2020:) is not clear. The exegetes have understood this in two key ways: first, from the "crooked rib" and second, "of the same type (substance)" It is worth mentioning that the Bible presents both accounts - of the same type (Genesis 1:26-7) and from the rib (Genesis 2:20-4) (109). The creation of man in the Quran differed from the Bible in that man was not made like the image of God but in the best of creation and not from Earth's dust but specifically from a dried pottery-like dark red clay, and that humans were made from a mixed fluid droplet that was recreated into a clinging thing, and that God made from water every living thing and that Eve was made from the person of Adam not his rib.
1980:, who succeeded because he sought refuge in God before, for that he will not return unsuccessful. Another common traditions, portrayed the body of Adam lying on the ground for forty years, whereupon Iblis became curious of the new creation. After investigating the lifeless body, he promised that, if he will gain authority over it, he will destroy it. In another tradition, it is not Azrael, but Iblis, included among the archangels, who succeeded in collecting soil from the earth, thus he later declined to prostrate himself before whose formation he just assisted.
2046:(d. 2010) was of the opinion that with the advances in our knowledge due to modern science, the notion of Eve's creation from Adam's rib is against human observation and reason. He believes the "crooked rib" hadith is using a metaphor to make a point regarding the psychological nature of women. Israr, in the evolution of the animal kingdom from a unicellular being like an amoeba, sees a clear indication that the creation was brought forth from the first unicellular being in which the characteristic of biological sex did not exist.
749:
4162:
it. Often called the earthly counterpart to God's throne in heaven. Circumambulated seven times during the hajj ritual in imitation of angels circumambulating God's throne. Contains the Black Stone, which pilgrims often try to touch or kiss during circumambulations, believing that it physically absorbs sin; all pilgrims salute the stone as a gesture of their renewed covenant with God. Covered with a cloth called kiswah, which is embroidered with verses from the Quran.
2109:
2315:
737:
680:
631:
4553:
2125:
40:
2151:): the heavenly hosts, and servants of God. In the Quran angels are described as winged beings of no specific gender, who wholly worship and are devoted servants of God. Each angel has a specially defined role, consisting of various duties, however only God knows all of the roles and duties of the angels. In Islam angels serve the purpose of teaching the importance of
994:) were created by God in six days, with three verse mentioning creation and numbers of days—how many days it took to create only the earth (two days); provide mountains, nutrients, etc. (four days); God's giving of orders to heaven and earth; and creating the seven heavens (two days). The arithmetic of adding the numbers of days can be confusing, as critics (
1937:, the future devil, plays a significant role in this story, either as the angel, who led his army into battle against the jinn, whereafter he declined to acknowledge the dignity of their successors, or as one of the few pious jinn, which were spared by the angels, but became an infidel, by opposing his successor.
1055:", thereupon the world came into existence. This world is absolutely distinct from God. Accordingly, the world was neither created out of His own essence nor did God create the world out of a primordial matter which preceded the creation, but created by His sheer command not bound by the laws of nature.
2068:
Regarding the creation of
Muhammad, Islam developed the belief in the pre-existence of Muhammad. This posits that God created the spiritual nature of Muhammad before God created the universe or Adam. Following this belief, Muhammad was the first prophet created, but the last one sent to mankind. When
4161:
Cube-shaped "House of God" located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Focal point of the hajj pilgrimage and a world spiritual center that all
Muslims face during prayer. Muslims believe that it was built by Abraham (Ibrahim) and Ishmael (Ismail); some believe Adam built it and Abraham and Ishmael only rebuilt
2041:
who reported from
Muhammad that "indeed, woman was created from a rib, and if you wish to straighten her you break her." Many traditionalist exegetes like al-Tabari, Ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi, Maybudi, etc. have quoted these opinions. But others like Abu Ja'far Muhammad al-Baqir and Ibn Bahr argue that
888:
in the sense of "fable, fiction, lie" to refer to classical mythology. However, the word is also used with other meanings in academic discourse. It may refer to "a story that serves to define the fundamental worldview of a culture" or to stories which a given culture regards as true (as opposed to
939:, the Quran only provides a summary of a certain story, and gets into the religio-moral point, rather scattered through the Quran, instead of offering such narrations in a chronological order. More extensive details about stories incorporated by the Quran were taken from extra-Islamic sources (
2007:
argues that since the nature and manner of Eve's creation in the Qur'an remains obscure, exegetes had no option but to read into the text of the Qur'an using
Biblical, para-Biblical accounts and older myths. The first spouse, according to the Qur'anic narrative, was created from
2234:
In Islam, Iblis is the name of the devil. He is called the enemy of God (Aduw Allāh), and is without him. There seems to be various stories as to the origin and role of Iblis in Islam, but he is often portrayed as the head of shaitan, and in direct opposition to God.
2411:
stated: "Evidence shows that the Earth is a sphere but public people say the opposite." He added: "None of those who deserve being Imams for
Muslims has denied that Earth is round. And we have not received anything indicates a denial, not even a single word."
1025:(ستة أيام) or six days. Critics note that modern cosmology does not fit well with creation of the universe in six (or eight) days and that it would be difficult to determine days before the sun and earth had been created, but many preachers argue the word
2840:
The word 'myth' is popularly understood to mean idle fancy, fiction, or falsehood; but there is another meaning of the word in academic discourse. A myth, in this latter sense of the word, is a story that serves to define the fundamental worldview of a
2622:
disapprove of many records about the traditional material regarding angels, including the
Classical scholars who used them, which has led to a marginalization of Islamic thought of angels, including names and stories regarding their origin.
3680:
Uri Rubin, “Pre-Existence and Light—Aspects of the
Concept of Nūr Muḥammad”, Israel Oriental Studies 5 (1975), 62–119 [Reprinted in: Uri Rubin, Muhammad the Prophet and Arabia, Variorum Collected Studies Series (Ashgate, 2011) p.
883:
The discussion of religion in terms of mythology is a controversial topic. The word "myth" is commonly used with connotations of falsehood, reflecting a legacy of the derogatory early
Christian usage of the Greek word
2666:
The idea of Pre-Islamic
Muhammad in deeply rooted in Islamic tradition and already attested in the Sunni-canonical collection (al-Tirmidhi). The association of Muhammads pre-existence with light can also be found in
2053:, and the serpent reappears together with a peacock as two animals, which supported Iblis to slip into Adam's abode. Many denied, that the Garden in which Adam dwelled with his wife, was identical with the
2471:, the Black Stone is reported to have been milky white after being descended from Heaven but was rendered black due to the sins of the people, who had touched it. Muslims do not worship the Black Stone.
1976:
to collect a handful of soil from earth. But every time an archangel approached earth, the earth sought refuge in God, that it might not be distorted. All the archangels returned empty-handed, except
843:
is a part of cosmogonic and cosmological myths, which are myths that deal in matters of the creation and origins of the universe, and more specially, the world. A cosmology is a culture's specific
2330:
at the edge of the visible world. Despite being flat, there is no trace of a disc-shaped earth within cosmological treatises. The heavenly dome ends at a world-serpent or agon. Studies from
2065:, in Islamic thought, they did not simply walk out of paradise, but fell out of it. Hawa was punished with childbirth and menstruation, while Adam became bald and the serpent lost its legs.
