1104:
635:
1196:
1092:
2232:
off after both wars, but has increased once again in the last few decades, averaging 500 field staff in the 1980s and over a thousand in the 1990s. Beginning in the 1970s, the ICRC became more systematic in training to develop a more professional staff. The ICRC offers attractive careers for university graduates, especially in
Switzerland, but the workload as an ICRC employee is demanding. 15% of the staff leaves each year and 75% of employees stay less than three years. The ICRC staff is multi-national and averaged about 50% non-Swiss citizens in 2004. The ICRC's international staff are assisted in their work by some 15,000 national employees hired in the countries where the delegations are based.
622:
1223:, in memory of the organization's origins in the Battle of Solferino. An agreement with the Swiss government signed on 19 March 1993, affirmed the already long-standing policy of full independence of the committee from any possible interference by Switzerland. The agreement protects the full sanctity of all ICRC property in Switzerland including its headquarters and archive, grants members and staff legal immunity, exempts the ICRC from all taxes and fees, guarantees the protected and duty-free transfer of goods, services, and money, provides the ICRC with secure communication privileges at the same level as foreign embassies, and simplifies Committee travel in and out of Switzerland.
2200:
9473:
9643:
9577:
7495:
8874:
8416:
700:
8838:
648:
7440:
2214:
2088:
687:
7397:
713:
2371:, according to Fiona Terry, head of ICRC's operational research centre. Terry contends that "this is particularly true of ICRC, whose mandate, reputation, and discretion imbue its presence with a particularly affirming quality." Recognizing this power, the ICRC can pressure weak governments to change their behaviour by threatening to withdraw. As mentioned above, Nelson Mandela acknowledged that the ICRC compelled better treatment of prisoners and had leverage over his South African captors because "avoiding international condemnation was the authorities' main goal."
661:
7476:
409:. In a single day, about 40,000 soldiers on both sides died or were left wounded on the field. Henry Dunant was shocked by the terrible aftermath of the battle, the suffering of the wounded soldiers, and the near-total lack of medical attendance and basic care. He completely abandoned the original intent of his trip and for several days he devoted himself to helping with the treatment and care for the wounded. He succeeded in organizing an overwhelming level of relief assistance by motivating the local population to aid without discrimination. Back in his home in
9282:
9090:
7108:
9628:
596:
7265:
4794:
9458:
7647:
570:
8808:
827:
1853:
8760:
8368:
9198:
7072:
9613:
9114:
7538:
8982:
7373:
7593:
7205:
7702:
5642:
8668:
7507:
9294:
8596:
757:
814:, extended the scope of the Geneva Convention to naval warfare. Shortly before the beginning of the First World War in 1914, 50 years after the foundation of the ICRC and the adoption of the first Geneva Convention, there were already 45 national relief societies throughout the world. The movement had extended itself beyond Europe and North America to Central and South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, El Salvador, Uruguay, Venezuela), Asia (the Republic of China, Japan, Korea,
8705:
2293:, which the ICRC refused to accept as a protective symbol due to its ostensibly religious symbolism in a country marred by ethno-religious conflicts. This meant that although ambulances operated by Red Crescent societies were protected by the Geneva Conventions, those displaying the Star of David were not. In protest over the ICRC's stance, the American Red Cross withdrew its financial support. In 2005, at a meeting of nations party to the Geneva Conventions, the ICRC adopted a new symbol called
424:
9306:
8536:
947:
Geneva
Convention was adopted in 1925 which outlawed the use of suffocating or poisonous gases and biological agents as weapons. Four years later, the original Convention was revised and the second Geneva Convention "relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War" was established. The events of World War I and the respective activities of the ICRC significantly increased the reputation and authority of the Committee among the international community and led to an extension of its competencies.
6931:
1957:
Council and the
Assembly, but does not necessarily come from within the ICRC. There is a strong faction within the Assembly that wants to reach outside the organization to select a President from Swiss government or professional circles (such as banking or medicine). In fact, the four most recent Presidents were all previously officials for the Swiss government. The President's influence and role are not well-defined, and change depending upon the times and each President's personal style.
9562:
8260:
7906:
6938:
674:
9174:
9234:
9006:
8934:
8886:
7325:
2172:
2186:
9018:
8826:
8548:
8134:
7690:
7144:
7012:
6924:
8146:
2306:
2250:
7464:
8644:
9598:
9330:
9162:
9126:
8922:
8464:
8380:
8170:
8098:
7519:
7385:
7168:
7132:
8862:
8488:
8296:
8284:
7810:
9042:
8560:
8272:
9488:
9354:
8946:
8392:
7990:
7882:
7084:
2144:
2102:
8026:
583:
7822:
7180:
1597:
53:
9402:
8970:
8680:
8452:
8320:
7942:
7750:
7635:
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7349:
7313:
7277:
9150:
9138:
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8958:
8729:
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8122:
7738:
7452:
7361:
7774:
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8584:
8500:
8428:
8236:
8062:
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7954:
7870:
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7659:
7550:
7337:
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7192:
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9366:
9342:
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8476:
8224:
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7726:
7605:
7120:
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2158:
1773:
organizations like the
European Union. All payments to the ICRC are voluntary and are received as donations based on two types of appeals issued by the committee: an annual Headquarters Appeal to cover its internal costs and Emergency Appeals for its individual missions. In 2023, Ukraine is the ICRC's biggest humanitarian operation (at 316.5 million Swiss francs), followed by Afghanistan (218 million francs) and Syria (171.7 million francs).
9246:
9222:
8910:
8440:
8194:
8158:
8086:
8038:
7918:
7581:
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7217:
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609:
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366:
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986:
9528:
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8110:
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550:
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2130:
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1140:), accepted the assignment and visited the camps. Louis Haefliger prevented the forceful eviction or blasting of Mauthausen-Gusen by alerting American troops, thereby saving the lives of about 60,000 inmates. His actions were condemned by the ICRC because they were deemed as acting unduly on his own authority and risking the ICRC's neutrality. Only in 1990 was his reputation finally rehabilitated by ICRC President
1009:, of 28 October 1933. The activities of the committee were similar to those during World War I: visiting and monitoring POW camps, organizing relief assistance for civilian populations, and administering the exchange of messages regarding prisoners and missing persons. By the end of the war, 179 delegates had conducted 12,750 visits to POW camps in 41 countries. The Central Information Agency on Prisoners-of-War (
1192:, a new Convention "relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War," was established. Also, the additional protocols of 8 June 1977 were intended to make the conventions apply to internal conflicts such as civil wars. Today, the four conventions and their added protocols contain more than 600 articles, a remarkable expansion when compared to the mere 10 articles in the first 1864 convention.
2264:, but it has weathered some power struggles within the movement. The ICRC has come into conflict with the Federation and certain national societies at various times. The American Red Cross threatened to supplant the ICRC with its creation of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies as "a real international Red Cross" after the First World War. Elements of the
1831:. In the delegations, the international staff are assisted by some 15,000 national employees, bringing the total staff under the authority of the ICRC to roughly 18,000. Delegations also often work closely with the National Red Cross Societies of the countries where they are based, and thus can call on the volunteers of the National Red Cross to assist in some of the ICRC's operations.
1937:
Assembly meetings and for facilitating communication between the
Assembly and the Directorate. The Assembly Council normally includes the President, two Vice Presidents and two elected members. While one of the Vice Presidents is elected for a four-year term, the other is appointed permanently, his tenure ending by retirement from the vice presidency or from the committee. Currently
1729:
2007, almost half of ICRC staff was non-Swiss. The ICRC has special privileges and legal immunities in many countries, based on national law in these countries, based on agreements between the ICRC and the respective governments, or, in some cases, based on international jurisprudence (such as the right of ICRC delegates not to bear witness in front of international tribunals).
1188:. The 1929 Geneva convention "relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War" may have been the second Geneva Convention from a historical point of view (because it was actually formulated in Geneva), but after 1949 it came to be called the third Convention because it came later chronologically than the Hague Convention. Reacting to the experience of World War II, the
1786:
fewer donations in 2022 had put serious financial pressures on the world's leading international NGO that also supports the fair treatment of POWs during global conflicts. The recent overrepresentation of the
Ukrainian conflict in the international press had reduced the influx of donations to the international Red Cross. In May 2023, with a generous support by the
799:, a leading international pacifist. More significant than the honour of the prize itself, the official congratulation from the International Committee of the Red Cross marked the overdue rehabilitation of Henry Dunant and represented a tribute to his key role in the formation of the Red Cross. Dunant died nine years later in the small Swiss health resort of
3548:
the 39-year-old water and habitat engineer in the head and burned one car, warning two
Afghans accompanying him not to work for foreigners...Asked what action ICRC was taking, Bouvier explained that 'for the time being, the ICRC has decided to temporarily freeze all field trips in Afghanistan, calling all staff to the main delegation's offices.'
1334:, the ICRC's work actually became more dangerous. In the 1990s, more delegates lost their lives than at any point in its history, especially when working in local and internal armed conflicts. These incidents often demonstrated a lack of respect for the rules of the Geneva Conventions and their protection symbols. Among the slain delegates were:
1844:
and
Information Management", and "International Law and Cooperation within the Movement". The members of the Directorate are appointed by the Assembly to serve for four years. The Director-General has assumed more personal responsibility in recent years, much like a CEO, where he was formerly more of a first among equals at the Directorate.
1964:, a reclusive man who rarely made diplomatic appearances, but was quite skilled in personal negotiation and comfortable with the dynamics of the Assembly. Since July 2012, the President has been Peter Maurer, a Swiss citizen who is a former Secretary for Foreign Affairs. He was appointed by the Assembly for a renewable four-year term.
784:. More and more countries signed the Geneva Convention and began to respect it in practice during armed conflicts. In a rather short period of time, the Red Cross gained huge momentum as an internationally respected movement, and the national societies became increasingly popular as a venue for volunteer work.
