460:
449:
438:
755:
812:
1585:
There is a minuscule amount of input from the
Eastern Mediterranean with genetic affinity to Christian Lebanon....We documented clustering of the Maltese markers with those of Sicilians and Calabrians. The study is published in the Annals of Human Genetics by C. Capelli, N. Redhead, N. Novelletto, L. Terrenato, P. Malaspina, Z. Poulli, G. Lefranc, A. Megarbane, V. Delague, V. Romano, F. Cali, V.F. Pascali, M. Fellous, A.E. Felice, and D.B. Goldstein; "Population Structure in the Mediterranean Basin; A Y Chromosome Perspective", AHG, 69, 1–20, 2005..
105:
125:
977:
145:
169:
212:
1376:
said. The influence is probably indirect, since the Arabs raided the island and left no-one behind, except for a few people. There are no records of civilisation of any kind at the time. The kind of Arabic used in the
Maltese language is most likely derived from the language spoken by those that repopulated the island from Sicily in the early second millennium; it is known as Siculo-Arab. The Maltese are mostly descendants of these people.
272:
2263:
252:
55:
1043:
680:
87:
232:
41:
192:
2029:
831:
731:. The study by Capelli et al. has concluded that the contemporary males of Malta most likely originated from Southern Italy and that there is a minuscule input from the Eastern Mediterranean with affinity to Lebanese Christians. The study also indicates that Malta was barely inhabited at the turn of the tenth century and was likely to have been repopulated by settlers from Sicily and Calabria who spoke
1417:
already spoke
Maltese, or a large proportion of the Muslims themselves accepted baptism and stayed behind. Henri Bresc has written that there are indications of further Muslim political activity on Malta during the last Suabian years. Anyhow there is no doubt that by the beginning of Angevin times no professed Muslim Maltese remained either as free persons or even as serfs on the island.
894:, to a much lesser degree, borrowings from English (anglicisms being more common in colloquial Maltese than in the literary language), and a few dozen French loanwords. A large number of superficially Arabic words and idioms are actually loan translations (calques) from Sicilian and Italian which would make little or no sense to speakers of other Arabic-derived languages.
897:
Maltese became an official language of Malta in 1934, replacing
Italian and joining English. There are an estimated 371,900 speakers in Malta of the language, with statistics citing that 100% of the people are able to speak Maltese, 88% English, 66% Italian and 17% French, showing a greater degree of
1443:
Originally
Maltese was an Arabic dialect but it was immediately exposed to Latinisation because the Normans conquered the islands in 1090, while Christianisation, which was complete by 1250, cut off the dialect from contact with Classical Arabic. Consequently Maltese developed on its own, slowly but
1007:
and the
Riviera), the United Kingdom or Australia. The Franco-Maltese are culturally distinct from the Maltese from Malta, in that the former have remained attached to the use of the Italian language (often, but not always, alongside Maltese) as well as speaking French. Although migration has ceased
1584:
Together with colleagues from other institutions across the
Mediterranean and in collaboration with the group led by David Goldstein at the University College, London, we have shown that the contemporary males of Malta most likely originated from Southern Italy, including Sicily and up to Calabria.
1521:
Proceedings of the First
International Colloquium on the history of the Central Mediterranean held at the University of Malta, 13–17 December 1989. Ed: S. Fiorini and V. Mallia-Milanes (Malta University Publications, Malta Historical Society, and Foundation for International Studies, University of
1416:
Ibn
Khaldun puts the expulsion of Islam from the Maltese Islands to the year 1249. It is not clear what actually happened then, except that the Maltese language, derived from Arabic, certainly survived. Either the number of Christians was far larger than Giliberto had indicated, and they themselves
1504:
Proceedings of the First
International Colloquium on the history of the Central Mediterranean held at the University of Malta, 13–17 December 1989. Ed: S. Fiorini and V. Mallia-Milanes (Malta University Publications, Malta Historical Society, and Foundation for International Studies, University of
1398:
Repopulation is likely to have occurred by a clan or clans (possibly of Arab or Arab-like speaking people) from neighbouring Sicily and Calabria. Possibly, they could have mixed with minute numbers of residual inhabitants, with a constant input of immigrants from neighbouring countries and later,
1375:
There's a gap between 800 and 1200 where there is no record of civilisation. It doesn't mean the place was completely uninhabited. There may have been a few people living here and there, but not much……..The Arab influence on the Maltese language is not a result of Arab rule in Malta, Prof. Felice
533:
The influences on the population after this have been fiercely debated among historians and geneticists. The origins question is complicated by numerous factors, including Malta's turbulent history of invasions and conquests, with long periods of depopulation followed by periods of immigration to
807:
The culture of modern Malta has been described as a "rich pattern of traditions, beliefs and practices," which is the result of "a long process of adaptation, assimilation and cross fertilisation of beliefs and usages drawn from various conflicting sources." It has been subjected to the same
1003:); later Maltese migrants headed towards the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada and Australia. There is little trace left of the Franco-Maltese communities in north Africa, most of them having been displaced, after the rise of independence movements, to places like France (especially
1644:
Zalloua, Pierre A.; Platt, Daniel E.; El Sibai, Mirvat; Khalife, Jade; Makhoul, Nadine; Haber, Marc; Xue, Yali; Izaabel, Hassan; Bosch, Elena; Adams, Susan M.; Arroyo, Eduardo; LĂłpez-Parra, Ana MarĂa; Aler, Mercedes; Picornell, Antònia; Ramon, Misericordia; Jobling, Mark A.; Comas, David;
1147:
774:, but this model does not work for groups like the Maltese people and Sicilians. They have more Near Eastern-related ancestry than can be explained by EEF admixture. They "also cannot be jointly fit with other Europeans", as they are shifted towards Near Eastern populations.
