702:
116:
102:
582:
177:, the government instead cut the army's budget by 100 million guilders. A committee tasked with finding further cuts concluded that the army was already so weak that any reductions would endanger its sustainability; the government thereupon disbanded the committee and appointed a new, more aggressive one, which recommended cutting another 160 million guilders. Meanwhile, potential human capital was allowed to dissipate; compulsory service was cut back from 24 months to six, barely enough for the most basic of training.
423:: if he did not surrender, the town would be bombed. As the ultimatum was not signed, Scharroo sent it back. A few hours later, he received another ultimatum, this time duly signed by General Schmidt, the German commander at Rotterdam. Schmidt did not know that a squadron of bombers was already on its way to bomb Rotterdam. The Germans tried to warn the bomber crews by shooting red flares, but only half of the squadron noticed this; the other half continued on their mission and dropped their bombs on the city (see the
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355:
714:
facilities were vulnerable to German attack but as the UK could spare no resources to help protect them, their defense fell to the
Netherlands West Indies Defense Force. This Territorial force possessed only small arms, a handful of obsolete 8 cm. naval guns and a few small coastal patrol boats. In the summer of 1940 it was felt that the U-boat threat to the oil terminal and shipping lanes necessitated air cover and so an air support unit was created using a
205:, who opted to concentrate on modernizing the Grebbeline, with its largely wooden bunkers, because German artillery brought up as deep within the country as the Waterline would be within range of Amsterdam. Modernization of the Grebbeline, however, would not be complete or effective by the time of the invasion, in part because the government balked at the expense of clearing forests and houses blocking lines of sight from many of the fortifications.
735:
401:), by the end of the day they had captured this line as well. The Dutch tried to organize a counter-attack during the night, as they thought there were only some hundred German troops opposing them (the real number was probably somewhere around two thousand), but this met with little success. In places, they were even fired upon by other Dutch troops who had not been notified of the counter-attack.
88:, who occupied a high position in the Abwehr. Oster warned Sas about German plans for an offensive against the Netherlands, Belgium and France, and Sas passed the warnings on. The government in the Netherlands, however, did not take them seriously, as the offensive was postponed several times, even though Oster did eventually offer the correct date of May 10, 1940.
373:
By now, French reinforcements had started to arrive from the south. Because of miscommunications between the Dutch and the French, and also because the
Moerdijk Bridge, the only link between the eastern and southern parts of the Netherlands, was still in German hands, their effectiveness was limited.
136:
The Dutch army was not considered adequate even at the end of World War I, and it did not improve much during the interwar years. By the time of the German invasion in 1940, only about 166 battalions were operational for the defense of the
Netherlands, and most were poorly prepared for combat. Only
180:
Not until 1936 did the Dutch government recognize the growing threat of Nazi
Germany, but the resultant budget increases were too small and too late to establish an effective defense of the country. One factor was decisive: by that time, many European countries were rearming and had already placed
822:('Hungerwinter'), was now cut off from food that was available in the rest of the Netherlands. However, the Germans, having agreed to a truce, did allow the staging of an Allied relief effort, Operations Manna (RAF) and Chowhound (USAAF). The German forces in the Netherlands finally surrendered in
407:
On the same day, the
Germans mounted their final attack against the Grebbe Line. The stop line, the last resort of the Dutch defenders, collapsed and the Germans broke through. Isolated pockets of Dutch troops continued to resist, but a night attack to dislodge the Germans failed. As there were no
673:
Some Dutch ships were also based in
Australia and Ceylon, and continued to operate in the Indian and Pacific oceans. Due to the high number of submarines present in the Netherlands East Indies (the major part of the defensive plans of the Dutch government), the Dutch were called, in the Asian
713:
Aruba was of significant strategic importance as it housed the largest oil terminal in the
Caribbean, from which much of Britain's oil was shipped. Oil from Venezuela was taken by coastal tankers to Aruba where it was stored in large tanks awaiting transshipment to oceangoing vessels. These
389:
fortifications to protect the dam. Moreover, the dam offered no cover whatsoever and the attack was easily repulsed (with the help of a Dutch gunboat). The
Germans would try again on May 13, but with no success. The Kornwerderzand fortification would hold out until the Dutch surrender.
370:, the SS regiment "Der Führer" attacked the outposts. Once again, despite stiff resistance, the Germans succeeded in capturing the northern part of the outpost line, after which they could easily outflank the southern part. However, it took them until 16:00 to capture all outposts.
172:
would offer sufficient protection from aggression. Certainly, the Dutch military faced an unfavorable political climate between the wars. For example, in 1925, when rebuilding the Dutch army into a modern fighting force would have required increased funding of 350 million
593:
After the
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the Dutch government declared war on Japan. Like the defense of its mother country, the defense of the Netherlands East Indies (NEI) had been hopelessly neglected; the strongest naval units available were three light cruisers
290:." Although after mobilization the lines would be closed to the public, a lot of high-ranking officers from the German army, including a few colonels, were able to see the Dutch lines and write down where the bunkers were, so artillery could destroy them.
