in the case of the
2403:. Christians captured during the Crusades were usually either killed or sold into slavery if they could not pay a ransom. During his lifetime (
2308:
9972:
7568:
6967:
4641:. A public debate ensued in the UK over the treatment of German prisoners of war, with many in Britain comparing the treatment to the POWs to
2646:
9796:
8651:
8542:
4633:
September 1945 it was estimated by the French authorities that two thousand prisoners were being maimed and killed each month in accidents".
4461:
4329:
4321:
9017:
8998:
8945:
6292:
6014:
9795:(University Press of Kentucky, 2010); 468 pages; Sources include American soldiers' own narratives of their experiences guarding POWs plus
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5819:
5078:
4933:
4583:
4524:
4337:
4325:
4131:
3955:
3522:
2720:
2603:
8488:
2804:
11316:
10888:
8970:
4761:
4502:
4341:
3113:
2832:, wear a "fixed distinctive marking, visible from a distance", bear arms openly, and have conducted military operations according to the
10120:
7152:
Ferguson, Niall (2004), "Prisoner Taking and Prisoner Killing in the Age of Total War: Towards a Political Economy of Military Defeat",
3193:
army) who were released and armed to fight on the side of the Entente, who briefly served as a military and diplomatic force during the
10930:
6859:
4516:
3005:
2873:
generally do not qualify because they do not fulfill the criteria of Additional Protocol I. Therefore, they fall under the category of
2820:
entitled to combatant's privilege—which gives them immunity from punishment for crimes constituting lawful acts of war such as killing
9761:
Rennbahn: Trente-deux mois de captivité en Allemagne 1914–1917 Souvenirs d'un soldat belge, étudiant à l'université libre de Bruxelles
9332:
8004:
7328:
2970:
In addition, if wounded or sick on the battlefield, the prisoner will receive help from the International Committee of the Red Cross.
11697:
11009:
10791:
8833:
8726:
4672:
4617:(DEF) so as not to treat prisoners as POWs. A lot of these soldiers were kept in open fields in makeshift camps in the Rhine valley (
4520:
3719:
Allied POW camps and ship-transports became accidental targets of Allied attacks. The number of deaths which occurred when Japanese "
2654:
10153:
10077:
4764:). In some instances, Japanese prisoners of war were tortured through a variety of methods. A method of torture used by the Chinese
11369:
What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights
8270:
6727:
5151:
Over 4.5 million taken by the Western Allies before the formal surrender of Germany, another three million after the surrender
3941:
3782:
2948:
1011:
10053:
8295:
8156:
8039:
7122:
6780:
3297:
2083:
Belligerents hold prisoners of war in custody for a range of legitimate and illegitimate reasons, such as isolating them from the
11602:
11080:
10180:
9543:
7881:
7395:
6516:
5829:
5779:
5409:
3926:
1438:
7202:
11403:
11343:
11205:
9250:
4936:
and subjected them to mistreatment and torture. Some American prisoners of war were held in the prison known to US POWs as the
4833:
4800:
1944 and 1945 on 66 US military installations, performing support roles such as quartermaster, repair, and engineering work as
6231:
6075:
2330:; their families would have to send to their captors large sums of wealth commensurate with the social status of the captive.
9932:
9920:
9742:
9152:
8798:
8623:
8434:
8127:
7925:
7865:
7311:
6459:
5955:
5682:
4789:
4578:
During the war, the armies of Western Allied nations such as Australia, Canada, the UK and the US were given orders to treat
4506:
4382:
servicemen (excluding Japanese), of whom more than a million died. One specific example is that of the German POWs after the
4359:
4278:
2917:
9102:
8929:
6012:
Wickham, Jason (2014) The Enslavement of War Captives by the Romans up to 146 BC, University of Liverpool PhD Dissertation.
11571:
11219:
9937:
Richard D. Wiggers, "The United States and the Denial of Prisoner of War (POW) Status at the End of the Second World War",
9318:
7755:
6538:
6207:
9033:
Insolvibile Isabella, Wops. I prigionieri italiani in Gran Bretagna, Naples, Italy, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, 2012,
8864:
3244:
Upon arrival at the receiving camp the POWs were registered and "boarded" before being dispatched to their own homes. All
11776:
11730:
11682:
11453:
11304:
10719:
7671:
6089:
6037:
Wickham 2014 notes that for Roman warfare the outcome of capture could lead to release, ransom, execution or enslavement.
3537:, because the Japanese viewed surrender as dishonorable. Moreover, according to a directive ratified on 5 August 1937 by
2399:
of 622–750, Muslims routinely captured large numbers of prisoners. Aside from those who converted, most were ransomed or
2363:
1794:
87:
9958:
9599:"Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century", Greenhill Books, London, 1997, G. F. Krivosheev, editor.
9594:
9268:
7785:
6046:
4864:
4119:
11284:
11163:
10021:
10007:
9990:
9038:
8369:
7539:
7514:
7375:
6837:
6593:
6511:
6434:
6325:
4613:
Towards the end of the war in Europe, as large numbers of Axis soldiers surrendered, the US created the designation of
4274:
2839:
Thus, uniforms and badges are important in determining prisoner-of-war status under the Third Geneva Convention. Under
2488:
1989:
1767:
382:
4844:
Captured Chinese soldiers beg for their lives to a South Korean soldier, thinking they are going to be executed, 1951.
11336:
11254:
11105:
10830:
10648:
10596:
9840:
9815:
9786:
9713:
9698:
9653:
9607:
9526:
9501:
9466:
9433:
9403:
9181:
9144:
8903:
8757:
8362:
8340:
8223:
7970:
7478:
7457:
6947:
6401:
6192:
6158:
6127:
5591:
4135:
4095:
3716:. Escapes among Caucasian prisoners were almost impossible because of the difficulty of hiding in Asiatic societies.
3526:
1443:
10126:
7651:
Joseph Robert White, 2006, "Flint Whitlock. Given Up for Dead: American GIs in the Nazi Concentration Camp at Berga"
7028:
5005:, a 37-year-old flight surgeon captured when her Blackhawk UH-60 was shot down, was also subjected to sexual abuse.
3301:
Jewish USSR POW captured by German Army, August 1941. At least 50,000 Jewish soldiers were executed after selection.
2487:
Early historical narratives of captured European settlers, including perspectives of literate women captured by the
11766:
10814:
9865:
9691:
The Escape Artist: An WW2 Australian prisoner's chronicle of life in German POW camps and his eight escape attempts
5839:
4668:
2385:
2091:
them in an orderly manner after hostilities), demonstrating military victory, punishing them, prosecuting them for
1521:
35:
9676:
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–18, Vol. VII The Australian Imperial Force in Sinai and Palestine
9080:
9050:
7065:
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–18, Vol. VII The Australian Imperial Force in Sinai and Palestine
6636:
4277:, a new camp was set up in Bucharest. Camp No. 13 from Bucharest was initially located within the barracks of the
11268:
11261:
10993:
10605:
8321:
8105:
5844:
5416:
4945:
4445:' 80,000 evacuees from the Soviet Union in the United Kingdom, only 310 volunteered to return to Poland in 1947.
3226:
and a large reception camp was established at Dover capable of housing 40,000 men, which could later be used for
3084:
3052:
2626:
1866:
1504:
1291:
136:
17:
8387:
3568:
11735:
11632:
11388:
11184:
7285:
4772:
4756:, over 20,000 were killed and only 216 were taken prisoner of war. Of the 30,000 Japanese troops that defended
4063:
3819:
3249:
2774:
1630:
10083:
7725:
7440:
Based on data in "Horyo Saishū Ronkoku Fuzoku-sho 'B'", Kykutō Kokusai Gunji Saiben No. 337, February 19,1948.
4948:
and badly treated. After the war, millions of South Vietnamese servicemen and government workers were sent to
10728:
9888:
6613:
5920:– "Captives taken in war have been called prisoners since mid-14c.; phrase prisoner of war dates from 1630s".
5577:
4317:
4301:
4124:
4017:
2925:
2742:. It applies from the moment a prisoner is captured until his or her release or repatriation. Under the 1949
2389:
2047:
1494:
10115:
10089:
9141:
An American Dream: The Life of an African American Soldier and POW who Spent Twelve Years in Communist China
7410:
Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths in World War II. Final Report, 7 December 1941–31 December 1946,
7076:
4593:
In Britain, German prisoners, particularly higher-ranked officers, were housed in luxurious buildings where
2662:
1863 when the Confederacy refused to exchange black prisoners. In the late summer of 1864, a year after the
11672:
10972:
10110:
8152:
5951:
5745:
5430:
3969:
Representation of a "Forty-and-eight" boxcar used to transport American POWs in Germany during World War II
3172:
2671:, accounting for nearly 10% of the conflict's fatalities. Of the 45,000 Union prisoners of war confined in
1984:
688:
448:
10142:
6709:
3525:, did not treat prisoners of war in accordance with international agreements, including provisions of the
11498:
11408:
10173:
9342:
9225:
8459:
7100:
6670:
5907:
5854:
5125:
He also believes that there were men who actually died as POWs amongst those listed as missing-in-action.
5062:
4949:
4765:
4579:
4379:
4077:
was among those interned and wrote about this time in his life. The book was translated and published as
3804:
3094:
2503:, and had lasting influence on the body of early American literature, most notably through the legacy of
2179:
involved, according to tradition, a large mass-abduction by the founders of Rome. Typically women had no
1994:
1181:
983:
854:
392:
9793:
The Enemy in Our Hands: America's Treatment of Prisoners of War From the Revolution to the War on Terror
8811:
8243:
6890:
Years later Several ex POWS identified themselves (Ref: AMerican Legion Monthly Magazine September 1927)
5123:
maintains that it seems entirely plausible, while not provable, that one million died in Soviet custody.
5043:, Yang Chen and Shih Liang. The two were imprisoned as spies for three years before being interned in a
4883:, the North Koreans developed a reputation for severely mistreating and torturing prisoners of war (see
4370:
11375:
11170:
11149:
10777:
10664:
10232:
9580:
9337:
8684:
8517:
8453:
8306:
7077:
The Postal History Society 1936–2011 – 75th anniversary display to the Royal Philatelic Society, London
5661:
5640:
5493:
4980:
4285:
on St. Ecaterina Street. In June 1944, the non-commissioned officers were transferred to a wing of the
4070:
4059:
3273:
While the Allied prisoners were sent home at the end of the war, the same treatment was not granted to
2921:
2635:
2595:
1458:
8180:
7421:
4788:
and became an Allied co-belligerent. This did not change the status of many Italian POWs, retained in
3561:. After 20 March 1943, the Imperial Navy was ordered to kill prisoners of war taken at sea. After the
11771:
11761:
11720:
11662:
11055:
10965:
10923:
10137:
9968:
9912:
9906:
9800:
9646:
We We're Each Other's Prisoners: An Oral History of World War II American and German Prisoners of War
8612:
Inge Weber-Newth; Johannes-Dieter Steinert (2006). "Chapter 2: Immigration policy—immigrant policy".
6530:
5991:
5869:
5612:
5500:
5279:
5017:
4976:
4430:
4227:
3492:
2888:
armed conflicts. The application of prisoner of war status in non-international armed conflicts like
2566:
although some further afield. They were afforded the courtesy of their rank within English society.
2542:
2431:
1568:
1076:
425:
299:
153:
10147:
9602:"Keine Kameraden. Die Wehrmacht und die sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen 1941–1945", Dietz, Bonn 1997,
8589:
Renate Held, "Die deutschen Kriegsgefangenen in britischer Hand – ein Überblick (in German)" (2008)
7832:
11677:
11642:
11587:
11473:
11016:
10460:
10266:
9628:
9513:
Kurt W. Böhme: "Die deutschen Kriegsgefangenen in Jugoslawien", Band I/1 der Reihe: Kurt W. Böhme,
8215:
7572:
7220:
5934:
5584:
5465:
4389:
German soldiers were kept as forced labour for many years after the war. The last German POWs like
4176:
3530:
3009:
2878:
2719:
covered the treatment of prisoners of war in detail. These provisions were further expanded in the
2713:
2509:
2336:
had no custom of ransoming prisoners of war, who could expect for the most part summary execution.
2019:
1886:
1433:
1126:
944:
792:
8659:
8550:
4041:
As the Red Army approached some POW camps in early 1945, German guards forced western Allied POWs
11383:
11275:
11198:
11114:
10951:
10763:
10335:
9884:
9014:
8995:
8412:
8161:
8082:
7650:
7363:
6753:
6713:
6021:
5619:
5605:
5507:
4906:
4594:
4457:
4422:
4296:. After 23 August, at the request of the prisoners to be organised into a military unit, General
3951:
3713:
3177:
3126:
2937:
2833:
2825:
2809:
2724:
2467:
1972:
1954:
1710:
1269:
1191:
1136:
734:
397:
48:
10014:
To Fight for My Country, Sir!: Memoirs of a 19-year-old B-17 Navigator Shot Down in Nazi Germany
7408:
Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General, U.S. Department of the Army,
6363:
6270:
3875:
3541:, the constraints of the Hague Conventions were explicitly removed on Chinese prisoners of war.
11413:
11398:
11191:
10881:
10589:
10562:
10435:
10287:
10166:
6960:"375,000 Austrians Have Died in Siberia; Remaining 125,000 War Prisoner...—Article Preview—The"
6939:
5654:
5633:
5598:
4796:
4437:. Thousands were executed; over 20,000 Polish military personnel and civilians perished in the
4273:
In the spring of 1944, with the increasing number of American and British prisoners due to the
3723:"—unmarked transport ships in which POWs were transported in harsh conditions—were attacked by
3562:
3286:
3168:, in April 1916. Many were weak and starved when they surrendered and 4,250 died in captivity.
2893:
2778:
2680:
2676:
2574:
2448:
2396:
2096:
1839:
1814:
1536:
1448:
1321:
1196:
797:
774:
220:
119:
9627:
The stories of several American fighter pilots, shot down over North Vietnam are the focus of
9165:
8974:
8203:
7917:
7911:
7504:
6927:
6315:
2683:
in Chicago, Illinois, 10% of its Confederate prisoners died during one cold winter month; and
2131:
For a large part of human history, prisoners of war would most often be either slaughtered or
11725:
11533:
11523:
11488:
11177:
11128:
10979:
10749:
7941:
6583:
6184:
6178:
5738:
4929:
4868:
4801:
4614:
4442:
3838:, Japan, waving flags of the United States, Great Britain, and the Netherlands in August 1945
3117:
3057:
3040:
2840:
2614:
2518:
2504:
1428:
1361:
1314:
968:
931:
894:
812:
764:
648:
458:
266:
175:
6866:
3072:
American soldiers of the 11th Engineer Regiment taken as prisoners of war by Germany in 1917
2687:
in New York state, with a death rate of 25% (2,963), nearly equalled that of Andersonville.
11652:
11612:
11493:
11094:
10853:
10742:
10414:
9456:
9368:
9346:
8885:
8449:
7336:
6860:"Department of Defense Instruction January 8, 2008 Incorporating Change 1, August 14, 2009"
6284:
5809:
5774:
5724:
5542:
5402:
5066:
4383:
4297:
4247:
4113:
4109:
4074:
4069:
nothing for them, as they were not regarded as POWs, but the prisoners held the status of "
3735:
3245:
3016:
2534:
2496:
2460:
2314:
Likewise, the inhabitants of conquered cities were frequently massacred during Christians'
2103:
them as their own combatants, collecting military and political intelligence from them, or
1819:
1721:
1578:
1573:
1391:
1356:
1091:
911:
769:
705:
559:
529:
126:
31:
8844:
5025:
4820:) regardless of their wishes. The forced repatriation operations took place in 1945–1947.
8:
11702:
11423:
11418:
11393:
11030:
10770:
5521:
5472:
5033:
4984:
4902:
4852:
An American POW being released by North Vietnamese and Viet Cong captors in February 1973
4566:
4168:
3554:
3496:
3182:
3157:
2997:
during World War II. Most were executed or sentenced to life in prison for their crimes.
2981:. German and Japanese military commanders were prosecuted for preparing and initiating a
2663:
2582:
2550:
2541:
in Huntingdonshire, England in 1797 to house the increasing number of prisoners from the
2538:
2500:
2456:
2436:
2280:
2252:
2176:
1670:
1655:
1531:
1418:
1396:
1371:
1331:
1241:
1051:
956:
906:
673:
663:
628:
420:
410:
180:
104:
8398:
National Defense Research Institute. RAND Corporation, p. 28 Retrieved 18 July 2012
8267:
6731:
5120:
3557:. The most notorious use of forced labour was in the construction of the Burma–Thailand
11740:
11617:
11543:
11438:
11242:
11142:
11135:
11037:
10800:
10349:
10342:
10280:
9494:
Ende des Dritten Reiches – Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Eine perspektivische Rückschau
9398:
8064:
7169:
7130:
6560:
6356:
5696:
5570:
5437:
4817:
4753:
4587:
4512:
4480:. An estimated 60,000 to 347,000 of these Japanese prisoners of war died in captivity.
4448:
Of the 230,000 Polish prisoners of war taken by the Soviet army, only 82,000 survived.
3986:
3962:
POW camps—especially during the last two years of the war—concerned shortages of food.
3724:
3585:
3573:
2960:
Paid for work done and not forced to do work that is dangerous, unhealthy, or degrading
2913:
2874:
2743:
2731:
2668:
2248:
2004:
1859:
1779:
1700:
1645:
1620:
1541:
1487:
1453:
1384:
1301:
1211:
1116:
1061:
951:
916:
869:
744:
715:
668:
606:
581:
415:
229:
148:
8131:
7885:
11647:
11607:
11560:
11508:
11433:
11235:
11212:
11001:
10986:
10958:
10944:
10657:
10520:
10218:
10017:
10003:
9986:
9928:
9916:
9899:
America's Captives: Treatment of POWs From the Revolutionary War to the War on Terror
9836:
9811:
9782:
9738:
9709:
9694:
9679:
9664:
9649:
9633:
9603:
9522:
9497:
9462:
9177:
9148:
9034:
8909:
8899:
8794:
8619:
8430:
8358:
8336:
8219:
7966:
7921:
7861:
7535:
7510:
7474:
7453:
7371:
7307:
7206:
7173:
6943:
6589:
6455:
6430:
6407:
6397:
6321:
6188:
6154:
6140:
6123:
5824:
5799:
5784:
5703:
5668:
5535:
5486:
5444:
5423:
5257:≈200,000 (135,000 taken in Europe, does not include Pacific or Commonwealth figures)
5055:
4746:
4688:
4305:
4267:
3774:
3743:
3510:
3194:
2982:
2912:
by government forces and are sometimes executed on spot or tortured. However, in the
2747:
2735:
2701:
2570:
2522:
2384:
constantly with neighbouring tribes and groups, aiming to collect live prisoners for
2339:
2288:
2184:
2180:
2040:
1949:
1896:
1799:
1789:
1784:
1754:
1737:
1732:
1705:
1650:
1351:
1341:
1336:
1326:
1246:
1236:
1231:
1206:
1176:
1066:
1036:
1031:
1021:
1016:
1006:
921:
874:
844:
683:
476:
453:
387:
10072:
First hand account of being a Japanese POW. Part 1 in a series of 4 video interviews
9975:
regarding their individual experiences as POWs and the memoirs they each published:
9496:. Herausgegeben im Auftrag des Militärgeschichtlichen Forschungsamtes. Munich 1995.