885:
by indigenous people who were at that time divided in religion into continuing Greek-rite Christians and Muslims whose recent ancestors were Sicilian converts from Christianity. In the course of Malta's history, the language has adopted massive amounts of vocabulary from
1600:, Valletta: Said International, 1993, pp. 317–330. Scientific etymologies of the longest-established Maltese family names are given in Geoffrey Hull, “The Oldest Maltese Surnames: A Window on Sicily’s Medieval History”, in Claudia Karagoz and Giovanna Summerfield (eds),
1694:
Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Mittnik, Alissa; Renaud, Gabriel; Mallick, Swapan; Kirsanow, Karola; Sudmant, Peter H.; Schraiber, Joshua G.; Castellano, Sergi; Lipson, Mark; Berger, Bonnie; Economou, Christos; Bollongino, Ruth; Fu, Qiaomei; Bos, Kirsten I. (2014).
1102:
437:
1099:
735:. These findings confirm the onomastic and linguistic evidence presented in 1993 by Geoffrey Hull, who traced the oldest Maltese surnames to southern and south-eastern Sicily, especially the Agrigento district.
513:
in AD 870. A genetic study by Capelli et al. indicates that Malta was barely inhabited at the turn of the tenth century and was likely to have been repopulated by settlers from Sicily and Calabria who spoke
1321:
459:
448:
962:
report that 98% of the Maltese are Catholic (mostly Roman-rite, with a Byzantine-rite minority), making the nation one of the most Catholic countries in the world in terms of total population.
1885:
991:
Mass emigration picked up in the 19th century, reaching its peak in the decades after World War II. Migration was initially to north African countries (particularly
627:
servicemen in Malta from 1807 to 1979 (only a small number of whom remained in the islands), as well as other British and Irish who settled in Malta over the decades
723:(1.10%). Haplogroup R1 and I are typical in European populations and E, K, F and J haplogroups consist of lineages with differential distribution mostly in the
518:. Previous inhabitants of the islands – Phoenicians, Romans, Byzantines – did not leave many traces, as most nameplaces were lost and replaced. The
1331:
1242:
1228:
1808:
1830:
1438:
2366:
1618:
522:
conquered the island in 1091 and completely re-Christianised them by 1249. This re-Christianisation created the conditions for the evolution of the
1498:
Joseph M. Brincat, "Language and Demography in Malta: The Social Foundations of the Symbiosis between Semitic and Romance in Standard Maltese," in
2371:
910:
may begin; though a survey dating to 2005 suggested that the percentage speaking Maltese as their mother tongue within Malta remained at 97%.
762:
According to a 2014 study by Iosif Lazaridis et al., the genetic makeup of most European populations is a mixture of three ancestral sources:
821:, a traditional dress which became a symbol of Maltese identity, religious devotion and modesty, which gradually disappeared after the 1960s.
1930:
2420:
808:
complex, historic processes that gave rise to the linguistic and ethnic admixture that defines who the people of Malta and Gozo are today.
1577:
1560:
1391:
1916:
1256:
988:
Malta has long been a country of emigration, with big Maltese communities in English-speaking countries abroad as well as in France.
1531:
1514:
1497:
1368:
2344:
2066:
1966:
2637:
1457:
1169:
902:
is a common phenomenon in Malta, with English, Maltese and on occasion Italian, used in everyday life. Whilst Maltese is the
650:. Following Malta's accession to the EU in 2004 expatriate communities grew in European countries such as the one in Belgium.
