International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)

940:, said in November 2012: "The trials against (...) the alleged war criminals are deeply problematic, riddled with questions about the independence and impartiality of the judges and fairness of the process. In its November 2012 report, Human Rights Watch found that "glaring violations of fair trial standards" became apparent during 2012 but noted that changes were made in June 2012 which improved the process. Adams said, "If the Bangladeshi government wants these trials to be taken seriously it must ensure that the rights of the accused are fully respected. That means making sure that lawyers and witnesses don't face threats or coercion. 2171:, Meeting on Bangladesh:" Exchange of Views on War Crimes Trials and on Accountability Issues," 31 January 2012. Quote: The law provided "the substantive law, definition of crimes, procedures to follow, provisions of evidence, constitution of the Tribunal, obligation of the Judges to be independent and to ensure fair trial standards, including the rights of the accused, rules to monitor investigations and interrogations, supervising arrest and viability of continued detention, rules to protect the witnesses and victims, rules regarding appeal after conviction, and the rule making authority of the judges, etc." 31: 475:, the Minister of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, announced that the trials would be organised under the International Crimes (Tribunal) Act 1973. This act authorises prosecution only of persons living within Bangladesh who were members of the armed forces, including paramilitary groups. The act was amended in 2009 to update it, and the International Crimes Tribunal Rules of Procedure and Evidence were put in place by 2010. Some critics maintain that further amendments are needed to bring the act up to the standards of international law. 4167: 4149: 768:. He was sentenced to death by hanging. His defence lawyer had earlier complained that a witness who was supposed to testify for him was abducted from the gates of the courthouse on 5 November 2012, reportedly by police, and has not been heard from since. The government did not seem to take the issue seriously after the prosecution denied there was a problem. By afternoon on the day of the protest, violence had erupted across 1038:, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, said the trials would continue regardless of this incident and Huq's resignation. Fazle Kabir was appointed as chair of the ICT. Brad Adams of Human Rights Watch expressed concern that, because of changes among all the judges in the course of the trial, none of the three judges in Sayeedi's case would have heard the entirety of the testimony before reaching a verdict. 1151:, the United States Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues, said that the "US government will help Bangladesh hold an open and transparent war crimes trial with the rights of defense for the accused." Kristine A. Huskey, writing for the NGO Crimes of War, said Rapp gave a ten-page letter to the prosecution which included recommendations and various concerns. 956:

find him and for its lack of adequate response to allegations criticising the tribunal. The attorney general rejected the abduction claim as a fabrication by the defence to bring the tribunal into disrepute. In May 2013, Bali was found in an Indian prison, and he alleged state abduction and that officials told him that both he and Sayeedi would be killed.

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and criminal attorney, has been part of the defence team for Delwar Hossain Sayeedi. He had earlier criticised the authorising legislation and 2009 amendments, saying: "The current system of war crimes trial and its law in Bangladesh does not include international concerns, required to ensure a fair,

944:, an international law expert who is an advisor to the Jamaat leaders has been highly critical of the ICT, saying of the international community, "Expressing concern will not be enough. The international community should take quick action to stop the injustice being committed against Jamaat leaders," 530:

On 25 March 2010, the government announced the formation of the following: a three-member judges' tribunal, a seven-member investigation agency, and a twelve-member prosecution team to hold the trials according to the ICT Act of 1973. This landmark announcement was made on the 39th anniversary of the

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has strongly criticized the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh. And said that the tribunal is not fully following international standards. Amnesty International also says there have been many flaws in the trial from the beginning, some of which have been corrected, but many problems remain,

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started on 5 February 2013 in Dhaka, with demonstrators calling for the death penalty for Mollah and any others convicted of war crimes. Tens of thousands of people filled the Shahbag intersection, with more coming in the days following. The protest spread to other parts of the country, with sit-ins

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said of the verdict, "The British government supports the efforts of Bangladesh to bring to justice those responsible for committing atrocities during the 1971 War, although we remain strongly opposed to the application of the death penalty in all circumstances." The French Ambassador to Bangladesh,

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case. The defence said he was due to give additional evidence in their favour on 5 November 2012. That day Bali was stopped before entering the courthouse by several police officers; witnesses said he was taken away in a white police van. HRW criticised the Bangladeshi government for not working to

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On 25 March 2009 the government voted to try the war criminals according to the ICT Act of 1973 but planned amendments to bring the law up to date and in keeping with international standards for similar trials. As a part of the amendment procedure, the government sent the act to the Law Commission,

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However, since the beginning of the trials several human rights organisations and international legal figures have raised objections to the court proceedings. Human Rights Watch, which initially supported the establishment of the tribunal, have criticised it for issues of fairness and transparency,

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said in response, "We did not solicit the material, nor pay for it, nor commit ourselves to publish it". After the leaked communication was published in a local daily, Huq resigned from the tribunal. He had been revealed to have had "prohibited contact" with the "prosecution, government officials,

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after having fled the country; the police believe he is in Pakistan. In January 2013 Azad was the first suspect to be convicted in the trials; he was found guilty of seven of eight charges and sentenced to death by hanging. Azad's defence lawyer, a prominent Supreme Court lawyer appointed by the

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The former freedom fighters and sector commanders of the liberation war pleaded with citizens against voting for the alleged war criminals. The fourteen-party alliance won the election on 29 December 2008, with an overwhelming majority, a "historic landslide". This was thought to be due to their

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offered assistance in 2009 on the tribunal's formation. In 2009, the parliament amended the 1973 act that authorised such a tribunal to update it. The first indictments were issued in 2010. However, the main perpetrators of the war crimes, the Pakistan soldiers, remained out of the reach of the

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has passed three resolutions supporting the trials, though in at least one, it expressed its "strong opposition against the use of the death penalty in all cases and under any circumstances and its call on the Bangladesh authorities to commute all death sentences and introduce a moratorium on

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welcomed the trials and said she expected them to adhere to international standards. Mizanur Rahman, chair of the National Human Rights Commission, has said the trials do adhere to international law as the "national standards are in compliance with international standards". Sam Zarifi of the

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supports bringing to justice those who commit such crimes. However, we believe that any such trials must be free, fair, and transparent, and in accordance with domestic standards and international standards Bangladesh has agreed to uphold through its ratification of international agreements,

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calls showed that Ziauddin was playing an important part in the proceedings, although he had no legal standing. The WSJ also said that the communications suggested that the Bangladeshi government was trying to secure a quick verdict, as Huq referred to pressure from a government official.

1209:. Shafique Ahmed has responded, "It is not right to think that the accused are being detained without any reason. There are no violations of human rights in the ongoing trial of crimes against humanity, and questions of human rights violation are being raised simply to create confusion." 522:

The amendments provided that a political party that had worked against the liberation of Bangladesh could be tried on the same charges as individuals. They also authorised the government to file appeals with the Appellate Division if the tribunal ruled for acquittal for a suspect. The

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was found guilty by the ICT on five counts. Incitement, conspiracy, planning, abetment and failure to prevent murder. He was sentenced on 15 July 2013 to 90 years imprisonment. The tribunal spared Azam from execution due to his old age. He died of a stroke on 23 October 2014 at

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was named as Chief Prosecutor. The others are A.K.M. Saiful Islam, Syed Rezaur Rahman, Golam Hasnayen, Rana Das Gupta, Zahirul Huq, Nurul Islam Sujan, Syed Haider Ali, Khandaker Abdul Mannan, Mosharraf Hossain Kajal, Zead Al-Malum, Sanjida Khanom, and Sultan Mahmud Semon.

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In 1973 the newly independent government of Bangladesh passed a law, the International Crimes (Tribunals) Act (ICT Act 1973), to authorise the investigation and prosecution of the persons responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other crimes under

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being born. Estimates of persons killed during the conflict range to three million. An estimated ten million refugees entered India, a situation which contributed to its government's decision to intervene militarily in the civil war. Thirty million people were displaced.

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A conservative Muslim society has preferred to throw a veil of negligence and denial on the issue, allowed those who committed or colluded with gender violence to thrive, and left the women victims to struggle in anonymity and shame and without much state or community

459:; the Pakistan Army and collaborators targeted mass people, intellectuals and members of the political opposition for attacks. Historians have estimated that, during the conflict, between two hundred thousand and four hundred thousand women and children were 427:

Annual public opinion polls regularly rank the war-crimes trials ranked among the top three "positive steps that the government has taken", though the issue is not considered among the top ten most pressing issues facing the country. Polling in 2013 by

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Human Rights Watch and the International Bar Association are just two of a number of bodies that have formally criticised the ICT for being incompatible with international standards on matters of transparency and fairness, and for not following due

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as well as reported harassment of lawyers and witnesses representing the accused. Bianca Karim and Tirza Theunissen have written that the international community have voiced concerns that the trial will not be transparent or impartial.

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and war crimes. He was accused of shooting 344 people and the rape of an 11-year-old girl. In protest of the trials which it said were politically motivated, Jamaat members called a general strike in Dhaka that erupted in violence.

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in November 2010 from the US State Department said, "There is little doubt that hard-line elements within the ruling party Awami League believe that the time is right to crush Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami and other Islamic parties."

1086:, the student wing of Jamaat, led huge protests against the trials beginning with a general strike on 4 December 2012; they were attacked by police whenever they want to come down the streets to protest. In one incident in 796:

was indicted on 7 June 2012 on 7 counts of crimes against humanity. On 9 May 2013 he was convicted and given the death penalty on five counts of mass killings, rape, torture and kidnapping. He was hanged on 11 April 2015.

