3881:
2735:
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2592:
3200:
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1610:
702:
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56:
111:
3858:'s assertions false, and it made others self-fulfilling. One of these was the insistence on an operational link between Iraq and al-Qaeda... after the fall of the regime, the most potent ideological force behind the insurgency was Islam and its hostility to non-Islamic intruders. Some former Baathist officials even stopped drinking and took to prayer. The insurgency was called
7617:... 'unless the Muslim community is subjected to a sudden attack and therefore all believers, including women and children are under the obligation to fight— is regarded by all jurists, with almost no exception, as a collective obligation of the whole Muslim community,' meaning that 'if the duty is fulfilled by a part of the community it ceases to be obligatory on others'.
3236:) that had supported the independence of Islamic scholars and jurists for centuries were taken over by the state. The jurists were made salaried employees and the nationalist rulers naturally encouraged their employees (and their employees' interpretations of Islam) to serve the rulers' interests. Inevitably, the jurists came to be seen by the Muslim public as doing this.
4271:
en route to establishing true
Islamic governance in accordance with Sharia, or God's law. The expression's most significant limitation is that it contains the word Jihad, which is an important religious concept in Islam. For much of the Islamic world, Jihad simply refers to the internal spiritual campaign that one wages with oneself."
4270:
Use of "jihadism" has been criticized by at least one academic (Brachman): "'Jihadism' is a clumsy and controversial term. It refers to the peripheral current of extremist
Islamic thought whose adherents demand the use of violence in order to oust non-Islamic influence from traditionally Muslim lands
2497:
show, states may gain domestic legitimacy through economic development and social change, rather than based on religion and piety". Many
Muslims do not use the terms "jihadism" or "jihadist", disliking the association of illegitimate violence with a noble religious concept, and instead prefer the use
3263:
historically or contextually, but as the one, orthodox "straight path" of Islam. Unlike the traditional teachings of the jurists, who tolerated and even celebrated divergent opinions and schools of thought and kept extremism marginalized, Wahhabism had "extreme hostility" to "any sectarian divisions
3572:
is not only a theologically sound act, but a commendable one, too, something to be cherished and celebrated regardless of its outcome. neither
Zarqawi nor his inheritors have looked back, liberally using Muhajir's work to normalize the use of suicide tactics in the time since, such that they have
3397:(innovation) in religion), have "normalized" what was once "unthinkable". "The very idea that Muslims might blow themselves up for God was unheard of before 1983, and it was not until the early 1990s that anyone anywhere had tried to justify killing innocent Muslims who were not on a battlefield."
7086:
Well before the full emergence of
Islamism in the 1970s, a growing constituency nicknamed 'petro-Islam' included Wahhabi ulemas and Islamist intellectuals and promoted strict implementation of the sharia in the political, moral and cultural spheres; this proto-movement had few social concerns and
3291:
are often referred to as "militia", and Sunni foreigners as "jihadists" (or "would-be jihadists"). One who does use the term "Shia jihad" is Danny Postel, who complains that "this Shia jihad is largely left out of the dominant narrative." Other authors see the ideology of "resistance" (Arabic:
6826:
4280:
For example: "The battle has drawn Shiite militias from
Lebanon, Iraq and Afghanistan on the side of Assad, even as Sunni would-be jihadists from around the world have filled the ranks of the many Islamist groups fighting his rule, including the Islamic State extremist
6939:
much of the prominence it held in the early days of Islam. Yet Gibb, for all his perception, did not consider jihad within the context of its alliance to ascetic and revivalist sentiments, nor from the perspectives which left it open to diverse interpretations." (p.
3573:
become the single most important military and terrorist method—defensive or offensive—used by ISIS today. The way that
Muhajir theorized it was simple—he offered up a theological fix that allows any who desire it to sidestep the Koranic injunctions against suicide.
3337:) carried out according to orders of legitimate representatives of the Muslim community. Jihadist insist all Muslims should participate because (they believe) today's Muslim leaders are illegitimate and do not command the authority to ordain justified violence.
2868:. In order to restore Islam, bring back its days of glory, and free the Muslims from the clasps of ignorance, Qutb proposed the shunning of modern society, establishing a vanguard which was modeled after the early Muslims, preaching, and bracing oneself for
3412:, such as detailed rules involving "the initiation, the conduct, the termination" of jihad, the treatment of prisoners, the distribution of booty, etc. Unless there was a sudden attack on the Muslim community, jihad was not a "personal obligation" (
2462:, proposed an extension of the term "jihadist globalism" to apply to all extremely violent strains of religiously influenced ideologies that articulate the global imaginary into concrete political agendas and terrorist strategies; these include
3461:, leaders of al-Qaeda and others, believe that defensive global jihad is a personal obligation, which means that no caliph or Muslim head of state needs to declare it. Killing yourself in the process of killing the enemy is an act of
3563:
Ranging from ruminations on the merits of beheading, torturing, or burning prisoners to thoughts on assassination, siege warfare, and the use of biological weapons, Muhajir's intellectual legacy is a crucial component of the
2390:, has defined his use of the term as referring to "an individual or political movement that primarily focuses its attention, discourse, and activities on the conduct of a violent, uncompromising campaign that they term a
2202:
Jihadist organizations and rebel groups have become more prominent since the 1990s; by one estimate, 5 percent of civil wars involved jihadist groups in 1990 but more than 40 percent in 2014. French political scientist
8231:
3066:
provided propaganda for the Afghan cause. After the war, veteran jihadists returned to their home countries, and from there would disperse to other sites of conflict involving Muslim populations, such as
Algeria,
3540:. The book has been described by counter-terrorism scholar Orwa Ajjoub as rationalizing and justifying "suicide operations, the mutilation of corpses, beheading, and the killing of children and non-combatants".
5445:
Hekmatpour, Peyman; Burns, Thomas J. (2019). "Perception of
Western governments' hostility to Islam among European Muslims before and after ISIS: the important roles of residential segregation and education".
2107:. In a narrower sense, it refers to the belief held by some Muslims that armed confrontation with political rivals is a theologically legitimate and efficient method of socio-political change. It is a form of
6294:
5381:
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The
Iranian government has drawn from Afghan refugees living in Iran and the number of Afghans fighting in Syria on behalf of the Assad regime has been estimated at "between 10,000 and 12,000".
5993:
8624:
8568:
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3019:, Sayyid Qutb, and Abul A'la Maududi. Jihad has been propagated in modern fundamentalism beginning in the late 19th century, an ideology that arose in the context of struggles against
5811:
8012:
2886:, the radical Islamist ideology which is derived from the ideas of Qutb, was denounced by many prominent Muslim scholars as well as by other members of the Muslim Brotherhood, like
6138:
6069:
3483:
described the new interpretation of jihad as the "willful targeting of civilians by a non-state actor through unconventional means." Al-Qaeda's splinter groups and competitors,
8537:
2822:. He was a prominent leader of the Muslim Brotherhood and a highly influential Islamist ideologue, and the first to articulate these anathemizing principles in his magnum opus
7511:
3442:
resulting from an attack on the enemy with no concern for your own safety was praiseworthy, but dying by your own hand (as opposed to the enemy's) merited a special place in
4188:
4087:
3568:—and, indeed, whatever comes after it—a way to render practically anything permissible, provided, that is, it can be spun as beneficial to the jihad. According to Muhajir,
3230:, often highly educated Islamic jurists. In "the vast majority" of Muslim countries during the post-colonial world of the 1950s and 1960s, the private religious endowments (
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844:
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7186:
2685:. From their essentially political position, the Kharijites developed extreme doctrines that set them apart from both mainstream Sunnī and Shīʿa Muslims. Shīʿas believe
7374:
7073:
2537:
mainly applied to individuals in developed nations who are recruited to travel to conflict zones on jihad. For example, jihadi rap videos make participants look "more
4041:
from Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Yemen, Kuwait, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Morocco, as well as from other Arab states, Chechnya, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Western countries.
3553:, notes: "There is a startling lack of study and concern regarding this abhorrent and dangerous text in almost all Western and Arab scholarship". Charlie Winter of
7825:
7750:
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elite. The Syrian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood emerged as the biggest faction of the opposition during this period. After a series of internal purges, General
2394:". Following Daniel Kimmage, he distinguishes the jihadist discourse of jihad as a global project to remake the world from the resistance discourse of groups like
8759:
Botobekov, Uran (2021). "How Central Asian Salafi-Jihadi Groups are Exploiting the Covid-19 Pandemic: New Opportunities and Challenges". In Käsehage, Nina (ed.).
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Sayyid Qutb could be said to have founded the actual movement of radical Islam. Unlike the other Islamic thinkers who have been mentioned above, Qutb was not an
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3669:. Throughout the 1960s, the opposition organized protests across Syrian towns and villages backed by conservative segments of the society supported by the
3585:(2017). He assesses that jihadists regard their actions as being "for the greater good"; that they are in a "weakened in the earth" situation that renders
3565:
4568:
4442:
7147:
4542:
Atiyas-Lvovsky, Lorena; Azani, Eitan; Barak, Michael; Moghadam, Assaf (20 September 2023). Cruickshank, Paul; Hummel, Kristina; Morgan, Caroline (eds.).
4184:
4083:
4038:
3058:
provide inspiration. The Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989) is said to have "amplified the jihadist tendency from a fringe phenomenon to a major force in the
2578:
2236:
2016:
1781:
1100:
839:
7927:
5423:
4015:; wherein Sunni Islamist factions of the insurgency became pitted against the Iran-backed Shīʿa militias fighting on the side of regime. In Egypt, the
5296:
4395:
from which it is constructed, is a difficult term to precisely define. The meaning of Jihadism is a virtual moving target because it remains a recent
6001:
5243:
4600:
Poljarevic, Emin (2021). "Theology of Violence-oriented Takfirism as a Political Theory: The Case of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS)". In
3655:
3391:
Sadarat Kadri, during the last couple of centuries, incremental changes in Islamic legal doctrine (developed by Islamists who otherwise condemn any
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10241:
1212:
1179:
10439:
8840:
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6773:
1224:
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1516:
8560:
3042:) has arisen in the 2000s to refer to the contemporary jihadi movements, the development of which was in retrospect traced to developments of
10599:
10185:
9191:
8632:
7276:
4174:
3992:
1987:
1164:
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Gibril Haddad, “Quietism and End-Time Reclusion in the Qurʾān and Hadith: Al-Nābulusī and His Book Takmīl Al-Nuʿūt within the ʿuzla Genre,”
6105:
3400:
The first or the "classical" doctrine of jihad which was developed towards the end of the 8th century, emphasized the "jihad of the sword" (
10229:
9120:
Pasha, Mustapha Kamal (April 2010). "In the Shadows of Globalization: Civilizational Crisis, the 'Global Modern', and 'Islamic Nihilism'".
7858:
7799:
7310:
7252:
5784:
3740:, the Muslim Brotherhood played a key role in the anti-Assad protests alongside the secular opposition and was also influential within the
3331:. This is in contrast with the belief of Muslims up until now (and by contemporary non-jihadists) that jihad is a "collective obligation" (
3155:
1900:
1249:
1174:
8002:
6267:
3756:, and carried out large-scale attacks against the Ba'athist military and government officers during its insurgency between 2012 and 2016.
3988:
3446:. The category of jihad which is considered to be a collective obligation is sometimes simplified as "offensive jihad" in Western texts.
3301:
1200:
4817:
10512:
9224:
Who's Who in Al-Qaeda & Jihadi Movements in South and Southeast Asia 19,906 Key Individuals, Organizations, Incidents, and Linkages
7923:
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3964:
3404:) rather than the "jihad of the heart", but it contained many legal restrictions which were developed from interpretations of both the
3054:
during the 1990s. Jihadism has been called an "offshoot" of Islamic revivalism of the 1960s and 1970s. The writings of Sayyid Qutb and
2068:
1649:
6128:
6057:
3528:. Zarqawi used a 579-page manuscript of al-Muhajir's ideas at AQI training camps that were later deployed by ISIL, known in Arabic as
6810:
6599:
3837:
2772:
1506:
3941:
invaders in Afghanistan. The United States and allies supported Islamist revolutionaries to the defeat the threat posed by "godless
10212:
7484:
3975:
organisation began viewing their struggle as part of a "Global Jihad", eventually pitting them towards a collision course with the
3880:
2357:". Historian David A. Charters defines "jihadism" as "a revolutionary program whose ideology promises radical social change in the
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4125:
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1999:
1511:
485:
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9047:
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Some observers have noted the evolution in the rules of jihad—from the original "classical" doctrine to that of 21st-century
3111:
372:
7370:
3214:
An explanation for jihadist willingness to kill civilians and self-professed Muslims on the grounds that they were actually
10688:
8529:
6927:, 29–57. "Gibb rightly could conclude that one effect of the renewed emphasis in the nineteenth century on the Qur'an and
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2004:
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2783:, an organization which seeks to replace the government with an Islamic state that would reflect Qutb's ideas about the
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1940:
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6707:
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5914:
5885:(2011). "Jihadist Globalism versus Imperial Globalism: The Great Ideological Struggle of the Twenty-First Century?".
5703:
5658:
5149:
4933:
4827:
4756:
2510:: "Islamism the desire to impose any version of Islam over any society. Jihadism is the attempt to do so by force."
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550:
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by first destroying "vital economic and strategic targets" and terrifying the enemy with cruelty to break its will.
2734:
10471:
10379:
5448:
4033:. Saudi Arabia also supported various Jihadist factions against the Assad regime, viewing the fight as part of its
3823:
3640:
3430:, "whose discretion over its conduct was all but absolute." (This was designed in part to avoid incidents like the
3135:
1935:
150:
8944:
Käsehage, Nina (2021). "Towards a Covid-Jihad – Millennialism in the field of Jihadism". In Käsehage, Nina (ed.).
7845:
7773:
5048:"Radicalism and Enantiodromia: A Trialectic of Modernity, Post-modernity, and Anti-modernity in the Islamic World"
3320:
According to Shadi Hamid and Rashid Dar, jihadism is driven by the idea that jihad is an "individual obligation" (
2353:. It was first used by the Indian and Pakistani mass media, and by French academics who used the more exact term "
10693:
10573:
10275:
9651:
7541:
3968:
3916:
3833:
3488:
3125:
2494:
2196:
1930:
1925:
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9636:
9539:
9389:
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7597:
6820:
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4543:
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2555:) developed by jihadi-Salafist legal authorities, whose legal writings are shared and spread via the Internet.
2061:
1994:
1830:
1642:
677:
8274:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112, USA: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 45–46, 179, 185–195.
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9270:
7908:
6666:
5887:
The Rise of the Global Imaginary: Political Ideologies from the French Revolution to the Global War on Terror
1366:
421:
7877:
5515:
Pokalova, Elena (2020). "Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq: Aberration from History or History Repeated?".
5407:
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1406:
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8457:
8418:
8379:
8334:
8295:
8213:
8174:
8135:
6898:
4544:"CTC-ICT Focus on Israel: In Word and Deed? Global Jihad and the Threat to Israel and the Jewish Community"
3855:
3171:
2841:
1920:
453:
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2162:
Modern jihadism mostly has its roots in the late 19th- and early 20th-century ideological developments of
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1982:
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500:
327:
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Terrorism, Political Violence, and Extremism: New Psychology to Understand, Face, and Defuse the Threat
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4335:
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3055:
3012:
2861:(the pre-Islamic age of ignorance) because those who call themselves Muslims have failed to follow the
2413:
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and related Islamist ideologies during the 20th and 21st centuries. The jihadist ideologues envisioned
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540:
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347:
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started allying with al-Qaeda in their common fight against the United States. Iraq War journalist
3819:
3684:
3145:
2530:
567:
367:
17:
8313:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112, USA: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 188–192.