1532:
Anthony T. Luttrell, "Girolamo Manduca and Gian Francesco Abela: Tradition and invention in Maltese Historiography," in
2398:
2245:
1892:
1020:. Emigration dropped dramatically after the mid-1970s and has since ceased to be a social phenomenon of significance.
2708:
1345:
692:
684:
2413:
2033:
2703:
2663:
2378:
2147:
2079:
2476:
2313:
2208:
1604:, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, pp. 78–108; "Late Medieval Maltese Surnames of Arabic and Greek Origin",
1430:
2240:
1017:
635:
469:
1122:
1622:
1444:
steadily absorbing new words from Sicilian and Italian according to the needs of the developing community.
742:
and Pierre Zalloua et al. in 2008 claimed that more than 50% of Y-chromosomes from Maltese men could have
581:(i.e. Catalans, Valencians, Majorcans, and proper Aragonese, from current Spain) soldiers in 1283 to 1425.
2471:
2308:
2100:
2095:
2039:
654:
Over time, the various rulers of Malta published their own view of the ethnicity of the population. The
2361:
2198:
2059:
502:
in the beginning of the second millennium after a two-century lapse of depopulation that followed the
2713:
2617:
2495:
2303:
2230:
2120:
941:
945:
2627:
2203:
2159:
1783:
801:
634:
occurring after World War II and well into the 1960s and 70s. Many Maltese left the island for the
2698:
2408:
2388:
2293:
2283:
2181:
1941:
1844:
1647:"Identifying Genetic Traces of Historical Expansions: Phoenician Footprints in the Mediterranean"
763:
984:, commemorating the 310 Maltese child migrants who travelled to Australia between 1950 and 1965.
2137:
1056:
771:
767:
758:
Maltese people "fall in the gap between European and Near Easterners". (Lazaridis et al. 2014).
788:
The culture of Malta is a reflection of various cultures that have come into contact with the
2575:
2560:
2517:
2507:
2446:
2351:
2339:
2225:
2191:
2169:
2142:
2052:
1061:
971:
696:
506:
754:
490:, are the descendants – through much mixing and hybridisation – of colonists from
2527:
2461:
2383:
2213:
2186:
1718:
1298:
1008:
to be a social phenomenon of significance there are still important Maltese communities in
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
427:
1078:
8:
2622:
2522:
2393:
1284:
981:
925:
811:
655:
603:
1722:
2607:
2532:
2512:
2481:
2403:
2356:
2271:
2220:
1747:
1708:
1696:
1671:
1646:
1009:
852:
639:
2542:
2466:
2327:
2176:
2154:
1910:
1824:
1752:
1734:
1697:"Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans"
1676:
1066:
929:
919:
903:
887:
869:
with a substantial Romance (Italian) superstratum and morphology, and written in the
866:
585:
543:
535:
487:
371:
1970:
2656:
2602:
2565:
2552:
2434:
2298:
2288:
2110:
2087:
1992:
1742:
1726:
1666:
1658:
1013:
949:
891:
862:
856:
844:
783:
647:
643:
578:
546:
countries that ruled Malta. The many demographic influences on the island include:
523:
483:
423:
407:
395:
383:
363:
359:
355:
351:
335:
303:
299:
294:
1465:
1177:
1027:
communities emerged in a number of European countries particularly in Belgium and
2585:
2570:
2456:
2164:
2132:
1515:
Anthony Luttrell, "Medieval Malta: the Non-written and the Written Evidence", in
1106:
899:
878:
789:
499:
316:
976:
609:
The introduction of several thousand Sicilian laborers in 1551 and again in 1566
2672:
2632:
2612:
2252:
2115:
1769:
J. Cassar Pullicino, "Determining the Semitic Element in Maltese Folklore", in
1662:
1548:
958:
933:
907:
870:
663:
659:
624:
613:
539:
367:
150:
20:
2017:
Bonanno A. (2005). Malta: Phoenician, Punic and Roman. Midsea Books: Valletta.
2692:
2597:
2580:
1738:
1270:
953:
874:
840:
793:
739:
732:
527:
515:
324:
The total figure is merely an estimation from all the referenced populations.
174:
45:
2677:
2590:
2235:
2127:
1756:
1680:
1549:
Population structure in the Mediterranean basin: a Y chromosome perspective
1048:
937:
835:
728:
617:
596:
378:
that also includes an island of the same name together with the islands of
343:
217:
1349:
1322:"Census 2021: Maltese citizens overwhelmingly identify as Roman Catholics"
817:
1326:
1243:"Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination"
1229:"Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination"
1214:
724:
375:
1730:
683:
Y-Chromosome distributions in Europe. The Maltese people have a similar
1028:
1024:
631:
565:
2105:
1004:
743:
557:
The removal of all remaining North African Muslims from Malta in 1224
510:
110:
898:
linguistic capabilities than most other European countries. In fact
1645:
Bertranpetit, Jaume; Wells, R. Spencer; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2008).
