20:
1058:
519:
believe missing fasts due to menstruation must be made up). Women must fast at times when not menstruating, as the Quran indicates that all religious duties are ordained for both men and women. The reason for this is because the Quran refers to menstruation as "Say: It is a discomfort (Menstruation)". According to Nouman Ali Khan, an
Islamic speaker in the United States, the reason for this prohibition is because of the pain associated with it. A Muslim woman may still do
376:
in that case (is) the freeing of a slave before they touch one another. Unto this, ye are exhorted, and God is informed of what ye do. And he who findeth not (the wherewithal), let him fast for two successive months before they touch one another; and for him who is unable to do so (the penance is) the feeding of sixty needy ones. This, that ye may put trust in God and His messenger. Such are the limits (imposed by God); and for disbelievers is a painful doom.
3732:
309:
feeding of a man in need – but whoso doeth good of his own accord, it is better for him: and that ye fast is better for you if ye did but know – The month of
Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for mankind, and clear proofs of the guidance, and the Criterion (of right and wrong). And whosoever of you is present, let him fast the month, and whosoever of you is sick or on a journey, (let him fast the same) a number of other days.
3721:
491:, nursing, or traveling are made up whenever the person is able before the next month of Ramadan. According to the Quran, for all other cases, not fasting is only permitted when the act is potentially dangerous to one's health – for example, those who are sick, elderly, or on a journey, and women who are menstruating, pregnant, or nursing are permitted to break the fast, but this must be made up by paying a
604:
740:
surpass the moral disciplines implemented in Islam. Furthermore, fasting is mandatory for only a definite period of time and does not promote total renunciation from the appetite of the flesh. Eating, drinking, and sexual intercourse become permissible for a human at the end of the fast. Therefore, Islamic fasting aims at promoting proper limits within its natural bounds.
1095:. These natural phenomena occur because the Earth's axis tilts toward the Sun in summer and away from the Sun in winter, causing the poles to be exposed to the Sun's rays for six months each nonstop. The reason most of the earliest Muslims did not experience these phenomena during Islam's early days is that they did not live in polar regions but in the
336:
offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the
358:; or, for expiation, he shall feed poor persons, or the equivalent thereof in fasting, that he may taste the evil consequences of his deed. God forgiveth whatever (of this kind) may have happened in the past, but whoso relapseth, God will take retribution from him. God is Mighty, Able to Requite (the wrong).
857:, although it does not appear to affect the child's weight. it is permissible to not fast if it threatens the woman's or the child's lives, however, in many instances, pregnant women are normal before the development of complications. Thus, it may be advisable for pregnant women to skip fasting and pay
739:
so it strengthens one's self-control and increases consciousness of the Lord. It is not prescribed as a punishment for people or to inflict burdensome practices. It is a moral and spiritual training whose underlying idea is to teach moderation and spiritual discipline so that human temptations do not
375:
They are not their mothers; none are their mothers except those who gave them birth—they indeed utter an ill word and a lie. And lo! God is
Forgiving, Merciful. Those who put away their wives (by saying they are as their mothers) and afterward would go back on that which they have said; (the penalty)
335:
Perform the pilgrimage and the visit for God. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or
864:
If one is at risk of dehydration or other medical risks, which may lead to serious consequences, then it is permitted to break one's fast. It has been advised to span the water intake throughout the night (instead of drinking heavily at a single time) and not to overeat upon the breaking of the fast
308:
O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, even as it was prescribed for those before you, that ye may ward off (evil); (Fast) a certain number of days; and (for) him who is sick among you, or on a journey, (the same) number of other days; and for those who can afford it there is a ransom: the
353:
O ye who believe! Kill no wild game while ye are on the pilgrimage. Whoso of you killeth it of set purpose he shall pay its forfeit in the equivalent of that which he hath killed, of domestic animals, the judge to be two men among you known for justice, (the forfeit) to be brought as an offering to
559:
During
Ramadan, if one unintentionally breaks the fast by eating or drinking, then they must continue fasting for the rest of the day and the fast remains valid. Those who intentionally break the fast by eating or drinking, they have to make up for that and also repent. For breaking fast by having
518:
Muslim scholars have stated that observing the fast is forbidden for menstruating women. However, when a woman's period has ceased, she must bathe and continue fasting. Any fasts broken or missed due to menstruation must be made up whenever she can before the next month of
Ramadan (not all Muslims
457:
Throughout the duration of the fast itself, Muslims will abstain from certain provisions that the Quran has otherwise allowed; namely eating, drinking, and sexual intercourse. This is in addition to the standard obligation already observed by
Muslims of avoiding that which is not permissible under
761:
Statistical comparison of thousands of school children, part of whom was born without the month of
Ramadan during pregnancy and part of whom where Ramadan coincided with the pregnancy, has revealed lower cognitive capability, and lower growth in adolescence if the mother observed Ramadan fasting
884:) stated in his book that some scholars even permitted skipping fast upon very light harm such as toothache or bruises on skin and if a traveling person is permitted to skip fast even if he is able to, then these type of "sickness" should be permitted. This position is said to be held by
943:
If someone swears or makes an oath, for example: "If I graduate with a good mark, I will fast for three days for Allah" then common belief dictates that one should fulfil this. This type of fasting is considered obligatory. Breaking such an oath is considered sinful.