1987:) on the creation of Eve as outlined in the foundational sources - Qur'an and Hadith. Surah an-Nisa verse one says "O people! Be mindful of your Lord who created you from a single soul (
990:
While in Islam there is no single story of creation, it is made clear that God is the one who created the world. Four different verses in the Quran mentions that the heavens and earth (
2962:
Intertextualität als hermeneutischer Zugang zur
Auslegung des Korans: Eine Betrachtung am Beispiel der Verwendung von Israiliyyat in der Rezeption der Davidserzählung in Sure 38: 21-25
2920:
Intertextualität als hermeneutischer Zugang zur Auslegung des Korans: Eine Betrachtung am Beispiel der Verwendung von Israiliyyat in der Rezeption der Davidserzählung in Sure 38: 21-25
2369:, inhabited by angels and houris, as a Garden with sprawling meadows and flowing rivers. The inhabitants can rest on couches bedecked with silk and visit the other deads if they wish.
869:. Translated Eschatology means the "discourse about the last things". Eschatology deals with the question and ultimate quest for what is the "ultimate purpose" of humans in this life.
2218:, and are believed to be capable of great mystical powers. In Islam Jinn are intellectual creatures who, like humans, have received the Revealed Law, and will be accounted for on the
1969:. Thus, although Adam's disobedience created evil, only this made it possible to create good. The disobediences of Adam and his wife were already forgiven by God during their life.
2105:). Islamic traditions state more precisely, how different spiritual creatures were created. Islamic mythology commonly acknowledges three different types of spiritual entities:
2004:
4079:
Ash-Shareef, Abdurrahim Khairullah Omar (2014). "Aspects of Ancient Muslim Scholars' Induction Drawn from the Holy Qur'an in Proving Earth is Spherical". Zarqa University: 217.
2026:(d. 150/767), one of the earliest interpreters of the Qur'an says Eve was created from Adam's rib and this is reflected in her name - Eve (Hawwa), from the word living being (
2334:'s works often give the description of the first heaven, consisting of waters enclosing the earth. The world is carried by different creatures: an angel, a bull and a fish.
3489:
Leigh N. B. Chipman. “Mythic Aspects of the Process of Adam's Creation in Judaism and Islam.” Studia Islamica, no. 93, 2001, pp. 5–25. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1596106.
831:. In addition, Islamic scriptures contain a number of legendary narratives about biblical characters, which diverge from Jewish and Christian traditions in some details.
2478:
was originally intended as a symbolic house for the one monotheistic God. However, according to Islamic mythology, after Ibrahim's death, people started to fill the
2454:. According to other opinions, Ibrahim and Ismail were the first to build it. As Ismail was searching for a stone to mark a corner with, he met with the angel
2222:
Jinn, like humans, have the capability and choice of both good and evil, and according to the Quran, will be judged by God for such choices come judgment day.
4270:
1943:: Adam and his descendants are thought of as the deputy of God. Therefore, humans are obligated to maintain the earth given by God and should spiritualize
811:, who plays a central role in Islamic teachings, is generally recognized as being largely historical in nature, and Islam depends less on mythology than
2595:", downplaying mystical, cosmic, and mythological aspects attributed to Muhammad, while simultaneously emphasizing the social and political role of the
2618:. Accordingly, adherents of Qutbist thought began to no longer perceive Khidr (and his corresponding mythology) as related to Islam. The teachings of
1972:
Islamic traditions are more extensive, adding further details into the Quranic creation narrative. According to a common narrative, God ordered the
1933:
preceded humanity, but God decided to replace them, due to their malevolence. Whereupon God sent an army of angels to annihilate the rule of jinn.
2042:
Eve was created "of the same type." In the modern period, the creation of Eve continues to be intensely debated. Pakistani scholar of the Qur'an,
1963:. According to the Quran, as punishment God declares the earth as a dwelling place for humans. Only due to free will, humans are able to produce
851:). These stores of creation explain in that specific culture the origin of people, the first "home", and the early place of people in the world.
2282:(Gog and Magog). Later, spiritual entities from other cultures were identified with those of the Quran and assimilated to Islamic lore, such as
690:
4288:
1122:
1947:, to rule and govern it in accordance with God's will. The heavenly Adam, who has learned the names of God, functions as the prototype of
4141:
4347:
2568:- the Day of Resurrection; a fundamental element of Islamic eschatology that incorporates much from the Jewish and Christian traditions
4501:
4465:
1017:
then created the landscape of the earth, placed the sky above it as a roof, and created the day and night cycles by appointing an
959:(Tafsir). Although important in early Tafsir, later scholars discouraged the usage of Isra'iliyyats. Besides narrations from the
740:
Muhammad and his companions advancing on Mecca, attended by the angels Jibrael, Mikael, Israfil and Izrael. An illustration from
414:
2061:. They rather lived in paradisical conditions before their fall, while after their fall, they need to work to survive. Unlike
4438:
4050:
3927:
3906:
3715:
3655:
3456:
3382:
2948:
301:
1013:, the heavens and the earth were joined ("of one piece") as one "unit of creation", after which they were "cloven asunder".
698:
943:). Alluding that such stories were of Jewish origin, in fact, Isra'iliyyats may also derive from other religions, such as
3588:
2830:
Grassie, William (March 1998). "Science as Epic? Can the modern evolutionary cosmology be a mythic story for our time?".
1897:
1782:
1754:
2357:
the highest layer of heaven. Hell is portrayed with the imageries of seas of fire, dungeons, thorny shrubs, the tree of
4557:
1955:
Adam is according to Islam, both the first human and the first prophet. The Quran says that he and his wife dwelled in
2349:
Both heaven and hell coexist with the temporary world. The seven layers of hell are identified with the seven earths.
4408:
4122:
4029:
3982:
3948:
3825:
3804:
3736:
3636:
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3310:
3289:
3268:
2969:
2927:
2811:
2717:
723:
479:
1714:
79:
4274:
898:
661:
2214:): that exist between both visible and invisible realms of life. Jinn are creatures who have existed in Arabia
1304:
1267:
606:
1576:
1051:: A position especially held by most classical scholars: God existed alone in eternity, until God's command "
350:
1002:
argues that commentators understand the four days in verse Q.41:9 to include the two days in verse Q.41:10.
998:) point out that two plus four plus two "increases creation from six to eight days", but Quranic translator
2155:, specifically the importance of specializing in a variety of subjects so that a society is well balanced.
1739:
1704:
382:
1929:
and his descendants replace another species, who formerly inhabited and ruled the earth. Accordingly, the
1069:: Accordingly, the world was emanated from God and the world has an eternal essence but created existence.