9286:"The True Story of India's Decision to Release 93,000 Pakistani POWs After 1971 War"
9246:
5148:(the death rate for German prisoners of war was highest in Yugoslavia with over 50%)
4890:
The 1952 Inter-Camp POW Olympics were held from 15 to 27 November 1952 in Pyuktong,
4259:
4164:
4156:
2966:
Not compelled to give any information except for name, age, rank, and service number
2009:
11781:
11637:
11553:
11518:
11156:
11121:
10867:
10846:
10735:
10694:
10384:
9894:
7907:
7161:
6502:
6235:
5759:
5626:
5479:
5395:
5299:
5284:
5236:; 240,000 taken by the Soviets in 1939; 15,000 taken by Germany in Warsaw in 1944)
5021:
4813:
4785:
4692:
4619:
4543:
4042:
4002:
3891:
3800:
3546:
3538:
3506:
3190:
3156:
often treated prisoners of war poorly. Some 11,800 British soldiers, most from the
3134:
2974:
2829:
2817:
2499:, are an example. Such narratives enjoyed some popularity, spawning a genre of the
2268:
2191:
2014:
1979:
1911:
1804:
1742:
1635:
1563:
1556:
1413:
1346:
1296:
1286:
1161:
1081:
1041:
1026:
993:
978:
849:
834:
787:
695:
653:
596:
591:
549:
372:
349:
256:
185:
114:
97:
9776:
3862:
Malnourished Australian POWs forced to work at the Aso mining company, August 1945
3734:
Life in the POW camps was recorded at great risk to themselves by artists such as
2080:. The earliest recorded usage of the phrase "prisoner of war" dates back to 1610.
11715:
11667:
11627:
11528:
11478:
11087:
10874:
10823:
10513:
10481:
10400:
9995:
9375:
9272:
9254:
9172:
9106:
9021:
9002:
8952:
8933:
8926:
8868:
8819:
8691:
8613:
8467:
8394:
8373:
8325:
8302:
8274:
8210:
7657:
7428:
7083:
7034:
6934:
6214:
6053:
5752:
5717:
5710:
5563:
5458:
5351:
5040:
4638:
4550:
4055:
3997:, experienced four years of captivity under entirely normal conditions for POWs.
3990:
3739:
3518:
2821:
2599:
2546:
2492:
2084:
1824:
1809:
1727:
1683:
1625:
1281:
1276:
1166:
1156:
1071:
1046:
988:
829:
759:
749:
601:
586:
509:
481:
281:
261:
109:
9779:: Life of the French prisoners of war at the peasants of low Bavaria (1939–1945)
8366:
7763:
5556:
4558:
11657:
11582:
11538:
10937:
10916:
10784:
10712:
10548:
10541:
10534:
10474:
10421:
9828:
9663:
2nd ed. (Melbourne: Oxford University Press Australia & New Zealand, 2008)
9568:
9103:"Chinese operated three types of POW camps for Americans during the Korean War"
8861:
8781:
8351:
7828:
5850:
Medal for civilian prisoners, deportees and hostages of the 1914–1918 Great War
5804:
5731:
5514:
5252:
4961:
4726:
4696:
4597:
were installed. A considerable amount of military intelligence was gained from
4438:
4417:
4398:
4390:
4345:
4175:. By 1942, the number reached 12 camps of which 10 were in Romania, and two in
4022:
3994:
3947:
3306:
3274:
3227:
3186:
3153:
3109:
3013:
2845:
2793:
2785:
2763:
2514:
2400:
2304:
2194:, touched by the plight of Persian prisoners captured in a recent war with the
2162:
2104:
2077:
1999:
1747:
1171:
1131:
1109:
1096:
1086:
1056:
973:
926:
729:
720:
611:
564:
544:
534:
504:
471:
359:
316:
271:
143:
76:
8455:"Americans, Germans, and War Crimes: Converging Narratives from "the Good War"
7700:
Royal Canadian Air Force Association, "Allied Officers Deported to Buchenwald"
7165:
6990:
Prisoners, Diplomats and the Great War: A Study in the Diplomacy of Captivity.
6757:
4730:
3281:, e.g. in France, until 1920. They were released after many approaches by the
11755:
11687:
11622:
11503:
10860:
10580:
10569:
10370:
9978:
9514:
9492:
Rüdiger Overmans: "Die Rheinwiesenlager 1945" in: Hans-Erich Volkmann (ed.):
9265:
8481:"How Britain's German-born Jewish 'secret listeners' helped win World War II"
7882:"Report at the session of the Russian association of WWII historians in 1998"
7789:
6174:
6097:
5528:
5451:
5330:
5044:
5039:
In 2001, reports emerged concerning two POWs that India had taken during the
5009:
5002:
4991:
4941:
4623:). Controversy has arisen about how Eisenhower managed these prisoners. (see
4598:
4490:
4473:
4282:
4216:
4200:
4152:
3993:
who had enlisted in the British Army, and who was captured by the Germans in
3978:
3754:
3747:
3558:
3278:
3105:
3097:
92,000 Russians surrendered during the battle. When the besieged garrison of
2808:
Japanese illustration depicting the beheading of Chinese captives during the
2759:
2755:
2704:
that specified that prisoners of war be treated humanely and diplomatically.
2684:
2610:
2419:
in 627. The Muslims divided up the females and children of those executed as
2381:
2359:
2344:
2292:
2264:
2214:
1846:
1834:
1690:
1610:
1526:
1509:
1366:
1221:
1201:
884:
879:
859:
839:
754:
725:
700:
576:
554:
539:
514:
354:
276:
239:
234:
131:
8913:
8507:"History of Prisoner of War Utilization by the United States Army 1776–1945"
5902:
5365:, of them, it is estimated that between 60,000 and 347,000 died in captivity
4828:
4409:, were not released by the Soviets until 1955, two years after Stalin died.
4250:. The airmen were interned at first in the court of the Central Seminary in
11597:
11592:
11483:
11360:
11328:
11062:
11023:
10687:
10671:
10453:
10407:
10189:
9953:"American Soldiers and POW Killing in the European Theater of World War II"
9748:
9721:
History of prisoner of war utilisation by the United States Army, 1776–1945
7047:
6411:
5549:
5362:
5310:
5174:
5159:
5110:
5051:, where they spent the following 38 years under a special prisoner status.
5029:
4937:
4718:
4625:
4204:
4151:
Between 1941 and 1944, 91,060 Soviet prisoners of war were captured by the
4007:
3982:
3161:
3093:
surrenders were uncommon; usually a large unit surrendered all its men. At
2978:
2789:
2563:
2416:
2333:
2195:
2100:
2088:
2033:
1959:
1939:
1934:
1829:
1774:
1408:
1403:
1226:
1141:
889:
623:
524:
321:
225:
9683:
9668:
9659:
Peter Dennis, Jeffrey Grey, Ewan Morris, Robin Prior with Jean Bou :
6899:
Geo G. Phillimore and Hugh H. L. Bellot, "Treatment of Prisoners of War",
4860:
Recently released American POWs from North Vietnamese prison camps in 1973
3965:
2230:
2139:
could be prisoners of war, categorised according to their ethnic roots as
11463:
10839:
10807:
10680:
10641:
10634:
10527:
10506:
10467:
10428:
10356:
10204:
7532:
Threads of life : a history of the world through the eye of a needle
7390:
5834:
5689:
5647:
5137:
4921:
4914:
4891:
4649:
4607:
4406:
4160:
4100:
4013:
3534:
3165:
3032:
2990:
2672:
2606:
2260:
2222:
2073:
1944:
1695:
1660:
1499:
1186:
1151:
864:
807:
710:
494:
215:
210:
52:
9202:
8611:
8083:"No. 40 Squadron Wellington X ME990 -R F/O. Lawrence Franklin Tichborne"
6391:
5117:
About 3 million taken by USSR (474,967 died in captivity (>15%))
3501:
2295:. When asked by a Crusader how to distinguish between the Catholics and
11468:
10627:
10555:
10391:
10377:
10363:
10328:
10225:
9823:
Beyond the Bamboo Screen: Scottish Prisoners of War under the Japanese.
9755:. First Published Arris Books, 2006. 2nd ed., Constable Robinson, 2007.
9483:, Greenhill Books, London, 1997, G. F. Krivosheev, editor (ref. Streit)
9054:
7942:"Part VIII: Execution of the convention #Section I: General provisions"
5129:
4880:
4872:
4856:
4713:
4394:
4364:
4033:
Telegram notifying parents of an American POW of his capture by Germany
3895:
3761:, recorded their ordeal in seemingly harmless prison quilt embroidery.
3021:
2897:
2889:
2858:
2650:
2631:
2555:
2267:
aimed to not only defeat but also to eliminate enemies. Authorities in
2124:
1901:
1871:
1593:
962:
9275:. Taskforceomegainc.org (17 September 1996). Retrieved on 24 May 2014.
8318:
6756:. International Committee of the Red Cross. 5 May 2008. Archived from
6452:
Zwischen Tätern und Opfern: Gewaltbeziehungen und Gewaltgemeinschaften
3313:, tabulated the total death rate for POWs in World War II as follows:
2300:
2210:
11448:
10488:
10090:
War Memoirs of a British Army Signalman as a prisoner of the Japanese
9638:
9519:
Zur Geschichte der deutschen Kriegsgefangenen des Zweiten Weltkrieges
7984:
Order within Anarchy: The Laws of War as an International Institution
5675:
4925:
4917:
to distant POW camps, only 3,290 were repatriated four months later.
4910:
4741:
4465:
4402:
4251:
3959:
3910:
Captured soldiers of the British Indian Army executed by the Japanese
3758:
3727:
3720:
3121:
2909:
2905:
2870:
2866:
2854:
2739:
2639:
2578:
2284:
2199:
2144:
2136:
2115:
2092:
2069:
1891:
1715:
1665:
1615:
1605:
1600:
1465:
1256:
1251:
1216:
658:
344:
311:
200:
7450:
Prisoners of the Japanese : POWs of World War II in the Pacific
4586:. Some breaches of the Convention took place, however. According to
4534:
3954:, France, the U.S., and other western Allies in accordance with the
3894:
captured at New Guinea moments before his execution with a Japanese
2954:
Allowed to communicate regularly with relatives and receive packages
11710:
11548:
10243:
10211:
8872:
8279:
8025:"1943 – 1944. Prizonieri de război americani și englezi în România"
7733:
5382:
4998:
4725:. Such forced Hungarian labour by the USSR is often referred to as
4477:
4469:
4180:
4172:
3835:
3550:
3142:
3062:
2994:
2901:
2862:
2816:
To be entitled to prisoner-of-war status, captured persons must be
2444:
2411:
2323:
2315:
2276:
2234:
2140:
1906:
1881:
1514:
1146:
1121:
739:
294:
168:
10127:
Notes of Japanese soldier in a USSR prison camp after World War II
6090:"Church Fathers: Church History, Book VII (Socrates Scholasticus)"
4464:
were captured by the Soviet Union. The prisoners were captured in
4354:
2843:, the requirement of a distinctive marking is no longer included.
2517:, a sailor who wrote a memoir about his years as a captive of the
11513:
11458:
11443:
11428:
10301:
10273:
10252:
7825:"Soviet Prisoners of War: Forgotten Nazi Victims of World War II"
5233:
5209:
5180:
5145:
5141:
4680:
4642:
4538:
4378:
According to some sources, the Soviets captured 3.5 million
4304:
Regiment. All Western Allied POWs were evacuated to Italy during
3731:
POWs died at sea, about 19,000 of them killed by friendly fire."
3277:
prisoners of the Allies and Russia, many of whom had to serve as
3238:
3219:
3138:
2850:
2296:
2132:
1916:
1876:
1640:
1474:
1470:
817:
802:
678:
339:
334:
304:
243:
205:
10158:
9848:
Useful Captives: The Role of POWs in American Military Conflicts
3977:—or whom the Nazis believed to be Jewish—were killed as part of
3594:
Number of Western Allied POWs and Death Rate Under the Japanese
3120:
held about 720,000, mostly gained in the period just before the
2944:
Treated humanely with respect for their persons and their honour
2528:
10312:
10060:
Soviet Prisoners of War: Forgotten Nazi Victims of World War II
9708:. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. Republished by Penguin, 1992;
9394:"Threats and Responses: Briefly Noted; Iran-Iraq Prisoner Deal"
8040:"Prizonierii americani în "colivia de aur" de la Timișu de Jos"
7016:
Silent Battle: Canadian Prisoners of War in Germany, 1914–1919.
6807:"War in the Gulf: P.O.W.'s; U.S. Says Prisoners Seem War-Weary"
6507:"Site of the Norman Cross Depot for Prisoners of War (1006782)"
5795:
Camps for Russian prisoners and internees in Poland (1919–1924)
5227:
5203:
5133:
5048:
4895:
4757:
4676:
4657:
4255:
4029:
3215:
3146:
3098:
2986:
2916:, both sides treated captured troops as POWs presumably out of
2697:
2367:
2327:
2319:
2272:
2171:
1423:
824:
641:
377:
10909:
Association for the Protection and Assistance of the Convicted
9862:
The British Empire and Its Italian Prisoners of War, 1940–1947
9808:
Histoire de la captivité des Français en Allemagne (1939–1945)
9077:"Forced Repatriation to the Soviet Union: The Secret Betrayal"
8793:
David Lubań, "Legal Modernism", Univ of Michigan Press, 1994.
7704:
National Museum of the USAF, "Allied Victims of the Holocaust"
7569:"International Humanitarian Law – State Parties / Signatories"
7471:
Prisoners of the Japanese: POWs of World War II in the Pacific
7221:"International Humanitarian Law – State Parties / Signatories"
6396:. New York: Inner Traditions International. pp. 229–233.
4848:
3850:
Liberated Canadian POWs arriving in Manilla, Philippines, 1945
2476:
2392:
in 1487, "between 10,000 and 80,400 persons" were sacrificed.
2251:'s English army killed many French prisoners of war after the
11226:
10259:
9911:(2nd ed.). Millerton, NY: Grey House Pub, 2006. p.
9574:
Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies
9247:
pp 26–33 Transfer of U.S. Korean War POWs To the Soviet Union
8388:
POW/MIA Issues: Volume 2, World War II and the Early Cold War
6269:
Hassig, Ross (2003). "El sacrificio y las guerras floridas".
4476:, then sent to work as forced labour in the Soviet Union and
4349:
4300:
approved the transfer of 896 POWs to the barracks of the 4th
4242:, the former Normal School used as Camp No. 13 during the war
4184:
4073:". Treatment of the prisoners was generally poor. The author
3223:
2957:
Given adequate food, clothing, housing, and medical attention
2378:
2226:
2157:
2148:
2120:
899:
435:
430:
9946:
Open Road to Faraway: Escapes from Nazi POW Camps 1941–1945.
9481:
Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century
8268:
Japanese POW group says files on over 500,000 held in Moscow
7534:. London: Spectre (Hodder & Stoughton). pp. 50–58.
6710:"The Practical Guide to Humanitarian Law: Protected Persons"
6612:. U.S. National Park Service). 18 July 2014. Archived from
6541:
on 27 February 2019 – via Munich Digitization Center.
6234:. Faculty.washington.edu. 29 September 2007. Archived from
5273:
5082:
5013:
4653:
4270:, who was nicknamed "The Angel of Ploiești" by the airmen.
4254:, with the wounded airmen taken to the no. 415 Hospital in
4138:. Third Reich officials left the Soviet "note" unanswered.
3282:
3088:
German soldier of Infantry Regiment 120, POW 1 January 1918
2770:
2751:
2730:
Article 4 of the Third Geneva Convention protects captured
2371:
195:
190:
8834:"Hungarian Prisoners-of-War In French Captivity 1945–1947"
7027:
British National Archives, "The Mesopotamia campaign", at
6585:
Captives in Blue: The Civil War Prisons of the Confederacy
4496:
3252:, written in his own hand and reproduced on a lithograph.
2279:
desirable. Examples of such wars include the 13th-century
9967:
On 12 February 2013, three American POWs gathered at the
8895:
History of United States Naval Operations in World War II
8504:
7676:
7189:
Savage Continent: Europe in the aftermath of World War II
6928:
Disobedience and Conspiracy in the German Army, 1918–1945
6015:"The Enslavement of War Captives by the Romans to 146 BC"
4905:, of the 11,721 French soldiers taken prisoner after the
4433:
in 1939, hundreds of thousands of Polish soldiers became
4281:, in a frequently bombed area. It was later moved to the
3974:
3068:
2581:
and prisoner camp for around 6,000 POWs who lived in the
2244:) liberated captives after Genevieve urged him to do so.
68:
9964:
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2013.
6208:"Samurai, Warfare and the State in Early Medieval Japan"
5815:
Extermination of Soviet prisoners of war by Nazi Germany
5079:
Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
4311:
4190:
3973:
Only a small proportion of western Allied POWs who were
3218:
on 15 November. Plans were made for them to be sent via
3149:. In Germany, food was short, but only 5 per cent died.
2779:
restoring and maintaining family contact in times of war
8703:"Ex-Death Camp Tells Story of Nazi and Soviet Horrors"
8005:"Prizonieri de război sovietici în România (1941–1944)"
7304:
Slaughter at Sea: The Story of Japan's Naval War Crimes
6427:'Prisoners in early modern warfare' in Prisoners in War
4836:
bound and killed by North Koreans during the Korean War
4246:
The first Americans were captured in Romania following
3946:
Germany and Italy generally treated prisoners from the
3000:
9126:
9124:
8750:"Ex-Death Camp Tells Story of Nazi and Soviet Horrors"
8719:"Ex-Death Camp Tells Story of Nazi and Soviet Horrors"
8685:
ICRC in WW II: German prisoners of war in Allied hands
8425:
Dear, I.C.B; Foot, M.R.D., eds. (2005). "War Crimes".
4334:
Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939
2299:
following the projected capture (1209) of the city of
9908:
The Encyclopedia of Prisoners of War & Internment
9872:
Prisoners of the Reich, Germany's Captives, 1939–1945
9542:. Stern.de – Politik. 6 February 2012. Archived from
8679:
8677:
8615:
German migrants in post-war Britain: an enemy embrace
8429:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 983–984.