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4499:
3283:. One example is Syria, where there have been thousands of foreign Muslim fighters engaged in the
2591:
9749:
9661:
9656:
9616:
9546:
6917:
In the Path of Allah: The Passion of al-Hajj ʻUmar: an essay into the nature of charisma in Islam
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5934:
5898:
5650:
5588:
4416:
Mendelsohn, Barak (21 March 2024). Cruickshank, Paul; Hummel, Kristina; Morgan, Caroline (eds.).
3296:) as more dominant, even among extremist Shia groups. For clarity, they suggest use of the term "
3207:
2988:, etc.) view it as a struggle for the expansion of Islam and the realization of Islamic ideals."
1553:
162:
9774:
8836:"Jihadism and Far-Right Extremism: Shared Attributes With Regard to Violence Spectacularisation"
8153:. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 181–205.
7302:
7244:
5274:
Milton, Daniel; Perlinger, Arie (11 November 2016). Cruickshank, Paul; Hummel, Kristina (eds.).
3559:
describes it as a "theological playbook used to justify the group's abhorrent acts". He states:
2693:
to hold that position. The Kharijites broke away from both the Shīʿas and the Sunnīs during the
2549:, jihadist individuals and networks resort to the nonbinding genre of Islamic legal literature (
1293:
10190:
9904:
9829:
9686:
9596:
9534:
9352:
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8114:. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 43–133.
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6504:
4732:
4668:"Modern Extremist Groups and the Division of the World: A Critique from an Islamic Perspective"
4115:
4004:
3737:
3683:
emerged as the uncontested leader of the Ba'ath party and the state in 1970, and established a
3569:
3508:
Islamic theologian Abu Abdullah al-Muhajir has been identified as one of the key theorists and
3493:
3000:
2780:
2697:(the first Islamic Civil War); they were particularly noted for adopting a radical approach to
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382:
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in the Islamic tradition, while many Western writers favor the opposite view. Today, the word
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9759:
9556:
9295:
8484:. The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 30–31.
8436:. The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 68–73.
8397:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112, USA: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 191.
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has meant conquest and conversion in the classical Islamic interpretation, usually excepting
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7245:"Theaters of Coercion: Review of 'Children of Paradise: The Struggle for the Soul of Iran'"
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5642:
5570:
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5235:
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4744:
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4385:. Western media have tended to refer to Jihadism as a military movement which is rooted in
3513:
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3020:
2977:
2350:
1870:
1411:
1205:
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of 1979 to 1989 reinforced the rise of jihadism, which has been propagated during various
1313:
8:
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10578:
10463:
10013:
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9420:
9131:
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6877:. 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE: Imperial College Press. p. 77.
6384:. Routledge Studies on Challenges, Crises, and Dissent in World Politics (1st ed.).
6333:
6181:
6058:"The YouTube Jihadists: A Social Network Analysis of Al-Muhajiroun's Propaganda Campaign"
5141:
4861:. Routledge Studies on Challenges, Crises, and Dissent in World Politics (1st ed.).
4211:
2840:), which lead to his execution by the Egyptian government. Other Salafi movements in the
2768:
2349:
The term "jihadism" has been in use since the 1990s, more widely in the aftermath of the
2288:("exerting"/"striving"/"struggling") is fundamental to Islam and has multiple uses, with
2180:
2021:
1578:
1548:
779:
725:
621:
255:
155:
38:
9139:
8917:
Saudi Arabia in Transition: Insights on Social, Political, Economic and Religious Change
8192:. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 13–50.
5834:
5083:
5009:"What do we know about the Islamic Radicalism: A meta-analysis of academic publications"
3210:
in Iraq and Syria (in grey), at the time of its greatest territorial extent in May 2015.
69:
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The Place of Tolerance in Islam by Khaled Abou El Fadl The Place of Tolerance in Islam
7017:
The Place of Tolerance in Islam by Khaled Abou El Fadl The Place of Tolerance in Islam
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Crusade and Jihad: The Thousand-Year War Between the Muslim World and the Global North
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dominance and clan favoritism led to rising resentment and eventually resulted in the
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played a major role in the spread of uprisings across all Syrian cities and declared
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behind modern jihadist violence. His theological and legal justifications influenced
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37:"Revolutionary Islamism" redirects here. For the 2003 book by Carlos the Jackal, see
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2545:, which was the first to report on the phenomenon in 2010. To justify their acts of
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Territorial presence of jihadist groups and overview of the situation in each region
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2703:(excommunication), whereby they declared both Sunnī and Shīʿa Muslims to be either
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with defensive warfare. Much of the contemporary Muslim opinion considers internal
1945:
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7859:"Isis has reached new depths of depravity. But there is a brutal logic behind it"
7800:"Isis has reached new depths of depravity. But there is a brutal logic behind it"
7635:
Heaven on Earth: A Journey Through Shari'a Law from the Deserts of Ancient Arabia
7633:
7406:
Heaven on Earth: A Journey Through Shari'a Law from the Deserts of Ancient Arabia
7404:
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6492:
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4515:
4500:"Post-Jihadism: Libya and the Global Transformations of Armed Islamist Movements"
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The Concept of Belief in Islamic Theology: A Semantic Analysis of Imān and Islām
3345:
3255:) billed itself as a return to pristine, simple, straightforward Islam, not one
2811:. Moreover, Qutb's books have been frequently been cited by Osama bin Laden and
2139:
from the classical interpretation of Islam. It has also been applied to various
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7179:"Soldiers on both sides see the fight for Aleppo as a battle between jihadists"
6750:
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3491:, are thought to have been heavily influenced by a 2004 work on jihad entitled
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and the ideology of contemporary jihadism include the medieval Muslim thinkers
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94:
9147:
9005:
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Clarke, Colin (8 September 2021). Cruickshank, Paul; Hummel, Kristina (eds.).
5159:
4977:
4925:
4694:
4667:
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2962:, contemporary traditionalist Muslims "copy phrases of the classical works on
2642:, who extensively campaigned against non-Muslim nations in the name of jihad.
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9435:
9266:"To fight homegrown jihadis, Germany takes lesson from battle with neo-Nazis"
8854:
8835:
8480:
A. Gerges, Fawaz (2009). "Introduction: The Road to September 11 and After".
8432:
A. Gerges, Fawaz (2009). "Introduction: The Road to September 11 and After".
8071:
7536:
6915:
2005, p. 107 and note p. 197. John Ralph Willis, "Jihad Fi Sabil Allah", in:
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3864:, or resistance, with overtones of religious legitimacy; its fighters became
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560:
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70:
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Aging Early: Collapse of the Oasis of Liberties – Page 47, Mirza Aman – 2009
8395:
Counter Jihad: America's Military Experience in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria
8311:
Counter Jihad: America's Military Experience in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria
8272:
Counter Jihad: America's Military Experience in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria
6520:
5469:
5219:"Twenty Years After 9/11: What Is the Future of the Global Jihadi Movement?"
4374:'Jihadism' is a term that has been applied in Western languages to describe
3971:, many foreign Jihadists that coalesced under the transnational networks of
10568:
10008:
9948:
9894:
9874:
9809:
9469:
9457:
8977:
8007:
7967:
7486:
The Development of the Theological and Political Aspects of Jihadi-Salafism
6694:
5493:
5368:
5283:
5276:"From Cradle to Grave: The Lifecycle of Foreign Fighters in Iraq and Syria"
5226:
5131:
4905:
4551:
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4008:
3960:
3906:
3745:
3620:
3555:
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2499:
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2376:
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2184:
2081:
2044:
1960:
1614:
1595:
1471:
1456:
1396:
1278:
1085:
1070:
1029:
958:
929:
706:
662:
399:
131:
120:
4469:"Jihadism, Narrow and Wide: The Dangers of Loose Use of an Important Term"
3822:
led to the rise of jihadist networks in the region, which resulted in the
10547:
10542:
10323:
10111:
10085:
9859:
9844:
9834:
9712:
8692:
Dying for Faith: Religiously Motivated Violence in the Contemporary World
7240:
7210:"Syria's Other Foreign Fighters: Iran's Afghan and Pakistani Mercenaries"
6664:
6342:
New Religions: Emerging Faiths and Religious Cultures in the Modern World
5860:
5520:
5193:
5176:
Meleagrou-Hitchens, Alexander; Hughes, Seamus; Clifford, Bennett (2021).
5109:
4319:
4194:
3795:
3624:
3277:
3244:
3101:
3024:
3016:
2981:
2819:
2753:
2694:
2661:
2586:
2517:" is a term for the re-branding of militant jihadism as fashionable, or "
2410:
1558:
1446:
1431:
1318:
1242:
458:
416:
340:
8671:
Islam and Political Violence: Muslim Diaspora and Radicalism in the West
8393:
Glynn Williams, Brian (2017). "4: The Invasion and Occupation of Iraq".
8309:
Glynn Williams, Brian (2017). "4: The Invasion and Occupation of Iraq".
2970:"emphasize the defensive aspect of jihad, regarding it as tantamount to
1620:
10374:
10246:
10234:
10070:
9953:
9869:
9452:
9370:
9245:
Militant Islam: A Sociology of Characteristics, Causes and Consequences
7700:
The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and
6627:
5687:
5517:
Returning Islamist Foreign Fighters: Threats and Challenges to the West
5350:
4605:
4164:
3866:
3748:
and Jihadists made large inroads into regime-held territories in 2013.
3675:
over socio-economic marginalisation and anti-religious policies of the
3525:
3393:
3300:
instead. Yemen's Houthi rebels have often called for "jihad" to resist
3288:
3149:
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2665:
2657:
2653:
2534:
2514:
2177:
1860:
1691:
1528:
1308:
1080:
827:
463:
8796:. vol. 10 of Cass series on political violence, Taylor & Francis.
8149:
Lefevre, Raphael (2013). "9: Uprisings in Syria: Revenge on History".
3224:) is the vastly reduced influence of the traditional diverse class of
10040:
9981:
9963:
9889:
9611:
8949:
8764:
7593:
6751:"The Evolution of Al-Qaeda: Osama bin Laden and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi"
6457:
6393:
5848:
5337:
5097:
4870:
4396:
4331:
4204:
4026:
3942:
3938:
3860:
3803:
3616:
3612:
3509:
3502:
3479:), should not impede acts of jihad. Military and intelligent analyst
3252:
2893:
2857:
2855:) has been extinct for several centuries and it has also reverted to
2622:
2572:
2475:
2455:
2443:
2402:
2395:
2112:
2093:
1776:
1711:
1696:
1095:
892:
362:
8228:"Inside Jabhat al Nusra – the most extreme wing of Syria's struggle"
7826:"The calculated madness of the Islamic State's horrifying brutality"
7751:"The calculated madness of the Islamic State's horrifying brutality"
6166:
And God Knows the Martyrs: Martyrdom and Violence in Jihadi-Salafism
4399:
and no single, generally accepted meaning has been developed for it.
3062:." It served to produce foot soldiers, leadership and organization.
10260:
10139:
9671:
9524:
9360:
9340:
6349:
6162:"A Jihadi-Salafi Legal Tradition? Debating Authority and Martyrdom"
4375:
4226:
4147:
4025:
against the Syrian government and allied Iranian proxies, accusing
3972:
3956:
3955:
volunteers were recruited from various countries, including Egypt,
3799:
3765:
3700:
3692:
3472:
3443:
3431:
3072:
3047:
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in modern international law; and the contemporary fundamentalists (
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2800:
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2682:
2612:
2507:
2463:
2406:
2269:
2122:
2119:
2097:
1820:
1762:
1075:
817:
759:
640:
354:
288:
8188:
Harris, William (2018). "1: The War Zone Takes Shape: 2011-2014".
6546:
6475:
6411:
6199:
5674:
Peters, Rudolph (2015) . "The Doctrine of Jihad in Modern Islam".
4888:
4774:
4361:
2438:. The term "jihadist globalism" is also often used in relation to
2398:, which is framed as a regional project against a specific enemy.
2191:". The Islamist volunteer organisations which participated in the
10217:
10161:
10045:
9717:
9601:
9405:
9365:
8003:"The core Isis manual that twisted Islam to legitimise barbarity"
7963:"Abu Abdullah al-Muhajir: The Obscure Theologian Who Shaped ISIS"
6665:
Scott Shane; Souad Mekhennet & Robert F. Worth (8 May 2010).
6592:"Conspiratorial Narratives in Violent Political Actors' Language"
4140:
4135:
3924:
3818:. Resentment amongst Sunnis over their marginalization after the
3463:
3328:
3309:
3256:
3115:
3075:, creating a "transnational jihadist stream." Some examples are:
2883:
2869:
2788:
2712:
2618:
2486:
2368:
2342:
2274:
2167:
1808:
1767:
1060:
822:
505:
182:
5175:
4962:"Something Old, Something New…? Al Qaeda, Jihadism, and Fascism"
4541:
3744:. Foreign volunteers began entering Syria in 2012 to topple the
2257:
2129:
individuals and organizations whose ideologies are based on the
55:
9479:
9188:
Salafist-Takfiri Jihadism: the Ideology of the Caucasus Emirate
8622:
Salafist-Takfiri Jihadism: the Ideology of the Caucasus Emirate
7334:
Embassy of Yemen in Washington, DC. Salem Bahfi. September 2020
7332:
Understanding the Houthi Ideology and its Consequences on Yemen
6980:
Fairfield, Hannah; Wallace, Tim; Watkins, Derek (21 May 2015).
6929:
6508:
6449:
6385:
6169:
6129:"Terrorists go 'Jihad Cool,' use rap to entice young Americans"
5890:
5683:
5679:
5584:
5185:
4862:
4681:
4617:
4613:
4059:
3928:
3782:
3603:
3468:
3439:
3427:
3409:
3355:
3350:
3260:
3220:
3068:
2928:
2862:
2756:, an Egyptian Islamist ideologue and a prominent leader of the
2699:
2340:
is often used without religious connotations, like the English
2188:
1701:
981:
879:
525:
515:
304:
272:
264:
249:
243:
127:
8254:
Israel: Iraq Aids Palestinian Terror, But No Links to Al Qaeda
8089:. USA: International Business Publications. 2011. p. 59.
6727:"Out of the Shadows: Getting ahead of prisoner radicalization"
5676:
Islam and Colonialism: The Doctrine of Jihad in Modern History
5323:"Foreign (Terrorist) Fighters with IS: A European Perspective"
3915:
in the 1980s, Muslims across the world were encouraged by the
3520:, as well as several other jihadi terrorist groups, including
10369:
10200:
9606:
9501:
9485:
9203:
Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-first Century
6238:
5013:
resistance of Afghan Mujahideen against the Soviet invasion..
4792:
4790:
4391:
4021:
3949:
with money, equipment and training. Hundreds of thousands of
3933:
3920:
3872:
3726:
3709:
3671:
3476:
3405:
3226:
2992:
2874:
2704:
2674:
2583:
International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region
2551:
2471:
2431:
2422:
2372:
2363:
2284:
2252:
2172:
2135:
2130:
1686:
1000:
988:
940:
774:
667:
545:
236:
194:
187:
110:
102:
31:
8592:"In Iraq and Syria, a resurgence of foreign suicide bombers"
6442:"Sayyid Qutb: Founder of Radical Islamic Political Ideology"
5994:"Jihad is Cool: Jihadist Magazines Recruit Young Terrorists"
9309:
8888:
Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979
8867:
Jihadi Terrorism and the Radicalisation Challenge in Europe
8813:
The Devolution of Jihadism: From Al Qaeda to Wider Movement
7909:"The Kingdom and the Caliphate: Duel of the Islamic States"
7493:
3764:
As early as the 1980s, Saudi Arabian jihadist militant and
3725:
was a major Islamist organisation that participated in the
3521:
3322:
3251:. The version of Islam being propagated (Saudi doctrine of
3232:
2963:
2632:
2489:
reject jihadi views of Islam. Furthermore, as the cases of
296:
204:
7726:
Knowing the Enemy: Jihadist Ideology and the War on Terror
6850:
Knowing the Enemy: Jihadist Ideology and the War on Terror
4819:
Jihadism: Past and Present - Nirode Mohanty - Google Books
4787:
4612:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 21.