1090:, police shot open fire, which resulted in three Shibir workers being injured. In this reaction, Numerous vehicles, including one of the US embassy in Dhaka, were torched and vandalised. In one incident, police fired 751:

Quader Molla was executed on 12 December 2013 at 22:01 in a Dhaka jail, the first person to be put to death for events in 1971. The JEI called it a "political killing." He was later buried in his village of Faridpur.

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The ICT initially received some offers of international assistance. In 2009, the UN offered its expertise, expressing an interest in helping Bangladesh avoid the problems other countries faced in similar trials. The

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at the activists. One Jamaat-e-Islami activist was killed and scores were injured when police used live ammunition against the protesters during clashes in December 2012. The activists were demanding the release of

439:, Assistant Secretary General of Jamaat, was the first person sentenced to death by the ICT who was not convicted in absentia. Initially, Molla was sentenced to life imprisonment, but demonstrations, including the 1143:

initially supported the establishment of the tribunal and recommended amendments to the 1973 law. The government already had planned to update the law, and proceeded in consultation with experts, as noted above.

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between Islamic activists and police forces. By the end of 3 March 2013, almost 80 people were dead, including many police officers. An estimated 2000 people were injured countrywide. On 17 September 2014, the

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and Delawar Hossain Sayeedi, requested retrials for the two because of the controversy during their trials. Mahbubey Alam, the Attorney General, suggested that the hacking was an attempt to disrupt the trial.

2613:] beheading a poet, raping an 11-year-old girl and shooting 344 people – have been left fuming over the sentence, and are calling for him to face the death sentence, like fellow accused Abul Kalam Azad. 963:

criticised the tribunal, mentioning government interference, restrictions on public discussion, not enough time allocated for the defence, the kidnapping of a defence witness and the judge resigning due to

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Persons appointed to the investigative agency to assist state prosecutors were Abdul Matin, Abdur Rahim, Kutubur Rahman, ASM Shamsul Arefin, Mir Shahidul Islam, Nurul Islam and M. Abdur Razzak Khan.

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The United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention has said that the arbitrary detention of the suspects and refusal by the government to grant bail to them violates Article 9 of the

364:(AL) pledged to try war criminals. The government set up the tribunal after the Awami League won the general election in December 2008 with a more than two-thirds majority in parliament. 1071:

Shafique Ahmed alleged that Jamaat-e-Islami has paid US$ 25 million to lobbyists in the USA and the UK to influence public opinion against the trials. Mizanur Rahman, chair of the

3002: 2320: 424:, called a general strike nationwide on 4 December 2012, which erupted in violence. The group demanded the tribunal be scrapped permanently and their leaders be released immediately. 1198:

expressed concern that the flawed nature of trials conducted at the ICT could deepen the divisions in Bangladeshi society which resulted from the war of 1971, rather than heal them.

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where it was scrutinised by specialist lawyers, judges and professors of the universities. On 9 July 2009, Parliament amended the act as recommended by the commission.

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expressed deep concern over the death sentence handed down by the Bangladesh International Crimes Tribunal against two opposition leaders in Bangladesh, including

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has stated that the "1973 Legislation, together with the 2009 amending text, provides a system which is broadly compatible with current international standards."

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reduced sentence of Delwar Hossain Sayedee revising the death sentence to 'imprisonment till death' for crimes against humanity in 1971. He died in cell due to

5833: 5613: 4878: 5881: 503:, a member of the parliament (MP) from the Awami League (AL), proposed taking action to establish a tribunal to prosecute war crimes during a session of the 2758: 1049:, the Minister of Law and Justice, referring to Ziauddin, said that Huq "sought help on procedural matters from an expert. That's not illegal or uncommon." 5803: 1206: 948: 676: 5930: 5876: 4137: 1100: 601: 1337: 5901: 2476: 1659: 5655: 4115: 3248: 2122: 2019: 5891: 1547: 1514: 1409: 5896: 4772: 667: 639:, a nationally known Islamic cleric and former member of Jamaat, was charged with genocide, rape, abduction, confinement and torture. He was tried 158: 3371: 2853: 2740: 4777: 4170: 2879: 3827: 3288: 2685: 646:

state, did not have any witnesses in the case; he said Azad's family failed to co-operate in helping locate witnesses and refused to testify.

941: 2328: 371:, tasked to investigate and find evidence, completed its report in 2008, identifying 1,600 suspects. Prior to the formation of the ICT, the 5650: 5638: 4812: 2714: 1075:, complained about the lobbying efforts, saying there was misinformation being spread among western nations about the war crimes tribunal. 432:

found that more than two-thirds of Bangladeshis characterise the ICT as "unfair" or "very unfair", though 86% support its implementation.

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The tribunal has been criticised by observers in Bangladesh and overseas as being biased and problematic, and "lacking basic standards."

4817: 4729: 3952: 2161: 1700: 168: 3275: 4944: 4175: 3915: 2398: 460: 391:. Three leaders of Jamaat were the first tried; each were convicted of several charges of war crimes. The first person convicted was 2626: 2049: 1212:

Some human rights advocates are concerned that the mass rapes and killings of women may not be fully addressed in the prosecutions.

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The landslide victory of the Awami League in the 2008 election included a manifesto pledge to prosecute the war criminals of 1971.

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There is no scope for questioning the fairness and standard of the ongoing trial for war crimes during the Liberation War in 1971.

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Bangladeshi opposition political parties have demanded the release of those held, claiming the arrests are politically motivated.

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To ensure international standards, as well as the victims those who are being tried must also consider human rights and justice.

748:. Following these mass protests, in September 2013 the Supreme Court overturned his life sentence and imposed the death penalty. 636: 605: 4097:"Opinion of the Law Commission on the technical aspects of the International Crimes (Tribunals) Act, 1973 (Act No. XIX of 1973)" 2203:"Opinion of the Law Commission on the technical aspects of the International Crimes (Tribunals) Act, 1973 (Act No. XIX of 1973)" 2827: 311: 2230: 4939: 4754: 4673: 3162: 2567: 2286: 1979: 1954: 1926: 1901: 1872: 1839: 1814: 1789: 1764: 1603: 1453: 1367: 1320: 1288: 1263: 1202: 1166:, the Minister of Law and Justice, disagrees, saying, "No one is being arrested or tried on religious or political grounds." 868: 810: 1068:; but Amnesty said that his newspaper stopped publishing the story once the government ban came into effect on 13 December. 1000:

who specialises in international law and is director of the Bangladesh Centre for Genocide Studies. Huq issued an order for

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each said that individual nations must find their own ways to deal with past events. The US state department has said, "The

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Turkey also withdrew its ambassador from Dhaka in protest of the execution of Matiur Rahman Nizami, and Turkish President

4415: 3413: 3178: 1195: 1116: 5866: 4969: 4827: 4145: 4123: 3644: 3321: 214: 5950: 5940: 5935: 5871: 5850: 5645: 5606: 5596: 5576: 5194: 4974: 867:, who was also on trial for crimes against humanity, died in prison. Yusuf was alleged to be the founder of infamous 814: 368: 357: 5757: 5082: 5059: 4384: 4374: 4344: 4212: 2440: 1072: 4379: 1469: 5711: 4986: 4446: 4425: 4400: 3037: 4110: 3760: 2531: 1729: 5623: 5163: 4994: 3778: 332:) is a domestic war crimes tribunal in Bangladesh set up in 2009 to investigate and prosecute suspects for the 279: 173: 138: 3397:

Ghafour, Abdul (31 October 2012). "International community urged to stop 'summary executions' in Bangladesh".

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strongly condemned the execution. A top Turkish diplomat called the execution a "huge mistake" by Bangladesh.

487:-led fourteen-party alliance included this in their election platform. The Four-Party Alliance, including the 5767: 5762: 5706: 4441: 3523: 658: 524: 3231: 2421: 1667: 4959: 4354: 4268: 3996: 3608: 3502: 2016: 916: 879:. He was indicted on 13 charges of genocide and crimes against humanity during the Liberation War in 1971. 488: 384: 178: 1229:

The Bangladeshi government has dismissed criticisms of the legal provisions and fairness of the tribunal.

1220:, has described the government's response to abuses against women in the liberation war as the following: 4954: 3842: 3737: 2983: 1627: 852: 841: 616: 649:

United Nations human rights experts expressed concern that the trial did not meet all the criteria of a

507:. A resolution was passed unanimously calling on the government to proceed as promised in the election. 5945: 5772: 5601: 5414: 5077: 4964: 4668: 4308: 4253: 2808: 977: 965: 585: 565: 492: 304: 284: 3802: 1177:

impartial and transparent trial." The ICT accused him of violating the British bar's code of conduct.

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bureau chief and Asia specialist to appear before the tribunal to explain how they got the materials.

5777: 5489: 4594: 4359: 4153: 3563: 2883: 2776: 892: 691:, assistant secretary of Jamaat, to life imprisonment. Mollah was convicted on five of six counts of 612: 452: 392: 353: 4014: 3977: 3896: 3680: 3662: 3545: 2663: 1999: 1622: 1384: 5429: 5199: 5158: 4949: 4807: 4688: 4575: 4410: 4258: 3296: 2689: 2259: 2181: 2144: 1123:, noting the court's practices have not met international standards of fair trial and due process. 778: 349: 333: 229: 4054: 4036: 3878: 3732: 3626: 3581: 3196: 2494: 2458: 5618: 4999: 4782: 4683: 4349: 4263: 1254:

Wierda, Marieke; Anthony Triolo (31 May 2012). Luc Reydams; Jan Wouters; Cedric Ryngaert (eds.).

