19:
2283:
952:
1750:, from 1800 to 1964, radically and permanently transformed the language, culture and politics of Malta. Malta's position in the British Empire was unique in that it did not come about by conquest or by colonization, but at the voluntary request of the Maltese people. Britain found in Malta an ancient, Christian culture, strongly influenced by neighbouring Italy and Sicily, and loyal to the Roman Catholic Church. Malta's primary utility to Great Britain lay in its excellent natural harbours and strategic location, and for many decades, Malta was essentially a "fortress colony".
3512:
2899:
2044:
3079:
2542:(1764–1829) hailed the emergence of literary Maltese as "one of the ancient patrimonies ... of the new emerging nation," seeing this nascent trend as: (1) the affirmation of the singular and collective identity, and (2) the cultivation and diffusion of the national speech medium as the most sacred component in the definition of the patria and as the most effective justification both for a dominated community's claiming to be a nation and for the subsequent struggle against foreign rulers.
1321:
2313:– is a rite of passage for Maltese teenagers, young adults and crowds of tourists. Evenings start late and many clubbers continue the festivities into the early hours of the morning. Clubs frequently have large outdoor patios, with local and visiting DJs spinning a mix of Euro-beat, House, chill-out, R&B, hardcore, rock, trance, techno, retro, old school, and classic disco. Pubs, especially Irish pubs, are often the meeting place of choice for the start of a night of clubbing.
3300:
1466:
2723:
35:
1094:
4991:
505:
2713:
416:
1258:
880:
68:
1794:
1767:
2433:
1360:, and numerous others. Under Spanish rule Malta developed into a feudal state. From time to time during this period, the Islands were nominally ruled by various Counts of Malta, who were typically illegitimate sons of the reigning Aragonese monarch; however, the day-to-day administration of the country was essentially in the hands of the local nobility, through their governing council known as the
743:
1450:, as a result of the architectural and artistic embellishment of the Islands by their resident rulers, and as a result of advances in the overall health, education and prosperity of the local population during this period. Music, literature, theatre and the visual arts all flourished in Malta during this period, which also saw the foundation and development of many of the
2358:
2056:
591:. The present-day legacy of this is linguistic rather than cultural. The Latin European element is the major source of Maltese culture because of the virtually continuous cultural impact on Malta over the past eight centuries and the fact that Malta shares the religious beliefs, traditions and ceremonies of its Sicilian and Southern European neighbors.
3647:
flags at the end of the pole by running up the greased pole. Each Flag has a different prize, the blue and white flag is dedicated to St Mary, a yellow and white flag representing the
Vatican, and Belgium tricolour flag representative of St Julian. The sport is still practiced today and has recently garnered worldwide media attention.
2113:. Over 10,000 Maltese settled in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States between 1918 and 1920, followed by another 90,000 – or 30 percent of the population of Malta – between 1948 and 1967. By 1996, the net emigration from Malta during the 20th century exceeded 120,000, or 33.5% of the population of Malta.
2703:
spoken language, Italian has the priority of being the almost exclusive written medium, for the socio-cultural affairs, for the longest period. The native tongue had only to wait for the arrival of a new mentality which could integrate an unwritten, popular tradition with a written, academically respectable one.
3646:
Il-Gostra is a traditional sport enjoyed in many seaside towns across Malta with its origins dating back to the middle ages. The sport involves leaning a large wooden pole (normally 10-16 meters in length) over the ocean and covering it in animal fat. The objective of the game is to grab one of three
1762:
Although Malta remained heavily dependent on
British military spending, successive British governors brought advances in medicine, education, industry and agriculture to Malta. The British legacy in Malta is evident in the widespread use of the English language in Malta today. English was adopted as
982:
The slaves were engaged in various activities, including construction, shipbuilding and the transportation of
Knights and nobles by sedan-chair. They were occasionally permitted to engage in their own trades for their own account, including hairdressing, shoe-making and woodcarving, which would have
3251:
made some inroads among local
Maltese artists in the late 18th century, but this trend was reversed in the early 19th century, as the local Church authorities – perhaps in an effort to strengthen Catholic resolve against the perceived threat of Protestantism during the early days of British rule in
1481:
expanded under
Knights, while at the same time, a significant number of Western European nobles, clerics and civil servants relocated to Malta during this period. The wealth and influence of Malta's noble families – many of whom trace their ancestry back to the Norman and Spanish monarchs who ruled
1244:
and under the rule of the
Knights, Malta became the devout Catholic nation it is today. It is worth noting that the Maltese Inquisition (more properly called the Roman Inquisition) had a very long tenure in Malta following its establishment by the Pope in 1530; the last Inquisitor departed from the
628:
argued that more than 50% of Y-chromosomes from
Maltese men may have Phoenician origins. However, it is noted that this study is not peer reviewed and is contradicted by major peer reviewed studies, which prove that the Maltese share common ancestry with Southern Italians, having negligible genetic
3095:
The
Neolithic temple builders (3800–2500 BCE) endowed the numerous temples of Malta and Gozo with intricate bas relief designs, including spirals evocative of the tree of life and animal portraits, designs painted in red ochre, ceramics, and a vast collection of human form sculptures, particularly
2670:
was considered "the language of the kitchen and the workshop", while
Italian was the language of literature, law and commerce. Until the early 20th century, the vast majority of literary works by the Maltese were written in Italian, although examples of written Maltese from as far back as the 16th
2908:
The theatres currently in use for live performances in Malta and Gozo range from historic purpose-built structures to modern constructions, to retrofit structures behind historic façades. They host local and foreign artistes, with a calendar of events that includes modern and period drama in both
2080:
Malta has always been a maritime nation, and for centuries, there has been extensive interaction between
Maltese sailors and fishermen and their counterparts around the Mediterranean and into the Atlantic Ocean. More significantly, by the mid-19th century the Maltese already had a long history of
1155:
in AD 70, following his shipwreck on these Islands. The earliest Christian place of worship in Malta is said to be the cavern in Rabat Malta, now known as St. Paul's Grotto, where the apostle was imprisoned during his stay on Malta. There is evidence of Christian burials and rituals having taken
2702:
Maltese writers developed an uninterrupted local "Italian" literary movement which went on up to about four decades ago, whereas Maltese as a literary idiom started to coexist on a wide scale in the last decades of the 19th century. Whilst Maltese has the historical priority on the level of the
887:
In 1492, in response to the Alhambra Decree the Royal Council had argued – unsuccessfully – that the expulsion of the Jews would radically reduce the total population of the Maltese Islands, and that Malta should therefore be treated as a special case within the Spanish Empire. Nonetheless, the
3629:
and de Lascaris-Castellar. The Knights took these races very seriously: Bonelli records a proclamation issued by the Grand Masters of the era, which threatened anyone caught interfering with or obstructing a racing horse with forced labour on board the galleys of the Knights. The tradition was
1712:
Under the rule of General Vaubois civil marriages were introduced to Malta, and all non-Maltese clergymen and women were ordered to leave the Islands. A wholesale plundering of the gold, silver and precious art of Maltese churches followed, and several monasteries were forcibly taken from the
1533:
has provided Malta with a virtually continuous exchange of knowledge, ideas, customs and beliefs throughout history. Many modern Maltese families trace their origins to various parts of Sicily and Southern Italy. The geographic proximity has facilitated a considerable amount of intermarriage,
923:
A much smaller Jewish community developed under the rule of the Knights of Malta, but this consisted primarily of slaves and emancipated slaves. Under the rule of certain Grandmasters of the Order, the Jews were made to reside in Valletta's prisons at night, while by day they remained free to
575:
The culture of modern Malta has been described as a "rich pattern of traditions, beliefs and practices," which is the result of "a long process of adaptation, assimilation and cross fertilization of beliefs and usages drawn from various conflicting sources." It has been subjected to the same
1758:
further enhanced Malta's importance as a supply station and as a naval base. Prosperity brought with it a dramatic rise in the population, from 114,000 in 1842, to 124,000 in 1851, 140,000 in 1870, and double that amount by 1914. Malta became increasingly urbanized, with the majority of the
3267:
A National School of Art was established by Parliament in the 1920s, and during the reconstruction period that followed the Second World War, the local art scene was greatly enhanced by the emergence of the "Modern Art Group", whose members included Josef Kalleya (1898–1998), George Preca
739:("The Scented Garden of Information about Places"). Al-Himyari describes Malta as generally uninhabited and visited by Arabs solely for the purpose of gathering honey and timber and catching fish. No other chronicles make similar descriptions and this claim is not universally accepted.
966:
over Malta, due in part to trade between the Knights and North Africa, but primarily due to the large numbers of slaves present in Malta during the 17th and 18th centuries: upwards of 2,000 at any given time (or about 5 per cent of the population of Malta), of whom 40–45 per cent were
1542:
in 1060 CE. Accordingly, it is difficult to determine whether some of the Semitic influences on Maltese culture were originally imported to Malta from North Africa, or from Sicily. The Sicilian influence on Maltese culture is extensive, and is especially evident in the
2108:
There was heavy migration from Malta in the early 20th century, and again after World War II until the early 1980s; however the destinations of choice during this period tended to be more distant, English-speaking countries rather than the traditional, Mediterranean
1435:, from 25,000 in 1535 to over 40,000 in 1621, to over 54,463 in 1632. This was primarily due to immigration from Western Europe, but also due to generally improved health and welfare conditions, and the reduced incidence of raids from North African and Turkish
3884:
C. Capelli, N. Redhead, N. Novelletto, L. Terrenato, P. Malaspina, Z. Poulli, G. Lefranc, A. Megarbane, V. Delague, V. Romano, F. Cali, V.F. Pascali, M. Fellous, A.E. Felice, and D.B. Goldstein; "Population Structure in the Mediterranean Basin: A Y Chromosome
2273:
on Malta. Globalization and increased Internet usage (approx. 78.1% of the population of Malta as of September 2005) is having a significant effect on Maltese culture; as of 22 December 2006, Malta had the fourth highest rate of Internet usage in the world.
1937:
Due to Malta forming a part of the British Empire in the 19th and 20th centuries, and a considerable amount of intermarriage having taken place during that time period, the existence of British or Irish surnames is increasingly common. Examples include:
2335:
Despite rapidly increasing tolerance and acceptance of alternative lifestyles, Malta offers its gay and lesbian locals and visitors less nightlife options than other Southern European destinations. With the exception of several staple bars (including
3381:
held in London in 1851. Lacemaking is currently taught in Government trade schools for girls, and in special classes organized by the Society of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce. Lacemaking is essentially a cottage industry throughout Malta and Gozo.
2105:. Intermarriage with other nationals (especially Italians and Sicilians) was not uncommon. Migrants would periodically return to Malta, bringing with them new customs and traditions that over time have been absorbed into mainstream Maltese culture.
3578:). In Malta, the game is played on a smooth surface covered with coarse-grained sand, with teams of three players. Boċċi clubs are common throughout Malta, but also among the Maltese emigrant communities in Australia, Canada and the United States.
3370:"the females of the island make also excellent lace; the lace mitts and gloves wrought by the Malta girls are bought by all ladies coming to the island; orders from England are often sent for them on account of their beauty and cheapness."
