Sunnah - Knowledge

2237: 2511:

centuries. He argued that Muhammad had come as a "moral reformer" and not a "pan-legit", and that the specifics of the sunnah would be agreed upon community of his followers, evolving with changing times as a "living and on-going process". He accepted the criticism of Western and Muslim scholars that the content of many hadith and isnad (chain of transmitters) had been tampered with by Muslims trying to prove the Muhammad had made a specific statement—but this did not make them fraudulent or forgeries, because if "Hadith verbally speaking does not go back to the Prophet, its spirit certainly does". Instead these collections of ahadith of al-Bukhari and al-Muslim's were

2315:, so that even the Qur'an was "to be interpreted in the light of traditions (i.e. hadith), and not vice versa". While the sunnah has often been called "second to the Quran", hadith has also been said to "rule over and interpret the Quran". Al-Shafiʿi "forcefully argued" that the sunnah stands "on equal footing with the Quran" (according to scholar Daniel Brown), both being divine revelation. As Al-Shafi'i put it, "the command of the Prophet is the command of God" This, though, contradicts another point Shafi made, which was the sunnah was below the Quran. 2399:, caused some Muslims to seek a more humanized figure of Muhammad. The miracle-performing "larger than life" prophetic figure was de-emphasized in favor of "a practical model for restoration of the Muslim community", a virtuous, progressive social reformer. Nasserist Egypt, for example, celebrated the "imam of socialism" rather than the cosmic "perfect man". One who argued against the idea of sunnah as divine revelation, and for the idea that Muhammad's mission was simply to transmit the Quran was 7304: 3035: 7293: 3189: 1887: 638: 47: 2517:(consensus or agreement of the Muslim scholars—which is another classical source of Islamic law). Doing so, they follow the spirit of Muhammad's mission, and "resurrect" the legal methodology of the pre-Shafi'i "Ancient schools". But just as second and third century Muslims could re-formulate hadith and law around a prophetic spirit, so can modern Muslims—redefining 1899: 2789:. Yet another piece of evidence offered is that "Prophet witness" is "the chief guarantee" of what is divine revelation. In other words, "Muslims only know the Quran is revelation because of Muhammad's testimony to this fact. If prophetic word is not to be trusted, then the Quran itself is open to suspicion." Since the Quran is not, the sunnah must be trustworthy. 2849:, "it must be remembered that the Quran text are couched in very general terms which it is the function of the sunnah to expand and elucidate, to make God's meaning absolutely clear." There are a number of verses in the Quran where "to understand the context, as well as the meaning", Muslims need to refer to the record of the life and example of Muhammad. 2186:'s history of early Islam, the term "Sunnah of the Prophet" is not only used "surprisingly infrequently", but used to refer to "political oaths or slogans used by rebels", or "a general standard of justice and right conduct", and not "to specific precedents set by Muhammad", let alone hadith. An early theological writing by 3791: 2606:

or "Exalted Character". To them Muhammad's attitude, his piety, the quality of his character constitute the truer and deeper aspect of what it means by sunnah in Islam, rather than the external aspects alone. They argue that the external custom of Muhammad loses its meaning without the inner attitude

2570:

thought this "the only source of sunnah that is beyond dispute". S.M. Yusuf argued "practice is best transmitted through practice", and a more reliable way to establish sunnah than hadith. He also believed that the passing down of practice from generation to generation independent of hadith explained

2406:

This era of rapid social and technological change, decline of Muslim power, and replacement of classical madhhab by Western-inspired legal codes in Muslim lands, also suggested a turn away from the "detailed precedents in civil and political affairs", called for by traditional hadith, "for if worldly

2339:

Hadith was now systematically collected and documented, but several generations having passed since the time of its occurrence meant that "many of the reports attributed to the Prophet are apocryphal or at least are of dubious historical authenticity" (according to Abou El Fadl). "In fact, one of the

2099:

The traditions not directly sourced from hadith or practice of Muhammad and instead traced solely to some Sahabah were also acknowledged as a source of jurisprudence. These were regarded by scholars of Islam – such as Nawawi – as "unrecorded hadith" which, while not explicitly attributed to Muhammad

1543:

since most of the personality traits of Muhammad are known from descriptions of him, his sayings and his actions from hadith. According to Seyyed Nasr, the hadith contains the words of Muhammad, while the sunnah contains his words and actions along with pre-Islamic practices of which he approved. In

2385:

Know that the key to joy is following the sunnah and imitating the Prophet in all his comings and goings, words and deeds, extending to his manner of eating, rising, sleeping and speaking. I do not say this only in relation to requirements of religion , for there is no escaping these; rather, this

2835:

unlike the Quran, it was not "preserved in writing" until over a century after Muhammad's death, which opens the question of how much corruption and/or error entered the writings and why, if it was divinely revealed, eternal truth, orders were not given to the earliest Muslims to write it down as

2318:

Sunnah of Muhammad outranked all other, and "broad agreement" developed that "hadith must be the basis for authentication of any sunnah", (according to M. O. Farooq). Al-Shafiʿi's success was such that later writers "hardly ever thought of sunnah as comprising anything but that of the Prophet".

2194:) also is "empty of references to specific cases" when mentioning "Sunnah of the Prophet". Daniel Brown states that the first extant writings of Islamic legal reasoning were "virtually hadith-free" and argues that other examples of a lack of connection between sunnah and hadith can be found in: 2510:

and former head of Pakistan's Central Institute for Islamic Research, advanced another idea for how the (prophetic) sunnah—the normative example of Muhammad—should be understood: as "a general umbrella concept" but not one "filled with absolutely specific content", or that was static over the

1356:

In the pre-Islamic period, sunnah was used to mean "manner of acting", whether good or bad. During the early Islamic period, the term referred to any good precedent set by people of the past, including both Muhammad, and his companions. In addition, the sunnah of Muhammad was not necessarily

2447:

in general" was "unwavering", as was their opposition to "Hadith denialism". At the same time they agreed that restoring relevant Sharia required "some reformulation" of the law, which would require a return to sources, which required agreement on how the sources were to be "interpreted and

2563:) – are known to Muslim from being passed down 'from the many to the many' (according to scholars of fiqh such as Al-Shafi'i), bypassing books of hadith, (which were more often consulted for answers to details not agreed upon or not frequently practiced) and issues of authenticity. 2403:(1903–1985). He quoted the Quranic verse "The messenger has no duty except to proclaim " (Q.5:99), and pointed out several other verses where God corrects something Muhammad has done or said (8:67), (9:43), (66:1), thus demonstrating Muhammad's lack of supernatural knowledge. 2852:

It is thought that verses 16:44 and 64 indicate that Muhammed's mission "is not merely that of a deliveryman who simply delivers the revelation from Allah to us, rather, he has been entrusted with the most important task of explaining and illustrating" the Quran.

1348:

According to Muslim belief, Muhammad was the best exemplar for Muslims, and several verses in the Quran declare his conduct exemplary, and enjoin his followers to obey him. Sunnah provides a basis not only for major laws and rituals in Islam like how to pray

2888:

For example, while the Quran presents the general principles of praying, fasting, paying zakat, or making pilgrimage, they are presented "without the illustration found in Hadith, for these acts of worship remain as abstract imperatives in the Qur'an".

2589:

and through their perpetual recitation. Consequently, Ghamidi sees this more limited sunnah of continuous practice as the true sunnah – equally authentic to the Quran, but shedding orthodox sunnah and avoiding problematic basis of the hadith.

1298:

that constitute a model for Muslims to follow. The sunnah is what all the Muslims of Muhammad's time supposedly saw and followed and passed on to the next generations. According to classical Islamic theories, the sunnah are documented by

3808:وقال: { لَقَدْ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ بَعَثَ فِيهِمْ رَسُولًا مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ يَتْلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِهِ، وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ، وَيُعَلِّمُهُمْ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ، وَإِنْ كَانُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ لَفِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ 2233:). As the hadith came to be better documented and the scholars who validated them gained prestige, the sunnah came often to be known mostly through the hadith, especially as variant or fictional biographies of Muhammad spread. 1552:

scholars are assumed to have differentiated between the two: for example Malik is said to have rejected some traditions that reached him because, according to him, they were against the "established practice of the people of

1523:"anything narrated from or about the Prophet... either before or after he became a prophet, of his statements, actions, confirmations, biography, and his physical character and attributes" (used by scholars of hadith). 2327:

While the earliest Muslim lawyers "felt no obligation" to provide documentation of hadith when arguing their case, and the sunnah was not recorded and written during Muhammad's lifetime, (according to scholar

2857:˹We sent them˺ with clear proofs and divine Books. And We have sent down to you ˹O Prophet˺ the Reminder, so that you may explain to people what has been revealed for them, and perhaps they will reflect. 2336:

and a "broad agreement" that hadith should be used to authenticate sunnah (according to M. O. Farooq), over the course of the second century, when legal works began incorporating Prophetic hadith.

4623:"'Abu Hurayra' a Narrator of Hadith Revisited: An Examination into the Dichotomous Representations of an Important Figure in Hadith with Special Reference to Classical Islamic Modes of Criticism" 2423:

to the law of the lands of Islam it had been before being replaced by "secular, Western-inspired law codes" of colonialism and modernity. Like modernists, revivalists "vehemently rejected"

3698: 2006:'s companion, newly converted Muslims accepted and rejected some set of creed by using reason. So many early Muslim scholars started writing books on creed entitled as "sunnah". 2658:

Since We have sent you a messenger from among yourselves—reciting to you Our revelations, purifying you, teaching you the Book and wisdom, and teaching you what you never knew

2112:, by basing the ethic in az-Zubayr practice, which was narrated by his son, Abdulah. Another manners and ethic ruling based on az-Zubayr is the prohibition of sleeping after 3096:(six major hadith collections) followed in Sunni Islam, therefore in Shia and Sunni Islam, the sunnah refer to different collections of religious canonical literature. 1998:, al-Humaydî, Ibn Abî 'Âsim, Abû Dâwûd, and Abû Nasr al-Marwazî) reportedly used the term "the sunnah" narrowly to refer to Sunni Doctrine as opposed to the creeds of 4479:

Juynboll, G.H.A., "Some New Ideas on the Development of Sunna as a Technical Term in Early Islam", "Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam" 10 (1987): p.108, cited in

2030:", which is thought to mean "the way or practice of the ancients". It is described as something "that has passed away" or prevented unbelievers from accepting God. " 2026:), i.e. the way/practice of Muhammad (there are several verses calling on Muslims to obey Muhammad—see below). Four verses (8.38, 15.13, 18.55) use the expression " 1481:"the Sunna of the Prophet, i.e., his sayings and doings, later established as legally binding precedents" (along with the Law established by the Quran) (Hans Wehr); 7053: 6935: 2360:

school disagrees holding that there was no sunnah whose fulfillment is not rewarded or neglect punished, while classical Islam holds that following non-binding

1955:

In addition to being "the way" of Islam or the traditional social and legal custom and practice of the Islamic community, sunnah is often used as a synonym for

6303: 5261:

Okumus, Fatih. "The Prophet as Example". Studies in Inter religious Dialogue 18 (2008): 82–95. Religion Index. Ebsco. Thomas Tredway Library, Rock Island, IL.