307:
In the first days of May 1940, the Dutch government received several indications of German activity near the border, and on May 7 all leave was cancelled and the army was put on alert. Finally, on May 10, 3:55, the German army invaded the
Netherlands.
351:(around The Hague). However, Dutch resistance was again heavier than expected and the Dutch succeeded in keeping the paratroopers out of The Hague itself. Indeed, by the evening, all three airfields around The Hague had been recaptured by the Dutch.
725:
occurred in February 1942 when the Defense Force's Fokker together with a US aircraft attacked two U-boats off Aruba which had sunk a number of allied oilers. From the summer of 1942 onwards, air cover for the area was provided by US aircraft.
213:
For Germany, the Netherlands was only of secondary importance in the attack on France. Germany's main worry was the route through Limburg, to eliminate the delay caused by the Liege corridor, that had hindered German forces during World War I.
812:. However, they did not attack the German forces in the western part (ironically, they stopped at about where the Grebbe Line was in 1940), for fear of massive civilian casualties: the western part of the Netherlands (also called the
631:("ML-KNIL") had 389 planes at its disposal. Nevertheless, despite these efforts, in the three months following Pearl Harbor the Dutch East Indies (along with the rest of Southeast Asia) were overrun by the Japanese. After the
844:
366:, where there were no inundations. Instead, there was a front line of outposts, a main defense line and finally a stop line, from which possible breaches in the main line could be contained and repaired. After an artillery
709:
The Netherlands' colonial possessions in the Caribbean comprised the islands of Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, Sint Eustatius and Sint Maarten, and these together with Surinam, made up the Netherlands West Indies.
334:
had taken the Dutch by surprise. German paratroopers succeeded in taking the Moerdijk bridges, the traffic bridge near Dordrecht and partially the traffic bridge in Rotterdam. They also captured the airfields of
319:, running through the Netherlands from south to north, were the first obstacles that the Germans encountered. They had created special units to capture the bridges over these rivers (sometimes even clad in Dutch
137:
a few had modern weapons; the majority of soldiers carried carbines of 19th-century vintage, and most artillery was similarly outdated. The Dutch army also had little armor, and its air arm, the
404:
Finally, on May 13, the 9th Panzer Division evaded the French and joined up with the paratroopers. However, they met with heavy resistance in Rotterdam, where their advance was stopped.
4198:
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orders taxing the available capacity of munitions plants, hindering Dutch efforts at procurement. A second factor was continued economic pressure, as Defense Minister
2081:
4079:
2097:
156:
Reasons cited for the weakness of the Netherlands military include decay during the long lapse of time since its last active participation in a war, the 1873–1903
2417:
28:, which started in 1944, liberated the southern and eastern parts of the country, but full liberation did not come until the surrender of Germany on May 5, 1945.
2020:
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1558:
3040:
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1999:
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2510:
2006:
1622:
826:, on May 5, 1945. The acts of Canadian soldiers toward the civilian population during this period would be a major point of endearment and friendship in
623:
against the Japanese advance. The Dutch military hastily scrambled its forces to provide an adequate defense. By the time of the Japanese invasion, the
1032:
2396:
1843:
1719:
241:
1696:
1076:
658:, was also to be a medium bomber squadron. No. 119 NEI Squadron was only active between September and December 1943 when it was disbanded to form
2133:
1445:
659:
655:
438:
would share the fate of Rotterdam in which over 900 civilians were killed, the Dutch decided to surrender in the midday of 14 May. On May 15, in
1952:
1254:
643:
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1097:
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323:), but in all but a few places the Dutch defenders were able to demolish the bridges. The German advance was further hindered by a line of
282:
research. The Dutch did not hinder them in this – indeed, a watchtower near the Grebbe Line was not closed because, as Prime Minister
233:
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The first Allied troops entered the Netherlands on September 9, 1944, on a reconnaissance patrol; on September 12, 1944, a small part of
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1048:
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954:
816:) is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. The civilian population there, still suffering from the effects of the
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2613:
1650:
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998:
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1381:
919:
3615:
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3047:
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1754:
1728:
1585:
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1773:
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1351:
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3227:
2559:
2545:
1758:
3972:
3841:
3719:
3297:
3012:
2963:
2721:
2276:
1528:
1367:
1215:
1069:
804:, the Canadian First Army liberated the eastern and northern parts of the Netherlands, resulting in fights such as the
624:
554:
508:
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2942:
2759:
2341:
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2027:
885:
263:, the Dutch government and the General Staff. They also were to capture the Moerdijk Bridge and the bridges over the
1243:
666:. Both No. 18 and No. 120 Squadrons saw action against the Japanese (and against Indonesian nationalists during the
453:
Casualties were high in the five day campaign: over 10,000 Dutch soldiers were killed, injured or declared missing.