2373:
2034:
1749:
1127:
429:
256:
2400:), both of whom worked from the premise that the Earth was spherical and at the centre of the universe (
4572:
3818:
Classical Arabic Humanities in Their Own Terms: Festschrift for Wolfhart Heinrichs on His 65th Birthday
1744:
985:
469:
3941:
Türk Mitolojik Sistemi 2: Kutsal Dişi – Mitolojik Ana, Umay Paradigmasında İlkel Mitolojik Kategoriler
3204:, a heavenly Day is 1000 years of our time. The Day of Judgment will be 50 000 years of our time (see
2049:
Islamic traditions often use figures similar to the Biblical narrative. Adam's wife is commonly named
1497:
819:. However, the canonical narrative includes two key supernatural events: the divine revelation of the
4433:
Stephen Burge Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi Akhbar al-malik Routledge 2015
3776:
3749:
3650:
Marion Holmes Katz The Birth of The Prophet Muhammad: Devotional Piety in Sunni Islam Routledge 2007
3451:
Scott B. Noegel, Brannon M. Wheeler The A to Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism Scarecrow Press 2010
2223:
1394:
847:, and how in that culture the universe is structured (the placement of the Earth, the stars, and the
774:. Islam is a religion that is more concerned with social order and law than with religious ritual or
564:
276:
4255:
4097:
2671:'s Sira. Later, both Sunni and Shia sources extended this motif to construct cosmological scenarios.
2318:
Map of the world according to Zakariya al-Qazwini. The world carried by a fish, a bull and an angel.
3468:
Alexander Kulik, Catherine Mary MacRobert, Svetlina Nikolova, Moshe Taube, Cynthia M. Vakareliyska
1842:
496:
296:
4322:
4296:
2745:
2619:
2152:
1890:
694:
91:
4022:
Islamische Erzählungen von Propheten und Gottesmännern: Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʼ oder ʻArāʼis al-maǧālis
2101:) makes up the basic substance for spiritual entities, in contrast to humans created from clay (
1910:
According to Quranic creation narrative, God informed the angels, that He was going to create a
839:
The two types of myth and legends that make up Islamic mythology are cosmogony and eschatology.
4250:
2647:
1948:
1859:
1727:
1699:
1379:
1314:
878:
775:
545:
311:
3200:
Footnote- The word day is not always used in the Quran to mean a 24-hour period. According to
2705:
4149:
4084:
2377:
2189:
who is responsible for the natural events, the weather, and the sustenance of living things.
1944:
1822:
1643:
1581:
1539:
1384:
920:
540:
365:
149:
104:
4355:
4112:
3374:
2799:
4457:
4223:
4214:
Elsebeth, Thompson (1980). "New Light on the Origin of the Holy Black Stone of the Ka'ba".
2983:"Creation stories in Islam - The existence of God - GCSE Religious Studies Revision - CCEA"
2982:
2578:
2560:
2279:
2023:
1827:
1789:
1638:
1571:
1566:
1544:
1374:
1344:
1277:
1175:
1140:
778:. The primary focus of Islam is the practical and rational practice and application of the
4376:
4174:
3920:
The Self Possessed: Deity and Spirit Possession in South Asian Literature and Civilization
1294:
8:
4424:
Pages 207-239 | Received 10 Jan 2005, Accepted 12 Apr 2005, Published online: 19 Aug 2006
3193:
2632:
2582:
2335:
2183:
2163:
2062:
1732:
1719:
1407:
1309:
1247:
1160:
1100:
1033:) can be translated as "era" or "period", and sometimes is in translations of the Quran.
816:
795:
654:
550:
184:
84:
4227:
4190:
3671:
Islamic Studies, vol. 3, no. 3, 1964, pp. 285–308. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20832755.
2365:
and shayatin. The imageries heavens are described with different colors, seas of light,
4235:
2603:
2380:. The Islamic theoretical framework largely relied on the fundamental contributions of
2215:
2128:
1883:
1794:
1777:
1591:
1551:
1507:
1479:
1354:
1324:
1319:
1257:
1252:
1232:
1222:
1200:
1165:
1144:
1117:
1107:
1052:
1044:(authors of Quranic commentary), Islam acknowledges three different types of creation:
999:
824:
753:
574:
531:
501:
484:
459:
404:
360:
72:
3143:
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1444:
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1242:
1237:
1227:
1212:
1190:
1170:
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1112:
615:
579:
526:
439:
399:
261:
3367:
1596:
4231:
3506:
3261:
The Qurʾānic Pagans and Related Matters: Collected Studies in Three Volumes, Band 1
3245:
The Problem of Creation in Islamic Thought, Qur'an, Hadith, Commentaries, and Kalam
3232:
The Problem of Creation in Islamic Thought, Qur'an, Hadith, Commentaries, and Kalam
3219:
The Problem of Creation in Islamic Thought, Qur'an, Hadith, Commentaries, and Kalam
2642:
2523:
2441:
2434:
2401:
2271:
2167:
1854:
1709:
1633:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1556:
1517:
1512:
1489:
1432:
1412:
1389:
1369:
1349:
1334:
1185:
1180:
1150:
1132:
1079:: God fashioned the whole world out of primordial matter, the waters and the smoke.
912:
812:
424:
419:
370:
355:
340:
249:
128:
3550:
3208:). Hence, the six Days of creation refer to six eons of time, known only by Allah.
2326:
period, the earth is flat, surrounded by water, which is veiled in darkness, with
2247:): comparable to Christian demons or devils, usually regarded as the offspring of
786:
identifies a number of traditional narratives as "Islamic myths". These include a
2586:
2447:
later rebuilt it on its original foundations after was destroyed in the flood of
2323:
2140:
1849:
1648:
1586:
1474:
1464:
1454:
1427:
1419:
1364:
1299:
1289:
1282:
1272:
1205:
1195:
1155:
952:
940:
916:
559:
375:
335:
324:
306:
209:
154:
67:
3694:
Approaches to the History of the Interpretation of The Qur'an, Oxford 1988 p.129
3256:
2552:
2303:
2038:
1995:)..." Most Muslim exegetes have interpreted this verse as suggesting that Eve (
1956:
1532:
1527:
1484:
1469:
1329:
1217:
1021:
for both the sun and moon. The Quran states that the process of creation took
960:
948:
932:
908:
647:
519:
506:
464:
409:
23:
4249:
Hedin, Christer. "Muslim Pilgrimage as Education by Experience". p. 176.
2614:
and the Quran, eliminating his identification with God's servant mentioned in
2174:
and Malik, The Recorders, and The Guardians. There are great angels in Islam,
4566:
3510:
2733:
2637:
2545:- flood-event. Unlike Christianity, the flood might be either global or local
2542:
2538:
2448:
2366:
2219:
1926:
1676:
1666:
1621:
924:
858:
844:
828:
787:
584:
489:
449:
705:
4528:
3500:
1799:
1076:
1014:
944:
791:
748:
741:
635:
591:
328:
60:
49:
4496:. Trans. Willard R. Trask. NY: Harper & Row (Harper Torchbooks), 1968.
