Light infantry - Knowledge

87: 2234: 3435:. A TOC is a unit that commands up to 3 battalions. Essentially, LIDs are made up of 3 TOC and 1 battalion under HQ as reserve whereas MOCs are made up of 2 TOC (Motorised) and 1 TOC (Mechanised) with an IB (Motorised) under HQ as reserve. As for the command structure, LIDs are directly answerable to the Commander in Chief of Army whereas MOCs are subordinate to their respective Regional Military Command. As for unit patches, LIDs have their own division patches where MOCs do not have distinctive patches and wear RMC's patch instead. LIDs in Burmese are called ခြေမြန်တပ်မဌာနချုပ် (တမခ) whereas MOCs are called စစ်ဆင်ရေးကွပ်ကဲမှုဌာနချုပ် (စကခ). Both Light Infantry Divisions and MOCs are have an officer ranked 2899: 2790: 3964: 2390: 3675: 40: 3578: 2361: 2120: 3328:

with caliver muskets while still using little to no armour. They were notably effective while employed in tandem with heavily armed "Galloglaich" or anglicised Gallowglass. They could provide effective support to heavily armed troops as well as endlessly harassing enemies in difficult terrain. Today, all infantry battalions of the Irish Army are light infantry soldiers.

4042:, rifles had become universal and tactics had substantially changed. This meant that the distinctions between light and line infantry were effectively limited to details such as name, a rapid march of 140 steps per minute, buglers instead of drummers and fifers, a parade drill which involved carrying rifles parallel to the ground ("at the trail") and dark green 2404:, units lacking heavy weapons and armor or with a reduced vehicle footprint. Light infantry units lack the greater firepower, operational mobility and protection of mechanized or armored units, but possess greater tactical mobility and the ability to execute missions in severely restrictive terrain and in areas where weather makes vehicular mobility difficult. 2970:) were penal battalions forming part of the French forces serving in North Africa. These units were recruited mainly from convicted military criminals from all branches of the French Army, who had finished their sentences in military prisons but still had time to serve before their engagement periods were finished. 3431:. While not that obvious, one of the main difference in term of organisational structure is that LIDs' 10 battalions are all Light Infantry whereas for MOC, it's 7 Infantry Battalions (Motorised) and 3 Infantry Battalions (Mechanised). Both have an intermediate layer between the Battalions and Division HQ called 3389:

comprises three regiments. The First is an amphibious assault unit, the Second carries out force protection, boarding and search and seizure procedures on ships and the Third is a training unit. Given that it has almost only light vehicles (the heaviest being the amphibious Arisgator and AAV7 landing

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The Irish famously employed "Cethernacht" or Kern as light infantry. These usually made up the bulk of Gaelic and even later Anglo Norman Irish armies during the Middle Ages to renaissance era's. Traditionally armed with javelins and swords while wearing no armour, in later periods they were equipped

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was originally an Italian Army mechanised brigade. In 2000 it converted to a fully airmobile role and is part of the "Friuli" Division. It is composed of three light aviation regiments and one infantry regiment—66th Reggimento Fanteria Aeromobile "Trieste"—the only regiment in the Italian Army to be

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There are three light infantry brigades, (4ª Brigada de Infantaria Leve de Montanha, 11ª Brigada de Infantaria Leve and 12ª Brigada de Infantaria Leve Aeromóvel), and an airborne infantry brigade (Brigada de Infantaria Paraquedista). The 12º Light Infantry Brigade and the Airborne Infantry Brigade

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As of current, it's reported that Myanmar Army has total of 10 units designated as a "Light Infantry Division" and 20 units designated as "Military Operation Command". Two units are mostly similar in term of organisational structure. One of the main differences is that LIDs are mostly numbered in

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Of the 28 infantry regiments of the modern Indian Army, the following ten are designated as "Rifles". They are distinguished by their black rank badges, black buttons on their service and ceremonial uniforms and a beret in a darker shade of green than other regiments. Two paramilitary forces—the

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Light infantry forces typically rely on their ability to operate under restrictive conditions, surprise, violence of action, training, stealth, field craft, and fitness levels of the individual soldiers to compensate for their reduced lethality. Despite the usage of the term "light", forces in a

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regiments from the middle of the 18th century, who originally served as irregular militia skirmishers recruited from frontier areas. They were gradually absorbed into the line infantry becoming a hybrid type that proved successful against the French, to the extent that Napoleon recruited several

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By the late 19th century, the concept of fighting in formation was on the wane due to advancements in weaponry and the distinctions between light and heavy infantry began to disappear. Essentially, all infantry became light infantry in operational practice. Some regiments retained the name and

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are the Italian Army's elite mountain troops, founded in 1875. Although they may not seem a true "light infantry" unit, (they were assigned their own artillery, carried double load of everything, and had a slower marching pace of 45 steps per minute), the Alpini were trained as jagers and

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within a 48-hour period to execute combat operations. On 30 September 1985, the 29th Infantry Division (Maryland and Virginia Army National Guard) was reactivated at Fort Belvoir, Virginia as the only light Infantry Division in the US Army's reserve components.

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men with high shooting ability and capability of using initiative. They did not usually fight in disciplined ranks as did the ordinary infantry but often in widely dispersed groups, necessitating an understanding of skirmish warfare. They were expected to avoid

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units were disbanded by the Army reorganization of 1911, but were recreated in 1926 as high readiness units, responsible for defending the border and other strategic points of the Country until the line units could be mobilized. In the 1950s, the designation

2086:. These are loose formations that fight ahead of the main army to harass, delay, disrupt supply lines, engage the enemy's own skirmishing forces, and generally "soften up" an enemy before the main battle. Light infantrymen were also often responsible for 3803:. Today, the Portuguese Army uses the designation "light infantry" as a generic collective classification of the Paratroopers, Commandos and Special Operations troops, while the remaining infantry is classified as "motorized/mechanized infantry". 3995:), though most if not all had been disbanded by the middle of the 1760s. From 1770, all regular battalions were required to designate one of their ten companies a "Light Company", though their training in skirmishing was poor and inconsistent. 2647:) maintains their third battalion as light infantry capable in airborne, mountain, and amphibious operations, with varying degrees of capability. All reserve infantry units are classed as light infantry, all with varying degrees of capability. 2376:

On the eve of World War I, the British Army included seven light infantry regiments. These differed from other infantry only in maintaining such traditional distinctions as badges that included a bugle-horn, dark green home service helmets for

2161:. As with the so-called "light infantry" of later periods, the term more adequately describes the role of such infantry rather than the actual weight of their equipment. Peltast equipment, for example, grew steadily heavier at the same time as 3013:) were light infantry who formed a shallow line ahead of the line of battle during the Revolutionary/Napoleonic Wars and subsequently. The name was also used for the locally recruited colonial troops in the French Empire between 1841 and 1962. 2416:

are categorized as Air Assault Infantry and Airborne Infantry respectively, they fall under the overall concept of light infantry. They are typically infantry intended for difficult terrain such as mountains or arctic conditions (US Marines)

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In the 1980s, the United States Army increased light forces to address contingencies and increased threats requiring a more deployable force able to operate in restrictive environments for limited periods. At its height, this included the

3874:. These units were incorporated into the ordinary infantry following army reorganization in the early 1930s. Until 2006 the modern Spanish Army maintained a Brigada de Cazadores de Montaña "Aragón I" (Mountain Huntsmen Brigade "Aragón I") 2229:

of the United States adopted the British Army practice of seasonally drafting light infantry regiments as temporary units during active field operations, by combining existing light infantry companies detached from their parent regiments.