317:
So hold intercourse with them and seek that which God hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall; and touch them not when at
803:
have tried to discourage students from fasting during
Ramadan, as they claim that not eating or drinking can lead to concentration problems and bad grades. Ramadan fasting has also been associated with loss of workplace productivity by 35 to 50%.
393:
Fasting is primarily an exercise of devotion to willingly renounce oneself, for a definite period of time, from all bodily appetites in order to form spiritual discipline and self-control. Muslims are prohibited from eating or drinking from
1041:
It is also forbidden to single out
Fridays and only fast every Friday, as 'Abdullah b. 'Amr b. al-'As said that he heard Muhammad say "Verily, Friday is an eid (holiday) for you, so do not fast on it unless you fast the day before or after
580:
During voluntary fasts, if one unintentionally breaks the fast then they may continue for the rest of the day and the fast remains valid. If one intentionally breaks the fast there is no sin on them, because it is only voluntary.
811:
fasting only take into account abstinence from food while ignoring the lack of water intake, which can have a harmful impact even in healthy individuals. In many cultures, it is associated with heavy food and water intake during
792:, indicating that fasting at certain hours of the day, especially during those hours of the day which are recommended as part of the Muslim tradition (Islamic fasting), is very effective in reducing the effects of osteoporosis.
716:
Fasting has been prescribed to all
Muslims as a form of religious obligation for overcoming their lust and desires within a reasonable limit so that one can control oneself and prevent becoming a slave to their appetites. The
827:, but those with medical conditions should seek medical advice if they encounter health problems before or during fasting. The fasting period is usually associated with modest weight loss, but weight can return afterward.
865:
as a solution of the usually reported excessive water and food intake on the sunset (excessive eating and drinking is actually prohibited in Islam). One can break their fast and substitute it on other months or pay
661:. These range from when the center of the Sun is 12 to 21 degrees below the horizon which equates to about 40 to 60 minutes before civil dawn. There are no restrictions on the morning meal other than those of
595:) by freeing a slave, or feeding or clothing ten needy people with the average of what is needed for one's own family, or if neither of those can be done then a fast for three days is prescribed instead.
1155:
God intends every facility for you; He does not want to put you in difficulties. (He wants you) to complete the prescribed period, and to glorify Him in that He has guided you, and perchance ye shall be
1045:
Fasting every day of the year is considered non-rewarding; Muhammad said: "There is no reward for fasting for the one who perpetually fasts." This Hadith is considered authentic by Sunni scholars.
1657:
754:
Islamic fasting, as a time-restricted eating habit that inverts the normal human day-night routine for observance, can have deleterious health effects on sleep patterns and general health.
424:
is sounded. It is considered time to begin fasting when a person standing outside can tell a white thread from a black thread, i.e. the light of the dawn and the darkness of the night.
2284:
2065:
Faris, Mo'ez Al-Islam E.; Al-Holy, Murad A. (1 April 2014). "Implications of Ramadan intermittent fasting on maternal and fetal health and nutritional status: A review".
1033:
and three days following it, because Muhammad said "You are not to fast these days. They are days of eating and drinking and remembering Allah", reported by Abu Hurairah.
449:) means resolving to fast. It is essential to have the intention the night before, night by night, in Ramadaan." For fasting, making the intention to fast is necessary.
1135:
have to fast only when a night occurs within one 24-hour period. If Ramadan comes in June or December, they may leave fasting and then complete their fasting in the
3481:
3363:
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125:
is sounded. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar and fasting is a requirement for Muslims as it is the fourth of the five pillars of Islam.
651:
prayer, which have clear astronomical definitions (afternoon and after sunset), there are several definitions used in practice for the timing of "true dawn" (
487:
If one is sick, pregnant, menstruating, nursing, or traveling, one is considered exempt from fasting. Any fasts broken or missed due to sickness, pregnancy,
1022:
Although fasting is considered a pious act in Islam, there are times when fasting is considered prohibited or discouraged according to the majority of the
280:
that it is not necessary for people who are traveling or sick to be fasting, and can be postponed until "another equal number of days." According to verse
3348:
589:
If an oath is given and circumstances dictate that it must be broken (or if the one giving the oath deliberately breaks it), one must offer expiation (
322:
in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by God, so approach them not. Thus God expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).
1648:
1259:
3447:
1619:
Kormi, Seyed Mohammad Amin; Ardehkhani, Shima; Kerachian, Mohammad Amin (Jun 2017). "The Effect of Islamic Fasting in Ramadan on Osteoporosis".
880:
It is permissible to skip fasting for a healthy person upon obvious risk, even if he has not fallen the risk yet, and the author of Al-Mughni (
846:
patients. However, since sick and/or at-risk individuals are exempted from the obligation of fasting, Ramadan fasting may be skipped instead.