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3283:
3220:
2355:
2191:
1314:
827:
378:
252:
1868:
3649:
3490:
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2251:
1521:
1390:
1358:
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Inside the Netherlands, both passive and active resistance was widespread throughout the country, with the first
2038:
1606:
45:
erupted in September 1939, most in the Netherlands believed that the country could remain neutral, as it had in
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4007:
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refused to authorize funds for modernizing both main Dutch lines of defense against attack from the east, the
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442:, General Winkelman signed the formal capitulation of the Netherlands, with the exception of the province of
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along both rivers, but despite heavy resistance they succeeded in crossing both IJssel and Maas by midday.
674:
Campaign, the Fourth Ally. The total number of submarines operating in the Eastern Theater was seventeen.
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on May 10, 1940, when invading German forces quickly overran the country. On December 7, 1941, after the
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Based on these observations, the Germans thought they could capture the Netherlands in one to two days.
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3345:
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3134:
2784:
2410:
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1985:
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1911:
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1171:
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912:
362:
The next day, the attack on the Grebbe Line started. The Germans attacked its most southern point, the
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222:
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On the same day, the Germans attacked the main defense line of the Grebbe Line. Sometimes using Dutch
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1401:
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reserve troops, it was clear that defeat was imminent: there was nothing between the Germans and the
302:
1599:
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2800:
2601:
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1918:
1890:
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1615:
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240:. The 9th Panzer Division was to move through the southern part of the Netherlands and attack the
232:, most notably breaking through the eastern defences of Fortress Holland (after having forced the
3993:
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3807:
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3352:
3005:
2901:
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2375:
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2213:
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2034:
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1904:
1850:
1836:
1818:
1482:
1263:
991:
940:
755:
520:
25:
3685:
3578:
3380:
3331:
3234:
3127:
3097:
2880:
2768:
2494:
2285:
1876:
1857:
1827:
1374:
1344:
686:
678:
632:
595:
539:
476:, which had not capitulated as such, had managed to get most of its ships to England (one, the
473:
275:
201:, to obtain more funding for these lines led to his replacement on 6 February 1940, by General
60:
Warning signs to the contrary went unheeded. Among them were some incidents, most notably the
54:
21:
619:, a joint-command for all American, British, Dutch and Australian units in the area to defend
461:
Though the Netherlands was occupied, by no means was all lost. The colonies (most notably the
161:
115:
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3899:
3742:
3638:
3608:
3564:
3304:
3269:
3262:
3185:
3083:
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2501:
2348:
1959:
1496:
1236:
1222:
905:
747:
218:
101:
1794:
4000:
3855:
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3463:
3433:
3359:
3169:
3148:
2074:
1551:
1229:
682:
528:
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8:
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2148:
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1505:
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1438:
805:
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The aim of the German attack plan was to eliminate the country as soon as possible. The
77:
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2013:
1668:
1466:
607:
561:
543:
194:
845:
Chronological overview of the liberation of Dutch cities and towns during World War II
635:, most naval assets were lost and the Dutch East Indies surrendered on March 8, 1942.
489:, which would contribute greatly to the Allied war effort during the rest of the war.
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3816:
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3601:
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3324:
3062:
3054:
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2438:
1970:
1431:
1410:
1120:
809:
801:
601:
497:
462:
182:
169:
560:
The Allied Special Forces also recruited and trained a number of Dutch officers for
485:
was towed since its construction was incomplete). Also, the Netherlands had a large
446:, where the French still operated (Zeeland held out until 19 May, after the city of
4021:
4014:
3958:
3622:
3387:
3373:
3276:
3213:
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2452:
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1659:
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774:
550:
283:
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165:
127:
72:
and killed one Dutch intelligence officer. More direct were worrying signals from
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2222:
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On to Victory: The Canadian Liberation of the Netherlands, March 23 – May 5, 1945
722:
689:— were attached to Australian Army units operating in the Dutch portion of
493:
486:
424:
331:
287:
202:
57:
did immediately mobilize in 1939, but was not in full strength until April 1940.
4156:
53:" following the German invasion of Poland seemed to justify this attitude. The
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3587:
3513:
1565:
1424:
715:
642:. Later, three joint Australian-NEI squadrons were formed. The first of these,
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61:
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received by the government beginning in the first months of 1940. The Dutch
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2265:
2170:
1801:
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818:
782:
419:
On May 14, the Dutch commander at Rotterdam, Colonel Scharroo, received an
146:
42:
17:
450:
was devasted by artillery). The Dutch colonies also continued the battle.
3800:
3786:
3448:
2124:
1945:
1930:
1284:
237:
190:
46:
3155:
2908:
2887:
1780:
1113:
1041:
823:
500:. In July 1940, two all-Dutch squadrons were formed with personnel and
363:
324:
142:
85:
50:
519:). The Royal Netherlands Military Flying School was re-established at
3418:
2823:
2620:
2431:
2229:
2184:
797:
739:
639:
612:), though they were supported by a relatively large submarine force.
565:
504:
431:
420:
409:
398:
344:
336:
279:
268:
256:
150:
1705:
557:, holding their first meeting the day after the Dutch capitulation.