3581:
also discusses the al Muhajir-inspired text in his essay,
9017:
Inside Jihadism: Understanding Jihadi Movements Worldwide
7961:
al-Saud, Abdullah K.; Winter, Charlie (4 December 2016).
6734:
2689:
is the true successor to Muhammad, while Sunnīs consider
2686:
2542:
2538:
30:"Jihadist" redirects here. For the Islamic doctrine, see
7135:
The guardians of the Islamic tradition were the jurists.
7044:
The guardians of the Islamic tradition were the jurists.
6590:
Baele, Stephane J. (October 2019). Giles, Howard (ed.).
3312:, is closer to Sunni in theology than other Shi'a sect.
2795:
who seek to overthrow secular governments, most notably
2502:, founder and chairman of the anti-extremism think tank
8190:
Quicksilver War: Syria, Iraq and the Spiral of Conflict
7345:"Inside War-Torn Yemen as Civilians Fight for Survival"
7238:
6979:
6691:
Robert Irwin, "Is this the man who inspired Bin Laden?"
6667:"Imam's Path From Condemning Terror to Preaching Jihad"
6332:
6241:: Keio Institute of Cultural and Linguistic Studies at
5620:
5618:
9288:"Jihadism in South Asia: A militant landscape in flux"
8087:
Islamic International Law and Jihad (War) Law Handbook
7496:: Swedish South Asian Studies Network (SASNET) at the
6382:
Violent Non-State Actors: From Anarchists to Jihadists
4859:
Violent Non-State Actors: From Anarchists to Jihadists
5940:
5267:
4811:
4809:
3870:, holy warriors; they proclaimed their mission to be
3627:
as well as all types of non-Muslim political orders.
3549:
s journalist Mark Towsend, citing Salah al-Ansari of
3438:, since they deemed that he was no longer a Muslim).
2872:
or even bracing oneself for death in preparation for
2382:
David Romano, researcher of political science at the
67:
about the last 30 years and its relation to the West.
8650:
Islamic Political Radicalism: A European Perspective
7498:
Center for Middle Eastern Studies at Lund University
5615:
5046:
Hekmatpour, Peyman; Burns, Thomas (14 August 2018).
3836:
led to rise in support of jihadists and remnants of
9101:
The New Frontiers of Jihad: Radical Islam in Europe
8909:""Classical" and "Global" Jihadism in Saudi Arabia"
7170:
6658:
6497:"The Philosopher of the Muslim Revolt, Sayyid Qutb"
4537:
4535:
4533:
4418:"On the Horizon: The Future of the Jihadi Movement"
4411:
4409:
4407:
4381:that are perceived as existentially threatening to
4185:
International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism
4084:
International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism
3422:), which had to be discharged "in the way of God" (
2656:in the 7th century CE. The original schism between
2579:
International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism
2300:(external jihad), which is further subdivided into
2103:that are perceived as existentially threatening to
9014:
8810:
8530:"Egypt Brothers backs Syria jihad, slams Shi'ites"
7105:
7014:
6096:"Jihadi Cool: Terrorist Recruiters' Latest Weapon"
6093:
5788:. In John L. Esposito; Emad El-Din Shahin (eds.).
5783:
5084:"Civil War & the Current International System"
4806:
4328:The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements
4039:Sunnī jihadist foreign fighters converged on Syria
3607:(Islamic law), Jihadists are opposed to all forms
3475:; and the killing of Muslim bystanders (nevermind
3031:authors such as Sayyid Qutb and Abul Ala Maududi.
2894:Islamic revivalism and Salafism (1990s to present)
2791:has been influential among jihadist movements and
8986:. Bloomsbury Revelations (5th ed.). London:
7956:
7954:
7952:
7950:
7948:
7717:
6852:. London: Yale University Press. pp. 17–18.
6435:
6433:
6431:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6423:
6421:
6328:
6326:
6126:
5321:Schmid, Alex P.; Tinnes, Judith (December 2015).
5171:
5169:
5140:. Bloomsbury Revelations (5th ed.). London:
4666:Badara, Mohamed; Nagata, Masaki (November 2017).
4595:
4593:
4591:
4589:
3467:(martyrdom) and it brings you a special place in
3027:in Sudan, and notably in the mid-20th century by
10680:
8919:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 207–228.
8915:; Hegghammer, Thomas; Lacroix, Stéphane (eds.).
8735:Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice
7765:
7697:Edwards, Richard; Zuhur, Sherifa (12 May 2008).
7571:
6708:Paul Berman, "The Philosopher of Islamic Terror"
6371:
6369:
6231:): The Khārijites and the origin of the problem"
5744:
5742:
5408:"Where Are ISIS's Foreign Fighters Coming From?"
4848:
4846:
4530:
4404:
3752:was one of the largest Jihadist factions in the
2627:The term “jihadism” has been applied to various
2485:Barak Mendelsohn, "the overwhelming majority of
9061:Jihadism: Online Discourses and Representations
8946:Religious Fundamentalism in the Age of Pandemic
8761:Religious Fundamentalism in the Age of Pandemic
8558:
8085:"Important Research and Analytical Materials".
7742:
7439:"Understanding History's Seven Stages of Jihad"
7267:
7208:Heistein, Ari; West, James (20 November 2015).
6559:
6295:"The Balance of Islam in Challenging Extremism"
6022:
5563:
5444:
5273:
5045:
4908:(2009). "Islam Subverted? Jihad as Terrorism".
2882:government/society, and the overthrow of them.
2278:in white script centered on a black background.
10138:
8589:
8518:Withdrawing Under Fire, Joshua L. Gleis – 2011
8392:
8308:
8269:
8151:Ashes of Hama: The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria
8112:Ashes of Hama: The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria
8032:
8030:
7945:
7627:
7625:
7478:
7476:
7474:
7472:
7470:
7468:
7466:
7464:
7398:
7396:
7394:
7392:
7201:
6802:
6418:
6323:
6268:"Another battle with Islam's 'true believers'"
6217:
6215:
6213:
6211:
6209:
5726:
5166:
4586:
2767:during the 1960s. When he was executed by the
2749:promoted the overthrow of secular governments.
2215:of the 1990s. Jihadism with an international,
9325:
9192:International Institute for Counter-Terrorism
8833:
8633:International Institute for Counter-Terrorism
7960:
7728:. London: Yale University Press. p. 42.
7432:
7430:
7362:
7148:"The war against jihadists. Unsavoury allies"
7140:
7099:
7097:
7095:
6872:
6812:Jihad in Classical and Modern Islam: A Reader
6366:
6055:
5991:
5739:
4900:
4898:
4843:
4737:"Radical Islam and Contemporary Jihad Theory"
4661:
4659:
4175:Violence against Muslims in independent India
3993:Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war
3729:. The uprisings were brutally crushed in the
3239:Into this vacuum of religious authority came
2760:in Egypt, was an influential promoter of the
2367:as an armed political struggle to overthrow "
2227:, some Muslim volunteers that came both from
2062:
1643:
726:
9263:
9012:
8354:. 18 West 18th Street, New York 10011, USA:
7996:
7994:
7992:
7990:
7846:"The ISIS' 'Management of Savagery' in Iraq"
7774:"The ISIS' 'Management of Savagery' in Iraq"
7696:
7371:"Islamism, Salafism, and jihadism: A primer"
7207:
7103:
7012:
6487:
6485:
5958:
5781:
5320:
4665:
3772:delivered sermons attacking Iraqi president
3583:Terrorism, Political Violence, and Extremism
2272:since the late 1990s, which consists of the
1213:Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam
8527:
8027:
7656:
7622:
7461:
7389:
7232:
6973:
6933:in Muslim fundamentalism was to restore to
6206:
5210:
4959:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4713:
3989:Iranian involvement in the Syrian civil war
3931:and various pro-Western Arab nations for a
3243:, funded by tens of billions of dollars of
3015:, alongside the modern Islamist ideologues
2401:"Jihadism" has been defined otherwise as a
10513:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
9332:
9318:
9082:New Approaches to the Analysis of Jihadism
8906:
8885:
8689:
8668:
7924:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
7427:
7369:Hamid, Shadi; Dar, Rashid (15 July 2016).
7092:
7006:
6748:
6583:
5952:
5729:Sharī'a: Theory, Practice, Transformations
5569:
5342:International Centre for Counter-Terrorism
5006:
4895:
4656:
4599:
4415:
4029:of launching a "sectarian war" by backing
3982:
3816:Saddam Hussein of having links to al-Qaeda
3806:are infidels wherever they are”. In 2003,
3794:" that pursued hegemonic ambitions in the
3597:As part of their commitment to restore an
2506:, defines jihadism as a violent subset of
2176:as a "revolutionary struggle" against the
2069:
2055:
1650:
1636:
733:
719:
41:. For Islam and socialist revolution, see
9242:
8957:
8853:
8772:
8758:
8561:"Saudis Back Syrian Rebels Despite Risks"
8479:
8431:
7987:
7723:
6847:
6815:. Princeton: Marcus Wiener. p. 150.
6626:
6616:
6600:Journal of Language and Social Psychology
6482:
6439:
5907:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286942.003.0007
5835:"Transnational Jihadism & Civil Wars"
5790:The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics
5777:
5775:
5720:
5367:
5349:
4693:
4629:
4310:
4261:(Harvard: Harvard University Press, 2002)
3786:in Islamic jurisprudence), and denounced
2851:According to Qutb, the Muslim community (
2848:adopted many of his Islamist principles.
2672:to the guidance of the Muslim community (
2498:of delegitimising terms like "deviants".
2318:followers of other monotheistic religions
2223:. Studies show that with the rise of the
1507:Liberal and reform movements within Islam
9164:
9098:
8943:
8864:
8791:
8000:
7902:
7900:
7898:
7869:
7577:
7368:
6503:. The Henry L. Stimson Lectures Series.
5961:"Admit It: These Terrorists Are Muslims"
5946:
5832:
5514:
4710:
4466:
4316:""Jihadism" as a new religious movement"
4303:
3879:
3733:which resulted in 20,000-40,000 deaths.
3426:), and it could only be directed by the
3344:
3198:
3023:in North Africa at that time, as in the
2938:
2907:
2733:
2590:
2256:
2080:
9642:Justice and Development Party (Morocco)
9221:
9200:
9079:
9058:
8948:. Religionswissenschaft. Vol. 21.
8767:: Transcript Verlag. pp. 107–148.
8763:. Religionswissenschaft. Vol. 21.
8148:
8109:
7049:
6964:
6949:
6771:Qutbism: An Ideology of Islamic-Fascism
6375:
5581:Oxford Bibliographies – Islamic Studies
4955:
4953:
4910:Partisans of Allah: Jihad in South Asia
4852:
4815:
4610:Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements
4126:Jihadist extremism in the United States
3516:, al-Qaeda member and former leader of
3276:is almost exclusively used to describe
2000:Jihadist extremism in the United States
14:
10681:
9647:Justice and Development Party (Turkey)
9185:
9037:
8952:: Transcript Verlag. pp. 81–106.
8731:
8602:from the original on 24 September 2015
8540:from the original on 24 September 2015
8347:
8187:
7906:
7875:
7856:
7843:
7797:
7771:
7666:The Assassins, a radical sect in Islam
7482:
7313:from the original on 19 September 2018
6808:
6336:; Willsky-Ciollo, Lydia, eds. (2021).
6221:
6159:
6089:
6087:
5881:
5798:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195395891.013.003
5772:
5678:. Religion and Society. Vol. 20.
5673:
5636:
5624:
5405:
5216:
5081:
4960:A. Charters, David (6 February 2007).
4574:from the original on 20 September 2023
4497:
3699:. The "Islamic Front", a coalition of
3637:Islamic Uprisings in Syria (1976-1982)
3416:); instead it was a "collective one" (
2379:to governance by Islamic principles."
10405:
10137:
10102:International propagation of Salafism
9921:
9313:
9285:
9119:
9040:The Jihadis' Path to Self-destruction
8976:
8710:
8647:
8036:
7895:
7823:
7748:
7662:
7631:
7535:
7517:from the original on 10 February 2021
7436:
7402:
7274:
7176:
7055:
6684:
6589:
6446:Routledge Handbook of Political Islam
6292:
6141:from the original on 3 September 2014
5853:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
5814:from the original on 15 February 2017
5387:from the original on 25 November 2020
5249:from the original on 8 September 2021
5130:
5102:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
5007:Hekmatpour, Peyman (1 January 2018).
4904:
4816:Mohanty, Nirode (15 September 2018).
3687:centered around sectarian loyalty to
3340:
10206:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
9205:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
9167:Understanding Violent Radicalisation
8794:Global jihadism: theory and practice
8482:The Far Enemy: Why Jihad Went Global
8434:The Far Enemy: Why Jihad Went Global
8351:The Assassins' Gate: America in Iraq
7377:from the original on 12 October 2016
7255:from the original on 14 October 2016
7220:from the original on 11 October 2016
7189:from the original on 11 October 2016
6967:The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia
6952:The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia
6829:from the original on 18 October 2015
6491:
6265:
5760:from the original on 3 December 2016
5637:Peters, Rudolph (2005). "Jihad". In
5426:from the original on 23 October 2020
5420:National Bureau of Economic Research
4950:
4731:
3896:
3630:
3193:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
3186:Al-Nusra Front to Protect the Levant
2668:among Muslims was disputed over the
49:
9922:
9416:Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists
9042:. C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd.
8983:Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam
7772:Crooke, Alastair (30 August 2014).
7437:Gorka, Sebastian (3 October 2009).
7283:from the original on 28 August 2016
7158:from the original on 26 August 2016
7059:Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam
6108:from the original on 6 October 2014
6094:Dina Temple-Raston (6 March 2010).
6084:
6072:from the original on 26 August 2014
6037:from the original on 23 August 2014
5931:Globalization: A Short Introduction
5792:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5735:(Kindle edition). pp. 334–338.
5137:Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam
4259:Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam
3965:overthrowal of the communist regime
1901:Insurgency in the Maghreb and Sahel
1826:Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine
24:
8559:Robert F. Worth (7 January 2014).
7933:from the original on 28 March 2016
7857:Hassan, Hassan (8 February 2015).
7824:McCoy, Terrence (12 August 2014).
7798:Hassan, Hassan (8 February 2015).
7749:McCoy, Terrence (12 August 2014).
6182:10.1093/oso/9780190092153.003.0002
6127:Cheryl K. Chumley (27 June 2014).
5630:
4448:from the original on 25 March 2024
4160:List of Islamist terrorist attacks
3892:leaders in the Oval Office in 1983
2670:political and religious succession
2446:ideology, and more broadly to the
2017:Foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq
1941:Moro insurgency in the Philippines
1225:Principles of State and Government
1201:The Caliphate or the Grand Imamate
25:
10735:
10518:Popular Arab and Islamic Congress
9279:
8234:from the original on 4 April 2018
7975:from the original on 12 June 2018
7907:Bunzel, Cole (18 February 2016).
7876:Wright, Lawrence (16 June 2014).
7844:Crooke, Alastair (30 June 2014).
7590:War and Peace in the Law of Islam
7277:"Foreign Shia jihadists in Syria"
7275:Smyth, Phillip (2 October 2013).
6025:"9 Disturbingly Good Jihadi Raps"
6023:J. Dana Stuster (29 April 2013).
5973:from the original on 25 June 2017
5603:from the original on 29 June 2016
5302:from the original on 18 June 2020
4058:, a self-declared proto-state in
3854:"The Iraq War proved some of the
3570:committing suicide to kill people
3259:among many, and not interpreting
2606:
2481:According to the Jewish-American
2450:. The Austrian-American academic
1150:List of Islamic political parties
10406:
9286:Zahid, Farhan (8 January 2020).
8614:
8583:
8571:from the original on 19 May 2017
8552:
8521:
8512:
8473:
8464:
8425:
8386:
8341:
8302:
8263:
8246:
8220:
8181:
8142:
8103:
8078:
8015:from the original on 9 June 2018
7878:"ISIS's Savage Strategy in Iraq"
7076:from the original on 14 May 2016
6994:from the original on 23 May 2015
6873:Haniff Hassan, Muhammad (2014).