1696:
1383:
3378:
2202:
2239:
1989:
Balani, Jyoti; Hyer, Stephen; Wagner, Marion; Shehata, Hassan (2013). "Obesity, Polycystic Ovaries and Impaired Reproductive Outcome".
480:
is rendered useless and is seen simply as an act of starvation. Fasting should be a motive to be more benevolent to fellow creatures.
276:
is allowed to abstain from fasting and introduces alternative solutions such as feeding needy people. Also, it is emphasized in verse
3452:
3368:
99:) is the practice of abstaining, usually from food, drink, sexual activity and anything which substitutes food and drink. During the
3469:
165:
O you who believe, fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may develop God-consciousness.
3432:
3353:
2254:
3373:
2321:
1889:
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during pregnancy. Children whose mothers fasted during Ramadan also have a higher incidence of several chronic diseases, e.g.
3383:
3340:
2006:
1455:"Hadith - Book of Fasting - Sunan Ibn Majah - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"
1603:
2274:
1676:. Bildung für Berlin: Politische Bildung (in German). Zentral- und Landesbibliothek Berlin ZLB. Senatsbibliothek. 2010.
1555:
BAHAMMAM, Ahmed (2004). "Effect of fasting during Ramadan on sleep architecture, daytime sleepiness and sleep pattern".
1422:
177:
Some cultures in North America fasted to serve as penance for sin and avert catastrophes. The official practices of the
1432:
1393:
284:, among other things, fasting may be used to make up for certain sins, such as sacrificing an animal during a state of
3235:
3189:
2849:
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2106:
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This results that fasting is a duty for Muslims only when days and nights exist, otherwise fasting is not necessary.
3106:
2962:
2497:
2393:
1715:
777:
725:
As for him who fears to stand before his Lord and restrains himself from low desires, Paradise is surely the abode.
3590:
3406:
1066:
212:, which are used as a political weapon, a technique made popular by the leader of India's struggle for freedom,
3655:
3213:
3111:
3023:
2782:
2517:
1931:"The effect of Ramadan fasting during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
240:
was expanded in the 6th century to 40 days where one meal was allowed each day. Fasting was retained by most
1112:(During Ramadan) eat and drink until the white thread of dawn appears to you distinct from its black thread.
550:
There are no impediments to fasting such as sickness, extreme pain from injury, breastfeeding, or pregnancy.
3575:
3552:
3172:
3028:
3018:
2924:
2635:
1929:
Glazier, JD; Hayes, DJL; Hussain, S; D'Souza, SW; Whitcombe, J; Heazell, AEP; Ashton, N (25 October 2018).
182:
3677:
3542:
3358:
3126:
2919:
2354:
2022:
Mirghani, HM; Hamud, OA (January 2006). "The effect of maternal diet restriction on pregnancy outcome".
248:. However, stricter Protestants condemned both the festivals of the church and their traditional fasts.
3437:
3320:
2837:
2314:
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3517:
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2523:
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749:
1334:
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3401:
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2998:
2536:
1174:
849:
Ramadan fasting can be potentially hazardous for pregnant women as it is associated with risks of
3535:
2409:
721:
states that if humans cannot prevent themselves from desires then they cannot achieve salvation:
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1061:
Map showing the dates of midnight sun at various latitudes (left) and the total number of nights
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3616:
3585:
3525:
2507:
2502:
2420:
2219:
1104:
1072:
910:
755:
830:
A review of the literature by an Iranian group suggested fasting during Ramadan might produce
3633:
3611:
2430:
2307:
337:
824:
137:
is not a uniquely Muslim practice; it has been practiced for centuries by religions such as
19:
3300:
3207:
3152:
854:
843:
662:
1671:
1358:
8:
3530:
3411:
3305:
3121:
2618:
2415:
2184:
1146:
1143:, when days and nights are equalised by the sun in Svalbard. In Islamic law it is called
885:
789:
2259:
1853:
1826:
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3457:
3393:
3201:
3177:
2854:
2832:
2792:
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2595:
2546:
2512:
2403:
2279:
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1998:
1957:
1930:
1906:
1877:
1807:
1759:
1734:
1580:
1179:
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858:
217:
2294:
1531:
3667:
3662:
3567:
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3547:
3230:
3116:
3068:
2911:
2822:
2583:
2573:
2568:
2558:
2553:
2386:
2102:
2051:
2039:
2002:
1962:
1911:
1893:
1858:
1799:
1764:
1750:
1677:
1584:
1572:
1568:
1428:
1389:
1265:
1140:
1088:
889:
260:; their fast may involve partial abstinence from food and drink or total abstinence.
186:
1811:
3697:
3682:
3442:
3147:
2869:
2807:
2797:
2787:
2772:
2578:
2481:
2341:
2074:
2031:
1994:
1952:
1942:
1901:
1878:"Ramadan fasting and patients with renal diseases: A mini-review of the literature"
1848:
1838:
1791:
1754:
1746:
1628:
1564:
1208:
1161:
1117:
983:
970:
839:
785:
221:
220:
associated fasting with purification and penitence in the first two centuries. The
194:
100:
1500:
Narrated by al-Daaraqutni, no. 24; classed as Hasan by al-Haafiz in al-Fath, 4/210
758:
has been shown to alter the sleep patterns and the associated hormone production.