2521:" across the Falklands, in which Royal Marines and Paras yomped (and tabbed) with their equipment across the islands, covering 56 miles (90 km) in three days carrying 80-pound (36 kg) loads after disembarking from ships at 2984:

battalions and regiments were colonial troops, formed originally by Algerians, then by European settlers and colonists. The first Zouave battalion was created in 1831 and changed its recruiting to Europeans in 1841. During the

4088:(the largest infantry regiment in the British Army) was formed in 2007 from the amalgamation of the regiments of the Light Division. The Rifles maintain the traditional quick parade march of all British light infantry, the 2181:

to perform the duties of light infantry skirmishers. In particular, the French Army employed detachments of German and Balkan mercenaries to serve as patrols in the rough country until a permanent corps of Mountain

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Beattie, Daniel J. (1986). "The Adaptation of the British Army to Wilderness Warfare, 1755–1763", Adapting to Conditions: War and Society in the Eighteenth Century, ed. Maarten Ultee (University of Alabama Press),

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units) that emphasized speed and mobility over armor and firepower. Some units or battalions that historically held a skirmishing role have kept their designation "light infantry" for the sake of tradition.

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units of Austrian army Grenzer to his own army after victory over Austria in 1809 compelled the Austrians to cede territories from which they were traditionally recruited. In Portugal, 1797, companies of

2302:(Hunters) were created in the Portuguese Army, and in 1808 led to the formation of independent "Caçador" battalions that became known for their ability to perform precision shooting at long distances. 2408:

light unit will normally carry heavier individual loads vis-à-vis other forces; they must carry everything they require to fight, survive and win due to lack of vehicles. Although units like the

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Parachute Brigade, created in 1963, is the only airborne unit in the Italian Army. Apart from one light cavalry regiment, it comprises three airborne infantry and two special force regiments.

3413:" criminal organisation, who are numerous and typically armed with military-grade weapons acquired on the black market, and operate deep within the mountainous region of the Aspromonte. The 4280:

In 2022 The US Army reactivated the 11th Airborne Division by reflagging two infantry brigades from the 25th Infantry division. Its mission is to conduct infantry operations in the Arctic.

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Today, "Light role infantry" is a designation that can be applied to an infantry battalion of any regiment. Light role infantry are not (by default) equipped with armoured vehicles (unlike

2517:, operations on the ground were only made possible with the use of light infantry because the use of mechanized infantry or armour was severely limited by of the terrain, leading to the " 3125:

Although the traditions of these different branches of the French Army are very different, there is still a tendency to confuse one with the other. For example, when World War I veteran

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with blackened buttons and black leather belts, and many other traditions and "golden threads" of its parent regiments. The only rifle regiment not to become part of the Rifles was the

2929:, the main light infantry unit in the French Army. The number of battalions grew up steadily through the century. The current Chasseurs battalions drew their lineage form this unit. 3390:

vehicles) and is tasked to operate in harsh terrain (shore lines, lagoons, deserts, mountains, jungles), it is one of the purest "light infantry" units in the Italian Armed Forces.

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During the 1990s, the concept of purely light forces in the US military came under scrutiny due to their decreased lethality and survivability. This scrutiny has resulted in the

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Chet, Guy. "The Literary and Military Career of Benjamin Church: Change or Continuity in Early American Warfare", Historical Journal of Massachusetts 35:2 (Summer 2007): 105–112

4061:. Because of the nature of their role and deployment, they were more lightly equipped than most infantry battalions. The Parachute Regiment has survived to this day, while the 3358:

skirmishers, introducing the use of skis and climbing training for all of their recruits. Those two corps still exist today, but in recent years the Bersaglieri have become a

4024:. Some extant regiments began to be designated "Light Infantry" at this point, receiving skirmishing training but generally still equipped with red coats and muskets. In the 3858:. They were mostly united with line infantry regiments in 1833, when almost all Russian infantry began to receive the same training; including skirmishing. At the same time 4104:. Following a series of amalgamations and one disbandment, none of the historic Light Infantry regiments now survive as separate entities within the modern British Army. 2627:

both belong to the Força de Ação Rápida Estratégica (Quick Strategic Action Force), which is composed of units capable of rapidly engaging in combat anywhere in Brazil.

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equipment grew lighter. It was the fact that peltasts fought in open order as skirmishers that made them light infantry and that hoplites fought in the battle line in a

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unit, working closely with armoured units, and up until the mid-1990s had their own tank and artillery units. Other units that can be classified as light infantry are:

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Most of the old light infantry and rifle regiments were administratively grouped in a new Light Division in 1968. The British Army ordered regimental amalgamations in

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During the Civil War, Sharpshooter regiments were raised in the North with several companies being raised by individual states for their own regiments.

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Chet, Guy (2003). Conquering the American Wilderness: The Triumph of European Warfare in the Colonial Northeast. University of Massachusetts Press.

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in 1982, both Argentina and the United Kingdom made heavy use of light infantry and its doctrines during the campaign, most notably the Argentine

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started to be also given to the expeditionary provisional light infantry battalions and independent companies responsible for reinforcing the

3589:, guards regiment, an amalgamation of the Garderegiment Grenadiers and the Garderegiment Jagers. Consists of one air mobile infantry battalion 3924: 2997:

these newly organized skirmishers operated as independent groups that were able to disrupt their Austrian opponents by sudden flank assaults.

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of the Peninsular War. These units were later abolished and the brown beret started to be used by most of the units of the Portuguese Army.

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with this title also existed, being recruited among both Portuguese European settlers and from indigenous populations. In the 1950s, the

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Most of these regiments lost their separate identity as a result of extensive amalgamations in 1922. The modern Indian Army retains the

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Jacques Sicard, page 46 "Les Bataillons d' Infanterie Legere d'Afrique et leurs insignes, 1832–1972", Militaria Magazine Septembre 1994

4225:, announced the creation of five light infantry divisions to increase the U.S. Army's ability to deploy quickly. These included the 3862:

battalions were introduced. These undertook light infantry functions when the skirmishing skills of line infantry were insufficient.

2960:(Forest Huntsmen) were militarized units of the Forest Service. They were organized in companies. They existed between 1875 and 1924. 3129:

died, the AFP press agency stated that he was a member of the 5th "Regiment de Chasseurs Alpins". It was in fact the 5th Bataillon.

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was created by the Carabinieri to reduce the spree of banditry (mainly kidnapping) that afflicted the innermost areas of Sardinia.

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engagements unless necessary and would fight ahead of the mainline to harass the enemy before falling back to the main position.

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In the early years of World War 2 the US military saw the need for light forces. They designated the 82nd Division as the

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was a regular regiment of the Rhodesian Army, unique in having the traditions of light infantry while serving as a modern

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Since No. (11) Light Infantry Division has already been reformed, No. (11) Military Operation Command was not formed

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The Napoleonic light infantry regiments existed until 1854, but there were very few differences between them and the

2533: 1442: 2993:(see above) in evolving light infantry tactics that went further than merely screening the main battle line. At the 2365: 4319: 3295: 3270: 3188: 1520: 2845:: three regiments (1809–1815; 1815–1815; 1815–1815). The regiments were the elite of the light infantry regiments. 4408:

Maj. R. M.Barnes, pp. 298–305 "A History of the Regiments & Uniforms of the British Army", Sphere Books 1972

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units. The Carabinieri also have some domestic law enforcement units trained as light or airmobile infantry. The

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Light infantry sometimes carried lighter muskets than ordinary infantrymen while others carried rifles and wore

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three more Rifle Regiments were raised but disbanded after the war. The Rifle Regiment was disbanded in 1821.

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were created during WW2 as highly mobile infantry. They are still deployed to war zones as light infantry and

2867:(1810–1815), then twelve new regiments (1811–1815). These regiments were expected to become Chasseurs à pieds. 3834: 3208: 3203: 3198: 2565: 2046: 1493: 3831:, or "Mountain Huntsmen" are the elite mountain units of the Romanian Army since their establishment in 1916 3732:

garrisons. These units constituted the bulk of the Portuguese forces engaged in the several theatres of the

3958: 3692:(literally "huntsmen"). Initially organized as a light company in each of the line infantry regiments, the 2522: 2353:, manoeuvre and initiative to carry out the roles of light infantry as well as those of ordinary infantry. 1983: 687: 447: 3643: 3622:, the armed forces competence center for ranger, airborne and counter-terrorist duty in the Norwegian Army 4901: 4013: 3656: 3213: 2835: 1993: 1180: 982: 853: 391: 3870:

Historically the Spanish infantry included several battalions of light infantry that were designated as

2817:). In 1803, the half-brigades were renamed regiments. These units had three battalions of three regular 3374: 3072:

were airborne infantry units formed in 1943 from Air Force infantry compagnies transferred to the Army.