2227:

According to one source (Ahmad Kazemi Moussavi and Karim Douglas Crow), early Sunni scholars often considered sunnah equivalent to the biography of Muhammed (

4445:

Farooq, Mohammad Omar (1 January 2011). "Qard Hasan, Wadiah/Amanah and Bank Deposits: Applications and Misapplications of Some Concepts in Islamic Banking".

3671: 3559: 2615:

The Qur'an contains numerous commands to follow Muhammad. Among the Quranic verses quoted as demonstrating the importance of hadith/sunnah to Muslims are:

2292:, and Syria, had a more flexible definition of sunnah than is now commonly used. This being the "acceptable norms" or "custom", which included examples of 6920: 2773:). Other events mentioned in the Quran that already happened without Quranic command or description include a dream in which Muhammad would enter Mecca ( 4622: 2602:

who incorporate both the outer and inner reality of Muhammad, the deeper and true sunnah are the noble characteristics and inner state of Muhammad –

3881: 7019: 2821:, sunnah was not revealed and transmitted verbatim, as was the Quran; it was often transmitted giving the sense or gist of what was said (known as 2714:– "For Allah hath sent down to thee the Book and wisdom and taught thee what thou Knewest not (before): and great is the Grace of Allah unto thee." 2377:

beloved of God, an intercessor, a "channel of divine light". Imitating his every action is "the ultimate expression" of piety. or in the words of

2828:

the process of revelation was not "external, entirely independent of the influence of the messenger"; it bares the "personality" or "mentality" (

2755:

Another piece of evidence for the divinity of the Sunnah—according to its supporters—are verses in the Quran that refer to revelations not found

3997:, p. 282, Narrated by Urwah ibn az-Zubayr, that his father forbade his sons to sleep during morning prayer time;narrated by Hadith scholar 3695: 3264:

was one of the first companions to write down the hadith, after receiving permission from Muhammad to do so. Abu Hurayrah memorized the hadith.

2722:– "...but remember Allah's grace upon you and that which He hath revealed unto you of the Scripture and of wisdom, whereby He doth exhort you." 2036:" (the "way of God") appears eight times in five verses. In addition, verse 17.77 talks of both the way of other, earlier Muslim messengers ( 5689: 4482: 2674:

Indeed, in the Messenger of Allah you have an excellent example for whoever has hope in Allah and the Last Day, and remembers Allah often.

1360:

The classical meaning that now prevails was introduced later in the late second century of Islam, when under the influence of the scholar

6950: 4707: 3371: 2340:

most complex disciplines in Islamic jurisprudence is one which attempts to differentiate between authentic and inauthentic traditions."

2064:) that sunnah predates both the Quran and Muhammad, and is actually the tradition of the prophets of God, specifically the tradition of 1372:

then eventually came to be viewed as synonymous with the sunnah of Muhammad, based on hadith reports. Recording the sunnah was also an

4266: 2693:) have been declared to be a function of Muhammad along with the teachings of the scripture. Several Quranic verses mention "wisdom" ( 7024: 6940: 7041: 2873:

We have revealed to you the Book only to clarify for them what they differed about, and as a guide and mercy for those who believe.

2785:; all "definitive proof that besides the Quran other commands came to the Prophet by the agency of waḥy", according to revivalist 7004: 6925: 3401: 3261: 3245:

Ahmad Hasan calls the dictum that states: "The Sunnah decides upon the Qur'an, while the Qur'an does not decide upon the Sunnah"

2494:

problem of hadith authenticity raised by modernist and Western critics, while reaching back to pre-al-Shafiʿi meaning of sunnah.

2452:) for its spirit and relevance "within the context of the Sharia as a whole" according to the method of scholars of Islamic law ( 421: 3476: 1484:"All of the traditions and practices of the Prophet" of Islam, "that have become models to be followed" by Muslims (M. A. Qazi); 6945: 5893: 4531:

Motzki, Harald (1991). "The Muṣannaf of ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Sanʿānī as a Source of Authentic Ahadith of the First Century A.H.".

2407:

matters require detailed prophetic guidance, then every age will require a new prophet to accommodate changing circumstances".

1605: 1250: 2014:

The word "sunna" appears several times in the Qur'an, but there is no specific mention of sunnah of the messenger or prophet (

6955: 6912: 3543:

Juynboll, G. H. A. (1997). "Sunna". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.).

1353:, but for "even the most mundane activities", such as the order in which to cut fingernails or the proper length of a beard. 308: 2236: 5721: 5565: 5503: 2705:

refers to the sunnah, and this connection between sunnah and the Quran is evidence of the sunnah's divinity and authority.

1749: 5271: 2598:

Sufi thinkers "emphasized personal spirituality and piety rather than the details of fiqh". According to the view of some

2523:

and replacing medieval laws against bank interest with measures that help the poor without harming economic productivity.

4111: 699: 3099:

The primary collections of Shia community were written by three authors known as the "Three Muhammads", and they are:

2575:, another Modernist, this passing down by continuous practice of the Muslim community (which also indicates consensus, 2571:

why early schools of law did not differentiate between sunnah of the caliphate and sunnah of the prophet. According to

2307:, argued against flexible sunnah and the use of precedents from multiple sources, emphasizing the final authority of a 1929: 1520:"the statements, actions and approvals (or disapprovals) of Prophet Muhammad", (definition used by "legal theorists"); 6807: 6761: 6421: 6415: 5826: 5805: 5779: 5738: 5669: 5516: 4605: 4492: 4419: 4337: 4276: 3891: 3633: 3109: 3074: 2419:

emerged. Activists rather than theorists, they sought "to restore Islam to ascendency", and in particular to restore

1714: 1629: 486: 5854: 3941: 3718: 6678: 6534: 6069: 5965: 3820: 2280:). The ancient regional schools of law, located in several major cities of the new Arab empire of Islam, including 86: 2458:) and weeding out corrupted hadith inconsistent with "reason, with human nature, and with historical conditions". 1487:"the body of traditional social and legal custom and practice of the Islamic community" (Encyclopædia Britannica); 7162: 6978: 668: 3985:, p. 171, Muwatta Imam Malik, no.3424. Nawawi take this ruling from Muwatta despite being Shafiite scholar) 7227: 6785: 6683: 5703: 4169: 3056: 2482:

Although "most writers agree", including skeptics, that "sunnah and hadith must stand or fall together", some (

1742: 1676: 1502: 613: 4232: 6595: 6354: 6089: 4637: 2002:

and other non-Sunni Islamic sects. Sunnah literally means "face", "nature", "lifestyle", etc. In the time of

1652: 357: 5296: 4056:

Juynboll, G. H. A. (1987). "Some New Ideas on the Development of Sunna as a Technical Term in Early Islam".

2276:

in the second century of Islam, limited sunnah to "traditions traced back to the Prophet Muhammad himself" (

1303:(the verbally transmitted record of the teachings, deeds and sayings, silent permissions or disapprovals of 7328: 7147: 7124: 6744: 6600: 6590: 6496: 6207: 5248: 2109: 389: 3794:[The Message Book/Statement of God’s obligation in His Book to follow the Sunnah of His Prophet]. 2924:– the approvals of Muhammad regarding the actions of the Companions which occurred in two different ways: 1456:"habitual practice, customary procedure or action, norm, usage sanctioned by tradition" (Wehr Dictionary); 7249: 7114: 6930: 6698: 6491: 5926: 2416: 1796: 1709: 1647: 1326: 436: 263: 7009: 6892: 6409: 5886: 5730: 5695: 4049: 1243: 476: 5543: 4300: 2096:

Prior to the "golden age of classical Islamic jurisprudence", the "ancient schools" of law prevailed.

7089: 6790: 6619: 6315: 6095: 6058: 3120: 1791: 1459:"a body of established customs and beliefs that make up a tradition" (Oxford Islamic Studies Online); 571: 283: 2145:'s deathbed instructions on where Muslims should seek guidance: from the Qur'an, the early Muslims ( 1391:). In Islam, the word "sunnah" is also used to refer to religious duties that are optional, such as 7244: 6973: 6797: 6570: 6108: 2813:, argue that the sunnah falls short of the standard of the Quran in divinity. Specifically because 2560: 1338: 503: 303: 5866: 5192: 3435: 7107: 5981: 3851: 3333: 3158:

Shiite scholars do not believe that everything in the four major books of the Shia is authentic.

3052: 3045: 2209: 1854: 1756: 1079: 98: 6135: 3625: 2960:(Islamic jurisprudence), sunnah denotes whatever though not obligatory, is "firmly established ( 2607:

and also many hadiths are simply custom of the Arabs, not something that is unique to Muhammad.

7259: 7188: 7157: 7097: 6079: 6074: 5992: 2369: 1922: 1774: 1737: 1214: 552: 318: 20: 4466: 2367:

Sufis see the "division between binding and non-binding" sunnah as "meaningless". Muhammad is

7205: 7183: 6002: 5879: 5661: 4329: 2730:– "And bear in mind which is recited in your houses of the revelations of God and of wisdom." 2151:) who emigrated to Medina with Muhammad, the Medina residents who welcomed and supported the 1761: 1691: 1345:

who hold that Muhammad transmitted the values of sunnah "through a series of Sufi teachers".

1236: 547: 372: 156: 111: 4409: 3409: 2352:(the "personal habits and preferences" of Muhammad); and that which is binding on Muslims – 1376:

tradition and once they converted to Islam, Arabians brought this custom to their religion.

7333: 6872: 6779: 6724: 5063:

Rahman, Fazlur (1 January 1962). "Concepts Sunnah, Ijtihād and Ijmā' in the Early Period".

4633: 4321: 3207: 2786: 2463: 2440: 2436: 1665: 873: 4598:

An Introduction to the Conservation of Hadith: In the Light of Sahifah Hammam ibn Munabbih

3020:), etc., as discussed in great detail in the authoritative books of al-Khatîb al-Baghdâdî. 3004:), and the host of the ancillary hadîth sciences such as the circumstances of occurrence ( 8: 7102: 6983: 6877: 6693: 6190: 5987: 5188: 3913: 2572: 2503: 2487: 2483: 2471: 2400: 2329: 2229: 2105: 2061: 1847: 1612: 1581: 1528: 948: 661: 557: 191: 91: 1539:

In the context of biographical records of Muhammad, sunnah often stands synonymous with

7264: 7178: 7029: 6965: 6773: 6749: 6426: 6404: 6364: 6254: 6167: 6118: 6084: 5975: 5072: 4548: 3618: 2950:"non-binding sunnah", which Muslims are not subject to "penalty for failure to follow". 2300:, and practices that "had gained general acceptance among the jurists of that school". 1859: 1684: 1598: 581: 538: 508: 491: 466: 411: 367: 79: 2936:

It may be also divided into sunnah that is binding for Muslims and that which is not.