4114:
The Shade of Swords: Jihad and the Conflict Between Islam and Christianity
3502:
Gender Hierarchy in the Qur'an: Medieval Interpretations, Modern Responses
3399:
The Origin and the Overcoming of Evil and Suffering in the World Religions
2607:
2529:
2462:
2043:
1681:
854:
779:
387:
345:
269:
3201:
3128:
3082:
3070:
3018:
2907:
2895:
2741:
2182:, whose trumpet will bring the end of days as well as its resurrection,
2108:
1010:
3440:
3303:
Prophets in the Quran: An Introduction to the Quran and Muslim Exegesis
3205:
3197:
3167:
3058:
3046:
3014:
3010:
3006:
2883:
2548:
2494:
is now empty. It now stands as an important pilgrimage site, which all
2171:
2074:
1973:
1832:
1671:
995:
964:
392:
3420:
Qur'an and Woman: Rereading the Sacred Text from a Woman's Perspective
2668:
2504:). Muslims are supposed to pray five times a day while facing in the
2381:
2362:
2361:, but also immense cold at bottom, inhabited by scorpions, serpents,
2343:
2327:
2262:
Other prominent creatures within Islamic mythological traditions are
2058:
1804:
1062:
1006:
848:
840:
291:
4061:
4059:
2322:
According to popular ideas derived from cultural beliefs during the
2314:
2124:
736:
2615:
2483:
2408:
2396:
2386:
2339:
1869:
1837:
1066:
1039:
907:
includes many biblical narratives. Central figures, such as Moses (
808:
601:
569:
283:
217:
4178:
3964:
1982 Beirut Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden isbn 3515-03177-4 p. 86
3669:
The Creation of Man and Angels in the Eschatological Literature: .
2243:
2037:(d. 3rd/9th century) presents the same reading by referring it to
827:— the night journey to Jerusalem followed by the ascension to the
4056:
2565:
2455:
2391:
2354:
2267:
2238:
2179:
2175:
2159:
2117:
968:
434:
111:
2433:) to be the earthly counterpart of the House of Heaven and that
4552:
4467:
Twenty Three Years: A Study of the Prophetic Career of Mohammad
4065:
Ragep, F. Jamil: "Astronomy", in: Krämer, Gudrun (ed.) et al.:
2556:
2533:
2495:
2486:
conquered Mecca after his exile, he removed the idols from the
2467:
2376:
was developed on the basis of a spherical earth inherited from
2358:
2350:
2331:
2295:
2287:
2251:, They tempt humans (and jinn) into sin. In Islamic folklore,
2054:
1977:
1864:
956:
862:
454:
444:
233:
201:
193:
178:
172:
56:
3857:. Islam, Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn. p. 14.
2299:
935:), reappear throughout the Quran. However, in contrast to the
3975:
E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Band 4
2611:
2591:
2510:
2429:
2338:
identified the bull and the fish with the biblical monsters,
2291:
2275:
2263:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2113:
1951:(Perfect human), which flawed humans should strive to become.
1934:
1772:
1018:
936:
928:
904:
820:
800:
771:
767:
763:
596:
474:
165:
123:
116:
39:
31:
3608:
Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn Syracuse University
3596:. Lahore: Markazi Anjuman Khuddam-ul-Quran. pp. 32–35.
3221:
National Printing and Publishing, Bagdad, 1968 p. 29 and 96
2500:
2424:
2283:
2197:
2082:
2078:
1965:
1930:
1091:
866:
225:
133:
4456:. Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library.
3373:(3rd ed.). New York: Taknike Tarsile Quran. p.
2606:
reject most traditional Islamic mythological narratives.
2086:
1918:
holds different interpretations within Islamic exegesis:
4542:, Third Edition. Elizabeth: Hollym International, 1982.
4020:
Abu Ashaq Ahmad At-Talabi, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad Thaʻlabī
2131:
of Depiction of Iblis with turban, refusing to prostrat
3692:
A Study of Some Legends in Tafsir and Hadit Literature
3505:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 104.
2732:
2498:
are supposed to visit at least once if they are able (
2073:
inscripted in the Throne of God, a belief attested by
3234:
National Printing and Publishing, Bagdad, 1968 p. 179
1999:) is the secondary creation brought forth from Adam (
3247:
National Printing and Publishing, Bagdad, 1968 p. 53
3172:
2209:
1037:
798:, as well as the distinctively Islamic story of the
782:. Despite this focus, Islamic myths do still exist.
2740:; Buxton, Richard G.A.; Stefon, Matt (2017-01-03).
3366:
2589:sought out a more practical model to "restore the
1959:. Adam and his wife both eat from the forbidden
955:(Stories of the Prophets), but also integrated in
4535:. NY: Harper & Row (Perennial Library), 1965.
3183:. Amherst NY: Prometheus Books. pp. 134–137.
2226:is usually perceived as an ancestor of the jinn.
1983:There is an extensive debate among the exegetes (
807:The traditional biography of the Islamic prophet
4564:
3943:– İyeler ve Demonoloji Ötüken Neşriyat A.Ş 2016
3564:
3562:
3092:
3090:
892:
3870:Islam, Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn
3855:Islam, Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn
3840:Islam, Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn
3590:The Process of Creation: A Qur'anic Perspective
3023:
2423:According to Islamic mythology, God instructed
4401:Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought
4289:"Bridging Cultures Bookshelf: Muslim Journeys"
3112:
2791:
2372:Islamic scholars knew the world was not flat.
2158:Some of the angels mentioned in the Quran are
3702:
3700:
3646:
3644:
3559:
3087:
2797:
2712:. Oxford University Press. pp. 207–211.
2703:
2259:are usually two powerful classes of shaitan.
1891:
834:
655:
3538:. Fixot / Seghers; 6th edition. p. 272.
2309:
979:
889:fables, which it recognizes as fictitious).
4110:
4078:
3401:Springer Science & Business Media 2013
2941:The A to Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism
2353:is one of the lowest layers of hell, while
1083:
857:is a type of mythology that deals with the
3697:
3641:
3621:
3178:
2610:attempted to break the connection between
1898:
1884:
1061:: Found especially among scholars such as
662:
648:
4254:
4069:, THREE, Brill 2010, without page numbers
3901:Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2015
3710:Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2015
3345:The Qur'an and Its Interpreters, Volume 1
3282:The Qur'an and Its Interpreters, Volume 1
2825:
2823:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
872:
724:Learn how and when to remove this message
4213:
3872:. Syracuse University Press. p. 19.
3533:
3117:. Dar al-Kitab. p. 1288, note 4470.
2806:. Oxford University Press. p. vii.
2313:
2241:(Shayatin), created from smoke or fire (
2178:, who bestowed revelations to prophets,
2123:
2107:
2069:Adam walked in heaven, he once read the
747:
735:
704:Relevant discussion may be found on the
4142:"Kaaba - Oxford Islamic Studies Online"
4043:Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions
3887:. Oxford University Press. p. 192.
3885:The Oxford companion to world mythology
3882:
3867:
3852:
3842:. Syracuse University Press. p. 1.
3837:
3631:Edinburgh University Press, 11.03.2014
3365:Lalljee, compiled by Yousuf N. (1981).