568:
503:
495:
1713:
679:
574:
Further waves of European repopulation throughout the 13th century
2044:
1598:
The Malta Language Question: A Case Study in Cultural Imperialism
1486:
Constantiae Imperatricis et Reginae Siciliae Diplomata: 1195–1198
1399:
even from afar. There seems to be little input from North Africa.
996:
992:
519:
277:
237:
54:
550:
The exile to Malta of the entire male population of the town of
534:
Malta and intermarriage with the Maltese by foreigners from the
40:
2028:
1693:
1271:"The Great Exodus (Maltese in Turkey from Lancs to the Levant)"
882:
830:
599:
589:
561:
551:
491:
391:
257:
130:
1602:
Sicily and the Mediterranean: Migration, Exchange, Reinvention
906:, it has been suggested that with the ascendancy of English a
2262:
2075:
1187:
1000:
797:
347:
197:
92:
482:
The current Maltese people, characterised by the use of the
2451:
1643:
473:
379:
19:"Maltin" redirects here. For the American film critic, see
1619:"Phoenicians Online Extra @ National Geographic Magazine"
1561:
A.E. Felice; "The Genetic Origin of Contemporary Maltese"
1194:
2040:
Joëlle Pawelczyk, "The Origin of the 'Maltese' Surnames"
1148:"Census Profile, 2016 Census: Ethnic origin population"
1811:. 9 May 2008. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008
1257:"Maltese living in Turkey celebrate traditional feast"
873:
in its standard form. The language is descended from
796:
cultures, and the cultures of the nations that ruled
1038:
952:
was shipwrecked on his way to Rome, awaiting trial.
1517:
Malta: A Case Study in International Cross-Currents
1500:
Malta: A Case Study in International Cross-Currents
1348:. IslandofGozo.org. 7 October 2007. Archived from
283:< 200 (Many resettled in Malta after the 1950s)
1428:
1195:"2016 American Community Survey 1-year estimates"
792:throughout the centuries, including neighbouring
695:are found at the following frequencies in Malta:
2690:
1829:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1554:
592:(now mostly part of Spain) between 1372 and 1450
141:
1871:European Commission, "Malta: Country Profile",
165:
208:
2060:
1579:Genetic Origin of Contemporary Maltese People
1505:Malta) at 91–110. Last visited 5 August 2007.
1393:Genetic Origin of Contemporary Maltese People
1363:
1361:
1359:
1522:Malta) at 33–45. Last visited 5 August 2007.
414:) are considered a subgroup of the Maltese.
1959:
101:
2067:
2053:
1356:
1080:Society and inquisition in Malta 1743–1798
703:(28.90% including 21.10% J2 and 7.8% J1),
53:
39:
2367:Ministry for Foreign and European Affairs
1746:
1712:
1670:
815:Maltese women have historically worn the
738:Another study carried out by geneticists
268:
228:
1967:"Chapter 1 – The Republic of Malta"
1488:, ed. T.K.Slzer (Vienna, 1983), 237–240.
975:
829:
810:
753:
678:
248:
121:
1773:, Malta University Press (1992), p. 68.
1386:
1384:
1319:
924:The Constitution of Malta provides for
602:sailors, soldiers, and slaves with the
188:
83:
2691:
1915:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1651:The American Journal of Human Genetics
1455:
1140:
800:for long periods of time prior to its
662:and promoted the idea of a continuous
2048:
1123:"Australia General Community Profile"
1100:Census of population and housing 2021
1093:
588:from Sicily (Italy) and the Crown of
1449:
1381:
1338:
691:According to Capelli et al. (2005),
674:
78:Regions with significant populations
1111:National Statistics Office of Malta
1023:Since Malta joined the EU in 2004,
13:
2074:
1441:from the original on Apr 1, 2023.
1412:The origin of the Maltese surnames
1320:Sansone, Kurt (16 February 2023).