141:, had but a handful of reasonably modern aircraft, most notably the
1689:
1417:
813:
759:
439:
386:
340:
229:
157:
81:
781:. By 1945, the entire southern part of the Netherlands (up to the
24:, the Netherlands government in exile also declared war on Japan.
830:, among other acts throughout the war, for many years afterward.
778:
734:
616:
535:
443:
320:
174:
164:
during the 1920s and 1930s; budget cuts, particularly during the
68:
operating in the Netherlands abducted two members of the British
2299:
897:
763:
690:
638:
However, some personnel, especially aviators, managed to reach
527:. In 1943, an all-Dutch fighter squadron was formed in the UK,
516:
501:
312:
73:
65:
882:
Holland at war against Hitler: Anglo-Dutch relations 1940–1945
469:
and the Dutch government had left the Netherlands for London.
2487:
663:
168:; and the unrealistic belief by Dutch politicians that the
271:
so that the 9th Panzer Division could easily cross these.
394:
681:, some Dutch army units — including some from the
4199:
Military history of the Netherlands during World War II
145:
twin-engine fighter-bomber and the fixed-undercarriage
1559:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
758:, the Americans and British established a corridor to
800:, and the crossing of the Rhine at Wesel and Rees in
654:
aircraft. The second joint Australian-NEI squadron,
492:A few Dutch pilots also had escaped and joined the
228:The 18th Army was to attack the Netherlands above
564:teams and for the Anglo Dutch Country Section of
4190:
762:, but they failed to secure a Rhine crossing at
627:("KNIL") numbered about 85,000 troops while the
416:(Water Line) was only very sketchily prepared.
430:Under the threat that other major cities like
84:, had established good relations with Colonel
913:
542:. This brigade would go on to participate in
777:, in order to free access to the harbour of
662:which was a fighter squadron, equipped with
629:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force
381:tried to cross the Afsluitdijk. However, at
149:single-seat fighter, with which to face the
920:
906:
733:
700:
580:
353:
274:In preparation for their attack, German
130:carbine from the pre–World War II period
91:
571:
4191:
2767:
2745:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
718:converted for maritime patrol duties.
208:
3616:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
3048:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
2694:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
2650:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
1755:Rape during the occupation of Germany
901:
785:and Maas rivers) had been liberated.
738:People celebrating the liberation of
2738:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
1770:Rape during the liberation of France
705:Dutch military exercises on Curaçao
670:, before being disbanded in 1950).
13:
2964:German invasion of the Netherlands
1244:Weather events during World War II
874:
625:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
555:Communist Party of the Netherlands
14:
4210:
3595:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
892:The Netherlands at war: 1940–1945
585:KNIL units passing light cruiser
4155:
927:
646:, was formed in April 1942 as a
507:from the Dutch naval air force:
114:
100:
286:said, "it would harm the Dutch
64:in which members of the German
3842:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
1552:Territorial changes of Germany
1460:Indonesian National Revolution
857:
792:, the Allied advance from the
696:
668:Indonesian National Revolution
615:The Dutch participated in the
576:
456:
1:
3242:Japanese invasion of Thailand
3193:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
2957:German invasion of Luxembourg
1338:Mediterranean and Middle East
867:(D & M Publishers, 2010.)
850:
769:During the rest of 1944, the
729:
465:) were still free, and Queen
385:, the Dutch had built modern
225:were allotted for this task.
3149:Invasion of the Soviet Union
2838:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
2156:Independent State of Croatia
828:Canada–Netherlands relations
160:; the effects of widespread
7:
4133:End of World War II in Asia
3973:Western invasion of Germany
3480:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
3457:Second Battle of El Alamein
3027:Hundred Regiments Offensive
2999:Battle of the Mediterranean
2852:Italian invasion of Albania
1026:Air warfare of World War II
840:Netherlands in World War II
833:
723:military action in the area
660:No. 120 (NEI) Squadron RAAF
656:No. 119 (NEI) Squadron RAAF
515:(which afterwards moved to
296:
31:
10:
4215:
4059:Naval bombardment of Japan
3427:First Battle of El Alamein
3346:Battle of Christmas Island
3291:Japanese invasion of Burma