1777:
Denmark (26), Belgium (25), Ireland (18), Austria (17), Luxembourg (14), Finland (13), Spain (12), Italy (12), and New
Zealand (10). The ICRC budget is becoming increasingly fragile due to its over-reliance on European and North American governments, little private contributions and very little funding from
3563:
1712:
within the territory of
Switzerland for many years. On 19 March 1993, a legal foundation for this special treatment was created by a formal agreement between the Swiss government and the ICRC. This agreement protects the full sanctity of all ICRC property in Switzerland including its headquarters and
875:
with scenes from the POW camps. The pictures showed the prisoners in day-to-day activities such as the distribution of letters from home. The intention of the ICRC was to provide the families of the prisoners with some hope and solace and to alleviate their uncertainties about the fate of their loved
725:
The convention contained ten articles, establishing for the first time legally binding rules guaranteeing neutrality and protection for wounded soldiers, field medical personnel, and specific humanitarian institutions in an armed conflict. Furthermore, the convention defined two specific requirements
1936:
Furthermore, the Assembly elects a five-member Assembly Council that constitutes an especially active core of the Assembly. The Council meets at least ten times per year and has the authority to decide on behalf of the full Assembly in some matters. The council is also responsible for organizing the
1843:
The Directorate is the executive body of the ICRC. It attends to the daily management of the ICRC, whereas the Assembly sets policy. The Directorate consists of a Director-General and five directors in the areas of "Operations", "Human Resources", "Financial Resources and Logistics ", "Communication
1785:
In March 2023, the ICRC had reported a serious decline in contributions and announced cuts of CHF430 million for 2023 and 2024 with a resulting lay-off of 1,800 jobs at the headquarters and in delegations worldwide. The overall budget has almost doubled in ten years from CHF1.18 billion in 2012. But
1776:
In 2021, the top donors (>10 million Swiss Francs) to the ICRC were: the United States (544) followed by Germany (247), Switzerland (156), the United Kingdom (153), the European Commission (129), Sweden (93), Norway (87), Canada (66), Japan (51), the Netherlands (46), France (45), Australia (35),
1492:
with local colleagues on 27 March 2003 when their car was stopped by unknown armed men. He was killed execution-style at point-blank range while his colleagues were allowed to escape. He was 39 years old. The killing prompted the ICRC to temporarily suspend operations across Afghanistan. Thereby the
1183:
On 12 August 1949, further revisions to the existing two Geneva Conventions were adopted. An additional convention "for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea", now called the second Geneva Convention, was brought under the Geneva Convention
1083:
Swiss historian Jean-Claude Favez, who conducted an 8-year review of the Red Cross records, says that even though the Red Cross knew by November 1942 about the Nazi's annihilation plans for the Jews â and even discussed it with U.S. officials â the group did nothing to inform the public, maintaining
1040:
During the war, the ICRC failed to obtain an agreement with Nazi Germany about the treatment of detainees in concentration camps, and it eventually abandoned applying pressure to avoid disrupting its work with POWs. There was no public condemnation of treatment in concentration camps, and a proposed
950:
As early as in 1934, a draft proposal for an additional convention for the protection of the civil population during an armed conflict was adopted by the International Red Cross Conference. Unfortunately, most governments had little interest in implementing this convention, and it was thus prevented
937:
It should be in reality, and not merely in name an International Committee, a Committee on which there will be representatives from all countries, instead of, as at present, a committee consisting of amiable but somewhat ineffective Geneva gentlemen. That which calls itself "international" has grown
859:
were used in this war for the first time in history, the ICRC vigorously protested against this new type of warfare. Even without having a mandate from the Geneva Conventions, the ICRC tried to ameliorate the suffering of civil populations. In territories that were officially designated as "occupied
775:
In the following years, national societies were founded in nearly every country in Europe. The project resonated well with patriotic sentiments that were on the rise in the late-nineteenth-century, and national societies were often encouraged as signifiers of national moral superiority. In 1876, the
3547:
Ricardo Munguia, a Swiss citizen of Salvadorian origin was travelling with Afghan colleagues on an assignment to improve the water supply to the district. He was shot in cold blood on Thursday by a group of unidentified assailants who stopped the vehicles transporting them...the assailants had shot
2231:
As the ICRC has grown and become more directly involved in conflicts, it has seen an increase in professional staff rather than volunteers over the years. The ICRC had only twelve employees in 1914 and 1,900 in the Second World War complemented its 1,800 volunteers. The number of paid staff dropped
1728:
it does not have a policy of open and unrestricted membership for individuals as its new members are selected by the Committee itself (a process called cooptation). However, since the early 1990s, the ICRC employs persons from all over the world to serve in its field mission and at Headquarters. In
1234:
in 1995 but admitted, "We must acknowledge that despite our efforts to help thousands of civilians forcibly expelled from the town and despite the dedication of our colleagues on the spot, the ICRC's impact on the unfolding of the tragedy was extremely limited." It went public once again in 2007 to
997:
The most reliable primary source on the role of the Red Cross during World War II are the three volumes of the "Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross on its activities during the second world war (September 1, 1939 â June 30, 1947)" written by the International Committee of the Red
946:
In 1923, the Committee adopted a change in its policy regarding the selection of new members. Until then, only citizens from the city of Geneva could serve in the committee. This limitation was expanded to include Swiss citizens. As a direct consequence of World War I, an additional protocol to the
834:
With the outbreak of World War I, the ICRC found itself confronted with enormous challenges which it could only handle by working closely with the national Red Cross societies. Red Cross nurses from around the world, including the United States and Japan, came to support the medical services of the
557:
Only one year later, the Swiss government invited the governments of all European countries, as well as the United States, Brazil, and Mexico, to attend an official diplomatic conference. Sixteen countries sent a total of twenty-six delegates to Geneva. On 22 August 1864, the conference adopted the
467:
Eight days later, on 17 February 1863, the five men held the first meeting of the Sub-committee and decided the Sub-committee should declare itself constituted a "Permanent International Committee", which would thus continue to exist as an "International Committee for Relief of Wounded in the event
439:
held a meeting where it was decided to give serious consideration to the suggestions made in Dunant's book and appointed five of its members to form a Sub-committee charged with the preparation of a Memorandum on these matters for submission to the Welfare Congress to be held in Berlin in September
419:
which he published with his own money in 1862. He sent copies of the book to leading political and military figures throughout Europe. In addition to penning a vivid description of his experiences in Solferino in 1859, he explicitly advocated the formation of national voluntary relief organizations
2268:
desired to supplant the Swiss authority of the ICRC after WWII. Over time the Swedish sentiments subsided, and the IFRC grew to work more harmoniously with the ICRC after years of organizational discord. Currently, the IFRC's Movement Cooperation division organizes interaction and cooperation with
2240:
The ICRC operates in over 80 countries with a total number of 18,000 employed people worldwide. The extensive network of ICRC missions and delegations can help to relieve nations affected by conflict and violence. Over the past few years, the ICRC's largest operations have typically been in Yemen,
1552:
Lorena Enebral-Perez. She was a physiotherapy specialist and requested a mission in Afghanistan where she could focus on children with disabilities. On 11 September 2017, while working at the ICRC's physical rehabilitation centre in Mazar-i-Sharif, Lorena was shot by a patient in a wheelchair. She
1511:
Emmerich Pregetter (Austria). He was an ICRC Logistics Specialist who was killed by a swarm of bees on 11 August 2008. Emmerich was participating in a field trip along with the ICRC Water and Habitat team on a convoy which was delivering construction material for reconstruction of a rural surgical
843:
in monetary donations to POWs of all affected countries. Furthermore, due to the intervention of the Agency, about 200,000 prisoners were exchanged between the warring parties, released from captivity and returned to their home country. The organizational card index of the Agency accumulated about
772:
public opinion, combined with an ongoing conflict with Gustave Moynier, led to Dunant's expulsion from his position as a member and secretary. He was charged with fraudulent bankruptcy and a warrant for his arrest was issued. Thus, he was forced to leave Geneva and never returned to his home city.
1956:
The Assembly also selects, for a term of four years, one individual to act as President of the ICRC. The President is both a member of the Assembly and the leader of the ICRC, and has always been included on the Council since its formation. The President automatically becomes a member of both the
1772:
The 2023 budget of the ICRC amounts to 2.5 billion Swiss francs. Most of that money comes from states, including Switzerland in its capacity as the depositary state of the Geneva Conventions, from national Red Cross societies, the signatory states of the Geneva Conventions, and from international
1147:
In 1944, the ICRC received its second Nobel Peace Prize. As in World War I, it received the only Peace Prize awarded during the main period of war, 1939 to 1945. At the end of the war, the ICRC worked with national Red Cross societies to organize relief assistance to those countries most severely
771:
Also in 1867, Henry Dunant was forced to declare bankruptcy due to business failures in Algeria, partly because he had neglected his business interests during his tireless activities for the International Committee. The controversy surrounding Dunant's business dealings and the resulting negative
1860:
The Assembly (also called the committee) convenes on a regular basis and is responsible for defining aims, guidelines, and strategies and for supervising the financial matters of the committee. The Assembly has a membership of a maximum of twenty-five Swiss citizens. Members must speak the house
942:
The League was established in 1919 with Davison as its chairman. However, "Swiss aloofness or unilateralism was hard to overcome", and the relationship between the ICRC and the League became, and remained, a problem for years to come. The untimely death of Davison in 1922 after an operation will
1822:
and has external offices called Delegations (or in rare cases, "missions") in about eighty countries. Each delegation is under the responsibility of a Head of delegation who is the official representative of the ICRC in the country. Of its 3,000 professional employees, roughly 1,000 work in its
1255:
and the need to keep the memory of it alive, so as to prevent any repetition of it. He paid tribute to all those who had suffered or lost their lives during the war and publicly regretted the past mistakes and shortcomings of the Red Cross with regard to the victims of the concentration camps.
1834:
The organizational structure of the ICRC is not well understood by outsiders. This is partly because of organizational secrecy, but also because the structure itself has been prone to frequent change. The Assembly and Presidency are two long-standing institutions, but the Assembly Council and
1044:
After November 1943, the ICRC achieved permission to send parcels to concentration camp detainees with known names and locations. Because the notices of receipt for these parcels were often signed by other inmates, the ICRC managed to register the identities of about 105,000 detainees in the
471:
Among other activities, the Committee organized an international conference in Geneva in October (26â29) 1863 to develop possible measures to improve medical services on the battlefield. The conference was attended by 36 individuals: eighteen official delegates from national governments, six
1623:
Under the Geneva Convention, the red cross, red crescent and red crystal emblems provide protection for military medical services and relief workers in armed conflicts and is to be placed on humanitarian and medical vehicles and buildings. The original emblem that has a red cross on a white
1087:
Because the Red Cross was based in Geneva and largely funded by the Swiss government, it was very sensitive to Swiss wartime attitudes and policies. In October 1942, the Swiss government and the Red Cross' board of members vetoed a proposal by several Red Cross board members to condemn the
1640:
The official mission statement says that: "The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is an impartial, neutral, and independent organization whose exclusively humanitarian mission is to protect the lives and dignity of victims of war and internal violence and to provide them with
750:
1454:
Fernanda Calado (Spain), Ingeborg Foss (Norway), Nancy Malloy (Canada), Gunnhild Myklebust (Norway), Sheryl Thayer (New Zealand), and Hans Elkerbout (Netherlands). They were shot at point-blank range while sleeping in the early hours of 17 December 1996 in the ICRC field hospital in the
1308:
Auschwitz also represents the greatest failure in the history of the ICRC, aggravated by its lack of decisiveness in taking steps to aid the victims of Nazi persecution. This failure will remain part of the ICRC's memory, as will the courageous acts of individual ICRC delegates at the
1207:, received its third Nobel Peace Prize. Since 1993, non-Swiss individuals have been allowed to serve as Committee delegates abroad, a task which was previously restricted to Swiss citizens. Indeed, since then, the share of staff without Swiss citizenship has increased to about 35%.
1865:
for a period of four years, and there is no limit to the number of terms an individual member can serve. A three-quarters majority vote from all members is required for re-election after the third term, which acts as a motivation for members to remain active and productive.
1041:
1942 appeal on the conduct of hostilities was abandoned. In addition, the ICRC failed to develop a response to reliable information about the extermination camps and the mass killing of European Jews. This is still considered the greatest failure of the ICRC in its history.
6805:
1496:
Vatche Arslanian (Canada). Since 2001, he worked as a logistics coordinator for the ICRC mission in Iraq. He died when he was travelling through Baghdad together with members of the Iraqi Red Crescent. Their car accidentally came into the crossfire of fighting in the
1713:
archive, grants members and staff legal immunity, exempts the ICRC from all taxes and fees, guarantees protected and duty-free transfer of goods, services, and money, provides the ICRC with secure communication privileges at the same level as foreign
864:'s "Laws and Customs of War on Land" of 1907. This convention was also the legal basis for the ICRC's work for prisoners of war. In addition to the work of the International Prisoner-of-War Agency as described above this included inspection visits to
544:
The introduction of a common distinctive protection symbol for medical personnel in the field, namely a white armlet bearing a red cross, honouring the history of neutrality of Switzerland and of its own Swiss organizers by reversing the Swiss flag's
1806:(the Federation, or IFRC). The ICRC and the Federation cooperate with the individual national societies in their international missions, especially with human, material, and financial resources and organizing on-site logistics. According to the 1997
2276:
which further defined the responsibilities of both organizations within the movement. According to the agreement, the Federation is the lead agency of the movement in any emergency situation which does not take place as part of an armed conflict.
1835:
Directorate were created only in the latter part of the twentieth century. Decisions are often made in a collective way, so authority and power relationships are not set in stone. Today, the leading organs are the Directorate and the Assembly.
1810:, the ICRC is the lead Red Cross agency in conflicts while other organizations within the movement take the lead in non-war situations. National societies will be given the lead especially when a conflict is happening within their own country.
420:
to help nurse wounded soldiers in the case of war. In addition, he called for the development of international treaties to guarantee the neutrality and protection of those wounded on the battlefield as well as medics and field hospitals.