8204:
Livre noir du Communisme: crimes, terreur, répression
8130:. Worldwar2database.com. 27 July 2011. Archived from
4194:
Soviet POWs escorted by a Romanian cavalryman in 1941
3788:
Australian and Dutch POWs at Tarsau, Thailand in 1943
9835:
1979 Stein & Day; 1991, 1996 Scarborough House.
8291:
8289:
7473:. Melbourne: Scribe Publications. pp. 295–297.
7257:"Japanese troops ate flesh of enemies and civilians"
6634:
6065:
5790:
Armenian POWs during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
4885:
Treatment of POWs by North Korean and Chinese forces
4762:
Allied war crimes during World War II in the Pacific
4683:, and handed them over to the Soviet Union instead.
4374:
German prisoners of war being paraded through Moscow
2451:, were often denied the status of prisoners of war.
9661:
The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History
9581:
Full text of Third Geneva Convention, 1949 revision
9121:
8607:
8605:
7672:"'Soldiers and Slaves' Details Saga of Jewish POWs"
7052:
The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History
6553:"Die Aufzeichnungen des Totengräbers Ahlemann 1813"
6501:
3080:
US POWs at German prison camp Rastatt, Germany 1918
11721:Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation
9855:Prisoners of War and Their Captors in World War II
9648:, 1st ed.; 1997, BasicBooks (HarperCollins, Inc).
9476:
9474:
9249:. Nationalalliance.org. Retrieved on 24 May 2014.
8674:
8319:POW in the USSR 1939–1956: Documents and Materials
8263:
8261:
6355:
5065:, Ukrainian POWs have described being tortured by
4771:After the war, many Japanese POWs were kept on as
3822:rescued from Los Baños Internment Camp, March 1945
2483:Prisoners of war in the American Revolutionary War
9957:United States. Government Accountability Office.
8583:
8286:
7595:"Pride and Peril: Jewish American POWs in Europe"
6581:
6362:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p.
4745:A group of Japanese soldiers captured during the
3712:No direct access to the POWs was provided to the
3553:, starvation rations, poor medical treatment and
11753:
11249:United Kingdom and British overseas territories
8602:
7906:
6821:
6454:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 107–129.
6393:Muhammad: his life based on the earliest sources
5875:World War II Radio Heroes: Letters of Compassion
4934:United States servicemembers as prisoners of war
4554:US Army: Card of capture for German POWs – front
4016:and US aviators who were held for two months at
3481:
9471:
8258:
7254:
6667:"Andersonville: Prisoner of War Camp-Reading 1"
6588:. University of Alabama Press. pp. 57–73.
6320:. Columbia University Press. pp. 371–372.
6148:
6147:, quoted by Andrew Gurr in his introduction to
4355:Germans, Romanians, Italians, Hungarians, Finns
3137:prisoners of war taken by Russians perished in
2707:
10121:New Zealand PoWs of Germany, Italy & Japan
10000:Taps on the Walls: Poems from the Hanoi Hilton
9781:– Mémoires et Cultures – 2007.
9678:10th ed. (Sydney: Angus & Robinson, 1941)
9369:Two Chinese prisoners from '62 war repatriated
9051:"Repatriation – The Dark Side of World War II"
8875:, 17 September 2000. Accessed 11 December 2016
8514:Center of Military History, United States Army
8228:
7874:
5865:Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project (RULAC)
4812:On 11 February 1945, at the conclusion of the
4091:German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war
3572:Thousands of US and Filipino POWs died on the
2721:1929 Geneva Convention on the Prisoners of War
2205:
11344:
10174:
10154:Jewish POW swapped by Germans in World War II
8157:The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field
6693:"US Civil War Prison Camps Claimed Thousands"
6066:Eisenberg, Bonnie; Ruthsdotter, Mary (1998).
4330:Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
4322:Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
2529:French Revolutionary wars and Napoleonic wars
2041:
11358:
10066:Reports made by World War I prisoners of war
9759:
9391:
8963:
8128:"German POWs in Allied Hands – World War II"
7726:"Death March from Stalag Luft 4 during WWII"
7556:The Unfree French: Life under the Occupation
7329:"Forgotten tragedy of Italian war detainees"
7203:"World War II – prisoners of war POWs Japan"
6938:". Robert B. Kane, Peter Loewenberg (2008).
6669:. U.S. National Park Service. Archived from
6291:. Latinamericanstudies.org. pp. 46–51.
6118:Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John.
5977:
5820:German prisoners of war in the United States
4699:in October 1945 that the Allies themselves,
4525:German prisoners of war in the United States
4338:Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
4326:Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
3834:Allied prisoners of war at Aomori camp near
2773:has a special role to play, with regards to
2594:The extensive period of conflict during the
2107:them in new political or religious beliefs.
11389:Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention
9540:"Kriegsgefangene: Viele kamen nicht zurück"
9186:
8500:
8498:
7934:
7362:
7245:, Kikan Sensô Sekinin Kenkyû 9, 1995, p. 22
6830:"Pentagon: We Don't Call Them POWs Anymore"
6358:Islam. Its History, Teaching, and Practices
6149:Shakespeare, William; Gurr, Andrew (2005).
6145:Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland
4503:Lists of World War II prisoner-of-war camps
4342:German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
3209:Celebration for returning POWs, Berlin 1920
3061:German soldiers captured by the British in
2477:European settlers captured in North America
11351:
11337:
10931:International Network of Prison Ministries
10181:
10167:
8214:". Stéphane Courtois, Mark Kramer (1999).
8059:
8057:
7857:Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory
7050:, Ewan Morris, Robin Prior with Jean Bou,
6537:(in German). p. 305ff. Archived from
6256:Meyer, Michael C. and William L. Sherman.
6153:. Cambridge University Press. p. 24.
6122:. 3rd ed., New York: Penguin Books, 1993.
4940:. Communist Vietnamese held in custody by
4582:prisoners strictly in accordance with the
4517:Forced labor of Germans after World War II
3523:1929 Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War
3521:, which had signed but never ratified the
3006:The United States Military Code of Conduct
2048:
2034:
30:"POW" redirects here. For other uses, see
7358:
7356:
7354:
7306:. Pen & Sword Maritime. p. 252.
4792:, the UK and US due to labour shortages.
4521:Japanese prisoners of war in World War II
4222:
3773:Water colour sketch of "Dusty" Rhodes by
2947:Able to inform their next of kin and the
2700:being adopted and becoming recognised as
10757:Mentally ill people in the United States
10148:Historic films about POWs in World War I
9983:She Went to War: The Rhonda Cornum Story
9853:Moore, Bob, & Kent Fedorowich eds.,
9730:; Charles Tuttle Company, Vermont, 1965.
9693:, 1984 Artlook Books Western Australia.
8973:. CNN. 23 September 1996. Archived from
8946:American troops 'murdered Japanese PoWs'
8898:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
8643:
8495:
8424:
8174:
8018:
8016:
8014:
7998:
7996:
7994:
7992:
7151:
7127:International Committee of the Red Cross
6827:
6529:
6353:
6260:. Oxford University Press, 5th ed. 1995.
6068:"History of the Women's Rights Movement"
5358:16,000–50,000 captured by Western Allies
5081:entered into force on 19 June 1931. The
4863:
4855:
4847:
4839:
4827:
4776:arrival of Allied forces in the region.
4740:
4565:
4557:
4549:
4533:
4416:
4369:
4358:
4262:, in the newly established Camp No. 14 (
4226:
4189:
4118:
4094:
4084:
4028:
3964:
3942:Belgian prisoners of war in World War II
3567:
3500:
3296:
3204:
3160:, became prisoners after the five-month
3083:
3075:
3067:
3056:
2949:International Committee of the Red Cross
2803:
2717:IV – The Laws and Customs of War on Land
2645:
2630:
2491:, exist in some number. The writings of
2430:
2338:
2209:
2114:
1012:List of military strategies and concepts
42:
27:Military term for a captive of the enemy
11603:Right to an adequate standard of living
10132:German prisoners of war in Allied hands
9577:. Vol. 36, No. 2. 2008. pp. 19–35.
8971:"Photos document brutality in Shanghai"
8884:
8146:
8054:
7669:
7396:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
6804:
6635:Richard Wightman Fox (7 January 2008).
6474:
6449:
6112:
5830:Korean War POWs detained in North Korea
5780:13th Psychological Operations Battalion
5387:
4497:Treatment of POWs by the Western Allies
3935:
3927:French prisoners of war in World War II
3509:surrendering to the Japanese after the
3200:
2435:Casting the dice for life or death, by
14:
11754:
11404:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
11010:Prison Officers' Association (Ireland)
9846:Krebs, Daniel, and Lorien Foote, eds.
9459:: The Russian-Geran Conflict 1941–1945
9176:. William C. Jeffries (2006). p. 388.
9095:
8747:
8716:
8649:
8312:
8177:"Polish deportees in the Soviet Union"
7853:
7529:
7502:
7422:Japanese Atrocities in the Philippines
7351:
7301:
7243:Nitchû Sensô ni Okeru Horyo Gyakusatsu
6424:
6282:
6173:
5085:had not signed the Geneva Convention.
4233:Bucharest Faculty of Orthodox Theology
2884:The criteria are applied primarily to
2495:, captured in the chaotic fighting of
2271:often considered the extermination of
11332:
10162:
10084:Current status of Vietnam War POW/MIA
10036:Prisoners of war and humanitarian law
9904:
9311:"Falkland Islands: a gentleman's war"
9223:
9192:
8102:"German POWs and the Art of Survival"
8011:
7989:
6702:
6389:
6344:. Islamic Texts Society, 1992, p. 104
6313:
5956:North African Campaign (World War II)
5855:Military Chaplain#Noncombatant status
5376:
5306:114,861 lost or captured by US and UK
4507:Allied war crimes during World War II
4312:Treatment of POWs by the Soviet Union
2620:
2589:
2366:, and all the population killed). In
2343:Aztec sacrifices, as depicted in the
2076:power during or immediately after an
11312:
9891:, 2011, retrieved: 16 November 2011.
9850:(University Press of Kansas, 2021).
9810:, Éditions Gallimard, France, 1967.
9426:"Ukraine / Russia: Prisoners of war"
8748:Butler, Desmond (17 December 2001).
8717:Butler, Desmond (17 December 2001).
8505:George G. Lewis; John Mehwa (1982).
8427:The Oxford Companion to World War II
8345:
8022:
8003:Duțu, Alesandru (25 November 2015).
8002:
7916:. New York: Hill and Wang. pp.
7468:
7431:". Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)
7370:. Avalon Publishing. pp. 2, 3.
7326:
7186:
6730:. Peace Pledge Union. Archived from
5054:The last prisoners of the 1980–1988
4823:
4435:prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
4287:"Regina Elisabeta" Military Hospital
3129:and inspections by neutral nations.
3001:U.S. Code of Conduct and terminology
2963:Released quickly after conflicts end
2309:Kill them all, God will know His own
10078:German POWs and the art of survival
9571:, "What is a Prisoner of War For?"
8831:
8478:
7509:. Simon and Schuster. p. 317.
6901:Transactions of the Grotius Society
6778:
6183:. Oxford University Press. p.
5335:≈130,000 (95,532 taken by Germany)
4279:6th Guard Regiment "Mihai Viteazul"
2489:indigenous peoples of North America
2217:riders with prisoners, 14th century
24:
9939:Militargeschichtliche Mitteilungen
9768:
9621:
9236:from the original on 9 April 2023.
7860:. London: Pan Books. p. 271.
7255:McCarthy, Terry (12 August 1992).
7123:"Search results – Resource centre"
6805:Schmitt, Eric (19 February 1991).
6512:National Heritage List for England
5900:
5072:
4562:Reverse of US Army Card of capture
4401:, who had been declared guilty of
3920:
3486:
2940:, prisoners of war (POW) must be:
2358:In the 13th century the expanding
2087:still in the field (releasing and
25:
11793:
11524:Right to refuse medical treatment
10188:
10029:
9145:University of Massachusetts Press
8023:Duțu, Alesandru (2 August 2015).
6647:from the original on 15 June 2013
6380:, "Period of revelation", p. 159.
5094:Number of POWs held in captivity
5016:paramilitary forces supported by
4123:Naked Soviet prisoners of war in
3580:According to the findings of the
3108:held 2.5 million prisoners;
2799:
2533:The earliest known purpose-built
2190:In the fourth century AD, Bishop
11311:
11300:
11299:
10054:Archive of World War II memories
9860:Bob Moore, and Kent Fedorowich.
9857:, Berg Press, Oxford, UK, 1997.
9833:Nazi Prisoners of War in America
9719:George G. Lewis and John Mewha,
9532:
9507:
9486:
9448:
9418:
9385:
9361:
9325:
9303:
9278:
9259:
9240:
9224:Burns, Robert (29 August 1993).
9217:
9158:
9133:
9069:
9043:
9027:
9008:
8989:
8939:
8920:
8878:
8854:
8825:
8804:
8787:
8774:
8764:
8741:
8710:
8697:
8652:"The secrets of the London Cage"
8650:Cobain, Ian (12 November 2005).
8592:
8574:
8565:
8549:. 2 October 1989. Archived from
8535:
8472:
8443:
8418:
8401:
8379:
8236:"シベリア抑留、露に76万人分の資料 軍事公文書館でカード発見"
8195:
8179:. Wajszczuk.v.pl. Archived from
8168:
8104:. Historynet.com. Archived from
8099:
8037:
7129:. 3 October 2013. Archived from
6317:God's Rule: Government and Islam
6295:from the original on 19 May 2023
6120:The Penguin Dictionary of Saints
5944:
5840:List of notable prisoners of war
5361:560,000–760,000 captured by the
5344:
5323:
5292:
5266:
5245:
5220:
5196:
5167:
5103:
4968:in Lebanon by Syrian forces and
4669:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
4421:Katyn 1943 exhumation; photo by
4308:from 31 August to 3 September.
3903:
3883:
3867:
3855:
3843:
3827:
3812:
3793:
3781:
3766:
3753:Female prisoners (detainees) at
2828:, a combatant must be part of a
2723:and were largely revised in the
2322:in the 11th and 12th centuries.
2110:
2097:exploiting them for their labour
86:
36:Prisoner of war (disambiguation)
11081:Countries by incarceration rate
10994:Prison Fellowship International
9880:Prisoners and Detainees in War
9562:
9079:. Hillsdale.edu. Archived from
8120:
8093:
8075:
8071:(in Romanian). 28 October 2022.
8031:
7976:
7955:
7913:The Third Reich – A New History
7900:
7884:. Gpw.tellur.ru. Archived from
7847:
7817:
7804:
7778:
7748:
7718:
7709:
7692:
7663:
7643:
7617:
7587:
7561:
7548:
7523:
7496:
7487:
7462:
7443:
7434:
7415:
7402:
7384:
7320:
7295:
7271:
7248:
7235:
7213:
7195:
7180:
7145:
7115:
7089:
7070:
7057:
7040:
7021:
7008:
6995:
6982:
6952:
6919:
6906:
6893:
6884:
6852:
6798:
6772:
6746:
6720:
6685:
6659:
6628:
6602:
6575:
6545:
6523:
6495:
6483:
6468:
6443:
6418:
6383:
6370:
6347:
6334:
6307:
6285:"The Enigma of Aztec Sacrifice"
6276:
6263:
6250:
6224:
6219:The Journal of Japanese Studies
6201:
5980:"What is a Prisoner of War For"
5923:
5845:List of prisoner-of-war escapes
5417:As Far as My Feet Will Carry Me
4964:by their Egyptian captors, the
4797:Italy surrendered to the Allies
4049:
3292:
3053:Prisoners of war in World War I
2712:Chapter II of the Annex to the
2690:
2638:prisoners of war on the way to
2627:American Civil War prison camps
2426:
2239:
11736:Sexual and reproductive health
11633:Right to a healthy environment
10138:World War II U.S. POW Archives
9392:Nazila Fathi (14 March 2003).
8309:, 56th session, 13 April 2000.
8242:. 24 July 2009. Archived from
7670:Inskeep, Steve (30 May 2005).
7099:. Royal.gov.uk. Archived from
6966:. 8 April 2012. Archived from
6828:Thompson, Mark (17 May 2012).
6283:Harner, Michael (April 1977).
6167:
6133:
6082:
6059:
6040:
6006:
5971:
5893:
4773:Japanese Surrendered Personnel
4146:
4064:Massacre of the Acqui Division
3309:, in addition to figures from
3046:
2775:international humanitarian law
2746:, POWs acquires the status of
2653:soldier on his release from a
2562:outside the prison, mainly in
13:
1:
11653:Right to public participation
9998:– a collection of his poetry
9889:Institute of European History
8618:. Routledge. pp. 24–30.
8462:, Vol. 94, No. 4. March 2008
7812:Hitler's Willing Executioners
7627:. Jafi.org.il. Archived from
7601:. 26 May 2021. Archived from
6258:The Course of Mexican History
5881:
5578:Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence
5063:invasion of Ukraine by Russia
4736:
4708:
4691:, chief US prosecutor in the
4318:POW labor in the Soviet Union
4125:Mauthausen concentration camp
4018:Buchenwald concentration camp
3985:policies. For example, Major
3482:Treatment of POWs by the Axis
2602:(1793–1815), followed by the
2404:
2390:Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan
2388:. For the re-consecration of
2348:
11673:Right to science and culture
10973:Prison Advice and Care Trust
10123:New Zealand Official History
10095:Canada's Forgotten PoW Camps
10050:UK National Archives ADM 103
9105:. April 1997. Archived from
8890:Victory in the Pacific, 1945
8153:Benjamin Fischer (historian)
6903:, Vol. 5, (1919), pp. 47–64.
6754:"Story of an idea- the Film"
6691:Hall, Yancey (1 July 2003).
6232:"Central Asian world cities"
5964:
5952:Western Front (World War II)
5950:see references on the pages
5431:The Bridge on the River Kwai
4656:prisoner of war facility in
4483:
4264:Lagărul de prizonieri nr. 14
3173:Sinai and Palestine campaign
3008:was promulgated in 1955 via
2708:Hague and Geneva Conventions
2609:, led to the emergence of a
2221:According to legend, during
47:Serbian prisoners of war in
7:
11499:Right to keep and bear arms
11409:Freedom from discrimination
10101:German army list of Stalags
9905:Vance, Jonathan F. (2006).
9195:"In South Vietnamese Jails"
8460:Journal of American History
7756:"Guests of the Third Reich"
7335:. NHK World. Archived from
6916:(1999) pp. 368–69 for data.