2912:", since the sayings of Muhammad are noted down by the companions and called "hadith". 1470: 969: 7239: 7234: 7139: 7129: 7119: 6802: 6688: 6640: 6483: 6394: 6155: 6145: 6140: 6130: 6125: 5958: 5822: 5801: 5775: 5734: 5699: 5665: 5512: 5321: 4601: 4552: 4488: 4462: 4415: 4333: 4272: 4165: 3887: 3629: 3468: 3431: 2507: 2395:

In the 19th century, "social and political turmoil" starting with the decline of the

2205: 1915: 1732: 1588: 1564: 1498: 1373: 1219: 622: 586: 533: 446: 406: 268: 4135:

Melanges d'orientalisme offerts a Henri Masse à l'occasion de son 75ème anniversaire

2642:

Your fellow man is neither misguided nor astray. Nor does he speak of his own whims.

7269: 7254: 7014: 6719: 6441: 6379: 6369: 6359: 6344: 6150: 6053: 6025: 5913: 4540: 4454: 4326:

Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy

4046:

Muslim Traditions: Studies in Chronology, Provenance and Authorship of Early Hadith

3130: 2531:

Some of the most basic and important features of the sunnah – worship rituals like

2161:), the people of the desert, and the protected communities of Jews and Christians ( 2108:'s ruling regarding ethics of sitting down during eating and drinking in his book, 2037: 1903: 1871: 1864: 431: 426: 377: 362: 347: 256: 135: 5798:

Hadith as Scripture: Discussions on the Authority of Prophetic Traditions in Islam

2127:

the difference in the number of lashes used to punish alcohol consumption, Caliph

2100:

himself – were clearly practiced by the first generation of Muhammad's followers.

2052:) of those whom we sent before you, and you will not find any change in Our way ( 1973:(obligatory), regarding some commendable action (usually the saying of a prayer). 1490:"the actions and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad" (Oxford Islamic Studies Online). 7195: 6902: 6847: 6647: 6333: 6293: 6244: 6196: 5970: 5849: 5816: 5769: 3998: 3702: 3475:. Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World Affairs at Georgetown University. 3174: 3092: 2172: 1616: 1446: 1441: 1419: 1292: 1284: 1179: 1024: 566: 382: 342: 331: 313: 216: 161: 74: 5757:

Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God

2679: 2448:

understand" and reassessment of hadith. This involved examining hadith content (

1368:

was given priority over all other precedents set by other authorities. The term

7307: 7034: 6887: 6729: 6431: 3170: 2782: 2769:) in the Quran, but God in the Quran does say He appointed the original qibla ( 2759:

the Quran. For example, there is no verse mentioning the original direction of

2752:). Hense, the imitation of Muhammad helps Muslims to know and be loved by God. 2187: 2041: 1545: 1466: 1361: 687: 654: 526: 513: 471: 416: 30: 2797:

The minority argument against the sunnah of Muhammad being divine revelation (

2175:), the classical Islamic definition of sunnah as the customs and practices of 7322: 7210: 7047: 6897: 6436: 6399: 6374: 6259: 4458: 3787: 3104: 2846: 2459: 2396: 2357: 2333: 2304: 2157: 1194: 1059: 1049: 1039: 591: 496: 456: 4582: 2805:

who al-Shāfiʿī argued against in the second century of Islam. Their modern "

7297: 7222: 6882: 6734: 6612: 6328: 6232: 6220: 5934: 3194: 3125: 2937: 2116:, as well as the one concerning the ethics of sitting down while drinking. 2113: 2032: 1950: 1891: 1786: 1393: 1154: 1114: 1094: 878: 858: 642: 598: 335: 67: 56: 4162:

Facing One Qiblah: Legal and Doctrinal Aspects of Sunni and Shi'ah Muslims

3762: 2947:

sunnah from "Muhammad's own ra'y and is binding, but subject to revision";

2490:) have attempted to "establish a basis for sunnah independent of hadith", 1434: 1406: 6859: 6349: 6288: 6215: 6102: 5622: 3143: 3138: 2980:

According to scholar Gibril Fouad Haddad, the "sciences of the Sunnah" ('

2567: 2467: 2088:, when Muhammad reinstituted this practice as an integral part of Islam. 2085: 1801: 1330: 1164: 1019: 394: 352: 276: 5374: 5362: 5350: 5076: 3929: 3510: 3498: 2918:– the actions of Muhammad, including both religious and worldly actions. 2881: 2865: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2726: 2718: 2710: 2682: 2666: 2636: 2632: 2348:

Islam jurists divide sunnah into that which has no legal consequences –

1509: 7152: 6249: 6224: 5236: 3917: 3113: 3059: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2650: 2628: 2624: 2491: 2378: 2265: 2220: 2069: 1995: 1379:

The sunnah of Muhammad as based on hadith includes his specific words (

1209: 1174: 399: 3008:), knowledge of the abrogating and abrogated hadîth, difficult words ( 2930:

When Muhammad showed his pleasure and smiled for a companion's action.

2429:

and were not particularly interested in the classical schools of law (

6867: 6298: 6113: 5755:

Hamza, Feras (2014). "Sunna". In Fitzpatrick, C.; Walker, A. (eds.).

5646:

See al-Siba'i, As-Sunna wa Makanatuha fi at-Tashri' al-Islami (p.47).

4204:(Oxford, 1950, repre. 1964) esp. 6-20 and 133-137): Ignaz Goldziher, 3202: 2663: 2183: 2147: 2101: 1957: 1129: 1044: 1034: 1009: 964: 898: 893: 843: 808: 298: 4110: 3034: 7200: 6706: 6564: 6516: 6310: 6264: 6228: 5953: 5760: 4544: 2806: 2312: 2303:

Abū ʿAbdullāh Muhammad ibn Idrīs al-Shāfiʿī (150–204 AH), known as

2176: 2132: 2003: 1572: 1506: 1304: 1295: 1224: 1149: 1134: 1029: 748: 743: 738: 733: 608: 576: 290: 224: 4137:(in French). Tehran: Imprimerie de l'université. pp. 361–365. 3653:

World Spirituality: An Encyclopedia History of the Religious Quest

2454: 7215: 6821: 6509: 6389: 6281: 6274: 6269: 6011: 3151: 2878: 2862: 2647: 2586: 2431: 2293: 2269: 2077: 2065: 1819: 1781: 1321:) delivered through Muhammad that make up the primary sources of 1204: 1109: 1089: 1004: 938: 928: 883: 848: 763: 758: 753: 728: 441: 118: 5566:"Prophet Muhammed (p) Was Sent to Teach & Explain the Quran" 2477: 6739: 6713: 6672: 6633: 6550: 6463: 6384: 6239: 6185: 6180: 5947: 5871: 5860: 4133:

Schacht, Joseph (1963). "Sur l-expression 'Sunna du Prophet'".

3212: 2909: 2599: 2444: 2425: 2420: 2308: 2297: 2261: 2257: 2163: 1990:("people of the tradition and the community (of Muhammad)") or 1829: 1624: 1593: 1554: 1549: 1540: 1365: 1322: 1300: 1184: 1144: 1124: 1104: 1084: 1069: 999: 989: 984: 979: 974: 943: 933: 923: 918: 868: 833: 823: 773: 718: 461: 451: 240: 208: 200: 185: 63: 2927:

When Muhammad kept silent for an action and did not oppose it.

6988: 6813: 6767: 6755: 6557: 6543: 6502: 6175: 6032: 6018: 5939: 5902: 3155: 2765: 2760: 2550: 2539: 2533: 2443:

support for "the authority of sunnah and the authenticity of

2289: 2281: 2081: 1983: 1969: 1963: 1672: 1350: 1312: 1308: 1264: 1199: 1189: 1169: 1159: 1099: 1074: 1054: 1014: 994: 903: 888: 863: 853: 838: 828: 818: 813: 793: 778: 768: 691: 603: 481: 172: 130: 123: 46: 38: 2697:) coupled with "scripture" or "the book" (i.e. the Quran) – 6654: 6626: 6576: 6523: 6468: 6039: 4240:

Loyola Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review

3087: 2956: 2748: 2738:

was revealed. Modern Sunni scholars have examined both the

2577: 2555: 2545: 2519: 2513: 2285: 2273: 2142: 2136: 2073: 1999: 1824: 1342: 1334: 1317: 1139: 1119: 1064: 908: 803: 723: 708: 232: 140: 5767: 5723:

The Sources of Islamic Law: Islamic Theories of Abrogation

5505:

The Sources of Islamic Law: Islamic Theories of Abrogation

4010: 2581:) was similar to how the Qur’ān has been "received by the 3166: 2781:); and the dispute over the division of spoils after the 2128: 783: 5272:"Obey Allah and Obey the Messenger; One or Two Sources?" 2415:

With de-colonialization in the late 20th century, a new

2701:. Mainstream scholars starting with al-Shafi'i believe 1531:

before it became widely used in Islamic jurisprudence.

5850:

The Sunna as Primordiality by Sheikh Abdal Hakim Murad

4208:, trans and ed. Wolfgang Behn (Leiden, 1971), 20 ff... 3547:. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Brill. pp. 878–879. 2908:– the sayings of Muhammad, generally synonymous with " 1465:"precedent" or "way of life" (pre-Islamic definition, 5484:

56, 6 Manṣib-i-risālat nambar (1961): 193; quoted in

5460: 5458: 5456: 1994:

for short. Some early Sunnî Muslim scholars (such as

4160:

Moussavi, Ahmad Kazemi; Douglas Crow, Karim (2005).