1072:
14:
2725:
2021:
687:distribution as Southern Italians
2261:
2027:
1041:
980:Child Migrants' Memorial at the
749:
595:The arrival of several thousand
577:The arrival of several thousand
458:
447:
436:
270:
250:
230:
210:
190:
167:
143:
123:
103:
85:
1985:
1923:
1878:
1865:
1845:"Europeans and their Languages"
1837:
1801:
1776:
1763:
1687:
1637:
1611:
1590:
1570:
1541:
1525:
1508:
1491:
1479:
1422:
1404:
1313:
1291:
1277:
1263:
1127:Australian Bureau of Statistics
711:(11.10% including 8.9% E1b1b),
1431:"Maltese – an unusual formula"
1429:Joseph M. Brincat (Feb 2005).
1249:
1235:
1221:
1207:
1162:
1115:
699:(35.55% including 32.2% R1b),
1:
2011:
1969:. Legal-Malta. Archived from
1538:. Last visited 5 August 2007.
1370:So who are the 'real' Maltese
1215:"Italy | Joshua Project"
965:
470:Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Ducros
70:
2372:Minister for Foreign Affairs
936:. Malta is described in the
476:wearing traditional clothing
16:Ethnic group native to Malta
7:
1771:Studies in Maltese Folklore
1458:"Timeline of Malta History"
1301:. State.gov. 1 January 2004
1034:
913:
825:
669:
623:The posting of some 22,000
616:exiles to Malta during the
612:The emigration of some 891
584:The settlement in Malta of
10:
2730:
1993:"Catholic Church in Malta"
1663:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.012
1608:No. 11 (2015), pp. 129–143
969:
917:
850:
781:
777:
468:18th century paintings by
421:
417:
18:
2650:
2551:
2503:
2494:
2442:
2433:
2335:
2326:
2279:
2270:
2259:
2246:Award of the George Cross
2086:
1931:"EUROPEANS AND LANGUAGES"
1565:The Sunday Times of Malta
861:Maltese people speak the
322:
314:
309:
292:
287:
267:
247:
227:
207:
187:
164:
140:
120:
100:
82:
77:
69:
64:
52:
38:
2709:Semitic-speaking peoples
1086:
764:Western Hunter-Gatherer
658:downplayed the role of
59:Map of Maltese Diaspora
2704:Ethnic groups in Malta
1536:, 7 (1977) 2 (105–132)
1057:List of Maltese people
985:
848:
822:
768:Ancient North Eurasian
759:
688:
411:
399:
387:
339:
2192:Rising of the Priests
1625:on September 22, 2004
1551:, Capelli et al. 2005
1373:. 14 September 2014.
1062:Demographics of Malta
979:
972:Emigration from Malta
948:) as the place where
843:, the oldest text in
833:
814:
772:Early European Farmer
757:
682:
526:from the now extinct
2638:World Heritage Sites
2221:British Protectorate
2036:at Wikimedia Commons
1784:"The last għonnella"
1456:Debattista, Martin.
1287:. 14 September 2021.
1285:"Maltese in Tunisia"
1259:. 20 September 2015.
498:who repopulated the
472:showing people from
428:Immigration to Malta
2111:Carthaginian Empire
1731:10.1038/nature13673
1723:2014Natur.513..409L
1606:Symposia Melitensia
1334:on 17 January 2024.
1245:. 10 February 2014.
1231:. 10 February 2014.
1150:. Statistics Canada
982:Valletta Waterfront
926:freedom of religion
881:that was spoken in
604:Knights of St. John
402:); people of Gozo,
358:and share a common
35:
2472:Telecommunications
2148:Byzantine invasion
2101:Megalithic Temples
1947:on 28 January 2007
1352:on 22 August 2008.
1105:2022-08-09 at the
986:
853:Languages of Malta
849:
823:
760:
689:
560:The stationing of
302: •
29:
2686:
2685:
2646:
2645:
2490:
2489:
2429:
2428:
2399:Political parties
2362:Foreign relations
2322:
2321:
2231:Language Question
2199:French occupation
2155:Kingdom of Sicily
2143:Aghlabid invasion
2032:Media related to
1973:on 27 August 2011
1707:(7518): 409–413.
1582:. 5 August 2007.
1396:. 5 August 2007.
1170:"Population data"
1067:Maltese Americans
930:Roman Catholicism
920:Religion in Malta
904:national language
879:dialect of Arabic
693:Y-DNA haplogroups
685:Y-DNA haplogroups
675:Paternal lineages
544:Southern European
488:Roman Catholicism
372:Mediterranean Sea
328:
327:
317:Roman Catholicism
2721:
2714:Culture of Malta
2666:
2659:
2618:National symbols
2501:
2500:
2440:
2439:
2333:
2332:
2277:
2276:
2265:
2214:Independent Gozo
2182:Invasion of Gozo
2177:Hospitaller rule
2069:
2062:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2031:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1946:
1940:. Archived from
1935:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1914:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1897:
1891:. Archived from
1890:
1882:
1876:
1875:(September 2004)
1873:Euromosaic Study
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1849:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1828:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1780:
1774:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1750:
1716:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1674:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1621:. Archived from
1615:
1609:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1574:
1568:
1567:, 5 August 2007.
