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political centres. In its own time, there was no such thing as "the
Byzantine Empire," there was just the ongoing Roman Empire; "Byzantine Empire" is a scholarly term of convenience to differentiate the empire from its earlier existence during
29:
The
Eastern Roman Empire (red) and its vassals (pink) in 555 AD during the reign of Justinian I. The vassals are the Kingdom of Lazica and the Abasgians (top), and the Ghassanids (east). This was the Byzantine Empire at its greatest
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Institute for
Byzantine Studies of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (with further resources and a repository with papers on various aspects of the Byzantine Empire)
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in 1453. During much of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe.
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in the 5th century, the eastern half continued to thrive, existing for an additional thousand years until it fell to the
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1929:
A film explaining the political and economical reasons for the fall of the Empire, filmed by the
Russian Orthodox Church.
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Hellenism in
Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition
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1862:. Resources for medieval history, including numerous translated sources on the Byzantine wars.
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1927:
The Fall of the Empire. Byzantine Lesson (2007). (Russian: Гибель империи. Византийский урок)
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What, If
Anything, Is a Byzantine? (Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors)
1681:
People and Power in
Byzantium: An Introduction to Modern Byzantine Studies
68:, while the Roman Empire was still administered with separate eastern and
1442:
Museum of
Ancient Greek, Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Musical Instruments
1024:
458:
307:
257:
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is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the
Byzantine Empire:
1854:
Translations from
Byzantine Sources: The Imperial Centuries, c. 700–1204
1607:
Baynes, Norman Hepburn; Moss, Henry St. Lawrence Beaufort, eds. (1948).
1832:
The Cambridge Medieval History (IV) The Eastern Roman Empire (717–1453)
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1952:
1871:
1722:
A Greek Roman Empire: Power and Belief under Theodosius II (408–450)
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1920:
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Change in Byzantine Culture in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries
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272:
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1859:
342:
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St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cathedral (Pittsburgh)
1007:
116:
94:
1949:(Maps of the Roman/Byzantine Empire throughout its lifetime)
1725:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
1704:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
1623:
The Greek Achievement – The Foundation of the Western World
648:
1512:
St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church (Pittsburgh)
549:
85:. Its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the
1915:
1872:
Bibliography on Byzantine Material Culture and Daily Life
823:
1888:
Byzantium in Crimea: Political History, Art and Culture
1679:
Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich; Constable, Giles (1982).
1611:
Byzantium: An Introduction to East Roman Civilization
1337:
Eastern (Byzantine) Catholic Martyrology for February
423:
16:
Overview of and topical guide to the Byzantine Empire
1342:
Eastern (Byzantine) Catholic Martyrology for January
1148:
181:
132:
1923:. Scholarly biographies of many Byzantine emperors.
1122:
972:
498:
1763:
1608:
886:
137:
1884:. Links to texts, images and videos on Byzantium.
1432:List of exiled and pretending Byzantine Empresses
1357:Holy Ghost Byzantine Catholic Church (Pittsburgh)
1282:Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Collection of Chania
370:
358:
2064:
1868:. Numerous primary sources on Byzantine history.
1678:
1586:
1522:St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery
1502:Saint Anne Catholic Church of the Byzantine Rite
1452:Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire
1197:Book of Job in Byzantine illuminated manuscripts
170:Administrative divisions of the Byzantine Empire
1312:Cathedral of St. Mary Byzantine Catholic Church
436:Government and politics of the Byzantine Empire
1947:18 centuries of Roman Empire by Howard Wiseman
1844:. Includes links to numerous electronic texts.
1697:
1550:
611:Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty
606:Byzantine Empire under the Nikephorian dynasty
477:Political institutions of the Byzantine Empire
472:Political institutions of the Byzantine Empire
1968:
1791:Byzantine studies, resources and bibliography
1698:Kazhdan, A. P.; Epstein, Ann Wharton (1985).