6637:"National Life After Death"
6559:(in German). Archived from
5908:Online Etymology Dictionary
5767:
5683:Summer of My German Soldier
5410:Another Time, Another Place
4975:Indian intervention in the
4807:
4779:
4766:National Revolutionary Army
4451:
3981:or were subjected to other
3805:Santo Tomas Internment Camp
3112:held 2.9 million, and
2206:Middle Ages and Renaissance
2183:, and were held legally as
1505:Military–industrial complex
984:Operational manoeuvre group
10:
11798:
11777:Imprisonment and detention
11305:Imprisonment and detention
10233:Stanford prison experiment
10111:Colditz Oflag IVC POW Camp
10106:German army list of Oflags
10048:Prisoners of War 1755–1831
9723:; Dept. of the Army, 1955.
9333:"war story: Rhonda Cornum"
9193:Thanh, Ngo Ba; Luce, Don.
9166:Trap Door to the Dark Side
8307:Commission on Human Rights
7571:. Cicr.org. Archived from
7503:Miller, Donald L. (2008).
7097:"The Queen and technology"
6582:Roger Pickenpaugh (2013).
5937:, Arnaud Amalric was only
5641:Rambo: First Blood Part II
5380:
5232:675,000 (420,000 taken by
5179:5.7 million taken by
4529:
4510:
4500:
4315:
4141:
4088:
4060:Italian military internees
4053:
3939:
3924:
3915:
3490:
3050:
2624:
2596:American Revolutionary War
2480:
2068:) is a person who is held
29:
11696:
11663:Right to rest and leisure
11569:
11374:
11367:
11294:
11104:
11072:
11047:
10966:Prison abolition movement
10924:Florida Justice Institute
10900:
10704:
10619:
10579:
10498:
10445:
10320:
10311:
10242:
10196:
9969:Pritzker Military Library
9948:2001. Cualann Press Ltd.
9941:52 (1993) pp. 91–94.
9801:Pritzker Military Library
9764:3rd edition (Paris, 1920)
9704:Rivett, Rohan D. (1946).
9139:Adams, Clarence. (2007).
9053:. Fff.org. Archived from
9024:23 September 1996 image 3
9005:23 September 1996 image 2
8818:29 September 2011 at the
8357:, Doubleday, April 2003,
8301:29 September 2007 at the
8065:"Operatiunea Reunion (I)"
7760:guestsofthethirdreich.org
7166:10.1191/0968344504wh291oa
6450:Batelka, Philipp (2017).
6425:Wilson, Peter H. (2010).
5870:Vietnam War POW/MIA issue
5280:Coalition of the Gulf War
5185:million died in captivity
5096:
5090:
4977:Bangladesh Liberation War
4784:In 1943, Italy overthrew
4671:, at the time one of the
4462:Japanese prisoners of war
4431:Soviet invasion of Poland
4412:
3593:
3493:Far East prisoners of war
3321:
3318:
2931:
2543:French Revolutionary Wars
2525:coast from 1802 to 1805.
2225:'s siege and blockade of
1569:Loss-of-strength gradient
426:Combat information center
11678:Right to social security
11643:Right to Internet access
11588:Equal pay for equal work
11474:Presumption of innocence
11017:The Prison Phoenix Trust
10461:Administrative detention
9951:Harris, Justin Michael.
9874:, 1998; on British POWs
9797:Webcast Author Interview
9689:Alfred James Passfield,
9629:American Film Foundation
9171:25 December 2022 at the
9143:. Amherst & Boston.
8862:Hungarian POW identified
8841:www.hungarianhistory.com
8466:14 November 2010 at the
8216:Harvard University Press
8209:25 December 2022 at the
7786:"Le porte della Memoria"
7599:The National WWII Museum
7263:. London. Archived from
7223:. Icrc.org. 27 July 1929
7082:21 December 2016 at the
6933:25 December 2022 at the
6779:Penrose, Mary Margaret.
6697:National Geographic News
6475:Hohrath, Daniel (1999).
6354:Nigosian, S. A. (2004).
6314:Crone, Patricia (2004).
5935:Caesarius of Heisterbach
5886:
5154:1.3 million unknown
5058:were exchanged in 2003.
4570:Certificate of Discharge
3531:Second Sino-Japanese War
2879:Fourth Geneva Convention
2679:, 13,000 (28%) died. At
2510:The Last of the Mohicans
2127:, Egypt, 13th century BC
1887:Military science fiction
1372:Technology and equipment
793:List of military tactics
11767:17th-century neologisms
11554:right to be a candidate
11384:Equality before the law
11095:Films featuring prisons
10952:Mount Tamalpais College
10606:Prisoner-of-war escapes
10336:Corrective labor colony
10143:Korean War POW Archives
9885:European History Online
9866:excerpt and text search
9825:1999. Cualann Press Ltd
9753:Hitler's British Slaves
9588:Encyclopædia Britannica
9367:Shaikh Azizur Rahman, "
8951:19 October 2018 at the
8932:3 November 2012 at the
8867:11 October 2017 at the
8812:The Legacy of Nuremberg
8372:13 October 2007 at the
8324:2 November 2007 at the
8273:24 January 2008 at the
8162:Studies in Intelligence
7854:Davies, Norman (2006).
7033:10 October 2017 at the
6988:Richard B. Speed, III.
6785:Encyclopædia Britannica
6714:Doctors Without Borders
6535:"Collected Works vol 6"
6491:Encyclopædia Britannica
6378:Introduction of Ad-Dahr
6052:26 January 2020 at the
5606:The Password is Courage
4981:third Indo-Pakistan war
4952:, where many perished.
4907:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
4832:A U.S. Army POW of the
4423:International Red Cross
3714:International Red Cross
3178:Australian Flying Corps
3127:International Red Cross
2938:Third Geneva Convention
2834:laws and customs of war
2826:Third Geneva Convention
2824:. To qualify under the
2810:First Sino-Japanese War
2725:Third Geneva Convention
2466:There also evolved the
2364:ransacked and destroyed
1955:Wartime sexual violence
1711:Full-spectrum dominance
1522:Supply-chain management
11414:Freedom of information
11399:Freedom of association
10729:Contemplative programs
10436:Youth detention center
10288:Prisoner of conscience
9981:– with Peter Copeland
9760:
7530:Hunter, Clare (2019).
6390:Lings, Martin (1983).
5599:P.O.W.- Bandi Yuddh Ke
5032:forces killed POWs at
5020:forces killed POWs at
4876:
4861:
4853:
4845:
4837:
4834:21st Infantry Regiment
4749:
4706:
4575:
4563:
4555:
4547:
4426:
4393:, the highest-scoring
4375:
4367:
4275:restarted air campaign
4243:
4195:
4127:
4104:
4034:
3970:
3876:Cabanatuan prison camp
3577:
3563:Armistice of Cassibile
3514:
3302:
3287:Allied Supreme Council
3271:
3210:
3089:
3081:
3073:
3065:
2894:Additional Protocol II
2813:
2738:fighters, and certain
2677:Andersonville, Georgia
2658:
2643:
2642:prison in October 1864
2439:
2397:early Muslim conquests
2355:
2218:
2128:
1867:Awards and decorations
1840:Peace through strength
1815:Low-intensity conflict
1449:Conscientious objector
1322:Area of responsibility
56:
11726:Intersex human rights
11534:Right of self-defense
11489:Right to a fair trial
10980:Prison-Ashram Project
10150:European Film Gateway
10044:UK National Archives.
9777:Treize Qu'ils Etaient
9728:Mutine at Koje Island
9130:Adams, (2007), p. 62.
8886:Morison, Samuel Eliot
8690:26 April 2009 at the
8485:www.timesofisrael.com
8087:aircrewremembered.com
7506:D-Days in the Pacific
7302:Felton, Mark (2007).
6047:"The Roman Gladiator"
5978:John Hickman (2002).
5592:The One That Got Away
5381:Further information:
5190:World War II (total)
4930:North Vietnamese Army
4867:
4859:
4851:
4843:
4831:
4802:Italian Service Units
4744:
4701:
4615:Disarmed Enemy Forces
4574:(Front- and Backside)
4569:
4561:
4553:
4537:
4460:, 560,000 to 760,000
4420:
4373:
4362:
4230:
4207:per soldier per day.
4193:
4122:
4098:
4085:Eastern European POWs
4032:
3968:
3571:
3504:
3300:
3254:
3246:commissioned officers
3208:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3060:
3041:Prisoner of War Medal
3010:Executive Order 10631
2989:, ill treatment, and
2900:are often treated as
2841:Additional Protocol I
2807:
2714:1907 Hague Convention
2649:
2634:
2615:exchange of prisoners
2505:James Fenimore Cooper
2481:Further information:
2434:
2342:
2213:
2118:
2099:, recruiting or even
459:Torpedo data computer
449:Ship gun fire-control
46:
11613:Right to development
11494:Right to family life
11444:Freedom from torture
11429:Freedom from slavery
11164:Ireland, Republic of
10854:Solitary confinement
10415:Prisoner-of-war camp
10097:CBC Digital Archives
10068:UK National Archives
9973:webcast conversation
9631:'s 1999 documentary
9590:(CD ed.). 2002.
9380:The Washington Times
9374:28 July 2020 at the
9253:14 July 2014 at the
8450:James J. Weingartner
8413:Saint Helen's Island
8393:4 March 2016 at the
8385:Paul M. Cole (1994)
8165:, Winter 1999–2000.
7656:11 June 2007 at the
7625:"Ben Aharon Yitzhak"
7469:Daws, Gavan (1994).
7427:27 July 2003 at the
7187:Lowe, Keith (2012),
6271:Arqueología Mexicana
6213:4 March 2016 at the
5931:Dialogus Miraculorum
5860:Prisoner of war mail
5775:Prisoner-of-war camp
5388:Films and television
4997:In 1991, during the
4990:In 1982, during the
4950:"re-education" camps
4944:and American forces
4695:, told US President
4384:Battle of Stalingrad
4248:Operation Tidal Wave
4223:Western Allies' POWs
4114:Grigoriy Krivosheyev
4110:Operation Barbarossa
4075:Giovannino Guareschi
4005:, officially called
3936:Western Allies' POWs
3736:Jack Bridger Chalker
3529:, either during the
3201:Release of prisoners
3189:prisoners (from the
3017:Dwight D. Eisenhower
2993:of individuals, and
2573:both sides used the
2535:prisoner-of-war camp
2307:allegedly replied, "
1985:Military occupations
1820:Military engineering
1722:Unrestricted Warfare
1579:Force multiplication
477:Military manoeuvrers
32:POW (disambiguation)
11424:Freedom of religion
11419:Freedom of movement
11394:Freedom of assembly
11376:Civil and political
11031:Prison Reform Trust
10134:(World War II) ICRC
9877:Scheipers, Sibylle
9758:Desflandres, Jean,
9586:"Prisoner of War".
9436:on 31 December 2022
9406:on 26 December 2022
9020:14 May 2011 at the
9001:14 May 2011 at the
8367:Introduction online
8183:on 16 February 2012
8108:on 19 December 2007
7493:Daws (1994), p. 297
6728:"Geneva Convention"
6489:"Prisoner of war",
5990:(2). Archived from
5662:Slaughterhouse Five
5494:Faith of My Fathers
5473:Escape from Sobibor
5309:60,000 captured by
5208:1,800,000 taken by
5003:Major Rhonda Cornum
4985:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
4979:in 1971 led to the
4966:13 October massacre
4903:First Indochina War
4572:of a German General
4458:Soviet–Japanese War
4429:As a result of the
4003:Berga an der Elster
3551:medical experiments
3511:Battle of Singapore
3497:Japanese war crimes
3183:Czechoslovak Legion
3158:British Indian Army
2875:unlawful combatants
2551:Norman Cross Prison
2537:was established at
2501:captivity narrative
2457:Peace of Westphalia
2437:Jan van Huchtenburg
2303:, the papal legate
2281:Albigensian Crusade
2253:Battle of Agincourt
2177:Rape of the Sabines
1671:Penal military unit
1656:Rules of engagement
1332:Command and control
957:Operations research
421:Director (military)
411:Fire-control system
181:Command and control
62:Part of a series on
11741:Right to sexuality
11618:Right to education
11544:Security of person
11439:Freedom of thought
11038:WriteAPrisoner.com
10801:Protective custody
10350:Extermination camp
10281:Political prisoner
10088:Clifford Reddish.
10012:Donald E. Casey –
9737:; Pantheon, 2004.
9735:War Trash: A novel
9644:Lewis H. Carlson,
9521:, Bielefeld 1976,
9399:The New York Times
9271:7 May 2013 at the
9083:on 7 February 2012
9057:on 17 January 2012
8754:The New York Times
8723:The New York Times
8707:, 17 December 2001
7810:Daniel Goldhagen,
7649:See, for example,
7575:on 5 February 2012
7558:(2006) pp. 183–214
7327:Tsuyoshi, Masuda.
7067:(1941) pp. 620–622
6811:The New York Times
6760:on 29 October 2021
6340:Roger DuPasquier.
6238:on 18 January 2012
5984:Scientia Militaria
5941:to have said that.
5739:Von Ryan's Express
5697:Tea with Mussolini
5571:The McKenzie Break
5438:The Brylcreem Boys
5377:In popular culture
5278:≈175,000 taken by
5128:Unknown number in
4970:June 1990 massacre
4946:were also tortured
4901:At the end of the
4877:
4862:
4854:
4846:
4838:
4818:Operation Keelhaul
4754:Battle of Iwo Jima
4750:
4673:NKVD special camps
4588:Stephen E. Ambrose
4576:
4564:
4556:
4548:
4513:Operation Keelhaul
4427:
4397:in the history of
4376:
4368:
4244:
4196:
4128:
4105:
4071:military internees
4035:
3987:Yitzhak Ben-Aharon
3971:
3878:, produced in 1946
3874:POW art depicting
3586:surrender of Japan
3578:
3574:Bataan Death March
3515:
3303:
3211:
3090:
3082:
3074:
3066:
2914:American Civil War
2814:
2766:(if applicable).
2744:Geneva Conventions
2732:military personnel
2669:American Civil War
2659:
2644:
2621:American Civil War
2590:Prisoner exchanges
2459:, which ended the
2440:
2356:
2219:
2129:
1780:Counter-insurgency
1701:Command of the sea
1646:Jewish laws on war
1621:Geneva Conventions
1157:Divide and conquer
952:Military operation
917:Tactical objective
416:Fire-control radar
393:Electronic-warfare
57:
11749:
11748:
11648:Right to property
11608:Right to clothing
11593:Fair remuneration
11561:Right to homeland
11509:Right to petition
11434:Freedom of speech
11326:
11325:
11262:England and Wales
11002:Prison Legal News
10987:Prison Fellowship
10945:Justice Defenders
10615:
10614:
10219:Prison healthcare
10116:Lamsdorf Reunited
9933:978-1-59237-170-9
9922:978-1-59237-120-4
9806:Gascare, Pierre.
9791:Doylem Robert C.
9743:978-0-375-42276-8
9634:Return with Honor
9529:, pp. 42–136, 254
9230:Los Angeles Times
9153:978-1-5584-9595-1
8799:978-0-472-10380-5
8760:on 28 March 2023.
8694:, 2 February 2005
8625:978-0-7146-5657-1
8479:Philpot, Robert.
8436:978-0-19-280670-3
8069:iar80flyagain.org
8038:Armă, Alexandru.
7982:James D. Morrow,
7927:978-0-8090-9325-0
7867:978-0-330-35212-3
7452:, by Gavan Daws,
7313:978-1-84415-647-4
6872:on 4 January 2014
6734:on 21 August 2007
6673:on 21 August 2013
6461:978-3-525-30099-2
6180:Europe: A History
6141:Raphael Holinshed
6094:www.newadvent.org
5929:According to the
5901:Harper, Douglas.
5825:Illegal combatant
5800:Civilian Internee
5785:1952 POW olympics
5669:Some Kind of Hero
5585:Missing in Action
5487:Escape to Victory
5466:Empire of the Sun
5445:The Colditz Story
5374:
5373:
4824:Post-World War II
4747:Battle of Okinawa
4689:Robert H. Jackson
4595:listening devices
4584:Geneva Convention
4306:Operation Reunion
4268:Catherine Caradja
4136:Hague Conventions
4132:Geneva Convention
3956:Geneva Convention
3775:Ashley George Old
3744:Ashley George Old
3710:
3709:
3605:Number of Deaths
3527:Hague Conventions
3479:
3478:
3395:Eastern Europeans
3195:Russian Civil War
2983:war of aggression
2818:lawful combatants
2748:protected persons
2702:international law
2657:POW camp, c. 1865
2571:Battle of Leipzig
2523:Pacific Northwest
2497:King Philip's War
2461:Thirty Years' War
2423:(spoils of war).
2326:could hope to be
2289:Northern Crusades
2058:
2057:
1950:Horses in warfare
1897:Anti-war movement
1800:Gunboat diplomacy
1790:Disaster response
1738:Philosophy of war
1733:Principles of war
1706:Deterrence theory
1651:Right of conquest
1574:Lanchester's laws
1342:Principles of war
1032:Counter-offensive
1017:Military campaign
922:Target saturation
845:Counterinsurgency
454:Gun data computer
388:Close air support
350:Aircraft carriers
51:captivity during
16:(Redirected from
11789:
11772:Aftermath of war
11762:Prisoners of war
11638:Right to housing
11572:Economic, social
11519:Right to protest
11514:Right to privacy
11353:
11346:
11339:
11330:
11329:
11319:
11315:
11314:
11307:
11303:
11302:
11287:
11278:
11271:
11269:Northern Ireland
11264:
11257:
11250:
11245:
11238:
11229:
11222:
11215:
11208:
11201:
11194:
11187:
11180:
11173:
11166:
11159:
11152:
11145:
11138:
11131:
11124:
11117:
11097:
11090:
11083:
11065:
11058:
11040:
11033:
11026:
11019:
11012:
11005:
10996:
10989:
10982:
10975:
10968:
10961:
10954:
10947:
10940:
10933:
10926:
10919:
10912:
10891:
10884:
10877:
10870:
10863:
10856:
10849:
10842:
10833:
10826:
10817:
10810:
10803:
10794:
10787:
10780:
10773:
10766:
10759:
10752:
10745:
10738:
10731:
10722:
10715:
10697:
10690:
10683:
10674:
10667:
10660:
10651:
10644:
10637:
10630:
10608:
10599:
10592:
10572:
10565:
10558:
10551:
10544:
10537:
10530:
10523:
10516:
10509:
10491:
10484:
10477:
10475:Maximum security
10470:
10463:
10456:
10438:
10431:
10424:
10417:
10410:
10403:
10394:
10387:
10380:
10373:
10366:
10359:
10352:
10345:
10338:
10331:
10318:
10317:
10304:
10297:
10290:
10283:
10276:
10269:
10262:
10255:
10235:
10228:
10221:
10214:
10207:
10183:
10176:
10169:
10160:
10159:
10042:Prisoners of War
9961:Representatives.