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sent a letter to the tribunal asking that clemency be shown to those accused of war crimes. The

1127: 5474: 5464: 5229: 4837: 4832: 4334: 3860: 952: 896: 761: 581: 2361: 1864: 1441: 5828: 5798: 5726: 5449: 5434: 5377: 5301: 5179: 4759: 4644: 4461: 4456: 4339: 4288: 3055: 2513: 1217: 1133: 1050: 806: 793: 765: 700: 589: 532: 440: 421: 297: 101: 4089: 3459: 1856: 1548:"Letter to the Bangladesh Prime Minister regarding the International Crimes (Tribunals) Act" 5439: 5372: 5286: 5239: 5024: 4822: 4570: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4324: 3003:"Backlash feared as Bangladesh sentences Islamic politician Muhammad Kamaruzzaman to death" 1596:

International Law and Domestic Legal Systems: Incorporation, Transformation, and Persuasion

1120: 989: 888: 577: 543: 30: 3706: 8: 5782: 5520: 5479: 5424: 5352: 5347: 5306: 5276: 5224: 5219: 5209: 5039: 4934: 4893: 4709: 4704: 4451: 4222: 4207: 2477:"Bangladesh: United Nationsl Experts Warn That Justice for the Past Requires Fair Trials" 2096: 1185: 872: 688: 341: 4096: 2202: 5741: 5716: 5444: 5419: 5362: 5331: 5044: 5034: 4898: 4883: 4863: 4787: 4678: 4657: 4420: 4405: 4303: 3253: 1173: 1140: 1026: 988:

published contents of leaked communications between the chief justice of the tribunal,

937: 593: 568:, the largest Islamist party in the nation, which was opposed to independence in 1971: 436: 413:

has said "she expected that the trial would conform to the highest standard possible."

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was sentenced to death by hanging on 1 October 2013 . and hanged on 22 November 2015.

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Jamaat-e-Islami leader Muhammad Kamaruzzaman hanged by Bangladesh for 1971 war crimes

2282: 1975: 1950: 1922: 1897: 1868: 1857: 1835: 1810: 1785: 1760: 1599: 1449: 1363: 1316: 1284: 1259: 641: 512: 397: 1832:

Sexual Violence in Conflict Zones: From the Ancient World to the Era of Human Rights

5736: 5469: 5454: 5291: 5138: 5049: 5014: 4913: 4873: 4853: 4802: 4722: 4661: 4580: 733: 725: 663: 153: 3084:"Top Islamist Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed gets death for war crimes in Bangladesh" 2607:

But critics of the so-called "Butcher of Mirpur" – who was convicted of [

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was sentenced to death by hanging on 17 July 2013 and hanged on 22 November 2015.

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Advocate Zead-Al-Malum’s Speech before South Asian Committee of EU Parliament

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In January 2013, Brad Adams of Human Rights Watch (HRW) noted concern about

5535: 5530: 5234: 5133: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4538: 4083: 4079: 3060: 2536: 2514:"Conviction and Death Sentence at Bangladesh International Crimes Tribunal" 1308: 1190: 1148: 484: 410: 361: 249: 244: 2354:"War Crimes Tribunal constituted, prosecutors, investigation agency named" 1972:

Ignoring Executions and Torture: Impunity for Bangladesh's Security Forces

1945:

Totten, Samuel; Paul Robert Bartrop; Steven L. Jacobs (30 November 2007).

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Karim, Bianca; Tirza Theunissen (29 September 2011). Dinah Shelton (ed.).

1442:"Correspondents' Reports, Bangladesh: Case Against Delwar Hossain Sayedee" 1281:

Muslims in Motion: Islam and National Identity in the Bangladeshi Diaspora

5494: 5459: 5367: 5316: 5311: 4718: 4714: 4329: 1944: 1030: 825: 654: 569: 495:, had several alleged war criminals among their top-ranking politicians. 239: 3828:"The International Crimes Tribunal in Bangladesh, Will Justice Prevail?" 3372:"UN rights office expresses concern about death sentences in Bangladesh" 915:

was sentenced to death for crimes against humanity committed during the

5515: 5382: 5357: 5271: 5266: 4525: 4237: 4148: 3953:"Motion for a resolution on the situation in Bangladesh - B7-0144/2013" 1213: 1169: 933: 769: 717: 705: 650: 620: 464: 429: 401:

as he had left the country; he was sentenced to death in January 2013.

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Bangladesh executes Islamist tycoon Mir Quasem Ali for 1971 war crimes

2759:"Abdul Quader Mollah buried; Bangladesh clashes kill 4, injure dozens" 1805:

Trim, D. J. B. (12 May 2011). Hew Strachan; Sibylle Scheipers (eds.).

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to death after the tribunal found him guilty of torture and murder of

5525: 4232: 1888:

Sharlach, Lisa (2002). "State Rape: Sexual Violence as Genocide". In

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Deadly embrace: Pakistan, America, and the future of the global jihad

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Ullah, Ansar Ahmed (3 February 2012). "Vote of trust for war trial".

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executions as a first step towards abolition of capital punishment."

1059: 864: 745: 737: 388: 196: 4090:

THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMES (TRIBUNALS) ACT, 1973 (Act No. XIX OF 1973)

3215:"Bangladesh Islamist leader Motiur Rahman Nizami sentenced to death" 4636: 4364: 2958:"Thousands protest in Bangladesh after jailed Islamist leader dies" 2393: 2031: 1091: 1087: 1065: 997: 741: 729: 456: 3128:"Bangladesh MP Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury to hang for war crimes" 2277:

Amir-Ul Islam, M. (2012). Morten Bergsmo; Cheah Wui Ling (eds.).

951:, who had first appeared as a witness for the prosecution in the 895:

against Pakistan. He was executed by hanging from the gallows in

713: 2854:"Clashes Kill 35 in Bangladesh After Islamist Sentenced to Hang" 2560:"Bangladesh Islamist sentenced to life in prison for war crimes" 891:

was sentenced to death for war crimes committed during the 1971

805:

On 3 November 2013, the International Crimes Tribunal sentenced

3997:"Bangladesh War Crimes Court Sentences Islamist Leader to Life" 3645:"Jama'at appoints lobbyists to foil war crimes trial: Shafique" 1083: 764:, the deputy of Jamaat, was found guilty of genocide, rape and 721: 709: 35:

Old High Court Building (Dhaka) where the tribunal takes place

2422:"Islamic cleric sentenced to death for Bangladesh war crimes" 1654: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1064:

The government obtained a court order that accused Rahman of

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as chairman, with A.T.M. Fazle Kabir and A.K.M. Zahir Ahmed.

53: 1780:

Simms, Brendan (2011). Brendan Simms; D. J. B. Trim (eds.).

1444:. In Schmitt, M.N.; Arimatsu, Louise; McCormack, T. (eds.). 564:

The first nearly dozen men indicted include nine leaders of

2389:"Bangladesh court gives death penalty to 1971 war criminal" 1338:"Bangladesh arrests are opening act of war crimes tribunal" 383:, the largest Islamist party in the nation, and two of the 3935:"Ghulam Azam's clemency sought Tension arises with Turkey" 2880:"4 dead, hundreds injured as riots continue in Bangladesh" 2646:"Huge Bangladesh rally seeks death penalty for war crimes" 1998:

Manik, Julfikar Ali; Tusher, Hasan Jahid (26 March 2010).

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International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

3102:"Please spare his life, SQ Chy's family urges President" 2906:"Bangladesh deaths rise as Jamaat protest strike begins" 1570:"Bangladesh: Stop Harassment of Defense at War Tribunal" 608:, an Islamic cleric formerly associated with the party. 499:

commitment to prosecute war crimes. On 29 January 2009,

80: 2932:"Top Jamaat leader Sayedee to be in prison until death" 2050:"Plead not to cast vote for traitors and war criminals" 1315:(4th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 289. 409:

has passed three resolutions supporting the trials and

1823: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1718: 600:, who heads the pro-Jamaat Diganta Media Corporation; 2231:"Int'l law on war crimes trial being updated: Shafiq" 1593: 515:

committed in 1971. The act was a complete in itself.

3879:"ICT recommends action against Sayedee's UK lawyers" 3155:

A Biographical Encyclopedia of Contemporary Genocide

1830:

Saikia, Yasmin (2011). Elizabeth D. Heineman (ed.).

1410:"Politics and the past in Bangladesh: Dialling down" 1253: 1207:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

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International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

483:

Seeing the broad support for war crimes trials, the

3897:"War crimes act 2009 falls short of int'l standard" 3546:"Judge's Skype conversation recorded to foil trial" 3289:"Asif Nazrul warned to shun talk-show or be killed" 2709: 2707: 1919:

Nationbuilding, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia

1757:

Nationbuilding, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia

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Nationbuilding, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia

420:Jamaat-e-Islami supporters and their student wing, 4037:"Bangladesh War's Toll on Women Still Undiscussed" 2826:Manik, Julfikar Ali; Yardley, Jim (1 March 2013). 2627:"Bangladesh Protest Calls for Death for War Crime" 2487: 2438: 1353: 1351: 1306: 1057:, who had published the hacked files in the daily 5675: 3780:‘নিজামীর মৃত্যুদণ্ড কার্যকর বাংলাদেশের বিরাট ভুল’ 3479:"Bangladesh war crimes judge Nizamul Huq resigns" 3322:"UN concerned over way of handling Nizami's case" 2852:Devnath, Arun; MacAskill, Andrew (1 March 2013). 2656: 2321:"We will wait, watch: Jamaat on war crimes trial" 1834:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 157. 1470:"UN to help Bangladesh war crimes trial planning" 1446:Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law – 2010 5922: 5656:2015 Expulsion of Pakistani diplomats from Dhaka 3538: 2851: 2704: 2532:"Bangladesh jails Islamic party leader for life" 1617: 1615: 1041: 699:Following the verdict, large-scale, non-violent 615:were also indicted: former government ministers 159:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 4778:Military plans of the Bangladesh Liberation War 3761:"Six cops injured in Jamaat attack at Pirojpur" 3655: 3249:"Bangladesh Jamaat leader given death sentence" 2451: 2439:Ahmed, Tanim; Golam Mujtaba (21 January 2013). 1748: 1730:"Bangladesh's warcrimes trials: Final sentence" 1687: 1685: 1515:"The politics at play in Bangladesh war trials" 1348: 3889: 3753: 3725: 3627:"AI expresses concern over journos harassment" 3609:"Bangladesh War Crimes Tribunal Faces Turmoil" 3518: 3516: 3432:"Justice in Bangladesh: Another kind of crime" 3278:International Business Times. 4 September 2016 3189: 2828:"Death Toll From Bangladesh Unrest Reaches 44" 2741:"Bangladesh execution sparks violent protests" 2733: 2495:"UK, Germany, France support war crimes trial" 2097:"Bangladesh wrestles with trials from '71 war" 1894:Violence and Politics: Globalization's Paradox 922: 847: 63:The International Crimes (Tribunals) Act, 1973 4131: 3699: 3673: 3663:"HR boss critical of western countries' role" 3619: 3452: 3347:"Bangladesh: Government Backtracks on Rights" 3339: 3179:"Tribunal: Hand over Yusuf's body as per law" 3171: 2877: 2777:"Bangladesh Jamaat leader sentenced to death" 2348: 2346: 2276: 2270: 1612: 1029:and defence lawyers acting for the suspects, 451:The events of the nine-month conflict of the 305: 4813:Pakistan Army order of battle, December 1971 3524:"Bangladesh: Retrial Needed in Sayedee Case" 3029: 2976: 2825: 2303:"Prosecutor begins statement against SQ Chy" 1993: 1991: 1910: 1682: 927: 919:in 1971. He was hanged on 3 September 2016. 478: 3513: 2441:"ICT's death penalty for 'Bachchu Razakar'" 2383: 2381: 2379: 1997: 1916: 1754: 1357: 863:On 2 February 2014, Jamaat-e-Islami leader 24:International Criminal Tribunal, Bangladesh 5931:Aftermath of the Bangladesh Liberation War 4818:Mitro Bahini Order of Battle December 1971 4138: 4124: 4030: 4028: 3995:Syed, Zain Al-Mahmood (5 September 2013). 3988: 3637: 3607:Al-Mahmood, Syed Zain (14 December 2012). 3606: 3600: 3424: 2524: 2343: 2279:Old Evidence and Core International Crimes 2182:"War criminal trial under int'l crime act" 1892:; Sally A. Bermanzohn; Mark Ungar (eds.). 1848: 1784:. Cambridge University Press. p. 17. 326:International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh) 312: 298: 169:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 5834:Movement demanding trial of war criminals 4945:Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War 4442:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's speech of 7 March 4055:"Shafique terms ICT act world's best law" 3853: 3804:ট্রাইব্যুনালের কড়া সমালোচনা অ্যামনেস্টির 3503:"Bangladesh War-Crime Tribunal Bogs Down" 3496: 3494: 3492: 3477:Ethirajan, Anbarasan (11 December 2012). 3476: 3470: 3076: 3036:Khalidi, Toufique Imrose (15 July 2013). 2802: 2800: 2798: 2197: 2195: 2145:"JS passes proposal to try war criminals" 2064: 2062: 1988: 1940: 1938: 1563: 1561: 1512: 1402: 1233:, the Minister of Law and Justice, said: 971: 755: 116:The Honourable Justice AHM Habibur Rahman 5639:Deaths along the Bangladesh–India border 4773:Sectors in the Bangladesh Liberation War 4467:Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence 4047: 3916:"3 UK lawyers face Bangladesh court ire" 3834: 3232:Bangladesh Hangs Another Islamist Leader 2769: 2678: 2376: 2254: 2252: 2088: 1887: 1881: 1809:. Oxford University Press. p. 159. 1598:. Oxford University Press. p. 114. 1589: 1587: 1541: 1539: 1493: 1491: 1385:"Will ban on Islamic party heal wounds?" 1376: 1283:. Rutgers University Press. p. 19. 1258:. Oxford University Press. p. 169. 800: 788: 5732:Bangladesh Police Liberation War Museum 5582:International recognition of Bangladesh 4859:Battle of Rangamati-Mahalchari waterway 4025: 4007: 3871: 3840: 3819: 3556: 3411: 3396: 3390: 3152: 3146: 3035: 3000: 2994: 2871: 2715:"Bangladesh executes opposition leader" 2643: 2637: 2588: 2582: 2115:"Awami League wins Bangladesh election" 1969: 1963: 1448:(1st ed.). Springer. p. 463. 1335: 882: 657:. Speaking for the British government, 626: 5923: 3926: 3907: 3564:"PM: Don't be puzzled, trial will end" 3526:. Human Rights Watch. 13 December 2012 3500: 3489: 3405: 3038:"90 years for Jamaat guru Ghulam Azam" 2795: 2511: 2505: 2469: 2432: 2419: 2413: 2192: 2059: 1949:. Vol. 1. Greenwood. p. 34. 1935: 1854: 1829: 1558: 1329: 1278: 687:On 5 February 2013, the ICT sentenced 682: 129:The Honourable Justice KM Hafizul Alam 5674: 5565: 5103: 4940:1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals 4487: 4191:Origins of the Bangladeshi Revolution 4189: 4119: 3970: 3932: 3913: 3366: 3364: 3316: 3314: 2898: 2806: 2591:"The war Bangladesh can never forget" 2327:. IANS. 26 March 2010. Archived from 2313: 2249: 1779: 1773: 1693:"Jamaat desperately on the offensive" 1584: 1567: 1545: 1536: 1513:Chowdhury, Shamim (29 October 2014). 1497: 1488: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1382: 1300: 1272: 1247: 1203:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1147:When the tribunal was being planned, 1107:and other party members being tried. 836: 4534:Provisional Government of Bangladesh 4035:Roy, Nilanjana S. (24 August 2010). 3994: 3861:"'Anti-ICT remark will draw action'" 3841:Allchin, Joseph (21 December 2012). 2624: 2618: 2589:Hensher, Philip (19 February 2013). 2552: 2512:Nuland, Victoria (22 January 2013). 2295: 2094: 1804: 1798: 1782:Humanitarian Intervention: A History 373:United Nations Development Programme 5614:1971 Prisoners of War Investigation 4034: 3933:Zaman, Khurram (28 December 2012). 3807:(in Bengali). BBC News. 24 May 2012 3783:(in Bengali). BBC News. 18 May 2016 3681:"Sorry only for US embassy vehicle" 3120: 2809:"Bangladesh: Find Abducted Witness" 2540:. Associated Press. 5 February 2013 2420:Quadir, Serajul (21 January 2013). 1462: 1439: 1313:Historical dictionary of Bangladesh 1196:International Commission of Jurists 704:and demonstrations taking place in 576:unit of the party; incumbent chief 443:in Dhaka, led to a new punishment. 387:, had been indicted as suspects in 13: 4828:East Pakistan Air Operations, 1971 4171:Ministry of Liberation War Affairs 3843:"The Midlife Crisis of Bangladesh" 3825: 3361: 3311: 3295:. 27 December 2013. Archived from 3094: 2644:Mustafa, Sabir (8 February 2013). 2459:"Azad to be hanged for war crimes" 2260:"Law amended for war crime trials" 2121:. 30 December 2008. Archived from 1974:. Human Rights Watch. p. 12. 1666:. 14 November 2012. Archived from 1428: 1383:Shams, Shamil (18 February 2013). 1078: 631: 14: 5962: 5851:War Crimes Fact Finding Committee 5597:Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh 5577:Pakistani Instrument of Surrender 4068: 3914:Ahmed, Tanim (14 November 2011). 3414:"Witness alleges state abduction" 2688:. 7 February 2013. Archived from 2566:. 5 February 2013. Archived from 2397:. 21 January 2013. Archived from 2095:Alam, Julhas (21 December 2011). 2070:"A historic landslide for Hasina" 2030:31 December 2008, collected from 1917:D'Costa, Bina (1 November 2010). 1863:. Brookings Institution. p. 1755:D'Costa, Bina (1 November 2010). 1440:Haq, M. Zahurul (5 August 2011). 1358:D'Costa, Bina (1 November 2011). 936:, director of the Asia branch of 902: 815:1971 Liberation war of Bangladesh 572:, in 1971 chief of the erstwhile 369:War Crimes Fact Finding Committee 5758:Bengali Genocide Remembrance Day 5083:Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971 4385:Constitution of Pakistan of 1962 4375:Constitution of Pakistan of 1956 4345:All Pakistan Awami Muslim League 4213:Muslim nationalism in South Asia 4165: 4147: 3945: 3795: 3771: 3733:"Jamaat attacks cops in Jessore" 3582:"Justice Kabir made ICT-1 chief" 3501:Wright, Tom (20 December 2012). 2984:"Kamaruzzaman verdict 'any day'" 2664:"Thousands join Shahbagh sit-in" 2625:Alam, Julhas (8 February 2013). 1073:National Human Rights Commission 588:; assistant secretaries general 542:The three judges appointed were 422:Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir 29: 5712:Martyred Intellectuals Memorial 4426:1970 Pakistani general election 4401:Swadhin Bangla Biplobi Parishad 4015:"Detention of accused unlawful" 3574: 3281: 3269: 3241: 3225: 3207: 3197:"War crimes accused Yusuf dies" 3048: 3013: 2950: 2924: 2845: 2819: 2807:Adams, Brad (16 January 2013). 