4159: 3792:"كتاب الرسالة/بيان فرض الله في كتابه اتباع سنة نبيه" 3184: 2746:

in order to justify modifications to jurisprudence (

1516:

Islam Web gives two slightly different definitions:

1277: 1269: 5600: 5598: 5596: 4868: 4866: 4801: 4799: 3284: 3282: 3280: 1527:It was first used with the meaning of "law" in the 5453: 4935: 4933: 4676: 4674: 4411:The Position of Women in Islam: A Progressive View 4090: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4080: 3617: 3577: 3372:"What is the Difference Between Quran and Sunnah?" 3293:. Lahore, Pakistan: Kazi Publications. p. 65. 2585:" (Muslim community) through the consensus of the 2526: 2256:The golden age, starting with the creation of the 1291:), is the body of traditions and practices of the 3327: 3325: 3323: 3248:ألسنة قاضي على ألقرﺁن ,وليس ﺁلقرﺁن بقاض على ألسنة 7320: 5593: 5537: 5535: 4863: 4796: 4114:(1974). van Ess, Josef (ed.). "Kitāb al-Irjāʾ". 3306: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3277: 1505:, based on his interpretation of Qur'an chapter 4986: 4984: 4930: 4671: 4164:. Singapore: Pustaka Nasional. pp. 87–90. 4150:ed. M. Z. al-Kawthari (Cairo, 1368 A.H.), 34-38 4077: 3289:Qazi, M. A.; El-Dabbas, Mohammed Saʿid (1979). 2244:, an important work for the implication of the 1462:"a path, a way, a manner of life" (M. A. Qazi); 5691:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 5607:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 5544:"What Is the Significance of Hadith in Islam?" 5488:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 5467:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 5446:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 5430:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 5409:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 5388:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 5336:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 5222:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 5132:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4974:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4958:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4942:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4923:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4907:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4891:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4875:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4856:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4840:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4824:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4808:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4789:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4773:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4757:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4741:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4683:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4664:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4568:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4517:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4484:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4394:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4097:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4070:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 4025:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 3602:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 3586:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 3524:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 3320: 3313:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought 5887: 5532: 5028: 5026: 4206:The Zahiris: Their Doctrine and their History 3463: 3461: 3297: 3288: 2478:Alternatives to classical hadith based sunnah 1923: 1244: 662: 4981: 3655:. 19 vols. New York: Crossroad Swag. 97–109. 3331: 3246: 2996:), his everyday sayings and acts or "ways" ( 2968:)" in Islam "on the basis of a legal proof ( 2497: 1428: 1413: 5759:. Vol. II. Santa Barbara, California: 5474: 4233:"Islamic Law: The impact of Joseph Schacht" 3712: 3710: 3538: 3536: 3534: 2593: 2044:, etc.), and of "our way", i.e. God's way: 1453:"habit" or "usual practice" (USC glossary); 5894: 5880: 5814: 5511:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 34. 5023: 4595: 4583:"Biography of Abdullah Ibn Amr ibn al-'As" 4487:. Cambridge University Press. p. 10. 4268:The 10 Things You Need to Know About Islam 3994: 3982: 3786: 3458: 2777:); Muhammad's marriage to Zayd's ex-wife ( 2322: 1930: 1916: 1251: 1237: 669: 655: 16:Literature on Muhammad's deeds and sayings 5768:Ibn Abdul Aziz Asy-Syalhub, Fuad (2019). 5426:, (16th edition, Lahore), 329, quoted in 4440: 4438: 3615: 3075:Learn how and when to remove this message 2060:This indicates to some scholars (such as 4055: 4043: 3821:"The Sunnah of the Prophet: Definitions" 3707: 3620:Introduction to Islamic Theology and Law 3542: 3531: 2332:), all this changed with the triumph of 2235: 2201:of al-Hasan b. Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya; 2167:); hadith of Muhammad are not mentioned. 2091: 1400: 1333:classical Islamic theories are those of 5324:"Marif al-Hadith", introductory chapter 5187: 4381:, ed. Muhammad Shakir (Cairo, 1940), 84 4202:The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence 4132: 3749:The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence 3746: 3719:"A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic" 3665: 3663: 3661: 3647: 3645: 3624:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP. p. 2845:According to John Burton, paraphrasing 2619:Say: Obey Allah and obey the Messenger. 7321: 5089: 5062: 5047: 5032: 5014: 4990: 4530: 4444: 4435: 3942:"The Meaning of 'Sunna' in the Qur'an" 3845: 3751:. Oxford University Press. p. 58. 3669: 3557: 3551: 3479:from the original on 12 September 2018 3436:"Difference between Hadith and Sunnah" 3430: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3332:Abou El Fadl, Khaled (22 March 2011). 3165:one often finds sermons attributed to 2610: 2171:According to historians (particularly 7074: 6842: 6458: 5875: 5867:5 Actionalbe Sunnah backed by science 5863:, Center For Muslim–Jewish Engagement 5754: 5655: 5541: 4620: 4230: 4058:Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 3651:Nasr, Seyyed H. "Sunnah and Hadith". 3444:Fundamentals of Hadith Interpretation 3291:A Concise Dictionary of Islamic Terms 3000:), his personal and moral qualities ( 2975: 2840: 2734:Therefore, along with the Quran, the 2410: 1440: 1418: 6843: 6459: 5855:The Meaning of "Sunna" in the Qur’an 5795: 4715:. ABC International Group. p. 5 4705: 4352:Al-Darimi, Sunan, Cairo, 1349 1:145. 4112:al-Hasan b. Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya 3879: 3864: 3658: 3642: 3057:adding citations to reliable sources 3028: 3024: 2940:(213-276 AH) distinguished between: 1534: 1364:, Muhammad's example as recorded in 5590:source: al Muwafaqat, Afal al Rasul 5199:Islam: A Comprehensive Introduction 4407: 3670:Hameed, Shahul (24 November 2014). 3558:Hameed, Shahul (24 November 2014). 3389: 3351: 3247: 2792: 2364:is meritorious but not obligatory. 1429: 1424: 1414: 1288: 13: 5681: 5620: 5201:] (in Urdu). Lahore: Al-Mawrid 4362:Hasan, A., "The Theory of Naskh", 4264: 3966: 3848:Introduction to Middle Eastern Law 3446:] (in Urdu). Lahore: Al-Mawrid 2892: 2390: 2343: 14: 7345: 5843: 5719: 5687: 5604: 5501: 5485: 5464: 5443: 5427: 5406: 5385: 5333: 5219: 5171: 5170:, Lahore, 1966, p. 40, quoted in 5150: 5129: 5113: 4971: 4955: 4939: 4920: 4904: 4888: 4872: 4853: 4837: 4821: 4805: 4786: 4770: 4754: 4738: 4680: 4661: 4565: 4514: 4480: 4391: 4301:"Significance of Hadith in Islam" 4298: 4184: 4094: 4067: 4022: 3883:Islamic Spirituality: Foundations 3599: 3583: 3521: 3310: 3260:According to at least one source 2992:), the chronicle of his battles ( 2623:Which appears in several verses: 2474:being proponents of this effort. 2386:includes every area of behavior . 2179:(only) was not the original one. 1477:Its religious definition can be: 7303: 7302: 7291: 6822:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 6070:Timeline of the history of Islam 5901: 5649: 5640: 5614: 5584: 5558: 5495: 5437: 5416: 5395: 5379: 5367: 5355: 5343: 5327: 5315: 5289: 5264: 5149:, Lahore, 1966, p.31, quoted in 4735:Kitāb al-arba ʿin fi uṣūl al-Dīn 3716: 3187: 3033: 2809:", the modern successors of the 2251: 1986:Muslims are also referred to as 1976: 1897: 1885: 1497:(wisdom)", as per definition of 636: 45: 7163:List of ex-Muslim organisations 5255: 5241: 5229: 5213: 5181: 5160: 5139: 5123: 5107: 5098: 5083: 5056: 5041: 5008: 4999: 4965: 4949: 4914: 4898: 4882: 4847: 4831: 4815: 4780: 4764: 4748: 4727: 4699: 4690: 4655: 4614: 4589: 4575: 4559: 4533:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 4524: 4508: 4473: 4401: 4384: 4371: 4355: 4346: 4320: 4314: 4292: 4258: 4224: 4211: 4194: 4178: 4153: 4148:Kitab al-ʿalim wa'l-mutaʿāllim, 4141: 4126: 4104: 4032: 4016: 4011:Ibn Abdul Aziz Asy-Syalhub 2019 4004: 3988: 3976: 3960: 3934: 3922: 3907: 3873: 3858: 3839: 3813: 3780: 3755: 3740: 3689: 3609: 3593: 3515: 3254: 3239: 3230: 3044:needs additional citations for 2527:Sunnah from practice not hadith 2223:addressed to ʿUthman al-Battī". 2119:Other examples of this kind of 2009: 1942: 5821:(in Indonesian). Gema Insani. 5774:(in Indonesian). Darul Falah. 5174:Islamic Theories of Abrogation 5153:Islamic Theories of Abrogation 5116:Islamic Theories of Abrogation 5092:Islamic Methodology in History 5050:Islamic Methodology in History 5035:Islamic Methodology in History 5017:Islamic Methodology in History 4993:Islamic Methodology in History 4737:(Cairo, 1344), 89. Quoted in: 4361: 4219:An Introduction to Islamic Law 4187:Islamic Theories of Abrogation 3869:. Beirut: Seyyed Hossein Nasr. 3503: 3491: 3424: 3236:According to Mahmoud El-Gamal. 3110:Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni 2988:the biography of the Prophet ( 2901:is based may be divided into: 1: 5542:Kutty, Ahmad (6 March 2005). 4706:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1995). 4596:Hamidullah, Muhammad (2003). 4390:name="DWBRTMIT1996:18-20"> 3880:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1991). 