3055:Italian invasion of Greece
2971:German invasion of Belgium
2943:German invasion of Denmark
2916:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
2785:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
1049:Comparative military ranks
794:Germany–Netherlands border
644:No. 18 (NEI) Squadron RAAF
300:
193:. The failure of General
36:
4148:
3980:Bratislava–Brno offensive
3920:
3911:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
3648:
3535:Allied invasion of Sicily
3489:
3395:Aleutian Islands campaign
3367:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
3314:
3305:Greek famine of 1941–1944
3200:Second Battle of Changsha
3105:German invasion of Greece
3073:
2950:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
2925:
2863:
2758:
2639:
2365:
2275:
2123:
1826:
1817:
1575:
1400:
1292:North and Central Pacific
1253:
1015:
1008:
935:
773:liberated Zeeland in the
752:US 30th Infantry Division
303:Battle of the Netherlands
249:22nd Air Landing Division
3572:Allied invasion of Italy
3549:Solomon Islands campaign
3298:Third Battle of Changsha
2895:First Battle of Changsha
2801:Second Sino-Japanese War
1741:German military brothels
1607:United States war crimes
278:had conducted extensive
16:The Netherlands entered
3994:Second Guangxi campaign
3849:Philippines (1944–1945)
3353:Battle of the Coral Sea
3256:Fall of the Philippines
2902:Battle of South Guangxi
2808:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
2214:Italian Social Republic
894:(Abelard-Schuman, 1970)
886:excerpt and text search
756:Operation Market Garden
679:Borneo campaign of 1945
650:squadron equipped with
26:Operation Market Garden
3579:Armistice of Cassibile
3381:Battle of Dutch Harbor
3332:Battle of the Java Sea
3235:Attack on Pearl Harbor
3135:Syria–Lebanon campaign
3128:Battle of South Shanxi
3098:Invasion of Yugoslavia
2881:Battle of the Atlantic
2495:Korean Liberation Army
2208:(until September 1943)
2165:(until September 1944)
2143:(until September 1944)
743:
706:
633:Battle of the Java Sea
590:
540:Princess Irene Brigade
534:In 1942, an all-Dutch
474:Royal Netherlands Navy
377:On May 12, the German
359:
339:(near Rotterdam), and
259:, in order to capture
197:, leader of the Dutch
55:Royal Netherlands Army
22:attack on Pearl Harbor
3743:Second Battle of Guam
3639:Bengal famine of 1943
3609:Second Battle of Kiev
3565:Battle of the Dnieper
3270:Battle of Wake Island
3142:East African campaign
3084:Battle of South Henan
2729:atrocities by Germans
2502:Korean Volunteer Army
1483:Occupation of Germany
1237:Music in World War II
750:was liberated by the
737:
704:
589:in Soerabaja, c. 1940
584:
357:
330:In the meantime, the
92:Dutch defensive works
4029:Surrender of Germany
3507:Battle of West Hubei
3464:Guadalcanal campaign
3434:Battle of Stalingrad
3360:Battle of Madagascar
2134:Albania protectorate
1921:(formerly Swaziland)
1630:Wehrmacht war crimes
1446:Expulsion of Germans
1230:Art and World War II
1128:British contribution
1077:Governments in exile
572:Colonial possessions
525:Jackson, Mississippi
379:1st Cavalry Division
255:were to land around
4119:Potsdam Declaration
4008:Italy (Spring 1945)
3771:Liberation of Paris
3228:Siege of Sevastopol
2246:(until August 1944)
2149:Wang Jingwei regime
1971:from September 1943
1931:from September 1944
1869:from September 1944
1729:Romanian war crimes
1720:Persecution of Jews
1706:Croatian war crimes
1676:Japanese war crimes
1490:Occupation of Japan
1439:First Indochina War
1151:Military production
1063:Declarations of war
880:Foot, Michael, ed.
806:battle of Groningen
790:Operation Veritable
771:Canadian First Army
482:Jacob van Heemskerk
253:7th Fliegerdivision
236:) and crossing the
223:9th Panzer Division
209:German preparations
139:Luchtvaartafdeeling
4112:Surrender of Japan
3945:Battle of Iwo Jima
3794:Belgrade offensive
3207:Siege of Leningrad
3091:Battle of Shanggao
3020:British Somaliland
2985:Dunkirk evacuation
2936:Norwegian campaign
2874:Invasion of Poland
2701:Japanese prisoners
1669:Italian war crimes
1600:British war crimes
1515:Soviet occupations
1299:South-West Pacific
1186:Allied cooperation
1144:Military equipment
744:
721:In fact, the only
707:
591:
562:Operation Jedburgh
553:organisation, the
544:Operation Overlord
360:
195:Izaak H. Reijnders
49:. The months of "
4186:
4185:
4144:
4143:
3987:Battle of Okinawa
3886:Burma (1944–1945)
3720:Mariana and Palau
3500:Tunisian campaign
3325:Fall of Singapore
3249:Fall of Hong Kong
2992:Battle of Britain
2845:Operation Himmler
2754:
2753:
2418:Dutch East Indies
2061:Southern Rhodesia
1813:
1812:
1713:Genocide of Serbs
1616:German war crimes
1593:Soviet war crimes
1586:Allied war crimes
1432:Division of Korea
1411:Chinese Civil War
1209:Strategic bombing
1121:Manhattan Project
890:Maass, Walter B.