2751: 2481:United Nations Office at Geneva 2360:. 25 March 2010. Archived from 2223: 2174: 2155: 2137: 2107: 2043: 2010: 1568:Adams, Brad (2 November 2011). 1506: 1336:Montero, David (14 July 2010). 966:controversy over his neutrality 463:leading to an estimated 25,000 4995:1971 Dhaka University massacre 4798:Mutiny on PNS Mangro in Toulon 4416:1969 uprising in East Pakistan 3412:Bergman, David (16 May 2013). 3153:Bartrop, Paul R. (July 2012). 2878:Naim-Ul-Karim (2 March 2013). 2281:. Torkel Opsahl. p. 254. 2017:"No against war criminals won" 820: 611:Two leaders of the opposition 559: 340:and their local collaborators 280:International human rights law 174:International Court of Justice 139:International humanitarian law 1: 5839:International Crimes Tribunal 5768:Armed Forces Day (Bangladesh) 5763:Independence Day (Bangladesh) 5722:Liberation War Memorial Trust 5646:Bangladesh–Pakistan relations 5566: 3001:Hossain, Farid (9 May 2013). 1807:The Changing Character of War 1241: 1042:Allegations by the government 525:International Bar Association 446: 4960:Shadhin Bangla Football Team 4269:Indian independence movement 4104:Law Commission of Bangladesh 3978:"Int'l Crimes Tribunal fair" 2686:"People burst into protests" 1660:"Jamaat-Shibir men run amok" 1110: 996:, a Bangladeshi attorney in 917:Liberation War of Bangladesh 858: 666:, and the German Ambassador 385:Bangladesh Nationalist Party 179:International Criminal Court 16:Domestic war crimes tribunal 7: 5651:2013 Pakistan Embassy siege 5634:2001 Indo-Bangla skirmishes 5104: 4955:Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra 4111:Bangladesh Genocide Archive 3651:. Dhaka. 30 September 2012. 2210:Law Commission – Bangladesh 1947:Dictionary of Genocide: A-L 1623:"Jamaat, Shibir go berserk" 1546:Adams, Brad (18 May 2011). 923:Criticism and controversies 853:Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury 848:Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury 842:Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed 617:Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury 10: 5967: 5792:Decorations and depictions 5773:Martyred Intellectuals Day 5707:National Martyrs' Memorial 5624:Bangladesh–India relations 5602:Hamoodur Rahman Commission 5078:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 4965:The Concert for Bangladesh 4394:Bengali self-determination 4380:1958 Pakistani coup d'état 4309:Partition of Bengal (1947) 4254:Partition of Bengal (1905) 2813:Thomson Reuters Foundation 1921:. Routledge. p. 132. 1896:. Routledge. p. 111. 1574:Thomson Reuters Foundation 1362:. Routledge. p. 144. 1009:and an external adviser." 978:2012 ICT Skype controversy 975: 586:Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojahid 285:International criminal law 5859: 5821: 5791: 5778:Victory day of Bangladesh 5750: 5699: 5692: 5688: 5670: 5572: 5561: 5503: 5402: 5395: 5340: 5259: 5252: 5172: 5121: 5114: 5110: 5099: 5070: 4985: 4922: 4846: 4743: 4697: 4635: 4591:Special Guerrilla Forces 4524: 4517: 4513: 4483: 4434: 4393: 4360:Bengali language movement 4317: 4246: 4200: 4196: 4185: 4160: 4154:Bangladesh Liberation War 4092:, Bangladesh Laws website 3157:. ABC-CLIO. p. 374. 2076:. Dhaka. 30 December 2008 2000:"Stage set for war trial" 1855:Riedel, Bruce O. (2011). 1759:. Routledge. p. 76. 1342:Christian Science Monitor 1256:International Prosecutors 1053:criticised the arrest of 928:Concerns for human rights 613:Bangladesh National Party 501:Mahmud-us-Samad Chowdhury 479:Formation of the tribunal 453:Bangladesh Liberation War 379:By 2012, nine leaders of 354:Bangladesh Liberation War 336:committed in 1971 by the 125: 120: 112: 107: 96: 91: 75: 67: 59: 52:Old High Court Building, 48: 40: 28: 23: 5951:War crimes organizations 5941:Bangladeshi criminal law 5936:War crimes in Bangladesh 5200:Muhammad Hamidullah Khan 5159:Muhammad Hamidullah Khan 4869:Battle of Dhalai Outpost 4755:Pakistan Eastern Command 4447:Non-cooperation movement 4411:Agartala Conspiracy Case 4259:Eastern Bengal and Assam 3803: 3779: 2962:South China Morning Post 2882:. Xinhua. Archived from 1970:Alffram, Henrik (2009). 779:Bangladesh Supreme Court 230:Fourth Geneva Convention 5700:Monuments and memorials 5619:Bangladeshi nationalism 5353:Dr. Abdul Motaleb Malik 5000:Shankharibazar massacre 4783:Eastern Command (India) 4674:Central Peace Committee 4264:All-India Muslim League 4001:The Wall Street Journal 3707:"Violences mark hartal" 3613:The Wall Street Journal 3507:The Wall Street Journal 3090:. Mumbai. 17 July 2013. 2167:28 January 2013 at the 2037:8 February 2013 at the 1156:leaked diplomatic cable 1117:UN Human Rights Council 1105:Delawar Hossain Sayedee 1018:(WSJ), the e-mails and 1015:The Wall Street Journal 693:crimes against humanity 225:Third Geneva Convention 100:The Honourable Justice 5809:Awards and decorations 5230:Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad 4838:Operation Cactus-Lilly 4833:Operation Chengiz Khan 4335:Pakistan Muslim League 4076:http://www.ict-bd.org/ 3957:www.europarl.europa.eu 3460:"Discrepancy in Dhaka" 2054:The Daily Prothom Alo, 2028:The Daily Prothom Alo, 1279:Kibria, Nazli (2011). 1239: 1227: 1180:The Turkish president 972:2012 Skype controversy 953:Delwar Hossain Sayeedi 897:Old Dhaka Central Jail 762:Delwar Hossain Sayeedi 756:Delwar Hossain Sayeedi 582:Delwar Hossain Sayeedi 5829:2013 Shahbag protests 5799:Muktijuddho e-Archive 5727:Liberation War Museum 5450:Minoo Merwan Engineer 5435:Gopal Gurunath Bewoor 5180:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 4760:Operation Searchlight 4645:Pakistan Armed Forces 4462:Operation Searchlight 4457:Admiral Ahsan Mission 4340:Objectives Resolution 4289:Muslim National Guard 3649:The Financial Express 3106:The Financial Express 2022:13 April 2014 at the 1235: 1222: 1218:human rights activist 1205:and Article 9 of the 1134:Amnesty International 1051:Amnesty International 875:force in the greater 807:Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin 801:Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin 794:Muhammad Kamaruzzaman 789:Muhammad Kamaruzzaman 766:religious persecution 760:On 28 February 2013, 590:Muhammad Kamaruzzaman 533:Operation Searchlight 455:are widely viewed as 441:2013 Shahbag protests 358:2008 general election 102:Md. Abu Ahmed Jamadar 5440:Sourendra Nath Kohli 5373:Motiur Rahman Nizami 5240:Abu Sayeed Chowdhury 5025:Jathibhanga massacre 4879:Battle of Ajmiriganj 4823:Sinking of PNS Ghazi 4732:(Indo-Bangali group) 4571:Bangladesh Air Force 4325:Dominion of Pakistan 4061:. 29 September 2012. 3826:Huskey, Kristine A. 3108:. Dhaka. 6 July 2007 2237:. Dhaka. 21 May 2009 1670:on 27 September 2013 1128:Recep Tayyip Erdogan 1121:Matiur Rahman Nizami 990:Mohammed Nizamul Huq 907:On 2 November 2014, 889:Motiur Rahman Nizami 887:On 29 October 2014, 883:Motiur Rahman Nizami 785:in August 14, 2023. 627:Accused and verdicts 584:; secretary general 578:Matiur Rahman Nizami 544:Mohammed Nizamul Huq 259:Related areas of law 145:Courts and Tribunals 5804:Artistic depictions 5783:Vijay Diwas (India) 5629:Indira-Mujib Treaty 5521:Gopal Swarup Pathak 5480:Inderjit Singh Gill 5425:Jagjit Singh Aurora 5348:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 5225:Muhammad Mansur Ali 5220:Chitta Ranjan Dutta 5210:Dhirendranath Datta 5040:Madhyapara massacre 4935:Bangladesh genocide 4894:Battle of Longewala 4710:Indian Armed Forces 4705:Parliament of India 4223:Bengali nationalism 4208:Bengali Renaissance 4021:. 16 February 2012. 3885:. 14 November 2011. 3867:. 17 February 2012. 3570:. 14 December 2012. 3552:. 14 December 2012. 3299:on 27 December 2013 2938:. 17 September 2014 2765:. 13 December 2013. 2747:. 13 December 2013. 2518:US State Department 2331:on 15 February 2013 1736:. 17 September 2013 1186:European Parliament 689:Abdul Quader Mollah 683:Abdul Quader Mollah 68:Number of positions 5902:Military personnel 5887:Causes and prelude 5742:Shabash Bangladesh 5717:Swadhinata Stambha 5445:Nilakanta Krishnan 5363:Shah Azizur Rahman 5045:Bakhrabad massacre 5035:Chuknagar massacre 4899:Battle of Basantar 4884:Battle of Garibpur 4864:Battle of Goalhati 4788:Meghna Heli Bridge 4435:Declaration of war 4421:1970 Bhola cyclone 4406:Six point movement 4304:Partition of India 4041:The New York Times 3984:. 17 January 2012. 3903:. 14 October 2010. 3767:. 8 December 2012. 3669:. 18 January 2012. 3588:. 13 December 2012 3466:. 8 December 2012. 3221:. 29 October 2014. 3203:. 9 February 2014. 3185:. 9 February 2014. 3056:"Ghulam Azam dies" 2832:The New York Times 2783:. 28 February 2013 2721:. 12 December 2013 2570:on 8 February 2013 2501:. 22 January 2013. 2483:. 7 February 2013. 2465:. 21 January 2012. 2401:on 24 January 2013 2151:. 30 January 2009. 2032:ICSF Media Archive 1631:. 13 November 2012 1552:Human Rights Watch 1141:Human Rights Watch 1027:Human Rights Watch 982:In December 2012, 949:Shukho Ranjan Bali 938:Human Rights Watch 837:Ali Ahsan Mojaheed 775:Appellate Division 594:Abdul Quader Molla 539:on 25 March 1971. 