9633:
1291:
finally, to establish the historical facts of the case, the ICRC invited Jean-Claude Favez to carry out an independent investigation of its activities on behalf of the victims of Nazi persecution, and gave him unfettered access to the
844:
7 million records from 1914 to 1923, each card representing an individual prisoner or missing person. The card index led to the identification of about 2 million POWs and the ability to contact their families, as part of the
6820:
1612:("Amidst War, Charity"). It has preserved this motto while other Red Cross organizations have adopted others. Due to Geneva's location in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, the ICRC is also known under its initial French name
6451:
839:) Agency, which had about 1,200 mostly volunteer staff members by the end of 1914. By the end of the war, the Agency had transferred about 20 million letters and messages, 1.9 million parcels, and about 18 million
1115:
accepting the ICRC's demand to allow delegates to visit the concentration camps. This agreement was bound by the condition that these delegates would have to stay in the camps until the end of the war. Ten delegates, among them
1474:, formerly Zaire), Julio Delgado (Colombia), Unen Ufoirworth (DR Congo), Aduwe Boboli (DR Congo), and Jean Molokabonge (DR Congo). On 26 April 2001, they were en route with two cars on a relief mission in the northeast of the
1781:
countries. By way of example, in 2021, the United States provided the ICRC over 544 million Swiss Francs, while the Russian Federation provided 1 million, China 710,000, South Africa 225,106 and Brasil made no contribution.
1148:
affected. In 1948, the Committee published a report reviewing its war-era activities from 1 September 1939 to 30 June 1947. Since January 1996, the ICRC archive for this period has been open to academic and public research.
1536:
Laurent Du Pasquier (Switzerland). He was an Administration and Finance Manager in the city of Donetsk in Eastern Ukraine. He was killed by a shell which landed close to the ICRC's office on 2 October 2014. He was 38 years
9567:
6463:
6754:
6324:
6629:
6491:
884:
as its "High Commissioner for Repatriation of the War Prisoners". His legal mandate was later extended to support and care for war refugees and displaced persons when his office became that of the League of Nations
1632:. The Red Crescent was adopted by the Ottoman Empire during the Russo-Turkish war and the Red Crystal by the governments in 2005, as an additional emblem devoid of any national, political or religious connotation.
6600:
6059:
5373:
1319:
1218:
for its assembly sessions and sub-committee meetings, the first observer status given to a private organization. The resolution was jointly proposed by 138 member states and introduced by the Italian ambassador,
9463:
6320:
8601:
8433:
9648:
7481:
6499:
1680:
The ICRC drew up seven fundamental principles in 1965 that were adopted by the entire Red Cross Movement. They are humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, volunteerism, unity, and universality.
8843:
2838:
1920:
While the rest of the Red Cross Movement may be multi-national, the Committee believes that its mono-national nature is an asset because the nationality in question is Swiss. Thanks to permanent Swiss
971:
in 1932. During the war the ICRC visited 18,000 Bolivian prisoners of war and 2,500 Paraguayan detainees. With the help of the ICRC both countries made improvements to the conditions of the detainees.
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and thus accepting it into the movement. The exact rules for recognition are defined in the statutes of the movement. After recognition by the ICRC, a national society is admitted as a member to the
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1577:
On 12 September 2024, three ICRC staff were killed after shelling hit an aid distribution site in Donetsk region. Another two were wounded. Their names have not yet been disclosed to the public.
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of 1949, as well as its own Statutes. The ICRC also undertakes tasks that are not specifically mandated by law, such as visiting political prisoners outside of conflict and providing relief in
855:
During the entire war, the ICRC monitored warring parties' compliance with the Geneva Conventions of the 1907 revision and forwarded complaints about violations to the respective country. When
472:
delegates from other non-governmental organizations, seven non-official foreign delegates, and the five members of the committee. The states and kingdoms represented by official delegates were
6572:
1823:
Geneva headquarters and 2,000 expatriates work in the field. About half of the field workers serve as delegates managing ICRC operations, while the other half are specialists such as doctors,
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who are more willing to expose abuses and apply public pressure to governments. The ICRC reasons that this approach allows it greater access and cooperation from governments in the long run.
2294:
453:
9143:
9011:
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6608:
4767:, President of the ICRC from 1987 to 1999, donated four hours of high-definition audiovisual life story interviews to Legacy. The ICRC audiovisual library houses copies of these interviews.
2333:
and improvement in their treatment. Its findings are not available to the general public but are shared only with the relevant government. This is in contrast to related organizations like
898:
A year before the end of the war, the ICRC received the 1917 Nobel Peace Prize for its outstanding wartime work. It was the only Nobel Peace Prize awarded in the period from 1914 to 1918.
9335:
8373:
8175:
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Terry, F. (2011). The international committee of the red cross in Afghanistan: Reasserting the neutrality of humanitarian action. International Review of the Red Cross, 93(881), 175. doi:
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ones. After the end of the war, the ICRC organized the return of about 420,000 prisoners to their home countries. In 1920, the task of repatriation was handed over to the newly founded
436:
4238:
2297:. Magen David Adom then reworked their symbol by placing the Star of David sign inside the Red Crystal shape, following which it was accepted as a full member of the Movement in 2006.
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1013:) had a staff of 3,000, the card index tracking prisoners contained 45 million cards, and 120 million messages were exchanged by the Agency. One major obstacle was that the
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1616:(CICR). However, the ICRC has three official languages (English, French and Spanish). The official symbol of the ICRC is the Red Cross on white background (the inverse of the
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persecution of civilians by the Nazis. For the rest of the war, the Red Cross took its cues from Switzerland in avoiding acts of opposition or confrontation with the Nazis.
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armed forces of the European countries involved in the war. On 15 October 1914, immediately after the start of the war, the ICRC set up its International Prisoners-of-War (
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7803:
803:. Only two months earlier his long-standing adversary Gustave Moynier had also died, leaving a mark in the history of the committee as its longest-serving President ever.
4035:
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Emmanuel Lukudu, Ghulam Maqsood, Ghulam Rasoul, Ghulam Mortaza, Ahmad Khalid, Najibullah Sahebzada, Sayed Shah-Agha. They were killed on 8 February 2017 in Afghanistan.
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9251:
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of 1870â71 showed that even Red Cross actors (in this case National Societies) can be so bound by nationalism that they are unable to sustain neutral humanitarianism.
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An unrivalled source of international research, analysis and debate on all aspects of humanitarian law, in armed conflict and other situations of collective violence.
1266:
from an ethical point of view, the adoption of the declaration of the Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, building on the distinguished work of
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systems for casualties and no safe and protected institutions to accommodate and treat those who were wounded on the battlefield. In June 1859, the Swiss businessman
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dating back more than 50 years; having gone over the conclusions of Favez's work, the ICRC acknowledged its past failings and expressed its regrets in this regard.
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pressed for the creation of an international organization to coordinate the work of the different national Red Cross societies. Based on his recommendation, the
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1741:, primarily comprising the four Geneva Conventions of 1949, their two Additional Protocols of 1977 and Additional Protocol III of 2005, the Statutes of the
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5846:
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749:, became the first independent and neutral delegates to work under the symbol of the Red Cross in an armed conflict. Three years later in 1867, the first
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concerns the protection of civilians in time of war. In addition, there are many more customary international laws that come into effect when necessary.
980:
348:. It is the oldest and most honoured organization within the movement and one of the most widely recognized organizations in the world, having won three
6621:
3005:
The Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross on its activities during the second world war (September 1, 1939 â June 30, 1947) Geneva 1948
1493:
assumption that ICRC's reputation for neutrality and effective work in Afghanistan over the past thirty years would protect its delegates was shattered.
933:. Davison, wanted the League of Red Cross Societies to supersede the ICRC in controlling the Red Cross action in international affairs. He argued that:
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from a legal point of view, the work that led to the adoption of the Geneva Convention relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war;
1117:
337:
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9287:
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committee adopted the name "International Committee of the Red Cross" (ICRC), which is still its official designation today. Five years later, the
3769:
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2028:
1938:
1220:
1133:
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and universal humanitarian principles. The core tasks of the committee, which are derived from the Geneva Conventions and its own statutes are:
562:"for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field". Representatives of 12 states and kingdoms signed the convention:
6528:
6421:
6344:
4779:
4104:
3051:
2009:
393:
with the intention of discussing difficulties in conducting business in Algeria, at that time occupied by France. When he arrived in the small
114:
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decry "major human rights abuses" by Burma's military government including forced labour, starvation, and murder of men, women, and children.
10484:
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Frédéric Maurice. He died on 19 May 1992 at the age of 39, one day after a Red Cross transport he was escorting was attacked in the former
345:
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5018:
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83:
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Nadisha Yasassri Ranmuthu (Sri Lanka). He was killed by unknown attackers on 22 July 2003, when his car was fired upon near the city of
11687:
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5229:
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The Imperiled Red Cross and the Palestine Eretz Yisrael Conflict: The Influence of Institutional Concerns on A Humanitarian Operation.
1717:, and simplifies Committee travel in and out of Switzerland. On the other hand, Switzerland does not recognize ICRC-issued passports.
737:
Directly following the establishment of the Geneva Convention, the first national societies were founded in Belgium, Denmark, France,
10772:
9694:
6503:
5950:
5911:
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1002:
1790:, the ICRC is receiving 40 million CHF in additional donations to support its crucial and life-saving activities on all continents.
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2199:
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International humanitarian law is founded upon the Geneva conventions, the first of which was signed in 1864 by 16 countries. The
10636:
8813:
6088:
5808:
4719:
3335:
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2344:
When granted only partial access, the ICRC takes what it can get and keeps discreetly lobbying for greater access. In the era of
8879:
2899:
Dromi, Shai M. (2016). "For good and country: nationalism and the diffusion of humanitarianism in the late nineteenth century".
1021:
refused to cooperate with the Geneva statutes including blatant violations such as the deportation of Jews from Germany and the
11717:
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11014:
7306:
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9203:
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Forsythe, David P. (1993), "Choices More Ethical Than Legal: The International Committee of the Red Cross and Human Rights",
4275:
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3189:
3163:
2935:
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2213:
895:
for stateless refugees and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1922, appointed two delegates from the ICRC as his deputies.
742:
1107:
A sick Polish survivor in the Hannover-Ahlem concentration camp receives medicine from a German Red Cross worker, April 1945
9687:
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6689:
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relating to this period; out of concern for transparency, the ICRC also decided to give all other historians access to its
730:
The national society must be recognized by its own national government as a relief society according to the convention, and
521:
3445:
2707:
2087:
1624:
background is the exact reverse of the flag of neutral Switzerland. It was later supplemented by two others which are the
9710:
6385:
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5767:
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1121:
1304:
In an official statement made on 27 January 2005, the 60th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz, the ICRC stated:
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10151:
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8673:
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2/2003, German Red Cross and Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict, p. 64â77, ISSN 0937-5414
4327:
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2711:
1161:
406:
4496:
International Organization and the Evolution of World Society. Volume 2: The International Committee of the Red Cross.
1037:, were not party to the 1929 Geneva Conventions and were not legally required to follow the rules of the conventions.
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Angela Bennett: The Geneva Convention. The Hidden Origins of the Red Cross. Sutton Publishing, Gloucestershire 2005,
1721:
1185:
1129:
861:
807:
1884:(1887-1963), was co-opted in 1918, but resigned already in 1922 when she moved to Germany. She was succeeded by the
1527:
Dieudonné Ruhamanyi, Pascal Barholere. They were killed on 20 November 2013 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
9576:
8837:
7494:
6684:
1226:
The ICRC continued its activities throughout the 1990s. It broke its customary media silence when it denounced the
1058:
6376:
3232:
StarmĂŒhler, Johannes (2008). "Louis Haefliger und die Befreiung des Konzentrationslagers Mauthausen" (in German).
2289:
organization, the Israeli equivalent to the Red Cross, was not accepted as part of the Federation, as it used the
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1195:
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541:
The organization of additional conferences to enact these concepts in legally binding international treaties; and
2835:"Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field. Geneva, 22 August 1864"
2633:
11707:
11499:
11275:
11060:
8939:
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5901:
5803:
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2489:
2368:
2257:
1738:
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1646:
886:
4704:
HumanitĂ€res Völkerrecht â Informationsschriften. The Journal of International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict.