3590:
runs high in Malta and Gozo throughout the summer months. Prowess in this particular sport was the impetus for the foundation, in 1925, of a local Amateur Swimming Association, and Malta's first participation in the Olympic Games, at the
2348:
in Malta have a tendency to pop up, relocate, and disappear from one summer season to the next. However, the local gay population is usually very much in evidence – and welcome – at the mainstream clubs of Paceville and elsewhere.
1332:
in the Mediterranean, and Spanish governance over Malta from 1282 to 1530, are still evident in Maltese culture today. These include culinary, religious, and musical influences. Two examples are the enduring importance of the
3107:
The Roman period introduced highly decorative mosaic floors, marble colonnades and classical statuary, remnants of which are beautifully preserved and presented in the Roman Domus, a country villa just outside the walls of
732:
It is difficult to trace a continuous line of cultural development during this time. A proposed theory that the islands were sparsely populated during Fatimid rule is based on a citation in the French translation of the
1398:
The period of Spanish rule over Malta lasted roughly as long as the period of Arab rule; however, this appears to have had little impact on the language spoken in rural Malta, which remained heavily influenced by
3341:, although historically it was also worked on black or white silk. It is typically used to make tablecloths, placemats and serviettes, and is periodically featured in couture, and in traditional Maltese costume.
1619:
on Malta strengthened considerably throughout the 19th century. This was due in part to increasing levels of literacy among the Maltese, the increased availability of Italian newspapers, and an influx of Italian
1753:
Throughout the 19th century, Malta benefited from increased defence spending by Britain, particularly from the development of the dockyards and the harbour facilities. The Crimean War and the opening of the
1713:
religious orders. The Maltese were scandalized by the desecration of their churches. A popular uprising culminated with the "defenestration" of Citizen Masson, commandant of the French garrison, and the
1124:) is the architectural and geographic focal point of every Maltese town and village, and its main source of civic pride. This civic pride manifests itself in spectacular fashion during the local village
1759:
population inhabiting the Valletta and the Three Cities. Malta's fortunes waned during times of peace in the early 20th century, and again after World War II, leading to massive waves of emigration.
1055: ... at least during the first few centuries of Roman rule, tradition, customs and language were still Punic despite romanization of the place. This is in agreement with what can be read in the
3268:(1909–1984), Anton Inglott (1915–1945), Emvin Cremona (1919–1986), Frank Portelli (b. 1922), Antoine Camilleri (b. 1922) and Esprit Barthet (b. 1919). Malta has a thriving contemporary arts scene.
2498:(1718). A collection of religious sermons by a certain Dun Ignazio Saverio Mifsud, published between 1739 and 1746, is now regarded as the earliest known Maltese prose. An anonymous poem entitled
1036:. From a cultural perspective, the Roman period is notable for the arrival in Malta of several highly placed Roman families, whose progeny form part of the Maltese nation today. These include the
833:
accompanied the ancient Phoenicians in their voyages across the Mediterranean. The earliest evidence of a Jewish presence on Malta is an inscription in the inner apse of the southern temple of
1277:, which became the primary literary language and the medium of legal and commercial transactions in Malta. A large number of Sicilian and Italian words were adopted into the local vernacular.
1210:
to demonstrate that Malta had been ordained by God as a "bulwark of Christian, European civilization against the spread of Mediterranean Islam." The native Christian community that welcomed
2293:
The long, warm summer nights of Malta lend themselves to a vibrant nightlife, which is at odds with Malta's traditional conservatism and the staunch Catholicism of older generations.
872:, frequently becoming landowners. The Jewish population of Malta had flourished throughout the period of Norman rule, such that one third of the population of Malta's ancient capital,
1677:
for "good evening", still in use today), Napoleon's garrison had a much deeper impact on Maltese culture. Within six days following the capitulation by Grand Master Hompesch on board
1357:
1003:
A significant number of slaves converted to Christianity, were emancipated, or even adopted by their Maltese patrons which may have further exposed Maltese culture to their customs.
979:
and Jews. There were so many Jewish slaves in Malta during this time that Malta was frequently mentioned for its large enslaved Jewish population in Jewish literature of the period.
1808:. Sliema itself, which developed from a sleepy fishing village into a bustling, cosmopolitan town during the British period, once boasted an elegant seafront that was famed for its
1143:
Making allowances for a possible break in the appointment of bishops to Malta during the period of the Fatimid conquest, the Maltese Church is referred to today as the only extant
3638:, which was founded in 1868, boasted one of the longest tracks in Europe, at one and three quarter miles (2.8 km). The first Marsa races were held on 12 and 13 April 1869.
567:
to Malta, probably imported by Sicilian population because of the similarity of Maltese dolmens with similar constructions found in the largest island of the Mediterranean sea.
2416:
and neighbouring Sicily. A busy cruise liner terminal has been developed on the Valletta side of Grand Harbour; however, Malta's primary connection to the outside world is its
793:, it concludes saying, "You who read this, see that dust covers my eyelids, in my place and in my house, nothing but sadness and weeping; what will my resurrection be like?"
3406:). Filigree items that are ubiquitous in Maltese jewellery stores and crafts centres include brooches, pendants, earrings, flowers, fans, butterflies, jewelboxes, miniature
2265:
Radio shows, television programs and the easy availability of foreign newspapers and magazines throughout the 20th century further extended and enhanced the impact of both
524:
who arrived on the island sometime before 5000 BC. They grew cereals and raised domestic livestock and, in keeping with many other ancient Mediterranean cultures, formed a
999:
under the pretext of selling merchandise, spreading among the women and simple-minded persons any kind of superstition, charms, love-remedies and other similar vanities.
857:. Members of the Malta's Jewish community are known to have risen to the highest ranks of the civil service during the period of Arab occupation, including the rank of
4210:(Dan il-ktieb jiġbor fih numru kbir ta qwiel u ta' idjomi. L-awtur jagħti wkoll tifsiriet kif bdew il-laqmijiet kollettivi tan-nies ta l-ibliet u l-irħula tagħhna etċ)
1804:
architecture was also introduced to Malta during this period, such as in the Chapel of Santa Maria Addolorata at Malta's main cemetery, and in the Carmelite Church in
3280:
in 2017 and 1999. There are numerous contemporary arts spaces, such as Blitz and Malta Contemporary Art, which support and nurture Maltese and international artists.
1763:
one of Malta's two official languages in 1936, and it has now firmly replaced Italian as the primary language of tertiary education, business, and commerce in Malta.
1499:. As a result, the University of Malta is one of the oldest extant universities in Europe, and the oldest Commonwealth university outside of the United Kingdom. The
2251:. The official languages are Maltese and English. Italian, French and German are also widely spoken and taught in secondary schools, though the latter two less so.
1233:, and contributed to, from the 15th century to the early 20th century, the dominance of Italian as Malta's primary language of culture and learning. Since 1808 all
651:, and settled in Malta. There is also some evidence that at least one North African tribe, the Oulad Said, claim that they share common ancestry with the Maltese.
3163:, and Filippo Paladini, who was active in Malta from 1590 to 1595. For many years, Mannerism continued to inform the tastes and ideals of local Maltese artists.
4124:
1697:
to Malta. Slavery was abolished, and the scions of Maltese nobility were ordered to burn their patents and other written evidence of their pedigrees before the
3545:, and a victory by either of these two teams inevitably leads to spontaneous, and very boisterous street parties and carcades all over the Maltese Islands the
2116:
Emigration dropped dramatically after the mid-1970s and has since ceased to be a social phenomenon of significance. However, since Malta joined the EU in 2004
868:
Unlike the Jewish experience in the rest of Europe, throughout the Middle Ages the Jews of Malta generally resided among the general population rather than in
2182:
report that 98 percent of the Maltese profess Roman Catholicism as their religion, making Malta one of the most Catholic countries in the world. However, the
3337:, but not necessarily. Genoese-style leafwork is an essential component of the traditional designs. Nowadays, Malta lace is usually worked on ivory-coloured
3132:
movements. Towards the end of the 15th century, Maltese artists, like their counterparts in neighbouring Sicily, came under the influence of the School of
3083:
896:
to Catholicism, or exile, followed. Evidence of these conversions can be found in many Maltese family names that still survive today, such as the families
18:
2483:), circa 1672. The earliest known Maltese dictionary was written by Francois de Vion Thezan Court (circa 1640). In 1700, an anonymous Gozitan poet wrote
1547:, with its emphasis on olive oil, pasta, seafood, fresh fruits and vegetables (especially the tomato), traditional appetizers such as caponata (Maltese:
3170:, who painted at least seven works during his 15-month stay on these islands, further revolutionized local art. Two of Caravaggio's most notable works,
2389:, formerly ex-British Armed forces vehicles, were Malta's main domestic mode of transportation until 2011. From then onwards bus services were run by
5094:
1225:
who caused Maltese bishops to be appointed, as did – on rare occasions – the Spanish and later, the Knights. This continued Malta's connections with
3851:
3623:
1662:
584:
2923:: Built as a raised gun platform at the entrance to the walled city c. 1566, retrofitted and inaugurated as a cultural centre on 22 September 2000
1116:
It is said that in Malta, Gozo, and Comino there are more than 365 churches, or one church for every 1,000 residents. The parish church (Maltese:
2758:
2567:. was published in 1822 (trans. Ġużeppi Marija Cannolo), on the initiative of the Bible Society in Malta. The first Maltese language newspaper,
1721:. With the French blockaded behind the walls of Valletta, a National Assembly of Maltese was formed. Petitions were sent out to the King of the
1079:
families to the Maltese collective, bringing with them various superstitions, proverbs, and traditions that exist within Maltese culture today.
5099:
4745:
3206:. Preti spent the last 40 years of his life in Malta, where he created many of his finest works, now on display in the Museum of Fine Arts, in
1426:
1037:
616:
colony. Phoenician origins have been suggested for the Maltese people and their customs since 1565. A genetic study carried out by geneticists
1032:. Few archeological relics survive in Malta today from the Roman period, the sole exception being the Roman Domus, just outside the walls of
5148:
3826:
2185:
commissioned by the Church of Malta reports that, as of 2005, only 52.6% of the population attended religious services on a regular basis.
544:
are considered the oldest standing stone structures in the world. The temples date from 4000 to 2500 BC and typically consist of a complex
3965:
3909:
3344:
Lace making has been prevalent in Malta since the 16th century, and was probably introduced to the Islands at roughly the same time as in
1669:
had been French, and though some French customs and expressions had crept into common usage in Malta as a result (such as the expressions
1644:– who believed that Malta was, at heart, part of the emerging Italian nation – resonated among many of Malta's upper- and middle-classes.
608:
inhabited the Maltese Islands from around 700 BCE, and made extensive use of their sheltered harbours. By 480 BCE, with the ascendancy of
528:
represented in Malta by statuettes of unusually large proportions. Pottery from the earliest period of Maltese civilization (known as the
1269:
over Malta brought massive waves of immigration to the Islands from Sicily and from the Italian mainland, including clergy and notaries.