3623:
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3075:
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2721:
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2624:
2398:
2269:
1632:
1607:
327:
249:
216:. He undertook fasts to compel his followers to obey his precept of nonviolence.
95:
83:
70:
58:
1229:
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also states that the Quran was revealed in the month of Ramadan. Another verse,
3735:
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3315:
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1600:
1184:
966:
874:
835:
800:
301:
229:
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122:
2289:
1947:
1843:
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of priests. Later, fasting became mandatory and other days were added. The
3750:
3638:
3475:
3325:
2864:
2827:
2802:
2687:
2249:
1897:
1876:
Emami-Naini A, Roomizadeh P, Baradaran A, Abedini A, Abtahi M (August 2013).
1681:
1649:"Schools say Muslim students 'should break Ramadan fast' to avoid bad grades"
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1080:
1057:
995:
977:
850:
253:
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209:
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2234:
1825:
Sadeghirad B, Motaghipisheh S, Kolahdooz F, Zahedi MJ, Haghdoost AA (2014).
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Islam und Schule: Handreichung für Lehrerinnen und Lehrer a Berliner Schulen
735:
Muslims abstain from a permissible norm of daily life due to the command of
484:
to the poor and needy in this month is one of the most rewardable worships.
313:
It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast.
3725:
3650:
3310:
3162:
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2648:
2362:
2043:
1966:
1915:
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1803:
1768:
1084:
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and fasting; according to the opinion of the Council of senior scholars in
869:
if they are an obvious risk of health concerns, breastfeeding or pregnant (
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instead (if the women are able to pay; poor people may be exempted fully).
831:
781:
488:
381:
319:
142:
138:
2035:
823:
Ramadan fasting is safe for healthy people provided that overall food and
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2777:
2716:
2643:
2530:
2264:
1510:
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1036:
1030:
1023:
928:
881:
640:
632:
345:
257:
245:
237:
178:
170:
2160:
2136:
1827:"Islamic fasting and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
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991:
As often as possible in the months of Rajab and Sha'aban before Ramadan.
788:
has a direct relationship with osteoporosis. This has been found by the
3580:
2677:
2652:
2078:
1096:
1049:
The Quran contains no other prohibition regarding the days of fasting.
363:
277:
233:
198:
2122:
1824:
1795:
873:
in this case) or in a work requiring hard physical labor according to
340:. Observe your duty to God, and know that God is severe in punishment.
3295:
2726:
2541:
1875:
224:
made fasting a voluntary preparation for receiving the sacraments of
35:
534:
Fasting is obligatory for a person if they fulfill five conditions:
3628:
3134:
2992:
2944:
2738:
2692:
2656:
2381:
1454:
1128:
1010:
935:
of the Muslims that fasting is compulsory in the month of Ramadan.
763:
612:
467:
146:
1733:
Popkin, Barry M.; D'Anci, Kristen E.; Rosenberg, Irwin H. (2010).
304:," where Muslims observe in one of the last 10 nights of Ramadan.
3643:
3249:
2937:
2817:
2709:
2702:
2697:
2439:
2250:
Comprehensive Article and Book Collection on fasting and Ramadhan
2101:(in Indonesian). Jakarta, Indonesia: Al-Itishom. pp. 635–7.
960:
916:
808:
769:
481:
413:
273:
150:
134:
104:
46:
27:
1099:, where the sun can be directly overhead and does set at night.
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3100:
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1132:
1006:
893:
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407:
293:
269:
193:
observe fasting as a form of purification and penitence on the
154:
31:
1928:
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3195:
3183:
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2930:
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817:
813:
773:
736:
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510:
502:
372:
355:
297:
287:
281:
185:
observed fasts to appease their gods. Former nations such as
158:
116:
42:
23:
1071:
Nothing in the Quran states directly any instruction in the
998:
in the Islamic calendar (but not for any who are performing
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2467:
999:
932:
922:
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prayer, after which they might eat a more wholesome meal.
683:. Water can enter the mouth, but not be swallowed, during
603:
1732:
702:. Muslims break the fast with dates and water before the
554:
373:
put away your wives (by saying they are as their mothers)
201:
annually. Food and drinks are not permitted on this day.
2235:
Fasting & Ramadan: Complete Interactive Online Guide
1618:
834:
in patients with moderate (GFR <60 ml/min) or severe
1988:
1511:"Surah Al-Ma'idah [5:89] - Al-Qur'an al-Kareem"
952:
Muslims are encouraged, although not obliged, such as:
515:
for a fasting person who requires such financial help.
268:
In the Quran, the practice of fasting is mentioned. In
1716:"The Ramadan Productivity Drop And How To Overcome It"
807:
Many of the purported health benefits associated with
623:. All eating and drinking must be finished before the
1144:
981:
969:, the 13th, 14th, and 15th day of each lunar month (
920:
703:
695:
684:
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666:
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419:
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285:
114:
108:
76:
51:
766:(see the ruling regarding fasting pregnant women).