6444:. In Akbarzadeh, Shahram (ed.).
5449:The British Journal of Sociology
4966:Terrorism and Political Violence
4504:Terrorism and Political Violence
4007:, the popular rebellion against
3999:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
3434:'s jihad against and killing of
3136:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
2878:against what he perceived was a
2844:and Salafi movements across the
2434:and those that they perceive as
2418:ideologically motivated violence
2199:throughout the 1990s and 2000s.
2111:and has been applied to various
2038:
1988:Islamic terrorism in the Balkans
1936:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1619:
1608:
700:
109:
54:
10574:Contemporary Islamic philosophy
9264:de Pommereau, Isabelle (2015).
7817:
7791:
7690:
7669:. Basic Books. p. xi–xii.
7542:The Political Language of Islam
7529:
7337:
7325:
7295:
7177:Bulos, Nabih (17 August 2016).
6958:
6943:
6913:Jihad in Modern Terms: A Reader
6905:
6866:
6841:
6789:
6764:
6742:
6719:
6701:
6553:
6286:
6259:
6153:
6120:
6049:
6016:
5992:Steve Emerson (15 April 2013).
5985:
5923:
5875:
5826:
5667:
5557:
5508:
5438:
5399:
5314:
5261:
5124:
5075:
5039:
5000:
4284:
4274:
4264:
4245:Gilles Kepel used the variants
4239:
3824:al-Qaeda led insurgency in Iraq
3721:(The Fighting Vanguard) led by
3691:. The increasing visibility of
3662:which transformed Syria into a
3489:Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
3126:East Turkestan Islamic Movement
2166:, which further developed into
1931:Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
1926:East Turkestan Islamic Movement
10508:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
9637:Justice and Construction Party
9080:Lohlker, Rüdiger, ed. (2012).
9059:Lohlker, Rüdiger, ed. (2013).
8890:. Cambridge University Press.
8652:. Edinburgh University Press.
8270:Glynn Williams, Brian (2017).
8001:Townsend, Mark (13 May 2018).
7598:Johns Hopkins University Press
7087:even fewer revolutionary ones.
6969:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 156, 7.
6799:15, no. 2 (2017): pp. 108-109)
5649:. Vol. 7 (2nd ed.).
5597:10.1093/obo/9780195390155-0045
4781:
4749:University of California Press
4491:
4460:
4035:wider proxy conflict with Iran
3903:Soviet invasion in Afghanistan
3697:Islamic uprisings of 1976-1982
3658:rule developed soon after the
3532:and referred to in English as
2999:who had profound influence on
2966:" in their writings on jihad;
2460:University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
2332:to have primacy over external
2312:(warfare). The latter form of
2246:
1995:Islamism in the United Kingdom
1961:Arab mujahideen in Afghanistan
1802:Notable jihadist organisations
13:
1:
10579:Islamic response to modernity
9271:The Christian Science Monitor
9013:Khosrokhavar, Farhad (2009).
8834:Brzuszkiewicz, Sarah (2020).
8641:
8590:Mark Hosenball (1 May 2014).
8042:"The Psychology of Terrorism"
7303:"Are Shia Militias Jihadist?"
7104:Abou El Fadl, Khaled (2002).
7013:Abou El Fadl, Khaled (2002).
5959:Maajid Nawaz (14 June 2016).
4389:. 'Jihadism,' like the word
4344:10.1017/CCOL9780521196505.018
4297:
4170:Religious fanaticism in Islam
4011:transformed into a sectarian
3267:
2719:), and therefore deemed them
2521:", to younger people through
2296:against evil in oneself, and
1367:Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani
9339:
8925:10.1017/CBO9781139047586.014
8669:Akbarzadeh, Shahram (2010).
8528:Maggie Fick (14 June 2013).
7600:. p. 60. Archived from
6440:Moussalli, Ahmad S. (2012).
6274:. The Globe and Mail Opinion
6266:Khan, Sheema (12 May 2018).
4822:. Rowman & Littlefield.
4516:10.1080/09546553.2011.560218
3713:(holy war) to overthrow the
3641:Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)
3592:
3172:Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
2920:in 2002 displays the phrase
2842:Middle East and North Africa
2773:regime of Gamal Abdel Nasser
2375:allies, and thus to restore
1921:Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
27:Islamist movements for jihad
7:
10689:Islam-related controversies
10182:Militant Islamism based in
9825:Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi
9243:Vertigans, Stephen (2007).
9103:. I B Tauris & Co Ltd.
9084:. Vienna University Press.
9063:. Vienna University Press.
8907:Hegghammer, Thomas (2015).
8886:Hegghammer, Thomas (2010).
8694:. I B Tauris & Co Ltd.
8690:Al-Rasheed, Madawi (2009).
8673:. I B Tauris & Co Ltd.
7547:University of Chicago Press
7062:. I.B. Tauris. p. 51.
4044:
3798:. According to bin Laden's
3589:a valid means of solution.
3485:Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad
3353:flag, with the top saying "
3302:Saudi Arabia's intervention
3140:Arab Mujahideen in Chechnya
3046:paired with the origins of
3013:Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab
2541:than Mosque", according to
2533:, and other means. It is a
2525:, social media, magazines,
2306:(debate or persuasion) and
1983:Islamic terrorism in Europe
1841:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan
1831:Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad
1161:Militant Islamism based in
284:("Stories of the Prophets")
10:
10740:
10636:Political aspects of Islam
10036:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
9622:Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami
8959:10.14361/9783839454855-004
8774:10.14361/9783839454855-005
8740:Princeton University Press
8054:Greenwood Publishing Group
7443:Combating Terrorism Center
6954:. I.B.Tauris. p. 174.
6780:by Dale C. Eikmeier. From
6160:French, Nathan S. (2020).
5733:Cambridge University Press
5462:London School of Economics
5293:Combating Terrorism Center
5240:Combating Terrorism Center
5182:Homegrown: ISIS in America
4855:"The Jihadists after 9/11"
4799:The End of the Jihad State
4565:Combating Terrorism Center
4498:Ashour, Omar (July 2011).
4439:Combating Terrorism Center
4336:Cambridge University Press
4003:After the outbreak of the
3996:
3986:
3900:
3634:
3538:The Jurisprudence of Blood
3534:The Jurisprudence of Jihad
3375:", and the bottom saying "
3315:
3287:, for example, non-Syrian
3122:East Turkestan irredentism
3056:Mohammed Abdul-Salam Farag
2897:
2828:In the shade of the Qurʾān
2652:with the emergence of the
2616:
2610:
2576:
2562:
2558:
2371:" regimes, to expel their
2324:generally equate military
2322:modernist Islamic scholars
2250:
2005:Foreign fighters in Bosnia
1896:Insurgency in Cabo Delgado
1477:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
1145:Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan
36:
29:
10657:
10623:
10592:
10556:
10493:Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization
10483:
10416:
10412:
10401:
10347:
10286:
10175:
10154:
10150:
10133:
10094:
10051:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i
10026:
9972:
9941:
9934:
9930:
9917:
9735:
9705:
9592:Freedom and Justice Party
9582:
9517:
9510:
9398:
9351:
9347:
9165:Ranstorp, Magnus (2009).
9148:10.1080/14747731003593463
9099:Pargeter, Alison (2008).
8792:Brachman, Jarret (2008).
8356:Farrar, Straus and Giroux
8110:Lefevre, Raphael (2013).
8050:Santa Barbara, California
7703:. ABC-CLIO. p. 553.
7373:. Brookings Institution.
7112:. Beacon Press. pp.
6786:, Spring 2007, pp. 85–98.
6346:Santa Barbara, California
6062:Perspectives on Terrorism
5833:Crenshaw, Martha (2017).
5696:10.1515/9783110824858.105
5533:10.1007/978-3-030-31478-1
5406:Picker, Les (June 2016).
5082:Fearon, James D. (2017).
4978:10.1080/09546550601054832
4926:10.4159/9780674039070-007
4695:10.1163/15730255-12314024
4631:10.1163/9789004435544_026
4473:Perspectives on Terrorism
3814:, after falsely accusing
3705:Syrian Muslim Brotherhood
3703:organizations led by the
3471:, not a special place in
3359:", the next line saying "
3156:Insurgency in the Maghreb
2830:) and his 1966 manifesto
2799:and Ayman al-Zawahiri of
2787:that he yearned for. The
2678:) after the death of the
2292:(internal jihad) meaning
2233:Muslim-majority countries
2209:Salafist form of jihadism
2207:has diagnosed a specific
1951:South Thailand insurgency
1782:International propagation
1591:Islam and other religions
1101:International propagation
840:International propagation
10704:Anti-communist terrorism
10467:(Izetbegović, 1969-1970)
10266:in the Arabian Peninsula
10107:Islamic religious police
9667:Prosperous Justice Party
9627:Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan
8855:10.1177/1781685820915972
8732:Bonner, Michael (2006).
8627:3 September 2014 at the
8504:: CS1 maint: location (
8456:: CS1 maint: location (
8417:: CS1 maint: location (
8378:: CS1 maint: location (
8333:: CS1 maint: location (
8294:: CS1 maint: location (
8212:: CS1 maint: location (
8173:: CS1 maint: location (
8134:: CS1 maint: location (
7724:R. Habeck, Mary (2006).
7663:Lewis, Bernard (2003) .
7021:. Beacon Press. p.
6897:: CS1 maint: location (
6848:R. Habeck, Mary (2006).
6809:Peters, Rudolph (1996).
6618:10.1177/0261927X19868494
6378:"The Jihadists pre-9/11"
6376:Aydınlı, Ersel (2018) .
5647:Encyclopedia of Religion
5416:Cambridge, Massachusetts
4996:– via tandfonline.
4918:Harvard University Press
4914:Cambridge, Massachusetts
4853:Aydınlı, Ersel (2018) .
4232:
3832:policy initiated by the
3820:fall of Ba'athist regime
3685:personalist dictatorship
3649:
3241:aggressive proselytizing
3146:Nigerian Sharia conflict
3112:Afghan internal conflict
2631:in history, such as the
2143:in history, such as the
1253:Governance of the Jurist
373:Medieval Islamic science
9750:Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī
9662:Malaysian Islamic Party
9657:National Iraqi Alliance
9617:Islamic Salvation Front
9547:Islamic Defenders Front
9222:Sanchez, James (2007).
9186:Rhodes, Darion (2014).
8348:Packer, George (2006).
7632:Kadri, Sadakat (2012).
7403:Kadri, Sadakat (2012).
6965:Commins, David (2009).
6950:Commins, David (2009).
6713:New York Times Magazine
6521:10.2307/j.ctv1bvnfdq.40
6174:Oxford University Press
5998:Family Security Matters
5935:Oxford University Press
5899:Oxford University Press
5727:Wael B. Hallaq (2009).
5651:Macmillan Reference USA
5589:Oxford University Press
5470:10.1111/1468-4446.12673
4467:Sedgwick, Mark (2015).
3983:Against Shīʿa Islamists
3759:
3566:literary corpus of ISIS
2361:... a central role to
2303:jihad of the pen/tongue
2219:scope is also known as
1357:Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī
10694:Islamic fundamentalism
10191:Egyptian Islamic Jihad
9905:Muhammad Rizieq Shihab
9830:Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani
9687:State of Law Coalition
9597:Green Algeria Alliance
9201:Sageman, Marc (2008).
9038:Lahoud, Nelly (2010).
8865:Coolsaet, Rik (2008).
7583:"5. Doctrine of Jihad"
7056:Kepel, Gilles (2006).
6056:Jytte Klausen (2012).
5063:Cite journal requires
5027:Cite journal requires
4767:10.1525/j.ctv1xxt55.10
4116:Islamic fundamentalism
4005:2011 Syrian Revolution
3969:dissolution of U.S.S.R
3893:
3878:
3780:(a procedure known as
3738:2011 Syrian Revolution
3654:Islamic opposition to
3577:Clinical psychologist
3575:
3494:Management of Savagery
3380:
3245:petroleum-export money
3211:
3001:Islamic fundamentalism
2947:
2936:
2781:Egyptian Islamic Jihad
2750:
2650:early history of Islam
2603:
2565:Islamic fundamentalism
2279:
2270:Islamist organizations
2153:early Muslim conquests
2086:
1754:Islamic fundamentalism
1680:Practices and concepts
1422:Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani
858:Islamic fundamentalism
383:Succession to Muhammad
65:is missing information
10294:Hibatullah Akhundzada
10117:Sufi–Salafi relations
9760:Hibatullah Akhundzada
9296:Middle East Institute
8648:Abbas, Tahir (2007).
7483:Ajjoub, Orwa (2021).
6513:Yale University Press
6293:Hasan, Usama (2012).
6101:National Public Radio
5782:David Romano (2013).
5573:(22 February 2018) .
5571:DeLong-Bas, Natana J.
4257:(p. 403) in his book
3997:Further information:
3883:
3852:
3808:United States invaded
3561:
3372:A curse upon the Jews
3348:
3327:) incumbent upon all
3202:
3166:Islamic State of Iraq
2942:
2911:
2737:
2617:Further information:
2594:
2577:Further information:
2260:
2235:traveled to join the
2084:
1891:Boko Haram insurgency
1851:Islamic State of Iraq
1495:Criticism of Islamism
1489:Criticism of Islamism
1407:Necip Fazıl Kısakürek
1334:Hibatullah Akhundzada
10719:Political neologisms
10533:September 11 attacks
10503:Grand Mosque seizure
10309:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
10304:Abdullah Yusuf Azzam
10066:Muhammad Al-Munajjid
9775:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
9692:Islamic Action Front
9294:. Washington, D.C.:
9132:Taylor & Francis
8711:Aslan, Reza (2010).
7922:. Washington, D.C.:
7642:. pp. 150–151.
7640:Macmillan Publishers
7413:. pp. 172–175.
7411:Macmillan Publishers
7309:. 20 December 2017.
7154:. 6 September 2014.
6515:. pp. 370–380.
6334:Gallagher, Eugene V.
5901:. pp. 213–248.
5861:10.1162/DAED_a_00459
5756:. 11 December 2014.
5690:. pp. 105–124.
5289:West Point, New York
5236:West Point, New York
5196:. pp. 111–148.
5144:. pp. 219–222.
5110:10.1162/DAED_a_00456
4972:. Routledge: 65–93.
4920:. pp. 239–301.
4873:. pp. 110–149.
4624:. pp. 485–512.
4561:West Point, New York
4435:West Point, New York
4338:. pp. 263–285.
3776:, condemning him as
3514:Abu Musab al-Zarqawi
3064:Abdullah Yusuf Azzam
3017:Muhammad Rashid Rida
2991:Some of the earlier
2723:for their perceived
2602:, Afghanistan (1987)
1976:Jihadism in the West
1871:Hayat Tahrir al-Sham
1294:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
1251:Islamic Government:
422:Association football
10724:Religious terrorism
10465:Islamic Declaration
10014:Young Kashgar Party
9140:2010Glob....7..173P
8988:Bloomsbury Academic
8260:, February 1, 2003.
8230:. 2 December 2012.
7971:. Washington, D.C.
7830:The Washington Post
7607:on 28 November 2015
6936:jihad fi sabilillah
6919:, Routledge, 1989,
6875:The Father of Jihad
6396:. pp. 65–109.
6172:and New York City:
5929:Steger, Manfred B.
5785:"Jihadists in Iraq"
5750:"What is jihadism?"
5330:ICCT Research Paper
5142:Bloomsbury Academic
4751:. pp. 93–127.