4621:
3198:
movement that followed was destined to have the most enduring impact on Maltese art and architecture. The severe, Mannerist interior of
4299:
4027:, tom. I, pp. 713 et seq. (1880) Innsbruck; cited by J. Cassar Pullicino, in "Determining the Semitic Element in Maltese Folklore", in
3614:
on 29 June date back to the 15th century. These races form part of the traditional celebrations of the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul (
2332:. They typically offer a mix of local and foreign wines, traditional Maltese appetizer platters, and occasionally, live entertainment.
762:
conquered the island, differences in the customs and usages of the inhabitants of Malta were distinct from those in other parts of the
446:
3997:
4320:
4449:
1882:, Chief Justice of Malta, who were suspected by the Colonial authorities of being sympathetic to the fascist cause. Their exile in
1866:
The "culture clash" between pro-British and pro-Italian elements in Malta reached its apex in February 1942, when British Governor
4419:
1273:
became the sole written language of Malta, as evidenced by notarial deeds from this period, but this was eventually supplanted by
639:, with some choosing to settle in Malta and others in North Africa, which would suggest that the prototypical Maltese culture had
5832:
2282:
1592:. Centuries of dependence on the Diocese of Palermo brought many Sicilian religious traditions to Malta, including the Christmas
1024:, with the power to control domestic affairs, mint their own money, and send ambassadors to Rome. It was during this period that
635:
legend claims that the ancestors of the present Maltese, together with the first Algerians, fled from their original homeland of
4273:
2909:
national languages, musicals, opera, operetta, dance, concerts and poetry recitals. The more notable theatrical venues include:
5072:
4794:
4105:
4140:
A. Bonnici, "Superstitions in Malta towards the middle of the Seventeenth Century in the Light of the Inquisition Trials," in
3887:
5365:
3358:
There was a resurgence of lace-making in Malta around 1833, which has been attributed to a certain Lady Hamilton-Chichester.
825:
According to local legend, the earliest Jewish residents arrived in Malta some 3,500 years ago, when the seafaring tribes of
368:
2975:
1787:
1534:
cross-migration, and trade between the two groups of islands. It is likely that this was just as true during the period of
1485:
Maltese education, in particular, took a significant leap forward under the Knights, with the foundation, in 1592, of the
1180:
3755:
3631:
3474:
3156:
1726:
1640:
when he was ordered into exile; however, this never came to pass. The political writings of Garibaldi and his colleague,
1629:
1234:
1043:
Whether the origins of Maltese culture can be found in the Eastern Mediterranean or North Africa, the impact on Malta of
4668:
4363:
4050:
551:
Little is known about the temple builders of Malta and Gozo; however there is some evidence that their rituals included
5126:
4973:
4337:
1356:
The Spanish period also saw the establishment of local nobility, with the creation of Malta's oldest extant title, the
729:. Genetic studies indicate that the Arabs who colonised Malta in this period were in fact Arabic-speaking Sicilians.,
238:
4561:
1778:
style of architecture to Malta, evident in several buildings built during this period, including the parish church of
5496:
5438:
4257:
4191:
4121:
3355:
in 1697, aimed at repressing the wearing of gold, silver, jewellery, gold cloth, silks and other materials of value.
2378:
Car ownership in Malta is the fourth highest in Europe, given the small size of the islands. Like in the UK, traffic
4247:
1159:
Further evidence of Christian practices and beliefs during the period of Roman persecution can be found in the many
5141:
2691:, French, Spanish and Italian, and from 1800 onwards, English. The Maltese language today is heavily overlaid with
2620:
in 1861 and 1863, respectively. The same author published the first history book in the Maltese language, entitled
2320:
are increasingly popular among young professionals and the more discriminating tourists, and are popping up in the
2138:
Education is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16 years. While the state provides education free of charge, the
1371:
family, settled in Malta from Spain and Sicily during this time. Other Maltese families of Spanish origin include:
862:
1128:, which mark the feast day of the patron saint of each parish with marching bands, religious processions, special
5391:
5106:
4875:
4807:
2942:
2183:
2147:
1848:
1513:
1477:
Contact between the Maltese and the many Sicilian and Italian mariners and traders who called at Valletta's busy
1266:
1241:
140:
5204:
5041:
4936:
3538:
3526:
3202:
was transformed into a Baroque masterpiece by the glorious vault paintings of the celebrated Calabrese artist,
439:
201:
27:
2552:, by Citizen La Coretterie, Secretary to the French Government Commissioner, was published on the occasion of
796:
The population of Malta at that time amounted to no more than 1,119 households, of whom 836 were described as
587:
with the recent British legacy also in evidence. In the early part of its history, Malta was also exposed to
5703:
5516:
4968:
4694:
2650:
2266:
1856:
1175:. The latter, in particular, were beautifully frescoed between 1200 and 1480; they were defaced by marauding
625:
233:
1345:) that grace traditional Maltese homes today. It is also possible that the traditional Maltese costume, the
865:, there were 47 Christian and 25 Jewish families on Malta, and 200 Christian and 8 Jewish families on Gozo.
5791:
5541:
3542:
3534:
3515:
2505:, was written circa 1749, regarding the uprising of the slaves of that year. A few years later, in 1752, a
2379:
809:
2146:. Most of the teachers' salary in Church schools is paid by the state. Education in Malta is based on the
5713:
5199:
5036:
4828:
4823:
4389:
4153:
G. Wettinger, cited by J. Cassar Pullicino, in "Determining the Semitic Element in Maltese Folklore", in
3273:
2984:
2417:
2060:
1801:
892:
on 18 June 1492, giving the Jewish population of Malta and Sicily three months to leave. Numerous forced
814:
A number of Jewish families resided in Malta almost consistently from approximately 1500 BCE to the 1492
541:
494:
93:
88:
3859:
3537:; however, every four years the World Cup typically sees Maltese loyalties divided between the teams of
3438:, an Athletic Stadium and Tartan Track for athletics, archery, rugby, baseball, softball and netball at
893:
5806:
5758:
5628:
5623:
5089:
4926:
4787:
3626:
3199:
3183:
3160:
3088:
2915:
2671:
century exist. In early Maltese history, diglossia manifested itself in the co-existence of an ancient
1658:
1653:
1432:
576:
complex, historic processes that gave rise to the linguistic and ethnic admixture that defines who the
555:. This culture disappeared from the Maltese Islands around 2500 BC and was replaced by a new influx of
191:
3264:, informed the "salon" artists of the early 20th century, including Edward and Robert Caruana Dingli.
1705:. A secondary school system was established, the university system was revised extensively, and a new
1539:
5858:
5853:
5345:
5223:
5031:
4958:
4848:
3352:
3152:
2545:
Between 1798 and 1800, while Malta was under the rule of Napoleonic France, a Maltese translation of
1875:
1775:
432:
223:
113:
3963:
1661:, although brief, left a deep and lasting impression on Maltese culture and society. Several of the
1071:
With the division of the Roman Empire, in 395 CE, Malta was given to the eastern portion ruled from
5763:
5588:
5355:
4931:
4887:
3784:
3729:"The OTS Foundation – educational program provider, organizing, exhibiting, operating, researching"
3682:
1535:
400:
290:
196:
152:
4181:
845:. There is evidence of a Jewish community on Malta during the Roman period, in the form of carved
5768:
5730:
5136:
5116:
5021:
5011:
4909:
4650:, Dispensa VIII, 1907, p. 16. Cited by J. Cassar Pullicino, in "Animals in Maltese Folklore," in
3530:
3485:. The race consists of a 607-mile (977 km) route that starts and finishes in Malta, via the
3066:. He is the 1st and 2nd most popular person on social media in Malta, along with his 2nd channel
2260:
1458:
towns and villages, palaces and gardens of Malta, the most notable of which is the capital city,
1164:
763:
693:, was at this time refortified, surrounded with a wide moat and separated from its nearest town,
643:
origins. Another tradition suggests that the Maltese are descended from shepherd tribes who fled
174:
3054:
covers. As of 18 July 2019, he has 2.3 million subscribers on YouTube, 2.6 million followers on
2051:, commemorating the 310 Maltese child migrants who travelled to Australia between 1950 and 1965.
1833:
1824:
Perhaps as an indirect result of the brutal devastation suffered by the Maltese at the hands of
1612:
476:
5688:
4865:
3482:
1016:
From 218 BCE to 395 CE, Malta was under Roman political control, initially as a praetorship of
735:
636:
130:
3905:
3903:
951:
768:
moribus d'aliis de vivunt d'ipsarum d'insularum de homines et constitutionibus, nostri Sicilie
5658:
5618:
5598:
5578:
5481:
5431:
5303:
5288:
5245:
5235:
5174:
5079:
5067:
4953:
4919:
4897:
4870:
4780:
4625:
4427:
3657:
3606:
has a long tradition in Malta. The popular, bareback horse races that take place annually on
3558:
3430:
experienced a renaissance through the creation of a number of athletic facilities, including
2838:
2539:
2139:
2071:
1895:
1747:
1742:
962:
Exposure to Semitic influences continued to a limited extent during the 268-year rule of the
395:
218:
184:
162:
135:
3662:
2881:
822:
through to the present. This is yet another source of Semitic influence in Maltese culture.
39:
5796:
5593:
5255:
5189:
5111:
4941:
4914:
4001:
3900:
3672:
3592:
3546:
3522:
3511:
3349:
3133:
2075:
1809:
1148:
1056:
800:, inhabiting the island following the Norman invasion and before their ultimate expulsion.
206:
179:
1214:
was further bolstered by immigration to Malta from Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries.
8:
5816:
5801:
5748:
5718:
5673:
5668:
5643:
5501:
5350:
5250:
5121:
4313:
3619:
3549:, played between England and Italy, having led to some of the largest in recent memory.
3443:
3395:
3234:
3144:
3063:
2938:
2887:
2672:
2165:
2048:
1666:
1504:
1492:
1487:
1294:
1207:
963:
819:
666:
336:
311:
5786:
4457:
1608:), and the graphic, grim realism of traditional Maltese religious images and sculpture.
709:. It is presently evident in the names of various Maltese towns and villages and in the
529:
5708:
5698:
5648:
5608:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5546:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5506:
5491:
5486:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5335:
5260:
5240:
5209:
5131:
5084:
4999:
4948:
4180:
Edwards, I. E. S.; Gadd, C. J.; Hammond, N. G. L.; Sollberger, E. (18 September 1975).
3980:
Ibn 'Abd al-Mun'im al-Himyarī, ed. Iḥsan 'Abbās (Beirut, 1975), cited in J.M. Brincat,
3486:
3431:
3362:
is said to be particularly fond of wearing Malta lace. In 1839, Thomas McGill noted in
3230:
3190:. His legacy is evident in the works of local artists Giulio Cassarino (1582–1637) and
2813:
2646:
2564:
2448:
2409:
2369:
2133:
2055:
1899:
1682:
1637:
1440:
1246:
1218:
272:
265:
213:
3245:(1706–1798), who assumed the position of court painter to Grand Master Pinto in 1744.