9944:Winton, Andrew,
9926:
9895:Paul J. Springer
9763:
9591:
9556:
9555:
9553:
9551:
9546:on 26 March 2023
9536:
9530:
9511:
9505:
9490:
9484:
9478:
9469:
9452:
9446:
9445:
9443:
9441:
9432:. Archived from
9422:
9416:
9415:
9413:
9411:
9402:. Archived from
9389:
9383:
9365:
9359:
9358:
9356:
9354:
9345:. Archived from
9329:
9323:
9322:
9317:. Archived from
9307:
9301:
9300:
9298:
9296:
9282:
9276:
9263:
9257:
9244:
9238:
9237:
9221:
9215:
9214:
9212:
9210:
9201:. Archived from
9190:
9184:
9162:
9156:
9137:
9131:
9128:
9119:
9118:
9116:
9114:
9109:on 19 April 2023
9099:
9093:
9092:
9090:
9088:
9073:
9067:
9066:
9064:
9062:
9047:
9041:
9031:
9025:
9012:
9006:
8993:
8987:
8986:
8984:
8982:
8967:
8961:
8943:
8937:
8936:, historynet.com
8927:Battle of Saipan
8924:
8918:
8917:
8882:
8876:
8858:
8852:
8851:
8850:on 1 March 2005.
8849:
8843:. Archived from
8838:
8829:
8823:
8808:
8802:
8791:
8785:
8778:
8772:
8768:
8762:
8761:
8756:. Archived from
8745:
8739:
8738:
8736:
8734:
8729:on 28 March 2023
8725:. Archived from
8714:
8708:
8701:
8695:
8681:
8672:
8671:
8669:
8667:
8658:. Archived from
8647:
8641:
8640:
8634:
8632:
8609:
8600:
8596:
8590:
8587:
8581:
8578:
8572:
8569:
8563:
8562:
8560:
8558:
8553:on 10 March 2007
8543:"Ike's Revenge?"
8539:
8533:
8532:
8530:
8528:
8522:
8516:. Archived from
8511:
8502:
8493:
8492:
8491:on 7 April 2023.
8487:. Archived from
8476:
8470:
8447:
8441:
8440:
8422:
8416:
8405:
8399:
8383:
8377:
8355:Gulag: A History
8349:
8343:
8331:Logos Publishers
8316:
8310:
8296:UN Press Release
8293:
8284:
8265:
8256:
8255:
8253:
8251:
8232:
8226:
8199:
8193:
8192:
8190:
8188:
8172:
8166:
8150:
8144:
8143:
8141:
8139:
8134:on 12 April 2012
8124:
8118:
8117:
8115:
8113:
8097:
8091:
8090:
8079:
8073:
8072:
8061:
8052:
8051:
8049:
8047:
8035:
8029:
8028:
8020:
8009:
8008:
8000:
7987:
7980:
7974:
7959:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7948:
7938:
7932:
7931:
7908:Michael Burleigh
7904:
7898:
7897:
7895:
7893:
7888:on 20 March 2012
7878:
7872:
7871:
7851:
7845:
7844:
7842:
7840:
7835:on 30 March 2008
7831:. Archived from
7821:
7815:
7808:
7802:
7801:
7799:
7797:
7788:. Archived from
7782:
7776:
7775:
7773:
7771:
7762:. Archived from
7752:
7746:
7745:
7743:
7741:
7732:. Archived from
7722:
7716:
7713:
7707:
7696:
7690:
7689:
7687:
7685:
7667:
7661:
7647:
7641:
7640:
7638:
7636:
7631:on 18 March 2012
7621:
7615:
7614:
7612:
7610:
7591:
7585:
7584:
7582:
7580:
7565:
7559:
7552:
7546:
7545:
7527:
7521:
7520:
7500:
7494:
7491:
7485:
7484:
7466:
7460:
7447:
7441:
7438:
7432:
7419:
7413:
7406:
7400:
7388:
7382:
7381:
7360:
7349:
7348:
7346:
7344:
7324:
7318:
7317:
7299:
7293:
7292:
7291:on 5 April 2023.
7290:
7284:. Archived from
7283:
7275:
7269:
7268:
7252:
7246:
7241:Akira Fujiwara,
7239:
7233:
7232:
7230:
7228:
7217:
7211:
7210:
7209:on 5 April 2023.
7205:. Archived from
7199:
7193:
7191:
7184:
7178:
7176:
7149:
7143:
7142:
7140:
7138:
7119:
7113:
7112:
7110:
7108:
7093:
7087:
7074:
7068:
7061:
7055:
7044:
7038:
7025:
7019:
7014:Desmond Morton,
7012:
7006:
7003:The Pity of War.
6999:
6993:
6986:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6975:
6970:on 26 March 2023
6956:
6950:
6923:
6917:
6914:The Pity of War.
6912:Niall Ferguson,
6910:
6904:
6897:
6891:
6888:
6882:
6881:
6879:
6877:
6871:
6865:. Archived from
6864:
6856:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6845:
6836:. Archived from
6825:
6819:
6818:
6817:on 7 April 2023.
6813:. Archived from
6802:
6796:
6795:
6793:
6791:
6776:
6770:
6769:
6767:
6765:
6750:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6739:
6724:
6718:
6717:
6706:
6700:
6689:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6678:
6663:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6652:
6632:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6621:
6606:
6600:
6599:
6579:
6573:
6572:
6570:
6568:
6549:
6543:
6542:
6527:
6521:
6520:
6519:on 5 April 2023.
6515:. Archived from
6503:Historic England
6499:
6493:
6487:
6481:
6480:
6472:
6466:
6465:
6447:
6441:
6440:
6422:
6416:
6415:
6387:
6381:
6376:Maududi (1967),
6374:
6368:
6367:
6361:
6351:
6345:
6338:
6332:
6331:
6311:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6300:
6280:
6274:
6267:
6261:
6254:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6243:
6228:
6222:
6205:
6199:
6198:
6171:
6165:
6164:
6137:
6131:
6116:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6105:
6096:. Archived from
6086:
6080:
6079:
6078:on 12 July 2018.
6074:. Archived from
6063:
6057:
6044:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6032:
6026:
6020:. Archived from
6019:
6010:
6004:
6003:
6001:
5999:
5994:on 26 March 2023
5975:
5958:
5948:
5942:
5927:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5915:
5897:
5760:The Wooden Horse
5746:The Walking Dead
5627:The Purple Heart
5508:The Great Escape
5480:Escape to Athena
5350:
5348:
5347:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5300:Kingdom of Italy
5298:
5296:
5295:
5285:Persian Gulf War
5272:
5270:
5269:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5202:
5200:
5199:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5121:Rüdiger Overmans
5109:
5107:
5106:
5088:
5087:
4942:South Vietnamese
4871:POWs during the
4814:Yalta Conference
4693:Nuremberg trials
4620:Rheinwiesenlager
4544:Rheinwiesenlager
4295:
4241:
3907:
3892:Leonard Siffleet
3887:
3871:
3859:
3847:
3831:
3820:U.S. Navy nurses
3816:
3801:U.S. Army Nurses
3797:
3785:
3770:
3591:
3590:
3539:Emperor Hirohito
3507:Suffolk Regiment
3316:
3315:
3269:
3191:Austro-Hungarian
3135:Austro-Hungarian
2951:of their capture
2830:chain of command
2822:enemy combatants
2409:
2406:
2353:
2350:
2269:Christian Europe
2243:
2241:
2192:Acacius of Amida
2085:enemy combatants
2050:
2043:
2036:
1805:Humanitarian aid
1743:Security dilemma
1564:Power projection
1347:Economy of force
1327:Chain of command
1042:Defence in depth
1027:Commerce raiding
850:Defeat in detail
186:Defense ministry
90:
81:
80:
71:
59:
58:
21:
11797:
11796:
11792:
11791:
11790:
11788:
11787:
11786:
11752:
11751:
11750:
11745:
11716:Family planning
11701:
11692:
11668:Right of return
11628:Right to health
11576:
11573:
11565:
11529:Right to resist
11479:Right of asylum
11370:
11363:
11357:
11327:
11322:
11310:
11298:
11290:
11283:
11274:
11267:
11260:
11253:
11248:
11241:
11234:
11225:
11218:
11211:
11204:
11197:
11190:
11183:
11176:
11169:
11162:
11155:
11148:
11141:
11134:
11127:
11120:
11113:
11100:
11093:
11086:
11079:
11068:
11061:
11054:
11043:
11036:
11029:
11022:
11015:
11008:
10999:
10992:
10985:
10978:
10971:
10964:
10957:
10950:
10943:
10936:
10929:
10922:
10915:
10907:
10896:
10887:
10882:Women in prison
10880:
10873:
10866:
10859:
10852:
10845:
10838:
10829:
10822:
10813:
10806:
10799:
10790:
10785:Private prisons
10783:
10776:
10769:
10762:
10755:
10748:
10741:
10734:
10727:
10718:
10711:
10700:
10693:
10686:
10679:
10670:
10663:
10656:
10647:
10640:
10633:
10626:
10611:
10604:
10595:
10588:
10575:
10568:
10561:
10554:
10547:
10540:
10533:
10526:
10519:
10512:
10505:
10494:
10487:
10480:
10473:
10466:
10459:
10452:
10446:Security levels
10441:
10434:
10427:
10420:
10413:
10406:
10399:
10390:
10383:
10376:
10369:
10362:
10355:
10348:
10341:
10334:
10327:
10307:
10300:
10295:Prisoner of war
10293:
10286:
10279:
10272:
10265:
10258:
10251:
10238:
10231:
10224:
10217:
10210:
10203:
10192:
10187:
10032:
9923:
9829:Krammer, Arnold
9821:McGowran, Tom,
9803:on 26 June 2010
9774:Devaux, Roger.
9771:
9769:Further reading
9637:, presented by
9624:
9622:Primary sources
9595:Gendercide site
9585:
9565:
9560:
9559:
9549:
9547:
9538:
9537:
9533:
9512:
9508:
9491:
9487:
9479:
9472:
9453:
9449:
9439:
9437:
9424:
9423:
9419:
9409:
9407:
9390:
9386:
9376:Wayback Machine
9366:
9362:
9352:
9350:
9349:on 6 April 2023
9331:
9330:
9326:
9321:on 17 May 2022.
9309:
9308:
9304:
9294:
9292:
9284:
9283:
9279:
9273:Wayback Machine
9264:
9260:
9255:Wayback Machine
9245:
9241:
9222:
9218:
9208:
9206:
9205:on 9 April 2023
9191:
9187:
9173:Wayback Machine
9163:
9159:
9138:
9134:
9129:
9122:
9112:
9110:
9101:
9100:
9096:
9086:
9084:
9075:
9074:
9070:
9060:
9058:
9049:
9048:
9044:
9032:
9028:
9022:Wayback Machine
9013:
9009:
9003:Wayback Machine
8994:
8990:
8980:
8978:
8977:on 6 April 2023
8969:
8968:
8964:
8953:Wayback Machine
8944:
8940:
8934:Wayback Machine
8925:
8921:
8906:
8892:. Volume 14 of
8883:
8879:
8869:Wayback Machine
8859:
8855:
8847:
8836:
8832:Tarczai, Bela.
8830:
8826:
8820:Wayback Machine
8809:
8805:
8792:
8788:
8779:
8775:
8769:
8765:
8746:
8742:
8732:
8730:
8715:
8711:
8702:
8698:
8692:Wayback Machine
8682:
8675:
8665:
8663:
8662:on 4 April 2023
8648:
8644:
8630:
8628:
8626:
8610:
8603:
8597:
8593:
8588:
8584:
8579:
8575:
8570:
8566:
8556:
8554:
8541:
8540:
8536:
8526:
8524:
8523:on 5 April 2023
8520:
8509:
8503:
8496:
8477:
8473:
8468:Wayback Machine
8448:
8444:
8437:
8423:
8419:
8406:
8402:
8395:Wayback Machine
8384:
8380:
8374:Wayback Machine
8350:
8346:
8326:Wayback Machine
8317:
8313:
8303:Wayback Machine
8294:
8287:
8275:Wayback Machine
8266:
8259:
8249:
8247:
8246:on 26 July 2009
8234:
8233:
8229:
8211:Wayback Machine
8200:
8196:
8186:
8184:
8173:
8169:
8151:
8147:
8137:
8135:
8126:
8125:
8121:
8111:
8109:
8098:
8094:
8089:. October 2018.
8081:
8080:
8076:
8063:
8062:
8055:
8045:
8043:
8036:
8032:
8021:
8012:
8001:
7990:
7981:
7977:
7965:. Penguin 2001
7960:
7956:
7946:
7944:
7940:
7939:
7935:
7928:
7905:
7901:
7891:
7889:
7880:
7879:
7875:
7868:
7852:
7848:
7838:
7836:
7823:
7822:
7818:
7809:
7805:
7795:
7793:
7792:on 6 April 2023
7784:
7783:
7779:
7769:
7767:
7766:on 7 April 2023
7754:
7753:
7749:
7739:
7737:
7724:
7723:
7719:
7715:Ambrose, pp 360
7714:
7710:
7697:
7693:
7683:
7681:
7668:
7664:
7658:Wayback Machine
7648:
7644:
7634:
7632:
7623:
7622:
7618:
7608:
7606:
7605:on 5 April 2023
7593:
7592:
7588:
7578:
7576:
7567:
7566:
7562:
7554:Richard Vinen,
7553:
7549:
7542:
7528:
7524:
7517:
7501:
7497:
7492:
7488:
7481:
7467:
7463:
7448:
7444:
7439:
7435:
7429:Wayback Machine
7420:
7416:
7407:
7403:
7389:
7385:
7378:
7361:
7352:
7342:
7340:
7339:on 6 April 2023
7325:
7321:
7314:
7300:
7296:
7288:
7281:
7277:
7276:
7272:
7267:on 12 May 2023.
7261:The Independent
7253:
7249:
7240:
7236:
7226:
7224:
7219:
7218:
7214:
7201:
7200:
7196:
7185:
7181:
7150:
7146:
7136:
7134:
7133:on 19 July 2010
7121:
7120:
7116:
7106:
7104:
7095:
7094:
7090:
7084:Wayback Machine
7075:
7071:
7062:
7058:
7045:
7041:
7035:Wayback Machine
7026:
7022:
7013:
7009:
7000:
6996:
6987:
6983:
6973:
6971:
6958:
6957:
6953:
6935:Wayback Machine
6924:
6920:
6911:
6907:
6898:
6894:
6889:
6885:
6875:
6873:
6869:
6862:
6858:
6857:
6853:
6843:
6841:
6840:on 8 April 2023
6826:
6822:
6803:
6799:
6789:
6787:
6777:
6773:
6763:
6761:
6752:
6751:
6747:
6737:
6735:
6726:
6725:
6721:
6708:
6707:
6703:
6690:
6686:
6676:
6674:
6665:
6664:
6660:
6650:
6648:
6633:
6629:
6619:
6617:
6616:on 7 March 2023
6608:
6607:
6603:
6596:
6580:
6576:
6566:
6564:
6563:on 7 April 2023
6557:leipzig-lese.de
6551:
6550:
6546:
6528:
6524:
6500:
6496:
6488:
6484:
6473:
6469:
6462:
6448:
6444:
6437:
6423:
6419:
6404:
6388:
6384:
6375:
6371:
6352:
6348:
6342:Unveiling Islam
6339:
6335:
6328:
6312:
6308:
6298:
6296:
6289:Natural History
6281:
6277:
6268:
6264:
6255:
6251:
6241:
6239:
6230:
6229:
6225:
6215:Wayback Machine
6206:
6202:
6195:
6172:
6168:
6161:
6138:
6134:
6117:
6113:
6103:
6101:
6088:
6087:
6083:
6064:
6060:
6054:Wayback Machine
6045:
6041:
6030:
6028:
6024:
6017:
6013:
6011:
6007:
5997:
5995:
5976:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5961:
5949:
5945:
5928:
5924:
5913:
5911:
5898:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5810:Elsa Brändström
5770:
5765:
5718:To End All Wars
5711:Three Came Home
5634:The Railway Man
5459:The Deer Hunter
5390:
5385:
5379:
5352:Empire of Japan
5345:
5343:
5324:
5322:
5293:
5291:
5267:
5265:
5246:
5244:
5221:
5219:
5197:
5195:
5168:
5166:
5124:
5118:
5104:
5102:
5075:
5073:Numbers of POWs
5041:Sino-Indian War
4909:and led by the
4826:
4810:
4782:
4739:
4711:
4573:
4571:
4532:
4527:
4511:Main articles:
4509:
4499:
4486:
4468:, Korea, South
4454:
4415:
4357:
4352:
4316:Main articles:
4314:
4298:Mihail Racoviță
4289:
4235:
4225:
4149:
4144:
4093:
4087:
4079:My Secret Diary
4066:
4056:Operation Achse
4054:Main articles:
4052:
4008:Arbeitskommando
3991:Palestinian Jew
3944:
3938:
3929:
3923:
3921:French soldiers
3918:
3911:
3908:
3899:
3890:Australian POW
3888:
3879:
3872:
3863:
3860:
3851:
3848:
3839:
3832:
3823:
3817:
3808:
3798:
3789:
3786:
3777:
3771:
3740:Philip Meninsky
3655:The Netherlands
3602:Number of POWs
3519:Empire of Japan
3499:
3489:
3487:Empire of Japan
3484:
3324:POWs that died
3323:
3295:
3270:
3267:
3203:
3055:
3049:
3003:
2934:
2920:, although the
2802:
2710:
2693:
2675:, located near
2664:Dix–Hill Cartel
2629:
2623:
2613:system for the
2600:Napoleonic Wars
2592:
2575:city's cemetery
2547:Napoleonic Wars
2531:
2493:Mary Rowlandson
2485:
2479:
2429:
2407:
2351:
2238:
2229:in 464 the nun
2208:
2113:
2062:prisoner of war
2054:
2025:
2024:
1975:
1965:
1964:
1930:
1922:
1921:
1862:
1852:
1851:
1825:Multilateralism
1810:Law enforcement
1770:
1760:
1759:
1728:Just war theory
1686:
1676:
1675:
1626:Geneva Protocol
1596:
1586:
1585:
1559:
1549:
1548:
1490:
1480:
1479:
1387:
1377:
1376:
1317:
1307:
1306:
1272:
1262:
1261:
1192:Network-centric
1112:
1102:
1101:
1009:
999:
998:
947:
937:
936:
885:Rapid dominance
790:
780:
779:
735:Electromagnetic
644:
634:
633:
620:
573:
521:
497:
487:
486:
482:Combat training
463:
440:
406:Combat systems:
402:
364:
360:Auxiliary ships
326:
286:
282:Military police
248:
171:
161:
160:
100:
74:
73:
72:
67:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Prisoner-of-war
15:
12:
11:
5:
11795:
11785:
11784:
11779:
11774:
11769:
11764:
11747:
11746:
11744:
11743:
11738:
11733:
11728:
11723:
11718:
11713:
11707:
11705:
11694:
11693:
11691:
11690:
11685:
11683:Right to water
11680:
11675:
11670:
11665:
11660:
11658:Right of reply
11655:
11650:
11645:
11640:
11635:
11630:
11625:
11620:
11615:
11610:
11605:
11600:
11595:
11590:
11585:
11583:Digital rights
11579:
11577:
11570:
11567:
11566:
11564:
11563:
11558:
11557:
11556:
11546:
11541:
11539:Right to truth
11536:
11531:
11526:
11521:
11516:
11511:
11506:
11501:
11496:
11491:
11486:
11481:
11476:
11471:
11466:
11461:
11456:
11451:
11446:
11441:
11436:
11431:
11426:
11421:
11416:
11411:
11406:
11401:
11396:
11391:
11386:
11380:
11378:
11372:
11371:
11368:
11365:
11364:
11356:
11355:
11348:
11341:
11333:
11324:
11323:
11321:
11320:
11308:
11295:
11292:
11291:
11289:
11288:
11281:
11280:
11279:
11272:
11265:
11258:
11246:
11239:
11232:
11231:
11230:
11216:
11209:
11202:
11195:
11188:
11181:
11174:
11167:
11160:
11153:
11146:
11139:
11132:
11125:
11118:
11110:
11108:
11102:
11101:
11099:
11098:
11091:
11084:
11076:
11074:
11070:
11069:
11067:
11066:
11059:
11056:Rehabilitation
11051:
11049:
11048:Leaving prison
11045:
11044:
11042:
11041:
11034:
11027:
11020:
11013:
11006:
10997:
10990:
10983:
10976:
10969:
10962:
10955:
10948:
10941:
10938:Justice Action
10934:
10927:
10920:
10917:Black and Pink
10913:
10904:
10902:
10898:
10897:
10895:
10894:
10893:
10892:
10878:
10871:
10864:
10857:
10850:
10843:
10836:
10835:
10834:
10820:
10819:
10818:
10804:
10797:
10796:
10795:
10781:
10774:
10767:
10760:
10753:
10746:
10739:
10732:
10725:
10724:
10723:
10708:
10706:
10702:
10701:
10699:
10698:
10691:
10684:
10677:
10676:
10675:
10668:
10654:
10653:
10652:
10638:
10631:
10623:
10621:
10617:
10616:
10613:
10612:
10610:
10609:
10602:
10601:
10600:
10590:Prison escapes
10585:
10583:
10577:
10576:
10574:
10573:
10566:
10559:
10552:
10545:
10538:
10531:
10524:
10517:
10510:
10502:
10500:
10496:
10495:
10493:
10492:
10485:
10478:
10471:
10464:
10457:
10449:
10447:
10443:
10442:
10440:
10439:
10432:
10425:
10418:
10411:
10404:
10397:
10396:
10395:
10388:
10374:
10367:
10360:
10353:
10346:
10339:
10332:
10324:
10322:
10315:
10309:
10308:
10306:
10305:
10298:
10291:
10284:
10277:
10270:
10263:
10256:
10248:
10246:
10240:
10239:
10237:
10236:
10229:
10222:
10215:
10208:
10200:
10198:
10194:
10193:
10186:
10185:
10178:
10171:
10163:
10157:
10156:
10151:
10145:
10140:
10135:
10129:
10124:
10118:
10113:
10108:
10103:
10098:
10092:
10086:
10081:
10080:Historical Eye
10075:
10069:
10063:
10057:
10051:
10045:
10039:
10031:
10030:External links
10028:
10027:
10026:
10025:
10024:
10022:978-1448669875
10010:
10008:978-0615659053
9993:
9991:978-0891414636
9965:
9955:
9949:
9942:
9935:
9921:
9902:
9892:
9875:
9868:
9858:
9851:
9844:
9826:
9819:
9804:
9789:
9770:
9767:
9766:
9765:
9756:
9746:
9731:
9724:
9717:
9702:
9687:
9674:H.S. Gullett,
9672:
9657:
9642:
9623:
9620:
9619:
9618:
9614:
9610:
9600:
9597:
9592:
9583:
9578:
9564:
9561:
9558:
9557:
9531:
9506:
9485:
9470:
9447:
9417:
9384:
9360:
9324:
9302:
9277:
9258:
9239:
9216:
9185:
9157:
9132:
9120:
9094:
9068:
9042:
9039:978-8849523560
9026:
9007:
8988:
8962:
8938:
8919:
8904:
8877:
8860:Thorpe, Nick.