4741:Understanding Jihad
4212:Christian terrorism
3856:Bush administration
3847:The Assassins' Gate
3499:Idarat at-Tawahhush
3387:. According to the
3356:God is the greatest
2918:Caucasian jihadists
2916:reportedly used by
2769:Egyptian government
2483:political scientist
2268:as used by various
2181:international order
2022:Homegrown terrorism
1665:Part of a series on
1626:Politics portal
1579:Islam and modernity
1255:("Velayat-e faqih")
1237:Ma'alim fi al-Tariq
183:Profession of Faith
156:Day of Resurrection
39:Revolutionary Islam
10523:Algerian Civil War
10498:Iranian Revolution
10457:Islamic Government
10355:Islam and violence
10329:Juhayman al-Otaybi
10242:Sub-Saharan Africa
9987:Authenticity Party
9755:Qazi Hussain Ahmad
9562:Muslim Brotherhood
9411:Islamic governance
8817:. Stratfor. 2010.
7855: •
7842: •
7307:magazine.zenith.me
6987:The New York Times
6982:"How ISIS Expands"
6776:2007-06-09 at the
6698:(1 November 2001).
6671:The New York Times
6352:. pp. 13–15.
6302:Quiliam Foundation
6272:The Globe and Mail
6176:. pp. 36–69.
5883:Steger, Manfred B.
5641:; Jones, Lindsay;
5527:. pp. 11–58.
5525:Palgrave Macmillan
5351:10.19165/2015.1.08
4673:Arab Law Quarterly
4099:Islam and violence
4017:Muslim Brotherhood
3894:
3830:De-Ba'athification
3800:Islamist worldview
3731:1982 Hama massacre
3609:secular governance
3381:
3341:Evolution of jihad
3304:, even though the
3212:
3191:Syrian Civil War (
3106:Bosnian mujahideen
3096:Algerian Civil War
3029:Islamic revivalist
2968:Islamic modernists
2948:
2945:ISIL/ISIS/IS/Daesh
2937:
2824:Fī ẓilāl al-Qurʾān
2809:ISIL/ISIS/IS/Daesh
2793:Islamic terrorists
2758:Muslim Brotherhood
2751:
2687:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib
2648:dates back to the
2604:
2547:religious violence
2495:other Gulf regimes
2309:jihad of the sword
2280:
2262:Jihadist variation
2164:Islamic revivalism
2151:caliphates of the
2109:religious violence
2087:
2010:Bosnian mujahideen
1956:Taliban insurgency
1884:Jihadism in Africa
1524:Khaled Abu al-Fadl
1500:Criticism of Islam
1362:Qazi Hussain Ahmad
1180:Sub-Saharan Africa
1140:Muslim Brotherhood
1125:Iranian Revolution
1035:Islamic Golden Age
888:Islamic governance
10699:Islamic terrorism
10676:
10675:
10653:
10652:
10649:
10648:
10397:
10396:
10393:
10392:
10365:Islamic terrorism
10360:Islamic extremism
10339:Ayman al-Zawahiri
10334:Omar Abdel-Rahman
10140:Militant Islamism
10129:
10128:
10125:
10124:
10061:Rabee al-Madkhali
10022:
10021:
9913:
9912:
9880:Haji Shariatullah
9840:Yusuf al-Qaradawi
9820:Abul A'la Maududi
9815:Ruhollah Khomeini
9805:Alija Izetbegović
9790:Rached Ghannouchi
9780:Necmettin Erbakan
9737:Political leaders
9731:
9730:
9723:Islamic modernism
9652:National Congress
9584:Political parties
9497:Two-nation theory
9431:Islamic socialism
9421:Islamic democracy
9254:978-0-415-41246-9
9233:978-1-4303-1473-8
9212:978-0-8122-4065-8
9176:978-0-415-55630-9
9110:978-1-84511-391-9
9091:978-3-89971-900-0
9070:978-3-8471-0068-3
9049:978-1-84904-062-4
9028:978-1-59451-616-0
8969:978-3-8376-5485-1
8934:978-1-107-00629-4
8897:978-0-521-51858-1
8876:978-0-7546-7217-3
8824:978-1-4537-4664-6
8803:978-0-415-45241-0
8784:978-3-8376-5485-1
8722:978-3-639-25006-0
8701:978-1-84511-687-3
8680:978-1-84511-473-2
8659:978-0-7486-2528-4
8491:978-0-521-51935-9
8443:978-0-521-51935-9
8404:978-0-8122-4867-8
8365:978-0-374-53055-6
8320:978-0-8122-4867-8
8281:978-0-8122-4867-8
8160:978-0-19-933062-1
8121:978-0-19-933062-1
8096:978-1-4387-2472-0
7753:. Washington Post
7507:978-91-7895-772-9
7500:. pp. 1–28.
7249:Democracy Journal
7214:National Interest
7183:Los Angeles Times
6990:. New York City.
6925:978-0-7146-3252-0
6884:978-1-78326-287-8
6609:SAGE Publications
6566:The Looming Tower
6530:978-0-300-22290-6
6460:. pp. 9–26.
6403:978-1-315-56139-4
6359:978-1-4408-6235-9
6245:. pp. 1–20.
6223:Izutsu, Toshihiko
5807:978-0-19-539589-1
5643:Adams, Charles J.
5542:978-3-030-31477-4
5203:978-1-7883-1485-5
4880:978-1-315-56139-4
4641:978-90-04-43554-4
4602:Cusack, Carole M.
4379:Islamic movements
4353:978-0-521-19650-5
4324:Rothstein, Mikael
4312:Firestone, Reuven
4255:salafist-jihadism
4251:jihadism-salafism
4247:jihadist-salafist
4222:Hindu nationalism
4121:Islamic terrorism
4111:Islamic extremism
4104:Holy war in Islam
4079:Dominion theology
3945:", supplying the
3913:Soviet-Afghan war
3897:Against communism
3890:Afghan mujahideen
3631:Against Ba'athism
3587:Islamic terrorism
3459:Ruhollah Khomeini
3176:Abyan Governorate
3052:Soviet–Afghan War
2978:Abul A'la Maududi
2888:Yusuf al-Qaradawi
2832:Maʿālim fīl-ṭarīq
2803:, as well as the
2777:Ayman al-Zawahiri
2743:Ayman al-Zawahiri
2646:Islamic extremism
2636:Umayyad Caliphate
2596:Afghan mujahideen
2531:propaganda videos
2452:Manfred B. Steger
2440:Islamic terrorism
2436:domestic infidels
2414:Islamic movements
2384:McGill University
2355:jihadist-Salafist
2294:internal struggle
2241:in Syria and Iraq
2229:Western countries
2193:Soviet–Afghan War
2116:Islamic extremist
2101:Islamic movements
2079:
2078:
1814:Pakistani Taliban
1729:Islamic terrorism
1660:
1659:
1534:Abdelwahab Meddeb
1462:Haji Shariatullah
1427:Yusuf al-Qaradawi
1412:Abul A'la Maududi
1402:Ruhollah Khomeini
1382:Rached Ghannouchi
1314:Alija Izetbegović
1299:Ruhollah Khomeini
1206:Rashīd Rīďha 1922
1106:by country/region
995:Two-nation theory
947:Islamic terrorism
908:Islamic socialism
898:Islamic democracy
874:Apostasy in Islam
845:by country/region
743:
742:
88:
87:
43:Islamic socialism
16:(Redirected from
10731:
10564:Anti-imperialism
10459:(Khomeini, 1970)
10435:(Khomeini, 1940)
10414:
10413:
10403:
10402:
10152:
10151:
10135:
10134:
9939:
9938:
9932:
9931:
9919:
9918:
9885:Hassan Al-Turabi
9697:United Arab List
9515:
9514:
9446:Islamic republic
9441:Islamic monarchy
9426:Islamic feminism
9349:
9348:
9334:
9327:
9320:
9311:
9310:
9306:
9304:
9302:
9275:
9258:
9237:
9216:
9195:
9180:
9159:
9114:
9095:
9074:
9053:
9032:
9020:
9009:
8973:
8961:
8938:
8901:
8880:
8859:
8857:
8828:
8816:
8807:
8788:
8776:
8753:
8726:
8705:
8684:
8663:
8636:
8618:
8612:
8611:
8609:
8607:
8587:
8581:
8580:
8578:
8576:
8556:
8550:
8549:
8547:
8545:
8525:
8519:
8516:
8510:
8509:
8503:
8495:
8477:
8471:
8468:
8462:
8461:
8455:
8447:
8429:
8423:
8422:
8416:
8408:
8390:
8384:
8383:
8377:
8369:
8345:
8339:
8338:
8332:
8324:
8306:
8300:
8299:
8293:
8285:
8267:
8261:
8258:Fox News Channel
8250:
8244:
8243:
8241:
8239:
8224:
8218:
8217:
8211:
8203:
8185:
8179:
8178:
8172:
8164:
8146:
8140:
8139:
8133:
8125:
8107:
8101:
8100:
8082:
8076:
8075:
8056:. pp. 5–6.
8034:
8025:
8024:
8022:
8020:
7998:
7985:
7984:
7982:
7980:
7958:
7943:
7942:
7940:
7938:
7932:
7913:
7904:
7893:
7892:
7890:
7888:
7873:
7867:
7866:
7853:
7840:
7838:
7836:
7821:
7815:
7814:
7812:
7810:
7795:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7784:
7769:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7758:
7746:
7740:
7739:
7721:
7715:
7714:
7694:
7688:
7687:
7685:
7683:
7660:
7654:
7653:
7629:
7620:
7619:
7614:
7612:
7606:
7587:
7575:
7569:
7568:
7565:Internet Archive
7533:
7527:
7526:
7524:
7522:
7516:
7491:
7480:
7459:
7458:
7456:
7454:
7445:. Archived from
7434:
7425:
7424:
7400:
7387:
7386:
7384:
7382:
7366:
7360:
7359:
7357:
7355:
7341:
7335:
7329:
7323:
7322:
7320:
7318:
7299:
7293:
7292:
7290:
7288:
7271:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7260:
7236:
7230:
7229:
7227:
7225:
7205:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7194:
7174:
7168:
7167:
7165:
7163:
7144:
7138:
7137:
7132:
7130:
7111:
7101:
7090:
7089:
7083:
7081:
7053:
7047:
7046:
7041:
7039:
7020:
7010:
7004:
7003:
7001:
6999:
6977:
6971:
6970:
6962:
6956:
6955:
6947:
6941:
6911:Rudolph Peters,
6909:
6903:
6902:
6896:
6888:
6870:
6864:
6863:
6845:
6839:
6838:
6836:
6834:
6806:
6800:
6797:Islamic Sciences
6793:
6787:
6768:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6757:
6749:Trevor Stanley.
6746:
6740:
6739:
6731:
6723:
6717:
6716:(23 March 2003).
6705:
6699:
6688:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6677:
6662:
6656:
6655:
6653:
6651:
6630:
6620:
6596:
6587:
6581:
6580:
6557:
6551:
6550:
6493:Polk, William R.
6489:
6480:
6479:
6448:(1st ed.).
6437:
6416:
6415:
6373:
6364:
6363:
6330:
6321:
6320:
6318:
6316:
6311:on 2 August 2014
6310:
6304:. Archived from
6299:
6290:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6279:
6263:
6257:
6256:
6219:
6204:
6203:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6146:
6134:Washington Times
6124:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6091:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6077:
6053:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6020:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6009:
6004:on 11 March 2015
6000:. Archived from
5989:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5978:
5956:
5950:
5944:
5938:
5927:
5921:
5920:
5879:
5873:
5872:
5830:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5787:
5779:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5746:
5737:
5736:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5671:
5665:
5664:
5653:. p. 4917.
5634:
5628:
5622:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5578:
5567:
5561:
5555:
5554:
5512:
5506:
5505:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5386:
5371:
5353:
5327:
5318:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5301:
5280:
5271:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5248:
5223:
5214:
5208:
5207:
5184:(1st ed.).
5178:"The Ideologues"
5173:
5164:
5163:
5128:
5122:
5121:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5066:
5061:
5059:
5051:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5030:
5025:
5023:
5015:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4957:
4948:
4947:
4902:
4893:
4892:
4850:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4813:
4804:
4803:
4794:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4743:(2nd ed.).
4729:
4708:
4707:
4697:
4686:Brill Publishers
4663:
4654:
4653:
4633:
4622:Brill Publishers
4597:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4573:
4548:
4539:
4528:
4527:
4495:
4489:
4488:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4447:
4422:
4413:
4402:
4401:
4307:
4291:
4288:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4268:
4262:
4243:
4056:Caucasus Emirate
3963:. Following the
3947:Afghan Mujahidin
3838:Iraqi Ba'athists
3754:Syrian Civil War
3742:Free Syrian Army
3645:Syrian civil war
3601:that implements
3548:
3518:al-Qaeda in Iraq
3451:Abul Ala Maududi
3377:Victory to Islam
3369:", followed by "
3365:", followed by "
3362:Death to America
3182:Syrian Civil War
3162:Iraqi insurgency
3090:Somali Civil War
3080:Kashmir conflict
2993:Islamic scholars
2960:history of Islam
2931:and two crossed
2807:terrorist group
2789:Qutbist ideology
2523:consumer culture
2468:Jemaah Islamiyah
2426:(the collective
2409:, predominantly
2388:Montreal, Quebec
2071:
2064:
2057:
2045:Islam portal
2043:
2042:
2041:
1946:Sinai insurgency
1914:Jihadism in Asia
1662:
1661:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1624:
1623:
1615:Islam portal
1613:
1612:
1611:
1517:in North America
1467:Hassan Al-Turabi
1417:Abul Hasan Nadwi
1025:Anti-imperialism
923:Islamic republic
918:Islamic monarchy
903:Islamic feminism
762:
756:
755:
745:
744:
735:
728:
721:
707:Islam portal
705:
704:
703:
113:
90:
89:
83:
80:
74:
58:
50:
21:
10739:
10738:
10734:
10733:
10732:
10730:
10729:
10728:
10679:
10678:
10677:
10672:
10645:
10641:Political Islam
10619:
10588:
10584:Islamic revival
10552:
10485:
10479:
10475:(Gaddafi, 1975)
10408:
10389:
10343:
10314:Osama bin Laden
10299:Anwar al-Awlaki
10282:
10276:in North Africa
10223:Lashkar-e-Taiba
10171:
10167:Salafi jihadism
10146:
10121:
10090:
10056:Safar al-Hawali
10018:
9968:
9926:
9924:Salafi movement
9909:
9785:Muammar Gaddafi
9770:Hassan al-Banna
9738:
9727:
9701:
9632:Jamiat-e Islami
9578:
9552:Jamaat-e-Islami
9540:in Central Asia
9518:Socio-political
9506:
9394:
9383:Salafi jihadism
9343:
9338:
9300:
9298:
9282:
9255:
9234:
9213:
9177:
9111:
9092:
9071:
9050:
9029:
8998:
8970:
8935:
8913:Haykel, Bernard
8898:
8877:
8825:
8809:
8804:
8785:
8750:
8723:
8713:Global Jihadism
8702:
8681:
8660:
8644:
8639:
8629:Wayback Machine
8620:Darion Rhodes,
8619:
8615:
8605:
8603:
8588:
8584:
8574:
8572:
8557:
8553:
8543:
8541:
8526:
8522:
8517:
8513:
8497:
8496:
8492:
8478:
8474:
8469:
8465:
8449:
8448:
8444:
8430:
8426:
8410:
8409:
8405:
8391:
8387:
8371:
8370:
8366:
8358:. p. 309.
8346:
8342:
8326:
8325:
8321:
8307:
8303:
8287:
8286:
8282:
8268:
8264:
8251:
8247:
8237:
8235:
8226:
8225:
8221:
8205:
8204:
8200:
8186:
8182:
8166:
8165:
8161:
8147:
8143:
8127:
8126:
8122:
8108:
8104:
8097:
8084:
8083:
8079:
8064:
8038:Stout, Chris E.