474:). Without observing this standard obligation, the
1647:
584:
2240:Scholarly Articles on the Law of Fasting in Islam
2067:Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism
1335:"The Fourth Pillar of Islam: The Fast of Ramadan"
1067:Islam in the Arctic § Fasting during Ramadan
1017:
3748:
772:is one of the alternatives proved to reduce the
677:prayer. No food or beverage can be taken after
611:In accordance with traditions handed down from
541:They are accountable (past the age of puberty);
1782:Azizi F (2010). "Islamic fasting and health".
1258:Chittick, William C.; Murata, Sachiko (1994).
1257:
959:Any 6 days in the lunar or "Islamic" month of
244:and was made optional in some cases after the
2315:
2021:
1388:. Palo Alto: Teacher's Curriculum Institute.
1359:"Introduction to Translation of Sahih Muslim"
1332:
947:
113:is observed between dawn and sunset when the
2195:
2064:
1601:https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28597/1/dp0926.pdf
1548:
1385:History Alive! The Medieval World and Beyond
272:, the Quran expresses situations in which a
694:The meal eaten to end the fast is known as
573:(moon) months, and if that is not possible,
2322:
2308:
2255:Esoteric view on sawm - fasting in Ramadan
1420:
1253:
1251:
1249:
637:, the pre-dawn call to prayer. Unlike the
564:Free a slave, and if that is not possible,
560:sexual intercourse, the consequences are:
531:(supplication to Allah) during this time.
16:Fasting regulated by Islamic jurisprudence
1956:
1946:
1905:
1852:
1842:
1758:
1697:"The costs of Ramadan need to be counted"
1424:Fasting in Islam and the Month of Ramadan
820:times, which may do more harm than good.
1645:
1554:
1056:
602:
18:
2285:Fasting Six Days of Shawwal: Necessary?
1246:
598:
189:observed fasting as a form of penance.
3749:
2265:Time of start and end of sawn per city
1890:Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
555:Breaking the fast and the consequences
300:, states that it was revealed "on the
3502:
3270:
2886:
2303:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2088:
1781:
1694:
1596:
1594:
1532:"Al-Fajr As-Sadiq: A New Perspective"
615:, Muslims eat a pre-dawn meal called
452:
432:
204:Fasting took a different form in the
94:
69:
3271:
2887:
1982:
1713:
1479:"Sawm: Fasting the Month of Ramadan"
1471:
1381:
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1289:
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1285:
1283:
1281:
980:(9th of Dhu'I-Hijja in the Islamic (
842:patients with good function or most
576:Feed or clothe sixty people in need.
157:, among others. It is stated in the
2275:How Fasting Helps with Self-Control
1052:
904:
711:
87:
62:
13:
2085:
1999:10.1016/B978-0-12-416045-3.00022-4
1591:
1108:it is said that the Quran states:
14:
3768:
2228:
1351:
1311:
1278:
956:Fasting on Mondays and Thursdays.
778:dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
743:
547:They are settled (not traveling);
466:and indecent speech, arguing and
3731:
3730:
3719:
3250:Schools of islamic jurisprudence
2498:Timeline of the history of Islam
2329:
2260:Islamic holidays and observances
2099:Fiqih Sunah Sayyid Sabiq, vol. 1
2024:American Journal of Perinatology
1751:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00304.x
1660:from the original on 2022-01-12.
1646:Espinoza, Javier (3 June 2016).
1569:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2004.00135.x
525:(remembrance of Allah) and make
3591:List of ex-Muslim organisations
2213:
2177:
2153:
2129:
2115:
2058:
2015:
1973:
1922:
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1688:
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1524:
1503:
1494:
1485:
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1202:
938:
585:Breaking oaths and consequences
263:
128:
2185:"Virtues of fasting on Ashura"
1441:
1414:
1402:
1375:
1222:
1018:Days when fasting is forbidden
1:
2161:"Fasting - IslamTomorrow.com"
2137:"Fasting - IslamTomorrow.com"
2125:– via Internet Archive.
1735:"Water, Hydration and Health"
1621:Journal of Fasting and Health
1409:Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa'imah
1216:
795:The education departments of
427:
388:
3576:Apostasy in Islam by country
3453:Liberalism and progressivism
1935:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
1633:10.22038/JFH.2017.22955.1086
1557:Sleep and Biological Rhythms
183:indigenous peoples of Mexico
7:
1714:Cook, Erin (19 June 2017).
1695:Hasan, Rumy (3 July 2015).
1421:Ramadanali (January 2006).
1168:
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607:Ending the fast at a mosque
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499:, which is essentially the
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338:Inviolable Place of Worship
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26:, a meal consumed to break
10:
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2290:Sawm – The Fast of Ramadan
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948:Days for voluntary fasting
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1948:10.1186/s12884-018-2048-y
1888:(8). Official Journal of
1844:10.1017/S1368980012005046
963:is desirable if possible.