3211:
2793:
1508:
5811:
5753:
5693:
5683:
5663:
5653:
5638:
5633:
5613:
5583:
5551:
5536:
5511:
5447:
5270:
5194:
5055:
4904:
4882:
4293:
4277:
4253:
4187:
3707:
3692:
3677:
3506:
3253:
3242:
3179:
3096:
the Venus of Malta. These can be viewed at the temples themselves (most notably, the
2692:
2688:
2662:
The development of native, Maltese literary works has historically been disrupted by
2204:
2159:
1923:
1714:
1270:
1211:
1088:
1047:
culture is believed to have persisted long after the Island's incorporation into the
759:
726:
588:
297:
276:
169:
147:
4102:
3241:(1710–1773). The Rococo movement was greatly enhanced by the relocation to Malta of
3151:
painters to decorate their palaces and the churches of these islands, most notably,
1859:
it underwent in the early parts of World War II. The George Cross is woven into the
1261:
Under Roger II, King of Sicily, Christianity was restored as Malta's principal faith
5723:
5678:
5573:
5461:
5424:
5384:
5330:
5293:
5162:
5026:
5016:
4838:
4815:
3883:
3687:
3667:
3378:
3289:
2855:
2788:
2716:
2667:
2517:
2491:
2212:
2200:
2194:
1825:
1779:
1718:
1641:
1633:
1616:
1436:
1414:
1334:
1274:
1222:
1040:
family (originally, "Capo di Ferro"), today one of Malta's premier noble families.
984:
976:
846:
710:
552:
488:
382:
103:
78:
4507:
3261:
2404:
A regular ferry system connects the two main Maltese islands, via the harbours of
2120:
communities emerged in a number of European countries particularly in Belgium and
1886:, which lasted until 8 March 1945, was a source of controversy among the Maltese.
304:
5313:
5298:
5184:
4892:
4860:
4324:
4128:
4109:
3969:
3891:
3759:
3447:
3277:
3238:
3129:
2860:
2818:
2808:
2748:
2738:
2733:
2726:
2684:
2473:
2306:
2270:
2230:
1879:
1812:
style architecture, that was strongly reminiscent of the British seaside town of
1729:, soliciting their aid and support. The French garrison capitulated to Nelson in
1544:
1400:
1329:
1217:
For centuries, leadership over the Church in Malta was generally provided by the
1059:, which call the Maltese "barbarians", that is using a language that was neither
956:
815:
464:
341:
283:
157:
125:
4168:
Missione archeologica italiana a Malta: Rapporto preliminare della campagna 1966
3630:
revived and strengthened after the First World War under British Governor, Lord
2843:
2743:
2043:
1851:
in a letter dated 15 April 1942 to the island's Governor Lieutenant-General Sir
1202:
recount the conversion to Christianity of the Maltese population at the hand of
1179:
in the 1550s. There are also a number of cave churches, including the grotto at
1156:
place in the general vicinity of the Grotto, dating back to the 3rd century AD.
5400:
5360:
5340:
5265:
4980:
4843:
4532:
3812:
J. Cassar Pullicino, "Determining the Semitic Element in Maltese Folklore", in
3702:
3697:
3455:
3427:
3359:
3248:
3191:
3125:
3022:
3008:
2963:
2902:
2898:
2877:
2798:
2778:
2680:
2412:
in Malta, and Mġarr in Gozo. There are also regular ferry services between the
2216:
2208:
2178:
2169:
2094:
1915:
1894:
British traditions that live on in Malta include an efficient civil service, a
1867:
1855:, so as to "bear witness to the heroism and devotion of its people" during the
1852:
1621:
1593:
1581:
1308:
1203:
1176:
1152:
1072:
1060:
1048:
1025:
972:
702:
660:
621:
577:
536:, Sicily. These people were either supplanted by, or gave rise to a culture of
525:
352:
328:
318:
258:
245:
108:
53:
3752:
3348:. Lace was included with other articles in a bando or proclamation enacted by
3078:
463:
has been influenced by various societies that have come into contact with the
5847:
5325:
5308:
4720:
4672:
4367:
4054:
3415:
3334:
3226:
3214:(1639–1667) emerged as one of the top Baroque sculptors of the Roman School.
2763:
2753:
2459:
2413:
2173:
1919:
1860:
1730:
1577:
1521:
itself was known as one of the finest and most advanced hospitals in Europe.
1478:
1281:
1144:
747:
714:
670:
617:
468:
390:
1611:
Despite Malta's rapid transformation into a strategic naval base during the
1320:
1183:, which is a Shrine of the Nativity of Our Lady where, according to legend,
5405:
5318:
4963:
4855:
4569:
3635:
3611:
3603:
3439:
3374:
3308:
3203:
2833:
2783:
2773:
2768:
2553:
2464:
2441:
2086:
1871:
1844:
1722:
1625:
1496:
1482:
Malta prior to the Knights – was also greatly enhanced during this period.
1409:
1168:
1029:
854:
694:
420:
228:
120:
3557:
The Marsa sports complex includes a 68 par golf course, maintained by the
3252:
Malta – favoured and avidly promoted the religious themes embraced by the
3067:
3055:
516:
The earliest inhabitants of the Maltese Islands are believed to have been
3490:
3435:
3330:
3322:
3257:
3137:
2828:
2803:
2535:
1910:. Another British legacy in Malta is the widely popular annual Christmas
1903:
1601:
1451:
1188:
1102:
698:
690:
681:, and the cultivation of citrus fruits and mulberries. Then capital city
2405:
1685:
had given Malta a Constitution and introduced the Republican concept of
1417:, which was written prior to 1485, at the height of the Spanish period.
1137:
834:
3451:
3167:
2823:
2645:(1889), was modelled on traditional Italian historical novels, such as
2121:
2117:
2064:
1907:
1755:
1706:
1701:
that had been hastily erected in St. George's Square, at the centre of
1589:
1465:
1098:
1021:
556:
537:
2722:
2324:
of some of the more picturesque, historic cities and towns, including
2310:
1431:
The population of Malta increased considerably during the rule of the
1147:
other than Rome itself. According to tradition and as recorded in the
34:
4833:
4479:
4090:
The Jews of Malta | The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot
3587:
3494:
3467:
3398:. This included gold and silver ornamental flower garlands (Maltese:
3299:
3148:
3117:
3113:
3051:
2663:
2592:
2521:
2506:
2386:
2373:
2362:
2302:
2286:
2220:
2102:
1911:
1829:
1404:
1341:) in Maltese folk music, and the enclosed wooden balconies (Maltese:
1160:
1133:
1129:
1093:
850:
717:. It is noted that, during this period, Malta was administered from
706:
644:
605:
560:
533:
98:
43:
5416:
4397:
4089:
3982:
Malta 870–1054: Al-Himyarī's Account and its Linguistic Implications
924:
transact business, trade and commerce among the general population.
838:
3607:
3269:
3207:
3187:
3121:
3101:
3100:
and Tarxien Temples), and at the National Museum of Archaeology in
3097:
3043:
3040:
2980:
2968:
2952:
2930:
2920:
2712:
2606:, by Giovanni Antonio Vassallo, was published in 1842, followed by
2560:
2394:
2325:
2110:
1843:
as the dominant source of cultural influences on modern Malta. The
1813:
1702:
1636:, and Ruggiero Settimo. Malta was also the proposed destination of
1553:
1470:
1459:
1350:
1346:
1192:
1184:
996:
983:
brought them into close contact with the Maltese urban population.
797:
774:
754:
gravestone of the girl Maymūnah who died on Thursday, 21 March 1174
640:
609:
504:
2641:
author, Giuseppe Folliero de Luna. Anton Manwel Caruana's novel,
1902:
parliamentary structure, a governmental structure premised on the
1257:
1106:
879:
4772:
4746:"St Julian's feast celebrated with gostra and hunting traditions"
4234:
The Making of Christian Malta: From the Early Middle Ages to 1530
3926:Ħrejjef Missierijietna, Book III: Dawk li jagħmlu l-Ġid fid-Dinja
3459:
3326:
3195:
2941:
in 1574, retrofitted and inaugurated as part of the multipurpose
2601:
2090:
1931:
1927:
1793:
1569:
1563:
1455:
889:
826:
782:
718:
632:
564:
545:
509:
3568:
Another common sport in Malta is a local variety of the game of
1766:
1245:
Islands in 1798, after the Knights capitulated to the forces of
742:
67:
4131:
in Hadassah Magazine. December 2005. Accessed 28 December 2006.
3827:"Phoenician and Punic remains in Malta – The Malta Independent"
3394:) in gold and silver flourished in Malta under the rule of the
3222:
3218:
3059:
2994:
2638:
2398:
2390:
2098:
1883:
1840:
1805:
1585:
1530:
1439:. By 1798, when the Knights surrendered Malta to the forces of
1226:
1076:
1017:
869:
858:
722:
678:
521:
517:
3333:
stuffed with straw, and frequently features the eight-pointed
3124:
Maltese artists, but they were increasingly influenced by the
2432:
1790:
in Valletta, which has a spire dominating the city's skyline.
1284:
architecture can still be found in Malta's ancient capital of
1020:. The islands were eventually elevated to the status of Roman
4990:
4803:
4721:"Gostra is a Sport Featuring People Running Up A Greasy Pole"
3569:
3345:
3338:
3109:
2676:
2481:(The month of May has arrived, with roses and orange blossoms
2472:), followed by Gian Francesco Bonamico's sonnet of praise to
2329:
2082:
1926:
as Christmas treats in place of the more traditional Maltese
1837:
1783:
1289:
1285:
1230:
1172:
1064:
1044:
1033:
968:
940:
939:(Moshé's Farm) attest to the endurance of Jewish presence in
873:
830:
790:
751:
682:
674:
648:
613:
563:
its dead and introduced smaller megalithic structures called
472:
23:
4179:
2142:
and the private sector run a number of schools in Malta and
1473:, one of several built and fortified by the Knights of Malta
570:
5179:
3463:
3314:
3120:
tastes. These tastes continued to inform the endeavours of
3047:
3026:
3012:
2516:
was published in both Maltese and Italian. The occasion of
2458:
The oldest extant literary text in the Maltese language is
2421:
2143:
1110:
786:
3910:
A.E. Felice; "The Genetic Origin of Contemporary Maltese,"
2496:
Specimen Lingua Punicæ in hodierna Melitensium superstitis
2247:
2241:
2235:
2225:
1446:
The period of the Knights is often referred to as Malta's
1324:
The wooden balconies and wrought-iron railings of Valletta
3852:"Phoenicians Online Extra @ National Geographic Magazine"
2357:
1870:
ordered the deportation of 47 notable Maltese, including
4648:
Supplementi periodici all'Archivio Glottologico Italiano
2630:
1863 saw the publication of the first novel in Maltese,
1576:
Sicilian influence is also evident in many of the local
955:
Sculpture of a Muslim slave on the funerary monument of
3728:
4555:
4553:
2971:: Malta's National Theatre, inaugurated 9 January 1732
2675:
and the language of a series of rulers, most notably,
2453:
1600:), the ritual visiting of several Altars of Repose on
1028:
was shipwrecked on the Maltese Islands and introduced
1006:
861:. By 1240, according to a report prepared for Emperor
629:
input from the Eastern Mediterranean or North Africa.
3140:
ideals and concepts to the decorative arts in Malta.