437:Abdul Quader Molla 435:In February 2013, 220:Geneva Conventions 5946:War crimes trials 5918: 5917: 5914: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5817: 5816: 5666: 5665: 5557: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5541:Dilip Mahalanabis 5391: 5390: 5248: 5247: 5205:Serajul Alam Khan 5185:Syed Nazrul Islam 5095: 5094: 5091: 5090: 5071:Related conflicts 5055:Sohagpur massacre 5010:Sutrapur massacre 4987:List of massacres 4950:Refugees in India 4904:Battle of Kushtia 4808:Operation Trident 4793:Operation Jackpot 4765:Operation Barisal 4739: 4738: 4586:Bangladesh Police 4576:Bangladesh Rifles 4479: 4478: 4475: 4474: 4294:Direct Action Day 4279:Lahore Resolution 4274:Pakistan Movement 4247:Pakistan Movement 4218:Two-nation theory 3713:. 26 January 2013 3687:. 5 December 2012 3633:. 9 January 2013. 3257:. 2 November 2014 3164:978-0-313-38678-7 2666:. 7 February 2013 2288:978-82-93081-60-9 1981:978-1-56432-483-2 1956:978-0-313-32967-8 1928:978-0-415-56566-0 1903:978-0-415-93111-3 1874:978-0-8157-0557-4 1841:978-0-8122-4318-5 1816:978-0-19-959673-7 1791:978-0-521-19027-5 1766:978-0-415-56566-0 1605:978-0-19-969490-7 1580:on 15 April 2013. 1455:978-90-6704-811-8 1416:. 30 October 2014 1369:978-0-415-56566-0 1322:978-0-8108-6766-6 1290:978-0-8135-5056-5 1265:978-0-19-955429-4 1101:Miah Golam Parwar 602:Miah Golam Parwar 513:international law 330:ICT of Bangladesh 322: 321: 215:Hague Conventions 133: 132: 5958: 5737:Aparajeyo Bangla 5697: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5672: 5671: 5563: 5562: 5470:Khem Karan Singh 5455:Hari Chand Dewan 5400: 5399: 5292:Mohammad Shariff 5257: 5256: 5195:AHM Qamaruzzaman 5139:Khaled Mosharraf 5119: 5118: 5112: 5111: 5101: 5100: 5050:Burunga massacre 5015:Jinjira massacre 4914:Battle of Atgram 4874:Battle of Dhalai 4854:Battle of Daruin 4803:Operation Python 4581:Bangladesh Ansar 4522: 4521: 4515: 4514: 4485: 4484: 4452:Rodionov message 4198: 4197: 4187: 4186: 4169: 4152: 4151: 4140: 4133: 4126: 4117: 4116: 4107: 4101: 4063: 4062: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4032: 4023: 4022: 4011: 4005: 4004: 3992: 3986: 3985: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3949: 3943: 3942: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3911: 3905: 3904: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3838: 3832: 3831: 3830:. Crimes of War. 3823: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3775: 3769: 3768: 3757: 3751: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3741:. 4 January 2013 3729: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3677: 3671: 3670: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3604: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3578: 3572: 3571: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3542: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3520: 3511: 3510: 3498: 3487: 3486: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3428: 3422: 3421: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3394: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3368: 3359: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3343: 3337: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3318: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3245: 3239: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3193: 3187: 3186: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3134:. 1 October 2013 3124: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3033: 3027: 3026:. 13 April 2015. 3017: 3011: 3010: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2990:. 16 April 2013. 2980: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2964:. 15 August 2023 2954: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2902: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2875: 2869: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2823: 2817: 2816: 2804: 2793: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2737: 2731: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2711: 2702: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2692:on 13 April 2014 2682: 2676: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2622: 2616: 2615: 2604: 2602: 2586: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2528: 2522: 2521: 2509: 2503: 2502: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2417: 2411: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2385: 2374: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2350: 2341: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2317: 2311: 2310: 2299: 2293: 2292: 2274: 2268: 2267: 2256: 2247: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2227: 2221: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2207: 2199: 2190: 2189: 2188:. 26 March 2009. 2178: 2172: 2159: 2153: 2152: 2141: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2111: 2105: 2104: 2092: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2066: 2057: 2056:27 December 2008 2047: 2041: 2014: 2008: 2007: 1995: 1986: 1985: 1967: 1961: 1960: 1942: 1933: 1932: 1914: 1908: 1907: 1885: 1879: 1878: 1862: 1852: 1846: 1845: 1827: 1821: 1820: 1802: 1796: 1795: 1777: 1771: 1770: 1752: 1746: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1726: 1713: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1699:. Archived from 1689: 1680: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1656: 1641: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1619: 1610: 1609: 1591: 1582: 1581: 1576:. Archived from 1565: 1556: 1555: 1543: 1534: 1533: 1527: 1525: 1510: 1504: 1503: 1495: 1486: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1466: 1460: 1459: 1437: 1426: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1380: 1374: 1373: 1355: 1346: 1345: 1333: 1327: 1326: 1307:Rahman, Syedur; 1304: 1298: 1297: 1276: 1270: 1269: 1251: 1216:, a Bangladeshi 899:on 11 May 2016. 893:independence war 869:Peace Committees 811:18 intellectuals 664:Michel Trinquier 535:massacre by the 314: 307: 300: 154:Nuremberg trials 135: 134: 87: 84: 82: 33: 21: 20: 5966: 5965: 5961: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5956: 5955: 5921: 5920: 5919: 5906: 5855: 5813: 5787: 5746: 5684: 5662: 5592:Delhi Agreement 5587:Simla Agreement 5568: 5545: 5499: 5387: 5336: 5244: 5215:Kazi Nuruzzaman 5168: 5129:M. A. G. Osmani 5106: 5087: 5066: 5020:Akhira massacre 4981: 4918: 4909:Battle of Boyra 4889:Battle of Hilli 4842: 4748: 4746: 4735: 4693: 4669:Jamaat-e-Islami 4631: 4588: 4566:Bangladesh Navy 4544:Bangladesh Army 4509: 4471: 4430: 4389: 4313: 4242: 4192: 4181: 4180: 4156: 4146: 4144: 4099: 4095: 4071: 4066: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4033: 4026: 4013: 4012: 4008: 3993: 3989: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3961: 3959: 3951: 3950: 3946: 3931: 3927: 3912: 3908: 3895: 3894: 3890: 3877: 3876: 3872: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3839: 3835: 3824: 3820: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3744: 3742: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3716: 3714: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3690: 3688: 3679: 3678: 3674: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3643: 3642: 3638: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3605: 3601: 3591: 3589: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3529: 3527: 3522: 3521: 3514: 3499: 3490: 3475: 3471: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3443: 3441: 3440:. 23 March 2013 3430: 3429: 3425: 3410: 3406: 3395: 3391: 3381: 3379: 3370: 3369: 3362: 3352: 3350: 3349:. February 2013 3345: 3344: 3340: 3330: 3328: 3320: 3319: 3312: 3302: 3300: 3287: 3286: 3282: 3274: 3270: 3260: 3258: 3247: 3246: 3242: 3230: 3226: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3195: 3194: 3190: 3177: 3176: 3172: 3165: 3151: 3147: 3137: 3135: 3126: 3125: 3121: 3111: 3109: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3067: 3065: 3054: 3053: 3049: 3034: 3030: 3018: 3014: 3007:The Independent 2999: 2995: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2967: 2965: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2941: 2939: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2915: 2913: 2904: 2903: 2899: 2889: 2887: 2886:on 7 March 2013 2876: 2872: 2862: 2860: 2850: 2846: 2836: 2834: 2824: 2820: 2805: 2796: 2786: 2784: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2724: 2722: 2713: 2712: 2705: 2695: 2693: 2684: 2683: 2679: 2669: 2667: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2642: 2638: 2623: 2619: 2600: 2598: 2595:The Independent 2587: 2583: 2573: 2571: 2558: 2557: 2553: 2543: 2541: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2510: 2506: 2493: 2492: 2488: 2475: 2474: 2470: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2437: 2433: 2418: 2414: 2404: 2402: 2387: 2386: 2377: 2367: 2365: 2364:on 5 April 2012 2352: 2351: 2344: 2334: 2332: 2319: 2318: 2314: 2301: 2300: 2296: 2289: 2275: 2271: 2266:. 10 July 2009. 2258: 2257: 2250: 2240: 2238: 2229: 2228: 2224: 2214: 2212: 2205: 2201: 2200: 2193: 2180: 2179: 2175: 2169:Wayback Machine 2160: 2156: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2128: 2126: 2125:on 5 March 2015 2113: 2112: 2108: 2093: 2089: 2079: 2077: 2068: 2067: 2060: 2048: 2044: 2039:Wayback Machine 2024:Wayback Machine 2015: 2011: 1996: 1989: 1982: 1968: 1964: 1957: 1943: 1936: 1929: 1915: 1911: 1904: 1886: 1882: 1875: 1853: 1849: 1842: 1828: 1824: 1817: 1803: 1799: 1792: 1778: 1774: 1767: 1753: 1749: 1739: 1737: 1728: 1727: 1716: 1706: 1704: 1691: 1690: 1683: 1673: 1671: 1658: 1657: 1644: 1634: 1632: 1621: 1620: 1613: 1606: 1592: 1585: 1566: 1559: 1544: 1537: 1523: 1521: 1511: 1507: 1496: 1489: 1479: 1477: 1476:. 