838:but was not injurious to
784:. On the other hand, the
750:Health effects of fasting
567:Fast for two consecutive
187:Assyrians and Babylonians
3673:Islamic view of miracles
1979:Islamic Studies Maldives
1196:
1175:Ancillaries of the Faith
915:Fasting in the month of
825:water intake is adequate
3438:Creationism (evolution)
1299:Encyclopedia Britannica
899:
776:level and activate the
665:. After completing the
657:), as mentioned in the
3688:Persecution of Muslims
3586:List of former Muslims
2503:Succession to Muhammad
2097:Sabiq, Sayyid (2010).
1491:Majmoo' al-Fataawa, 20
1166:
1122:
1079:. At polar latitudes,
1073:polar regions of Earth
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911:Fasting during Ramadan
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608:
544:They are able to fast;
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332:
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3482:Conversion to mosques
3349:Alchemy and chemistry
2245:Fasting in the Quraan
2036:10.1055/s-2005-923435
1339:www.islamreligion.com
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671:, Muslims recite the
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92:Arabic pronunciation:
67:Arabic pronunciation:
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3208:Ma malakat aymanukum
2783:Association football
2280:How to spend Ramadan
1993:. pp. 289–298.
1481:. islamtomorrow.com.
1382:Frey, Wendy (1994).
1005:Tasua (9th day) and
855:gestational diabetes
663:Islamic dietary laws
599:Beginning and ending
2207:www.sahihmuslim.com
2191:. October 22, 2015.
1333:IslamReligion.com.
1261:The vision of Islam
931:said that there is
790:biochemical markers
242:Protestant churches
34:to break fast with
3693:Quran and miracles
3607:Criticism of Islam
3321:Geometric patterns
3173:Gender segregation
2744:Non-denominational
2079:10.3233/MNM-140011
1831:Public Health Nutr
1606:2021-02-25 at the
1538:. 20 January 2013.
1411:, vol. 10, p. 246.
1180:Fidyah and Kaffara
1089:December solstices
1063:
853:labor and causing
756:Fasting in Ramadan
609:
453:General conditions
39:
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3668:Islamic terrorism
3663:Islamic extremism
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3048:Marriage contract
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2838:Political aspects
2625:Story of Prophets
2394:Prophets of Islam
2270:Health in Ramadan
2203:"SahihMuslim.Com"
2165:IslamTomorrow.com
2141:IslamTomorrow.com
2008:978-0-12-416045-3
1796:10.1159/000295848
1739:Nutrition Reviews
1264:. Paragon House.
1141:September equinox
1002:(the pilgrimage).
538:They are Muslims;
161:that Allah says:
96:[sˤijaːm]
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3757:Fasting in Islam
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3726:Islam portal
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2870:Islam by country
2703:Bektashi Alevism
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2342:Outline of Islam
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1105:Ma'ariful Qur'an
1053:In polar regions
994:First 9 days of
987:
926:
905:Month of Ramadan
840:renal transplant
786:circadian rhythm
780:and so, prevent
731:
730:Quran; 79:40–41)
712:Spiritual aspect
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3342:
3338:
3332:
3329:
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3324:
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3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
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3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
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3281:
3277:
3269:
3265:
3251:
3248:
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3243:
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3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:
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3200:
3198:
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3181:
3179:
3176:
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3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3127:Death penalty
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:Other aspects
3091:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
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3066:
3064:
3063:
3059:
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3022:
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3017:
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3007:
3006:
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3000:
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2994:
2990:
2988:
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2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2897:Jurisprudence
2895:
2893:
2890:
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2885:
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2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
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2740:
2737:
2733:
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2725:
2723:
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2715:
2711:
2708:
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2700:
2699:
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2679:
2676:
2674:
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2669:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2636:Denominations
2633:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2593:
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2577:
2575:
2572:
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2549:
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2519:
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2493:
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2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2421:Holiest sites
2419:
2417:
2416:Judgement Day
2414:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2385:
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2369:
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2306:
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2296:
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2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2221:
2216:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2124:
2118:
2110:
2108:9789793071893
2104:
2100:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2010:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1882:J Res Med Sci
1879:
1872:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
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1778:
1770:
1766:
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1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1659:
1655:
1654:The Telegraph
1650:
1642:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1609:
1605:
1602:
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1545:
1537:
1533:
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1512:
1506:
1497:
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1474:
1460:
1456:
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1430:
1426:
1425:
1417:
1410:
1405:
1397:
1391:
1387:
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1378:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
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1300:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1273:
1271:9781557785169
1267:
1263:
1262:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1210:
1209:Qur'an, 2:222
1205:
1201:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1163:
1162:Qur'an, 2:184
1157:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1118:Qur'an, 2:187
1113:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1001:
997:
996:Dhu al-Hijjah
993:
990:
986:
985:
979:
978:Day of Arafah
975:
972:
968:
965:
962:
958:
955:
954:
953:
945:
936:
934:
930:
925:
924:
918:
912:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
878:
876:
872:
868:
862:
860:
856:
852:
847:
845:
844:stone-forming
841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
821:
819:
815:
810:
805:
802:
798:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
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765:
759:
757:
751:
741:
738:
726:
722:
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706:
700:
699:
692:
689:
688:
681:
675:
669:
664:
660:
655:
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643:
642:
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634:
627:
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620:
614:
605:
596:
593:
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571:
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546:
543:
540:
537:
536:
535:
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529:
523:
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485:
483:
478:
473:
469:
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425:
422:
416:
415:
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404:
403:
397:
383:
377:
374:
365:
359:
357:
347:
341:
339:
329:
323:
321:
305:
303:
299:
295:
290:
289:
283:
279:
275:
271:
261:
259:
255:
254:Ash Wednesday
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:adult baptism
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
172:
166:
162:
160:
156:
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148:
144:
140:
136:
126:
124:
119:
118:
111:
106:
102:
97:
85:
81:
79:
72:
60:
56:
54:
48:
44:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
3651:Islamophobia
3526:Christianity
3474:
3407:Contemporary
3301:Architecture
3240:
3206:
3194:
3182:
3140:
3133:
3099:
3081:
3076:Nikah mut'ah
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3003:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2842:
2623:
2547:
2529:
2522:
2466:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:Five Pillars
2408:
2374:
2363:God in Islam
2340:
2215:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2168:. Retrieved
2164:
2155:
2144:. Retrieved
2140:
2131:
2117:
2098:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2030:(1): 21–24.
