194:
Masnawī are usually associated with the didactic and romantic genres, but are not limited to them. There is a great variety among
Persian masnawī, but there are several conventions that can help a reader recognize a masnawī poem. Most masnawī have a distinction between the introductory and body
153:
and follow a specific meter. Arabic mathnawi (or muzdawidj) poetry is very similar to the
Persian, Urdu, and Turkish equivalents, though with one major difference: most muzdawidj poems follow an aaa/bbb/ccc pattern, while the other mathnawi poems follow an aa/bb/cc pattern.
338:
Modern Urdu masnawī began in the 13th/19th century, during a time of literary reform. Masnawī as a whole became much shorter, and the traditional meters stopped being observed. These masnawī deal more with everyday subjects, as well as providing a medium for
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broke away from the Dakkanī tradition. In the 12th/18th century, romantic masnawī became very popular. Another new convention that appeared in middle Urdu masnawī was authors using their own personal experiences as a subject for their poem.
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stories. Early Urdu masnawī were influenced by Dakkanī literature, as well as
Persian mat̲h̲nawī. Because of this influence, many early Urdu masnawī were translations of Persian masnawī, although there are some original early Urdu masnawīs.
405:
Bencheneb, M. "Muzdawid̲j̲." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second
Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman , Th. Bianquis , C.E. Bosworth , E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2010. Brill Online. Augustana. 8 April 2010
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of 11 syllables, occasionally ten. While the length of a masnawī is not prescribed and is therefore unlimited, most of the better known masnawī are within a range of 2,000–9,000 bayts (
292:(romantic). Some mat̲h̲nawī were written with an understanding that the audience would appreciate the importance of the subject of the poem, but some were also written purely for
322:
Early Urdu masnawī began in the 11th/17th century. In the beginning of this period, many masnawī were religious in nature, but then grew to include romantic, heroic, and even
396:
Swahili
Islamic Poetry: Introduction : The celebration of Mohammed's birthday ; Swahili Islamic cosmology. (1971). Niederlande: Brill.
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Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid. "Concerning Music and
Dancing As Aids to the Religious Life." Trans. Claud Field. The Alchemy of Happiness. Dodo, 1909. 27–32. Print.
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Turkish mathnawi began developing in the 8th/14th century. Persian mathnawi influenced
Turkish authors as many Turkish mathnawī were, at first, creative
387:
Moral
Conduct and Authority: The Place of Adab in South Asian Islam. (1984). Vereinigtes Königreich: University of California Press.
191:(there is some debate, as the word masnawī is derived from Arabic, but most scholars believe that the Persians coined the word themselves).
307:, when it began to transform into more conversational and rhetorical literature. Few Turkish mat̲h̲nawī have been translated into another
119:. Mathnawi's are closely tied to Islamic theology, philosophy, and legends, and cannot be understood properly without knowledge about it.
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180:(4th/10th century). Despite certain dates indicating a possibility otherwise, modern scholars believe it is a continuation of an
343:. A well-known masnavi-writer in Urdu in recent times was Allama Dr. Syed Ali Imam Zaidi "Gauhar Lucknavi" (great-grandson of
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141:, literally "doubled," referring to the internal rhyme scheme of the lines), emerged and was popularized during the
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of the
Prophet, reflections on the value of poetry, and occasionally a description of an object as a significant
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58:, or more specifically "a poem based on independent, internally rhyming lines". Most mathnawī poems follow a
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199:(although it is not always easy to determine where that is), praise of the one God and prayers, a
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66:, but had no limit in their length. Typical mathnawi poems consist of an indefinite number of
582:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; Donzel, E. van; Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.).
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Turkish mathnawī are strongly driven by their plot, and are usually categorized into three
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149:. Instead, they include an internal rhyme scheme within each bayt with an extensive use of
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Urdu masnawī are usually divided into three categories- early, middle, and late.
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and adaptations of
Persian mathnawī. The oldest known Turkish mathnawī is a
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Friedlander, Ira. The Whirling Dervishes. New York: Macmillan, 1975. Print.
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legalists find the practice unconscionable, the Sufi scholar and jurist
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224:, which consists of 6 books/25,000 verses and which has been used in
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Certain Persian masnawī have had a special religious significance in
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Middle Urdu masnawī became prominent in the 12th/18th century, when
145:. Unlike the older poetic styles in Arabic, mathnawi verses are not
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Bruijn, J.T.P. de; Flemming, B.; Rahman, Munibur (8 April 2010).
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has been one of the expert poets of Persian masnawi.
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cultures. Certain Persian mat̲h̲nawī poems, such as
486:"مجموعه اشعار زندهیاد احمد نیکطلب رونمایی میشود"
176:). The first known masnawī poem was written in the
111:. Other influential writings include the poems of
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127:Arabic mathnawi poetry, also known as
77:Mathnawī poems have been written in
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562:Bruijn, Flemming & Rahman 2010
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419:Bruijn, Flemming & Rahman 2010
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168:), the poems strictly adhere to a
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299:Mat̲h̲nawī remained prominent in
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603:Arabic and Central Asian poetics
62:of eleven, or occasionally ten,
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240:supported the use of poetry as
228:among many Sufi's, such as the
492:(in Persian). 27 February 2021
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588:(2nd ed.). Brill Online.
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288:(religio-didactic), and
585:Encyclopaedia of Islam
303:until the end of the
247:In the 21st century,
613:Persian poetic forms
238:Abu Hamid al-Ghazali
187:, not of its Arabic
162:In Persian masnawī (
623:Arabic poetry forms
564:, pp. 9-11-12.
345:Mir Baber Ali Anees
618:Iranian inventions
301:Turkish literature
230:Whirling Dervishes
608:Pakistani poetics
341:children's poetry
221:Masnavi-i Ma’nawi
104:Masnavi-e Ma’navi
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332:Urdu literature
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309:modern language
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255:Turkish maṯnawī
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158:Persian masnawī
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50:) is a kind of
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16:Poetic genre
189:counterpart
143:Abbasid era
70:, with the
54:written in
597:Categories
580:"Mathnawī"
572:Literature
363:References
296:purposes.
284:(heroic),
214:, such as
197:paragraphs
185:verse form
147:monorhymes
74:aa/bb/cc.
282:mutaḳārib
130:muzdawidj
117:ibn Arabi
64:syllables
633:Mathnawi
351:See also
68:couplets
48:mas̲navī
32:mathnawī
20:Mathnawi
324:secular
267:called
242:worship
234:Islamic
182:Iranian
113:Ghazali
91:Kurdish
87:Turkish
79:Persian
40:Persian
36:masnavi
496:17 May
290:hazadj
278:genres
226:prayer
212:Sufism
205:symbol
201:eulogy
174:verses
135:Arabic
109:Sufism
83:Arabic
24:Arabic
286:ramal
170:meter
165:مثنوى
139:مزدوج
60:meter
44:مثنوی
34:) or
28:مثنوي
498:2021
216:Rumi
115:and
99:Rumi
95:Urdu
93:and
52:poem
347:).
218:'s
101:'s
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207:.
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