3364:
2829:
2804:The Oxford Companion to World Mythology
2787:. Oxford University Press. p. 125.
2785:The Oxford Companion to World Mythology
2782:
2767:The Oxford Companion to World Mythology
2764:
2710:The Oxford Companion to World Mythology
2085:version, the inscription also mentions
2016:) (Q. 7:189), but the meaning of from (
784:The Oxford Companion to World Mythology
4565:
4348:"Hajj - Oxford Islamic Studies Online"
3816:Beatrice Gruendler, Michael Cooperson
2820:
2769:. Oxford University Press. p. 82.
2684:
2112:Islamic drawing of an angel blowing a
2092:
1914:(viceregent) on earth. The meaning of
4317:
4315:
4313:
4136:
4134:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3586:
3534:Bucaille, Maurice (1 December 1983).
3498:
3492:
3138:
3136:
2964:Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH, 31.12.2015
2922:Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH, 31.12.2015
2555:leaving Egypt, whereupon God reveals
3548:
2939:Scott B. Noegel, Brannon M. Wheeler
2778:
2776:
2572:
2427:to construct a building (called the
794:, which Islam shares with the other
673:
4009:Locating Hell in Islamic Traditions
3996:Locating Hell in Islamic Traditions
3797:Encyclopaedia of the Qurʼān: vol. 3
3729:Encyclopaedia of the Qurʼān: vol. 5
3326:Univ of North Carolina Press, 1975
16:Body of myths associated with Islam
13:
4310:
4236:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1980.tb00176.x
4131:
3762:
3629:Medieval Islamic Political Thought
3133:
2526:- a six-stages creative act by God
14:
4584:
4546:
4248:
4045:Cambridge University Press, 2015
3115:The Meaning of the Glorious Quran
2773:
2216:before the establishment of Islam
1991:) and created from it, its mate (
1075:: Maintained by scholars such as
1073:Creation out of primordial matter
4551:
4499:
3552:The Message of the Qur’ān ,ebook
974:
678:
629:
38:
4523:Myth: A Very Short Introduction
4427:
4414:
4393:
4369:
4340:
4281:
4263:
4242:
4207:
4183:
4167:
4104:
4072:
4035:
4024:Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2006
4014:
4001:
3988:
3967:
3954:
3933:
3922:Columbia University Press 2012
3912:
3891:
3876:
3861:
3846:
3831:
3810:
3789:
3777:"Islam » Duties of Angels"
3750:"Islam » Nature of Angels"
3742:
3721:
3684:
3674:
3661:
3600:
3580:
3571:
3542:
3527:
3483:
3462:
3445:
3433:
3412:
3391:
3358:
3337:
3316:
3295:
3274:
3250:
3237:
3224:
3211:
3187:
3160:
3121:
3106:
3075:
3063:
3051:
3039:
2999:
2975:
2954:
2933:
2912:
2900:
2888:
2660:
2577:Beginning as a reaction to the
899:Biblical and Quranic narratives
4463:
4377:"qibla | Art History Glossary"
4191:"Black Stone of Mecca | Islam"
3096:
3029:
2876:
2859:
2846:
2758:
2726:
951:. Many of them were stored in
1:
4011:BRILL 978-90-04-30121-4 p. 14
3998:BRILL 978-90-04-30121-4 p. 12
3470:The Bible in Slavic Tradition
3422:Oxford University Press 1999
2678:
893:Biblical stories in the Quran
752:Mi'raj by Sultan Muhammad in
4352:www.oxfordislamicstudies.com
4146:www.oxfordislamicstudies.com
3555:. Gibraltar: Dar al-Andalus.
3324:Mystical Dimensions of Islam
3243:Husam Muhi Eldin al- Alousi
3230:Husam Muhi Eldin al- Alousi
3217:Husam Muhi Eldin al- Alousi
2581:in Europe and the threat of
2415:
7:
4403:Cambridge University Press
4323:"Important Sites: The Kaba"
3536:the bible Quran and science
2626:
2210:
1038:
213:("Stories of the Prophets")
10:
4589:
4447:
2871:The Sacred and the Profane
2035:Hud b. Muhakkam al-Hawwari
986:Genesis creation narrative
983:
896:
876:
835:Types of Islamic mythology
2517:
2482:with "pagan idols". When
2407:The 11th-century scholar
2310:Structure of the universe
2135:
980:The creation of the world
4293:bridgingcultures.neh.gov
3511:10.1017/CBO9781139649759
2653:
2229:
1084:The creation of humanity
963:, Islam further adapted
861:, the end of the world,
302:Medieval Islamic science
4195:Encyclopedia Britannica
3883:Leeming, David (2005).
3868:El-Zein, Amira (2009).
3853:El-Zein, Amira (2009).
3838:El-Zein, Amira (2009).
3549:Asad, Muhammad (1980).
2783:Leeming, David (2005).
2765:Leeming, David (2005).
2746:Encyclopedia Britannica
2461:. Jibrail gave him the
2202:mixture of fire and air
2192:
2077:, who attributes it to
2033:Another early exegete,
4525:. NY: Oxford UP, 2004.
4092:Cite journal requires
4067:Encyclopaedia of Islam
3899:Dämonenglaube im Islam
3795:Jane Dammen McAuliffe
3727:Jane Dammen McAuliffe
3708:Dämonenglaube im Islam
3144:"Islam Creation Story"
2798:David Leeming (2005).
2704:David Leeming (2005).
2648:Religion and mythology
2602:Many adherents of the
2319:
2143:, created from light (
2132:
2121:
1860:Religion and mythology
879:Religion and mythology
873:Religion and mythology
756:
745:
312:Succession to Muhammad
4560:at Wikimedia Commons
4540:Folk Tales From Korea
4503:Why I Am Not a Muslim
4464:Dashti, `Ali (1994).
3606:Amira El-Zein Islam,
3587:Ahmed, Israr (2013).
3499:Bauer, Karen (2015).
2943:Scarecrow Press 2010
2378:Hellenistic astronomy
2317:
2127:
2111:
1823:Comparative mythology
1123:Aboriginal Australian
751:
739:
691:synthesis of material
4533:The Religions of Man
4420:Quintan Wiktorowicz
4111:M. J. Akbar (2002).
3181:Why I'm Not a Muslim
3113:Abdullah Yusuf Ali.
2832:Science & Spirit
2579:Age of Enlightenment
2561:biblical Mount Sinai
2490:. The inside of the
2097:In the Quran, fire (
1828:Comparative religion
1790:Legendary progenitor
1268:Continental Germanic
992:As-Samāwāt Wa Al-Ard
351:Association football
4500:Ibn Warraq (1995).
4422:Quintan Wiktorowicz
4228:1980Metic..15...87T
4152:on December 9, 2016
3918:Frederick M. Smith
3322:Annemarie Schimmel
3305:A&C Black 2002
3196:, The Clear Quran:
3194:Dr. Mustafa Khattab
3179:Ibn Warraq (1995).