8853:
8824:
8803:
8786:
8782:Heinz Nawratil
8773:
8763:
8740:
8709:
8705:New York Times
8696:
8673:
8642:
8624:
8601:
8591:
8582:
8573:
8564:
8534:
8494:
8471:
8442:
8435:
8417:
8400:
8378:
8352:Anne Applebaum
8344:
8311:
8285:
8283:, 7 March 1998
8257:
8227:
8194:
8175:Michael Hope.
8167:
8145:
8119:
8092:
8074:
8053:
8030:
8027:(in Romanian).
8010:
8007:(in Romanian).
7988:
7986:, 2014, p. 218
7975:
7954:
7933:
7926:
7899:
7873:
7866:
7846:
7829:Historynet.com
7816:
7803:
7777:
7747:
7736:on 5 July 2017
7717:
7708:
7691:
7662:
7642:
7616:
7586:
7560:
7547:
7541:978-1473687912
7540:
7522:
7516:978-1439128817
7515:
7495:
7486:
7479:
7461:
7442:
7433:
7414:
7401:
7399:, 2001, p. 360
7383:
7377:978-0813327181
7376:
7368:Hidden Horrors
7350:
7319:
7312:
7294:
7270:
7247:
7234:
7212:
7194:
7179:
7160:(2): 148–192,
7154:War in History
7144:
7114:
7088:
7069:
7063:H.S. Gullett,
7056:
7046:Peter Dennis,
7039:
7020:
7007:
6994:
6981:
6964:New York Times
6951:
6918:
6905:
6892:
6883:
6851:
6820:
6797:
6771:
6745:
6719:
6701:
6684:
6658:
6627:
6601:
6595:978-0817317836
6594:
6574:
6544:
6522:
6494:
6482:
6467:
6460:
6442:
6436:978-0199577576
6435:
6429:. OUP Oxford.
6417:
6402:
6382:
6369:
6346:
6333:
6327:978-0231132909
6326:
6306:
6275:
6262:
6249:
6223:
6200:
6193:
6175:Davies, Norman
6166:
6159:
6132:
6111:
6100:on 11 May 2023
6081:
6058:
6039:
6027:on 24 May 2015
6005:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5943:
5922:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5805:Duty to escape
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5763:
5756:
5753:Who Goes Next?
5749:
5742:
5735:
5732:Uncommon Valor
5728:
5721:
5714:
5707:
5700:
5693:
5686:
5679:
5672:
5665:
5658:
5651:
5644:
5637:
5630:
5623:
5616:
5609:
5602:
5595:
5588:
5581:
5574:
5567:
5560:
5553:
5546:
5539:
5536:Hogan's Heroes
5532:
5525:
5518:
5515:The Great Raid
5511:
5504:
5501:Grand Illusion
5497:
5490:
5483:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5399:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5378:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5359:
5354:
5340:
5339:
5336:
5333:
5319:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5307:
5302:
5288:
5287:
5282:
5276:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5253:United Kingdom
5241:
5240:
5237:
5230:
5216:
5215:
5212:
5206:
5192:
5191:
5188:
5183:(about 3
5177:
5163:
5162:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5126:
5113:
5099:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5074:
5071:
5067:Russian forces
5012:in the 1990s,
4972:in Sri Lanka.
4962:Yom Kippur War
4825:
4822:
4809:
4806:
4781:
4778:
4738:
4735:
4729:—little work.
4727:malenkij robot
4710:
4707:
4697:Harry S Truman
4639:war reparation
4531:
4528:
4498:
4495:
4485:
4482:
4453:
4450:
4439:Katyn massacre
4414:
4411:
4399:aerial warfare
4391:Erich Hartmann
4363:German POW at
4356:
4353:
4346:Katyn massacre
4313:
4310:
4260:Timișul de Jos
4224:
4221:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4089:Main article:
4086:
4083:
4051:
4048:
3995:Greece in 1941
3948:British Empire
3937:
3934:
3925:Main article:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3902:
3900:
3889:
3882:
3880:
3873:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3842:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3824:
3818:
3811:
3809:
3799:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3780:
3778:
3772:
3765:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3683:United States
3680:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3669:United Kingdom
3666:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3582:Tokyo Tribunal
3533:or during the
3505:Troops of the
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3307:Niall Ferguson
3294:
3291:
3275:Central Powers
3265:
3228:demobilisation
3202:
3199:
3154:Ottoman Empire
3051:Main article:
3048:
3045:
3002:
2999:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2945:
2933:
2930:
2846:Francs-tireurs
2801:
2800:Qualifications
2798:
2794:Commando Order
2786:Imperial Japan
2764:service number
2709:
2706:
2692:
2689:
2625:Main article:
2622:
2619:
2604:Anglo-American
2591:
2588:
2530:
2527:
2521:people on the
2515:John R. Jewitt
2478:
2475:
2428:
2425:
2305:Arnaud Amalric
2265:religious wars
2242: 481–511
2207:
2204:
2135:. Early Roman
2112:
2109:
2105:indoctrinating
2078:armed conflict
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1990:Military terms
1987:
1982:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1748:Tripwire force
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1571:
1566:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1270:Administrative
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1197:New generation
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1172:Fleet in being
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1110:Grand strategy
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1097:Scorched earth
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1010:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
974:Deep operation
971:
966:
959:
954:
948:
943:
942:
939:
938:
935:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
903:
902:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
821:
820:
815:
810:
800:
791:
786:
785:
782:
781:
778:
777:
775:Unconventional
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
723:
721:Disinformation
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
692:
691:
686:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
645:
640:
639:
636:
635:
632:
631:
626:
619:
618:
617:
616:
615:
614:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
572:
571:
570:
569:
568:
567:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
520:
519:
518:
517:
512:
507:
498:
493:
492:
489:
488:
485:
484:
479:
474:
472:Basic training
469:
462:
461:
456:
451:
446:
439:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
401:
400:
398:Reconnaissance
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
363:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
325:
324:
319:
317:Special forces
314:
309:
308:
307:
297:
292:
285:
284:
279:
274:
272:Reconnaissance
269:
264:
259:
254:
247:
246:
237:
232:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
172:
167:
166:
163:
162:
159:
158:
157:
156:
151:
141:
140:
139:
134:
124:
123:
122:
115:Post-classical
112:
107:
101:
96:
95:
92:
91:
83:
82:
64:
63:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11794:
11783:
11780:
11778:
11775:
11773:
11770:
11768:
11765:
11763:
11760:
11759:
11757:
11742:
11739:
11737:
11734:
11732:
11729:
11727:
11724:
11722:
11719:
11717:
11714:
11712:
11709:
11708:
11706:
11704:
11699:
11695:
11689:
11688:Right to work
11686:
11684:
11681:
11679:
11676:
11674:
11671:
11669:
11666:
11664:
11661:
11659:
11656:
11654:
11651:
11649:
11646:
11644:
11641:
11639:
11636:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11623:Right to food
11621:
11619:
11616:
11614:
11611:
11609:
11606:
11604:
11601:
11599:
11596:
11594:
11591:
11589:
11586:
11584:
11581:
11580:
11578:
11575:
11568:
11562:
11559:
11555:
11552:
11551:
11550:
11547:
11545:
11542:
11540:
11537:
11535:
11532:
11530:
11527:
11525:
11522:
11520:
11517:
11515:
11512:
11510:
11507:
11505:
11504:Right to life
11502:
11500:
11497:
11495:
11492:
11490:
11487:
11485:
11482:
11480:
11477:
11475:
11472:
11470:
11467:
11465:
11462:
11460:
11457:
11455:
11452:
11450:
11447:
11445:
11442:
11440:
11437:
11435:
11432:
11430:
11427:
11425:
11422:
11420:
11417:
11415:
11412:
11410:
11407:
11405:
11402:
11400:
11397:
11395:
11392:
11390:
11387:
11385:
11382:
11381:
11379:
11377:
11373:
11366:
11362:
11354:
11349:
11347:
11342:
11340:
11335:
11334:
11331:
11318:
11309:
11306:
11297:
11296:
11293:
11286:
11285:United States
11282:
11277:
11273:
11270:
11266:
11263:
11259:
11256:
11252:
11251:
11247:
11244:
11240:
11237:
11233:
11228:
11224:
11223:
11221:
11217:
11214:
11210:
11207:
11203:
11200:
11196:
11193:
11189:
11186:
11182:
11179:
11175:
11172:
11168:
11165:
11161:
11158:
11154:
11151:
11147:
11144:
11140:
11137:
11133:
11130:
11126:
11123:
11119:
11116:
11112:
11111:
11109:
11107:
11103:
11096:
11092:
11089:
11085:
11082:
11078:
11077:
11075:
11071:
11064:
11060:
11057:
11053:
11052:
11050:
11046:
11039:
11035:
11032:
11028:
11025:
11021:
11018:
11014:
11011:
11007:
11004:
11003:
10998:
10995:
10991:
10988:
10984:
10981:
10977:
10974:
10970:
10967:
10963:
10960:
10956:
10953:
10949:
10946:
10942:
10939:
10935:
10932:
10928:
10925:
10921:
10918:
10914:
10910:
10906:
10905:
10903:
10901:Organizations
10899:
10890:
10889:United States
10886:
10885:
10883:
10879:
10876:
10872:
10869:
10865:
10862:
10858:
10855:
10851:
10848:
10844:
10841:
10837:
10832:
10831:United States
10828:
10827:
10825:
10821:
10816:
10815:United States
10812:
10811:
10809:
10805:
10802:
10798:
10793:
10792:United States
10789:
10788:
10786:
10782:
10779:
10775:
10772:
10768:
10765:
10764:Mobile phones
10761:
10758:
10754:
10751:
10747:
10744:
10740:
10737:
10733:
10730:
10726:
10721:
10720:United States
10717:
10716:
10714:
10710:
10709:
10707:
10705:Social issues
10703:
10696:
10692:
10689:
10685:
10682:
10678:
10673:
10669:
10666:
10662:
10661:
10659:
10655:
10650:
10649:United States
10646:
10645:
10643:
10639:
10636:
10632:
10629:
10625:
10624:
10622:
10618:
10607:
10603:
10598:
10594:
10593:
10591:
10587:
10586:
10584:
10582:
10578:
10571:
10567:
10564:
10563:Trusty system
10560:
10557:
10553:
10550:
10546:
10543:
10539:
10536:
10532:
10529:
10525:
10522:
10518:
10515:
10511:
10508:
10504:
10503:
10501:
10497:
10490:
10486:
10483:
10479:
10476:
10472:
10469:
10465:
10462:
10458:
10455:
10451:
10450:
10448:
10444:
10437:
10433:
10430:
10426:
10423:
10419:
10416:
10412:
10409:
10405:
10402:
10398:
10393:
10389:
10386:
10382:
10381:
10379:
10375:
10372:
10368:
10365:
10361:
10358:
10354:
10351:
10347:
10344:
10340:
10337:
10333:
10330:
10326:
10325:
10323:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10310:
10303:
10299:
10296:
10292:
10289:
10285:
10282:
10278:
10275:
10271:
10268:
10264:
10261:
10257:
10254:
10250:
10249:
10247:
10245:
10241:
10234:
10230:
10227:
10223:
10220:
10216:
10213:
10209:
10206:
10202:
10201:
10199:
10195:
10191:
10190:Incarceration
10184:
10179:
10177:
10172:
10170:
10165:
10164:
10161:
10155:
10152:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10139:
10136:
10133:
10130:
10128:
10125:
10122:
10119:
10117:
10114:
10112:
10109:
10107:
10104:
10102:
10099:
10096:
10093:
10091:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10079:
10076:
10073:
10070:
10067:
10064:
10061:
10058:
10055:
10052:
10049:
10046:
10043:
10040:
10037:
10034:
10033:
10023:
10019:
10015:
10011:
10009:
10005:
10001:
9997:
9994:
9992:
9988:
9984:
9980:
9979:Rhonda Cornum
9977:
9976:
9974:
9970:
9966:
9963:
9962:
9956:
9954:
9950:
9947:
9943:
9940:
9936:
9934:
9930:
9924:
9918:
9914:
9910:
9909:
9903:
9900:
9896:
9893:
9890:
9886:
9882:
9881:
9876:
9873:
9869:
9867:
9863:
9859:
9856:
9852:
9849:
9845:
9842:
9841:0-8128-8561-9
9838:
9834:
9830:
9827:
9824:
9820:
9817:
9816:2-07-022686-7
9813:
9809:
9805:
9802:
9798:
9794:
9790:
9788:
9787:2-916062-51-3
9784:
9780:
9778:
9773:
9772:
9762:
9757:
9754:
9750:
9747:
9744:
9740:
9736:
9732:
9729:
9726:Vetter, Hal,
9725:
9722:
9718:
9715:
9714:0-14-014925-2
9711:
9707:
9706:Behind Bamboo
9703:
9700:
9699:0-86445-047-8
9696:
9692:
9688:
9685:
9681:
9677:
9673:
9670:
9666:
9662:
9658:
9655:
9654:0-465-09120-2
9651:
9647:
9643:
9640:
9636:
9635:
9630:
9626:
9625:
9615:
9611:
9609:
9608:3-8012-5023-7
9605:
9601:
9598:
9596:
9593:
9589:
9584:
9582:
9579:
9576:
9575:
9570:
9567:
9566:
9545:
9541:
9535:
9528:
9527:3-7694-0003-8
9524:
9520:
9516:
9515:Erich Maschke
9510:
9503:
9502:3-492-12056-3
9499:
9495:
9489:
9482:
9477:
9475:
9468:
9467:0-304-35864-9
9464:
9460:
9458:
9451:
9435:
9431:
9427:
9421:
9405:
9401:
9400:
9395:
9388:
9381:
9377:
9373:
9370:
9364:
9348:
9344:
9340:
9339:
9334:
9328:
9320:
9316:
9312:
9306:
9291:
9287:
9281:
9274:
9270:
9267:
9262:
9256:
9252:
9248:
9243:
9235:
9231:
9227:
9220:
9204:
9200:
9196:
9189:
9183:
9182:1-4259-5120-1
9179:
9175:
9174:
9170:
9167:
9161:
9154:
9150:
9146:
9142:
9136:
9127:
9125:
9108:
9104:
9098:
9082:
9078:
9072:
9056:
9052:
9046:
9040:
9036:
9030:
9023:
9019:
9016:
9011:
9004:
9000:
8997:
8992:
8976:
8972:
8966:
8958:
8957:Eddie Stanton
8954:
8950:
8947:
8942:
8935:
8931:
8928:
8923:
8915:
8911:
8907:
8905:0-252-07065-8
8901:
8897:
8896:
8891:
8887:
8881:
8874:
8870:
8866:
8863:
8857:
8846:
8842:
8835:
8828:
8821:
8817:
8813:
8807:
8800:
8796:
8790:
8783:
8777:
8767:
8759:
8755:
8751:
8744:
8728:
8724:
8720:
8713:
8706:
8700:
8693:
8689:
8686:
8680:
8678:
8661:
8657:
8653:
8646:
8639:
8627:
8621:
8617:
8616:
8608:
8606:
8595:
8586:
8577:
8568:
8552:
8548:
8544:
8538:
8519:
8515:
8508:
8501:
8499:
8490:
8486:
8482:
8475:
8469:
8465:
8461:
8457:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8438:
8432:
8428:
8421:
8414:
8410:
8404:
8397:
8396:
8392:
8389:
8382:
8375:
8371:
8368:
8364:
8363:0-7679-0056-1
8360:
8356:
8353:
8348:
8342:
8341:5-88439-093-9
8338:
8334:
8332:
8327:
8323:
8320:
8315:
8308:
8304:
8300:
8297:
8292:
8290:
8282:
8281:
8276:
8272:
8269:
8264:
8262:
8245:
8241:
8240:Sankeishinbun
8237:
8231:
8225:
8224:0-674-07608-7
8221:
8217:
8213:
8212:
8208:
8205:
8198:
8182:
8178:
8171:
8164:
8163:
8158:
8154:
8149:
8133:
8129:
8123:
8107:
8103:
8100:Rees, Simon.