2027:
2023:
2017:
1990:
1984:
1975:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1885:
1881:
1871:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1719:
1709:
1701:The Guardian
1700:
1690:
1672:
1666:
1653:
1641:
1627:(2): 74–77.
1624:
1620:
1614:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1536:Al-Islam.org
1535:
1526:
1516:September 4,
1514:. Retrieved
1505:
1496:
1487:
1473:
1462:. Retrieved
1458:
1449:
1443:
1423:
1416:
1408:
1404:
1384:
1377:
1366:. Retrieved
1362:
1353:
1342:. Retrieved
1338:
1302:. Retrieved
1298:
1260:
1237:. Retrieved
1233:
1224:
1204:
1192:in Mandaeism
1154:
1126:
1123:
1111:
1103:
1101:
1085:midnight sun
1083:feature the
1077:Saudi Arabia
1070:
1048:
1021:
988:) calendar).
951:
942:
939:Days of oath
914:
879:
863:
848:
832:renal injury
829:
822:
806:
794:
782:osteoporosis
768:
760:
753:
734:
724:
715:
693:
610:
588:
579:
558:
533:
517:
489:menstruation
486:
456:
442:
392:
382:Quran 58:2-4
370:
352:
334:
307:
267:
264:In the Quran
232:and for the
203:
176:
164:
143:Confucianism
139:Christianity
132:
129:Introduction
75:
50:
40:
3426:Other areas
3417:Theological
3412:Eschatology
3369:Mathematics
3306:Calligraphy
3236:Theological
3190:Inheritance
3107:Cleanliness
2537:Shi'a Imams
2531:Ahl al-Bayt
1892:: 711–716.
1093:polar night
1037:Eid al-Fitr
1031:Eid al-Adha
929:Ibn Qudamah
882:Ibn Qudamah
460:shari'a law
458:Quranic or
433:Intention (
418:) when the
346:Quran 2:196
270:verse 2:183
258:Good Friday
246:Reformation
238:Lenten fast
179:Inca Empire
171:Quran 2:183
3581:Ex-Muslims
3476:Shu'ubiyya
3470:Psychology
3458:Literature
3448:Inventions
3394:Philosophy
3202:Leadership
3178:Honorifics
2833:Philosophy
2688:Isma'ilism
2653:Maturidism
2542:Caliphates
2513:Golden Age
2404:Revelation
2295:My Ramadan
2170:2017-04-27
2146:2017-04-27
1941:(1): 421.
1464:2020-12-26
1459:sunnah.com
1368:2019-12-10
1344:2020-01-24
1304:2020-01-24
1239:2020-01-24
1217:References
1097:subtropics
748:See also:
428:Conditions
389:Definition
364:Quran 5:95
234:ordination
199:Yom Kippur
133:Religious
101:holy month
49:(known as
3698:Symbolism
3656:Incidents
3634:Criticism
3531:Mormonism
3433:Astrology
3359:Cosmology
3354:Astronomy
3296:Arabesque
3163:Etiquette
3122:Blasphemy
2912:Economics
2727:Ahmadiyya
2661:Mu'tazili
2649:Ash'arism
2189:Arab News
2052:260001799
1898:1735-1995
1682:824393822
1585:143593355
1577:1446-9235
1156:grateful.