818:
616:Byzantine Empire under the Theodosian dynasty
601:Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty
561:Byzantine civilisation in the twelfth century
1848:Byzantium: Byzantine studies on the Internet
1527:St. Michael Byzantine Catholic Church Toledo
581:Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty
1770:. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
1758:
1578:
1437:List of leaders during the Byzantine Papacy
631:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
591:Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty
586:Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty
1975:
1961:
1606:
1574:
1367:Index of Byzantine Empire-related articles
1332:Early Byzantine mosaics in the Middle East
571:Byzantine Empire under the Angelos dynasty
566:Byzantine Empire under the Amorian dynasty
21:Index of Byzantine Empire-related articles
1664:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1659:
1582:
1482:Political mutilation in Byzantine culture
596:Byzantine Empire under the Leonid dynasty
576:Byzantine Empire under the Doukas dynasty
520:
1412:List of Byzantine revolts and civil wars
1242:Byzantine Master of the Crucifix of Pisa
649:Military history of the Byzantine Empire
24:
1739:
1619:
1590:
1570:
1407:List of Byzantine monuments in Istanbul
626:History of Lebanon under Byzantine rule
550:General history of the Byzantine Empire
2065:
1982:
1718:
1562:
1532:St. Nicholas Byzantine Catholic Church
1372:Irene Palaiologina (Byzantine empress)
1098:
388:
1956:
1640:
1566:
1427:List of Roman and Byzantine Empresses
1267:Byzantine Rite Christianity in Canada
1044:
824:Byzantine historiography and scholars
537:
1850:. Links to various online resources.
1487:Prosopography of the Byzantine World
1056:
979:History of late ancient Christianity
176:Subdivisions of the Byzantine Empire
1322:Constantine III (Byzantine emperor)
1247:Byzantine Museum of Antivouniotissa
13:
1683:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks.
1573:, pp. 431, 435–437, 459–462;
1402:List of Byzantine foreign treaties
1377:John the Deacon (Byzantine writer)
1277:Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies
1172:Agnes of France, Byzantine Empress
756:Byzantine–Venetian War (1294–1302)
430:Population of the Byzantine Empire
424:Demography of the Byzantine Empire
144:Albania under the Byzantine Empire
121:). After the Western Roman Empire
77:before the western half collapsed
14:
2094:
1785:
1347:Georgian Byzantine-Rite Catholics
776:Byzantine–Genoese War (1348–1349)
751:Byzantine–Venetian Treaty of 1082
670:Byzantine–Sassanid War of 602–628
182:Provinces of the Byzantine Empire
133:Geography of the Byzantine Empire
1798:The Enduring Legacy of Byzantium
1207:Byzantine & Christian Museum
1151:
1123:Byzantine science and technology
984:State church of the Roman Empire
973:Religion in the Byzantine Empire
771:Byzantine civil war of 1373–1379
766:Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347
761:Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328
660:List of sieges of Constantinople
504:Military of the Byzantine Empire
499:Military of the Byzantine Empire
488:
60:. It is also referred to as the
2052:Technology and applied sciences
1352:Greek Byzantine Catholic Church
1093:Slavery in the Byzantine Empire
1020:Degrees of Orthodox monasticism
887:Culture of the Byzantine Empire
864:
852:
840:
636:Decline of the Byzantine Empire
555:History of the Byzantine Empire
138:Regions of the Byzantine Empire
2083:Outlines of history and events
2078:Byzantine Empire-related lists
1866:Medieval Sourcebook: Byzantium
1766:History of the Byzantine State
1544:
1392:Kleisoura (Byzantine district)
1262:Byzantine Revival architecture
1237:Byzantine Institute of America
1227:Byzantine Discalced Carmelites
1177:Albanian Greek Catholic Church
871:Alexander Vasiliev (historian)
786:Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria
682:Byzantine–Arab Wars (780–1180)
447:Byzantine emperors family tree
371:Cities of the Byzantine Empire
359:Themes of the Byzantine Empire
64:, primarily in the context of
1:
2027:Natural and physical sciences
1740:Norwich, John Julius (1998).
1537:
1457:Norman-Arab-Byzantine culture
1182:Alexander (Byzantine emperor)
1742:A Short History of Byzantium
1587:Kazhdan & Constable 1982
1507:Serbo-Byzantine architecture
1257:Byzantine Museum of Kastoria
1252:Byzantine Museum of Ioannina
1167:Outline of classical studies
1139:List of Byzantine inventions
1110:University of Constantinople
288:Mesopotamia (Roman province)
7:
2047:Society and social sciences
2042:Religion and belief systems
1744:. Ringwood, Vic.: Penguin.