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who rode into battle but dismounted to fight, giving them a mobility lacking to regular foot soldiers.

1457: 4593: 3850:, which was heavily influenced by the Prussian and Austrian military systems, included fifty Jäger or 3163:

The Indian Army of 1914 included ten regiments with "Light Infantry" in their titles. These were the:

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were redesigned as "infantry". Currently, every infantry soldier of the Portuguese Army is known as

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throughout history. They have a more mobile or fluid function than other types of infantry, such as

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regiments, so the 25 remaining light infantry regiments were transformed to line infantry in 1854.

2773:'s Free Hunter Company in 1743. Early units were often a mix of cavalry and infantry. In 1776, all 2018: 1885: 1432: 1125: 943: 791: 4542:"South African Military History Society – Journal – The Khoekhoe soldier at the Cape of Good Hope" 4213:

in 1942. In 1943, the United States formed the 10th Light Division (Alpine), re-designated as the

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instead of dark blue. Light infantry badges always incorporated bugle horns as a central feature.

4016:) was raised in 1797, and an "Experimental Corps of Riflemen" (later the 95th Rifles and then the 2770: 2345:, recruited whole regiments (or converted existing ones) of light infantry. These were considered 4896: 4259: 4210: 3855: 3792: 3733: 3696:

were later organized as independent battalions. They constituted the elite light infantry of the

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Pargellis, Stanley McCrory. "Braddock's Defeat", American Historical Review 41 (1936): 253–269.

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s Chasseur battalions were merged with volunteer battalions in new units called Light Infantry

2789: 2695:, the Finnish Army training and development centre for special forces and helicopter operations 2466: 2413: 1838: 1813: 1535: 1447: 1320: 1195: 796: 773: 219: 118: 3987:. Along with secondment of regular infantry, several specialised units were raised (including 3963: 3142: 2357:

customs, but there was in effect little difference between them and other infantry regiments.

2265: 4527: 3980: 3906: 3900: 3847: 3631: 2674: 2325:; as opposed to the heavy, straighter swords of other infantry officers. Orders were sent by 1427: 1360: 1313: 967: 930: 893: 811: 763: 647: 457: 265: 174: 3837:, or "Huntsmen", were the elite Romanian light infantry units until their disbanding in 1947 2644: 4813: 4165: 4009: 3884: 3741: 3595:, line infantry (former 2nd Infantry Regiment). Consists of one armoured infantry battalion 3038:). After World War Two, all Chasseur units were organized on the mechanized infantry model. 2692: 2478: 2396:

23rd Light Infantry Battalion (joined by a few US Marines) on joint military exercise, 2005

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The concept of a skirmishing screen is a very old one and was already well-established in

8: 4846: 4636:. Washington, DC: Center of Military History United States Army. p. 10. CMH Pub 74–1 4242: 4218: 4112: 4101: 4043: 3941: 3637: 3359: 3341: 3337: 3305: 3225: 2994: 2986: 2481:

is often cited as proof of concept. Almost 30,000 U.S. Forces, mostly light, deployed to

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Pargellis, Stanley McCrory (1933). Lord Loudoun in North America. Yale University Press.

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double digits like 11, 22, 33, 44 whereas MOCs are numbered sequelly. Both commands 10

3173: 3082:: After the independence of the countries that made up the French Colonial Empire, the 2510: 2429: 2422: 2326: 2178: 2003: 1858: 1778: 1699: 1644: 1619: 1540: 1486: 1452: 1383: 1300: 1210: 1115: 1060: 950: 915: 868: 743: 714: 667: 605: 580: 414: 228: 147: 31: 3336:

Most of the states of the Italian peninsula had their own units of skirmishers before

2937:: Some of Chasseurs à pied battalions were converted to specialized mountain units as 4673: 4609: 4599: 4571: 4507: 4473: 4448: 4423: 4389: 4364: 4129: 4108: 4054: 3765: 3729: 3436: 2393: 2166: 2039: 1948: 1895: 1798: 1788: 1783: 1753: 1736: 1731: 1704: 1649: 1350: 1340: 1335: 1325: 1245: 1235: 1230: 1205: 1175: 1065: 1035: 1030: 1020: 1015: 1005: 920: 873: 843: 682: 475: 452: 386: 4697: 3998:

Dedicated rifle and light infantry regiments began to be formed or converted in the

2008: 4850:, a treatise on light infantry tactics written by Colonel Andreas Emmerich in 1789. 4149: 4050: 3285: 3245: 2940: 2933: 2781:). In 1788, the link between infantry battalions and cavalry regiments was broken. 2514: 2226: 2195: 2013: 1978: 1910: 1803: 1741: 1634: 1562: 1555: 1412: 1345: 1295: 1285: 1160: 1080: 1040: 1025: 992: 977: 848: 833: 786: 694: 652: 595: 590: 548: 371: 348: 255: 184: 113: 96: 4180: 4133: 3999: 3737: 3697: 3682:

in the jungle of Angola, during a counter insurgency operation in the early 1960s

3598: 3398: 3280: 3275: 3265: 3260: 2574: 2450: 2389: 2350: 2270: 2102: 2097:, the term "light infantry" evolved to include rapid-deployment units (including 2079: 1823: 1808: 1726: 1682: 1624: 1280: 1275: 1165: 1155: 1070: 1045: 987: 828: 758: 748: 600: 585: 508: 480: 280: 260: 108: 43: 2798: 2777:

units were re-organized into six battalions, each linked to a cavalry regiment (

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Revised Regulations for the Army of the United States, 1861: With a Full Index

3918: 2686: 39: 4890: 4724: 4541: 4304: 4299: 4289: 4089: 4017: 3709: 3059: 2907: 2851:: a single regiment, originally the first Guard Fusilier Regiment (1809–1815) 2743: 2526: 2506: 2490: 2418: 2213:

as an integral part of its composition. Its members were often smaller, more

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Reproduction of the uniform of a private in the Korps Pandoeren (1793–1806).

2713:), a legacy of a Finnish volunteer Jäger battalion formed in Germany during 2360: 4806:

The Army's Light Infantry Divisions: an Analysis of Advocacy and Opposition

4334: 3976: 3386: 3350: 3349:, who were formed in 1836. They became some of the most iconic soldiers in 3233: 2873:: two regiments, from drafted Forest Service members (1811–1815; 1813–1815) 2810: 2436: 2338: 2094: 2032: 1958: 1938: 1933: 1828: 1773: 1407: 1402: 1225: 1140: 888: 622: 523: 320: 224: 4034: 3688: 3669: 3126: 2298: 2269:(sharpshooter) regiments in German-speaking Europe. In France, during the 4169: 4093: 4039: 4021: 3577: 3432: 3394: 3345: 3005: 2714: 2544: 2443: 2342: 2250: 2242: 1943: 1694: 1659: 1498: 1185: 1150: 863: 806: 709: 493: 214: 209: 4065:

are directly descended from those units formed in the Second World War.

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of the French army, were considered an elite. The first unit raised was

4339: 4085: 3940:, which translates to "Lightning" are the elite commandos units of the 3761: 3713: 3712:

of his army". They wore distinctive brown uniforms as an early form of

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were the short-lived (1939–1940) mountain warfare units formed in the

2369: 4780: 4752: 3428: 2921:, heir to the throne, created in 1838 a new light infantry unit, the 2855: 2738:

designation was given to certain regiments of French light infantry (

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evolved during the mid 20th century into mechanized infantry units (

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was dismissed after the war, with all regiments disbanded in 1784.