8035:
8028:
8018:
8016:
7999:
7988:
7978:
7976:
7959:
7946:
7936:
7934:
7930:
7916:Carnegie Papers
7911:
7905:
7896:
7886:
7884:
7874:
7870:
7854:
7841:
7834:
7832:
7822:
7818:
7808:
7806:
7796:
7792:
7782:
7780:
7770:
7766:
7756:
7754:
7747:
7743:
7736:
7722:
7718:
7711:
7695:
7691:
7681:
7679:
7677:
7661:
7657:
7650:
7630:
7623:
7610:
7608:
7604:
7585:
7579:Khadduri, Majid
7576:
7572:
7561:
7534:
7530:
7520:
7518:
7514:
7508:
7489:
7481:
7462:
7452:
7450:
7449:on 4 March 2016
7435:
7428:
7421:
7401:
7390:
7380:
7378:
7367:
7363:
7353:
7351:
7343:
7342:
7338:
7330:
7326:
7316:
7314:
7301:
7300:
7296:
7286:
7284:
7272:
7268:
7258:
7256:
7251:. No. 42.
7237:
7233:
7223:
7221:
7206:
7202:
7192:
7190:
7175:
7171:
7161:
7159:
7146:
7145:
7141:
7128:
7126:
7124:
7102:
7093:
7079:
7077:
7070:
7054:
7050:
7037:
7035:
7033:
7011:
7007:
6997:
6995:
6978:
6974:
6963:
6959:
6948:
6944:
6910:
6906:
6890:
6889:
6885:
6871:
6867:
6860:
6846:
6842:
6832:
6830:
6823:
6807:
6803:
6794:
6790:
6778:Wayback Machine
6769:
6765:
6755:
6753:
6747:
6743:
6729:
6725:
6724:
6720:
6706:
6702:
6689:
6685:
6675:
6673:
6663:
6659:
6649:
6647:
6594:
6588:
6584:
6577:
6561:Lawrence Wright
6558:
6554:
6539:j.ctv1bvnfdq.40
6531:
6490:
6483:
6468:
6438:
6419:
6404:
6374:
6367:
6360:
6344:. Vol. 1.
6331:
6324:
6314:
6312:
6308:
6297:
6291:
6287:
6277:
6275:
6264:
6260:
6253:
6243:Keio University
6220:
6207:
6192:
6158:
6154:
6144:
6142:
6125:
6121:
6111:
6109:
6092:
6085:
6075:
6073:
6054:
6050:
6040:
6038:
6021:
6017:
6007:
6005:
5990:
5986:
5976:
5974:
5966:The Daily Beast
5957:
5953:
5945:
5941:
5928:
5924:
5917:
5880:
5876:
5831:
5827:
5817:
5815:
5808:
5780:
5773:
5763:
5761:
5748:
5747:
5740:
5725:
5721:
5706:
5672:
5668:
5661:
5635:
5631:
5623:
5616:
5606:
5604:
5568:
5564:
5558:
5543:
5513:
5509:
5458:Wiley-Blackwell
5443:
5439:
5429:
5427:
5414:. Vol. 6.
5404:
5400:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5325:
5319:
5315:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5278:
5272:
5268:
5262:
5252:
5250:
5246:
5221:
5215:
5211:
5204:
5174:
5167:
5152:
5129:
5125:
5080:
5076:
5064:
5062:
5053:
5052:
5044:
5040:
5028:
5026:
5017:
5016:
5005:
5001:
4958:
4951:
4936:
4903:
4896:
4881:
4851:
4844:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4814:
4807:
4796:
4795:
4788:
4782:
4759:
4730:
4711:
4664:
4657:
4642:
4598:
4587:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4546:
4540:
4531:
4496:
4492:
4465:
4461:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4420:
4414:
4405:
4387:political Islam
4354:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4285:
4279:
4275:
4269:
4265:
4244:
4240:
4235:
4217:Hindu terrorism
4200:Salafi jihadism
4180:Salafi movement
4074:Defensive jihad
4047:
4031:Bashar al-Assad
4001:
3995:
3985:
3909:
3899:
3884:U.S. President
3770:Osama bin Laden
3762:
3689:al-Assad family
3667:socialist state
3652:
3647:
3633:
3595:
3546:
3481:Sebastian Gorka
3389:legal historian
3385:Salafi jihadism
3367:Death to Israel
3343:
3318:
3306:Houthi movement
3270:
3264:within Islam".
3195:; 2013–present)
3188:; 2011–present)
3178:; 2010–present)
3168:; 2003–present)
3152:; 2001–present)
3128:; 1997–present)
3118:; 1994–present)
3086:; 1990–present)
3084:Lashkar-e-Taiba
3040:Salafi jihadism
3021:colonial powers
2956:Islamic studies
2906:
2904:Salafi jihadism
2900:Islamic revival
2898:Main articles:
2896:
2813:Anwar al-Awlaki
2797:Osama bin Laden
2785:Islamic revival
2739:Osama bin Laden
2721:worthy of death
2680:Islamic prophet
2629:Islamic empires
2625:
2615:
2609:
2598:praying in the
2589:
2575:
2569:Salafi movement
2561:
2454:, Professor of
2430:) from foreign
2282:The concept of
2255:
2249:
2221:global jihadism
2213:Salafi movement
2197:armed conflicts
2141:Islamic empires
2075:
2039:
2037:
2032:
2031:
1978:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1916:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1886:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1804:
1803:
1794:
1793:
1787:Salafi jihadism
1758:
1757:
1744:
1743:
1724:Beheading video
1717:Martyrdom video
1682:
1681:
1656:
1618:
1609:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1574:
1564:
1563:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1377:Hassan al-Banna
1347:
1339:
1338:
1289:Muammar Gaddafi
1274:
1266:
1265:
1252:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1130:Jamaat-e-Islami
1053:
1045:
1044:
1040:Islamic revival
1015:
1007:
1006:
964:Political Islam
869:
861:
860:
854:
835:Salafi movement
813:
805:
804:
770:
758:
757:
749:
748:
739:
701:
699:
692:
691:
636:Other religions
631:Arabic language
593:
583:
582:
511:Moral teachings
402:
388:
387:
378:Spread of Islam
323:
313:
312:
300:(jurisprudence)
282:Qisas al-Anbiya
231:
230:
210:
209:
178:
168:
167:
123:
84:
78:
75:
68:
59:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10737:
10727:
10726:
10721:
10716:
10711:
10706:
10701:
10696:
10691:
10674:
10673:
10671:
10670:
10665:
10658:
10655:
10654:
10651:
10650:
10647:
10646:
10644:
10643:
10638:
10633:
10627:
10625:
10624:Related topics
10621:
10620:
10618:
10617:
10615:United Kingdom
10612:
10607:
10602:
10596:
10594:
10590:
10589:
10587:
10586:
10581:
10576:
10571:
10566:
10560:
10558:
10554:
10553:
10551:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10535:
10530:
10528:Faith campaign
10525:
10520:
10515:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10489:
10487:
10481:
10480:
10478:
10477:
10473:The Green Book
10469:
10461:
10453:
10445:
10437:
10429:
10427:(Iqbal, 1930s)
10425:Reconstruction
10420:
10418:
10410:
10409:
10399:
10398:
10395:
10394:
10391:
10390:
10388:
10387:
10385:Talibanization
10382:
10377:
10372:
10367:
10362:
10357:
10351:
10349:
10345:
10344:
10342:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10319:Akhtar Mansour
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10290:
10288:
10284:
10283:
10281:
10280:
10279:
10278:
10273:
10268:
10258:
10257:
10256:
10255:
10254:
10249:
10239:
10238:
10237:
10230:Southeast Asia
10227:
10226:
10225:
10220:
10210:
10209:
10208:
10203:
10198:
10196:Fatah al-Islam
10193:
10179:
10177:
10173:
10172:
10170:
10169:
10164:
10158:
10156:
10148:
10147:
10131:
10130:
10127:
10126:
10123:
10122:
10120:
10119:
10114:
10109:
10104:
10098:
10096:
10092:
10091:
10089:
10088:
10083:
10078:
10076:Salman al-Ouda
10073:
10068:
10063:
10058:
10053:
10048:
10043:
10038:
10032:
10030:
10024:
10023:
10020:
10019:
10017:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10005:
10004:
9994:
9989:
9984:
9978:
9976:
9970:
9969:
9967:
9966:
9961:
9959:Sahwa movement
9956:
9951:
9945:
9943:
9936:
9928:
9927:
9915:
9914:
9911:
9910:
9908:
9907:
9902:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9882:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9855:Ata Abu Rashta
9852:
9847:
9842:
9837:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9800:Muhammad Iqbal
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9762:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9745:Muhammad Abduh
9741:
9739:
9736:
9733:
9732:
9729:
9728:
9726:
9725:
9720:
9715:
9709:
9707:
9703:
9702:
9700:
9699:
9694:
9689:
9684:
9682:Fatah Alliance
9679:
9674:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9614:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9588:
9586:
9580:
9579:
9577:
9576:
9575:
9574:
9569:
9559:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9543:
9542:
9537:
9530:Hizb ut-Tahrir
9527:
9521:
9519:
9512:
9508:
9507:
9505:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9466:
9465:
9455:
9450:
9449:
9448:
9443:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9402:
9400:
9396:
9395:
9393:
9392:
9387:
9386:
9385:
9375:
9374:
9373:
9363:
9357:
9355:
9345:
9344:
9337:
9336:
9329:
9322:
9314:
9308:
9307:
9281:
9280:External links
9278:
9277:
9276:
9260:
9259:
9253:
9239:
9238:
9232:
9218:
9217:
9211:
9197:
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9123:Globalizations
9116:
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9109:
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8903:
8902:
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8881:
8875:
8861:
8860:
8830:
8829:
8823:
8802:
8789:
8783:
8755:
8754:
8749:978-1400827381
8748:
8728:
8727:
8721:
8707:
8706:
8700:
8686:
8685:
8679:
8665:
8664:
8658:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8637:
8613:
8582:
8565:New York Times
8551:
8520:
8511:
8490:
8472:
8463:
8442:
8424:
8403:
8385:
8364:
8340:
8319:
8301:
8280:
8262:
8245:
8219:
8198:
8180:
8159:
8141:
8120:
8102:
8095:
8077:
8063:978-1440851926
8062:
8026:
7986:
7944:
7894:
7882:The New Yorker
7868:
7816:
7790:
7778:The World Post
7764:
7741:
7734:
7716:
7710:978-1851098422
7709:
7689:
7676:978-0786724550
7675:
7655:
7649:978-0099523277
7648:
7621:
7570:
7559:
7537:Lewis, Bernard
7528:
7506:
7460:
7426:
7420:978-0099523277
7419:
7388:
7361:
7336:
7324:
7294:
7279:. abc.net.au.
7266:
7239:Danny Postel;
7231:
7200:
7169:
7139:
7122:
7091:
7068:
7048:
7031:
7005:
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6957:
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6858:
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6741:
6718:
6700:
6683:
6657:
6582:
6575:
6552:
6529:
6481:
6466:
6417:
6402:
6365:
6358:
6322:
6285:
6258:
6251:
6227:"The Infidel (
6205:
6190:
6152:
6119:
6083:
6048:
6030:Foreign Policy
6015:
5984:
5951:
5939:
5922:
5915:
5874:
5825:
5806:
5771:
5738:
5719:
5704:
5666:
5659:
5639:Eliade, Mircea
5629:
5614:
5562:
5556:
5541:
5507:
5437:
5398:
5313:
5266:
5260:
5209:
5202:
5165:
5150:
5123:
5074:
5065:|journal=
5038:
5029:|journal=
4999:
4949:
4934:
4894:
4879:
4842:
4828:
4805:
4786:
4780:
4757:
4709:
4655:
4640:
4606:Upal, M. Afzal
4585:
4529:
4510:(3): 377–397.
4490:
4459:
4403:
4352:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4283:
4273:
4263:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4096:
4091:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4064:North Caucasus
4053:
4046:
4043:
3984:
3981:
3979:in the 1990s.
3937:to defeat the
3898:
3895:
3834:new government
3792:atheist regime
3788:Ba'athist Iraq
3774:Saddam Hussein
3761:
3758:
3750:Al-Nusra Front
3681:Hafez al-Assad
3651:
3648:
3632:
3629:
3594:
3591:
3579:Chris E. Stout
3455:Abdullah Azzam
3449:Scholars like
3424:fi sabil Allah
3419:fard al-kifaya
3402:jihad bil-saif
3342:
3339:
3334:fard al-kifaya
3317:
3314:
3269:
3266:
3197:
3196:
3189:
3179:
3169:
3159:
3158:(2002–present)
3153:
3143:
3129:
3119:
3109:
3099:
3093:
3092:(1991–present)
3087:
2986:Abdullah Azzam
2952:Rudolph Peters
2895:
2892:
2640:Ottoman empire
2611:Main article:
2608:
2607:Key influences
2605:
2600:Kunar Province
2560:
2557:
2420:to defend the
2266:Black Standard
2251:Main article:
2248:
2245:
2157:Ottoman Empire
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:Jihadi tourism
2024:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1866:Al-Nusra Front
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1770:
1765:
1759:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1734:Suicide attack
1731:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1694:
1689:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1575:
1572:Related topics
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1539:Maryam Namazie
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1442:Ata Abu Rashta
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1392:Muhammad Iqbal
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1352:Muhammad Abduh
1348:
1346:Key ideologues
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1329:House of Thani
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1284:Omar al-Bashir
1281:
1275:
1273:Heads of state
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1246:
1239:("Milestones")
1233:
1221:
1209:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1175:Southeast Asia
1172:
1167:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1120:Hizb ut-Tahrir
1111:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1093:
1091:Sahwa movement
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1066:Dawat-e-Islami
1063:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1020:Anti-communism
1016:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
997:
992:
985:
978:
973:
972:
971:
961:
956:
955:
954:
949:
937:
927:
926:
925:
920:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
884:
883:
870:
867:
866:
863:
862:
856:
855:
849:
848:
847:
842:
832:
831:
830:
820:
814:
811:
810:
807:
806:
803:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
771:
768:
767:
764:
763:
741:
740:
738:
737:
730:
723:
715:
712:
711:
710:
709:
694:
693:
690:
689:
683:
682:
681:
680:
675:
665:
660:
659:
658:
653:
643:
638:
633:
627:
626:
625:
624:
619:
614:
606:
605:
600:
594:
591:Related topics
589:
588:
585:
584:
581:
580:
575:
573:Social welfare
570:
565:
564:
563:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
467:
466:
461:
451:
450:
449:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
403:
394:
393:
390:
389:
386:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
359:
358:
351:
344:
336:
335:
330:
324:
319:
318:
315:
314:
311:
310:
302:
293:
292:
286:
278:
270:
261:
260:
240:
232:
229:
228:
223:
217:
216:
215:
212:
211:
208:
207:
202:
197:
191:
190:
185:
179:
174:
173:
170:
169:
166:
165:
163:Predestination
159:
158:
153:
147:
146:
144:Revealed Books
141:
135:
134:
124:
119:
118:
115:
114:
106:
105:
99:
98:
86:
85:
62:
60:
53:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10736:
10725:
10722:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10692:
10690:
10687:
10686:
10684:
10669:
10666:
10664:
10660:
10659:
10656:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10629:
10628:
10626:
10622:
10616:
10613:
10611:
10608:
10606:
10603:
10601:
10598:
10597:
10595:
10591:
10585:
10582:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10561:
10559:
10555:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10538:War on terror
10536:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10524:
10521:
10519:
10516:
10514:
10511:
10509:
10506:
10504:
10501:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10490:
10488:
10482:
10476:
10474:
10470:
10468:
10466:
10462:
10460:
10458:
10454:
10452:
10450:
10446:
10444:
10442:
10438:
10436:
10434:
10430:
10428:
10426:
10422:
10421:
10419:
10415:
10411:
10404:
10400:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10378:
10376:
10373:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10361:
10358:
10356:
10353:
10352:
10350:
10346:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10291:
10289:
10287:Major figures
10285:
10277:
10274:
10272:
10269:
10267:
10264:
10263:
10262:
10259:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10244:
10243:
10240:
10236:
10233:
10232:
10231:
10228:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10215:
10214:
10211:
10207:
10204:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10188:
10187:
10184:
10183:
10181:
10180:
10178:
10174:
10168:
10165:
10163:
10160:
10159:
10157:
10153:
10149:
10145:
10141:
10136:
10132:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10099:
10097:
10093:
10087:
10084:
10082:
10081:Ali al-Tamimi
10079:
10077:
10074:
10072:
10069:
10067:
10064:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10033:
10031:
10029:
10028:Major figures
10025:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10003:
10002:Islamist Bloc
10000:
9999:
9998:
9997:Al-Nour Party
9995:
9993:
9990:
9988:
9985:
9983:
9980:
9979:
9977:
9975:
9971:
9965:
9962:
9960:
9957:
9955:
9952:
9950:
9947:
9946:
9944:
9940:
9937:
9933:
9929:
9925:
9920:
9916:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9865:Navvab Safavi
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9850:Tariq Ramadan
9848:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9795:Safwat Hegazi
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9765:Muhammad Asad
9763:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9742:
9740:
9734:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9710:
9708:
9704:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9678:
9677:Welfare Party
9675:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9589:
9587:
9585:
9581:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9565:
9564:
9563:
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9548:
9545:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9532:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9522:
9520:
9516:
9513:
9509:
9503:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9492:Turkish model
9490:
9488:
9487:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9475:Post-Islamism
9473:
9471:
9468:
9464:
9461:
9460:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9438:
9437:
9436:Islamic state
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9403:
9401:
9397:
9391:
9390:Shia Islamism
9388:
9384:
9381:
9380:
9379:
9376:
9372:
9369:
9368:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9358:
9356:
9354:
9350:
9346:
9342:
9335:
9330:
9328:
9323:
9321:
9316:
9315:
9312:
9297:
9293:
9289:
9284:
9283:
9273:
9272:
9267:
9262:
9261:
9256:
9250:
9247:. Routledge.