3986:
1970:
took over the office from Peter Maurer on 1 October 2022, becoming the first woman to serve in this position.
943:
undoubtedly have had an adverse impact on the leagueâs ability to counter what he saw as Swiss intransigence.
868:. A total of 524 camps throughout Europe were visited by 41 delegates from the ICRC until the end of the war.
10660:
8625:
7683:
5937:
5137:
4941:
2334:
2171:
1659:
to supervise the treatment of prisoners of war and make confidential interventions with detaining authorities
1285:
910:
8873:
6368:
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4800:
UC San Diego, Holocaust Living History Collection: Missing: The Fate of the Nazi Concentration Camp Archives
3308:
938:
rather provincial⊠New blood, new methods, a new and more comprehensive outlook, these things are necessary.
528:. Among the proposals written in the final resolutions of the conference, adopted on 29 October 1863, were:
8903:
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8277:
8007:
7995:
7161:
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5752:
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5157:
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1571:
Saidi Kayiranga, Ahmed Wazir, Hamid Al-Qadami, John Kaka. They were killed on 20 March 2020 in South Sudan.
1475:
1471:
1244:
6224:
4702:
David P. Forsythe: "The International Committee of the Red Cross and International Humanitarian Law." In:
3830:
2185:
1917:
has been about 15%. The first non-Genevans were admitted in 1923, and one Jew has served in the Assembly.
1892:
11737:
10544:
9275:
8999:
8951:
8739:
8457:
8163:
7755:
7330:
7017:
6596:
5444:
5404:
5117:
4989:
1281:
on a political level, the ICRC's relationship with Switzerland was redesigned to ensure its independence;
4760:
3496:
2313:
ceremony in 1963 when the prize was jointly awarded to the ICRC and the Federation. From left to right:
1913:
In recent decades, several women have attained the Vice Presidency, and the female proportion after the
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9825:
9538:
9498:
9407:
9383:
9371:
8753:
8589:
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5198:
5167:
3766:
3526:
2143:
2101:
2045:
760:
Memorial commemorating the first use of the Red Cross symbol in an armed conflict during the Battle of
679:
501:
4717:
International Committee of the Red Cross: "Discover the ICRC", ICRC, Geneva, 2007, 2nd edition, 53 pp.
4693:
The Sound of Silence: The History of the International Committee of the Red Cross as Past and Present.
3460:
2861:
2793:
1259:
In 2002, an ICRC official outlined some of the lessons the organization has learned from the failure:
11495:
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1924:, conflicting parties can be sure that no one from "the enemy" will be setting policy in Geneva. The
1756:
asks for the protection and care for the wounded, sick and shipwrecked of armed conflict at sea. The
1284:
with a view to keeping memories alive, the ICRC accepted, in 1955, to take over the direction of the
1137:
1046:
792:
6881:
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3258:
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2157:
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1189:
738:
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3124:
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11362:
11144:
10391:
9191:
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8637:
8529:
8265:
8115:
8031:
7851:
7390:
6393:
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6307:
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5714:
5555:
4863:
4638:" 344 pages. Kegan Paul International. @ The Graduate Institute of International Studies Geneva.
2513:
2458:
2428:
2077:
1967:
1881:
1757:
1670:
733:
The national government of the respective country must be a state party to the Geneva Convention.
428:
171:
4107:(in German). Zurich, Switzerland: SRG, German Swiss Broadcasting Corporation. 25 November 2021.
4079:"Mirjana Spoljaric Egger assumes the presidency of the International Committee of the Red Cross"
2115:
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11347:
11314:
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10983:
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10021:
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9155:
8337:
7767:
7264:
6285:
6112:
5535:
5363:
5112:
4524:
History of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Volume II: From Sarajevo to Hiroshima.
4053:"The International Committee of the Red Cross elects Mirjana Spoljaric Egger as next president"
3003:
2464:
1979:
1861:
language of French, but many also speak English and German as well. These Assembly members are
1852:
1663:
845:
746:
457:
195:
4510:
History of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Volume I: From Solferino to Tsushima.
2977:
2733:
764:(Denmark) in 1864; jointly erected in 1989 by the national Red Cross societies of Denmark and
11732:
11113:
11069:
10816:
10448:
10060:
9801:
9215:
9059:
8831:
8807:
8553:
8541:
8187:
7475:
7041:
6870:
6850:
6182:
6082:
5945:
5540:
5497:
5419:
5337:
5097:
4904:
4387:
3245:
3096:
2440:
2404:
2338:
2003:
1997:
1582:
1267:
902:
415:
374:
20:
2241:
Syria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Iraq and more recently, Ethiopia.
11558:
10931:
9917:
9837:
9749:
9582:
9281:
9227:
8710:
8565:
8289:
7887:
7431:
7113:
6764:
6549:
6417:
6389:
6360:
6174:
5266:
5033:
2129:
1467:. Their murderers have never been caught and there was no apparent motive for the killings.
653:
640:
588:
493:
481:
473:
381:
Up until the middle of the 19th century, there were no organized and well-established army
6592:
6348:
6259:
5132:
4267:
4261:
3581:"Ukraine: 3 ICRC staff killed after shelling hits aid distribution site in Donetsk region"
1745:, and the resolutions of the International Conferences of the Red Cross and Red Crescent.
1368:
Alain Bieri, André Tieche, Charles Chatora. They were killed on 18 March 1978 in Zimbabwe.
830:
French postcard celebrating the role of Red Cross nurses during the First World War, 1915.
448:, who had significant experience working as a field surgeon; Appia's friend and colleague
8:
9737:
9493:
9323:
9197:
8975:
8915:
8613:
8445:
8253:
8025:
7971:
7652:
7572:
7457:
7354:
7318:
7294:
7089:
7071:
6540:
6434:
6186:
6039:
5550:
5214:
4898:
4793:
1925:
1798:
The ICRC is responsible for legally recognizing a relief society as an official national
1709:
1617:
1211:
1169:
1112:
1045:
concentration camps and delivered about 1.1 million parcels, primarily to the camps
1026:
800:
796:
692:
402:
10628:
10576:
10271:
10009:
2479:
1899:
1395:
Juanito Patong, Walter Berweger. They were killed on 19 January 1990 in the Philippines.
806:
In 1906, the 1864 Geneva Convention was revised for the first time. One year later, the
449:
11284:
11075:
10961:
10883:
10209:
10135:
10052:
9947:
9781:
9773:
9311:
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8211:
7947:
7863:
7731:
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7378:
7258:
7234:
7125:
7053:
7029:
6299:
6212:
6150:
6132:
6120:
6094:
5980:
5965:
5955:
5709:
5107:
4915:
4764:
4308:
4304:
3786:
Council of the European Union â Schengen Visa Working Party â Table of travel documents
3675:
3640:
3379:
3076:
3043:
2507:
2470:
2452:
2364:
2261:
2065:
2059:
1961:
1714:
1694:
1248:
1141:
906:
777:
705:
559:
509:
489:
477:
4716:
3332:
3273:
Quakers in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: The Dilemmas of NGO Humanitarian Activism
2680:
1948:
In 2019, Christine Beerli retired and Gilles Carbonnier was appointed vice-president.
1353:
Georges Olivet. He was killed on 13 December 1961 in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
11564:
11519:
11322:
11295:
11086:
10857:
10742:
10560:
10255:
10239:
10201:
9982:
9974:
9853:
9813:
9714:
9679:
9653:
9299:
9083:
9035:
8801:
8409:
8199:
8067:
8055:
7821:
7779:
7701:
7414:
7342:
7210:
7197:
6810:
6430:
6218:
6194:
6190:
6178:
6162:
6154:
5841:
5627:
5454:
5302:
5061:
4774:
4654:
4639:
4621:
4606:
4592:
4577:
4569:
4555:
4541:
4527:
4513:
4499:
4485:
4484:
Henry Dunant Institute, Geneva in association with Paul Haupt Publishers, Bern 1993,
4471:
4457:
4416:
4410:
4360:
4312:
4271:
3645:
3627:
3276:
3211:
3185:
3159:
3047:
2931:
2867:
2818:
2649:
2392:
2310:
2273:
2265:
1807:
1705:
1484:(El Salvador). He was working as a water engineer in Afghanistan and travelling from
1111:
On 12 March 1945, ICRC President Jacob Burckhardt received a message from SS General
877:
848:
effort of the organization. The complete index is on loan today from the ICRC to the
826:
788:
751:
International Conference of National Aid Societies for the Nursing of the War Wounded
517:
349:
298:
235:
183:
9905:
4052:
2329:
directly and relies on low-key and confidential negotiations to lobby for access to
1556:
Atteyipe Youssouf. He was killed on 4 November 2017 in the Central African Republic.
1543:
Mohammed Al-Hakami, Abdulkarem Ghazi. They were killed on 2 September 2015 in Yemen.
1029:
run by the German government. Moreover, two other main parties to the conflict, the
10976:
10861:
10783:
10568:
10504:
10044:
10001:
9951:
9913:
8759:
8722:
8667:
8367:
8151:
8043:
7839:
7791:
7610:
7586:
7065:
6613:
6438:
6236:
6170:
6166:
6158:
6035:
5724:
5459:
5312:
4846:
4835:
4783:
4300:
4196:
History of the International Committee of the Red Cross: From Sarajevo to Hiroshima
3635:
3619:
3233:
3035:
2908:
2737:
2641:
2541:
2330:
2314:
2286:
1787:
1698:
1642:
1274:, to prevent any more abuses such as those that occurred within the movement after
1227:
1018:
856:
852:
in Geneva. The right to access the index is still strictly restricted to the ICRC.
765:
666:
497:
10405:
9745:
1907:
468:
of War" after its mandate from the Geneva Society for Public Welfare had expired.
11508:
11341:
10957:
10824:
10727:
10552:
10440:
10417:
10397:
9970:
9925:
9533:
9472:
9095:
8981:
8595:
7567:
6397:
6215:(Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden)
6124:
6116:
6104:
5502:
5317:
5307:
4858:
4735:
4723:
4039:
3993:
3971:
3868:
3792:
3773:
3713:
3567:
3473:
3339:
3315:
2863:
Above the fray : the Red Cross and the making of the humanitarian NGO sector
2769:
2533:
2495:
2326:
2014:
1985:
1921:
1896:
1546:
Alexis Marboua. He was killed on 12 October 2016 in the Central African Republic.
1389:
Catherine Chappuis, Nuno Ferreira. They were killed on 14 October 1987 in Angola.
1215:
960:
891:
881:
505:
441:
291:
286:
laureate. The organization has played an instrumental role in the development of
159:
10193:
5641:
4799:
4770:
3469:"Red Cross officials want civilian hackers to follow rules amid war. Here's why"
3295:
Life Lived in Relief: Humanitarian Predicaments and Palestinian Refugee Politics
1530:
Siradjou Mamadou. He was killed on 8 March 2014 in the Central African Republic.
1445:
Angela Gago-Gallego, Julia Narrea. They were killed on 25 February 1994 in Peru.
860:
territories," the ICRC could assist the civilian population on the basis of the
390:
10946:
10835:
10757:
10690:
10616:
10588:
10584:
10460:
10436:
10364:
10263:
10247:
9897:
9293:
8349:
7592:
6268:
6200:
5836:
5612:
5586:
5429:
5332:
5127:
4589:
The International Committee of the Red Cross and the protection of war victims.
3560:
3437:
2416:
2398:
2386:
2356:
and awaiting trial. After his release, Mandela publicly praised the Red Cross.
2349:
1436:
Sarah Leomy, Suzanne Buser. They were killed on 27 August 1993 in Sierra Leone.