4140:. The light infantry participated in several major battles of the 4004: 3816: 3605:

militia united that served the Dutch East India Company during the

3602: 2766: 2758: 2733: 2202: 2183: 2123: 2098: 2063: 1905: 1880: 1513: 1145: 1120: 738: 293: 167: 3409:, meaning "Hawks of the Aspromonte") is tasked with opposing the " 2612:, mechanized reconnaissance battalion with electronic warfare unit 3440: 3410: 2980: 2974: 2606:

1st Regiment Jagers te Paard, mechanized reconnaissance battalion

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Despite their reduction, light forces have proven successful in

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which included a corps of light infantry, under the command of

3757: 3354: 3322: 3153: 2946: 2482: 2439: 2314: 2306: 2152: 1422: 823: 640: 376: 4696:. 82nd Airborne Division Public Affairs Office. Archived from 3937: 2322: 2318: 2310: 2219: 2119: 898: 434: 429: 3048:, mountain warfare units of the French Army created in 1888. 2705:

Finnish infantry units are also known as Jäger (Finnish pl.

2349:, since they required specialised training with emphasis on 2194:

were sometimes employed as the skirmishers of their day, as

2177:

Early regular armies of the modern era frequently relied on

4053:, the use of light infantry was revived in what became the 2757:(light infantry) were originally recruited from hunters or 2518: 194: 189: 2689:, Special Operations Airborne Infantry in the Finnish Army 4877:

Skirmishers and light infantry during the Napoleonic Wars

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wore a brown beret in the colour of the uniforms of the

3768:. At the beginning of the 1960s, Portuguese Army raised 3646:, border rangers at the border between Russia and Norway 3447:

as Division Chief of Staff (informally Division G/A/Q).

4190:

Riflemen were listed as separate to infantry up to the

4310:

Roman infantry tactics, strategy and battle formations

3659:, Territorial Defence Force 17 light infantry brigades 2671:, volunteers from Finland in Germany trained as Jägers 2551:), underlining the continued need for light infantry. 4032:

were formed, at some points incorporating Portuguese

4020:) in 1800. Both were equipped with green jackets and 3854:

regiments in its organisation by 1812, including the

2400:

Today the term "light" denotes, in the United States

4420:

From Flintlock to Rifle: Infantry Tactics, 1740–1866

4248: 3094: 2717:

to fight for the liberation of Finland from Russia.