1558:
1552:
1545:
1539:
1534:Melita Historica
1529:
1523:
1512:
1506:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1464:. Archived from
1453:
1447:
1446:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1365:
1354:
1353:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1330:. Archived from
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1273:. 10 March 2015.
1267:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1176:. Archived from
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1119:
1113:
1097:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1044:
950:Paul the Apostle
928:but establishes
867:Semitic language
863:Maltese language
857:Maltese language
845:Maltese language
784:Culture of Malta
656:Knights of Malta
571:on Malta in 1240
566:Sicilian Italian
524:Maltese language
484:Maltese language
462:
451:
440:
424:History of Malta
356:Semitic language
342:) people are an
280:
276:
274:
273:
260:
256:
254:
253:
240:
236:
234:
233:
220:
216:
214:
213:
200:
196:
194:
193:
183:
177:
173:
171:
170:
160:
153:
149:
147:
146:
133:
129:
127:
126:
113:
109:
107:
106:
95:
91:
89:
88:
72:
65:Total population
57:
43:
36:
28:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2642:
2628:Public holidays
2547:
2486:
2425:
2318:
2266:
2257:
2170:Hafsid invasion
2165:Battle of Malta
2160:Norman invasion
2082:
2073:
2034:People of Malta
2024:
2014:
2009:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1995:. GCatholic.org
1991:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1886:"Archived copy"
1884:
1883:
1879:
1870:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1793:
1791:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1764:
1692:
1688:
1642:
1638:
1628:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1596:Geoffrey Hull,
1595:
1591:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1559:
1555:
1546:
1542:
1530:
1526:
1513:
1509:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1471:
1469:
1468:on May 18, 2008
1454:
1450:
1427:
1423:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1367:
1366:
1357:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1129:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1107:Wayback Machine
1098:
1094:
1089:
1075:
1073:Further reading
1047:
1042:
1040:
1037:
974:
968:
922:
916:
900:multilingualism
859:
851:Main articles:
828:
790:Maltese Islands
786:
780:
752:
677:
672:
554:(Italy) in 1223
500:Maltese islands
480:
479:
478:
477:
465:
464:
463:
454:
453:
452:
443:
442:
441:
430:
422:Main articles:
420:
364:Maltese history
323:
298:
271:
269:
251:
249:
231:
229:
211:
209:
191:
189:
181:
168:
166:
158:
157:
144:
142:
124:
122:
104:
102:
86:
84:
73:400,000–700,000
60:
48:
31:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2727:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2699:Maltese people
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2462:Stock exchange
2459:
2454:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2421:Chief of Staff
2418:
2417:
2416:
2409:Prime Minister
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2389:Local councils
2386:
2381:
2379:Heads of state
2376:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2294:Fortifications
2291:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2253:State of Malta
2250:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2226:British Colony
2223:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2135:
2133:Byzantine rule
2130:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2116:Roman Republic
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2023:
2022:External links
2020:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2006:
1984:
1958:
1922:
1877:
1864:
1836:
1809:"MED Magazine"
1800:
1790:. 18 June 2020
1788:Times of Malta
1775:
1762:
1686:
1657:(5): 633–642.
1636:
1610:
1589:
1569:
1553:
1540:
1524:
1507:
1490:
1478:
1462:AboutMalta.com
1448:
1421:
1403:
1380:
1355:
1337:
1312:
1290:
1276:
1262:
1248:
1234:
1220:
1206:
1186:
1183:on 2009-06-17.