3406:Oxford Islamic Studies Online 3218: 2559:(dawn to dusk fasting during 1315:) are the divine revelation ( 7148:Apostasy in Islam by country 7025:Liberalism and progressivism 4271:. Harvest House Publishers. 3473:BerkleyCenter.Georgetown.edu 3271: 2944:sunnah "brought by Gabriel"; 2131:reported that (Muhammad and 2076:and the Arab descendants of 7: 5658:Introduction to Shi'i Islam 4408:Ali, Syed Mohammed (2004). 4221:(1964), supra note 5, at 47 4044:Juynboll, G. H. A. (1983). 3180: 2689:The teachings of "wisdom" ( 1797:Hadith of the pen and paper 1435: 1407: 1278: 1270: 220:("Stories of the Prophets") 10: 7350: 7075: 5731:Edinburgh University Press 5696:Cambridge University Press 5660:. New Haven, Connecticut: 5403:Sunnat ki a ini haithiyyat 5297:"The Importance of Hadith" 4995:. Karachi. pp. 11–12. 4621:Ghani, Usman (July 2011). 4453:(2). Rochester, New York. 4050:Cambridge University Press 3090:Muslims do not follow the 2817:with the exception of the 2139:80) — "All this is sunna"; 1988:Ahl as-Sunnah wa'l-Jamā'ah 1948: 1341:interpret the sunnah, and 957:Legal vocations and titles 18: 7286: 7171: 7138: 7088: 7084: 7070: 6997: 6964: 6936:Geography and cartography 6911: 6858: 6854: 6838: 6664: 6586: 6533: 6482: 6478: 6454: 6324: 6206: 6166: 6049: 6001: 5925: 5921: 5910: 5818:Fiqih Praktis Sehari-hari 5688:Brown, Daniel W. (1996). 5052:. Karachi. pp. 6, 8. 4481:Brown, Daniel W. (1996). 4414:. SUNY Press. p. 7. 4288:– via Google Books. 3886:. Routledge. p. 97. 3747:Schacht, Joseph (1959) . 3672:"Why Hadith Is Important" 3616:Goldziher, Ignác (1981). 3560:"Why Hadith is Important" 3121:Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih 3016:), narrator biographies ( 1961:(encouraged) rather than 1387:), and silent approvals ( 7245:Islamic view of miracles 4459:10.1163/157302511X553985 4231:Forte, David F. (1978). 3767:Encyclopaedia Britannica 3726:Hans Wehr Searchable PDF 3440:Mabadi Tadabbur i Hadith 3223: 2836:they were for the Quran. 2435:). But revivalists like 1357:associated with hadith. 309:Medieval Islamic science 7010:Creationism (evolution) 5796:Musa, Aisha Y. (2008). 5322:Muhammad Manzoor Nomani 5090:Rahman, Fazlur (1965). 5048:Rahman, Fazlur (1965). 5033:Rahman, Fazlur (1965). 5015:Rahman, Fazlur (1965). 4991:Rahman, Fazlur (1965). 3852:Oxford University Press 3701:5 December 2010 at the 3338:ABC Religion and Ethics 3012:), narrator criticism ( 2323:Systemization of hadith 2272:, and other schools of 2210:Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan 1606:After Conquest of Mecca 1544:the context of sharia, 1337:Muslims, who hold that 7260:Persecution of Muslims 7158:List of former Muslims 6075:Succession to Muhammad 5815:Nu'man, Farid (2020). 5800:. New York: Palgrave. 5656:Momen, Moojan (1985). 5623:"The Meaning of Sunna" 5621:Haddad, Gibril Fouad. 5422:Mawdūdī, Abū al-ʿAlā, 5168:An Essay on the Sunnah 5147:An Essay on the Sunnah 5094:. Karachi. p. 77. 5037:. Karachi. p. 80. 5019:. Karachi. p. 75. 4600:. Islamic Book Trust. 3846:Mallat, Chibi (2007). 3545:Encyclopaedia of Islam 3022: 2954:In the terminology of 2886: 2870: 2687: 2671: 2655: 2621: 2388: 2248: 2058: 1792:Companions of Muhammad 1630:Milestones and records 1383:), habits, practices ( 319:Succession to Muhammad 21:Sunna (disambiguation) 7054:Conversion to mosques 6921:Alchemy and chemistry 5720:Burton, John (1990). 5662:Yale University Press 5502:Burton, John (1990). 5480:Abu al-ʿAlā Mawdūdī, 5405:, 135-139; quoted in 4330:Oneworld Publications 4322:Brown, Jonathan A. C. 2986: 2871: 2855: 2672: 2656: 2640: 2617: 2587:Muhammad's companions 2383: 2296:, the rulings of the 2294:Muhammad's companions 2239: 2092:History and etymology 2046: 1692:Splitting of the Moon 1401:Definitions and usage 1307:), and alongside the 6780:Ma malakat aymanukum 6355:Association football 5771:Ringkasan Kitab Adab 5226:: p.33, foot note 38 5189:Ghamidi, Javed Ahmad 4709:Huhammad: Man of God 4634:University of Exeter 4630:Open Research Exeter 3376:Ask a Question to Us 3208:Categories of Hadith 3053:improve this article 2699:al-kitāb wa al-ḥikma 2204:the first letter of 1904:Biography portal 358:Association football 19:For other uses, see 7329:Islamic terminology 5763:. pp. 610–619. 5482:Tarjumaān al-Qurʾān 4042:, III/1, 243. Cf.: 3827:. 12 September 2018 2801:) goes back to the 2611:Basis of importance 2573:Javed Ahmad Ghamidi 2504:Fazlur Rahman Malik 2488:Javed Ahmad Ghamidi 2484:Fazlur Rahman Malik 2472:Mohammed al-Ghazali 2401:Ghulam Ahmed Perwez 2373:, the perfect man, 2362:al-sunna al-ʿādīyah 2350:al-sunna al-ʿādīyah 2330:Khaled Abou El Fadl 2278:sunna al-nabawiyyah 2135:ordered 40 lashes, 2110:Riyadh as Shaliheen 2106:Zubayr ibn al-Awwam 2062:Javed Ahmad Ghamidi 2024:sunna al-nabawiyyah 1848:Al-Masjid an-Nabawi 1613:Farewell Pilgrimage 1529:Syro-Roman law book 119:Profession of Faith 92:Day of Resurrection 7265:Quran and miracles 7179:Criticism of Islam 6893:Geometric patterns 6745:Gender segregation 6316:Non-denominational 5857:, Qur'anic Studies 5570:Discover the Truth 5249:"Mysticsaint.info" 5104:Brown, 1996, p.106 4447:Arab Law Quarterly 3432:Islahi, Amin Ahsan 3334:"What is Shari'a?" 3262:Abd Allah ibn 'Amr 3014:al-jarh wat-ta`dîl 2976:Sciences of sunnah 2922:Sunnah Taqririyyah 2897:Sunnah upon which 2841:Providing examples 2543:(ritual tithing), 2411:Islamic revivalism 2249: 2242:Sunan ad-Darakutni 1750:Medieval Christian 1449:word that means: 1389:Sunnah Taqririyyah 7316: 7315: 7282: 7281: 7278: 7277: 7250:Domestic violence 7240:Islamic terrorism 7235:Islamic extremism 7066: 7065: 7062: 7061: 6834: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6620:Marriage contract 6450: 6449: 6410:Political aspects 6197:Story of Prophets 5966:Prophets of Islam 5861:Sunnah and Hadith 3865:Nasr, S. (1967). 3854:. pp. 22–32. 3796:ar.wikisource.org 3085: 3084: 3077: 3025:In Shia community 2964:) as called for ( 2787:Abul A'la Maududi 2537:(ritual prayer), 2508:Islamic modernist 2464:Abul A'la Maududi 2441:Mustafa al-Siba'i 2437:Abul A'la Maududi 2370:al-insān al-kāmil 2356:. The literalist 2206:Abdallah ibn Ibad 2192:Risala fi'l Qadar 2028:sunnat al-awwalin 1940: 1939: 1535:Sunnah and hadith 1329:. Differing from 1261: 1260: 679: 678: 7341: 7306: 7305: 7298:Islam portal 7296: 7295: 7294: 7086: 7085: 7078: 7072: 7071: 6913:Medieval science 6856: 6855: 6846: 6840: 6839: 6497:Economic history 6480: 6479: 6456: 6455: 6442:Islam by country 6275:Bektashi Alevism 5923: 5922: 5914:Outline of Islam 5896: 5889: 5882: 5873: 5872: 5839: 5837: 5835: 5811: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5764: 5751: 5749: 5747: 5728: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5676: 5675: 5653: 5647: 5644: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5618: 5612: 5602: 5591: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5579: 5577: 5562: 5556: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5546:. Islamicity.com 5539: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5510: 5499: 5493: 5478: 5472: 5462: 5451: 5441: 5435: 5420: 5414: 5399: 5393: 5383: 5377: 5371: 5365: 5359: 5353: 5347: 5341: 5331: 5325: 5319: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5293: 5287: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5268: 5262: 5259: 5253: 5252: 5245: 5239: 5233: 5227: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5185: 5179: 5164: 5158: 5143: 5137: 5127: 5121: 5111: 5105: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5087: 5081: 5080: 5060: 5054: 5053: 5045: 5039: 5038: 5030: 5021: 5020: 5012: 5006: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4988: 4979: 4969: 4963: 4953: 4947: 4937: 4928: 4918: 4912: 4902: 4896: 4886: 4880: 4870: 4861: 4851: 4845: 4835: 4829: 4819: 4813: 4803: 4794: 4784: 4778: 4768: 4762: 4752: 4746: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4714: 4703: 4697: 4694: 4688: 4678: 4669: 4659: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4642: 4636:. Archived from 4627: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4593: 4587: 4586: 4579: 4573: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4528: 4522: 4512: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4477: 4471: 4470: 4442: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4405: 4399: 4388: 4382: 4375: 4369: 4359: 4353: 4350: 4344: 4343: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4262: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4237: 4228: 4222: 4215: 4209: 4200:Joseph Schacht, 4198: 4192: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4157: 4151: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4108: 4102: 4092: 4075: 4065: 4053: 4036: 4030: 4020: 4014: 4008: 4002: 3992: 3986: 3980: 3974: 3964: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3946:Qur’anic Studies 3938: 3932: 3926: 3920: 3911: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3805: 3803: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3723: 3714: 3705: 3693: 3687: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3667: 3656: 3649: 3640: 3639: 3623: 3613: 3607: 3597: 3591: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3540: 3529: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3465: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3428: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3408:. Archived from 3398: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3368: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3329: 3318: 3308: 3295: 3294: 3286: 3265: 3258: 3252: 3250: 3249: 3243: 3237: 3234: 3197: 3192: 3191: 3190: 3131:Tahdhib al-Ahkam 3080: 3073: 3069: 3066: 3060: 3037: 3029: 3010:gharîb al-hadîth 2916:Sunnah Fiiliyyah 2906:Sunnah Qawliyyah 2884: 2868: 2793:Alternative view 2729: 2721: 2713: 2685: 2669: 2653: 2354:al-sunna al-hudā 2016:sunnat al-rasool 1932: 1925: 1918: 1902: 1901: 1900: 1892:Islam portal 1890: 1889: 1888: 1872:History of Islam 1677:First revelation 1560: 1559: 1444: 1442:[ˈsunan] 1438: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1420:[ˈsunna] 1417: 1416: 1410: 1385:Sunnah Fiiliyyah 1381:Sunnah Qawliyyah 1290: 1281: 1273: 1253: 1246: 1239: 1215:Tabi' al-Tabi'in 683: 682: 671: 664: 657: 643:Islam portal 641: 640: 639: 49: 26: 25: 7349: 7348: 7344: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7339: 7338: 7319: 7318: 7317: 7312: 7292: 7290: 7274: 7196:Cultural Muslim 7167: 7134: 7090:Other religions 7080: 7076: 7058: 6993: 6960: 6907: 6850: 6848:Islamic studies 6844: 6826: 6660: 6605: 6582: 6529: 6474: 6473: 6446: 6395:Moral teachings 6338: 6320: 6294:Nation of Islam 6255:Twelver Shi'ism 6202: 6168:Religious texts 6162: 6080:Early conquests 6063: 6045: 5997: 5917: 5906: 5900: 5846: 5833: 5831: 5829: 5808: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5726: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5684: 5682:Further reading 5679: 5672: 5664:. p. 174. 