3983:, to counter the tactics used by the French-allied 2536:, a greater focus on task organized units (such as 3752:("parachutist hunters"). Additional battalions of 2838:, many units used names linked to light infantry: 2513:. Due to the rocky and mountainous terrain of the 4123: 3686:Portuguese light infantry soldiers were known as 3240:—also follow the traditions of a rifle regiment. 2616:Regiment Carabiniers Prins Boudewijn – Grenadiers 4888: 4361:Louis XV's Army (4) Light Troops and Specialists 2950:) regiments stationed along the Alpine frontier. 2190:) was raised in the 1740s. In the 17th century, 4670:Sharpshooters of the American Civil War 1861–65 4467: 4442: 2989:of 1859, effective use was made of Zouaves and 2889:: battalion-sized corps of royalist volunteers. 2074:. Historically, light infantry often fought as 3979:first experimented with light infantry in the 3169:2nd Queen Victoria's Own Rajput Light Infantry 2237:French light infantry in the woods during the 30:For the former British infantry regiment, see 2944:in 1888, as an answer to the Italian Alpine ( 2796:from a light infantry regiment of Napoléon's 2147:times in the form, for example, of the Greek 2040: 4667: 4596:. His Life and Times. Volume One (1756–1783) 3403:Squadrone Eliportato "Cacciatori di Calabria 2859:: 16 regiments, originally two regiments of 2433:86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain) 2062:refers to certain types of lightly equipped 4565: 3415:Squadrone Eliportato Cacciatori di Sardegna 3340:. One of the few that survived it were the 2637:Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry 2381:, and a fast-stepping parade ground march. 4882:A Historical Perspective on Light Infantry 4209:and reactivated the 101st division as the 3967:A historical reenactment with the British 2925:battalion. It soon became, under the name 2902:Chasseurs à pied bugler, full dress, 1885. 2784: 2635:Each of the three regular army regiments ( 2540:) and a reduction of purely light forces. 2305:Light infantry officers sometimes carried 2047: 2033: 4383: 4358: 4237:, 10th Mountain Division, as well as the 3353:and were its "quick reaction force". The 4668:Katcher, Philip; Walsh, Stephen (2002). 4223:Chief of Staff of the United States Army 3962: 3673: 3628:, the Norwegian Army's northernmost unit 3576: 2897: 2788: 2495:5th Naval Infantry Battalion (Argentina) 2449:) or jungle (1st Scout Ranger Regiment, 2388: 2359: 2232: 2118: 1011:List of military strategies and concepts 38: 4686: 4345: 3256:1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment) 2090:the main body of a military formation. 14: 4889: 4570:. History Press Limited. p. 143. 4501: 4626: 4590: 4528:"မြန်မာစစ်တပ်ကိုခွဲခြမ်းစိတ်ဖြာခြင်း" 3439:as their General Officer Commanding, 2701:can also be considered light infantry 2253:uniforms. These became designated as 4823:from the original on 2 November 2020 4802: 4417: 3090:units, save for one, were disbanded. 2554: 2201:In the 18th and 19th centuries most 3567:No. (21) Military Operation Command 3564:No. (20) Military Operation Command 3561:No. (19) Military Operation Command 3558:No. (18) Military Operation Command 3555:No. (17) Military Operation Command 3552:No. (16) Military Operation Command 3549:No. (15) Military Operation Command 3546:No. (14) Military Operation Command 3543:No. (13) Military Operation Command 3540:No. (12) Military Operation Command 3530:No. (10) Military Operation Command 2447:27ème bataillon de chasseurs alpins 2402:table of organization and equipment 24: 4839: 3587:Garderegiment Grenadiers en Jagers 3527:No. (9) Military Operation Command 3524:No. (8) Military Operation Command 3521:No. (7) Military Operation Command 3518:No. (6) Military Operation Command 3515:No. (5) Military Operation Command 3512:No. (4) Military Operation Command 3509:No. (3) Military Operation Command 3506:No. (2) Military Operation Command 3503:No. (1) Military Operation Command 3393:The 13th and 7th regiments of the 2499:25th Infantry Regiment (Argentina) 2114: 25: 4913: 4870: 4720:"101st Infantry Division History" 4630:Defending a New Nation, 1783–1811 4249:Modern US Military Light Infantry 4200: 4155: 3993:80th Regiment of Light-Armed Foot 3955:History of British light infantry 3948: 3486:No. (101) Light Infantry Division 3110:27e bataillon de chasseurs alpins 3095:Modern French Army Light Infantry 2815:demi-brigades d’infanterie légère 2225:During the period 1777–1781, the 2172: 4694:"82nd Airborne Division History" 4672:. Osprey Publishing. p. 4. 4468:Hawthornthwaite, Philip (1983). 4443:Hawthornthwaite, Philip (1983). 4320:Long-range reconnaissance patrol 4118: 3634:, a maritime special forces unit 3483:No. (99) Light Infantry Division 3480:No. (88) Light Infantry Division 3477:No. (77) Light Infantry Division 3474:No. (66) Light Infantry Division 3471:No. (55) Light Infantry Division 3468:No. (44) Light Infantry Division 3465:No. (33) Light Infantry Division 3462:No. (22) Light Infantry Division 3459:No. (11) Light Infantry Division 3296:Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry 3271:5 Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force) 3189:83rd Wallajahabad Light Infantry 3034:) or armored division infantry ( 2725: 85: 4796: 4768: 4740: 4712: 4661: 4648: 4620: 4584: 4559: 4534: 3896:Swedish Parachute Ranger School 3184:63rd Palamcottah Light Infantry 3120:1st Parachute Chasseur Regiment 3103:13th Chasseurs Alpins Battalion 3017: 2893: 2827:company and one reconnaissance 2610:2nd/4th Regiment Mounted Rifles 2602:12th-13th Battalion of the Line 2384: 2169:that made them heavy infantry. 4568:Glory of the Empires 1880–1914 4520: 4506:. Bloomsbury USA. p. 12. 4495: 4486: 4461: 4436: 4411: 4402: 4388:. Bloomsbury USA. p. 37. 4377: 4363:. Bloomsbury USA. p. 37. 4352: 4124:Colonial and Revolutionary War 4028:, a Light Brigade and later a 3572: 3194:91st Punjabis (Light Infantry) 3100:7th Chasseurs Alpins Battalion 13: 1: 4776:"10th Mountain Division (LI)" 4748:"10th Mountain Division (LI)" 4658:J. G. L. Brown, printer, 1861 4654:United States War Department 4566:Schollander, Wendell (2018). 4472:. Bloomsbury USA. p. 4. 4447:. Bloomsbury USA. p. 4. 3772:companies of that were named 3491:Military Operation Commands: 3209:110th Mahratta Light Infantry 3204:105th Mahratta Light Infantry 3199:103rd Mahratta Light Infantry 2273:, light infantry were called 2130: 3959:Infantry of the British Army 2683:, a unit of the Finnish Army 2559: 2410:101st Airborne (Air Assault) 7: 4598:. W.L. Otten. p. 252. 4283: 4217:in 1944. In 1983, General 3883:Jägare, elite units in the 3806: 3663: 3657:Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej 3496:Military Operation Commands 3214:127th Baluch Light Infantry 2964:Infanterie Légère d'Afrique 2534:Stryker Brigade Combat Team 2453:Jungle Infantry Brigades). 2368:returning from a parade in 2364:The pioneer company of the 1504:Military–industrial complex 983:Operational manoeuvre group 10: 4918: 3952: 3931: 3822: 3791:" was discontinued in the 3787:In 1975, the designation " 3704:, being considered by the 3667: 3433:Tactical Operation Command 3421: 3375:Friuli Air Assault Brigade 3316: 3312: 3151: 3147: 3136: 3132: 2662: 2657:Schleswig Regiment of Foot 2650: 2595: 2588: 2584: 2549:Operation Enduring Freedom 2538:Marine Expeditionary Units 2109: 29: 4803:Wray, Timothy A. (2005). 4591:Otten, William L (1997). 4470:Napoleon's Light Infantry 4445:Napoleon's Light Infantry 4008:. A new battalion of the 3877: 3841: 3650: 3613: 3607:French Revolutionary Wars 3593:Regiment Limburgse Jagers 3443:as Second in Command and 2720: 2630: 2621: 1568:Loss-of-strength gradient 425:Combat information center 4502:Brooks, Richard (2009). 4422:. Taylor & Francis. 4418:Ross, Steven T. (1996). 4384:Chartrand, Rene (1988). 4359:Chartrand, Rene (1997). 4014:King's Royal Rifle Corps 4002:, to counter the French 3865: 3813:Rhodesian Light Infantry 3776:(special huntsmen). The 3452:Light Infantry Divisions 3399:military law enforcement 3383:San Marco Marine Brigade 3331: 3291:Jammu and Kashmir Rifles 3158: 2291:. The Austrian army had 1886:Military science fiction 1371:Technology and equipment 792:List of military tactics 4260:101st Airborne Division 4211:101st Airborne Division 4144:in 1781, including the 3927:, Life Guards Battalion 3915:, Arctic warfare rifles 3903:, Intelligence squadron 3892:, the Parachute Rangers 3856:Egersky Guards Regiment 3793:Portuguese Armed Forces 3754:caçadores paraquedistas 3750:caçadores paraquedistas 3734:Portuguese Overseas War 3238:Eastern Frontier Rifles 3115:1st Tirailleur Regiment 3106:16th Chasseur Battalion 3070:Chasseurs-parachutistes 3066:Chasseurs-Parachutistes 2785:Revolution and Napoleon 2641:Royal Canadian Regiment 2188:Fusiliers des Montagnes 1954:Wartime sexual violence 1710:Full-spectrum dominance 1521:Supply-chain management 27:Type of mobile infantry 4627:Maass, John R (2013). 