1161:
1139:
1114:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1036:
1033:
1018:United Kingdom
1012:, Canada, the
970:Main article:
967:
964:
959:World Factbook
934:state religion
918:Main article:
915:
912:
908:language shift
871:Latin alphabet
847:, 15th century
827:
824:
782:Main article:
779:
776:
751:
748:
676:
673:
671:
668:
664:Roman Catholic
660:Islam in Malta
652:
651:
636:United Kingdom
628:
621:
610:
607:
593:
586:noble families
582:
575:
572:
558:
555:
467:
466:
457:
456:
455:
446:
445:
444:
435:
434:
433:
432:
431:
419:
416:
368:island country
326:
325:
320:
319:
315:Predominantly
312:
311:
307:
306:
290:
289:
285:
284:
281:
265:
264:
261:
245:
244:
241:
225:
224:
221:
205:
204:
201:
185:
184:
178:
162:
161:
159:(Maltese-born)
154:
151:United Kingdom
138:
137:
134:
118:
117:
114:
98:
97:
80:
79:
75:
74:
67:
66:
62:
61:
58:
50:
49:
44:
30:Maltese people
25:
21:Leonard Maltin
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2726:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2581:Maltese cross
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2016:
2015:
1994:
1988:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1926:
1918:
1912:
1898:on 2006-09-19
1894:
1887:
1881:
1874:
1868:
1853:
1846:
1840:
1832:
1826:
1810:
1804:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1772:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1640:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1550:
1544:
1537:
1535:
1528:
1520:
1518:
1511:
1503:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1482:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1385:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1300:
1294:
1286:
1280:
1272:
1266:
1258:
1252:
1244:
1238:
1230:
1224:
1216:
1210:
1196:
1190:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1149:
1143:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1039:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1014:United States
1011:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
983:
978:
973:
963:
961:
960:
955:
954:Freedom House
951:
947:
943:
942:Acts 27:39–42
939:
935:
931:
927:
921:
911:
909:
905:
901:
895:
893:
889:
884:
880:
877:, an extinct
876:
875:Siculo-Arabic
872:
868:
864:
858:
854:
846:
842:
841:Pietru Caxaro
838:
837:
832:
820:
819:
813:
809:
805:
803:
799:
795:
794:Mediterranean
791:
785:
775:
773:
769:
765:
756:
750:Autosomal DNA
747:
745:
741:
740:Spencer Wells
736:
734:
733:Siculo-Arabic
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
686:
681:
667:
665:
661:
657:
649:
648:United States
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
626:
622:
619:
615:
611:
608:
605:
601:
598:
594:
591:
587:
583:
580:
576:
573:
570:
567:
563:
559:
556:
553:
549:
548:
547:
545:
541:
537:
536:Mediterranean
531:
529:
528:Siculo-Arabic
525:
521:
517:
516:Siculo-Arabic
512:
508:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
475:
471:
461:
450:
439:
429:
425:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
321:
318:
313:
308:
305:
301:
297:
296:
291:
286:
282:
279:
266:
262:
259:
246:
242:
239:
226:
222:
219:
206:
202:
199:
186:
179:
176:
175:United States
163:
155:
152:
139:
135:
132:
119:
115:
112:
99:
94:
81:
76:
68:
63:
56:
51:
47:
46:Flag of Malta
42:
37:
34:
22:
2576:Coat of arms
2561:Architecture
2537:
2508:Demographics
2477:Trade unions
2447:Central Bank
2352:Constitution
2340:Armed Forces
2241:World War II
2128:Roman Empire
1997:. Retrieved
1987:
1975:. Retrieved
1971:the original
1961:
1949:. Retrieved
1942:the original
1938:Ec.europa.eu
1937:
1925:
1900:. Retrieved
1893:the original
1880:
1872:
1867:
1855:. Retrieved
1852:Ec.europa.eu
1851:
1839:
1813:. Retrieved
1803:
1792:. Retrieved
1787:
1778:
1770:
1765:
1704:
1700:
1689:
1654:
1650:
1639:
1627:. Retrieved
1623:the original
1613:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1564:
1556:
1543:
1533:
1527:
1516:
1510:
1499:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1470:. Retrieved
1466:the original
1461:
1451:
1442:
1435:MED Magazine
1434:
1424:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1397:
1392:
1374:
1369:
1350:the original
1340:
1332:the original
1325:
1315:
1303:. Retrieved
1293:
1279:
1265:
1251:
1237:
1223:
1209:
1198:. Retrieved
1189:
1178:the original
1173:
1164:
1152:. Retrieved
1142:
1130:. Retrieved
1126:
1117:
1110:
1095:
1079:
1049:Malta portal
1022:
990:
987:
957:
946:Acts 28:1–11
938:Book of Acts
923:
896:
860:
836:Il-Kantilena
834:
816:
806:
802:independence
787:
761:
737:
729:North Africa
690:
653:
618:Risorgimento
532:
481:
403:
366:. Malta, an
344:ethnic group
331:
329:
293:
263:~1,000–2,000
218:South Africa
32:
26:Ethnic group
2528:Immigration
2384:LGBT rights
2187:Great Siege
2138:Arab Period
2106:Phoenicians
1977:4 September
1951:12 December
1857:12 December
1327:Malta Today
725:Middle East
376:archipelago
2693:Categories
2623:Philosophy
2608:Literature
2523:Healthcare
2518:Emigration
2394:Parliament
2309:Localities
2012:References
1902:2006-12-04
1815:12 January
1794:2021-01-28
1629:12 January
1472:2008-05-14
1200:2018-05-18
1154:3 December
1109:. pp. 30.