1660:Kaldellis, Anthony (2007).
1492:Quantum Byzantine agreement
1447:Museum of Byzantine Culture
1144:
1030:Saint Catherine's Monastery
712:Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (945)
707:Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (911)
702:Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (907)
81:decline of the Roman Empire
10:
2099:
1838:Byzantine studies homepage
1645:. Chichester: John Wiley.
1615:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1600:
1551:Kazhdan & Epstein 1985
1467:Pannonia, Byzantine Empire
1462:Palaiologan Byzantine army
1422:List of Byzantine usurpers
1417:List of Byzantine scholars
1387:Kephale (Byzantine Empire)
1272:Byzantine Rite Lutheranism
1187:Argyros (Byzantine family)
835:List of Byzantine_scholars
819:Works on Byzantine history
515:Byzantine military manuals
365:Theme (Byzantine district)
117:
95:
18:
1990:
1816:The Byzantine Achievement
1620:Freeman, Charles (1999).
1477:Phokas (Byzantine family)
1472:Papias (Byzantine office)
1327:Cours (Byzantine general)
1292:Byzantine fault tolerance
1192:Bandon (Byzantine Empire)
808:Byzantine–Mongol alliance
744:Rus'–Byzantine War (1043)
739:Rus'–Byzantine War (1024)
1921:De Imperatoribus Romanis
1882:Constantinople Home Page
1643:A Companion to Byzantium
1497:Raoul (Byzantine family)
1397:Komnenian Byzantine army
1212:Byzantine Catholic World
781:Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars
734:Rus'–Byzantine War (941)
729:Rus'–Byzantine War (907)
724:Rus'–Byzantine War (860)
510:Byzantine battle tactics
333:Rhodope (Roman province)
253:Galatia (Roman province)
123:fragmented and collapsed
2037:Philosophy and thinking
1719:Millar, Fergus (2006).
1232:Byzantine Fresco Chapel
1159:Byzantine Empire portal
998:Eastern Orthodox Church
803:Byzantine–Georgian wars
665:Byzantine–Sassanid Wars
278:Mauretania Caesariensis
243:Europa (Roman province)
228:Duchy of the Pentapolis
1937:The Stony Brook School
1935:by Lars Brownworth of
1575:Baynes & Moss 1948
1317:Chios Byzantine Museum
1287:Byzantine commonwealth
898:Byzantine architecture
813:Byzantine–Ottoman Wars
655:List of Byzantine wars
641:Fall of Constantinople
521:Byzantine armed forces
238:Egypt (Roman province)
108:
31:
2022:Mathematics and logic
1626:. New York: Penguin.
1362:Immortals (Byzantine)
1222:Byzantine Church, Lin
1068:Byzantine agriculture
798:Byzantine–Seljuq Wars
793:Byzantine–Norman wars
697:Rus'–Byzantine Treaty
454:Byzantine bureaucracy
348:Theodorias (province)
28:
2007:Geography and places
2002:Culture and the arts
1876:University of Vienna
1856:. Online sourcebook.
1820:Clio History Journal
1809:Clio History Journal
1105:Byzantine university
1013:Byzantine Iconoclasm
967:Byzantine philosophy
918:Byzantine literature
621:Byzantine Iconoclasm
283:Mauretania Tingitana
208:Catepanate of Serbia
62:Eastern Roman Empire
1933:12 Byzantine Rulers
1760:Ostrogorsky, George
1641:James, Liz (2010).
1307:Byzantine text-type
1099:Byzantine education
677:Byzantine–Arab Wars
466:Byzantine diplomacy
410:Empire of Trebizond
405:Despotate of Epirus
389:Affiliated polities
328:Pontus Polemoniacus
203:Catepanate of Italy
75:classical antiquity
2017:History and events
2012:Health and fitness
1984:Knowledge outlines
1939:; audio lectures.