933:consensus
320:devotions
278:2:183–185
181:and many
30:. It's a
3751:Category
3736:Category
3629:Islamism
3612:Muhammad
3568:Apostasy
3543:Hinduism
3443:Feminism
3374:Medicine
3214:Military
3168:Gambling
3117:Apostasy
3112:Criminal
3024:Marriage
2993:Tayammum
2945:Murabaha
2818:Madrasas
2808:Holidays
2798:Clothing
2793:Children
2788:Calendar
2739:Quranism
2693:Alawites
2657:Atharism
2548:Rashidun
2387:In Islam
2382:Muhammad
2222:page 450
2044:16450268
1967:30359228
1916:24379850
1863:23182306
1854:10282472
1812:13428042
1804:20424438
1769:20646222
1658:Archived
1604:Archived
1169:See also
1159:—
1129:Svalbard
1115:—
1011:Muharram
892:and the
851:inducing
799:and the
728:—
645:and the
613:Muhammad
468:fighting
464:ignorant
379:—
361:—
343:—
325:—
292:. Verse
252:fast on
208:such as
168:—
147:Hinduism
3683:Nursing
3644:Qutbism
3558:Sikhism
3553:Judaism
3548:Jainism
3384:Physics
3331:Pottery
3316:Gardens
3311:Carpets
3226:Slavery
3148:Divorce
3135:Dhabiĥa
2963:Hygiene
2938:Takaful
2920:Banking
2850:Science
2844:Qurbani
2813:Mosques
2773:Animals
2762:Culture
2710:Zaydism
2698:Alevism
2584:Ottoman
2574:Almohad
2569:Fatimid
2564:Córdoba
2559:Abbasid
2554:Umayyad
2487:Leaders
2482:History
2440:Shahada
2355:Beliefs
2123:"37489"
1991:Obesity
1958:6202808
1907:3872613
1760:2908954
1234:HISTORY
1230:"Islam"
1102:In the
961:Shawwal
917:Ramadan
894:Zahiris
886:Bukhari
809:Ramadan
770:Fasting
705:maghrib
648:maghrib
592:kaffara
482:Charity
414:maghrib
151:Judaism
135:fasting
121:of the
105:Ramadan
47:fasting
3505:
3463:poetry
3273:
3158:Ethics
3142:Dhimmi
3101:Baligh
3062:Mahram
3019:Family
2999:Toilet
2979:Miswak
2732:Lahori
2673:Salafi
2619:Seerah
2614:Tafsir
2609:Hadith
2579:Sokoto
2524:Sahaba
2399:Angels
2376:Tawhid
2333:topics
2105:
2050:
2042:
2005:
1965:
1955:
1914:
1904:
1896:
1861:
1851:
1810:
1802:
1767:
1757:
1680:
1583:
1575:
1431:
1392:
1268:
1133:Norway
1007:Ashura
871:fidyah
867:fidyah
859:fidyah
797:Berlin
719:Qur'an
659:hadith
495:fidyah
462:(e.g.
446:niyyah
436:niyyah
408:sunset
356:Ka'bah
315:
311:
274:Muslim
155:Taoism
153:, and
84:Arabic
59:Arabic
32:Sunnah
3617:Quran
3507:Other
3402:Early
3326:Music
3242:Kalam
3196:Jizya
3184:Hudud
3069:Nikah
2986:Najis
2972:Ghusl
2931:Sukuk
2860:Women
2828:Music
2803:Flags
2717:Ibadi
2644:Sunni
2604:Quran
2461:Zakat
2447:Salah
2410:Qadar
2368:Allah
2331:Islam
2048:S2CID
1808:S2CID
1581:S2CID
1197:Notes
1190:Sauma
1137:March
1091:have
984:Hijri
971:Hijri
818:Iftar
814:Suhur
774:DPP-4
737:Allah
698:iftar
680:suhur
668:suhur
626:adhan
619:suhur
570:Hijri
522:dhikr
511:suhur
503:iftar
421:adhan
406:) to
294:2:185
288:ihram
159:Quran
117:adhan
78:siyam
43:Islam
36:Dates
24:Iftar
3288:Arts
3219:POWs
3153:Diet
3083:Zina
3055:Mahr
3041:Haya
3005:Wudu
2952:Riba
2865:LGBT
2757:Life
2678:Shia
2668:Sufi
2659:and
2468:Hajj
2454:Sawm
2103:ISBN
2040:PMID
2003:ISBN
1963:PMID
1912:PMID
1894:ISSN
1859:PMID
1800:PMID
1765:PMID
1678:OCLC
1573:ISSN
1518:2017
1429:ISBN
1390:ISBN
1266:ISBN
1147:qaḍē
1087:and
1042:it."
1000:Hajj
976:The
923:Fard
900:Days
816:and
687:wudu
674:fajr
641:zuhr
633:fajr
629:for
507:and
477:sawm
470:and
402:fajr
396:dawn
354:the
298:97:1
282:5:95
256:and
228:and
206:West
191:Jews
110:sawm
88:صيام
53:sawm
28:fast
3029:Sex
2892:Law
2778:Art
2075:doi
2032:doi
1995:doi
1953:PMC
1943:doi
1902:PMC
1849:PMC
1839:doi
1792:doi
1755:PMC
1747:doi
1629:doi
1565:doi
1139:or
1131:in
890:Ata
888:, '
528:dua
197:or
103:of
74:or
63:صوم
41:In
3753::
2655:,
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