1029:Luxembourg
1025:expatriate
966:Emigration
744:Phoenician
707:(12.20%),
666:presence.
632:emigration
504:Ifriqiyian
350:who speak
346:native to
2533:Languages
2513:Education
2482:Transport
2404:President
2357:Elections
2345:Commander
2272:Geography
1999:17 August
1739:0028-0836
1714:1312.6639
1305:17 August
1010:Australia
1005:Marseille
818:għonnella
804:in 1964.
746:origins.
719:(4.40%),
715:(6.70%),
640:Australia
630:The mass
579:Aragonese
530:dialect.
511:Aghlabids
288:Languages
111:Australia
2673:Category
2603:Folklore
2566:Carnival
2543:Religion
2467:Taxation
2452:Currency
2328:Politics
2209:Blockade
2204:Invasion
2121:Invasion
2096:Timeline
2080:articles
1911:cite web
1825:cite web
1757:25230663
1681:18976729
1547:(n=90),
1439:Archived
1103:Archived
1035:See also
1016:and the
956:and the
914:Religion
888:Sicilian
826:Language
670:Genetics
646:and the
507:conquest
496:Calabria
412:Għawdxin
404:Gozitans
374:, is an
310:Religion
2657:Outline
2586:Cuisine
2553:Culture
2496:Society
2435:Economy
2304:Islands
2299:Geology
2289:Climate
2088:History
1748:4170574
1719:Bibcode
1672:2668035
1299:"Malta"
1132:28 June
997:Tunisia
993:Algeria
932:as the
892:Italian
778:Culture
625:British
620:in 1849
614:Italian
606:in 1530
600:Rhodian
562:Swabian
540:Western
520:Normans
509:by the
486:and by
418:History
408:Maltese
400:Kemmuna
396:Maltese
388:Għawdex
384:Maltese
370:in the
360:culture
352:Maltese
336:Maltese
332:Maltese
304:Italian
300:English
295:Maltese
278:Tunisia
238:Germany
180:40,820
116:198,996
96:404,113
2678:Portal
2571:Cinema
2538:People
2457:Energy
2236:Exiles
2078:
1755:
1745:
1737:
1701:Nature
1679:
1669:
1346:"Gozo"
883:Sicily
644:Canada
590:Aragon
569:troops
552:Celano
492:Sicily
392:Comino
390:) and
340:Maltin
275:
258:Turkey
255:
235:
215:
203:31,000
195:
182:(2016)
172:
156:40,230
148:
136:41,920
131:Canada
128:
108:
90:
33:Maltin
2664:Index
2633:Sport
2613:Music
2284:Caves
2076:Malta
1945:(PDF)
1934:(PDF)
1896:(PDF)
1889:(PDF)
1848:(PDF)
1709:arXiv
1181:(xls)
1087:Notes
1001:Egypt
798:Malta
597:Greek
348:Malta
243:1,000
223:1,000
198:Italy
93:Malta
2598:Flag
2591:Wine
2414:List
2314:Maps
2001:2012
1979:2011
1953:2017
1917:link
1859:2017
1831:link
1817:2017
1753:PMID
1735:ISSN
1677:PMID
1631:2017
1307:2012
1174:OECD
1156:2021
1134:2022
999:and
944:and
890:and
865:, a
855:and
770:and
727:and
564:and
542:and
494:and
474:Gozo
426:and
380:Gozo
362:and
354:, a
330:The
1743:PMC
1727:doi
1705:513
1667:PMC
1659:doi
839:by
2695::
1936:.
1913:}}
1909:{{
1850:.
1827:}}
1823:{{
1786:.
1751:.
1741:.
1733:.
1725:.
1717:.
1703:.
1699:.
1675:.
1665:.
1655:83
1653:.
1649:.
1563:,
1460:.
1437:.
1433:.
1414:.
1383:^
1358:^
1324:.
1172:.
1125:.
1031:.
995:,
766:,
697:R1
642:,
638:,
538:,
410::
398::
386::
338::
71:c.
2068:e
2061:t
2054:v
2003:.
1981:.
1955:.
1919:)
1905:.
1861:.
1833:)
1819:.
1797:.
1759:.
1729::
1721::
1711::
1683:.
1661::
1633:.
1519:.
1502:.
1475:.
1309:.
1217:.
1203:.
1158:.
1136:.
940:(
721:P
717:K
713:F
709:E
705:I
701:J
406:(
394:(
382:(
334:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