1165:
756:
525:
513:
313:
have given the ICRC a mandate to protect victims of international and internal
10536:
10409:
10342:
3039:
2645:
1752:
covers the protection for the wounded and sick of armed conflict on land. The
1693:
as a controlling authority. The legal mandate of the ICRC stems from the four
1054:
423:
11681:
11595:
11552:
11429:
11211:
10999:
10905:
10820:
10652:
10640:
10604:
10600:
10468:
10279:
10166:
10036:
9986:
9805:
9757:
9561:
9305:
8259:
7905:
6625:
6584:
6140:
5686:
3631:
3429:
2434:
2410:
2353:
2318:
2290:
2053:
1252:
930:
914:
726:
for recognition of a national relief society by the International Committee:
538:
The utilization of volunteer forces for relief assistance on the battlefield;
330:
129:
116:
4699:
13(4)/2002. Routledge/ Taylor & Francis, p. 186â204, ISSN 0959-2296
2912:
11589:
11484:
11478:
10794:
10753:
10716:
10705:
10668:
10596:
10512:
10375:
10174:
10127:
9833:
9733:
9642:
9627:
9233:
9005:
8933:
8885:
7506:
7324:
6495:
6277:
6242:
5688:
5646:
5581:
5571:
5482:
5327:
5193:
4893:
4651:
Above the Fray: The Red Cross and the Making of the Humanitarian NGO Sector
3649:
2928:
Above the fray: The Red Cross and the making of the humanitarian NGO sector
2485:
2446:
2422:
2071:
1991:
1870:
1828:
1625:
1460:
1172:
refugees. The ICRC was given responsibility for the areas that are now the
1072:
1068:
1030:
840:
781:
614:
386:
369:
310:
4788:
4682:
The Role of the ICRC in the Development of International Humanitarian Law.
4447:
The International Committee of the Red Cross- A Neutral Humanitarian Actor
3623:
3607:
2305:
990:
967:- a desert region between the two countries. The dispute escalated into a
444:, lawyer and chairman of the Geneva Society for Public Welfare; physician
11461:
11243:
11031:
10942:
10909:
10528:
10492:
10456:
10017:
9089:
9017:
8825:
8704:
8547:
8535:
8145:
8133:
7689:
7537:
7143:
7011:
6524:
5297:
5142:
2501:
2380:
1903:
1889:
1656:
to organize nursing and care for those who are wounded on the battlefield
1629:
1271:
1251:, sought to show that the organization was fully aware of the gravity of
1243:
By taking part in the 1995 ceremony to commemorate the liberation of the
575:
445:
440:
1863. The members of this Sub-committee, aside from Dunant himself, were
360:
306:
283:
207:
6442:
6128:
4728:
4482:
Humanity for all: the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.
3237:
2249:
1720:
Contrary to popular belief, the ICRC is not a sovereign entity like the
1230:
in 1994. It struggled to prevent the crimes that happened in and around
10920:
10805:
10694:
9845:
9597:
9329:
9161:
9125:
8921:
8861:
8487:
8463:
8379:
8295:
8283:
8169:
8097:
7809:
7518:
7384:
7167:
7131:
6774:
5994:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)
2634:"Norms and War: The International Red Cross and the Geneva Conventions"
2360:
1824:
1608:
The original motto of the International Committee of the Red Cross was
1231:
1168:
to take part in a $ 32 million emergency relief programme working with
1050:
964:
461:
302:
287:
275:
6221:(Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden)
4263:
International Public Health: Diseases, Programs, Systems, and Policies
2837:. Geneva, Switzerland: International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC.
1407:
Rais Khan, Mostu Khan. They were killed on 9 July 1991 in Afghanistan.
1203:
In celebration of its centennial in 1963, the ICRC, together with the
11260:
10648:
10139:
9487:
9353:
9041:
8945:
8559:
8391:
8271:
7989:
7881:
7107:
7083:
6911:
6447:
5322:
5292:
5271:
4688:
4(3)/1999. Brill Academic Publishers, p. 503â527, ISSN 1382-340X
3608:"The deadly effects of violence against medical workers in war zones"
3497:"17 December 1996 : Six ICRC delegates assassinated in Chechnya"
1874:
1862:
1596:
1489:
1173:
1096:
1022:
968:
811:
398:
52:
6034:
1869:
In the early years, every Committee member was Genevan, Protestant,
1653:
to monitor compliance of warring parties with the Geneva Conventions
1600:
The emblem of the International Committee of the Red Cross (French:
1001:
The legal basis of the work of the ICRC during World War II was the
761:
365:
9457:
9401:
9149:
9137:
9065:
8969:
8957:
8728:
8679:
8619:
8451:
8331:
8319:
8121:
7941:
7749:
7737:
7634:
7616:
7451:
7360:
7348:
7312:
7276:
7179:
6759:
6617:
6536:
6483:
4804:
3441:
1914:
1724:. The ICRC limits its membership to Swiss nationals only, and also
1620:) with the words "COMITE INTERNATIONAL GENEVE" circling the cross.
1485:
1456:
1424:
1331:
985:
872:
865:
549:
326:
318:
4566:
Dunant's dream: War, Switzerland and the history of the Red Cross.
4538:
Handbook of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.
3125:"Dialogue with the past: the ICRC and the Nazi death camps - ICRC"
1662:
to help with the search for missing persons in an armed conflict (
1341:
Matthaeus Vischer. He was killed on 20 December 1943 in Indonesia.
93:
Protecting victims of conflicts and providing them with assistance
10768:
9365:
9341:
9317:
9269:
9209:
8993:
8897:
8771:
8583:
8511:
8499:
8475:
8427:
8235:
8223:
8205:
8061:
7965:
7953:
7869:
7833:
7773:
7725:
7713:
7658:
7604:
7549:
7463:
7336:
7252:
7204:
7191:
7155:
7119:
7095:
7047:
7035:
7023:
6508:
6136:
1885:
1856:
Marguerite Frick-Cramer, the first ever female member of the ICRC
1708:
that has enjoyed various degrees of special privileges and legal
1562:
Saifura Hussaini. She was killed on 16 September 2019 in Nigeria.
1505:
1410:
Anthony Arulanthu. He was killed on 24 October 1991 in Sri Lanka.
1297:
1064:
741:, Prussia, Spain, and WĂŒrttemberg. Also in 1864, Louis Appia and
601:
532:
The foundation of national relief societies for wounded soldiers;
382:
322:
11534:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
6968:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
4454:
The Humanitarians. The International Committee of the Red Cross.
1804:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
1585:
campaign to highlight risks to humanitarian healthcare workers.
1574:
Diomede Nzobambona. He was killed on 23 August 2021 in Cameroon.
1413:
Wim Van-Boxelaere. He was killed on 14 December 1991 in Somalia.
1398:
Mohammad Zamany. He was killed on 16 August 1990 in Afghanistan.
342:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
10313:
9612:
9506:
9389:
9257:
9245:
9221:
9113:
9077:
8909:
8795:
8783:
8716:
8655:
8607:
8439:
8403:
8307:
8193:
8157:
8085:
8037:
7917:
7893:
7857:
7785:
7580:
7372:
7300:
7288:
7240:
7216:
7059:
6714:
6709:
6413:
5906:
5881:
5867:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)
5758:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
5038:
4711:
Towards a comprehensive Solution to the Question of the Emblem.
3754:
The Humanitarians: The International Committee of the Red Cross
1878:
1819:
1524:
Abdul Bashir-Khan. He was killed on 29 May 2013 in Afghanistan.
1464:
1433:
Kurt Lustenberger. He was killed on 14 January 1993 in Somalia.
1392:
Pernette Zehnder. She was killed on 18 October 1987 in Lebanon.
1344:
Johann Jovanovits. He was killed on 4 February 1946 in Germany.
1275:
1177:
1014:
951:
from entering into force before the beginning of World War II.
918:
410:
279:
101:
1451:
Rodrigues Cambiote. He was killed on 13 August 1994 in Angola.
1442:
Antoine Munderere. He was killed on 13 October 1993 in Rwanda.
1371:
Christine Rieben. She was killed on 17 January 1980 in Uganda.
1362:
Jacob Sturzenegger. He was killed on 12 March 1975 in Vietnam.
9527:
9377:
9185:
9101:
9053:
9029:
8849:
8747:
8631:
8571:
8523:
8355:
8247:
8109:
8073:
8049:
7977:
7929:
7845:
7797:
7677:
7439:
7420:
7228:
6749:
6459:
6206:
5882:
UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
5254:
5219:
5152:
2474:
1778:
1515:
Kristofer Scott. He was killed on 25 January 2011 in Liberia.
1512:
health clinic in the area of Jebel Marra, West Darfur, Sudan.
1501:
1034:
926:
922:
627:
401:
on the evening of 24 June, he witnessed the aftermath of the
394:
3862:âCanton Geneva promises CHF40 million to troubled Red Crossâ
3021:"On the history of the international protection of refugees"
2317:
of Norway, ICRC President Leopold Boissier, League Chairman
1641:
assistance." It also conducts and coordinates international
1416:
JĂłn Karlsson. He was killed on 22 April 1992 in Afghanistan.
1401:
Yar Faqir. He was killed on 1 September 1990 in Afghanistan.
1350:
Charles Huber. He was killed on 19 November 1946 in Germany.
9546:
9173:
8691:
8343:
8181:
8013:
8001:
7761:
7561:
7408:
5852:
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR)
5847:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
5383:
4933:
4603:
The Geneva Convention: The Hidden Origins of the Red Cross.
3987:
The members of the International Committee of the Red Cross
3380:"Dialogue with the past: the ICRC and the Nazi death camps"
1439:
Michel Kuhn. He was killed on 28 August 1993 in Tajikistan.
1430:
Solomon Jarboe. He was killed on 26 August 1992 in Liberia.
1157:
1007:
Convention relating to the International Status of Refugees
815:
10521:
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
4780:
Works by or about International Committee of the Red Cross
3836:. Geneva, Switzerland: ICRC. June 2022. pp. 536â538.
1404:
Peter Altwegg. He was killed on 6 October 1990 in Somalia.
1383:
Michel Zufferey. He was killed on 5 January 1985 in Sudan.
1380:
Alain Jossi. He was killed on 28 October 1984 in Ethiopia.
1374:
JĂŒrg Baumann. He was killed on 21 September 1980 in Sudan.
1356:
Robert Carlsson. He was killed on 30 July 1968 in Nigeria.
810:, adopted at the Second International Peace Conference in
3805:"Legal bases : Extract from ICRC Annual Report 2009"
1448:
Kiew Sambath. He was killed on 11 April 1994 in Cambodia.
1386:
Marc Blaser. He was killed on 16 December 1985 in Angola.
1347:
Otto Anderegg. He was killed on 16 May 1946 in Indonesia.
836:
314:
6097:(Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway)
4552:
Champions of Charity: War and the Rise of the Red Cross.
4260:
Merson, M. H.; Black, R. E.; Mills, A. J., eds. (2006),
3756:, (Cambridge, NY:Cambridge University Press, 2005), 161.
1676:
to act as a neutral intermediary between warring parties
1518:
Khalil Dale. He was killed on 29 April 2012 in Pakistan.
1365:
Louis Gaulis. He was killed on 29 March 1978 in Lebanon.
1359:
Dragan Hercog. He was killed on 30 July 1968 in Nigeria.
963:, Bolivia and Paraguay were disputing possession of the
9434:
4357:
Condemned to Repeat? The Paradox of Humanitarian Action
3438:"Rules of engagement issued to hacktivists after chaos"
1793:
1478:
when they came under fatal fire from unknown attackers.
1338:
Richard Heider. He was killed on 9 June 1942 in Greece.
880:, which appointed the Norwegian diplomat and scientist
253:
9709:
4749:
3871:
Swissinfo Foreign Affairs. Accessed 27 September 2023.
2374:
1559:
Hanna Lahoud. He was killed on 21 April 2018 in Yemen.
1540:
Hamadoun Daou. He was killed on 30 March 2015 in Mali.
1521:
Hussein Saleh. He was killed on 20 June 2012 in Yemen.
1288:
where records from concentration camps are maintained;
1156:
In December 1948 the ICRC was invited, along with the
871:
Between 1916 and 1918, the ICRC published a number of
361:
Solferino, Henry Dunant and the foundation of the ICRC
5892:
UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)
2930:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 119.