5654: 5650: 5645: 5641: 5631: 5629: 5619: 5615: 5603: 5594: 5589: 5585: 5575: 5573: 5564: 5563: 5559: 5549: 5547: 5540: 5533: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5508: 5500: 5496: 5479: 5475: 5463: 5454: 5442: 5438: 5421: 5417: 5400: 5396: 5384: 5380: 5372: 5368: 5360: 5356: 5348: 5344: 5332: 5328: 5320: 5316: 5306: 5304: 5301:Tasfiya Tarbiya 5295: 5294: 5290: 5280: 5278: 5270: 5269: 5265: 5260: 5256: 5247: 5246: 5242: 5234: 5230: 5218: 5214: 5204: 5202: 5186: 5182: 5165: 5161: 5144: 5140: 5128: 5124: 5112: 5108: 5103: 5099: 5088: 5084: 5065:Islamic Studies 5061: 5057: 5046: 5042: 5031: 5024: 5013: 5009: 5004: 5000: 4989: 4982: 4970: 4966: 4954: 4950: 4938: 4931: 4919: 4915: 4903: 4899: 4887: 4883: 4871: 4864: 4852: 4848: 4836: 4832: 4820: 4816: 4804: 4797: 4785: 4781: 4769: 4765: 4753: 4749: 4732: 4728: 4718: 4716: 4712: 4704: 4700: 4695: 4691: 4679: 4672: 4660: 4656: 4646: 4644: 4643:on 25 July 2018 4640: 4625: 4619: 4615: 4608: 4594: 4590: 4581: 4580: 4576: 4564: 4560: 4529: 4525: 4513: 4509: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4478: 4474: 4443: 4436: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4406: 4402: 4389: 4385: 4379:Kitab al-Risala 4376: 4372: 4364:Islamic Studies 4360: 4356: 4351: 4347: 4340: 4332:. p. 168. 4319: 4315: 4305: 4303: 4297: 4293: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4263: 4259: 4249: 4247: 4235: 4229: 4225: 4216: 4212: 4199: 4195: 4183: 4179: 4172: 4158: 4154: 4146: 4142: 4131: 4127: 4109: 4105: 4093: 4078: 4037: 4033: 4021: 4017: 4009: 4005: 3999:Ibn Abi Shaybah 3993: 3989: 3981: 3977: 3969:Islamic Finance 3965: 3961: 3951: 3949: 3940: 3939: 3935: 3927: 3923: 3912: 3908: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3878: 3874: 3867:Islamic Studies 3863: 3859: 3844: 3840: 3830: 3828: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3801: 3799: 3785: 3781: 3771: 3769: 3763:"Sunnah. Islam" 3761: 3760: 3756: 3745: 3741: 3731: 3729: 3721: 3715: 3708: 3703:Wayback Machine 3694: 3690: 3680: 3678: 3668: 3659: 3650: 3643: 3636: 3614: 3610: 3598: 3594: 3582: 3578: 3568: 3566: 3556: 3552: 3541: 3532: 3520: 3516: 3508: 3504: 3496: 3492: 3482: 3480: 3467: 3466: 3459: 3449: 3447: 3429: 3425: 3415: 3413: 3412:on 16 June 2013 3400: 3399: 3390: 3380: 3378: 3370: 3369: 3352: 3342: 3340: 3330: 3321: 3309: 3298: 3287: 3278: 3274: 3269: 3268: 3259: 3255: 3251:– "well known". 3244: 3240: 3235: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3193: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3175:Nahj al-Balagha 3152:Akhbari Twelver 3093:Kutub al-Sittah 3081: 3070: 3064: 3061: 3050: 3038: 3027: 2978: 2895: 2893:Types of sunnah 2885: 2877: 2869: 2861: 2843: 2795: 2725: 2717: 2709: 2686: 2678: 2670: 2664:Surah Al-Baqara 2662: 2654: 2646: 2613: 2596: 2549:(pilgrimage to 2529: 2500: 2498:"Living sunnah" 2480: 2417:Islamic revival 2413: 2393: 2391:Modernist Islam 2346: 2344:Classical Islam 2325: 2254: 2173:Daniel W. Brown 2094: 2012: 1981: 1953: 1947: 1936: 1898: 1896: 1886: 1884: 1877: 1876: 1843: 1835: 1834: 1815: 1807: 1806: 1777: 1767: 1766: 1728: 1720: 1719: 1705: 1697: 1696: 1685:Isra and Mi'raj 1668: 1658: 1657: 1643: 1635: 1634: 1617:Farewell Sermon 1584: 1537: 1471:Ignác Goldziher 1403: 1327:belief/theology 1293:Islamic prophet 1275:, also spelled 1257: 1025:Hujjat al-Islam 970:Shaykh al-Islām 675: 637: 635: 628: 627: 572:Other religions 567:Arabic language 529: 519: 518: 447:Moral teachings 338: 324: 323: 314:Spread of Islam 259: 249: 248: 236:(jurisprudence) 218:Qisas al-Anbiya 167: 166: 146: 145: 114: 104: 103: 59: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7347: 7337: 7336: 7331: 7314: 7313: 7311: 7310: 7300: 7287: 7284: 7283: 7280: 7279: 7276: 7275: 7273: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7231: 7230: 7220: 7219: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7198: 7193: 7192: 7191: 7186: 7175: 7173: 7172:Related topics 7169: 7168: 7166: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7144: 7142: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7111: 7110: 7105: 7094: 7092: 7082: 7081: 7068: 7067: 7064: 7063: 7060: 7059: 7057: 7056: 7051: 7044: 7039: 7038: 7037: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7001: 6999: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6970: 6968: 6962: 6961: 6959: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6917: 6915: 6909: 6908: 6906: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6864: 6862: 6852: 6851: 6836: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6824: 6819: 6818: 6817: 6805: 6803:Sources of law 6800: 6795: 6794: 6793: 6783: 6776: 6771: 6764: 6759: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6710: 6703: 6702: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6681: 6676: 6668: 6666: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6658: 6651: 6644: 6637: 6630: 6623: 6616: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6587: 6584: 6583: 6581: 6580: 6573: 6568: 6561: 6554: 6547: 6539: 6537: 6531: 6530: 6528: 6527: 6520: 6513: 6506: 6499: 6494: 6488: 6486: 6476: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6466: 6460: 6452: 6451: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6427:Social welfare 6424: 6419: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6336: 6331: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6307: 6306: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6285: 6284: 6279: 6278: 6277: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6236: 6235: 6212: 6210: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6200: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6172: 6170: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6160: 6159: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6111: 6106: 6099: 6092: 6090:Historiography 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6061: 6056: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6043: 6036: 6029: 6022: 6015: 6007: 6005: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5951: 5944: 5943: 5942: 5931: 5929: 5919: 5918: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5899: 5898: 5891: 5884: 5876: 5870: 5869: 5864: 5858: 5852: 5845: 5844:External links 5842: 5841: 5840: 5827: 5812: 5806: 5793: 5780: 5765: 5752: 5739: 5717: 5704: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5677: 5670: 5648: 5639: 5613: 5592: 5583: 5557: 5531: 5517: 5494: 5473: 5452: 5436: 5415: 5394: 5378: 5366: 5354: 5342: 5326: 5314: 5288: 5276:Detailed Quran 5263: 5254: 5240: 5228: 5212: 5180: 5166:Yusuf, S. M., 5159: 5138: 5122: 5106: 5097: 5082: 5055: 5040: 5022: 5007: 4998: 4980: 4964: 4948: 4929: 4913: 4897: 4881: 4862: 4846: 4830: 4814: 4795: 4779: 4763: 4747: 4726: 4698: 4689: 4670: 4654: 4613: 4606: 4588: 4574: 4558: 4545:10.1086/373461 4523: 4507: 4493: 4472: 4434: 4420: 4400: 4383: 4370: 4354: 4345: 4338: 4313: 4299:Kutty, Ahmad. 4291: 4277: 4257: 4223: 4210: 4193: 4177: 4170: 4152: 4140: 4125: 4103: 4076: 4031: 4015: 4003: 3987: 3975: 3959: 3933: 3921: 3914:Lisān al-ʿArab 3906: 3892: 3872: 3857: 3838: 3812: 3779: 3754: 3739: 3706: 3688: 3657: 3641: 3634: 3608: 3592: 3576: 3550: 3530: 3514: 3502: 3490: 3457: 3423: 3388: 3350: 3319: 3296: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3266: 3253: 3238: 3228: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3182: 3179: 3171:The Four Books 3148: 3147: 3135: 3117: 3083: 3082: 3041: 3039: 3032: 3026: 3023: 3006:asbâb al-wurûd 2977: 2974: 2952: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2934: 2933: 2932: 2931: 2928: 2919: 2913: 2894: 2891: 2875: 2859: 2842: 2839: 2838: 2837: 2833: 2832:) of Muhammad; 2826: 2794: 2791: 2783:Battle of Badr 2732: 2731: 2723: 2715: 2680:Surah Al-Ahzab 2676: 2660: 2644: 2612: 2609: 2595: 2594:"Inner states" 2592: 2528: 2525: 2502:In the 1960s, 2499: 2496: 2492:working around 2479: 2476: 2412: 2409: 2392: 2389: 2345: 2342: 2324: 2321: 2253: 2250: 2225: 2224: 2213: 2202: 2199:Kitāb al-Irjāʾ 2188:Hasan al-Basri 2169: 2168: 2140: 2123:also include: 2093: 2090: 2082:Arabized Arabs 2020:sunnat al-nabi 2011: 2008: 1980: 1975: 1949:Main article: 1946: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1935: 1934: 1927: 1920: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1907: 1906: 1894: 1879: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1851: 1850: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1837: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1778: 1773: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1765: 1764: 1759: 1753: 1752: 1746: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1712: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1688: 1687: 1681: 1680: 1669: 1664: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1650: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1627: 1621: 1620: 1609: 1608: 1602: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1585: 1580: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1546:Malik ibn Anas 1536: 1533: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1514: 1513: 1499:Shafi'i school 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1475: 1474: 1467:Joseph Schacht 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1402: 1399: 1259: 1258: 1256: 1255: 1248: 1241: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1228: 1227: 1222: 1220:Da'i al-Mutlaq 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 959: 958: 954: 953: 952: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 798: 797: 789: 788: 787: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 713: 712: 704: 703: 695: 694: 677: 676: 674: 673: 666: 659: 651: 648: 647: 646: 645: 630: 629: 626: 625: 619: 618: 617: 616: 611: 601: 596: 595: 594: 589: 579: 574: 569: 563: 562: 561: 560: 555: 550: 542: 541: 536: 530: 527:Related topics 525: 524: 521: 520: 517: 516: 511: 509:Social welfare 506: 501: 500: 499: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 