2706:"Islamic Mythology"
2633:Christian mythology
2583:Western colonialism
2465:. According to the
2336:Zakariya al-Qazwini
2093:Spiritual creatures
2063:Christian mythology
2024:Muqatil b. Sulayman
1577:Proto-Indo-European
937:Biblical narratives
796:Abrahamic religions
792:vision of afterlife
112:Profession of Faith
85:Day of Resurrection
4509:. Prometheus Books
4358:on October 1, 2015
3690:M.J. Kister Adam:
3263:BRILL, 09.06.2016
2738:Smith, Jonathan Z.
2604:Muslim Brotherhood
2543:Noah's (Nuh's) Ark
2367:the tree of heaven
2320:
2133:
2129:Persian literature
2122:
2116:trumpet, probably
1778:Legendary creature
1494:Pacific Northwest
1000:Abdullah Yusuf Ali
757:
754:Persian literature
746:
701:to the main topic.
695:verifiably mention
689:possibly contains
4573:Islamic mythology
4558:Islamic mythology
4556:Media related to
4521:Robert A. Segal.
4480:on April 25, 2015
4439:978-1-136-50473-0
4381:blog.stephens.edu
4175:Jamiʽ al-Tirmidhi
4051:978-0-521-50637-3
3962:Islamic Cosmology
3928:978-0-231-51065-3
3907:978-3-110-33168-4
3716:978-3-110-33168-4
3667:Macdonald, John.
3656:978-1-135-98394-9
3577:Bauer, p. 117-124
3457:978-1-461-71895-6
3384:978-0-940368-02-6
3347:SUNY Press, 1984
3284:SUNY Press, 1984
2949:978-1-461-71895-6
2573:In Salafi thought
2532:- expulsion from
2374:Islamic astronomy
2324:Classical Islamic
2220:Day of Judgement.
2200:, created from a
2168:Munkar and Nakeer
2039:al-Hasan al-Basri
1949:Al-Insān al-Kāmil
1908:
1907:
1049:Ex-nihilo in time
1036:According to the
845:story of creation
760:Islamic mythology
734:
733:
726:
672:
671:
4580:
4555:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4508:
4494:Myth and Reality
4489:
4487:
4485:
4479:
4473:. Archived from
4472:
4458:Available online
4442:
4431:
4425:
4418:
4412:
4399:Daniel W. Brown
4397:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4354:. Archived from
4344:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4319:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4295:. Archived from
4285:
4279:
4278:
4273:. Archived from
4267:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4187:
4181:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4148:. Archived from
4138:
4129:
4128:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4095:
4090:
4088:
4080:
4076:
4070:
4063:
4054:
4041:Christian Lange
4039:
4033:
4018:
4012:
4007:Christian Lange
4005:
3999:
3994:Christian Lange
3992:
3986:
3971:
3965:
3960:Anton M. Heinen
3958:
3952:
3937:
3931:
3916:
3910:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3835:
3829:
3814:
3808:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3773:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3746:
3740:
3725:
3719:
3704:
3695:
3688:
3682:
3678:
3672:
3665:
3659:
3648:
3639:
3625:
3619:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3584:
3578:
3575:
3569:
3566:
3557:
3556:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3496:
3490:
3487:
3481:
3466:
3460:
3449:
3443:
3437:
3431:
3416:
3410:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3372:
3362:
3356:
3341:
3335:
3320:
3314:
3301:Brannon Wheeler
3299:
3293:
3278:
3272:
3254:
3248:
3241:
3235:
3228:
3222:
3215:
3209:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3140:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3110:
3104:
3094:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3027:
3021:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2979:
2973:
2958:
2952:
2937:
2931:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2867:Myth and Reality
2863:
2857:
2854:Myth and Reality
2850:
2844:
2843:
2827:
2818:
2817:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2780:
2771:
2770:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2701:
2672:
2664:
2643:Jewish mythology
2587:Salafi reformism
2402:geocentric model
2213:
1961:Tree of Eternity
1945:God's attributes
1900:
1893:
1886:
1855:Pseudo-mythology
1767:Related concepts
1088:
1087:
1043:
1007:Sūrah al-Anbiyāʼ
957:Quranic exegesis
859:day of judgement
766:associated with
729:
722:
718:
715:
709:
682:
681:
674:
664:
657:
650:
636:Islam portal
634:
633:
632:
42:
19:
18:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4563:
4562:
4549:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4492:Mircea Eliade.
4483:
4481:
4477:
4470:
4450:
4445:
4432:
4428:
4419:
4415:
4398:
4394:
4385:
4383:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4361:
4359:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4332:
4330:
4321:
4320:
4311:
4302:
4300:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4256:10.1.1.1017.315
4247:
4243:
4212:
4208:
4199:
4197:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4172:
4168:
4155:
4153:
4140:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4109:
4105:
4093:
4091:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4064:
4057:
4040:
4036:
4019:
4015:
4006:
4002:
3993:
3989:
3973:M. Th. Houtsma
3972:
3968:
3959:
3955:
3938:
3934:
3917:
3913:
3897:Tobias Nünlist
3896:
3892:
3881:
3877:
3866:
3862:
3851:
3847:
3836:
3832:
3815:
3811:
3794:
3790:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3763:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3726:
3722:
3706:Tobias Nünlist
3705:
3698:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3675:
3666:
3662:
3649:
3642:
3627:Patricia Crone
3626:
3622:
3605:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3560:
3547:
3543:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3467:
3463:
3450:
3446:
3438:
3434:
3417:
3413:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3369:Know your Islam
3363:
3359:
3342:
3338:
3321:
3317:
3300:
3296:
3279:
3275:
3255:
3251:
3242:
3238:
3229:
3225:
3216:
3212:
3192:
3188:
3177:
3173:
3165:
3161:
3152:
3150:
3142:
3141:
3134:
3126:
3122:
3111:
3107:
3095:
3088:
3080:
3076:
3068:
3064:
3056:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3028:
3024:
3004:
3000:
2991:
2989:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2959:
2955:
2938:
2934:
2917:
2913:
2905:
2901:
2893:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2864:
2860:
2856:, 1968, p. 162.
2851:
2847:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2796:
2792:
2781:
2774:
2763:
2759:
2750:
2748:
2731:
2727:
2720:
2702:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2629:
2620:Sulaiman Ashqar
2575:
2520:
2421:
2312:
2280:Yajuj and Majuj
2232:
2211:marigin min nar
2195:
2138:
2095:
2012:) and for man (
1904:
1875:
1874:
1850:Lower mythology
1818:
1810:
1809:
1768:
1760:
1759:
1695:
1687:
1686:
1662:
1654:
1653:
1504:Plains Indians
1395:Native American
1103:
1086:
988:
982:
977:
961:canonical Bible
953:Qisas Al-Anbiya
901:
895:
881:
875:
837:
825:Isra and Mi'raj
762:is the body of
730:
719:
713:
710:
703:
693:which does not
683:
679:
668:
630:
628:
621:
620:
565:Other religions
560:Arabic language
522:
512:
511:
440:Moral teachings
331:
317:
316:
307:Spread of Islam
252:
242:
241:
229:(jurisprudence)
211:Qisas al-Anbiya
160:
159:
139:
138:
107:
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52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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4547:External links
4545:
4544:
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4490:
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4454:The Holy Quran
4449:
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4426:
4413:
4392:
4368:
4339:
4309:
4280:
4277:on 2009-02-01.