1803:2020-04-13 at the
1565:, pp. 2, 15;
1297:Byzantine heraldry
1134:Byzantine medicine
1117:Byzantine rhetoric
1073:Byzantine currency
1045:Byzantine language
942:Byzantine calendar
876:George Ostrogorsky
719:Rus'–Byzantine War
538:Military conflicts
442:Byzantine emperors
395:Republic of Venice
32:
2060:
2059:
1995:General reference
1814:Ciesniewski, C. "
1777:978-0-8135-1198-6
1751:978-0-14-025960-5
1671:978-0-521-87688-9
1652:978-1-4051-2654-0
1202:Bristol Byzantine
1129:Byzantine science
1078:Byzantine coinage
1063:Byzantine economy
1057:Byzantine economy
957:Byzantine gardens
947:Byzantine cuisine
892:Byzantine culture
830:Byzantine studies
323:Phrygia Salutaris
318:Phrygia Pacatiana
149:Byzantine Armenia
101:Basileia Rhōmaiōn
2090:
2073:Byzantine Empire
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1906:Byzantine Empire
1874:. Hosted by the
1825:Fox, Clinton R.
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1585:, pp. 2–3;
1579:Ostrogorsky 1969
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1382:Julian Byzantine
1161:
1156:
1155:
1154:
989:Byzantine Papacy
962:Byzantine Greeks
881:Warren Treadgold
483:Byzantine Senate
414:Bulgarian Empire
303:Palaestina Prima
233:Duchy of Venetia
218:Duchy of Perugia
164:Byzantine Greece
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109:Imperium Romanum
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96:Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων
42:Byzantine Empire
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1805:Wayback Machine
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935:Byzantine music
928:Byzantine novel
913:Byzantine dance
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1583:Kaldellis 2007
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418:Serbian Empire
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377:Constantinople
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66:Late Antiquity
50:Constantinople
48:) – the
34:The following
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1900:Miscellaneous
1899:
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1732:0-520-24703-5
1728:
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1711:0-520-05129-7
1707:
1703:
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1696:
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1690:0-88402-103-3
1686:
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1677:
1673:
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923:Acritic songs
921:
920:
919:
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906:
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903:Byzantine art
901:
899:
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847:Edward Gibbon
845:
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828:
827:
814:
811:
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769:
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764:
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541:
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495:
494:Byzantine law
489:Byzantine law
484:
481:
480:
479:
478:
467:
464:
460:
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456:
455:
452:
448:
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381:
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375:
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366:
363:
362:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
338:Scythia Minor
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
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239:
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223:Duchy of Rome
221:
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213:Drougoubiteia
211:
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127:Ottoman Turks
124:
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76:
71:
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63:
59:
55:
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37:
27:
22:
1910:
1819:
1808:
1765:
1741:
1721:
1700:
1680:
1661:
1642:
1622:
1610:
1591:Norwich 1998
1571:Freeman 1999
1558:
1553:, p. 1.
1546:
1039:Paulicianism
890:
865:20th century
853:19th century
841:18th century
553:
502:
492:
475:
400:Frankokratia
383:Thessalonika
263:Helenopontus
112:
100:
87:Roman Empire
86:
78:
61:
54:Roman Empire
45:
40:
33:
1911:In Our Time
1796:Adena, L. "
1563:Millar 2006
1025:Mount Athos
459:Byzantinism
308:Paphlagonia
258:Haemimontus
58:Middle Ages
2067:Categories
1567:James 2010
1538:References
313:Paristrion
19:See also:
379:(capital)
52:-centred
46:Byzantium
1801:Archived
1762:(1969).
1145:See also
353:Thessaly
268:Honorias
193:Byzacena
188:Bithynia
1914:at the
1822:, 2006.
1811:, 2008.
1601:Sources
273:Isauria
118:Ῥωμανία
113:Romania
70:western
56:of the
36:outline
30:extent.
1774:
1748:
1729:
1708:
1687:
1668:
1649:
1630:
343:Spania
1008:Icons
689:(838)
111:) or
105:Latin
91:Greek
79:(see
1772:ISBN
1746:ISBN
1727:ISBN
1706:ISBN
1685:ISBN
1666:ISBN
1647:ISBN
1628:ISBN
532:Navy
44:(or
1916:BBC
1908:on
1840:at
1818:",
1807:",
2069::
107::
103:;
99:,
93::
1976:e
1969:t
1962:v
1943:.
1890:.
1834:.
1780:.
1754:.
1735:.
1714:.
1693:.
1674:.
1655:.
1636:.
115:(
89:(
83:)
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