8096:
8088:
8084:
8078:
8070:
8066:
8060:
8058:
8042:(in Romanian)
8041:
8034:
8026:
8019:
8017:
8015:
8006:
7999:
7997:
7995:
7993:
7985:
7979:
7972:
7971:0-14-100131-3
7968:
7964:
7958:
7943:
7937:
7929:
7923:
7919:
7915:
7914:
7909:
7903:
7887:
7883:
7877:
7869:
7863:
7859:
7858:
7850:
7834:
7830:
7826:
7820:
7813:
7807:
7791:
7787:
7781:
7765:
7761:
7757:
7751:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7721:
7712:
7705:
7701:
7695:
7679:
7678:
7673:
7666:
7660:(book review)
7659:
7655:
7652:
7646:
7630:
7626:
7620:
7604:
7600:
7596:
7590:
7574:
7570:
7564:
7557:
7551:
7543:
7537:
7533:
7526:
7518:
7512:
7508:
7507:
7499:
7490:
7482:
7480:1-920769-12-9
7476:
7472:
7465:
7459:
7458:0-688-14370-9
7455:
7451:
7446:
7437:
7430:
7426:
7423:
7418:
7411:
7405:
7398:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7379:
7373:
7369:
7365:
7359:
7357:
7355:
7338:
7334:
7330:
7323:
7315:
7309:
7305:
7298:
7287:
7280:
7274:
7266:
7262:
7258:
7251:
7244:
7238:
7222:
7216:
7208:
7204:
7198:
7190:
7183:
7175:
7171:
7167:
7163:
7159:
7155:
7148:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7118:
7103:on 9 May 2012
7102:
7098:
7092:
7085:
7081:
7078:
7073:
7066:
7060:
7054:(2008) p. 429
7053:
7049:
7043:
7036:
7032:
7029:
7024:
7017:
7011:
7004:
6998:
6991:
6985:
6969:
6965:
6961:
6955:
6949:
6948:0-7864-3744-8
6945:
6941:
6937:
6936:
6932:
6929:
6922:
6915:
6909:
6902:
6896:
6887:
6868:
6861:
6855:
6839:
6835:
6831:
6824:
6816:
6812:
6808:
6801:
6786:
6782:
6775:
6759:
6755:
6749:
6733:
6729:
6723:
6715:
6711:
6705:
6698:
6694:
6688:
6672:
6668:
6662:
6646:
6642:
6638:
6631:
6615:
6611:
6605:
6597:
6591:
6587:
6586:
6578:
6562:
6558:
6554:
6548:
6540:
6536:
6532:
6526:
6518:
6514:
6513:
6508:
6504:
6498:
6492:
6486:
6478:
6471:
6463:
6457:
6453:
6446:
6438:
6432:
6428:
6421:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6403:0-89281-046-7
6399:
6395:
6394:
6386:
6379:
6373:
6365:
6360:
6359:
6350:
6343:
6337:
6329:
6323:
6319:
6318:
6310:
6294:
6290:
6286:
6279:
6272:
6266:
6259:
6253:
6237:
6233:
6227:
6220:
6216:
6212:
6209:
6204:
6196:
6194:0-19-520912-5
6190:
6186:
6182:
6181:
6176:
6170:
6162:
6160:0-521-84792-3
6156:
6152:
6146:
6142:
6136:
6129:
6128:0-14-051312-4
6125:
6121:
6115:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6085:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6062:
6055:
6051:
6048:
6043:
6023:
6016:
6009:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5974:
5970:
5957:
5953:
5947:
5940:
5936:
5932:
5926:
5910:
5909:
5904:
5896:
5892:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5762:
5761:
5757:
5755:
5754:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5743:
5741:
5740:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5680:
5678:
5677:
5673:
5671:
5670:
5666:
5664:
5663:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5652:
5650:
5649:
5645:
5643:
5642:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5631:
5629:
5628:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5617:
5615:
5614:
5613:Paradise Road
5610:
5608:
5607:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5589:
5587:
5586:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5554:
5552:
5551:
5547:
5545:
5544:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5470:
5468:
5467:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5452:Danger Within
5449:
5447:
5446:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5403:Andersonville
5400:
5398:
5397:
5393:
5392:
5384:
5370:World War II
5369:
5364:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5342:
5341:
5338:World War II
5337:
5334:
5332:
5331:United States
5321:
5320:
5317:World War II
5316:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5275:
5264:
5263:
5260:World War II
5259:
5256:
5254:
5243:
5242:
5239:World War II
5238:
5235:
5231:
5229:
5218:
5217:
5214:World War II
5213:
5211:
5207:
5205:
5194:
5193:
5189:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5176:
5165:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5153:
5150:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5101:
5100:
5093:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5059:
5057:
5056:Iran–Iraq War
5052:
5050:
5046:
5045:mental asylum
5042:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5010:Yugoslav Wars
5006:
5004:
5000:
4995:
4993:
4992:Falklands War
4988:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4957:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4918:
4916:
4915:death marches
4912:
4908:
4904:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4858:
4850:
4842:
4835:
4830:
4821:
4819:
4815:
4805:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4777:
4774:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4748:
4743:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4723:forced labour
4720:
4715:
4705:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4665:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4634:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4609:
4603:
4600:
4599:eavesdropping
4596:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4568:
4560:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4536:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4504:
4494:
4492:
4491:John H. Noble
4481:
4479:
4475:
4474:Kuril Islands
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4424:
4419:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4372:
4366:
4361:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4288:
4284:
4283:Normal School
4280:
4276:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4220:
4218:
4217:court-martial
4212:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4201:Ion Antonescu
4192:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4153:Romanian Army
4139:
4137:
4133:
4126:
4121:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4047:
4044:
4039:
4031:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4023:Terrorflieger
4019:
4015:
4011:
4009:
4004:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3979:the Holocaust
3976:
3967:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3933:
3928:
3906:
3901:
3898:sword in 1943
3897:
3893:
3886:
3881:
3877:
3870:
3865:
3858:
3853:
3846:
3841:
3837:
3830:
3825:
3821:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3791:
3784:
3779:
3776:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3755:Changi Prison
3751:
3749:
3748:Ronald Searle
3745:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3717:
3715:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3559:Death Railway
3556:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3322:Percentage of
3317:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3299:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3279:forced labour
3276:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3207:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3106:German Empire
3102:
3100:
3096:
3086:
3078:
3070:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3044:
3042:
3036:
3034:
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3018:
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2939:
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2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
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2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2892:is guided by
2891:
2887:
2886:international
2882:
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2797:
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2765:
2761:
2757:
2756:date of birth
2753:
2749:
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2737:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2688:
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2685:Elmira Prison
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2618:
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2608:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2584:
2583:burial vaults
2580:
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2561:
2557:
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2360:Mongol Empire
2346:
2345:Codex Mendoza
2341:
2337:
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2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2310:
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2298:
2294:
2293:Baltic region
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2259:In the later
2257:
2256:the English.
2254:
2250:
2245:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2165:for example.
2164:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2126:
2122:
2119:Engraving of
2117:
2111:Ancient times
2108:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2039:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
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1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
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1918:
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1903:
1900:
1898:
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1888:
1885:
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1880:
1878:
1877:Warrior caste
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1847:Show of force
1845:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1835:Peacebuilding
1833:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
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1699:
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1692:
1691:Air supremacy
1689:
1688:
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1679:
1672:
1669:
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1664:
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1659:
1657:
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1637:
1634:
1632:
1631:Islamic rules
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:Court-martial
1609:
1607:
1604:
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1599:
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1510:Arms industry
1508:
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1501:
1498:
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1168:
1165:
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1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1127:Broken-backed
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1095:
1093:
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1078:
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1035:
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1018:
1015:
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1008:
1003:
1002:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
969:Expeditionary
967:
965:
964:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
949:
946:
941:
940:
933:
930:
928:
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923:
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918:
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913:
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905:
901:
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896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
840:Counterattack
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
805:
804:
801:
799:
796:
795:
794:
789:
784:
783:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
765:Psychological
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
701:Combined arms
699:
697:
694:
690:
687:
685:
682:
681:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
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621:
613:
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609:
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583:
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579:
578:
575:
574:
566:
563:
562:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
540:Fortification
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
526:
523:
522:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
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491:
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457:
455:
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403:
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391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
361:
358:
356:
355:Landing craft
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
327:
323:
320:
318:
315:
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310:
306:
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288:
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283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
245:
241:
240:Standing army
238:
236:
233:
231:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
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194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
173:
170:
165:
164:
155:
152:
150:
147:
146:
145:
142:
138:
135:
133:
132:pike and shot
130:
129:
128:
125:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
102:
99:
94:
93:
89:
85:
84:
78:
70:
66:
65:
61:
60:
54:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
11703:reproductive
11598:Labor rights
11574:and cultural
11484:Right to die
11361:human rights
11359:Substantive
11220:Soviet Union
11063:Work release
11024:Prison Radio
11000:
10771:Overcrowding
10454:House arrest
10408:Penal colony
10294:
10013:
9999:
9996:John Borling
9982:
9959:
9945:
9938:
9907:
9898:
9879:
9871:
9870:David Rolf,
9861:
9854:
9847:
9832:
9822:
9807:
9792:
9775:
9752:
9749:Sean Longden
9734:
9727:
9720:
9705:
9690:
9675:
9660:
9645:
9632:
9587:
9572:
9569:John Hickman
9563:Bibliography
9548:. Retrieved
9544:the original
9534:
9518:
9509:
9493:
9488:
9480:
9455:
9454:Clark, Alan
9450:
9438:. Retrieved
9434:the original
9429:
9420:
9408:. Retrieved
9404:the original
9397:
9387:
9379:
9363:
9351:. Retrieved
9347:the original
9336:
9327:
9319:the original
9314:
9305:
9293:. Retrieved
9289:
9280:
9261:
9242:
9229:
9219:
9207:. Retrieved
9203:the original
9198:
9188:
9164:
9160:
9140:
9135:
9111:. Retrieved
9107:the original
9097:
9085:. Retrieved
9081:the original
9071:
9059:. Retrieved
9055:the original
9045:
9029:
9010:
8991:
8979:. Retrieved
8975:the original
8965:
8941:
8922:
8893:
8889:
8880:
8856:
8845:the original
8840:
8827:
8806:
8801:pp. 360, 361
8789:
8776:
8771:friendship."
8766:
8758:the original
8753:
8743:
8731:. Retrieved
8727:the original
8722:
8712:
8704:
8699:
8664:. Retrieved
8660:the original
8656:The Guardian
8655:
8645:
8636:
8629:. Retrieved
8614:
8594:
8585:
8576:
8567:
8555:. Retrieved
8551:the original
8546:
8537:
8525:. Retrieved
8518:the original
8513:
8489:the original
8484:
8474:
8454:
8445:
8426:
8420:
8408:
8403:
8386:
8381:
8354:
8347:
8329:
8314:
8278:
8250:21 September
8248:. Retrieved
8244:the original
8239:
8230:
8202:
8197:
8185:. Retrieved
8181:the original
8170:
8160:
8148:
8136:. Retrieved
8132:the original
8122:
8110:. Retrieved
8106:the original
8095:
8086:
8077:
8068:
8044:. Retrieved
8033:
7983:
7978:
7962:
7957:
7945:. Retrieved
7936:
7912:
7902:
7890:. Retrieved
7886:the original
7876:
7856:
7849:
7837:. Retrieved
7833:the original
7819:
7811:
7806:
7794:. Retrieved
7790:the original
7780:
7768:. Retrieved
7764:the original
7759:
7750:
7738:. Retrieved
7734:the original
7729:
7720:
7711:
7694:
7682:. Retrieved
7675:
7665:
7645:
7633:. Retrieved
7629:the original
7619:
7607:. Retrieved
7603:the original
7598:
7589:
7577:. Retrieved
7573:the original
7563:
7555:
7550:
7531:
7525:
7505:
7498:
7489:
7470:
7464:
7449:
7445:
7436:
7417:
7409:
7404:
7394:
7386:
7367:
7341:. Retrieved
7337:the original
7332:
7322:
7303:
7297:
7286:the original
7273:
7265:the original
7260:
7250:
7242:
7237:
7225:. Retrieved
7215:
7207:the original
7197:
7188:
7182:
7157:
7153:
7147:
7135:. Retrieved
7131:the original
7126:
7117:
7105:. Retrieved
7101:the original
7091:
7072:
7064:
7059:
7051:
7048:Jeffrey Grey
7042:
7023:
7015:
7010:
7005:(1999) Ch 13
7002:
6997:
6989:
6984:
6972:. Retrieved
6968:the original
6963:
6954:
6926:
6921:
6913:
6908:
6900:
6895:
6886:
6874:. Retrieved
6867:the original
6854:
6842:. Retrieved
6838:the original
6833:
6823:
6815:the original
6810:
6800:
6788:. Retrieved
6784:
6774:
6762:. Retrieved
6758:the original
6748:
6736:. Retrieved
6732:the original
6722:
6704:
6696:
6687:
6675:. Retrieved
6671:the original
6661:
6649:. Retrieved
6640:
6630:
6618:. Retrieved
6614:the original
6604:
6584:
6577:
6565:. Retrieved
6561:the original
6556:
6547:
6539:the original
6525:
6517:the original
6510:
6497:
6490:
6485:
6476:
6470:
6451:
6445:
6426:
6420:
6392:
6385:
6377:
6372:
6357:
6349:
6341:
6336:
6316:
6309:
6297:. Retrieved
6288:
6278:
6273:, pp. 46–51.
6265:
6257:
6252:
6240:. Retrieved
6236:the original
6226:
6218:
6203:
6179:
6169:
6151:King Henry V
6150:
6144:
6135:
6119:
6114:
6102:. Retrieved
6098:the original
6093:
6084:
6076:the original
6072:www.nwhp.org
6071:
6061:
6042:
6029:. Retrieved
6022:the original
6008:
5998:14 September
5996:. Retrieved
5992:the original
5987:
5983:
5973:
5946:
5938:
5930:
5925:
5912:. Retrieved
5906:
5895:
5758:
5751:
5744:
5737:
5730:
5723:
5716:
5709:
5702:
5695:
5688:
5681:
5674:
5667:
5660:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5632:
5625:
5618:
5611:
5604:
5597:
5590:
5583:
5576:
5569:
5562:
5555:
5550:Land of Mine
5548:
5541:
5534:
5527:
5522:Hanoi Hilton
5520:
5513:
5506:
5499:
5492:
5485:
5478:
5471:
5464:
5457:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5429:
5422:
5415:
5408:
5401:
5394:
5363:Soviet Union
5311:Soviet Union
5175:Soviet Union
5160:World War II
5111:Nazi Germany
5076:
5060:
5053:
5038:
5030:Bosnian Serb
5007:
4996:
4989:
4974:
4958:
4954:
4938:Hanoi Hilton
4919:
4900:
4889:
4878:
4811:
4794:
4783:
4770:
4751:
4719:Soviet Union
4712:
4702:
4685:
4666:
4662:
4647:
4643:slave labour
4635:
4631:
4626:Other Losses
4624:
4618:
4612:
4604:
4592:
4577:
4542:
4487:
4455:
4447:
4428:
4405:but without
4388:
4377:
4272:
4263:
4245:
4213:
4209:
4197:
4177:Transnistria
4150:
4129:
4106:
4078:
4067:
4050:Italian POWs
4040:
4036:
4021:
4006:
3999:
3972:
3952:Commonwealth
3945:
3930:
3752:
3733:
3718:
3711:
3579:
3576:, April 1942
3543:
3516:
3343:Almost 100%
3304:
3293:World War II
3272:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3243:
3234:
3232:
3212:
3187:Czechoslovak
3170:
3162:Siege of Kut
3151:
3131:
3103:
3091:
3037:
3030:
3026:
3004:
2979:Tokyo Trials
2972:
2969:
2935:
2885:
2883:
2844:
2838:
2815:
2790:Nazi Germany
2783:
2768:
2729:
2716:
2711:
2694:
2691:Amelioration
2681:Camp Douglas
2660:
2593:
2568:
2564:Peterborough
2559:
2539:Norman Cross
2532:
2508:
2486:
2469:
2465:
2453:
2441:
2427:Modern times
2420:
2417:Banu Qurayza
2394:
2376:
2357:
2334:Feudal Japan
2332:
2313:
2263:a number of
2258:
2246:
2220:
2196:Roman Empire
2189:
2170:
2167:
2156:
2152:
2130:
2101:conscripting
2089:repatriating
2082:
2065:
2061:
2059:
1960:Fifth column
1940:War resister
1935:Women in war
1830:Peacekeeping
1775:Arms control
1720:
1409:Mobilization
1404:Conscription
1362:Intelligence
1315:Organization
961:
890:Encirclement
770:Radiological
706:Conventional
560:Subterranean
467:Development:
466:
443:
405:
367:
330:Naval units:
329:
322:Signal corps
289:
267:Intelligence
252:Specialties:
251:
176:Organization
127:Early modern
40:
11731:LGBT rights
11464:Nationality
11454:LGBT rights
11192:North Korea
11185:New Zealand
10778:Pay-to-stay
10205:Criminology
10062:HistoryNet.