403: 402: 397: 387: 386: 385: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 345: 339: 330: 329: 326: 325: 322: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 295: 294: 287: 280: 272: 271: 266: 260: 255: 254: 251: 250: 247: 246: 238: 229: 228: 222: 214: 206: 197: 196: 176: 168: 165: 164: 159: 153: 152: 151: 148: 147: 144: 143: 138: 133: 127: 126: 121: 115: 110: 109: 106: 105: 102: 101: 99:Predestination 95: 94: 89: 83: 82: 80:Revealed Books 77: 71: 70: 60: 55: 54: 51: 50: 42: 41: 35: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7346: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7309: 7301: 7299: 7289: 7288: 7285: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7229: 7226: 7225: 7224: 7221: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7211:Post-Islamism 7209: 7207: 7204: 7203: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7181: 7180: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7170: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7141: 7137: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7109: 7108:Protestantism 7106: 7104: 7101: 7100: 7099: 7096: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7087: 7083: 7073: 7069: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7049: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7036: 7033: 7032: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6996: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6971: 6969: 6967: 6963: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6951:Ophthalmology 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6910: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6841: 6837: 6823: 6820: 6816: 6815: 6811: 6810: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6792: 6789: 6788: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6781: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6757: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6711: 6709: 6708: 6704: 6700: 6699:Death penalty 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6686: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6674: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6665:Other aspects 6663: 6657: 6656: 6652: 6650: 6649: 6645: 6643: 6642: 6638: 6636: 6635: 6631: 6629: 6628: 6624: 6622: 6621: 6617: 6615: 6614: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6585: 6579: 6578: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6566: 6562: 6560: 6559: 6555: 6553: 6552: 6548: 6546: 6545: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6536: 6532: 6526: 6525: 6521: 6519: 6518: 6514: 6512: 6511: 6507: 6505: 6504: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6470: 6469:Jurisprudence 6467: 6465: 6462: 6461: 6457: 6453: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6417: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6342: 6340: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6326: 6323: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6305: 6302: 6301: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6283: 6280: 6276: 6273: 6272: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6252: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6217: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6208:Denominations 6205: 6199: 6198: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6165: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6121: 6117: 6116: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6104: 6100: 6098: 6097: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6051: 6048: 6042: 6041: 6037: 6035: 6034: 6030: 6028: 6027: 6023: 6021: 6020: 6016: 6014: 6013: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6004: 6000: 5994: 5993:Holiest sites 5991: 5989: 5988:Judgement Day 5986: 5984: 5983: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5960: 5957: 5956: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5936: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5916: 5915: 5909: 5904: 5897: 5892: 5890: 5885: 5883: 5878: 5877: 5874: 5868: 5865: 5862: 5859: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5847: 5830: 5828:9786022507819 5824: 5820: 5819: 5813: 5809: 5807:9780230605350 5803: 5799: 5794: 5783: 5781:9789793036847 5777: 5773: 5772: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5753: 5742: 5740:9780748601080 5736: 5732: 5725: 5724: 5718: 5707: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5692: 5686: 5685: 5673: 5671:9780300034998 5667: 5663: 5659: 5652: 5643: 5628: 5624: 5617: 5610: 5608: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5587: 5571: 5567: 5561: 5545: 5538: 5536: 5520: 5518:9780748601080 5514: 5507: 5506: 5498: 5491: 5489: 5486:D. W. Brown, 5483: 5477: 5470: 5468: 5465:D. W. Brown, 5461: 5459: 5457: 5449: 5447: 5444:D. W. Brown, 5440: 5433: 5431: 5428:D. W. Brown, 5425: 5419: 5412: 5410: 5407:D. W. Brown, 5404: 5398: 5391: 5389: 5386:D. W. Brown, 5382: 5376: 5370: 5364: 5358: 5352: 5346: 5339: 5337: 5334:D. W. Brown, 5330: 5323: 5318: 5303:. 6 June 2011 5302: 5298: 5292: 5277: 5273: 5267: 5258: 5250: 5244: 5238: 5232: 5225: 5223: 5216: 5200: 5196: 5195: 5190: 5184: 5177: 5175: 5169: 5163: 5156: 5154: 5148: 5145:Yusuf, S.M., 5142: 5135: 5133: 5126: 5119: 5117: 5110: 5101: 5093: 5086: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5059: 5051: 5044: 5036: 5029: 5027: 5018: 5011: 5002: 4994: 4987: 4985: 4977: 4975: 4968: 4961: 4959: 4952: 4945: 4943: 4936: 4934: 4926: 4924: 4917: 4910: 4908: 4901: 4894: 4892: 4885: 4878: 4876: 4869: 4867: 4859: 4857: 4850: 4843: 4841: 4834: 4827: 4825: 4818: 4811: 4809: 4802: 4800: 4792: 4790: 4783: 4776: 4774: 4767: 4760: 4758: 4751: 4744: 4742: 4736: 4730: 4711: 4710: 4702: 4693: 4686: 4684: 4677: 4675: 4667: 4665: 4658: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4624: 4617: 4609: 4607:9789839154948 4603: 4599: 4592: 4584: 4578: 4571: 4569: 4562: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4527: 4520: 4518: 4511: 4496: 4494:9780521570770 4490: 4486: 4485: 4476: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4441: 4439: 4423: 4421:9780791460962 4417: 4413: 4412: 4404: 4397: 4395: 4387: 4380: 4374: 4367: 4365: 4358: 4349: 4341: 4339:9781780744209 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4317: 4302: 4295: 4280: 4278:9780736931151 4274: 4270: 4269: 4265:Rhodes, Ron. 4261: 4245: 4241: 4234: 4227: 4220: 4214: 4207: 4203: 4197: 4190: 4188: 4181: 4173: 4167: 4163: 4156: 4149: 4144: 4136: 4129: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4107: 4100: 4098: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4073: 4071: 4063: 4059: 4051: 4047: 4041: 4035: 4028: 4026: 4019: 4013:, p. 227 4012: 4007: 4000: 3996: 3991: 3984: 3979: 3972: 3970: 3963: 3948:. 29 May 2011 3947: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3915: 3910: 3895: 3893:9781134538959 3889: 3885: 3884: 3876: 3868: 3861: 3853: 3849: 3842: 3826: 3822: 3816: 3809: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3768: 3764: 3758: 3750: 3743: 3728:. p. 369 3727: 3720: 3713: 3711: 3704: 3700: 3697: 3692: 3677: 3673: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3654: 3648: 3646: 3637: 3635:9780691072579 3631: 3627: 3622: 3621: 3612: 3606:: 10-12, p.14 3605: 3603: 3596: 3589: 3587: 3580: 3565: 3561: 3554: 3546: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3527: 3525: 3518: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3464: 3462: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3427: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3339: 3335: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3316: 3314: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3292: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3276: 3263: 3257: 3242: 3233: 3229: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3185: 3178: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3159: 3157: 3156:Usuli Twelver 3153: 3145: 3141: 3140: 3136: 3133: 3132: 3127: 3123: 3122: 3118: 3115: 3112:al-Razi (329 3111: 3107: 3106: 3105:Kitab al-Kafi 3102: 3101: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3094: 3089: 3079: 3076: 3068: 3065:February 2024 3058: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3042:This section 3040: 3036: 3031: 3030: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2985: 2983: 2982:ulûm as-Sunna 2973: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2958: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2907: 2904: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2890: 2883: 2880: 2879:Surah An-Nahl 2874: 2867: 2864: 2863:Surah An-Nahl 2858: 2854: 2850: 2848: 2834: 2831: 2827: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2758: 2753: 2751: 2750: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2684: 2681: 2675: 2668: 2665: 2659: 2652: 2649: 2648:Surah An-Najm 2643: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2620: 2616: 2608: 2605: 2604:Khuluqin Azim 2601: 2591: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2562: 2558: 2557: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2542: 2541: 2536: 2535: 2524: 2522: 2521: 2516: 2515: 2509: 2505: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2460:Shibli Nomani 2457: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2433: 2428: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2408: 2404: 2402: 2398: 2397:Mughal Empire 2387: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2371: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2341: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2320: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2252:Four Madhhabs 2247: 2243: 2238: 2234: 2232: 2231: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2196: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2166: 2165: 2164:ahl al-dhimma 2160: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2097: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2057: 2055: 2051: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2034: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1992:Ahl as-Sunnah 1989: 1985: 1979: 1978:Ahl as-Sunnah 1974: 1972: 1971: 1966: 1965: 1960: 1959: 1952: 1945: 1933: 1928: 1926: 1921: 1919: 1914: 1913: 1911: 1910: 1905: 1895: 1893: 1883: 1882: 1881: 1880: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1845: 1839: 1838: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1811: 1810: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1776: 1771: 1770: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1724: 1723: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1707: 1701: 1700: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1662: 1661: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1645: 1639: 1638: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1578: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1532: 1530: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1501:in his book, 1500: 1496: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1450: 1448: 1443: 1439: 1437: 1421: 1411: 1409: 1398: 1396: 1395: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1358: 1354: 1352: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1319: 1314: 1311:(the book of 1310: 1306: 1302: 1297: 1294: 1286: 1282: 1280: 1274: 1272: 1266: 1254: 1249: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1235: 1234: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 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Retrieved 5817: 5797: 5785:. Retrieved 5770: 5756: 5744:. Retrieved 5722: 5709:. Retrieved 5690: 5657: 5651: 5642: 5630:. Retrieved 5627:Living Islam 5626: 5616: 5606: 5586: 5574:. Retrieved 5572:. 