2772:
by Henry Dunant, ICRC publication 1986, complete text
1689:
The ICRC is the only institution explicitly named in
1533:
Michael Greub. He was killed on 4 June 2014 in Libya.
1377:
André Redard. He was killed on 12 May 1982 in Angola.
16:
Humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland
10847:
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
5748:
Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
4713:
Revised third edition. ICRC (ref. 0778), Geneva 2005
4235:"MDA symbol on ambulances in Yesha still unresolved"
2866:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 34.
2256:
By virtue of its age and its special position under
2244:
1084:
silence even in the face of pleas by Jewish groups.
4266:(2nd ed.), Boston: Jones and Barlett, p.
3333:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6252024.stm
981:
Theresienstadt concentration camp and the Red Cross
4921:International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission
4615:
3883:"Red Cross faces Covid-related job cuts in Geneva"
3225:
905:, who had been Chairman of the War Council of the
11693:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
10895:International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons
6913:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
5922:Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
4771:Works by International Committee of the Red Cross
4576:(Hardcover edition); HarperCollins, London 1999,
4159:, (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1984).
4105:"Erstmals ĂŒbernimmt eine Frau das IKRK-PrĂ€sidium"
3467:Starks, Tim; DiMolfetta, David (5 October 2023).
2280:
1960:From 2000 to 2012, the President of the ICRC was
1743:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
338:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
11679:
5809:European Committee for the Prevention of Torture
5623:United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic
4359:, London: Cornell University Press, p. 45,
4259:
3494:
3466:
1767:
1760:concerns the treatment of prisoners of war. The
913:was founded on 15 May 1919, by the societies of
11723:Human rights organisations based in Switzerland
6951:
5989:International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
5789:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
4750:International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
4591:ICRC & Macmillan (ref. 0503), Geneva 2003,
4055:. Geneva, Switzerland: ICRC. 25 November 2021.
3606:Webster, Paul Christopher (20 September 2011).
1818:The ICRC is headquartered in the Swiss city of
1568:. She was killed on 16 October 2019 in Nigeria.
850:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum
535:Neutrality and protection for wounded soldiers;
11459:
11241:
11029:
2300:
301:of 1949 and its Additional Protocols of 1977 (
11445:
11227:
11015:
10485:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
10218:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
9695:
6897:
6020:
5672:
4820:
4675:The emblem of the Red Cross: a brief history.
4620:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
4081:. Geneva, Switzerland: ICRC. 1 October 2022.
1895:(1850-1934). The third female member was the
1737:The ICRC's operations are generally based on
1320:set of rules for civilian hackers to abide by
998:Cross itself. The report can be read online.
795:opted to give it jointly to Henry Dunant and
224:15,448 (average number of ICRC staff in 2016)
41:
5618:Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Weeks
4445:Forsythe, David P. and B. Rieffer-Flanagan.
4157:The International Committee of the Red Cross
4042:. 19 October 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
3561:https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1816383111000026
3297:. University of California Press. p. 6.
2726:
2640:, Cornell University Press, pp. 69â88,
2510:(1932-2024), diplomat, president of the ICRC
2482:(1806-1869), surgeon, co-founder of the ICRC
2407:(1891- 1974), diplomat, historian and writer
1902:(1886-1970) in 1925, followed by the nurses
317:. Such victims include war wounded persons,
35:
5927:UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT)
4329:Speech before the British Red Cross, London
3407:"Commemorating the liberation of Auschwitz"
2954:, Carroll & Graf, New York, 1998, p.259
2638:National Interests in International Society
2601:"Annual Report 2016, Key facts and figures"
2569:"Annual Report 2016, Key facts and figures"
2498:(1826-1910), jurist, co-founder of the ICRC
2285:From its inception in 1930 until 2006, the
1151:
486:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
19:"ICRC" redirects here. For other uses, see
11713:Nobel laureates with multiple Nobel awards
11452:
11438:
11234:
11220:
11022:
11008:
9702:
9688:
6904:
6890:
6027:
6013:
5794:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
5679:
5665:
5230:Yemen Relief and Reconstruction Foundation
4827:
4813:
4792:
4536:International Committee of the Red Cross:
4498:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston 1984,
3880:
3728:"International Committee of the Red Cross"
3231:
3077:"The ICRC in World War Two: The Holocaust"
2827:
2461:(1955), physician and senior civil servant
2443:(1874-1960), jurist, president of the ICRC
2352:serving sentences, but not to those under
2348:, it was granted access to prisoners like
2272:In 1997, the ICRC and the IFRC signed the
1011:Zentralauskunftsstelle fĂŒr Kriegsgefangene
389:travelled to Italy to meet French emperor
11698:United Nations General Assembly observers
10773:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
5862:UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
5814:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
4605:Sutton Publishing, Gloucestershire 2005,
3639:
3210:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3184:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3158:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2853:
2631:
1318:On 4 October 2023 the committee issued a
1313:
1238:
1071:, delegate of the ICRC, visiting POWs in
11703:Organizations awarded Nobel Peace Prizes
11528:International Committee of the Red Cross
11304:International Committee of the Red Cross
11095:International Committee of the Red Cross
10288:International Committee of the Red Cross
10120:International Committee of the Red Cross
10077:Nansen International Office for Refugees
9883:International Committee of the Red Cross
6962:International Committee of the Red Cross
4789:International Committee of the Red Cross
4290:
3680:International Committee of the Red Cross
3377:
3275:The American University in Cairo Press.
3012:
2304:
2248:
1851:
1595:
1470:Rita Fox (Switzerland), VĂ©ronique Saro (
1194:
1102:
1090:
1063:
984:
825:
755:
548:
422:
364:
268:International Committee of the Red Cross
29:International Committee of the Red Cross
10637:International Campaign to Ban Landmines
5897:Commission on the Status of Women (CSW)
5887:Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
5872:International Labour Organization (ILO)
4408:
4379:
4325:
3605:
3292:
3122:
2967:, Cambridge University Press, 2005 p.36
2734:"Nobel Laureates Facts â Organizations"
2516:(1971), diplomat, president of the ICRC
2455:(1944), diplomat, president of the ICRC
2389:(1978), author, lecturer and himalayist
11680:
6986:
5912:UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)
4680:Jean-Philippe Lavoyer, Louis Maresca:
4415:, London: Little, Brown, p. 396,
3378:Buignion, François (5 November 2002).
3018:
2538:Comité International de la Croix-Rouge
1973:The Presidents of the ICRC have been:
1614:Comité international de la Croix-Rouge
1602:Comité international de la Croix-Rouge
37:Comité international de la Croix-Rouge
11433:
11215:
11003:
9683:
9433:
6985:
6950:
6885:
6008:
5857:Organisation of American States (OAS)
5660:
4808:
4729:International Review of the Red Cross
4526:Henry Dunant Institute, Geneva 1984,
4512:Henry Dunant Institute, Geneva 1985,
4494:Willemin, Georges and Roger Heacock:
4354:
4059:from the original on 11 December 2023
3507:from the original on 21 December 2016
3386:from the original on 6 September 2007
3358:from the original on 4 September 2012
3327:"Red Cross Condemns Burman 'Abuses'"
3205:
3179:
3153:
3123:Bugnion, François (5 November 2002).
3083:from the original on 22 December 2023
3028:International Review of the Red Cross
2925:
2898:
2859:
2841:from the original on 15 February 2020
2790:International Review of the Red Cross
2744:from the original on 15 November 2015
2260:, the ICRC is the lead agency in the
2235:
6209:(Belgium, Italy, Netherlands, Spain)
5819:Inter-American Court of Human Rights
5743:Committee on the Rights of the Child
5260:The State of the Humanitarian System
4834:
4241:from the original on 8 November 2011
4155:Georges Willemin and Roger Heacock,
4111:from the original on 18 January 2022
3893:from the original on 30 October 2020
3831:"ICRC Annual Report 2021, Volume II"
3656:from the original on 29 January 2022
3578:
3448:from the original on 15 October 2023
3435:
3309:Srebrenica â remembering the missing
3135:from the original on 24 October 2017
2880:from the original on 29 October 2020
2662:from the original on 1 February 2024
2546:Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja
2473:(1964), Commissioner-General of the
1794:Responsibilities within the movement
1645:and works to promote and strengthen
693:Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
522:United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
454:Geneva Hygiene and Health Commission
413:, he decided to write a book titled
43:Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja
9586:(pending recognition and admission)
9435:Non-members and affiliate societies
6312:Mannerheim League for Child Welfare
5725:Truth and reconciliation commission
4085:from the original on 1 October 2023
2708:"National Society Directory - IFRC"
2613:from the original on 14 August 2020
2581:from the original on 14 August 2020
2375:People who have worked for the ICRC
1931:
1325:
1095:The Red Cross during liberation of
780:was founded through the efforts of
297:State parties (signatories) to the
282:, Switzerland, and is a three-time
13:
11728:1863 establishments in Switzerland
10873:Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet
10739:International Atomic Energy Agency
10152:American Friends Service Committee
6091:(Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany)
5510:The State of the World's Cash 2020
5435:Central African Republic Civil War
4305:10.1111/j.1747-7093.1993.tb00147.x
3495:François Budnion (30 April 1997).
3019:Jaeger, Gilbert (September 2001).
2687:from the original on 29 April 2010
1591:
407:Second Italian War of Independence
51:
14:
11749:
11688:Organizations established in 1863
10354:International Labour Organization
7501:Congo, Democratic Republic of the
5173:Koyamada International Foundation
4743:
4540:13th edition, ICRC, Geneva 1994,
4336:from the original on 20 July 2006
3843:from the original on 23 June 2024
3734:from the original on 19 July 2006
3537:from the original on 8 March 2016
3057:from the original on 20 June 2022
2984:from the original on 5 March 2016
2783:"The foundation of the Red Cross"
2488:(1956), historian, specialist in
2245:Relationships within the movement
1873:, and male. The first woman, the
1800:Red Cross or Red Crescent society
1722:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
437:Geneva Society for Public Welfare
9641:
9626:
9611:
9596:
9575:
9560:
9545:
9526:
9505:
9486:
9471:
9456:
9400:
9388:
9376:
9364:
9352:
9340:
9328:
9316:
9304:
9292:
9280:
9268:
9256:
9244:
9232:
9220:
9208:
9196:
9184:
9172:
9160:
9148:
9136:
9124:
9112:
9100:
9088:
9076:
9064:
9052:
9040:
9028:
9016:
9004:
8992:
8980:
8968:
8956:
8944:
8932:
8920:
8908:
8896:
8884:
8872:
8860:
8848:
8844:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
8836:
8824:
8806:
8794:
8782:
8770:
8758:
8746:
8727:
8715:
8703:
8690:
8678:
8666:
8654:
8642:
8630:
8618:
8606:
8594:
8582:
8570:
8558:
8546:
8534:
8522:
8510:
8498:
8486:
8474:
8462:
8450:
8438:
8426:
8414:
8402:
8390:
8378:
8366:
8354:
8342:
8330:
8318:
8306:
8294:
8282:
8270:
8258:
8246:
8234:
8222:
8204:
8192:
8180:
8168:
8156:
8144:
8132:
8120:
8108:
8096:
8084:
8072:
8060:
8048:
8036:
8024:
8012:
8000:
7988:
7976:
7964:
7952:
7940:
7928:
7916:
7904:
7892:
7880:
7868:
7856:
7844:
7832:
7820:
7808:
7796:
7784:
7772:
7760:
7748:
7736:
7724:
7712:
7700:
7688:
7676:
7657:
7645:
7633:
7615:
7603:
7591:
7579:
7560:
7548:
7536:
7517:
7505:
7493:
7474:
7462:
7450:
7438:
7419:
7407:
7395:
7383:
7371:
7359:
7347:
7335:
7323:
7311:
7299:
7287:
7275:
7263:
7251:
7239:
7227:
7215:
7203:
7190:
7178:
7166:
7154:
7142:
7130:
7118:
7106:
7094:
7082:
7070:
7058:
7046:
7034:
7022:
7010:
6936:
6929:
6922:
6864:
5640:
4326:Mandela, Nelson (10 July 2003),
4293:Ethics and International Affairs
3881:RTS/SRF/sb (16 September 2020).