24 April 2009 1468: 1467: 1463: 1456: 1438: 1429: 1419: 1417: 1408: 1407: 1403: 1393: 1391: 1381: 1377: 1370: 1356: 1349: 1334: 1330: 1323: 1305: 1301: 1291: 1277: 1273: 1266: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1174:Queen's Counsel 1113: 1081: 1079:Shibir protests 1055:Mahmudur Rahman 1044: 980: 974: 959:In March 2013, 930: 925: 909:Jamaat-e-Islami 905: 885: 861: 850: 839: 823: 803: 791: 758: 685: 637:Abul Kalam Azad 634: 632:Abul Kalam Azad 629: 606:Abul Kalam Azad 566:Jamaat-e-Islami 562: 553:Golam Arif Tipu 505:Jatiyo Sangshad 493:Jamaat-e-Islami 481: 449: 393:Abul Kalam Azad 381:Jamaat-e-Islami 318: 289: 254: 201: 183: 79: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5964: 5954: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5916: 5915: 5912: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5867:Liberation War 5863: 5861: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5853: 5848: 5847: 5846: 5836: 5831: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5818: 5815: 5814: 5812: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5754: 5752: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5703: 5701: 5694: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5682: 5679: 5678:Related topics 5668: 5667: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5660: 5659: 5658: 5653: 5643: 5642: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5610: 5609: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5559: 5558: 5555: 5554: 5551: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5507: 5505: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5497: 5492: 5490:E. C. Kuruvila 5487: 5485:J. F. R. Jacob 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5406: 5404: 5397: 5393: 5392: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5344: 5342: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5334: 5329: 5327:Siddique Salik 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5307:Khadim Hussain 5304: 5299: 5297:Rao Farman Ali 5294: 5289: 5287:Yaqub Ali Khan 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5263: 5261: 5254: 5250: 5249: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5190:Tajuddin Ahmad 5187: 5182: 5176: 5174: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5154:A. K. Khandker 5151: 5146: 5144:K M Shafiullah 5141: 5136: 5131: 5125: 5123: 5116: 5108: 5107: 5097: 5096: 5093: 5092: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5085: 5080: 5074: 5072: 5068: 5067: 5065: 5064: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5030:Demra massacre 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5005:Ramna massacre 5002: 4997: 4991: 4989: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4979: 4978: 4977: 4972: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4930:Blood Telegram 4926: 4924: 4920: 4919: 4917: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4850: 4848: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4751: 4749: 4744: 4741: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4733: 4727: 4726: 4725: 4707: 4701: 4699: 4695: 4694: 4692: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4665: 4664: 4641: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4629: 4624: 4623: 4622: 4620:Hemayet Bahini 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4589: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4562: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4541: 4536: 4530: 4528: 4519: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4507: 4504: 4501: 4498: 4495: 4492: 4481: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4438: 4436: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4397: 4395: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4321: 4319: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4299:Noakhali riots 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4250: 4248: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4228:Bengal studies 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4204: 4202: 4194: 4193: 4183: 4182: 4179: 4178: 4173: 4162: 4161: 4158: 4157: 4143: 4142: 4135: 4128: 4120: 4114: 4113: 4108: 4093: 4087: 4070: 4069:External links 4067: 4065: 4064: 4059:The Daily Star 4046: 4024: 4019:The Daily Star 4006: 3987: 3982:The Daily Star 3969: 3944: 3939:Bangla News 24 3925: 3906: 3901:The Daily Star 3888: 3883:The Daily Star 3870: 3852: 3847:Foreign Policy 3833: 3818: 3794: 3770: 3752: 3738:The Daily Star 3724: 3711:The New Nation 3698: 3685:The Daily Star 3672: 3667:The Daily Star 3654: 3636: 3631:The Daily Star 3618: 3599: 3573: 3555: 3550:The Daily Star 3537: 3512: 3488: 3469: 3451: 3423: 3404: 3389: 3378:. 8 April 2016 3360: 3338: 3310: 3280: 3268: 3240: 3238:. 15 May 2016. 3224: 3206: 3201:The Daily Star 3188: 3170: 3163: 3145: 3119: 3093: 3075: 3064:. October 2014 3047: 3028: 3012: 2993: 2975: 2949: 2923: 2912:. 3 March 2013 2897: 2870: 2844: 2818: 2794: 2768: 2750: 2732: 2703: 2677: 2655: 2636: 2617: 2581: 2551: 2523: 2504: 2499:The Daily Star 2486: 2468: 2463:The Daily Star 2450: 2431: 2412: 2375: 2342: 2325:Thaindian News 2312: 2294: 2287: 2269: 2264:The Daily Star 2248: 2222: 2191: 2186:The Daily Star 2173: 2154: 2149:The Daily Star 2136: 2106: 2087: 2058: 2042: 2009: 2004:The Daily Star 1987: 1980: 1962: 1955: 1934: 1927: 1909: 1902: 1890:Kent Worcester 1880: 1873: 1847: 1840: 1822: 1815: 1797: 1790: 1772: 1765: 1747: 1714: 1703:on 15 May 2013 1681: 1642: 1628:The Daily Star 1611: 1604: 1583: 1557: 1535: 1505: 1500:The Daily Star 1487: 1461: 1454: 1427: 1401: 1389:Deutsche Welle 1375: 1368: 1347: 1328: 1321: 1299: 1289: 1271: 1264: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1231:Shafique Ahmed 1164:Shafique Ahmed 1112: 1109: 1096:rubber bullets 1080: 1077: 1047:Shafique Ahmed 1043: 1040: 994:Ahmed Ziauddin 976:Main article: 973: 970: 929: 926: 924: 921: 913:Mir Quasem Ali 904: 903:Mir Quasem Ali 901: 884: 881: 860: 857: 849: 846: 838: 835: 822: 819: 802: 799: 790: 787: 757: 754: 684: 681: 675:including the 668:Albrecht Conze 633: 630: 628: 625: 598:Mir Kashem Ali 596:; media doyen 561: 558: 480: 477: 473:Shafique Ahmed 448: 445: 320: 319: 317: 316: 309: 302: 294: 291: 290: 288: 287: 282: 277: 264: 261: 260: 256: 255: 253: 252: 247: 242: 237: 232: 227: 222: 217: 211: 208: 207: 203: 202: 200: 199: 193: 190: 189: 185: 184: 182: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 150: 147: 146: 142: 141: 131: 130: 127: 123: 122: 118: 117: 114: 110: 109: 105: 104: 98: 94: 93: 89: 88: 77: 73: 72: 69: 65: 64: 61: 57: 56: 50: 46: 45: 42: 38: 37: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5963: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5858: 5852: 5849: 5845: 5842: 5841: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5820: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5790: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5751:Anniversaries 5749: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5698: 5695: 5693:Commemoration 5691: 5687: 5680: 5677: 5676: 5673: 5669: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5648: 5647: 5644: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5608: 5605: 5604: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5574: 5571: 5564: 5560: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5526:Rameshwar Kao 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5511:Indira Gandhi 5509: 5508: 5506: 5502: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5430:K. P. Candeth 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5410:Sam Manekshaw 5408: 5407: 5405: 5401: 5398: 5396:Indian allies 5394: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5345: 5343: 5339: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5258: 5255: 5251: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5171: 5165: 5164:Matiur Rahman 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5149:Shafaat Jamil 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5102: 5098: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5069: 5063: 5062: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4984: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4967: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4847:Major battles 4845: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4752: 4750: 4745:Campaigns and 4742: 4731: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4698:Indian allies 4696: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4648: 4647: 4646: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4634: 4628: 4627:Crack Platoon 4625: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4523: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4489: 4486: 4482: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4433: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4392: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4370:East Pakistan 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4318:East