9209:30 November
8733:30 December
8631:15 December
8411:: See also
7947:29 November
7796:12 November
7730:www.b24.net
7680:. p. 1
7391:Herbert Bix
7364:Yuki Tanaka
6781:"War Crime"
6677:28 November
6651:10 December
5835:Laws of war
5648:Rescue Dawn
5620:The Pianist
5138:Netherlands
5061:During the
5008:During the
4922:Vietnam War
4920:During the
4892:North Korea
4879:During the
4731:András Toma
4650:London Cage
4608:sugar beets
4541:open-field
4407:due process
4395:fighter ace
4290: [
4236: [
4147:Soviet POWs
4014:New Zealand
3983:antisemitic
3641:New Zealand
3608:Death Rate
3555:cannibalism
3535:Pacific War
3268:George R.I.
3171:During the
3166:Mesopotamia
3047:World War I
3033:Vietnam War
2991:deportation
2926:Confederate
2918:reciprocity
2867:mercenaries
2698:conventions
2673:Camp Sumter
2655:Confederate
2607:War of 1812
2569:During the
2395:During the
2352: 1541
2261:Middle Ages
2155:). Homer's
2123:prisoners,
2074:belligerent
1945:War studies
1768:Non-warfare
1696:Appeasement
1661:Martial law
1500:War economy
1439:Transgender
1392:Recruitment
1152:Containment
1037:Culminating
945:Operational
865:Envelopment
808:Air assault
689:Air cavalry
649:Air defence
629:Information
530:Cold-region
495:Battlespace
444:Historical:
290:Land units:
216:Space force
211:Coast guard
144:Late modern
105:Prehistoric
53:World War I
11756:Categories
11469:Personhood
11106:By country
10743:Informants
10658:Literature
10597:Helicopter
10556:Sally port
10521:Commissary
10499:Components
10392:Chain gang
10378:Labor camp
10364:Internment
10329:Black site
10226:Punishment
10074:Storyvault
9457:Barbarossa
9290:thewire.in
8666:17 January
8218:. p. 209.
7963:Stalingrad
7770:26 October
7740:26 October
7684:10 January
7001:Ferguson,
6942:. p. 240.
6104:19 October
5914:10 October
5903:"prisoner"
5882:References
5655:The Report
5529:Hart's War
5424:Blood Oath
5187:(56–68%))
5130:Yugoslavia
5119:Historian
5034:Srebrenica
4932:took many
4881:Korean War
4873:Kosovo War
4714:Hungarians
4709:Hungarians
4501:See also:
4456:After the
4425:delegation
4403:war crimes
4365:Stalingrad
4169:Alexandria
3940:See also:
3896:shin gunto
3728:submarines
3721:hell ships
3613:Australia
3491:See also:
3311:Keith Lowe
3305:Historian
3095:Tannenberg
3031:Since the
3022:Korean War
2936:Under the
2906:terrorists
2898:insurgents
2890:civil wars
2859:terrorists
2855:insurgents
2812:of 1894–95
2651:Union Army
2556:privateers
2408: 570
2137:gladiators
2125:Abu Simbel
2093:war crimes
2005:War crimes
1995:Operations
1902:Foot drill
1872:Battle cry
1785:deterrence
1444:Harassment
1419:Specialism
1242:Technology
1237:Succession
1182:Liberation
1117:Asymmetric
1052:Empty fort
963:Blitzkrieg
932:Withdrawal
895:Investment
674:Camouflage
669:Biological
607:Underwater
582:Amphibious
501:Aerospace
368:Air units:
345:Submarines
154:fourth-gen
149:industrial
137:napoleonic
11449:Legal aid
11115:Australia
10847:Sexuality
10736:Education
10695:Tattooing
10489:Death row
10385:Battalion
10244:Prisoners
9887:, Mainz:
9733:Jin, Ha,
9684:220900153
9669:489040963
9639:Tom Hanks
9338:Frontline
8888:(2002) .
8638:strategy.
8527:16 August
8365:; p. 431.
7333:nhk.or.jp
7174:159610355
6940:McFarland
5965:Citations
5676:Stalag 17
5026:Škarbrnja
4926:Viet Cong
4911:Viet Minh
4790:Australia
4786:Mussolini
4484:Americans
4466:Manchuria
4441:. Out of
4252:Bucharest
4165:Drăgășani
3759:Singapore
3725:U.S. Navy
3475:<0.1%
3461:Americans
3447:Americans
3381:Americans
3362:Yugoslavs
3122:Armistice
3014:President
2975:Nuremberg
2924:regarded
2910:criminals
2863:saboteurs
2740:civilians
2736:guerrilla
2727:in 1949.
2640:Camp Ford
2468:right of
2386:sacrifice
2370:, on the
2285:Languedoc
2231:Geneviève
2223:Childeric
2200:canonised
2145:Thracians
1892:War novel
1795:Grey-zone
1755:War games
1716:Overmatch
1666:War crime
1616:Desertion
1606:Ceasefire
1601:Armistice
1488:Logistics
1466:Mercenary
1454:Volunteer
1385:Personnel
1357:Engineers
1302:Sociology
1257:World war
1252:Total war
1232:Strategic
1222:Religious
1207:Political
1202:Perpetual
1177:Irregular
1092:Offensive
1067:Defensive
1062:Deception
1022:Attrition
875:Guerrilla
870:Formation
813:Airbridge
745:Loitering
659:Artillery
312:Artillery
262:Engineers
230:Irregular
201:Air force
11711:Abortion
11549:Suffrage
11276:Scotland
10911:(Brazil)
10875:Violence
10824:Religion
10665:American
10514:Cemetery
10482:Supermax
10401:Military
10343:Debtors'
10267:Detainee
10260:Criminal
10212:Penology
9927:, EBook
9613:121–146.
9550:14 April
9517:(eds.):
9504:, p. 277
9461:p. 206,
9410:14 April
9372:Archived
9269:Archived
9251:Archived
9234:Archived
9199:NY Books
9169:Archived
9113:30 March
9087:14 April
9061:14 April
9018:Archived
8999:Archived
8949:Archived
8930:Archived
8914:49784806
8873:BBC News
8865:Archived
8816:Archived
8814:", PBS.
8688:Archived
8464:Archived
8391:Archived
8370:Archived
8322:Archived
8299:Archived
8280:BBC News
8271:Archived
8207:Archived
8187:14 April
8138:14 April
8112:14 April
8046:29 March
7961:Beevor,
7910:(2000).
7892:14 April
7839:14 April
7654:Archived
7635:14 April
7609:21 April
7579:14 April
7425:Archived
7366:(1996).
7227:14 April
7192:, p. 122
7177:, p. 186
7107:14 April
7080:Archived
7031:Archived
6974:14 April
6931:Archived
6645:Archived
6567:21 April
6533:(1822).
6531:Rochlitz
6293:Archived
6242:14 April
6211:Archived
6177:(1996).
6050:Archived
5939:reported
5899:Compare
5768:See also
5725:Unbroken
5564:King Rat
5543:Homeland
5383:War film
5028:, while
4999:Gulf War
4869:Yugoslav
4808:Cossacks
4780:Italians
4737:Japanese
4478:Mongolia
4472:and the
4470:Sakhalin
4452:Japanese
4302:Vânători
4181:Tiraspol
4173:Slobozia
4101:subhuman
3836:Yokohama
3700:132,134
3599:Country
3406:Japanese
3384:Japanese
3340:Japanese
3332:Captors
3329:Captives
3319:Category
3266:—
3250:George V
3235:en masse
3143:smallpox
3063:Flanders
2995:genocide
2902:traitors
2851:militias
2545:and the
2445:Cossacks
2412:Muhammad
2410:– 632),
2401:enslaved
2328:ransomed
2324:Noblemen
2318:against
2316:Crusades
2287:and the
2277:heathens
2273:heretics
2235:Clovis I
2185:chattels
2141:Samnites
2133:enslaved
1907:War song
1882:War film
1515:Materiel
1434:Children
1414:Training
1352:Medicine
1337:Doctrine
1292:Training
1227:Resource
1212:Princely
1162:Economic
1147:Conquest
1142:Colonial
1137:Cold war
1122:Blockade
1007:Strategy
979:Maneuver
740:Infantry
696:Chemical
550:Mountain
510:Airborne
373:Fighters
340:Warships
295:Infantry
221:Reserves
169:Military
49:Austrian
11782:Warfare
11459:Liberty
11317:Commons
11255:Bermuda
11243:Ukraine
11171:Jamaica
11150:Iceland
11143:Germany
11136:Estonia
11088:Prisons
10868:Suicide
10861:Strikes
10620:Culture
10549:Officer
10542:Nursery
10535:Library
10422:Private
10313:Prisons
10274:Hostage
10253:Convict
10197:Science
10038:, ICRC.
9864:(2002)
9799:at the
9440:9 April
9353:24 June
8683:Staff.
8328:Moscow
7918:512–513
7343:30 June
7137:9 April
7086:, p. 11
6876:28 July
6844:28 July
6790:6 April
6764:6 April
6738:6 April
6620:28 July
6412:9195533
6299:6 April
5234:Germany
5210:Germany
5181:Germany
5146:Denmark
5142:Belgium
5022:Vukovar
4875:in 1999
4681:Bohemia
4539:Remagen
4530:Germans
4142:Romania
4043:to walk
3916:Germany
3703:35,756
3686:21,580
3675:12,433
3672:50,016
3658:37,000
3616:21,726
3547:slavery
3472:British
3469:Germans
3458:Germans
3450:Germans
3436:Germans
3428:Germans
3425:British
3417:Germans
3403:British
3392:Germans
3370:Germans
3359:Germans
3351:Germans
3337:Chinese
3285:to the
3263:return.
3239:cavalry
3220:Dunkirk
3139:Siberia
3114:Britain
2734:, some
2579:lazaret
2421:ghanima
2320:Muslims
2301:Béziers
2297:Cathars
2291:in the
2249:Henry V
2070:captive
2020:Writers
2015:Weapons
1980:Battles
1929:Related
1917:Wargame
1912:Uniform
1860:Culture
1641:Perfidy
1636:Justice
1557:Science
1542:Outpost
1495:History
1475:Warrior
1471:Soldier
1459:foreign
1397:counter
1297:Service
1247:Theater
1187:Limited
1167:Endemic
1082:Nuclear
855:Foxhole
830:Cavalry
818:Airdrop
803:Airlift
788:Tactics
760:Nuclear
750:Missile
679:Cavalry
664:Barrage
642:Weapons
602:Surface
383:Command
378:Bombers
335:Frogman
305:Cavalry
277:Medical
244:Militia
226:Regular
206:Marines
120:castles
110:Ancient
98:History
77:outline
11698:Sexual
11236:Turkey
11213:Russia
11199:Norway
10581:Escape
10570:Warden
10371:Island
10020:
10006:
9989:
9971:for a
9931:
9919:
9839:
9814:
9785:
9741:
9712:
9697:
9682:
9667:
9652:
9617:2014).
9606:
9525:
9500:
9465:
9295:14 May
9180:
9155:, p.62
9151:
9037:
8981:8 June
8960:them."
8912:
8902:
8797:
8622:
8557:22 May
8433:
8361:
8339:
8333:(2000)
8222:
7969:
7924:
7864:
7538:
7513:
7477:
7456:
7412:page 5
7374:
7310:
7172:
6992:(1990)
6946:
6592:
6458:
6433:
6410:
6400:
6324:
6191:
6157:
6126:
6031:24 May
5349:
5328:
5297:
5271:
5250:
5228:Poland
5225:
5204:France
5201:
5172:
5134:Poland
5108:
5049:Ranchi
4924:, the
4896:boxing
4795:After
4758:Saipan
4677:Saxony
4658:London
4652:", an
4523:, and
4443:Anders
4413:Polish
4348:, and
4256:Sinaia
4161:Găești
4157:Vulcan
4062:, and
3960:German
3807:, 1943
3746:, and
3697:Total
3689:7,107
3661:8,500
3630:1,691
3627:Canada
3619:7,412
3513:, 1942
3439:French
3414:French
3409:24.8%
3398:32.9%
3387:33.0%
3376:35.8%
3365:41.2%
3354:57.5%
3216:Calais
3147:typhus
3118:France
3110:Russia
3099:Kaunas
3012:under
2987:murder
2932:Rights
2896:, but
2869:, and
2611:cartel
2560:parole
2519:Nootka
2470:parole
2449:Croats
2382:warred
2379:Aztecs
2368:Termez
2215:Mongol
2181:rights
2175:; the
2172:raptio
2163:Lycaon
2147:, and
2121:Nubian
2000:Sieges
1684:Theory
1424:Morale
1282:Policy
1277:Branch
1057:Mosaic
1047:Fabian
994:Covert
927:Trench
912:Screen
835:Charge
825:Battle
798:Aerial
716:Denial
684:Horses
612:Seabed
565:Tunnel
545:Jungle
535:Desert
505:Aerial
55:, 1915
11227:Gulag
11178:Japan
11157:India
11129:China
11122:Chile
11073:Lists
10840:Riots
10713:Abuse
10688:Slang
10672:Blogs
10321:Types
10302:Slave
10016:2009
10002:2013
9985:1992
9430:OHCHR
8848:(PDF)
8837:(PDF)
8521:(PDF)
8510:(PDF)
7973:p. 60
7698:See:
7289:(PDF)
7282:(PDF)
7170:S2CID
7018:1992.
6870:(PDF)
6863:(PDF)
6641:Slate
6025:(PDF)
6018:(PDF)
5887:Notes
5704:Tenko
5557:Katyń
5091:Army
4648:The "
4350:Gulag
4294:]
4240:]
4185:Odesa
3706:27.1
3692:32.9
3678:24.8
3664:22.9
3650:25.6
3636:16.1
3622:34.1
3464:0.2%
3453:1.2%
3442:2.6%
3431:3.5%
3420:4.1%
3224:Dover
3164:, in
3141:from
2922:Union
2871:spies
2777:, in
2636:Union
2577:as a
2247:King
2227:Paris
2158:Iliad
2153:Galli
2149:Gauls
2072:by a
1973:Lists
1429:Women
1367:Ranks
1287:Staff
1217:Proxy
1132:Class
1087:Naval
1072:Depth
907:Swarm
900:Siege
880:Naval
860:Drone
755:Music
730:Robot
726:Drone
711:Cyber
654:Armor
624:Cyber
597:Green
592:Brown
555:Urban
515:Space
436:Radar
431:Sonar
300:Armor
257:Staff
235:Ranks
11206:Peru
10808:Rape
10750:LGBT
10681:Ring
10642:Gang
10635:Film
10528:Food
10507:Cell
10468:Open
10429:Ship
10357:Farm
10056:BBC.
10018:ISBN
10004:ISBN
9987:ISBN
9929:ISBN
9917:ISBN
9837:ISBN
9831:, ''
9812:ISBN
9783:ISBN
9739:ISBN
9710:ISBN
9695:ISBN
9680:OCLC
9665:OCLC
9650:ISBN
9604:ISBN
9552:2012
9523:ISBN
9498:ISBN
9463:ISBN
9442:2023
9412:2012
9355:2009
9297:2024
9266:USSR
9211:2009
9178:ISBN
9149:ISBN
9115:2013
9089:2012
9063:2012
9035:ISBN
8983:2010
8910:OCLC
8900:ISBN
8795:ISBN
8735:2013
8668:2009
8633:2009
8620:ISBN
8559:2010
8547:Time
8529:2020
8458:the
8431:ISBN
8409:Note
8359:ISBN
8337:ISBN
8252:2009
8220:ISBN
8189:2012
8140:2012
8114:2012
8048:2024
7967:ISBN
7949:2007
7922:ISBN
7894:2012
7862:ISBN
7841:2012
7798:2006
7772:2020
7742:2019
7702:and
7686:2023
7637:2012
7611:2022
7581:2012
7536:ISBN
7511:ISBN
7475:ISBN
7454:ISBN
7372:ISBN
7345:2020
7308:ISBN
7229:2012
7139:2010
7109:2012
6976:2012
6944:ISBN
6878:2014
6846:2014
6834:Time
6792:2014
6766:2014
6740:2014
6679:2008
6653:2012
6622:2014
6590:ISBN
6569:2022
6456:ISBN
6431:ISBN
6408:OCLC
6398:ISBN
6322:ISBN
6301:2010
6244:2012
6189:ISBN
6155:ISBN
6124:ISBN
6106:2015
6033:2015
6000:2015
5954:and
5916:2021
5690:T-34
5396:1971
5274:Iraq
5097:War
5083:USSR
5024:and
5014:Serb
4928:and
4721:for
4679:and
4654:MI19
4580:Axis
4505:and
4380:Axis
4231:The
4183:and
4171:and
3989:, a
3975:Jews
3950:and
3644:121
3633:273
3517:The
3495:and
3373:USSR
3348:USSR
3283:ICRC
3152:The
3145:and
3116:and
3104:The
2977:and
2788:and
2771:ICRC
2769:The
2762:and
2760:rank
2752:name
2598:and
2447:and
2377:The
2372:Oxus
2275:and
2010:Wars
1527:Base
1077:Goal
989:Raid
587:Blue
525:Land
196:Navy
191:Army
34:and
11700:and
10959:POA
10628:Art
9913:800
9378:",
9343:PBS
9315:UPI
9015:CNN
8996:CNN
8159:",
8155:, "
7677:NPR
7162:doi
6364:115
6185:362
5933:by
5047:in
5018:JNA
4913:on
4704:it.
4629:).
4205:lei
4179:at
4010:625
3803:in
3757:in
3647:31
3222:to
3185:of
2908:or
2507:'s
2311:".
2283:in
2066:POW
1594:Law
1537:FOB
1532:MOB
577:Sea
69:War
11758::
9915:.
9897:.
9883:,
9751:,
9473:^
9428:.
9396:.
9341:.
9335:.
9313:.
9288:.
9232:.
9228:.
9197:.
9147:.
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8908:.
8871:.
8839:.
8752:.
8721:.
8676:^
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8635:.
8604:^
8545:.
8512:.
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8260:^
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8085:.
8067:.
8056:^
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7991:^
7920:.
7827:.
7758:.
7728:.
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6962:.
6832:.
6809:.
6783:.
6712:.
6699:.
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6639:.
6555:.
6509:.
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6287:.
6217:,
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6092:.
6070:.
5988:36
5986:.
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4987:.
4804:.
4519:,
4515:,
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4340:,
4336:,
4332:,
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4320:,
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4238:ro
4167:,
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4103:".
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3549:,
3289:.
3230:.
3197:.
3043:.
3024:.
2985:,
2904:,
2881:.
2865:,
2861:,
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2853:,
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2796:.
2758:,
2754:,
2405:c.
2349:c.
2240:r.
2202:.
2187:.
2143:,
2095:,
2060:A
1473:/
728:/
242:/
228:/
11352:e
11345:t
11338:v
10182:e
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