3686:from the original on 7 July 2014
3417:from the original on 9 July 2012
2714:from the original on 8 July 2006
2212:
2198:
2184:
2170:
2156:
2142:
2128:
2114:
2100:
2086:
1951:
711:
698:
685:
672:
659:
646:
633:
620:
607:
594:
581:
568:
10553:Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)
9766:Institut de Droit International
8422:Micronesia, Federated States of
6245:(Austria, Finland, Netherlands)
5917:UN Development Programme (UNDP)
5877:World Health Organization (WHO)
5526:Attacks on humanitarian workers
4985:Inter-Agency Standing Committee
4653:(Univ. of Chicago Press, 2020)
4618:The Red Cross and the Holocaust
4433:
4402:
4380:Mandela, Nelson (16 May 2000),
4373:
4348:
4319:
4284:
4253:
4227:
4214:
4201:
4188:
4175:
4162:
4149:
4136:
4123:
4097:
4071:
4045:
4026:
4013:
4000:
3978:
3957:
3944:
3931:
3918:
3905:
3874:
3855:
3823:
3797:
3779:
3759:
3746:
3720:
3698:
3668:
3599:
3572:
3553:
3519:
3488:
3399:
3371:
3344:
3321:
3301:
3286:
3265:
3208:The Red Cross and the Holocaust
3199:
3182:The Red Cross and the Holocaust
3173:
3156:The Red Cross and the Holocaust
3147:
3116:
3069:
2996:
2970:
2957:
2944:
2919:
2892:
2811:
1813:
1750:First Geneva Convention of 1949
1684:
1199:The ICRC Headquarters in Geneva
1184:umbrella as a successor to the
974:
553:The Red Cross in action in 1864
6406:International Rescue Committee
5804:European Court of Human Rights
5541:Health Care In Danger Campaign
5440:Western African Ebola outbreak
5123:International Rescue Committee
4980:Humanitarian-Development Nexus
4869:International humanitarian law
4554:Westview Press, Boulder 1997,
4456:(2nd ed. Cambridge UP, 2005),
3527:"Swiss ICRC delegate murdered"
3352:"ICRC in WW II: the Holocaust"
2775:
2756:
2700:
2673:
2625:
2593:
2561:
2527:
2490:International Humanitarian Law
2281:Acceptance of Magen David Adom
2258:international humanitarian law
1838:
1739:international humanitarian law
1732:
1691:international humanitarian law
1673:and care for civil populations
1647:international humanitarian law
887:High Commissioner for Refugees
821:
818:), and Africa (South Africa).
1:
11718:Organisations based in Geneva
10292:League of Red Cross Societies
9818:Paul Estournelles de Constant
5488:Sexual exploitation and abuse
5364:German Federal Foreign Office
4942:History of the United Nations
4677:ICRC (ref. 0316), Geneva 1977
2554:
2413:(1965), journalist and writer
1768:Funding and financial matters
1286:International Tracing Service
1247:, the President of the ICRC,
1205:League of Red Cross Societies
911:League of Red Cross Societies
214:1462.0 m for field operations
5753:International Criminal Court
5603:2015 European migrant crisis
5531:Aid Worker Security Database
5405:Great Indian Famine of 1870s
5277:Global Humanitarian Overview
4755:Rules of war (in a nutshell)
4568:HarperCollins, London 1998,
4383:Interview on Larry King Live
3436:Tidy, Joe (4 October 2023).
2792:. March 1963. Archived from
2359:The presence of respectable
1476:Democratic Republic of Congo
1472:Democratic Republic of Congo
1245:Auschwitz concentration camp
954:
889:". Nansen, who invented the
7:
6952:International Organisations
6643:International organisations
5907:UN Children's Fund (UNICEF)
5118:International Medical Corps
4990:Humanitarian Cluster System
4666:
4634:Dominique-D. Junod : "
4616:Favez, Jean-Claude (1999).
4198:, (Geneva:ICRC, 1984), 147.
4133:(Paris:Ellipses, 1999), 38.
3206:Favez, Jean-Claude (1999).
3180:Favez, Jean-Claude (1999).
3154:Favez, Jean-Claude (1999).
2978:"The Chaco war (1932-1935)"
2325:The ICRC prefers to engage
2301:International relationships
1847:
1581:In 2011, ICRC launched the
1078:(Benoit Junod, Switzerland)
608:
352:(in 1917, 1944, and 1963).
10:
11754:
10966:Center for Civil Liberties
9826:International Peace Bureau
9652:(autonomous branch of the
9537:(autonomous branch of the
9497:(autonomous branch of the
9120:Taiwan (Republic of China)
5902:UN Population Fund (UNFPA)
5608:Detention Centres in Libya
5493:Core Humanitarian Standard
5225:Network for Refugee Voices
5199:Global Refugee-Led Network
4686:International Negotiation.
4168:"Le CICR manqué de bras,"
3767:The Fundamental Principles
3579:ICRC (12 September 2024).
3307:MĂ©gevand-Roggo, BĂ©atrice.
2632:Finnemore, Martha (1996),
2504:(1914-2002), Doctor of Law
1635:
1214:decided to grant the ICRC
978:
680:Kingdom of the Netherlands
502:Kingdom of the Netherlands
355:
210:1576.7 million (2016)
18:
11605:
11574:
11543:
11518:
11494:
11469:
11357:
11332:
11313:
11294:
11270:
11251:
11139:
11123:
11104:
11085:
11055:
11039:
10678:
10427:
10184:
9961:
9721:
9444:
9440:
9429:
6998:
6994:
6981:
6957:
6946:
6919:
6871:European Union portal
6859:
6783:
6642:
6252:
6225:Solidarités international
6075:
6068:
6046:
5974:
5935:
5827:
5781:
5763:UN Human Rights Committee
5733:
5720:Human rights institutions
5702:
5636:
5595:
5577:International development
5564:
5546:Kunduz hospital airstrike
5518:
5473:
5392:
5346:
5285:
5242:
5207:
5181:
5148:Norwegian Refugee Council
5090:
5052:
5011:
5002:
4965:World Humanitarian Summit
4955:
4931:
4884:
4877:
4842:
4697:Diplomacy and Statecraft.
3338:22 September 2007 at the
3314:30 September 2007 at the
3040:10.1017/S1560775500119285
2646:10.7591/9781501707384-004
1945:are the Vice Presidents.
1893:Pauline ChaponniĂšre-Chaix
1005:revision, as well as the
1003:Geneva Conventions (1929)
793:Norwegian Nobel Committee
791:was awarded in 1901, the
464:general of great renown.
427:Original document of the
276:humanitarian organization
248:
228:
218:
201:
189:
177:
165:
155:
145:
108:
97:
89:
79:
61:
50:
33:
10661:MĂ©decins Sans FrontiĂšres
7403:Central African Republic
6291:Estonian Refugee Council
5975:ICRC â organization with
5799:African Court of Justice
5450:South Sudanese Civil War
5425:2011 East Africa drought
5138:MĂ©decins Sans FrontiĂšres
5103:Catholic Relief Services
4438:
4409:Mandela, Nelson (1994),
4033:ICRC names new president
3411:ICRC: Official Statement
3271:Gallagher, Nancy (2007)
2763:IRC, Memory of Solferino
2520:
2467:(1966), Director General
2226:
2219:Mirjana Spoljaric Egger,
1906:(1886-1984) in 1930 and
1762:Fourth Geneva Convention
1754:Second Geneva Convention
1210:On 16 October 1990, the
1190:Fourth Geneva Convention
1152:Rest of the 20th century
435:On 9 February 1863, the
336:The ICRC is part of the
212:203.7 m for headquarters
34:
11285:Johannes Vilhelm Jensen
10148:Friends Service Council
6231:SOS Children's Villages
6101:Caritas Internationalis
5768:UN Human Rights Council
5715:Human rights commission
5556:Dolo hospital airstrike
5400:Chinese Famine of 1870s
4947:1951 Refugee Convention
4864:Humanitarian principles
4144:La question humanitaire
4131:La question humanitaire
3970:12 October 2007 at the
3791:14 January 2012 at the
3772:21 October 2006 at the
3533:. IRIN. 28 March 2003.
3293:Feldman, Ilana (2018).
2926:Dromi, Shai M. (2020).
2913:10.1002/2059-7932.12003
2901:The Sociological Review
2860:Dromi, Shai M. (2020).
2514:Mirjana Spoljaric Egger
2492:, president of the ICRC
2429:Marguerite Frick-Cramer
2383:(1818-1898), co-founder
2335:Doctors Without Borders
2078:Mirjana Spoljaric Egger
2041:Eric Martin (physician)
1968:Mirjana Spoljaric Egger
1882:Renée-Marguerite Cramer
1758:Third Geneva Convention
1186:1907 Hague Convention X
989:Red Cross message from
429:first Geneva Convention
405:, an engagement in the
172:Mirjana Spoljaric Egger
67:; 161 years ago
11611:Nobel Prize recipients
11576:Physiology or Medicine
11363:Nobel Prize recipients
11348:Herbert Spencer Gasser
11334:Physiology or Medicine
11325:(United States/Poland)
11145:Nobel Prize recipients
11125:Physiology or Medicine
10545:UN Peacekeeping Forces
10394: (declined award)
10303:Martin Luther King Jr.
7271:Bosnia and Herzegovina
6233:(Austria, Netherlands)
5536:World Humanitarian Day
5410:Ethiopian famine 1980s
5243:Analysis and reporting
5113:Danish Refugee Council
5091:International agencies
4468:A Memory of Solferino.
3984:ICRC. 1 January 2006.
3765:ICRC. 1 January 1995.
3253:Cite journal requires
3104:Cite journal requires
2545:
2537:
2449:(1904-1961), physician
2431:(1887-1963), historian
2346:apartheid South Africa
2322:
2253:
1857:
1704:The ICRC is a private
1605:
1314:Rules for cyberwarfare
1311:
1278:rose to power in 1933;
1239:The Holocaust memorial
1200:
1108:
1100:
1080:
994:
940:
846:Restoring Family Links
831:
768:
719:Kingdom of WĂŒrttemberg
554:
458:Guillaume-Henri Dufour
432:
378:
56:
42:
36:
11708:Swiss Nobel laureates
11114:Charles Glover Barkla
11070:Karl Adolph Gjellerup
10817:Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
10497:Alfonso GarcĂa Robles
10477:Adolfo PĂ©rez Esquivel
10449:Amnesty International
10061:Carlos Saavedra Lamas
8880:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
8814:Saint Kitts and Nevis
6541:War Child Netherlands
6533:Stichting Vluchteling
6083:Action Against Hunger
6053:Humanitarian partners
5946:Amnesty International
5498:Sphere (organization)
5420:2010 Haiti earthquake
5338:Rachel Kiddell-Monroe
5098:Action Against Hunger
5072:The Federation (IFRC)
4905:A Memory of Solferino
4722:29 April 2010 at the
4564:Moorehead, Caroline.
4386:, CNN, archived from
4355:Terry, Fiona (2002),
3992:8 August 2010 at the
3963:ICRC. 27 April 2007.
3624:10.1503/cmaj.109-3964
3079:. 15 September 2017.
2950:Moorehead, Caroline,
2405:Carl Jacob Burckhardt
2401:(1903-1963), diplomat
2339:Amnesty International
2308:
2252:
2004:Carl Jacob Burckhardt
1910:(1902-2000) in 1938.
1855:
1599:
1583:Health Care In Danger
1306:
1198:
1106:
1094:
1067:
988:
979:Further information:
935:
903:Henry Pomeroy Davison
901:After the war ended,
829:
759:
552:
426:
416:A Memory of Solferino
375:A Memory of Solferino
368:
65:17 February 1863
55:
21:ICRC (disambiguation)
11559:Maria Goeppert Mayer
10932:World Food Programme
9288:United Arab Emirates
6537:Tearfund Netherlands
6410:Malteser Hilfsdienst
6390:Diakonie Deutschland
6361:Relief International
6239:(Italy, Netherlands)
5977:special status based
5267:The New Humanitarian
4734:23 June 2024 at the
4550:Hutchinson, John F.