4594:Colonel J.F. Hamtramck 4315:Similar types of unit 4275:11th Airborne Division 4270:25th Infantry Division 4265:10th Mountain Division 4255:82nd Airborne Division 4239:29th Infantry Division 4231:25th Infantry Division 4215:10th Mountain Division 4207:82nd Airborne Division 4063:Royal Marine Commandos 3972: 3795:. All former units of 3756:were later created in 3683: 3582: 3301:Maratha Light Infantry 3222:Maratha Light Infantry 3179:6th Jat Light Infantry 2968:African Light Infantry 2903: 2886:Chasseurs Britanniques 2802: 2471:25th Infantry Division 2467:10th Mountain Division 2426:10th Mountain Division 2414:82nd Airborne Division 2397: 2373: 2285:and the sharpshooters 2246: 2136: 1866:Awards and decorations 1839:Peace through strength 1814:Low-intensity conflict 1448:Conscientious objector 1321:Area of responsibility 55: 4784:. The Wickham Charter 4546:samilitaryhistory.org 4235:6th Infantry Division 4227:7th Infantry Division 3981:French and Indian War 3966: 3913:Army Ranger Battalion 3848:Imperial Russian Army 3736:, from 1961 to 1975. 3677: 3632:Marinejegerkommandoen 3580: 3494:Units designated as " 3450:Units designated as " 2901: 2863:and two regiments of 2821:companies, one elite 2792: 2771:Jean Chrétien Fischer 2677:, a Finnish Army unit 2675:Guard Jaeger Regiment 2463:7th Infantry Division 2459:6th Infantry Division 2392: 2363: 2236: 2134: 4th century BC 2122: 458:Torpedo data computer 448:Ship gun fire-control 42: 4814:National War College 4346:References and notes 4183:created and led the 4177:Mexican–American War 4166:Regiment of Riflemen 4010:60th Royal Americans 3969:95th Rifles regiment 3885:Swedish Armed Forces 3742:Portuguese Air Force 3730:overseas territories 3620:Hærens Jegerkommando 2958:Chasseurs forestiers 2954:Chasseurs Forestiers 2871:Flanqueurs-Chasseurs 2861:Tirailleurs-chasseur 2693:Utti Jaeger Regiment 2669:Finnish Jäger troops 2570:Cazadores de Montaña 2479:Operation Just Cause 2475:75th Ranger Regiment 2366:27th Jäger Battalion 1984:Military occupations 1819:Military engineering 1721:Unrestricted Warfare 1578:Force multiplication 476:Military manoeuvrers 4847:The Partisan in War 4700:on 25 December 2009 4243:Army National Guard 4219:John A. Wickham Jr. 4113:Mechanised Infantry 4102:Royal Gurkha Rifles 3942:Somali Armed Forces 3909:, Airborne squadron 3778:caçadores especiais 3774:caçadores especiais 3680:caçadores especiais 3638:Kystjegerkommandoen 3407:Falchi d'Aspromonte 3360:mechanised infantry 3338:Italian unification 3306:Sikh Light Infantry 3226:Sikh Light Infantry 3143:Schützen (military) 3056:Chasseurs pyrénéens 3052:Chasseurs pyrénéens 3032:Chasseurs mécanisés 2995:Battle of Solferino 2987:Franco-Austrian War 2865:Conscrits-chasseurs 2196:mounted infantrymen 1670:Penal military unit 1655:Rules of engagement 1331:Command and control 956:Operations research 420:Director (military) 410:Fire-control system 180:Command and control 61:Part of a series on 46:light infantryman ( 4902:Combat occupations 4192:American Civil War 4185:Mississippi Rifles 4164:created its first 4162:United States Army 4146:Battle of Yorktown 4059:Parachute Regiment 3973: 3706:Duke of Wellington 3684: 3583: 3445:Lieutenant Colonel 3174:5th Light Infantry 2904: 2849:Fusilier-Chasseurs 2803: 2779:Chasseurs à cheval 2748:Chasseurs à cheval 2579:Cazadores de Monte 2529:, on 21 May 1982. 2511:3 Commando Brigade 2503:Parachute Regiment 2469:(light infantry), 2430:United States Army 2423:United States Army 2398: 2374: 2321:were light curved 2247: 2137: 1779:Counter-insurgency 1700:Command of the sea 1645:Jewish laws on war 1620:Geneva Conventions 1156:Divide and conquer 951:Military operation 916:Tactical objective 415:Fire-control radar 392:Electronic-warfare 56: 32:The Light Infantry 4679:978-1-84176-463-4 4577:978-0-7524-8634-5 4513:978-1-84603-385-8 4429:978-0-7146-4193-5 4138:General Lafayette 4130:George Washington 4128:In 1780, General 4109:Armoured Infantry 4055:British Commandos 3921:, Coastal Rangers 3901:Ö-Nerike skvadron 3890:Fallskärmsjägarna 3829:Vânători de Munte 3766:Portuguese Guinea 3744:formed a unit of 3437:Brigadier General 3028:Chasseurs à pieds 2645:Royal 22 Régiment 2566:Mountain Huntsmen 2555:National examples 2167:phalanx formation 2057: 2056: 1949:Horses in warfare 1896:Anti-war movement 1799:Gunboat diplomacy 1789:Disaster response 1737:Philosophy of war 1732:Principles of war 1705:Deterrence theory 1650:Right of conquest 1573:Lanchester's laws 1341:Principles of war 1031:Counter-offensive 1016:Military campaign 921:Target saturation 844:Counterinsurgency 453:Gun data computer 387:Close air support 349:Aircraft carriers 16:(Redirected from 4909: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4822: 4811: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4744: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4716: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4665: 4659: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4635: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4538: 4532: 4531: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4499: 4493: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4465: 4459: 4458: 4440: 4434: 4433: 4415: 4409: 4406: 4400: 4399: 4386:Louis XIV's Army 4381: 4375: 4374: 4356: 4150:Continental Army 4051:Second World War 3985:Native Americans 3378:fully airmobile. 3286:11 Gorkha Rifles 3246:Rajputana Rifles 3139:Jäger (infantry) 3046:Chasseurs alpins 3042:Chasseurs alpins 3036:Chasseurs portés 3024:Chasseurs à pied 2991:Chasseurs à pied 2941:Chasseurs Alpins 2934:Chasseurs alpins 2915:Chasseurs à pied 2879:Bourbon royalist 2843:Chasseurs à pied 2763:Chasseurs à Pied 2755:Chasseurs à pied 2740:Chasseurs à pied 2515:Falkland Islands 2501:and the British 2372:(Libau) in 1917. 2227:Continental Army 2155:, and the Roman 2135: 2132: 2049: 2042: 2035: 1804:Humanitarian aid 1742:Security dilemma 1563:Power projection 1346:Economy of force 1326:Chain of command 1041:Defence in depth 1026:Commerce raiding 849:Defeat in detail 185:Defense ministry 89: 80: 79: 70: 58: 57: 21: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4907: 4906: 4887: 4886: 4873: 4842: 4840:Further reading 4837: 4836: 4826: 4824: 4820: 4809: 4801: 4797: 4787: 4785: 4774: 4773: 4769: 4759: 4757: 4746: 4745: 4741: 4731: 4729: 4718: 4717: 4713: 4703: 4701: 4692: 4691: 4687: 4680: 4666: 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2351:self-discipline 2271:Napoleonic Wars 2257:in Britain and 2255:rifle regiments 2175: 2133: 2117: 2115:Ancient history 2112: 2053: 2024: 2023: 1974: 1964: 1963: 1929: 1921: 1920: 1861: 1851: 1850: 1824:Multilateralism 1809:Law enforcement 1769: 1759: 1758: 1727:Just war theory 1685: 1675: 1674: 1625:Geneva Protocol 1595: 1585: 1584: 1558: 1548: 1547: 1489: 1479: 1478: 1386: 1376: 1375: 1316: 1306: 1305: 1271: 1261: 1260: 1191:Network-centric 1111: 1101: 1100: 1008: 998: 997: 946: 936: 935: 884:Rapid dominance 789: 779: 778: 734:Electromagnetic 643: 633: 632: 619: 572: 520: 496: 486: 485: 481:Combat training 462: 439: 405:Combat systems: 401: 363: 359:Auxiliary ships 325: 285: 281:Military police 247: 170: 160: 159: 99: 73: 72: 71: 66: 44:Portuguese Army 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4915: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4897:Light infantry 4885: 4884: 4879: 4872: 4871:External links 4869: 4868: 4867: 4864: 4861: 4858: 4855: 4851: 4841: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4795: 4767: 4739: 4711: 4685: 4678: 4660: 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1962: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1862: 1857: 1856: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1836: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1770: 1765: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1756: 1751: 1750: 1749: 1747:Tripwire force 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1686: 1681: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1596: 1591: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1570: 1565: 1559: 1554: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1523: 1518: 1517: 1516: 1511: 1501: 1496: 1490: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1467: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1387: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1317: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1272: 1269:Administrative 1267: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1196:New generation 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1171:Fleet in being 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1112: 1109:Grand strategy 1107: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1096:Scorched earth 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1009: 1004: 1003: 1000: 999: 996: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 973:Deep operation 970: 965: 958: 953: 947: 942: 941: 938: 937: 934: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 902: 901: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 820: 819: 814: 809: 799: 790: 785: 784: 781: 780: 777: 776: 774:Unconventional 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 722: 720:Disinformation 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 691: 690: 685: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 644: 639: 638: 635: 634: 631: 630: 625: 618: 617: 616: 615: 614: 613: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 571: 570: 569: 568: 567: 566: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 519: 518: 517: 516: 511: 506: 497: 492: 491: 488: 487: 484: 483: 478: 473: 471:Basic training 468: 461: 460: 455: 450: 445: 438: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 400: 399: 397:Reconnaissance 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 362: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 324: 323: 318: 316:Special forces 313: 308: 307: 306: 296: 291: 284: 283: 278: 273: 271:Reconnaissance 268: 263: 258: 253: 246: 245: 236: 231: 222: 217: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 171: 166: 165: 162: 161: 158: 157: 156: 155: 150: 140: 139: 138: 133: 123: 122: 121: 114:Post-classical 111: 106: 100: 95: 94: 91: 90: 82: 81: 63: 62: 52:Peninsular War 26: 18:Light Infantry 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4914: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4874: 4865: 4862: 4859: 4856: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4844: 4843: 4819: 4816:. p. 5. 