3087:, 1608. Oil on canvas, 361 x 520 cm. Oratory of
2849:
1889:
1367:
Some of Malta's premier noble families including the
1206:. It is suggested that Abela's writings were used by
471:
cultures, and the cultures of the nations that ruled
3260:, tempered by the naturalism introduced to Malta by
2393:. There has also been a railway in the past between
1709:
of law was introduced to the legal system of Malta.
1557:), speciality dishes such as rice timbale (Maltese:
1443:, the population of Malta had increased to 114,000.
4550:
3879:
3877:
3143:The artistic heritage of Malta blossomed under the
1529:Located just 96 km (60 mi) to the north,
1163:that lie beneath various parts of Malta, including
499:
3364:A Handbook, or Guide, for Strangers visiting Malta
1524:
669:and included innovations like the introduction of
4502:
4500:
3801:Ancient Stones: The Prehistoric Dolmens in Sicily
3112:. The early Christian frescoes that decorate the
1770:Parish Church of Sta. Marija Assunta (Mosta Dome)
647:in the face of an advancing enemy, set sail from
467:throughout the centuries, including neighbouring
5845:
3874:
3276:for 2018. Malta has produced a pavilion for the
2572:(The Harlequin, or a mix of English and Maltese)
2033:
4249:The Maltese Cross: A Strategic History of Malta
4157:, (1992) Malta University Press, pp. 71 and 72.
3477:. Since 1968, Malta has also hosted the annual
3116:beneath Malta reveal a propensity for eastern,
2520:in 1760 saw the publication of a collection of
594:
4497:
2164:Today, the Constitution of Malta provides for
1836:, the United Kingdom has replaced neighboring
1427:History of Malta under the Order of Saint John
5432:
4788:
4559:
4040:Zarb, T. Folklore of An Island, PEG Ltd, 1998
3897:, 69, 1–20, 2005. Last visited 8 August 2007.
2951:(Mediterranean Institute Theatre Programme),
2514:(Don Francesco Wizzino's Christian Teachings)
2038:
1165:St Paul's Catacombs and St Agatha's Catacombs
927:Local place names around the island, such as
612:in the western Mediterranean, Malta became a
440:
4236:, Aldershot, Hants.: Ashgate Varorium, 2002.
3473:In 1993 and again in 2003, Malta hosted the
1863:and can be seen wherever the flag is flown.
559:immigrants, a culture that is known to have
4695:"Customs & Traditions : Air Malta"
4594:: A Craft Handed over by the Knights", in
4450:"The 1996 CIA World Factbook page on Malta"
4364:"Merlins Over Malta – The Defenders Return"
3937:L. Cutajar, "X'Igħidu l-Għarab fuq Malta",
2494:appeared in Johannes Heinrich Maius's work
1847:was awarded to the people of Malta by King
1198:The writings of classic Maltese historian,
701:followed the conquest of Malta, Sicily and
583:Present-day Maltese culture is essentially
5439:
5425:
4795:
4781:
4239:
4034:
3992:
3990:
2301:– especially in the traffic-free zones of
1420:
1191:. It has been a place of pilgrimage since
841:, which says, in the Phoenician alphabet:
447:
433:
5095:Ministry for Foreign and European Affairs
4221:Della Descrittione di Malta, (1647) Malta
3803:. Abingdon: Brazen Head Publishing, 2013.
2574:appeared in 1839, and featured the poems
2168:but establishes Roman Catholicism as the
1819:
1717:of a handful of Maltese patriots, led by
1624:to Malta. Several leaders of the Italian
571:The development of modern Maltese culture
4480:"ITU: Committed to connecting the world"
4245:
4084:
4082:
4025:Ex Act. Imperii Ined. seculi XIII et XIV
3510:
3442:, the National Swimming Pool Complex on
3298:
3077:
2916:St. James Cavalier Centre for Creativity
2897:
2721:
2711:
2569:l-Arlekkin Jew Kawlata Ingliża u Maltija
2559:The first translation into Maltese of a
2511:Tagħlim Nisrani ta' Dun Franġisk Wizzino
2431:
2356:
2281:
2054:
2042:
1792:
1765:
1464:
1319:
1256:
1092:
950:
878:
741:
503:
33:
17:
4031:, (1992) Malta University Press, p. 71.
3987:
3816:, Malta University Press (1992), p. 68.
3450:, an enclosed swimming pool complex at
3084:The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist
2983:: open-air theatre in the ruins of the
2081:migration to various places, including
5846:
4718:
4646:L. Bonelli, "Il Dialetto Maltese," in
4298:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3998:"Xewkija Local Council - Gozo - Malta"
3618:), and were greatly encouraged by the
1898:that is based on the British model, a
1349:, is a local variation of the Spanish
475:for long periods of time prior to its
5446:
5420:
4776:
4314:Victor Paul Borg, "Architecture," in
4114:
4079:
3283:
3210:. During this period, local sculptor
3172:The Beheading of St. John the Baptist
2698:According to Prof. Oliver Friggieri:
2277:
2254:
1918:. Most Maltese families have adopted
1868:Lieutenant-General Sir William Dobbie
1628:movement were exiled in Malta by the
1407:. This is evident in Pietro Caxaro's
1292:, most notably in the Palaces of the
1151:, the Church in Malta was founded by
1075:and this new colonization introduced
4327:. Viewed online on 10 February 2007.
3753:Aberystwyth, The University of Wales
2695:and English influences as a result.
2622:Storja ta' Malta Miktuba għall-Poplu
2468:(circa 1470 to 1485) (also known as
1413:, the oldest known literary text in
654:
4426:. 28 September 2007. Archived from
3475:Games of the Small States of Europe
3462:, and regional sports complexes on
3225:influences emerged in the works of
2454:The emergence of Maltese literature
1495:, through the intercession of Pope
1011:
1007:Sources of Latin European influence
13:
4802:
3147:, who brought Italian and Flemish
2866:
2850:Notable writers of Maltese descent
2707:
2199:The national language of Malta is
1890:British traditions in modern Malta
1774:The British period introduced the
946:
888:decree of expulsion was signed in
803:
781:), found in a pagan temple in the
532:) is similar to examples found in
14:
5870:
4768:
4562:"An Overview of the Art of Malta"
4144:, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1966, pp. 156–7.
3622:, especially during the reign of
3062:and 100,137 monthly listeners on
3046:rose to popularity posting video
2635:(Elvira, or the Love of a Tyrant)
2352:
1584:, and in the devotion to certain
843:"To the love of our Father Jahwe"
818:, and again from the time of the
736:Rawd al-mi'ṭār fī khabar al-aqṭār
667:the golden age of Moorish culture
540:temple builders, whose surviving
4989:
4246:Castillo, Dennis Angelo (2006).
4166:Università degli Studi di Roma,
4103:"Il y a aussi des juifs à Malte"
3533:matches. Malta also has its own
3426:Throughout the 1990s, organized
2547:L-Għanja tat-Trijonf tal-Libertà
2529:(Marriage, in the Maltese Style)
2047:Child Migrants' Memorial at the
1797:Neo-Gothic architecture in Mdina
1736:
1358:Barony of Djar-il-Bniet e Buqana
1328:Traces of the ascendancy of the
500:The culture of prehistoric Malta
414:
66:
30:, an annual cultural celebration
4738:
4712:
4687:
4671:. 28 March 2007. Archived from
4661:
4640:
4614:
4601:
4584:
4525:
4472:
4442:
4412:
4390:"Help.com – Live Chat Software"
4382:
4356:
4330:
4316:A Rough Guide to Malta and Gozo
4307:
4266:
4226:
4213:
4208:Qwiel, Idjomi, Laqmijiet Maltin
4200:
4173:
4160:
4147:
4134:
4095:
4070:
4043:
4017:
3974:
3957:
3944:
3931:
3918:
3787:The Megalithic Temples of Malta
3598:
3303:Traditional Maltese lace making
3233:(1657–1747), and local artists
3034:
2943:Mediterranean Conference Centre
2625:(The People's History of Malta)
2550:(Ode to the Triumph of Liberty)
2503:(I am talking about you, Malta)
2490:. A Maltese translation of the
1849:George VI of the United Kingdom
1525:Sicily and the Italian mainland
789:dates back to 1173. Written in
4252:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
4186:. Cambridge University Press.
3844:
3819:
3806:
3793:
3785:"Malta Before Common Era", in
3777:
3764:
3746:
3721:
3294:
3073:
2618:(Legends and Jokes in Maltese)
1906:, and a legal system based on
1632:during this period, including
1252:
1082:
876:, is said to have been Jewish.
758:Up to two hundred years after
599:
1:
4183:The Cambridge Ancient History
3714:
3525:. Many Maltese avidly follow
3434:and a basketball pavilion in
3217:Throughout the 18th century,
3161:Conventual Church of St. John
3015:: inaugurated 20 January 1968
2632:Elvira Jew Imħabba ta' Tirann
2427:
2034:Contemporary culture of Malta
1828:'s Regia Aeronautica and the
1501:School of Anatomy and Surgery
995:strolled along the street of
626:American University of Beirut
5100:Minister for Foreign Affairs
4719:Adrian (13 September 2016).
3984:, Malta, 2d. rev. ed. (1995)
3641:
3581:
3521:Malta's "national" sport is
3155:, whose works appear in the
2657:
2188:
2127:
1171:, just outside the walls of
810:History of the Jews in Malta
595:Sources of Semitic influence
589:Semitic-speaking communities
7:
4725:Ripley's Believe It or Not!
4652:Studies in Maltese Folklore
4155:Studies in Maltese Folklore
4092:". Accessed 5 January 2007.
4029:Studies in Maltese Folklore
3814:Studies in Maltese Folklore
3790:. Accessed 28 January 2007.
3650:
3500:
3402:) and embroidery (Maltese:
3385:
3329:variety. It is formed on a
3274:European Capital of Culture
2987:, inaugurated 8 August 2013
2937:, the main hospital of the
2478:Mejju gie' bl'Uard, u Zahar
2474:Grand Master Nicolò Cotoner
2153:
2061:European Capital of Culture
1536:Arab domination over Sicily
773:The marble gravestone of a
665:This period coincided with
542:monuments on Malta and Gozo
495:Timeline of Maltese history
10:
5875:
4560:Verstraete/BBEdit, Anton.
4122:The Jewish Traveler: Malta
3954:, Malta (1856), pp. 108–9.
3856:ngm.nationalgeographic.com
3774:(2004: Miranda Publishers)
3504:
3306:
3287:
3194:(1630–1716). However, the
2893:
2875:
2538:movement, Maltese patriot
2446:
2367:
2258:
2192:
2157:
2131:
2069:
2039:Emigration and immigration
1740:
1654:French occupation of Malta
1651:
1561:), and sweets such as the
1517:in Valletta, in 1676. The
1424:
1242:Norman and Spanish periods
1140:), and other festivities.