Pakistan 4316: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4284:United Bengal 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4251: 4249: 4245: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4188: 4184: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4150: 4141: 4136: 4134: 4129: 4127: 4122: 4121: 4118: 4112: 4109: 4105: 4098: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4072: 4060: 4056: 4050: 4042: 4038: 4031: 4029: 4020: 4016: 4010: 4002: 3998: 3991: 3983: 3979: 3973: 3958: 3954: 3948: 3940: 3936: 3929: 3921: 3917: 3910: 3902: 3898: 3892: 3884: 3880: 3874: 3866: 3862: 3856: 3848: 3844: 3837: 3829: 3822: 3806: 3798: 3782: 3774: 3766: 3762: 3756: 3740: 3739: 3734: 3728: 3712: 3708: 3702: 3686: 3682: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3658: 3650: 3646: 3640: 3632: 3628: 3622: 3614: 3610: 3603: 3587: 3583: 3577: 3569: 3565: 3559: 3551: 3547: 3541: 3525: 3519: 3517: 3508: 3504: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3484: 3480: 3473: 3465: 3464:The Economist 3461: 3455: 3439: 3438: 3437:The Economist 3433: 3427: 3419: 3415: 3408: 3400: 3393: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3365: 3348: 3342: 3327: 3323: 3317: 3315: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3284: 3277: 3272: 3256: 3255: 3250: 3244: 3237: 3233: 3228: 3220: 3216: 3210: 3202: 3198: 3192: 3184: 3183:Dhaka Tribune 3180: 3174: 3166: 3160: 3156: 3149: 3133: 3129: 3123: 3107: 3103: 3097: 3089: 3085: 3079: 3063: 3062: 3057: 3051: 3043: 3039: 3032: 3025: 3021: 3016: 3008: 3004: 2997: 2989: 2985: 2979: 2963: 2959: 2953: 2937: 2933: 2927: 2911: 2907: 2901: 2885: 2881: 2874: 2859: 2855: 2848: 2833: 2829: 2822: 2814: 2810: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2782: 2778: 2772: 2764: 2760: 2754: 2746: 2742: 2736: 2720: 2716: 2710: 2708: 2691: 2687: 2681: 2665: 2659: 2651: 2647: 2640: 2632: 2628: 2621: 2614: 2612: 2611: 2596: 2592: 2585: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2555: 2539: 2538: 2533: 2527: 2519: 2515: 2508: 2500: 2496: 2490: 2482: 2478: 2472: 2464: 2460: 2454: 2446: 2442: 2435: 2427: 2423: 2416: 2400: 2396: 2395: 2390: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2349: 2347: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2316: 2309:. 3 May 2012. 2308: 2304: 2298: 2290: 2284: 2280: 2273: 2265: 2261: 2255: 2253: 2236: 2232: 2226: 2211: 2204: 2198: 2196: 2187: 2183: 2177: 2170: 2166: 2163: 2158: 2150: 2146: 2140: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2110: 2102: 2098: 2091: 2075: 2071: 2065: 2063: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2040: 2036: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2013: 2005: 2001: 1994: 1992: 1983: 1977: 1973: 1966: 1958: 1952: 1948: 1941: 1939: 1930: 1924: 1920: 1913: 1905: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1884: 1876: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1860: 1851: 1843: 1837: 1833: 1826: 1818: 1812: 1808: 1801: 1793: 1787: 1783: 1776: 1768: 1762: 1758: 1751: 1735: 1734:The Economist 1731: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1688: 1686: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1630: 1629: 1624: 1618: 1616: 1607: 1601: 1597: 1590: 1588: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1564: 1562: 1553: 1549: 1542: 1540: 1532: 1520: 1516: 1509: 1501: 1494: 1492: 1475: 1471: 1465: 1457: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1415: 1414:The Economist 1411: 1405: 1390: 1386: 1379: 1371: 1365: 1361: 1354: 1352: 1343: 1339: 1332: 1324: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1303: 1296: 1292: 1286: 1282: 1275: 1267: 1261: 1257: 1250: 1246: 1238: 1234: 1232: 1226: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1199: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1183: 1178: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1165: 1160: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1145: 1142: 1138: 1135: 1131: 1129: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1108: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1076: 1074: 1069: 1067: 1063: 1061: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1039: 1037: 1036:Sheikh Hasina 1032: 1028: 1024: 1021: 1017: 1016: 1012:According to 1010: 1007: 1006:The Economist 1003: 1002:The Economist 999: 995: 991: 987: 986: 985:The Economist 979: 969: 967: 962: 961:The Economist 957: 954: 950: 945: 943: 939: 935: 920: 918: 914: 910: 900: 898: 894: 890: 880: 878: 877:Khulna region 874: 870: 866: 856: 854: 845: 843: 834: 832: 827: 818: 816: 812: 808: 798: 795: 786: 784: 783:Heart failure 780: 776: 771: 767: 763: 753: 749: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 702: 697: 694: 690: 680: 678: 673: 672:United States 669: 665: 660: 659:Sayeeda Warsi 656: 652: 647: 644: 643: 638: 624: 622: 618: 614: 609: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 574:East Pakistan 571: 567: 557: 554: 550: 547: 545: 540: 538: 537:Pakistan Army 534: 528: 526: 520: 516: 514: 508: 506: 502: 496: 494: 490: 486: 476: 474: 469: 466: 462: 458: 454: 444: 442: 438: 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During the 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 338:Pakistan Army 335: 331: 327: 315: 310: 308: 303: 301: 296: 295: 293: 292: 286: 283: 281: 278: 275: 274: 273:jus ad bellum 269: 266: 265: 263: 262: 258: 257: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 212: 210: 209: 205: 204: 198: 195: 194: 192: 191: 187: 186: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 151: 149: 148: 144: 143: 140: 137: 136: 128: 124: 119: 115: 111: 106: 103: 99: 95: 90: 86: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 60:Authorized by 58: 55: 51: 47: 44:22 March 2012 43: 39: 32: 27: 22: 19: 5838: 5536:Jagjivan Ram 5531:Swaran Singh 5475:Sartaj Singh 5322:Inamul Haque 5235:M. A. Hannan 5134:Ziaur Rahman 5060: 4923:Other events 4730:Mitro Bahini 4615:Afsar Bahini 4610:Baten Bahini 4605:Kader Bahini 4600:Mujib Bahini 4539:Mukti Bahini 4355:United Front 4350:Awami League 4103: 4084:fkdldllxICT2 4078:(judgments: 4058: 4049: 4040: 4018: 4009: 4000: 3990: 3981: 3972: 3960:. 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Retrieved 1388: 1378: 1359: 1341: 1331: 1312: 1309:Craig Baxter 1302: 1294: 1280: 1274: 1255: 1249: 1236: 1228: 1223: 1211: 1200: 1191:Jean Lambert 1182:Abdullah Gül 1179: 1172:, a British 1168: 1161: 1153: 1149:Stephen Rapp 1146: 1139: 1132: 1125: 1114: 1082: 1070: 1058: 1045: 1025: 1013: 1011: 1005: 1001: 983: 981: 960: 958: 946: 931: 906: 886: 862: 851: 840: 824: 804: 792: 759: 750: 698: 686: 648: 640: 635: 610: 563: 551: 548: 541: 529: 521: 517: 509: 497: 485:Awami League 482: 470: 450: 434: 426: 419: 415: 411:Jean Lambert 403: 396: 378: 366: 362:Awami League 329: 325: 323: 271: 250:Rome Statute 245:Protocol III 18: 5495:S. H. Sarma 5465:T. N. Raina 5460:Sagat Singh 5415:S. M. Nanda 5368:Ghulam Azam 5317:Ahmad Zamir 5312:Mitty Masud 4595:Gono Bahini 4330:East Bengal 3592:23 February 3530:13 December 3326:Prothom Alo 3024:Jagran Josh 2787:28 February 2725:12 December 2368:25 November 2335:29 December 1420:25 November 1394:28 February 1031:Ghulam Azam 942:Toby Cadman 911:politician 826:Ghulam Azam 821:Ghulam Azam 655:due process 642:in absentia 570:Ghulam Azam 560:Indictments 398:in absentia 352:during the 240:Protocol II 71:3 permanent 41:Established 5925:Categories 5860:Categories 5681:Categories 5607:War Report 5516:V. V. Giri 5383:Tridev Roy 5378:J.A. Rahim 5358:Nurul Amin 5302:A.O. Mitha 5282:A.K. Niazi 5277:S.M. Ahsan 5272:Tikka Khan 5267:Yahya Khan 5115:Bangladesh 4769:Cable 1971 4526:Bangladesh 4518:Combatants 4491:Combatants 4238:Joy Bangla 4201:Philosophy 4074:Homepage: 3962:5 November 3745:26 January 3717:26 January 3691:26 January 3586:Daily Star 3353:1 February 3261:2 November 3254:Al Jazeera 3068:23 October 2781:Al Jazeera 2745:Al Jazeera 2719:Al Jazeera 2696:7 February 2670:7 February 2601:28 October 2574:6 February 2564:Yahoo News 2544:6 February 2405:23 January 2358:UNBconnect 1707:26 January 1674:20 January 1635:26 January 1519:Al Jazeera 1242:References 1214:Irene Khan 1170:Steven Kay 934:Brad Adams 770:Bangladesh 718:Mymensingh 706:Chittagong 651:fair trial 621:Abdul Alim 465:war babies 447:Background 430:AC Nielsen 389:war crimes 268:Law of war 235:Protocol I 197:War crimes 188:Violations 5877:Aftermath 5567:Aftermath 5420:P. C. Lal 5332:K.M. Arif 4723:Air Force 4658:Air Force 4506:Massacres 4494:Campaigns 4233:Bangamata 3399:Arab News 3138:1 October 2968:16 August 2936:The Hindu 2858:Bloomberg 1697:Daily Sun 1111:Reactions 1060:Amar Desh 865:AKM Yusuf 859:AKM Yusuf 746:Narsingdi 738:Sunamganj 580:; deputy 126:Currently 113:Currently 97:Currently 5872:Genocide 5844:timeline 5504:Civilian 5403:Military 5341:Civilian 5260:Military 5253:Pakistan 5173:Civilian 5122:Military 4747:theaters 4689:Al-Shams 4679:Razakars 4637:Pakistan 4497:Theaters 4365:One Unit 4176:Timeline 3811:9 August 3787:9 August 3483:BBC News 3444:18 April 3382:9 August 3331:9 August 3303:20 March 3219:BBC News 3132:BBC News 3112:20 April 2910:BBC News 2597:. 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International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)

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