4815: 4808: 4807: 4799: 4783: 4782: 4777: 4771: 4755: 4754: 4749: 4743: 4727: 4726: 4725:Fort Campbell 4721: 4715: 4699: 4695: 4689: 4681: 4675: 4671: 4664: 4657: 4651: 4632: 4631: 4623: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4605:0-9657423-0-X 4601: 4597: 4595: 4587: 4579: 4573: 4569: 4562: 4547: 4543: 4537: 4529: 4523: 4515: 4509: 4505: 4504:Soferino 1859 4498: 4489: 4481: 4479:0-85045-521-9 4475: 4471: 4464: 4456: 4454:0-85045-521-9 4450: 4446: 4439: 4431: 4425: 4421: 4414: 4405: 4397: 4395:0-85045-850-1 4391: 4387: 4380: 4372: 4370:1-85532-624-8 4366: 4362: 4355: 4351: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4317: 4316: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4305:Line infantry 4303: 4301: 4300:Light cavalry 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4290:Heavy cavalry 4288: 4287: 4281: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4252: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4188: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4173: 4171: 4168:. During the 4167: 4163: 4160:In 1808, the 4153: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4132:published an 4131: 4119:United States 4116: 4114: 4110: 4105: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4090:Rifle Brigade 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4066: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4047: 4045: 4044:cloth helmets 4041: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4018:Rifle Brigade 4015: 4011: 4007: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3956: 3943: 3939: 3936: 3935: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3881: 3875: 3873: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3826: 3820: 3818: 3814: 3804: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3690: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3658: 3655: 3654: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3617: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3579: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3538: 3536: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3492: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3448: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3369: 3365: 3364: 3363: 3361: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3329: 3324: 3320: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3235: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3155: 3144: 3140: 3130: 3128: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3098: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3012: 3008: 3007: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2983: 2982: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2948: 2943: 2942: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2913: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2908:line infantry 2900: 2888: 2887: 2883: 2882: 2881: 2880: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2839: 2837: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2825: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2811:half-brigades 2808: 2805:In 1793, the 2801: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2782: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2744:light cavalry 2741: 2737: 2736: 2735: 2726:Ancien régime 2718: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2666: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2648: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2628: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2592: 2580: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2528: 2527:East Falkland 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2507:Royal Marines 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2491:Falklands War 2487: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2454: 2452: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2434: 2431: 2427: 2424: 2420: 2419:Royal Marines 2415: 2411: 2405: 2403: 2395: 2391: 2382: 2380: 2371: 2367: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2303: 2301: 2300: 2294: 2290: 2289: 2284: 2283: 2278: 2277: 2272: 2268: 2267: 2262: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2231: 2228: 2223: 2221: 2216: 2212: 2211:light company 2208: 2205:regiments or 2204: 2199: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2170: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2107: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2072:line infantry 2069: 2065: 2061: 2050: 2045: 2043: 2038: 2036: 2031: 2030: 2028: 2027: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1968: 1967: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1925: 1924: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1876:Warrior caste 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1860: 1855: 1854: 1847: 1846:Show of force 1844: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1834:Peacebuilding 1832: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1763: 1762: 1755: 1752: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1722: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1690:Air supremacy 1688: 1687: 1684: 1679: 1678: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1630:Islamic rules 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1610:Court-martial 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1594: 1589: 1588: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1557: 1552: 1551: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1509:Arms industry 1507: 1506: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1483: 1482: 1475: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1380: 1379: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1318: 1315: 1310: 1309: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1265: 1264: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1126:Broken-backed 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1110: 1105: 1104: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1012: 1007: 1002: 1001: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 968:Expeditionary 966: 964: 963: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 948: 945: 940: 939: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 900: 897: 896: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 839:Counterattack 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 804: 803: 800: 798: 795: 794: 793: 788: 783: 782: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 764:Psychological 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 700:Combined arms 698: 696: 693: 689: 686: 684: 681: 680: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 645: 642: 637: 636: 629: 626: 624: 621: 620: 612: 609: 608: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 578: 577: 574: 573: 565: 562: 561: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 539:Fortification 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 526: 525: 522: 521: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 501: 499: 498: 495: 490: 489: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 463: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 440: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 402: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 364: 360: 357: 355: 354:Landing craft 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 326: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 305: 302: 301: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 286: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 248: 244: 240: 239:Standing army 237: 235: 232: 230: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 172: 169: 164: 163: 154: 151: 149: 146: 145: 144: 141: 137: 134: 132: 131:pike and shot 129: 128: 127: 124: 120: 