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4094:|journal=
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3909:p. 49 (German)
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3718:p. 47 (German)
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3390:
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3343:Mahmoud Ayoub
3336:
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3294:
3280:Mahmoud Ayoub
3273:
3257:Patricia Crone
3249:
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2972:p. 98 (German)
2953:
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2930:p. 30 (German)
2911:
2899:
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2869:, p. 1, 8-10;
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2734:Bolle, Kees W.
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2516:
2508:'s direction (
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2206:smokeless fire
2194:
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2153:specialization
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1957:Garden of Eden
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949:Zoroastrianism
897:Main article:
894:
891:
877:Main article:
874:
871:
836:
833:
829:Seventh Heaven
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520:Related topics
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502:Social welfare
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92:Predestination
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73:Revealed Books
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4299:on 2018-10-10
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4117:. p. 5.
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3568:Bauer, p. 112
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2001:nafsin wahida
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1498:Kwakwakaʼwakw
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975:Creation myth
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788:creation myth
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687:This article
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475:Proselytizing
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383:Denominations
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25:
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20:
4550:
4539:
4532:
4529:Huston Smith
4522:
4511:. Retrieved
4502:
4493:
4482:. Retrieved
4475:the original
4466:
4453:
4429:
4421:
4416:
4400:
4395:
4384:. Retrieved
4380:
4371:
4360:. Retrieved
4356:the original
4351:
4342:
4331:. Retrieved
4329:. 2012-02-14
4327:Inside Islam
4326:
4301:. Retrieved
4297:the original
4292:
4283:
4275:the original
4265:
4244:
4222:(1): 87–91.
4219:
4215:
4209:
4198:. Retrieved
4194:
4185:
4173:
4169:
4160:
4154:. Retrieved
4150:the original
4145:
4113:
4106:
4085:cite journal
4074:
4066:
4053:pp. 125, 132
4042:
4037:
4021:
4016:
4008:
4003:
3995:
3990:
3977:BRILL, 1993
3974:
3969:
3961:
3956:
3940:
3935:
3919:
3914:
3898:
3893:
3884:
3878:
3869:
3863:
3854:
3848:
3839:
3833:
3820:BRILL, 2008
3817:
3812:
3799:Brill, 2005
3796:
3791:
3780:. Retrieved
3753:. Retrieved
3744:
3731:Brill, 2005
3728:
3723:
3707:
3691:
3686:
3676:
3668:
3663:
3628:
3623:
3607:
3602:
3589:
3582:
3573:
3551:
3544:
3535:
3529:
3501:
3494:
3485:
3469:
3464:
3447:
3435:
3419:
3418:Amina Wadud
3414:
3398:
3393:
3368:
3360:
3344:
3339:
3323:
3318:
3302:
3297:
3281:
3276:
3260:
3252:
3244:
3239:
3231:
3226:
3218:
3213:
3189:
3180:
3174:
3162:
3151:. Retrieved
3148:www2.nau.edu
3147:
3123:
3114:
3108:
3098:
3077:
3065:
3053:
3041:
3031:
3025:
3001:
2990:. Retrieved
2987:BBC Bitesize
2986:
2977:
2961:
2960:Isabel Lang
2956:
2940:
2935:
2919:
2918:Isabel Lang
2914:
2902:
2890:
2878:
2870:
2866:
2861:
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2848:
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2831:
2803:
2793:
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2760:
2749:. Retrieved
2728:
2709:
2662:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2576:
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2422:
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2406:
2395:
2385:
2371:
2348:
2321:
2261:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2186:
2157:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2070:
2067:
2050:
2048:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1971:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1940:
1922:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1800:Culture hero
1644:West African
1582:Proto-Uralic
1424:Californian
1380:Mesopotamian
1077:Ibn Taimiyya
1072:
1058:
1048:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1004:
991:
989:
945:Christianity
941:Isra'iliyyat
911:), Abraham (
902:
885:
882:
853:
838:
817:Christianity
806:
799:
783:
759:
758:
742:Siyer-i Nebi
720:
711:
688:
592:Islamophobia
371:Demographics
366:Circumcision
282:
275:
268:
234:
226:
210:
202:
194:
183:
177:
171:
164:
4216:Meteoritics
3610:Press 2009
3472:BRILL 2016
2608:Sayyid Qutb
2551:- Story of
2530:Fall of man
2463:Black Stone
2147:) or fire (
2044:Israr Ahmed
2005:Karen Bauer
1399:Algonquian
1385:Micronesian
1278:Anglo-Saxon
1101:Mythologies
915:), Joseph (
855:Eschatology
780:Islamic law
714:August 2023
607:Laws of war
270:Ahl al-Bayt
155:Foundations
4386:2018-09-15
4362:2018-09-15
4333:2018-09-15
4303:2018-09-15
4200:2018-09-15
4156:2018-09-15
3782:2024-04-28
3755:2024-04-28
3618:page 98-99
3153:2018-09-15
2992:2024-04-28
2751:2023-04-30
2679:References
2559:to him on
2549:The Exodus
2075:Al-Bayhaqi
1985:muffasirun
1974:Archangels
1833:Euhemerism
1639:Vietnamese
1572:Polynesian
1567:Philippine
1545:Talamancan
1375:Melanesian
1345:Lusitanian
1315:Indonesian
1176:Cantabrian
1141:Lithuanian
1023:sitta ayam
996:Ali Dashti
984:See also:
971:writings.
965:Apocryphal
460:Philosophy
197:(exegesis)
134:Pilgrimage
124:Almsgiving
4251:CiteSeerX
4032:pp. 20-22
3951:(Turkish)
3409:pp. 34-35
3097:Dashti ,
3036:: p.162-3
3030:Dashti ,
2800:"Preface"
2669:Ibn Ishaq
2459:(Gabriel)
2445:(Ishmael)
2438:(Abraham)
2382:Aristotle
2363:zabaniyya
2344:Leviathan
2328:Mount Qaf
2059:afterlife
1923:Successor
1865:Symbolism
1805:Folk hero
1705:Creatures
1700:Creations
1524:Puebloan
1408:Blackfoot
1310:Hungarian
1161:Brazilian
1092:Mythology
1063:Al-Farabi
1059:Emanation
1040:mufassirs
969:Midrashic
849:afterlife
841:Cosmogony
706:talk page
580:terrorism
532:Criticism
485:Sexuality
455:Mysticism
425:Festivals
405:Education
400:Economics
336:Academics
292:Caliphate
105:Practices
4567:Category
4513:25 April
4484:10 April
4441:p. 13-14
3930:page 570
3129:21:31-33
3099:23 Years
3032:23 Years
3013:, Quran
3009:, Quran
2951:page 158
2908:19:16-33
2896:14:35-53
2865:Eliade,
2852:Eliade,
2627:See also
2616:Surah 18
2524:Creation
2484:Muhammad
2409:Ibn Hazm
2397:Almagest
2387:De caelo
2340:Behemoth
2306:origin.