9246:
9241:
9240:
9235:
9229:
9225:
9220:
9219:
9214:
9208:
9204:
9199:
9198:
9193:
9189:
9184:
9183:
9178:
9172:
9169:. Routledge.
9168:
9163:
9162:
9157:
9153:
9149:
9145:
9141:
9137:
9133:
9129:
9125:
9124:
9118:
9117:
9112:
9106:
9102:
9097:
9093:
9087:
9083:
9078:
9077:
9072:
9066:
9062:
9057:
9056:
9051:
9045:
9041:
9036:
9035:
9030:
9024:
9019:
9018:
9011:
9007:
9003:
8999:
8997:9781350148598
8993:
8989:
8985:
8984:
8979:
8978:Kepel, Gilles
8975:
8971:
8965:
8960:
8955:
8951:
8947:
8942:
8941:
8936:
8930:
8926:
8922:
8918:
8914:
8910:
8905:
8904:
8899:
8893:
8889:
8884:
8883:
8878:
8872:
8868:
8863:
8862:
8856:
8851:
8847:
8843:
8842:
8841:European View
8837:
8832:
8831:
8826:
8820:
8815:
8814:
8805:
8799:
8795:
8790:
8786:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8766:
8762:
8757:
8756:
8751:
8745:
8741:
8737:
8736:
8730:
8729:
8724:
8718:
8714:
8709:
8708:
8703:
8697:
8693:
8688:
8687:
8682:
8676:
8672:
8667:
8666:
8661:
8655:
8651:
8646:
8645:
8634:
8630:
8626:
8623:
8617:
8601:
8597:
8596:The Economist
8593:
8586:
8570:
8566:
8562:
8555:
8539:
8535:
8531:
8524:
8515:
8507:
8501:
8493:
8487:
8483:
8476:
8467:
8459:
8453:
8445:
8439:
8435:
8428:
8420:
8414:
8406:
8400:
8396:
8389:
8381:
8375:
8367:
8361:
8357:
8353:
8352:
8344:
8336:
8330:
8322:
8316:
8312:
8305:
8297:
8291:
8283:
8277:
8273:
8266:
8259:
8255:
8249:
8233:
8229:
8223:
8215:
8209:
8201:
8199:9780190874872
8195:
8191:
8184:
8176:
8170:
8162:
8156:
8152:
8145:
8137:
8131:
8123:
8117:
8113:
8106:
8098:
8092:
8088:
8081:
8073:
8069:
8065:
8059:
8055:
8051:
8047:
8043:
8039:
8033:
8031:
8014:
8010:
8009:
8004:
7997:
7995:
7993:
7991:
7974:
7970:
7969:
7964:
7957:
7955:
7953:
7951:
7949:
7929:
7925:
7921:
7917:
7910:
7903:
7901:
7899:
7883:
7879:
7872:
7864:
7860:
7851:
7847:
7831:
7827:
7820:
7805:
7801:
7794:
7779:
7775:
7768:
7752:
7745:
7737:
7735:0-300-11306-4
7731:
7727:
7720:
7712:
7706:
7702:
7701:
7693:
7678:
7672:
7668:
7667:
7659:
7651:
7645:
7641:
7637:
7636:
7628:
7626:
7618:
7603:
7599:
7595:
7591:
7584:
7580:
7574:
7566:
7562:
7560:0-226-47693-6
7556:
7552:
7548:
7544:
7543:
7538:
7532:
7513:
7509:
7503:
7499:
7495:
7488:
7487:
7479:
7477:
7475:
7473:
7471:
7469:
7467:
7465:
7448:
7444:
7440:
7433:
7431:
7422:
7416:
7412:
7408:
7407:
7399:
7397:
7395:
7393:
7376:
7372:
7365:
7350:
7346:
7340:
7333:
7328:
7312:
7308:
7304:
7298:
7282:
7278:
7270:
7254:
7250:
7246:
7243:(Fall 2016).
7242:
7235:
7219:
7215:
7211:
7204:
7188:
7184:
7180:
7173:
7157:
7153:
7152:The Economist
7149:
7143:
7136:
7125:
7123:9780807002292
7119:
7115:
7110:
7109:
7100:
7098:
7096:
7088:
7075:
7071:
7069:9781845112578
7065:
7061:
7060:
7052:
7045:
7034:
7032:9780807002292
7028:
7024:
7019:
7018:
7009:
6993:
6989:
6988:
6983:
6976:
6968:
6961:
6953:
6946:
6938:
6937:
6932:
6931:
6926:
6922:
6918:
6914:
6908:
6900:
6894:
6886:
6880:
6876:
6869:
6861:
6859:0-300-11306-4
6855:
6851:
6844:
6828:
6824:
6818:
6814:
6813:
6805:
6798:
6792:
6785:
6784:
6779:
6775:
6772:
6767:
6752:
6745:
6737:
6736:
6728:
6722:
6715:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6697:
6696:
6692:
6687:
6672:
6668:
6661:
6646:
6642:
6638:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6610:
6606:
6602:
6601:
6593:
6586:
6578:
6576:0-375-41486-X
6572:
6568:
6567:
6563:(2006). "2".
6562:
6556:
6548:
6544:
6540:
6536:
6532:
6526:
6522:
6518:
6514:
6510:
6506:
6502:
6498:
6494:
6488:
6486:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6467:9781138577824
6463:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6443:
6436:
6434:
6432:
6430:
6428:
6426:
6424:
6422:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6399:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6372:
6370:
6361:
6355:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6339:
6335:
6329:
6327:
6307:
6303:
6296:
6289:
6273:
6269:
6262:
6254:
6252:983-9154-70-2
6248:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6230:
6224:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6191:9780190092153
6187:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6156:
6140:
6136:
6135:
6130:
6123:
6107:
6103:
6102:
6097:
6090:
6088:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6052:
6036:
6032:
6031:
6026:
6019:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5988:
5972:
5968:
5967:
5962:
5955:
5948:
5947:Brachman 2008
5943:
5936:
5932:
5926:
5918:
5916:9780191700408
5912:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5878:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5841:
5836:
5829:
5813:
5809:
5803:
5799:
5795:
5791:
5786:
5778:
5776:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5745:
5743:
5734:
5730:
5723:
5715:
5711:
5707:
5705:9783110824858
5701:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5677:
5670:
5662:
5660:9780028657394
5656:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5633:
5627:, p. 13.
5626:
5621:
5619:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5566:
5560:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5511:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5464:: 2133–2165.
5463:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5450:
5441:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5402:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5285:
5277:
5270:
5264:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5228:
5220:
5213:
5205:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5172:
5170:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5151:9781350148598
5147:
5143:
5139:
5138:
5133:
5132:Kepel, Gilles
5127:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5078:
5070:
5057:
5049:
5042:
5034:
5021:
5014:
5010:
5003:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4956:
4954:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4935:9780674039070
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4906:Jalal, Ayesha
4901:
4899:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4849:
4847:
4831:
4829:9781498575973
4825:
4821:
4820:
4812:
4810:
4801:
4800:
4793:
4791:
4784:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4758:9780520287327
4754:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4718:
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4714:
4705:
4701:
4696:
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4683:
4679:
4675:
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4669:
4662:
4660:
4651:
4647:
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4637:
4632:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4596:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4553:
4545:
4538:
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4534:
4525:
4521:
4517:
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4509:
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4501:
4494:
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4470:
4463:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4419:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4377:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4306:
4302:
4287:
4277:
4267:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4242:
4238:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4153:Post-Islamism
4151:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4131:Jihadist flag
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4094:Islam and war
4092:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4069:Counter-jihad
4067:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4051:Arab Cold War
4049:
4048:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3990:
3980:
3978:
3977:United States
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3904:
3891:
3888:meeting with
3887:
3886:Ronald Reagan
3882:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3842:George Packer
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3812:occupied Iraq
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3715:Ba'ath regime
3712:
3711:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3599:Islamic state
3590:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3324:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3005:Ibn Taymiyyah
3002:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2973:bellum justum
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2954:, scholar of
2953:
2950:According to
2946:
2941:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2924:fi sabilillah
2919:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2805:Salafi-jihadi
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2713:false Muslims
2710:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2448:War on Terror
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2290:greater jihad
2287:
2286:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2225:Islamic State
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2183:to unite the
2182:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2083:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1972:
1971:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1856:Islamic State
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1846:Ahrar al-Sham
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1798:
1797:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1747:
1740:
1739:Jihadist flag
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1605:
1604:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:Maajid Nawaaz
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1452:Navvab Safavi
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1437:Tariq Ramadan
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1387:Safwat Hegazi
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:Muhammad Asad
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1324:House of Saud
1322:
1320:
1319:Mohammed Omar
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1304:Mohamed Morsi
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1261:
1260:Khomeini 1970
1257:
1256:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1003:
1002:
998:
996:
993:
991:
990:
986:
984:
983:
979:
977:
976:Post-Islamism
974:
970:
967:
966:
965:
962:
960:
957:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
943:
942:
938:
935:
931:
928:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
914:
913:Islamic state
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
882:
881:
877:
876:
875:
872:
871:
865:
864:
859:
853:
852:Shia Islamism
850:
846:
843:
841:
838:
837:
836:
833:
829:
826:
825:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
809:
808:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
766:
765:
761:
753:
747:
746:
736:
731:
729:
724:
722:
717:
716:
714:
713:
708:
698:
697:
696:
695:
688:
685:
684:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
669:
666:
664:
661:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
628:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
609:
608:
607:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
592:
587:
586:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
562:
559:
558:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
546:Proselytizing
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
455:
454:Denominations
452:
448:
445:
444:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
401:
397:
392:
391:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
357:
356:
352:
350:
349:
345:
343:
342:
338:
337:
334:
331:
329:
326:
325:
322:
317:
316:
309:
307:
303:
301:
299:
295:
294:
290:
287:
285:
283:
279:
277:
275:
271:
269:
267:
263:
262:
258:
257:
252:
251:
246:
245:
241:
239:
238:
234:
233:
227:
224:
222:
219:
218:
214:
213:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
184:
181:
180:
177:
172:
171:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
140:
137:
136:
133:
129:
126:
125:
122:
117:
116:
112:
108:
107:
104:
101:
100:
96:
92:
91:
82:
72:
66:
63:This article
61:
57:
52:
51:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
10668:North Africa
10569:Anti-Zionism
10472:
10464:
10456:
10451:(Qutb, 1964)
10448:
10443:(Asad, 1961)
10440:
10433:Forty Hadith
10432:
10424:
10407:Other topics
10143:
10009:People Party
9949:Ahl-i Hadith
9895:Ahmed Yassin
9875:Ali Shariati
9810:Ali Khamenei
9484:
9470:Pan-Islamism
9463:of knowledge
9458:Islamization
9299:. Retrieved
9291:
9269:
9244:
9223:
9202:
9187:
9166:
9127:
9121:
9100:
9081:
9060:
9039:
9021:. Paradigm.
9016:
8981:
8945:
8916:
8887:
8866:
8848:(1): 71–79.
8845:
8839:
8812:
8793:
8760:
8734:
8712:
8691:
8670:
8649:
8635:, March 2014
8616:
8604:. Retrieved
8595:
8585:
8573:. Retrieved
8564:
8554:
8542:. Retrieved
8533:
8523:
8514:
8481:
8475:
8466:
8433:
8427:
8394:
8388:
8349:
8343:
8310:
8304:
8271:
8265:
8248:
8236:. Retrieved
8222:
8189:
8183:
8150:
8144:
8111:
8105:
8086:
8080:
8045:
8017:. Retrieved
8008:The Guardian
8006:
7979:28 September
7977:. Retrieved
7968:The Atlantic
7966:
7935:. Retrieved
7919:
7915:
7885:. Retrieved
7881:
7871:
7863:The Guardian
7862:
7849:
7833:. Retrieved
7829:
7819:
7807:. Retrieved
7804:The Guardian
7803:
7793:
7781:. Retrieved
7777:
7767:
7755:. Retrieved
7744:
7725:
7719:
7699:
7692:
7680:. Retrieved
7665:
7658:
7634:
7616:
7609:. Retrieved
7602:the original
7589:
7573:
7563:– via
7540:
7531:
7519:. Retrieved
7485:
7451:. Retrieved
7447:the original
7442:
7405:
7379:. Retrieved
7364:
7352:. Retrieved
7348:
7339:
7327:
7315:. Retrieved
7306:
7297:
7285:. Retrieved
7269:
7257:. Retrieved
7248:
7234:
7222:. Retrieved
7213:
7203:
7191:. Retrieved
7182:
7172:
7160:. Retrieved
7151:
7142:
7134:
7127:. Retrieved
7107:
7085:
7078:. Retrieved
7058:
7051:
7043:
7036:. Retrieved
7016:
7008:
6998:28 September
6996:. Retrieved
6985:
6975:
6966:
6960:
6951:
6945:
6934:
6928:
6916:
6912:
6907:
6874:
6868:
6849:
6843:
6831:. Retrieved
6811:
6804:
6796:
6791:
6781:
6766:
6754:. Retrieved
6744:
6733:
6721:
6711:
6703:
6695:The Guardian
6693:
6686:
6674:. Retrieved
6670:
6660:
6648:. Retrieved
6604:
6598:
6585:
6564:
6555:
6500:
6445:
6381:
6341:
6313:. Retrieved
6306:the original
6301:
6288:
6276:. Retrieved
6271:
6261:
6234:
6228:
6165:
6155:
6143:. Retrieved
6132:
6122:
6110:. Retrieved
6099:
6074:. Retrieved
6065:
6061:
6051:
6039:. Retrieved
6028:
6018:
6006:. Retrieved
6002:the original
5997:
5987:
5975:. Retrieved
5964:
5954:
5949:, p. 4.