117: 116: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 101: 98: 93: 92: 88: 84: 83: 77: 69: 65: 64: 60: 59: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 4845: 4825:. Retrieved 4805: 4798: 4786:. Retrieved 4779: 4770: 4758:. Retrieved 4751: 4742: 4730:. Retrieved 4723: 4714: 4702:. Retrieved 4698:the original 4688: 4669: 4663: 4655: 4650: 4638:. Retrieved 4629: 4622: 4592: 4586: 4567: 4561: 4549:. Retrieved 4545: 4536: 4522: 4503: 4497: 4488: 4469: 4463: 4444: 4438: 4419: 4413: 4404: 4385: 4379: 4360: 4354: 4335:Sharpshooter 4314: 4279: 4204: 4201:20th Century 4196: 4189: 4174: 4159: 4156:19th Century 4127: 4106: 4067: 4048: 4033: 4022:Baker rifles 4003: 3997: 3977:British Army 3974: 3871: 3869: 3859: 3851: 3845: 3810: 3800: 3796: 3788: 3786: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3753: 3749: 3746:paratroopers 3725: 3720: 3718: 3693: 3687: 3685: 3679: 3534: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3451: 3449: 3425: 3414: 3406: 3402: 3387:Italian Navy 3367: 3351:Italian Army 3344: 3335: 3326: 3234:Assam Rifles 3230: 3219: 3162: 3124: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3069: 3065: 3055: 3051: 3045: 3041: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3018:20th century 3004: 3000: 2990: 2979: 2973: 2963: 2957: 2953: 2945: 2938: 2932: 2926: 2922: 2914: 2905: 2894:19th century 2884: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2842: 2833: 2828: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2806: 2804: 2799:Grande Armée 2797: 2793: 2778: 2774: 2762: 2754: 2752: 2747: 2739: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2710: 2706: 2704: 2699:Sissi troops 2634: 2625: 2578: 2569: 2542: 2531: 2488: 2455: 2437:Italian Army 2406: 2399: 2385:Contemporary 2375: 2355: 2317:, and their 2304: 2297: 2286: 2280: 2274: 2264: 2258: 2254: 2248: 2224: 2210: 2200: 2187: 2176: 2156: 2138: 2095:World War II 2092: 2059: 2058: 1959:Fifth column 1939:War resister 1934:Women in war 1829:Peacekeeping 1774:Arms control 1719: 1408:Mobilization 1403:Conscription 1361:Intelligence 1314:Organization 960: 889:Encirclement 769:Radiological 705:Conventional 559:Subterranean 466:Development: 465: 442: 404: 366: 329:Naval units: 328: 321:Signal corps 288: 266:Intelligence 251:Specialties: 250: 175:Organization 126:Early modern 47: 36: 4704:1 September 4170:War of 1812 4094:rifle green 4040:Crimean War 4012:(later the 3925:Livbataljon 3919:Kustjägarna 3700:during the 3678:Portuguese 3644:Grensejeger 3573:Netherlands 3395:Carabinieri 3346:Bersaglieri 3088:Tirailleurs 3080:Tirailleurs 3011:Skirmishers 3006:Tirailleurs 3001:Tirailleurs 2923:Tirailleurs 2824:Carabiniers 2715:World War I 2687:Para Jägers 2545:Afghanistan 2489:During the 2444:French Army 2347:elite units 2333:instead of 2288:tirailleurs 2251:rifle green 2243:Victor Huen 2084:skirmishers 1944:War studies 1767:Non-warfare 1695:Appeasement 1660:Martial law 1499:War economy 1438:Transgender 1391:Recruitment 1151:Containment 1036:Culminating 944:Operational 864:Envelopment 807:Air assault 688:Air cavalry 648:Air defence 628:Information 529:Cold-region 494:Battlespace 443:Historical: 289:Land units: 215:Space force 210:Coast guard 143:Late modern 104:Prehistoric 4891:Categories 4812:(Thesis). 4340:Skirmisher 4098:No 1 dress 4086:The Rifles 3860:strelkovyi 3819:regiment. 3762:Mozambique 3714:camouflage 3429:battalions 2829:voltigeurs 2523:San Carlos 2473:, and the 2379:full dress 2276:voltigeurs 2207:battalions 2179:irregulars 2004:War crimes 1994:Operations 1901:Foot drill 1871:Battle cry 1784:deterrence 1443:Harassment 1418:Specialism 1241:Technology 1236:Succession 1181:Liberation 1116:Asymmetric 1051:Empty fort 962:Blitzkrieg 931:Withdrawal 894:Investment 673:Camouflage 668:Biological 606:Underwater 581:Amphibious 500:Aerospace 367:Air units: 344:Submarines 153:fourth-gen 148:industrial 136:napoleonic 4781:Fort Drum 4756:. History 4753:Fort Drum 4728:. History 4038:. By the 4035:Caçadores 4005:Chasseurs 3872:Cazadores 3852:yegerskii 3797:caçadores 3789:caçadores 3782:caçadores 3726:caçadores 3721:caçadores 3694:caçadores 3689:caçadores 3670:Caçadores 3603:Khoekhoen 3342:Sardinian 3127:Léon Weil 2856:Voltigeur 2831:company. 2819:Chasseurs 2794:Chasseurs 2775:Chasseurs 2765:, as the 2560:Argentina 2465:(light), 2461:(light), 2299:Caçadores 2282:chasseurs 2184:Fusiliers 2124:Agrianian 2088:screening 1891:War novel 1794:Grey-zone 1754:War games 1715:Overmatch 1665:War crime 1615:Desertion 1605:Ceasefire 1600:Armistice 1487:Logistics 1465:Mercenary 1453:Volunteer 1384:Personnel 1356:Engineers 1301:Sociology 1256:World war 1251:Total war 1231:Strategic 1221:Religious 1206:Political 1201:Perpetual 1176:Irregular 1091:Offensive 1066:Defensive 1061:Deception 1021:Attrition 874:Guerrilla 869:Formation 812:Airbridge 744:Loitering 658:Artillery 311:Artillery 261:Engineers 229:Irregular 200:Air force 50:) of the 4818:Archived 4614:97-91610 4551:23 March 4330:Rifleman 4325:Marksman 4284:See also 4179:Colonel 4057:and the 3991:and the 3835:Vânători 3817:Commando 3807:Rhodesia 3801:atirador 3708:as the " 3664:Portugal 3601:, was a 3236:and the 3224:and the 3086:and the 3060:Pyrénées 2767:marksmen 2759:woodsmen 2734:Chasseur 2707:Jääkärit 2412:and the 2394:Georgian 2266:Schützen 2203:infantry 2192:dragoons 2103:airborne 2099:commando 2064:infantry 1906:War song 1881:War film 1514:Materiel 1433:Children 1413:Training 1351:Medicine 1336:Doctrine 1291:Training 1226:Resource 1211:Princely 1161:Economic 1146:Conquest 1141:Colonial 1136:Cold war 1121:Blockade 1006:Strategy 978:Maneuver 739:Infantry 695:Chemical 549:Mountain 509:Airborne 372:Fighters 339:Warships 294:Infantry 220:Reserves 168:Military 4827:12 July 4788:12 July 4760:12 July 4640:12 July 4241:of the 4175:In the 4049:In the 3932:Somalia 3823:Romania 3748:called 3441:Colonel 3422:Myanmar 3411:Camorra 3385:of the 3368:Folgore 3313:Ireland 3148:Hungary 3133:Germany 3084:Zouaves 3076:Zouaves 2981:Zouaves 2975:Zouaves 2711:Jägarna 2663:Finland 2651:Denmark 2596:Belgium 2585:Austria 2370:Liepāja 2339:British 2331:whistle 2315:pistols 2307:muskets 2293:Grenzer 2163:hoplite 2158:velites 2149:peltast 2127:peltast 2110:History 2080:raiders 2019:Writers 2014:Weapons 1979:Battles 1928:Related 1916:Wargame 1911:Uniform 1859:Culture 1640:Perfidy 1635:Justice 1556:Science 1541:Outpost 1494:History 1474:Warrior 1470:Soldier 1458:foreign 1396:counter 1296:Service 1246:Theater 1186:Limited 1166:Endemic 1081:Nuclear 854:Foxhole 829:Cavalry 817:Airdrop 802:Airlift 787:Tactics 759:Nuclear 749:Missile 678:Cavalry 663:Barrage 641:Weapons 601:Surface 382:Command 377:Bombers 334:Frogman 304:Cavalry 276:Medical 243:Militia 225:Regular 205:Marines 119:castles 109:Ancient 97:History 76:outline 48:caçador 4854:56–83. 4732:31 May 4676: 4612: 4602: 4574: 4510: 4476: 4451: 4426: 4392: 4367: 3878:Sweden 3842:Russia 3758:Angola 3651:Poland 3614:Norway 3498:" are 3454:" are 3355:Alpini 3323:Fianna 3154:Pandur 3068:: The 3044:: The 3026:: The 2978:: The 2956:: The 2947:Alpini 2917:: The 2761:. The 2721:France 2631:Canada 2622:Brazil 2483:Panama 2440:Alpini 2343:French 2323:sabres 2319:swords 2311:rifles 2209:had a 2153:psiloi 2082:, and 2076:scouts 1999:Sieges 1683:Theory 1423:Morale 1281:Policy 1276:Branch 1056:Mosaic 1046:Fabian 993:Covert 926:Trench 911:Screen 834:Charge 824:Battle 797:Aerial 715:Denial 683:Horses 611:Seabed 564:Tunnel 544:Jungle 534:Desert 504:Aerial 4821:(PDF) 4810:(PDF) 4634:(PDF) 3938:Danab 3866:Spain 3332:Italy 3159:India 2742:) or 2335:drums 2327:bugle 2260:Jäger 2241:, by 2220:melee 2215:agile 2145:Roman 2093:Post- 1972:Lists 1428:Women 1366:Ranks 1286:Staff 1216:Proxy 1131:Class 1086:Naval 1071:Depth 906:Swarm 899:Siege 879:Naval 859:Drone 754:Music 729:Robot 725:Drone 710:Cyber 653:Armor 623:Cyber 596:Green 591:Brown 554:Urban 514:Space 435:Radar 430:Sonar 299:Armor 256:Staff 234:Ranks 4829:2021 4790:2021 4762:2021 4734:2024 4706:2012 4674:ISBN 4642:2021 4610:LCCN 4600:ISBN 4572:ISBN 4553:2024 4508:ISBN 4474:ISBN 4449:ISBN 4424:ISBN 4390:ISBN 4365:ISBN 4092:'s " 4082:2003 4080:and 4078:1990 4074:1966 4070:1957 3975:The 3957:and 3846:The 3811:The 3764:and 3719:The 3381:The 3373:The 3366:The 3321:and 3141:and 3078:and 3054:and 2753:The 2730:The 2643:and 2519:Yomp 2505:and 2497:and 2341:and 2279:and 2263:and 2151:and 2143:and 2101:and 2009:Wars 1526:Base 1076:Goal 988:Raid 586:Blue 524:Land 195:Navy 190:Army 4115:). 4111:or 2877:In 2750:). 2525:on 2509:of 2329:or 2309:or 2070:or 1593:Law 1536:FOB 1531:MOB 576:Sea 68:War 4893:: 4778:. 4750:. 4722:. 4608:. 4544:. 4245:. 4233:, 4229:, 4221:, 4194:. 4187:. 4096:" 4084:. 4076:, 4072:, 3760:, 3716:. 3228:. 3003:: 2639:, 2477:. 2442:, 2435:, 2428:, 2421:, 2131:c. 2129:, 2078:, 1472:/ 727:/ 241:/ 227:/ 4831:. 4792:. 4764:. 4736:. 4708:. 4682:. 4644:. 4616:. 4580:. 4555:. 4530:. 4516:. 4482:. 4457:. 4432:. 4398:. 4373:. 3971:. 3944:. 3609:. 3062:. 3009:( 2966:( 2813:( 2746:( 2547:( 2417:( 2245:. 2186:( 2048:e 2041:t 2034:v 78:) 74:( 54:. 34:. 20:)

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