2055:Paradise
1916:Khalifa
1870:Theology
1838:Folklore
1817:See also
1677:National
1667:Creation
1592:Romanian
1552:Ossetian
1540:Selk'nam
1508:Ho-Chunk
1480:Iroquois
1355:Malagasy
1325:Japanese
1263:Frankish
1258:Germanic
1253:Georgian
1238:Etruscan
1233:Estonian
1223:Egyptian
1201:Scottish
1166:Buddhist
1145:Prussian
1118:Armenian
1108:Albanian
1067:Ibn Sina
1029:(plural
1009:, verse
823:and the
809:Muhammad
770:and the
616:Glossary
602:Jihadism
575:Violence
570:Islamism
541:Muhammad
527:Apostasy
470:Politics
420:Feminism
415:Exorcism
376:Diaspora
361:Children
356:Calendar
284:Rashidun
262:Muhammad
257:Timeline
218:Mathnawi
80:Prophets
24:a series
22:Part of
4448:Sources
4224:Bibcode
3658:page 13
3459:page 13
3313:Page 16
3103:: p.163
3017:,Quran
2873:, p. 95
2841:culture
2566:Qiyamah
2496:Muslims
2456:Jibrail
2435:Ibrahim
2392:Ptolemy
2355:Illiyin
2296:Arabian
2288:Persian
2268:Ghaddar
2239:Shaitan
2180:Israfel
2164:Mika'el
2160:Jibreel
2118:Israfel
2081:. In a
2071:Shahada
1997:zawjaha
1993:zawjaha
1912:khalifa
1755:Sources
1740:Objects
1728:Culture
1724:Heroes
1710:Deities
1629:Tibetan
1562:Persian
1460:Guarani
1450:Choctaw
1445:Chilote
1403:Abenaki
1340:Lugbara
1320:Italian
1305:Hittite
1295:Guanche
1243:Finnish
1228:English
1213:Chinese
1191:Cornish
1171:Catalan
1137:Latvian
1113:Arabian
913:Ibrahim
813:Judaism
497:Slavery
480:Science
435:Madrasa
430:Finance
341:Animals
329:society
325:Culture
297:Imamate
277:Sahabah
250:History
220:(Poems)
205:(creed)
129:Fasting
57:Oneness
50:Beliefs
4437:
4407:
4271:"Cmje"
4253:
4121:
4049:
4028:
3985:p. 615
3981:
3947:
3926:
3905:
3828:p. 104
3824:
3803:
3739:p. 118
3735:
3714:
3654:
3635:
3614:
3517:
3480:p. 351
3476:
3455:
3439:Quran
3426:
3405:
3381:
3351:
3334:p. 188
3330:
3309:
3288:
3271:p. 200
3267:
3166:Quran
3127:Quran
3101:, 1994
3081:Quran
3069:Quran
3057:Quran
3045:Quran
3034:, 1994
3005:Quran
2968:
2947:
2926:
2906:Quran
2894:Quran
2882:Quran
2810:
2742:"myth"
2716:
2597:sunnah
2557:Tawrat
2539:Deluge
2534:Heaven
2518:Events
2468:hadith
2452:(Noah)
2442:Ismail
2390:) and
2359:Zaqqum
2351:Sijjin
2332:Suyuti
2304:Turkic
2298:- and
2276:Houris
2184:Mikail
2176:Jibril
2172:Ridwan
2141:Angels
2136:Angels
1978:Azrael
1941:Deputy
1750:Places
1720:Floods
1682:Origin
1649:Yoruba
1634:Turkic
1612:Talysh
1607:Somali
1602:Slavic
1557:Papuan
1518:Pawnee
1513:Lakota
1490:Muisca
1433:Ohlone
1413:Lenape
1390:Mongol
1370:Meitei
1350:Maasai
1335:Korean
1283:Gothic
1248:French
1186:Breton
1181:Celtic
1151:Basque
1133:Baltic
1128:Berber
927:) and
925:Maryam
886:mythos
865:, and
863:heaven
790:and a
699:relate
551:Hadith
465:Poetry
445:Mosque
410:Ethics
235:Sharia
203:Aqidah
195:Tafsir
179:Hadith
173:Sunnah
117:Prayer
68:Angels
4507:(PDF)
4478:(PDF)
4471:(PDF)
4411:p. 65
3807:p. 48
3594:(PDF)
3355:p. 79
3292:p. 73
3202:22:47
3083:41:11
3071:41:10
3019:50:37
2838:(1).
2654:Notes
2612:Khidr
2592:ummah
2553:Moses
2511:qibla
2506:Kaaba
2492:Kaaba
2488:Kaaba
2480:Kaaba
2476:Kaaba
2430:Kaaba
2418:Kaaba
2292:Ghoul
2264:Buraq
2257:Marid
2253:Ifrit
2249:Iblis
2244:Samūm
2230:Iblīs
2114:nafir
1935:Iblis
1843:Epics
1795:Twins
1773:Deity
1745:Pairs
1694:Lists
1672:Flood
1661:Types
1587:Roman
1475:Inuit
1465:Haida
1455:Creek
1440:Chaná
1428:Miwok
1420:Aztec
1365:Mbuti
1360:Māori
1330:Kongo
1300:Hindu
1290:Greek
1273:Norse
1206:Welsh
1196:Irish
1156:Bantu
1019:orbit
1011:21:30
929:Jesus
917:Yūsuf
905:Quran
821:Quran
801:Kaaba
776:myths
772:Quran
768:Islam
764:myths
597:Jihad
546:Quran
507:Women
450:Music
388:Sunni
237:(law)
185:Sirah
166:Quran
150:Texts
32:Islam
4515:2019
4486:2019
4435:ISBN
4405:ISBN
4119:ISBN
4098:help
4047:ISBN
4026:ISBN
3979:ISBN
3945:ISBN
3924:ISBN
3903:ISBN
3822:ISBN
3801:ISBN
3733:ISBN
3712:ISBN
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3633:ISBN
3612:ISBN
3515:ISBN
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3453:ISBN
3441:2:37
3430:p.25
3424:ISBN
3403:ISBN
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3349:ISBN
3328:ISBN
3307:ISBN
3286:ISBN
3265:ISBN
3206:70:4
3198:7:54
3168:7:54
3059:41:9
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3015:11:9
3011:7:52
3007:10:3
2966:ISBN
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2924:ISBN
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2808:ISBN
2714:ISBN
2541:and
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2474:The
2440:and
2425:Adam
2416:The
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2278:and
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2255:and
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2193:Jinn
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2028:hayy
2014:lahu
1966:good
1931:jinn
1927:Adam
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1733:Folk
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1597:Sámi
1533:Zuni
1528:Hopi
1485:Maya
1470:Inca
1218:Efik
1065:and
1031:ayam
1027:youm
967:and
921:Mary
909:Musa
903:The
867:hell
815:and
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2010:min
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