5942:
5930:
5925:
5886:
5877:
5844:
5838:
5828:
5816:. Retrieved
5789:
5762:. Retrieved
5753:
5728:
5722:
5675:
5669:
5646:
5632:
5605:. Retrieved
5580:
5565:
5559:
5516:
5510:
5453:
5447:
5440:
5428:. Retrieved
5411:
5401:
5389:. Retrieved
5333:
5329:
5316:
5304:. Retrieved
5284:CTC Sentinel
5282:
5269:
5263:
5251:. Retrieved
5231:
5227:CTC Sentinel
5225:
5212:
5181:
5135:
5126:
5093:
5087:
5077:
5056:cite journal
5041:
5020:cite journal
5012:
5002:
4969:
4965:
4909:
4858:
4833:. Retrieved
4818:
4798:
4783:
4740:
4677:
4671:
4609:
4576:. Retrieved
4556:
4552:CTC Sentinel
4550:
4507:
4503:
4493:
4479:(2): 34–41.
4476:
4472:
4462:
4450:. Retrieved
4430:
4426:CTC Sentinel
4424:
4390:
4373:
4327:
4320:Hammer, Olav
4305:
4286:
4276:
4266:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4241:
4020:
4009:Assad regime
4002:
3961:Saudi Arabia
3950:
3932:
3923:, Pakistan,
3910:
3907:Afghan Jihad
3871:
3865:
3859:
3853:
3845:
3828:
3781:
3763:
3746:Assad regime
3735:
3718:
3708:
3670:
3656:Ba'ath party
3653:
3602:
3596:
3582:
3576:
3562:
3556:The Atlantic
3554:
3543:The Guardian
3541:
3537:
3533:
3530:Fiqh al-Dima
3529:
3507:
3498:
3492:
3462:
3448:
3423:
3417:
3413:
3401:
3399:
3392:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3332:
3321:
3319:
3297:
3293:
3273:
3271:
3249:Saudi Arabia
3238:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3142:; 1994–2017)
3108:; 1992–1995)
3060:Muslim world
3039:
3035:
3033:
2990:
2971:
2949:
2921:
2879:
2873:
2863:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2846:Muslim world
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2762:Pan-Islamist
2752:
2728:
2716:
2708:
2698:
2673:
2644:
2626:
2550:
2512:
2500:Maajid Nawaz
2480:
2428:Muslim world
2421:
2400:
2391:
2381:
2377:Muslim lands
2362:
2359:Muslim world
2351:9/11 attacks
2348:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2298:lesser jihad
2297:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2273:
2238:
2220:
2217:pan-Islamist
2205:Gilles Kepel
2201:
2185:Muslim world
2171:
2161:
2136:lesser jihad
2134:
2089:
2088:
1752:
1670:
1606:
1596:Islamophobia
1472:Ahmed Yassin
1457:Ali Shariati
1397:Ali Khamenei
1279:Ali Khamenei
1250:
1248:
1236:
1223:
1211:
1199:
1155:
1154:
1113:
1112:
1071:Ahl-i Hadith
1055:
1030:Anti-Zionism
999:
987:
980:
959:Pan-Islamism
951:
939:
934:of knowledge
930:Islamization
878:
769:Fundamentals
672:
663:Islamophobia
442:Demographics
437:Circumcision
353:
346:
339:
305:
297:
281:
273:
265:
254:
248:
242:
235:
76:
64:
47:
10548:Arab Winter
10543:Arab Spring
10324:Mullah Omar
10186:MENA region
10112:Petro-Islam
10086:Al-Uthaymin
9860:Rashid Rida
9845:Sayyid Qutb
9835:Mullah Omar
9713:Ansar Allah
9557:Millî Görüş
9301:7 September
9134:: 173–185.
8869:. Ashgate.
8575:27 February
7887:1 September
7835:1 September
7809:10 February
7545:. Chicago:
7241:Laura Secor
7129:21 December
7038:21 December
6756:26 February
6628:10871/37355
6611:: 706–734.
6315:17 November
5818:15 February
5625:Bonner 2006
5521:Basingstoke
5369:resrep29430
5306:20 December
5253:10 November
5194:I.B. Tauris
4733:Cook, David
4688:: 305–335.
4195:Petro-Islam
4019:called for
3917:Gulf States
3911:During the
3796:Gulf region
3778:an apostate
3736:During the
3723:Adnan Uqlah
3625:nationalism
3477:Non-Muslims
3298:muqawamist"
3261:Islamic law
3132:Chechen war
3102:Bosnian war
3098:(1991–2002)
3025:Mahdist War
2997:theologians
2982:Sayyid Qutb
2754:Sayyid Qutb
2695:First Fitna
2587:Petro-Islam
2432:Non-Muslims
2247:Terminology
2211:within the
2189:rule of God
2187:under the "
1559:Bassam Tibi
1554:Olivier Roy
1447:Rashid Rida
1432:Sayyid Qutb
1218:Iqbal 1930s
1165:MENA region
1135:Millî Görüş
678:Laws of war
341:Ahl al-Bayt
226:Foundations
10714:Mujahideen
10683:Categories
10663:South Asia
10605:Gaza Strip
10557:Influences
10484:Historical
10449:Milestones
10441:Principles
10375:Mujahideen
10252:al-Shabaab
10247:Boko Haram
10235:Abu Sayyaf
10213:South Asia
10071:Zakir Naik
9954:Madkhalism
9942:Scholastic
9900:Zia-ul-Haq
9870:Omar Bongo
9535:in Britain
9453:Islamistan
9371:Khomeinism
9006:1179546717
8642:Literature
8011:. London.
7783:2 December
7757:2 December
7682:13 October
7638:. London:
7611:26 October
7549:. p.
7453:1 November
7409:. London:
7381:13 October
7287:11 October
7273:see also:
7259:11 October
7224:11 October
7193:11 October
7162:11 October
6822:9004048545
6783:Parameters
6547:2017942543
6476:2011025970
6412:2015050373
6338:"Al-Qaeda"
6200:2019042378
5764:13 October
5688:De Gruyter
5607:25 October
5412:The Digest
5242:: 91–105.
5160:1179546717
4889:2015050373
4775:2015010201
4362:2012015440
4298:References
4253:(p. 276),
4249:(p. 220),
4165:Mujahideen
3987:See also:
3952:Mujahideen
3901:See also:
3867:mujahideen
3844:writes in
3804:Socialists
3677:neo-Ba'ath
3635:See also:
3526:Boko Haram
3510:ideologues
3436:Caliph Ali
3281:extremists
3268:Shia jihad
3150:Boko Haram
3009:Ibn Kathir
2927:above the
2914:black flag
2837:Milestones
2771:under the
2658:Kharijites
2654:Kharijites
2563:See also:
2535:subculture
2527:rap videos
2515:Jihad Cool
2155:, and the
2133:notion of
1861:Boko Haram
1836:Al-Shabaab
1692:Mujahideen
1549:Sam Harris
1529:Farag Foda
1309:Zia ul-Haq
1170:South Asia
1081:Madkhalism
1056:Scholastic
1014:Influences
828:Khomeinism
812:Ideologies
800:Secularism
531:Philosophy
268:(exegesis)
205:Pilgrimage
195:Almsgiving
10661:Islam in
10631:Criticism
10593:by region
10176:Movements
10041:Al-Albani
9982:Al Asalah
9974:Political
9964:Wahhabism
9935:Movements
9890:Malcolm X
9612:Hezbollah
9511:Movements
9156:144581998
8980:(2021) .
8950:Bielefeld
8765:Bielefeld
8500:cite book
8452:cite book
8413:cite book
8374:cite book
8329:cite book
8290:cite book
8208:cite book
8169:cite book
8130:cite book
8072:994829038
8040:(2018) .
7594:Baltimore
7317:4 October
6893:cite book
6833:12 August
6650:3 January
6645:195448888
6637:1552-6526
6569:. Knopf.
6505:New Haven
6458:Routledge
6394:Routledge
6225:(2006) .
6145:22 August
6112:22 August
6076:22 August
6041:22 August
6008:22 August
5937:, p. 127.
5869:0011-5266
5855:: 59–70.
5849:MIT Press
5714:1437-5370
5551:241995467
5502:125038730
5486:0007-1315
5478:1468-4446
5378:168669583
5360:2468-0656
5338:The Hague
5295:: 15–33.
5134:(2021) .
5118:0011-5266
5104:: 20–22.
5098:MIT Press
4994:144155484
4986:0954-6553
4944:152941120
4871:Routledge
4835:1 October
4735:(2015) .
4704:1573-0255
4650:1874-6691
4578:1 October
4524:0954-6553
4485:2334-3745
4397:neologism
4370:156374198
4332:Cambridge
4309:Compare:
4205:Wahhabism
4189:by region
4141:Takfirism
4088:by region
4027:Hezbollah
4013:civil war
3943:communism
3939:communist
3664:one-party
3660:1963 coup
3621:Ba'athism
3617:communism
3613:democracy
3593:Opponents
3503:caliphate
3440:Martyrdom
3414:fard ‘ayn
3308:from the
3285:civil war
3272:The term
3253:Wahhabism
3216:apostates
3208:territory
3038:(earlier
3034:The term
2922:al-jihad
2858:jahiliyah
2820:apologist
2717:munāfiḳūn
2623:Takfirism
2573:Wahhabism
2476:Hezbollah
2456:Sociology
2444:globalist
2416:that use
2403:neologism
2396:Hezbollah
2127:terrorist
2113:insurgent
2094:neologism
1777:Wahhabism
1712:Inghimasi
1697:Istishhad
1584:Modernism
1512:in Europe
1243:Qutb 1965
1230:Asad 1961
1194:Key texts
1114:Political
1096:Wahhabism
1052:Movements
893:Caliphate
790:Economics
651:terrorism
603:Criticism
556:Sexuality
526:Mysticism
496:Festivals
476:Education
471:Economics
407:Academics
363:Caliphate
176:Practices
79:July 2024
71:talk page
10709:Jihadism
10261:al-Qaeda
10155:Ideology
10144:Jihadism
9992:Al-Islah
9672:Al Wefaq
9572:in Syria
9567:in Egypt
9525:Deobandi
9399:Concepts
9378:Salafism
9361:Islamism
9341:Islamism
9226:. Lulu.
8625:Archived
8600:Archived
8569:Archived
8538:Archived
8232:Archived
8013:Archived
7973:Archived
7928:Archived
7926:: 1–43.
7850:HuffPost
7581:(1955).
7539:(1988).
7512:Archived
7375:Archived
7349:TIME.com
7311:Archived
7281:Archived
7253:Archived
7218:Archived
7187:Archived
7156:Archived
7080:23 March
7074:Archived
6992:Archived
6827:Archived
6774:Archived
6495:(2018).
6454:New York
6390:New York
6350:ABC-CLIO
6278:19 April
6139:Archived
6106:Archived
6070:Archived
6035:Archived
5971:Archived
5933:. 2009.
5895:New York
5851:for the
5840:Daedalus
5812:Archived
5758:Archived
5754:BBC News
5645:(eds.).
5601:Archived
5494:31004347
5460:for the
5424:Archived
5382:Archived
5297:Archived
5244:Archived
5190:New York
5100:for the
5089:Daedalus
4867:New York
4745:Berkeley
4608:(eds.).
4569:Archived
4567:: 1–12.
4443:Archived
4441:: 1–10.
4383:the West
4376:militant
4326:(eds.).
4314:(2012).
4227:Hindutva
4148:Islamism
4045:See also
3973:Al-Qaeda
3957:Pakistan
3861:mukawama
3766:al-Qaeda
3719:Al-Talia
3701:Islamist
3611:: be it
3551:Quilliam
3487:and the
3432:Kharijia
3408:and the
3294:muqawama
3274:jihadist
3073:Chechnya
3048:al-Qaeda
3044:Salafism
3036:jihadism
2958:and the
2943:Flag of
2801:al-Qaeda
2765:ideology
2747:al-Qaeda
2725:apostasy
2705:infidels
2691:Abu Bakr
2683:Muhammad
2638:and the
2613:Khawarij
2529:, toys,
2508:Islamism
2504:Quilliam
2464:al-Qaeda
2407:militant
2369:apostate
2320:, while
2145:Rashidun
2123:Islamist
2120:militant
2105:the West
2098:militant
2090:Jihadism
1821:Al-Qaeda
1773:Salafism
1763:Islamism
1707:Shahidka
1671:Jihadism
1156:Militant
1076:Deobandi
952:Jihadism
868:Concepts
818:Islamism
795:Politics
760:Islamism
752:a series
750:Part of
687:Glossary
673:Jihadism
646:Violence
641:Islamism
612:Muhammad
598:Apostasy
541:Politics
491:Feminism
486:Exorcism
447:Diaspora
432:Children
427:Calendar
355:Rashidun
333:Muhammad
328:Timeline
289:Mathnawi
151:Prophets
95:a series
93:Part of
18:Jihadist
10600:Balkans
10380:Slavery
10348:Related
10271:in Iraq
10218:Taliban
10162:Qutbism
10095:Related
10046:Ibn Baz
9718:Taliban
9706:Related
9602:Ennahda
9406:Emirate
9366:Qutbism
9353:Outline
9292:mei.edu
9136:Bibcode
9130:(1–2).
8534:Reuters
8238:5 April
6607:(5–6).
5977:25 June
5576:"Jihad"
5430:12 June
5391:12 June
4452:3 April
4281:group."
4136:Qutbism
3925:Morocco
3790:as an "
3768:member
3693:Alawite
3464:Shuhada
3329:Muslims
3316:Beliefs
3310:Zaidism
3116:Taliban
3050:in the
2884:Qutbism
2870:poverty
2779:formed
2619:Qutbism
2559:History
2487:Muslims
2458:at the
2373:infidel
2343:crusade
2275:Shahada
2264:of the
2237:global
2178:secular
2168:Qutbism
2149:Umayyad
2131:Islamic
1809:Taliban
1768:Qutbism
1061:Barelvi
969:aspects
932: (
823:Qutbism
785:Culture
780:History
568:Slavery
551:Science
506:Madrasa
501:Finance
412:Animals
400:society
396:Culture
368:Imamate
348:Sahabah
321:History
291:(Poems)
276:(creed)
200:Fasting
128:Oneness
121:Beliefs
10486:events
9480:Sharia
9251:
9230:
9209:
9173:
9154:
9107:
9088:
9067:
9046:
9025:
9004:
8994:
8966:
8931:
8894:
8873:
8821:
8800:
8781:
8746:
8719:
8698:
8677:
8656:
8606:1 July
8544:1 July
8488:
8440:
8401:
8362:
8317:
8278:
8196:
8157:
8118:
8093:
8070:
8060:
8019:5 July
7937:5 July
7732:
7707:
7673:
7646:
7557:
7521:6 July
7504:
7417:
7354:16 May
7120:
7066:
7029:
6930:Sunnah
6923:
6881:
6856:
6819:
6676:13 May
6643:
6635:
6573:
6545:
6537:
6527:
6509:London
6474:
6464:
6450:London
6410:
6400:
6386:London
6356:
6249:
6198:
6188:
6170:Oxford
5913:
5891:Oxford
5867:
5804:
5712:
5702:
5684:Boston
5680:Berlin
5657:
5585:Oxford
5549:
5539:
5500:
5492:
5484:
5476:
5376:
5366:
5358:
5200:
5186:London
5158:
5148:
5116:
4992:
4984:
4942:
4932:
4887:
4877:
4863:London
4826:
4773:
4765:
4755:
4702:
4682:Leiden
4648:
4638:
4618:Boston
4614:Leiden
4522:
4483:
4368:
4360:
4350:
4060:Russia
3959:, and
3929:Jordan
3783:takfir
3672:ulemah
3643:, and
3604:Sharia
3469:Heaven
3428:caliph
3410:Hadith
3394:bid‘ah
3351:Houthi
3257:school
3221:takfīr
3071:, and
3069:Bosnia
3011:, and
2933:swords
2929:takbir
2880:jahili
2864:sharia
2709:kuffār
2700:takfīr
2666:Shīʿas
2664:, and
2662:Sunnīs
2585:, and
2571:, and
2474:, and
2125:, and
1702:Shahid
982:Sharia
880:Takfir
622:Hadith
536:Poetry
516:Mosque
481:Ethics
306:Sharia
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