1086:
807:
713:, a genetic descendant of
673:and irrigation systems in
658:
492:
486:
482:
5825:
5777:
5739:
5454:
5378:
5279:
5231:
5222:
5170:
5161:
5063:
5054:
5007:
4998:
4987:
4974:Award of the George Cross
4814:
4622:"Ministry of Education -"
3968:15 September 2008 at the
3913:The Sunday Times of Malta
3516:Ta' Qali National Stadium
3353:Ramon Perellos y Roccaful
2524:verses under the heading
2233:, as well as the letters
1647:
1540:Norman conquest of Sicily
1538:as it has been since the
1187:painted a picture of the
239:Award of the George Cross
4590:Ġużé Cassar Pullicino, "
3895:Annals of Human Genetics
3758:12 December 2008 at the
3683:List of museums in Malta
3563:
3421:
3414:(horse-drawn cabs), the
3390:Filigree work (Maltese:
3166:The arrival in Malta of
2871:
2615:Ħrejjef u Ċajt bil-Malti
2531:, by Dun Feliċ Demarco.
2488:(Unfortunately Innocent)
2436:First page of the novel
1315:
1097:The 12th station on the
777:girl named Majmuna (pr.
578:people of Malta and Gozo
26:during the Feast of the
4101:E. Ochs and B. Nantet,
3552:
3200:St. John's Co-Cathedral
3184:St. John's Co-Cathedral
3089:St. John's Co-Cathedral
2261:Communications in Malta
2059:Valletta served as the
1788:St Paul's Pro-Cathedral
1733:, on 5 September 1800.
1580:, in simple children's
1491:, precursor to today's
1421:The Knights of St. John
991:reported in 1653 that:
935:(The Jew's Garden) and
764:Kingdom of Two Sicilies
5497:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4607:Mincoff and Marriage,
4424:Multiculturalcanada.ca
4420:"Multicultural Canada"
4323:6 January 2007 at the
4170:, Rome (1967), p. 133.
4088:Tayar, Aline P'nina: "
3928:, no. 29 (1903), p. 19
3890:28 August 2013 at the
3518:
3483:Royal Malta Yacht Club
3372:
3304:
3178:are on display in the
3153:Matteo Perez d'Aleccio
3092:
3058:, 781.2K followers on
2997:: Originally known as
2905:
2729:
2719:
2705:
2666:. For many centuries,
2485:Jaħasra Mingħajr Ħtija
2444:
2365:
2290:
2067:
2063:in 2018 together with
2052:
1820:Impact of World War II
1798:
1771:
1659:French rule over Malta
1474:
1325:
1262:
1122:"il-knisja parrokjali"
1113:
1069:
1001:
959:
884:
760:Count Roger the Norman
755:
513:
508:The temple complex of
46:
31:
28:Conversion of St. Paul
4920:Rising of the Priests
4014:Xewkija Local Council
3952:La Reggenza di Tunisi
3658:Architecture of Malta
3559:Royal Malta Golf Club
3514:
3479:Rolex Middle Sea Race
3368:
3302:
3081:
3001:, inaugurated in 1908
2901:
2839:Mikiel Anton Vassalli
2725:
2715:
2700:
2576:l-Imħabba u Fantasija
2540:Mikiel Anton Vassalli
2500:Fuqek Nitħaddet Malta
2435:
2360:
2285:
2072:Emigration from Malta
2058:
2046:
1796:
1769:
1743:Crown Colony of Malta
1468:
1323:
1260:
1200:Gian. Francesco Abela
1096:
1053:
993:
954:
882:
745:
507:
185:Rising of the Priests
37:
21:
5366:World Heritage Sites
4949:British Protectorate
4628:on 29 September 2007
4430:on 28 September 2007
4108:29 June 2016 at the
3772:Malta Before History
3770:David Trump et al.,
3673:Freemasonry in Malta
3634:. The racecourse at
3616:il-Festa tal-Imnarja
3595:in Amsterdam, 1928.
3572:or boules (Maltese:
3410:(fishing boats) and
3377:was featured in the
3313:Traditional Maltese
3134:Antonello da Messina
2611:(Legends in Maltese)
2203:, the only official
2076:Immigration to Malta
1673:for "good day", and
1149:Acts of the Apostles
1057:Acts of the Apostles
971:, and the remainder
685:, originally called
369:World Heritage Sites
214:British Protectorate
42:musician playing an
5740:States with limited
4839:Carthaginian Empire
4669:"MALTA RACING CLUB"
4566:Hopeandoptimism.com
4127:6 July 2009 at the
3862:on 26 December 2007
3799:Salvatore Piccolo,
3489:and the islands of
3481:, organized by the
3444:University of Malta
3235:Gio Nicola Buhagiar
3145:Knights of St. John
3136:, which introduced
2957:Collegium Melitensæ
2945:on 11 February 1979
2888:Malta Song Festival
2673:Phoenician language
2166:freedom of religion
2049:Valletta Waterfront
1880:Sir Arturo Mercieca
1780:Sta. Marija Assunta
1699:arbre de la liberté
1615:, the influence of
1503:was established by
1493:University of Malta
1488:Collegium Melitense
1339:il-kitarra Spanjola
1265:The later years of
1237:have been Maltese.
964:Knights of St. John
104:Carthaginian Empire
5448:Culture of Europe
5200:Telecommunications
4876:Byzantine invasion
4829:Megalithic Temples
4596:MALTA – This Month
4572:on 6 December 2008
4460:on 23 October 2012
4057:on 3 February 2009
3831:Independent.com.mt
3733:The OTS Foundation
3663:Għana (folk music)
3519:
3487:Straits of Messina
3305:
3284:Traditional crafts
3231:Francesco Solimena
3157:Magisterial Palace
3093:
3029:: inaugurated 1976
3019:Aurora Opera House
2976:Pjazza Teatru Rjal
2906:
2882:Għana (folk music)
2814:Gioacchino Navarro
2730:
2720:
2579:(Love and Fantasy)
2565:Gospel of St. John
2449:Maltese literature
2445:
2380:drives on the left
2370:Transport in Malta
2366:
2291:
2278:Nightlife in Malta
2255:Telecommunications
2134:Education in Malta
2068:
2053:
1799:
1772:
1638:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1551:) and rice balls (
1475:
1441:Napoleon Bonaparte
1326:
1263:
1247:Napoleon Bonaparte
1219:Diocese of Palermo
1114:
987:Federico Borromeo
960:
885:
837:(3600–2500 BC) in
816:Edict of Expulsion
756:
514:
141:Byzantine invasion
94:Megalithic Temples
47:
32:
5841:
5840:
5414:
5413:
5374:
5373:
5218:
5217:
5157:
5156:
5127:Political parties
5090:Foreign relations
5050:
5049:
4959:Language Question
4927:French occupation
4883:Kingdom of Sicily
4871:Aghlabid invasion
4598:(September 1997).
4338:"BBC:On This Day"
4280:on 29 August 2008
4076:Godfrey Wettinger
3941:(1932), pp. 97–8.
3708:Politics of Malta
3693:Maltese mythology
3678:Holidays in Malta
3507:Football in Malta
3254:Nazarene movement
3243:Antoine de Favray
2985:Royal Opera House
2608:Ħrejjef bil-Malti
2160:Religion in Malta
1900:Westminster-style
1876:Nationalist Party
1715:summary execution
1212:Roger I of Sicily
1103:Ta' Pinu Basilica
1089:Religion in Malta
727:Emirate of Sicily
725:, as part of the
697:. This period of
655:Aghlabid conquest
457:
456:
224:Language Question
192:French occupation
148:Kingdom of Sicily
136:Aghlabid invasion
5866:
5859:Society of Malta
5854:Culture of Malta
5778:Dependencies and
5714:Northern Ireland
5455:Sovereign states
5441:
5434:
5427:
5418:
5417:
5394:
5387:
5346:National symbols
5229:
5228:
5168:
5167:
5061:
5060:
5005:
5004:
4993:
4942:Independent Gozo
4910:Invasion of Gozo
4905:Hospitaller rule
4797:
4790:
4783:
4774:
4773:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4752:. 30 August 2015
4742:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4716:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4675:on 28 March 2007
4665:
4659:
4658:., at pp. 195–6.
4644:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4624:. Archived from
4618:
4612:
4605:
4599:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4568:. Archived from
4557:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4533:"AccountSupport"
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4508:"AccountSupport"
4504:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4456:. Archived from
4446:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4396:. Archived from
4386:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4370:on 16 April 2007
4366:. Archived from
4360:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4334:
4328:
4311:
4305:
4303:
4297:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4276:. Archived from
4270:
4264:
4263:
4243:
4237:
4230:
4224:
4217:
4211:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4177:
4171:
4164:
4158:
4151:
4145:
4142:Melita Historica
4138:
4132:
4118:
4112:
4099:
4093:
4086:
4077:
4074:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4053:. Archived from
4051:"Heritage Malta"
4047:
4041:
4038:
4032:
4021:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4004:on 14 April 2010
4000:. Archived from
3994:
3985:
3978:
3972:
3961:
3955:
3948:
3942:
3935:
3929:
3922:
3916:
3915:, 5 August 2007.
3907:
3898:
3881:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3858:. Archived from
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3823:
3817:
3810:
3804:
3797:
3791:
3781:
3775:
3768:
3762:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3725:
3688:Maltese language
3668:History of Malta
3620:Knights of Malta
3432:National Stadium
3379:Great Exhibition
3290:Maltese folklore
3237:(1698–1752) and
3229:(1632–1705) and
3039:Popular Maltese
2999:Juventutis Domus
2991:Salesian Theatre
2955:: Housed in the
2939:Knights of Malta
2935:Sacra Infermeria
2856:Trezza Azzopardi
2789:Oliver Friggieri
2717:Oliver Friggieri
2651:I promessi sposi
2526:Żwieġ la Maltija
2229:, also found in
2223:altered letters
2215:is based on the
2213:Maltese alphabet
2205:Semitic language
2195:Maltese language
1874:, leader of the
1826:Benito Mussolini
1719:Dun Mikiel Xerri
1667:Knights of Malta
1642:Giuseppe Mazzini
1634:Francesco Crispi
1630:Bourbon monarchs
1519:Sacra Infermeria
1514:Sacra Infermeria
1235:bishops of Malta
1223:Charles of Anjou
1208:Knights of Malta
1012:Roman municipium
931:(Meyer's Well),
820:Knights of Malta
711:Maltese language
699:Arabic influence
553:animal sacrifice
530:Għar Dalam phase
512:(4th mi-3200 BC)
489:History of Malta
461:culture of Malta
449:
442:
435:
421:Malta portal
419:
418:
417:
207:Independent Gozo
175:Invasion of Gozo
170:Hospitaller rule
70:
61:Culture of Malta
49:
48:
5874:
5873:
5869:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5863:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5837:
5821:
5779:
5773:
5759:Northern Cyprus
5741:
5735:
5629:North Macedonia
5450:
5445:
5415:
5410:
5397:
5390:
5383:
5370:
5356:Public holidays
5275:
5214:
5153:
5046:
4994:
4985:
4898:Hafsid invasion
4893:Battle of Malta
4888:Norman invasion
4810:
4801:
4771:
4766:
4765:
4755:
4753:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4729:
4727:
4717:
4713:
4703:
4701:
4693:
4692:
4688:
4678:
4676:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4645:
4641:
4631:
4629:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4606:
4602:
4589:
4585:
4575:
4573:
4558:
4551:
4541:
4539:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4516:
4514:
4506:
4505:
4498:
4488:
4486:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4463:
4461:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4433:
4431:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4403:
4401:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4373:
4371:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4347:
4345:
4344:. 15 April 1942
4336:
4335:
4331:
4325:Wayback Machine
4312:
4308:
4291:
4290:
4283:
4281:
4274:"Archived copy"
4272:
4271:
4267:
4260:
4244:
4240:
4231:
4227:
4218:
4214:
4206:Agius, Albert,
4205:
4201:
4194:
4178:
4174:
4165:
4161:
4152:
4148:
4139:
4135:
4129:Wayback Machine
4120:Hecht, Esther:
4119:
4115:
4110:Wayback Machine
4100:
4096:
4087:
4080:
4075:
4071:
4060:
4058:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4039:
4035:
4023:E. Winklemann,
4022:
4018:
4007:
4005:
3996:
3995:
3988:
3979:
3975:
3970:Wayback Machine
3962:
3958:
3949:
3945:
3936:
3932:
3923:
3919:
3908:
3901:
3892:Wayback Machine
3882:
3875:
3865:
3863:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3835:
3833:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3811:
3807:
3798:
3794:
3782:
3778:
3769:
3765:
3760:Wayback Machine
3751:
3747:
3737:
3735:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3653:
3644:
3601:
3584:
3566:
3555:
3547:Euro 2020 final
3509:
3503:
3454:, a mechanized
3428:sports in Malta
3424:
3388:
3311:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3278:Venice Biennale
3239:Francesco Zahra
3212:Melchiorre Gafà
3130:Southern Gothic
3076:
3037:
3032:
2933:: Built as the
2896:
2884:
2876:Main articles:
2874:
2869:
2867:Performing arts
2861:Saviour Pirotta
2852:
2819:Dun Karm Psaila
2809:Doreen Micallef
2749:Anton Buttigieg
2739:Lina Brockdorff
2734:Clare Azzopardi
2727:Anton Buttigieg
2710:
2708:Maltese writers
2660:
2534:A child of the
2456:
2451:
2430:
2401:army barracks.