810:battle of Otterlo
802:Operation Plunder
683:Dutch West Indies
498:Battle of Britain
463:Dutch East Indies
247:Furthermore, the
183:Adriaan Dijxhoorn
170:League of Nations
4206:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4162:World portal
4160:
4159:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4038:
4031:
4024:
4022:Prague offensive
4017:
4015:Battle of Berlin
4010:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3959:Vienna offensive
3954:
3947:
3940:
3938:Battle of Manila
3933:
3913:
3904:
3895:
3888:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3828:
3819:
3812:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3722:
3715:
3706:
3697:
3688:
3681:
3679:Korsun–Cherkassy
3674:
3663:
3641:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3521:Bombing of Gorky
3516:
3509:
3502:
3482:
3475:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3388:Battle of Midway
3383:
3376:
3374:Battle of Gazala
3369:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3284:Battle of Borneo
3279:
3277:Malayan campaign
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3221:Bombing of Gorky
3216:
3214:Battle of Moscow
3209:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3066:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2978:Battle of France
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2831:Munich Agreement
2826:
2819:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2787:
2780:
2765:
2764:
2747:
2740:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2716:Soviet prisoners
2710:
2703:
2696:
2687:
2680:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2656:German prisoners
2652:
2632:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2216:
2209:
2201:
2194:
2192:French Indochina
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2136:
2116:
2107:
2100:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2039:from August 1944
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1922:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1824:
1823:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1765:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1731:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1683:Nanjing Massacre
1678:
1671:
1662:
1660:Nuremberg trials
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1501:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1393:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1264:Asia and Pacific
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1195:
1193:Mulberry harbour
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1035:
1028:
1013:
1012:
1001:
994:
985:
978:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
922:
915:
908:
899:
898:
868:
861:
775:Schelde Campaign
551:Dutch Resistance
538:was formed, the
496:to fight in the
284:Dirk Jan de Geer
261:Queen Wilhelmina
166:Great Depression
128:Dutch Mannlicher
118:
104:
78:military attaché
4214:
4213:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4154:
4152:
4140:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4078:
4073:Atomic bombings
4071:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3916:
3909:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3831:
3822:
3815:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3776:
3769:
3764:Eastern Romania
3762:
3757:Warsaw Uprising
3755:
3750:Tannenberg Line
3748:
3741:
3736:Western Ukraine
3734:
3725:
3718:
3709:
3700:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3666:
3657:
3644:
3637:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3528:Battle of Kursk
3526:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3485:
3478:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3416:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3339:St Nazaire Raid
3337:
3330:
3323:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3163:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3121:Anglo-Iraqi War
3119:
3112:Battle of Crete
3110:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3069:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3041:Eastern Romania
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2859:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2783:
2776:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2727:
2720:
2715:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2683:
2676:
2667:
2660:
2655:
2648:
2635:
2628:
2619:
2612:
2607:
2602:Western Ukraine
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2546:Northeast China
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2252:Slovak Republic
2250:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2223:Empire of Japan
2221:
2212:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2139:
2132:
2119:
2112:
2103:
2096:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1925:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1809:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1768:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1735:Sexual violence
1734:
1727:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1465:
1458:
1453:Greek Civil War
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1396:
1389:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1278:South-East Asia
1276:
1269:
1262:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1137:Military awards
1135:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1031:
1024:
1004:
997:
990:
981:
974:
967:
962:
953:
946:
939:
931:
926:
877:
875:Further reading
872:
871:
862:
858:
853:
836:
732:
699:
664:P-40 Kittyhawks
579:
574:
487:merchant marine
459:
425:Rotterdam Blitz
412:but the famous
397:as a shield (a
332:airborne forces
305:
299:
242:Moerdijk Bridge
211:
203:Henri Winkelman
134:
133:
132:
131:
124:
123:
122:
121:Right side view
119:
110:
109:
108:
105:
94:
39:
34:
12:
11:
5:
4212:
4202:
4201:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4092:
4089:South Sakhalin
4085:
4084:
4083:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3926:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3889:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3829:
3820:
3813:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3723:
3716:
3707:
3698:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3664:
3654:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3626:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3568:
3561:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3514:Battle of Attu
3510:
3503:
3495:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3476:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3405:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3320:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3263:Battle of Guam
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3186:Battle of Kiev
3182:
3175:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3079:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2931:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2869:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2773:
2771:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2725:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2697:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2685:United Kingdom
2681:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2653:
2645:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2498:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2371:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2281:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2137:
2129:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2089:British Empire
2082:United Kingdom
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1923:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1898:Czechoslovakia
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1832:
1830:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1795:Rape of Manila
1791:
1784:
1777:
1766:
1751:
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1596:
1581:
1579:
1573:
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1570:
1569:
1566:United Nations
1562:
1555:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1511:
1502:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1425:Decolonization
1421:
1414:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1371:
1364:
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1355:
1348:
1334:
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1332:
1325:
1311:
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1140:
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1109:
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1101:
1098:United Kingdom
1094:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1037:
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1021:
1019:
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986:
979:
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944:
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925:
924:
917:
910:
902:
896:
895:
888:
876:
873:
870:
869:
863:Mark Zuehlke,
855:
854:
852:
849:
848:
847:
842:
835:
832:
731:
728:
716:Fokker F.XVIII
698:
695:
621:Southeast Asia
578:
575:
573:
570:
458:
455:
383:Kornwerderzand
301:Main article:
298:
295:
210:
207:
126:
125:
120:
113:
112:
111:
107:Left side view
106:
99:
98:
97:
96:
95:
93:
90:
62:Venlo incident
38:
35:
33:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4211:
4200:
4197:
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4178:
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4130:
4127:
4123:
4120:
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4113:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:Kuril Islands
4093:
4090:
4086:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4049:
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4030:
4026:
4023:
4019:
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4012:
4009:
4005:
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3998:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3984:
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3970:
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3956:
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3923:
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3897:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3863:Syrmian Front
3860:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3809:Market Garden
3805:
3802:
3798:
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3699:
3696:
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3690:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3669:
3668:Monte Cassino
3665:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3655:
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3647:
3640:
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3406:
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3375:
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3336:
3333:
3329:
3326:
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3321:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3288:
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3274:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3236:
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3225:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3197:
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3190:
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3183:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3166:
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3157:
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3139:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3118:
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3109:
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3102:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3034:Baltic states
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2954:
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2947:
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2940:
2937:
2933:
2932:
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2910:
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2899:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
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2868:
2866:
2862:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2791:
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2782:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
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2761:
2757:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2678:United States
2675:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2614:Quốc dân Đảng
2611:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2314:Liechtenstein
2311:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:United States
2095:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1788:Comfort women
1785:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1772: /
1771:
1767:
1764:
1761: /
1760:
1757: /
1756:
1752:
1749:
1748:Camp brothels
1745:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:The Holocaust
1634:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1623:forced labour
1620:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1476:Marshall Plan
1473:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1329:Eastern Front
1326:
1323:
1322:Western Front
1319:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1216:Puppet states
1213:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:Naval history
1155:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1105:United States
1102:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1000:
996:
993:
989:
984:
980:
977:
973:
970:
966:
965:
961:
956:
952:
951:
949:
945:
942:
938:
937:
934:
930:
923:
918:
916:
911:
909:
904:
903:
900:
893:
889:
887:
883:
879:
878:
866:
860:
856:
846:
843:
841:
838:
837:
831:
829:
825:
821:
820:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
742:on 8 May 1945
741:
736:
727:
724:
719:
717:
711:
703:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
675:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
652:B-25 Mitchell
649:
648:medium bomber
645:
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
613:
611:
610:
605:
604:
599:
598:
588:
583:
569:
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
547:
545:
541:
537:
532:
530:
526:
522:
521:Hawkins Field
518:
514:
510:
506:
503:
499:
495:
490:
488:
484:
483:
479:
478:light cruiser
475:
470:
468:
464:
454:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
405:
402:
400:
396:
391:
388:
384:
380:
375:
371:
369:
365:
356:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
304:
294:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
224:
220:
215:
206:
204:
200:
199:General Staff
196:
192:
188:
184:
178:
176:
171:
167:
163:
159:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
129:
117:
103:
89:
87:
83:
80:there, Major
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
29:
27:
23:
19:
4170:Bibliography
4153:
3966:Project Hula
3931:Vistula–Oder
3900:
3833:
3824:
3808:
3778:
3727:
3711:
3702:
3693:
3659:
3556:
3471:
3447:
3417:
3168:
3061:
3006:North Africa
2708:Soviet Union
2662:Soviet Union
2588:Soviet Union
2356:Vatican City
2266:Vichy France
2171:German Reich
2068:Soviet Union
2054:South Africa
2047:Sierra Leone
2000:Newfoundland
1992:
1819:Participants
1802:Marocchinate
1506:
1497:
1467:
1345:North Africa
1306:Indian Ocean
1165:Nazi plunder
1056:Cryptography
929:World War II
891:
881:
864:
859:
819:Hongerwinter
817:
787:
768:
745:
720:
712:
708:
687:Dutch Guyana
676:
672:
637:
614:
608:
602:
596:
592:
586:
559:
548:
533:
529:322 Squadron
513:321 Squadron
509:320 Squadron
491:
481:
471:
460:
452:
429:
418:
413:
406:
403:
392:
376:
372:
361:
329:
310:
306:
292:
273:
246:
227:
216:
212:
179:
155:
147:Fokker D.XXI
135:
59:
43:World War II
40:
18:World War II
15:
3901:Bodenplatte
3787:Gothic Line
3013:West Africa
2560:Philippines
2539:Netherlands
2404:Czech lands
2342:Switzerland
2286:Afghanistan
2237:Philippines
2105:Puerto Rico
2021:Philippines
2007:New Zealand
1993:Netherlands
1946:Free France
1697:Prosecution
1498:Osoaviakhim
1368:West Africa
1352:East Africa
999:Conferences
697:West Indies
677:During the
577:East Indies
457:Fighting on
311:The rivers
238:Afsluitdijk
191:Grebbe line
47:World War I
4001:West Hunan
3834:Pointblank
3170:Silver Fox
3156:Summer War
2909:Winter War
2888:Phoney War
2669:Azerbaijan
2630:Yugoslavia
2525:Luxembourg
2367:Resistance
2114:Yugoslavia
1979:Luxembourg
1781:Sook Ching
1577:War crimes
1179:Technology
1172:Opposition
1114:Lend-Lease
1091:Australian
1084:Home front
1042:Blitzkrieg
992:Casualties
983:Commanders
955:Operations
851:References
824:Wageningen
730:Liberation
467:Wilhelmina
448:Middelburg
414:Waterlinie
364:Grebbeberg
358:Grebbeberg
349:Valkenburg
234:Grebbeline
143:Fokker G.1
86:Hans Oster
51:Phoney War
4066:Manchuria
3952:Indochina
3728:Bagration
3179:Lithuania
2824:Anschluss
2621:Viet Minh
2518:Lithuania
2460:Hong Kong
2230:Manchukuo
2185:Azad Hind
1844:Australia
1644:Aftermath
1507:Paperclip
1402:Aftermath
1202:Total war
1070:Diplomacy
1033:In Europe
798:Rhineland
796:into the
754:. During
740:The Hague
640:Australia
597:De Ruyter
587:De Ruyter
566:Force 136
546:in 1944.