7 May 2013 5569: 5560: 5548:. Retrieved 5522:. Retrieved 5504: 5497: 5487: 5481: 5476: 5466: 5445: 5439: 5429: 5423: 5418: 5408: 5402: 5397: 5387: 5381: 5369: 5357: 5345: 5335: 5329: 5317: 5305:. Retrieved 5300: 5291: 5279:. Retrieved 5275: 5266: 5257: 5243: 5231: 5221: 5215: 5203:. Retrieved 5198: 5193: 5183: 5173: 5167: 5162: 5152: 5146: 5141: 5131: 5125: 5115: 5109: 5100: 5091: 5085: 5068: 5064: 5058: 5049: 5043: 5034: 5016: 5010: 5001: 4992: 4978:: p.101, 103 4973: 4967: 4957: 4951: 4941: 4922: 4916: 4906: 4900: 4890: 4884: 4874: 4860:: p.109, 111 4855: 4849: 4839: 4833: 4823: 4817: 4807: 4788: 4782: 4772: 4766: 4756: 4750: 4740: 4734: 4733:al-Ghazālī, 4729: 4717:. Retrieved 4708: 4701: 4692: 4682: 4663: 4657: 4645:. Retrieved 4638:the original 4629: 4616: 4597: 4591: 4577: 4567: 4561: 4536: 4532: 4526: 4516: 4510: 4498:. Retrieved 4483: 4475: 4450: 4446: 4425:. Retrieved 4410: 4403: 4393: 4386: 4378: 4373: 4363: 4357: 4348: 4325: 4316: 4304:. Retrieved 4294: 4282:. Retrieved 4267: 4260: 4248:. Retrieved 4243: 4239: 4226: 4218: 4217:J. SCHACHT, 4213: 4205: 4201: 4196: 4186: 4180: 4161: 4155: 4147: 4143: 4134: 4128: 4119: 4115: 4106: 4096: 4069: 4061: 4057: 4045: 4039: 4034: 4024: 4018: 4006: 3995:Nu'man (2020 3990: 3983:Nu'man (2020 3978: 3968: 3962: 3950:. Retrieved 3945: 3936: 3924: 3909: 3897:. Retrieved 3882: 3875: 3866: 3860: 3847: 3841: 3829:. Retrieved 3825:Islamweb.net 3824: 3815: 3807: 3800:. Retrieved 3795: 3782: 3770:. Retrieved 3766: 3757: 3748: 3742: 3730:. Retrieved 3725: 3717:Wehr, Hans. 3691: 3679:. Retrieved 3675: 3652: 3619: 3611: 3601: 3595: 3585: 3579: 3567:. Retrieved 3563: 3553: 3544: 3523: 3517: 3505: 3493: 3483:12 September 3481:. Retrieved 3472: 3448:. 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Retrieved 3337: 3312: 3290: 3256: 3241: 3232: 3195:Islam portal 3162: 3160: 3149: 3137: 3129: 3126:Ibn Babawayh 3119: 3103: 3098: 3091: 3086: 3071: 3062: 3051:Please help 3046:verification 3043: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3002:ash-shamâ'il 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2987: 2984:) refer to: 2981: 2979: 2970:dalîl shar`î 2969: 2965: 2961: 2955: 2953: 2938:Ibn Qutaybah 2935: 2921: 2915: 2905: 2898: 2896: 2887: 2872: 2856: 2851: 2844: 2829: 2822: 2819:ḥadīth qudsī 2818: 2811:ahl al-Kalam 2810: 2803:ahl al-Kalam 2802: 2798: 2796: 2764: 2756: 2754: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2733: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2688: 2673: 2657: 2641: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2603: 2600:Sufi Muslims 2597: 2582: 2576: 2565: 2554: 2544: 2538: 2532: 2530: 2518: 2512: 2501: 2481: 2453: 2449: 2430: 2424: 2414: 2405: 2394: 2384: 2374: 2368: 2366: 2361: 2353: 2349: 2347: 2338: 2326: 2317: 2302: 2277: 2255: 2245: 2241: 2228: 2226: 2216: 2198: 2191: 2181: 2170: 2162: 2156: 2152: 2146: 2120: 2118: 2098: 2095: 2059: 2053: 2049: 2047: 2033:Sunnat Allah 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2013: 2010:In the Quran 1991: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1968: 1962: 1956: 1954: 1951:Sunnah salat 1944:Sunnah Salat 1943: 1787:Ghadir Khumm 1727:Perspectives 1538: 1526: 1515: 1494: 1476: 1433: 1405: 1404: 1394:Sunnah salat 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1378: 1369: 1359: 1355: 1347: 1316: 1276: 1268: 1262: 913: 792: 707: 700:Usul al-Fiqh 698: 680: 599:Islamophobia 378:Demographics 373:Circumcision 289: 282: 275: 241: 233: 217: 209: 201: 190: 184: 179: 178: 171: 7334:Sunni Islam 6998:Other areas 6989:Theological 6984:Eschatology 6941:Mathematics 6878:Calligraphy 6808:Theological 6762:Inheritance 6679:Cleanliness 6109:Shi'a Imams 6103:Ahl al-Bayt 5834:20 November 5787:25 November 5471:: pp. 52–53 5071:(1): 5–21. 4427:27 November 4377:al-Shafii, 3973:: pp. 30–31 3798:(in Arabic) 3569:2 September 3564:OnIslam.net 3144:Shaykh Tusi 3139:Al-Istibsar 2568:Rashid Rida 2468:Rashid Rida 2375:labib-Allah 2104:has listed 2086:Ishmaelites 1855:Possessions 1802:Ahl al-Bayt 1757:Historicity 1323:Islamic law 1020:Grand Mufti 614:Laws of war 277:Ahl al-Bayt 162:Foundations 7323:Categories 7153:Ex-Muslims 7048:Shu'ubiyya 7042:Psychology 7030:Literature 7020:Inventions 6966:Philosophy 6774:Leadership 6750:Honorifics 6405:Philosophy 6260:Isma'ilism 6225:Maturidism 6114:Caliphates 6085:Golden Age 5976:Revelation 5705:0521570778 4171:9971775522 4066:Cited in: 4038:Ibn Sa’d, 3967:El-Gamal, 3918:Ibn Manzur 3788:al-Shafi'i 3219:References 3173:or in the 3142:, both by 2994:al-maghâzî 2847:Al-Shafi'i 2823:bi'l-maʿnā 2566:Modernist 2379:Al-Ghazālī 2334:al-Shafi'i 2305:al-Shafi'i 2221:Abu Hanifa 2070:Christians 1996:Abu Hanifa 1775:Succession 1715:Christians 1653:Diplomatic 1362:Al-Shafi‘i 1175:Mujahideen 467:Philosophy 204:(exegesis) 141:Pilgrimage 131:Almsgiving 7270:Symbolism 7228:Incidents 7206:Criticism 7103:Mormonism 7005:Astrology 6931:Cosmology 6926:Astronomy 6868:Arabesque 6735:Etiquette 6694:Blasphemy 6484:Economics 6299:Ahmadiyya 6233:Mu'tazili 6221:Ash'arism 5401:Mawdudi, 5005:Brown 103 4911:: p.114-5 4572:: p.11-12 4553:162187154 4398:: p.18-20 3802:29 August 3590:: p.10-12 3272:Citations 3154:Shiites, 2807:Quranists 2184:al-Ṭabarī 2153:muhajirun 2148:muhajirun 2102:Al-Nawawi 2054:sunnatuna 2048:the way ( 1958:mustahabb 1762:Criticism 1503:ar-Risala 1370:al-sunnah 1155:Ulu'l-amr 1130:Muhaddith 1035:Ayatollah 1010:Mohyeddin 899:Istishhad 894:Istighfar 809:Mustahabb 587:terrorism 539:Criticism 492:Sexuality 462:Mysticism 432:Festivals 412:Education 407:Economics 343:Academics 299:Caliphate 112:Practices 7308:Category 7201:Islamism 7184:Muhammad 7140:Apostasy 7115:Hinduism 7015:Feminism 6946:Medicine 6786:Military 6740:Gambling 6689:Apostasy 6684:Criminal 6596:Marriage 6565:Tayammum 6517:Murabaha 6390:Madrasas 6380:Holidays 6370:Clothing 6365:Children 6360:Calendar 6311:Quranism 6265:Alawites 6229:Atharism 6120:Rashidun 5959:In Islam 5954:Muhammad 5761:ABC-CLIO 5424:Tafhimat 5191:(1990). 5172:Burton, 5151:Burton, 5114:Burton, 5077:20832617 4812:: p. 111 4745:: p. 63. 4696:Brown 64 4368:: p. 192 4324:(2014). 4250:19 April 4185:Burton, 4122:: 20–52. 4074:, p. 10. 3699:Archived 3477:Archived 3469:"Sunnah" 3434:(1989). 3402:"Sunnah" 3181:See also 3161:In Shia 3018:al-rijâl 2876:— 2860:— 2742:and the 2677:— 2661:— 2645:— 2313:Muhammad 2215:and the 2177:Muhammad 2133:Abu Bakr 2004:Muhammad 1666:Miracles 1648:Military 1573:Muhammad 1565:a series 1563:Part of 1548:and the 1507:Al Imran 1495:Al-Hikma 1445:) is an 1305:Muhammad 1296:Muhammad 1225:al-Dawla 1165:Mu'azzin 1150:Marabout 1135:Mujaddid 1105:Mufassir 1030:Mujtahid 759:Madrasah 749:Istishab 744:Istihsan 739:Istihlal 734:Ikhtilaf 688:a series 686:Part of 623:Glossary 609:Jihadism 582:Violence 577:Islamism 548:Muhammad 534:Apostasy 477:Politics 427:Feminism 422:Exorcism 383:Diaspora 368:Children 363:Calendar 291:Rashidun 269:Muhammad 264:Timeline 225:Mathnawi 87:Prophets 31:a series 29:Part of 7255:Nursing 7216:Qutbism 7130:Sikhism 7125:Judaism 7120:Jainism 6956:Physics 6903:Pottery 6888:Gardens 6883:Carpets 6798:Slavery 6720:Divorce 6707:Dhabiĥa 6535:Hygiene 6510:Takaful 6492:Banking 6422:Science 6416:Qurbani 6385:Mosques 6345:Animals 6334:Culture 6282:Zaydism 6270:Alevism 6156:Ottoman 6146:Almohad 6141:Fatimid 6136:Córdoba 6131:Abbasid 6126:Umayyad 6059:Leaders 6054:History 6012:Shahada 5927:Beliefs 5746:21 July 5632:21 June 5605:Brown, 5576:22 June 5550:22 June 5524:21 July 5492:: p. 53 5450:: p. 52 5413:: p. 56 5392:: p. 56 5307:22 June 5281:22 June 5220:Brown, 5178:: p.101 5157:: p.101 5130:Brown, 4972:Brown, 4962:: p.101 4956:Brown, 4940:Brown, 4927:: p.113 4921:Brown, 4905:Brown, 4895:: p.112 4889:Brown, 4879:: p.110 4873:Brown, 4854:Brown, 4844:: p.109 4838:Brown, 4822:Brown, 4806:Brown, 4787:Brown, 4771:Brown, 4755:Brown, 4739:Brown, 4681:Brown, 4668:: p. 62 4662:Brown, 4647:25 July 4566:Brown, 4515:Brown, 4467:1418202 4392:Brown, 4306:19 July 4284:19 July 4116:Arabica 4095:Brown, 4068:Brown, 4040:Tabaqat 4023:Brown, 3899:16 June 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5611:: p.18 5609:, 1996 5515: 5490:, 1996 5469:, 1996 5448:, 1996 5434:: p.50 5432:, 1996 5411:, 1996 5390:, 1996 5373:Quran 5361:Quran 5349:Quran 5340:: p.55 5338:, 1996 5235:Quran 5224:, 1996 5205:1 June 5176:, 1990 5155:, 1990 5136:: p.41 5134:, 1996 5120:: p.16 5118:, 1990 5075: 4976:, 1996 4960:, 1996 4946:: p.82 4944:, 1996 4925:, 1996 4909:, 1996 4893:, 1996 4877:, 1996 4858:, 1996 4842:, 1996 4828:: p.64 4826:, 1996 4810:, 1996 4793:: p.70 4791:, 1996 4777:: p.69 4775:, 1996 4761:: p.65 4759:, 1996 4743:, 1996 4719:14 May 4687:: p.63 4685:, 1996 4666:, 1996 4604: 4570:, 1996 4551: 4539:: 21. 4521:: p.12 4519:, 1996 4500:10 May 4491: 4465: 4418: 4396:, 1996 4366:, 1965 4336: 4275: 4191:: p.13 4189:, 1990 4168: 4099:, 1996 4072:, 1996 4064:: 108. 4027:, 1996 3971:, 2006 3952:21 May 3928:Quran 3890: 3696:Sunnah 3632: 3604:, 1996 3588:, 1996 3526:, 1996 3509:Quran 3497:Quran 3450:1 June 3315:, 1996 3213:Sharia 3203:Bid'ah 3163:hadees 2966:matlub 2910:hadith 2761:prayer 2744:hadith 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