2376:
2368:Main articles:
2355:
2340:, Valletta and
2280:
2271:Italian culture
2263:
2257:
2219:, but uses the
2197:
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2070:Main articles:
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1617:Italian culture
1559:"ross fil-forn"
1527:
1509:Nicolás Cotoner
1429:
1423:
1403:, with Semitic
1330:Crown of Aragon
1318:
1255:
1221:, except under
1091:
1085:
1014:
1009:
957:Nicolas Cotoner
949:
947:Slaves in Malta
883:Alhambra Decree
812:
806:
804:Jewish presence
663:
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465:Maltese Islands
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401:National anthem
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163:Hafsid invasion
158:Battle of Malta
153:Norman invasion
82:
81:
12:
11:
5:
5872:
5862:
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5833:European Union
5829:
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5826:Other entities
5823:
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5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5783:
5781:
5780:other entities
5775:
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5771:
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5704:United Kingdom
5701:
5696:
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5517:Czech Republic
5514:
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5190:Stock exchange
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5149:Chief of Staff
5146:
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5137:Prime Minister
5134:
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5119:
5117:Local councils
5114:
5109:
5107:Heads of state
5104:
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5097:
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5082:
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5022:Fortifications
5019:
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4988:
4986:
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4981:State of Malta
4978:
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4954:British Colony
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4902:
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4895:
4890:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4873:
4863:
4861:Byzantine rule
4858:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4844:Roman Republic
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4820:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4800:
4799:
4792:
4785:
4777:
4770:
4769:External links
4767:
4764:
4763:
4750:Times of Malta
4737:
4711:
4686:
4660:
4639:
4613:
4600:
4583:
4549:
4537:Aboutmalta.com
4524:
4512:Aboutmalta.com
4496:
4471:
4441:
4411:
4400:on 8 July 2012
4381:
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4067:Heritage Malta
4042:
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4016:
3986:
3973:
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3899:
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3792:
3783:Daniel Cilia,
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3745:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3703:Music of Malta
3700:
3698:Maltese people
3695:
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3680:
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3562:
3554:
3551:
3505:Main article:
3502:
3499:
3456:shooting range
3423:
3420:
3418:and dolphins.
3387:
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3360:Queen Victoria
3307:Main article:
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3288:Main article:
3285:
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3249:Neo-classicism
3192:Stefano Erardi
3075:
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3016:
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2903:Manoel Theatre
2895:
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2878:Music of Malta
2873:
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2447:Main article:
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2361:A traditional
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2353:Transportation
2351:
2344:, Paceville),
2279:
2276:
2259:Main article:
2256:
2253:
2217:Latin alphabet
2209:European Union
2193:Main article:
2190:
2187:
2179:World Factbook
2170:state religion
2158:Main article:
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2152:
2132:Main article:
2129:
2126:
2095:Ionian Islands
2093:, Cyprus, the
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
1916:Manoel Theatre
1891:
1888:
1853:William Dobbie
1821:
1818:
1741:Main article:
1738:
1735:
1652:Main article:
1649:
1646:
1622:intelligentsia
1613:British period
1582:nursery rhymes
1526:
1523:
1425:Main article:
1422:
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1335:Spanish guitar
1317:
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1254:
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1073:Constantinople
1049:Roman Republic
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808:Main article:
805:
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703:Southern Italy
661:Islam in Malta
659:Main article:
656:
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622:Pierre Zalloua
601:
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526:fertility cult
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5764:South Ossetia
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5307:
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4232:A. Luttrell,
4229:
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4195:
4193:9780521086912
4189:
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3896:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3885:Perspective,"
3880:
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3628:
3625:
3624:Grand Masters
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3608:Saqqajja Hill
3605:
3596:
3594:
3593:IXth Olympiad
3589:
3579:
3577:
3576:
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3560:
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3535:national team
3532:
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3524:
3517:
3513:
3508:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3471:
3470:and Karwija.
3469:
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3416:Maltese Cross
3413:
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3405:
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3335:Maltese cross
3332:
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3327:filet-guipure
3324:
3320:
3316:
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3262:Giuseppe Calì
3259:
3255:
3250:
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3227:Luca Giordano
3224:
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3005:Astra Theatre
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2764:Pietru Caxaro
2762:
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2759:Charles Casha
2757:
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2754:Ray Buttigieg
2752:
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2605:
2603:
2600:(The Turkish
2598:
2597:Il-Ġifen Tork
2594:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2492:Lord's Prayer
2489:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2470:Xidew il-Qada
2467:
2466:
2461:
2460:Pietru Caxaro
2450:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2414:Grand Harbour
2411:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2387:Maltese buses
2383:
2381:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2359:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2288:
2284:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2221:diacritically
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2174:Freedom House
2171:
2167:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2148:British Model
2145:
2141:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2050:
2045:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1861:flag of Malta
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1744:
1737:British Malta
1734:
1732:
1731:Grand Harbour
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1663:Grand Masters
1660:
1655:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1606:"is-sepulkri"
1603:
1599:
1598:"il-presepju"
1595:
1591:
1588:, especially
1587:
1583:
1579:
1578:superstitions
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1545:local cuisine
1541:
1537:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1479:Grand Harbour
1472:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1282:Siculo-Norman
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1145:Apostolic See
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1118:"il-parroċċa"
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1067:, but Punic.
1066:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1004:
1000:
998:
992:
990:
986:
980:
978:
974:
970:
965:
958:
953:
944:
942:
938:
934:
933:Ġnien il-Lhud
930:
925:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
881:
877:
875:
871:
866:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
823:
821:
817:
811:
801:
799:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
771:
769:
765:
761:
753:
749:
748:Majmuna Stone
744:
740:
738:
737:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
715:Siculo-Arabic
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
671:crop rotation
668:
662:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
627:
623:
619:
618:Spencer Wells
615:
611:
607:
592:
590:
586:
581:
579:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
511:
506:
496:
490:
480:
478:
474:
470:
469:Mediterranean
466:
462:
450:
445:
443:
438:
436:
431:
430:
428:
427:
422:
412:
411:
410:
409:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
384:
378:
377:
370:
367:
366:
358:
357:
354:
351:
350:
343:
340:
338:
335:
334:
330:
324:
323:
320:
317:
316:
313:
310:
309:
306:
303:
302:
299:
296:
295:
292:
289:
288:
285:
282:
281:
278:
274:
271:
270:
267:
264:
263:
260:
257:
256:
247:
244:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
220:
217:
215:
212:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
194:
193:
190:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
172:
171:
168:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
149:
146:
142:
139:
137:
134:
133:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
115:
112:
111:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
86:
80:
74:
73:
69:
65:
64:
60:
59:
55:
51:
50:
45:
41:
36:
29:
25:
22:Fireworks in
20:
16:
5769:Transnistria
5731:Vatican City
5603:
5304:Coat of arms
5289:Architecture
5280:
5236:Demographics
5205:Trade unions
5175:Central Bank
5080:Constitution
5068:Armed Forces
4969:World War II
4856:Roman Empire
4754:. Retrieved
4749:
4740:
4728:. Retrieved
4724:
4714:
4702:. Retrieved
4699:airmalta.com
4698:
4689:
4677:. Retrieved
4673:the original
4663:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4642:
4630:. Retrieved
4626:the original
4616:
4608:
4603:
4595:
4591:
4586:
4574:. Retrieved
4570:the original
4565:
4540:. Retrieved
4536:
4527:
4515:. Retrieved
4511:
4487:. Retrieved
4483:
4474:
4462:. Retrieved
4458:the original
4453:
4444:
4432:. Retrieved
4428:the original
4423:
4414:
4402:. Retrieved
4398:the original
4393:
4384:
4372:. Retrieved
4368:the original
4358:
4346:. Retrieved
4341:
4332:
4315:
4309:
4282:. Retrieved
4278:the original
4268:
4248:
4241:
4233:
4228:
4220:
4219:G.F. Abela,
4215:
4207:
4202:
4182:
4175:
4167:
4162:
4154:
4149:
4141:
4136:
4116:
4097:
4072:
4059:. Retrieved
4055:the original
4045:
4036:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4006:. Retrieved
4002:the original
3981:
3976:
3959:
3951:
3950:G. Finotti,
3946:
3938:
3933:
3925:
3920:
3912:
3894:
3864:. Retrieved
3860:the original
3855:
3846:
3834:. Retrieved
3830:
3821:
3813:
3808:
3800:
3795:
3786:
3779:
3771:
3766:
3748:
3736:. Retrieved
3732:
3723:
3645:
3615:
3604:Horse racing
3602:
3599:Horse racing
3586:Passion for
3585:
3574:
3573:
3567:
3556:
3520:
3478:
3472:
3425:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3391:
3389:
3375:Maltese lace
3373:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3350:Grand Master
3343:
3318:
3312:
3309:Maltese lace
3266:
3256:of artists.