505:seaplanes
432:Amsterdam
421:ultimatum
410:North Sea
399:war crime
345:Ockenburg
337:Waalhaven
325:pillboxes
280:espionage
269:Rotterdam
257:The Hague
219:18th Army
187:Waterline
151:Luftwaffe
4193:Category
4177:Category
4126:document
4036:document
3893:Ardennes
3877:Budapest
3825:Crossbow
3703:Overlord
3542:Smolensk
2760:Timeline
2595:Slovakia
2581:Thailand
2432:Ethiopia
2397:Bulgaria
2321:Portugal
2259:Thailand
2141:Bulgaria
1919:Eswatini
1912:Ethiopia
1865:Bulgaria
1690:Unit 731
1651:Response
1468:Keelhaul
1418:Cold War
1391:Americas
1382:timeline
1375:Atlantic
1255:Theaters
834:See also
814:Randstad
808:and the
760:Nijmegen
440:Rijsoord
387:concrete
341:Ypenburg
321:uniforms
297:Campaign
276:officers
251:and the
230:Roermond
221:and the
189:and the
175:guilders
162:pacifism
158:Aceh War
82:Bert Sas
32:Invasion
4103:Shumshu
3870:Hungary
3817:Estonia
3801:Lapland
3779:Dragoon
3712:Neptune
3694:Ichi-Go
3660:Tempest
3602:Changde
3557:Cottage
3449:Jubilee
3165:Finland
3063:Compass
2769:Prelude
2722:Finland
2608:Vietnam
2574:Romania
2446:Germany
2425:Estonia
2411:Denmark
2390:Belgium
2383:Austria
2376:Albania
2307:Ireland
2293:Andorra
2277:Neutral
2244:Romania
2178:Hungary
2163:Finland
2035:Romania
1927:Finland
1905:Denmark
1851:Belgium
1837:Algeria
1543:Romania
1529:Hungary
1285:Pacific
1009:General
963:Leaders
948:Battles
941:Outline
884:(1990)
779:Antwerp
748:Limburg
617:ABDACOM
536:brigade
444:Zeeland
436:Utrecht
368:barrage
288:economy
37:Prelude
4080:Debate
4052:Taipei
4045:Borneo
3623:Tarawa
2817:Europe
2778:Africa
2567:Poland
2553:Norway
2532:Malaya
2511:Latvia
2453:Greece
2439:France
2335:Sweden
2300:Bhutan
2028:Poland
2014:Norway
1986:Mexico
1953:Greece
1939:France
1877:Canada
1858:Brazil
1828:Allies
1774:Serbia
1763:Poland
1536:Poland
1522:Baltic
1315:Europe
1017:Topics
969:Allied
788:After
764:Arnhem
691:Borneo
517:Ceylon
502:Fokker
313:IJssel
74:Berlin
66:Abwehr
3856:Leyte
3686:Narva
3672:Anzio
3630:Makin
3588:Burma
3472:Torch
3441:Rzhev
3402:Kiska
2488:Korea
2474:Japan
2467:Italy
2349:Tibet
2328:Spain
2206:Italy
1967:Italy
1960:India
1884:China
1759:Japan
1359:Italy
1271:China
1223:Women
609:Tromp
41:When
3922:1945
3650:1944
3491:1943
3419:Blue
3409:Attu
3316:1942
3075:1941
2927:1940
2865:1939
2794:Asia
2641:POWs
2481:Jews
2199:Iraq
2125:Axis
2075:Tuva
1891:Cuba
976:Axis
783:Waal
685:and
606:and
603:Java
511:and
472:The
434:and
395:POWs
347:and
317:Maas
315:and
265:Maas
494:RAF
427:).
267:in
70:SIS
4195::
3670:/
766:.
693:.
600:,
568:.
531:.
523:,
343:,
244:.
153:.
3173:)
3167:(
2041:)
2037:(
1973:)
1969:(
1933:)
1929:(
1871:)
1867:(
921:e
914:t
907:v
594:(
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