3247:
3216:
3204:Mattia Preti
3175:
3171:
3165:
3142:
3106:
3094:
3082:
3038:
3035:Online Video
3018:
3004:
2998:
2990:
2974:
2962:
2956:
2948:
2934:
2926:
2914:
2907:
2844:Trevor Żahra
2834:Frans Sammut
2784:Henry Frendo
2774:Lou Drofenik
2769:Ninu Cremona
2744:Rużar Briffa
2701:
2697:
2661:
2649:
2642:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2599:
2596:
2595:in Maltese,
2590:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2558:
2554:Bastille Day
2549:
2546:
2544:
2533:
2528:
2525:
2513:
2510:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2469:
2465:Il-Kantilena
2463:
2457:
2442:Frans Sammut
2437:
2403:
2384:
2377:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2321:
2317:
2315:
2307:St. Julian's
2299:pub-crawling
2298:
2294:
2292:
2264:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2224:
2198:
2177:
2163:
2137:
2115:
2107:
2087:Tripolitania
2079:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1924:plum pudding
1893:
1872:Enrico Mizzi
1865:
1845:George Cross
1834:World War II
1823:
1800:
1776:Neoclassical
1773:
1761:
1752:
1748:British rule
1746:
1723:Two Sicilies
1711:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1657:
1626:risorgimento
1610:
1605:
1597:
1575:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1548:
1528:
1518:
1512:
1505:Grand Master
1500:
1497:Clement VIII
1486:
1484:
1476:
1469:The city of
1447:
1445:
1430:
1410:Il-Kantilena
1408:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1355:
1342:
1338:
1327:
1307:
1303:
1300:Gatto Murina
1299:
1293:
1279:
1264:
1239:
1216:
1199:
1197:
1158:
1142:
1136:(especially
1125:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1070:
1054:
1051:in 218 BCE:
1042:
1038:Testaferrata
1030:Christianity
1015:
1002:
994:
988:
981:
961:
936:
932:
928:
926:
922:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
886:
867:
863:Frederick II
842:
824:
813:
795:
778:
772:
767:
757:
734:
731:
686:
664:
631:
603:
582:
574:
550:
520:from nearby
515:
477:independence
460:
458:
396:Coat of arms
234:World War II
121:Roman Empire
15:
5807:Isle of Man
5742:recognition
5689:Switzerland
5624:Netherlands
5256:Immigration
5112:LGBT rights
4915:Great Siege
4866:Arab Period
4834:Phoenicians
4609:Pillow Lace
4284:20 February
4061:20 February
4008:20 February
3627:de Verdalle
3491:Pantelleria
3446:grounds at
3331:lace pillow
3323:bobbin lace
3295:Lace making
3258:Romanticism
3159:and in the
3138:Renaissance
3074:Visual arts
2829:Alfred Sant
2804:Mary Meilak
2643:Ineż Farruġ
2627:, in 1862.
2586:(A Sonnett)
2536:Romanticism
2289:main square
2207:within the
2089:, Tunisia,
1904:rule of law
1857:great siege
1727:Lord Nelson
1602:Good Friday
1452:Renaissance
1295:Santa Sofia
1267:Norman rule
1253:The Normans
1240:During the
1083:Catholicism
894:conversions
691:Phoenicians
606:Phoenicians
600:Phoenicians
580:are today.
180:Great Siege
131:Arab Period
99:Phoenicians
5848:Categories
5659:San Marino
5619:Montenegro
5599:Luxembourg
5579:Kazakhstan
5482:Azerbaijan
5351:Philosophy
5336:Literature
5251:Healthcare
5246:Emigration
5122:Parliament
5037:Localities
3924:E. Magri,
3715:References
3452:Marsascala
3412:karrozzini
3317:(Maltese:
3219:Neapolitan
3176:St. Jerome
3168:Caravaggio
3126:Romanesque
3068:grande1899
3052:note block
2824:Frans Said
2794:Ġużè Galea
2639:Neapolitan
2591:The first
2563:text, the
2428:Literature
2410:Marsamxett
2330:Vittoriosa
2316:Laid back
2122:Luxembourg
2118:expatriate
2097:, Greece,
2065:Leeuwarden
2020:Warrington
2004:Strickland
1968:Harmsworth
1908:common law
1802:Neo-Gothic
1756:Suez Canal
1707:Civil Code
1695:Fraternité
1604:(Maltese:
1596:(Maltese:
1590:St. Agatha
1549:"kapunata"
1448:Golden Age
1362:Università
1337:(Maltese:
1312:families.
1290:Vittoriosa
1280:Traces of
1099:Via Crucis
1022:municipium
985:Inquisitor
557:Bronze Age
538:megalithic
493:See also:
337:Television
312:Literature
5797:Gibraltar
5594:Lithuania
5261:Languages
5241:Education
5210:Transport
5132:President
5085:Elections
5073:Commander
5000:Geography
4679:20 August
4632:6 January
4576:20 August
4542:20 August
4517:20 August
4489:20 August
4464:20 August
4434:20 August
4404:20 August
3866:20 August
3836:20 August
3738:20 August
3642:Il-Gostra
3588:waterpolo
3582:Waterpolo
3495:Lampedusa
3468:Cottonera
3466:, and in
3448:Tal-Qroqq
3400:ganutilja
3392:filugranu
3149:Mannerist
3118:Byzantine
3114:catacombs
3056:Instagram
2959:, c. 1592
2664:diglossia
2658:Diglossia
2647:Manzoni's
2637:, by the
2593:epic poem
2522:burlesque
2509:entitled
2507:catechism
2462:'s poem,
2374:Malta bus
2363:Malta bus
2318:wine bars
2303:Paceville
2287:Paceville
2189:Languages
2128:Education
2103:Lampedusa
2024:Kingswell
1948:Crockford
1912:pantomime
1830:Luftwaffe
1725:, and to
1683:Bonaparte
1405:morphemes
1343:gallerija
1161:catacombs
1134:fireworks
989:(iuniore)
929:Bir Meyru
918:Azzopardi
851:catacombs
707:Aghlabids
645:Bethlehem
534:Agrigento
479:in 1964.
362:Monuments
291:Festivals
273:Mythology
266:Languages
44:accordion
5817:Svalbard
5802:Guernsey
5749:Abkhazia
5719:Scotland
5674:Slovenia
5669:Slovakia
5644:Portugal
5502:Bulgaria
5401:Category
5331:Folklore
5294:Carnival
5271:Religion
5195:Taxation
5180:Currency
5056:Politics
4937:Blockade
4932:Invasion
4849:Invasion
4824:Timeline
4808:articles
4756:28 April
4730:28 April
4704:28 April
4592:Bizzilla
4454:Umsl.edu
4394:Help.com
4342:BBC News
4321:Archived
4294:cite web
4125:Archived
4106:Archived
3966:Archived
3939:Il-Malti
3888:Archived
3756:Archived
3651:See also
3523:football
3501:Football
3436:Ta' Qali
3408:dgħajjes
3386:Filigree
3366:, that:
3319:bizzilla
3270:Valletta
3208:Valletta
3188:Valletta
3122:medieval
3102:Valletta
3098:Hypogeum
3044:Grandayy
3041:YouTuber
3023:Victoria
3009:Victoria
2981:Valletta
2969:Valletta
2953:Valletta
2931:Valletta
2921:Valletta
2689:Sicilian
2561:biblical
2518:Carnival
2406:Ċirkewwa
2397:and the
2395:Valletta
2385:The old
2346:gay bars
2326:Valletta
2322:kantinas
2295:Clubbing
2176:and the
2154:Religion
2111:littoral
2016:Wallbank
2008:St. John
1996:Sixsmith
1980:Mattocks
1964:Hamilton
1896:military
1814:Brighton
1703:Valletta
1679:l'Orient
1675:"bonswa"
1554:arancini
1471:Valletta
1460:Valletta
1437:corsairs
1369:Inguanez
1351:mantilla
1347:Faldetta
1304:Inguanez
1271:Sicilian
1204:St. Paul
1193:medieval
1185:St. Luke
1181:Mellieħa
1153:St. Paul
1026:St. Paul
997:Valletta
977:Africans
937:Ħal Muxi
906:Salamone
847:menorahs
835:Ġgantija
798:Saracens
785:area of
779:My-moona
641:Aramaean
633:Algerian
610:Carthage
561:cremated
548:design.
298:Religion
277:folklore
202:Blockade
197:Invasion
114:Invasion
89:Timeline
54:a series
52:Part of
5709:England
5699:Ukraine
5649:Romania
5609:Moldova
5567:Ireland
5562:Iceland
5557:Hungary
5547:Germany
5542:Georgia
5532:Finland
5527:Estonia
5522:Denmark
5507:Croatia
5492:Belgium
5487:Belarus
5477:Austria
5472:Armenia
5467:Andorra
5462:Albania
5385:Outline
5314:Cuisine
5281:Culture
5224:Society
5163:Economy
5032:Islands
5027:Geology
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4816:History
4304:Archive
3539:England
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3460:Bidnija
3396:Knights
3325:of the
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2894:Theatre
2693:Romance
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1992:Sladden
1988:O'Neill
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1932:cassata
1928:rooster
1914:at the
1832:during
1810:Regency
1691:Egalite
1687:Liberté
1671:"bonġu"
1665:of the
1570:kannoli
1564:cassata
1511:at the
1456:Baroque
1433:Knights
1415:Maltese
1377:Aragona
1373:Alagona
1288:and in
1195:times.
1189:Madonna
1138:petards
1101:of the
890:Palermo
870:ghettos
827:Zebulon
783:Xewkija
775:Saracen
719:Palermo
705:by the
689:by the
624:of the
565:dolmens
546:trefoil
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383:Symbols
284:Cuisine
79:History
5812:Jersey
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4964:Exiles
4806:
4611:(1907)
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4318:(2001)
4256:
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2309:, and
2231:Polish
2211:. The
2140:Church
2099:Sicily
2012:Turner
1944:Atkins
1920:turkey
1884:Uganda
1878:, and
1806:Sliema
1648:France
1586:saints
1531:Sicily
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1126:festas
1018:Sicily
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859:Vizier
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723:Sicily
687:Maleth
679:Sicily
522:Sicily
518:Sicani
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1177:Turks
1173:Mdina
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1120:, or
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969:Moors
941:Malta
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874:Mdina
855:Malta
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675:Malta
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614:Punic
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4758:2023
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4350:2007
4300:link
4286:2009
4254:ISBN
4188:ISBN
4063:2009
4010:2009
3868:2017
3838:2017
3740:2017
3553:Golf
3541:and
3529:and
3493:and
3464:Gozo
3315:lace
3221:and
3128:and
3050:and
3027:Gozo
3013:Gozo
2949:MITP
2880:and
2613:and
2581:and
2422:Luqa
2408:and
2372:and
2328:and
2297:and
2269:and
2245:and
2144:Gozo
2101:and
2074:and
2026:and
1960:Hall
1930:and
1922:and
1786:and
1594:crib
1567:and
1507:Fra
1454:and
1391:and
1306:and
1229:and
1111:Gozo
1063:nor
910:Mamo
849:the
829:and
787:Gozo
750:, a
746:The
677:and
637:Aram
620:and
604:The
459:The
391:Flag
275:and
4484:ITU
3458:at
3182:of
2440:by
2420:at
1838:Ita
1782:in
1167:in
1105:in
853:in
305:Art
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