4412:Long Walk to Freedom
4038:23 June 2024 at the
3867:23 June 2024 at the
3566:23 June 2024 at the
2963:Forsythe, David P.,
2768:5 March 2016 at the
2425:(1828-1910), founder
2419:senior civil servant
743:Charles van de Velde
654:Grand Duchy of Hesse
589:Grand Duchy of Baden
494:Grand Duchy of Hesse
482:Second French Empire
474:Grand Duchy of Baden
130:46.22778°N 6.13722°E
10613:Pugwash Conferences
9204:Trinidad and Tobago
7078:Antigua and Barbuda
6589:Farmacéuticos Mundi
6337:Federation Handicap
6040:European Commission
5773:UN Security Council
5551:Airstrikes on Yemen
4899:Battle of Solferino
4584:(Paperback edition)
4470:ICRC, Geneva 1986,
4452:Forsythe, David P.
4390:on 28 February 2007
4172:, 20 July 2002, 15.
3712:22 May 2014 at the
3413:. 27 January 2005.
3238:10.25365/THESIS.447
2980:. 25 January 2005.
2681:"Discover the ICRC"
2395:(1965-2022), writer
2191:Jakob Kellenberger,
2177:Cornelio Sommaruga,
1926:Franco-Prussian War
1212:UN General Assembly
1130:Theresienstadt Camp
1113:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
1027:concentration camps
969:full-scale conflict
745:, a captain of the
576:Swiss Confederation
403:Battle of Solferino
126: /
30:
11738:Medical neutrality
11590:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
11076:Henrik Pontoppidan
10884:Juan Manuel Santos
10210:George C. Marshall
10053:Carl von Ossietzky
9948:Austen Chamberlain
9814:A. M. F. Beernaert
9782:Theodore Roosevelt
9774:Bertha von Suttner
9450:
7653:Dominican Republic
7004:
6988:National Societies
6300:Fida International
6213:Plan International
6095:CARE International
5981:Geneva Conventions
5966:Human Rights First
5956:Human Rights Watch
5710:Human rights group
5347:Donors and funding
5082:Protective Emblems
5077:National Societies
5054:Red Cross Movement
4916:Geneva Conventions
4911:Red Cross Movement
4885:1850s, Creation of
4791:on Nobelprize.org
4765:Cornelio Sommaruga
4709:François Bugnion:
4673:François Bugnion:
4587:François Bugnion:
3752:David P Forsythe,
3730:. 3 October 2013.
2508:Cornelio Sommaruga
2471:Philippe Lazzarini
2453:Jakob Kellenberger
2437:(1960), politician
2323:
2262:Red Cross Movement
2254:
2236:The ICRC worldwide
2066:Jakob Kellenberger
2060:Cornelio Sommaruga
1962:Jakob Kellenberger
1858:
1695:Geneva Conventions
1610:Inter Arma Caritas
1606:
1330:At the end of the
1249:Cornelio Sommaruga
1201:
1142:Cornelio Sommaruga
1109:
1101:
1081:
995:
907:American Red Cross
832:
808:Hague Convention X
778:American Red Cross
769:
706:Kingdom of Prussia
615:Kingdom of Denmark
602:Kingdom of Belgium
555:
510:Kingdom of Prussia
490:Kingdom of Hanover
478:Kingdom of Bavaria
433:
379:
350:Nobel Peace Prizes
346:National Societies
292:humanitarian norms
240:(1917, 1944, 1963)
57:
28:
11675:
11674:
11565:J. Hans D. Jensen
11427:
11426:
11323:Isidor Isaac Rabi
11209:
11208:
10997:
10996:
10858:Kailash Satyarthi
10743:Mohamed ElBaradei
10561:Mikhail Gorbachev
10256:Philip Noel-Baker
10240:Lester B. Pearson
10202:Albert Schweitzer
9983:Ferdinand Buisson
9975:Gustav Stresemann
9854:Henri La Fontaine
9715:Nobel Peace Prize
9677:
9676:
9673:
9672:
9669:
9668:
9664:
9663:
9654:Italian Red Cross
9425:
9424:
9421:
9420:
9416:
9415:
7708:Equatorial Guinea
6977:
6976:
6879:
6878:
6811:Protezione Civile
6638:
6637:
6431:Concern Worldwide
6365:Secours Islamique
6329:Institut Bioforce
6219:Save the Children
6203:(Germany, Sweden)
6002:
6001:
5842:Council of Europe
5654:
5653:
5628:Aid effectiveness
5519:Aid worker safety
5455:Rohingya genocide
5393:Major emergencies
5303:Christos Christou
5238:
5237:
5163:Save the Children
5133:MĂ©decins du Monde
5062:Seville Agreement
4998:
4997:
4852:in conflict zones
4775:Project Gutenberg
4627:978-0-521-41587-3
4508:Pierre Boissier:
4449:(Routledge, 2007)
4422:978-0-316-54585-3
4366:978-0-8014-3960-5
4277:978-0-7637-2967-7
4222:The Humanitarians
4209:The Humanitarians
4183:The Humanitarians
4129:Philippe Ryfman,
4021:The Humanitarians
4008:The Humanitarians
3939:The Humanitarians
3926:The Humanitarians
3913:The Humanitarians
3618:(13): E981âE982.
3217:978-0-521-41587-3
3191:978-0-521-41587-3
3165:978-0-521-41587-3
2965:The Humanitarians
2937:978-0-226-68038-5
2655:978-1-5017-0738-4
2465:Pierre KrĂ€henbĂŒhl
2393:Laurence Boissier
2361:aid organizations
2311:Nobel Peace Prize
2274:Seville Agreement
2266:Swedish Red Cross
2093:Guillaume Dufour,
1808:Seville Agreement
1706:Swiss association
1699:natural disasters
1553:was 38 years old.
1025:conducted in the
878:League of Nations
789:Nobel Peace Prize
560:Geneva Convention
518:Kingdom of Saxony
340:, along with the
299:Geneva Convention
264:
263:
236:Nobel Peace Prize
196:Pierre KrĂ€henbĂŒhl
184:Gilles Carbonnier
135:46.22778; 6.13722
84:International NGO
11745:
11613:
11454:
11447:
11440:
11431:
11430:
11365:
11236:
11229:
11222:
11213:
11212:
11147:
11024:
11017:
11010:
11001:
11000:
10990:
10979:
10977:Narges Mohammadi
10968:
10949:
10934:
10923:
10912:
10897:
10886:
10875:
10864:
10862:Malala Yousafzai
10849:
10838:
10827:
10808:
10797:
10786:
10784:Martti Ahtisaari
10775:
10760:
10745:
10730:
10719:
10708:
10697:
10671:
10663:
10655:
10643:
10631:
10629:José Ramos-Horta
10619:
10607:
10591:
10579:
10577:Rigoberta MenchĂș
10571:
10569:Aung San Suu Kyi
10563:
10555:
10547:
10539:
10531:
10523:
10515:
10507:
10499:
10487:
10479:
10471:
10463:
10451:
10443:
10441:Mairead Corrigan
10420:
10412:
10400:
10385:
10384:
10378:
10367:
10356:
10345:
10334:
10333:
10325:
10324:
10316:
10305:
10294:
10282:
10274:
10272:Dag Hammarskjöld
10266:
10258:
10250:
10242:
10234:
10233:
10227:
10226:
10220:
10212:
10204:
10196:
10177:
10169:
10161:
10160:
10154:
10142:
10130:
10122:
10114:
10113:
10107:
10106:
10100:
10099:
10093:
10092:
10086:
10085:
10079:
10071:
10063:
10055:
10047:
10045:Arthur Henderson
10039:
10031:
10030:
10024:
10012:
10010:Nathan Söderblom
10004:
10002:Frank B. Kellogg
9996:
9995:
9989:
9977:
9954:
9942:
9941:
9935:
9934:
9928:
9920:
9914:Hjalmar Branting
9908:
9900:
9892:
9891:
9885:
9877:
9876:
9870:
9869:
9863:
9862:
9856:
9848:
9840:
9828:
9820:
9808:
9796:
9784:
9776:
9768:
9760:
9752:
9740:
9704:
9697:
9690:
9681:
9680:
9657:
9646:
9645:
9638:
9631:
9630:
9623:
9616:
9615:
9608:
9601:
9600:
9587:
9580:
9579:
9572:
9565:
9564:
9557:
9550:
9549:
9542:
9531:
9530:
9517:
9510:
9509:
9502:
9491:
9490:
9483:
9476:
9475:
9468:
9461:
9460:
9447:
9446:
9442:
9441:
9431:
9430:
9405:
9404:
9393:
9392:
9381:
9380:
9369:
9368:
9357:
9356:
9345:
9344:
9333:
9332:
9321:
9320:
9309:
9308:
9297:
9296:
9285:
9284:
9273:
9272:
9261:
9260:
9249:
9248:
9237:
9236:
9225:
9224:
9213:
9212:
9201:
9200:
9189:
9188:
9177:
9176:
9165:
9164:
9153:
9152:
9141:
9140:
9129:
9128:
9117:
9116:
9105:
9104:
9093:
9092:
9081:
9080:
9069:
9068:
9057:
9056:
9045:
9044:
9033:
9032:
9021:
9020:
9009:
9008:
8997:
8996:
8985:
8984:
8973:
8972:
8961:
8960:
8949:
8948:
8937:
8936:
8925:
8924:
8913:
8912:
8901:
8900:
8889:
8888:
8877:
8876:
8865:
8864:
8853:
8852:
8841:
8840:
8829:
8828:
8811:
8810:
8799:
8798:
8787:
8786:
8775:
8774:
8766:Republika Srpska
8763:
8762:
8751:
8750:
8743:
8732:
8731:
8720:
8719:
8708:
8707:
8695:
8694:
8683:
8682:
8674:Papua New Guinea
8671:
8670:
8659:
8658:
8647:
8646:
8635:
8634:
8623:
8622:
8611:
8610:
8599:
8598:
8587:
8586:
8575:
8574:
8563:
8562:
8551:
8550:
8539:
8538:
8527:
8526:
8515:
8514:
8503:
8502:
8491:
8490:
8479:
8478:
8467:
8466:
8455:
8454:
8443:
8442:
8431:
8430:
8419:
8418:
8407:
8406:
8395:
8394:
8383:
8382:
8374:Marshall Islands
8371:
8370:
8359:
8358:
8347:
8346:
8335:
8334:
8323:
8322:
8311:
8310:
8299:
8298:
8287:
8286:
8275:
8274:
8263:
8262:
8251:
8250:
8239:
8238:
8227:
8226:
8209:
8208:
8197:
8196:
8185:
8184:
8173:
8172:
8161:
8160:
8149:
8148:
8137:
8136:
8125:
8124:
8113:
8112:
8101:
8100:
8089:
8088:
8077:
8076:
8065:
8064:
8053:
8052:
8041:
8040:
8029:
8028:
8017:
8016:
8005:
8004:
7993:
7992:
7981:
7980:
7969:
7968:
7957:
7956:
7945:
7944:
7933:
7932:
7921:
7920:
7909:
7908:
7897:
7896:
7885:
7884:
7873:
7872:
7861:
7860:
7849:
7848:
7837:
7836:
7825:
7824:
7813:
7812:
7801:
7800:
7789:
7788:
7777:
7776:
7765:
7764:
7753:
7752:
7741:
7740:
7729:
7728:
7717:
7716:
7705:
7704:
7693:
7692:
7681:
7680:
7673:
7662:
7661:
7650:
7649:
7638:
7637:
7620:
7619:
7608:
7607:
7596:
7595:
7584:
7583:
7576:
7565:
7564:
7553:
7552:
7541:
7540:
7533:
7522:
7521:
7510:
7509:
7498:
7497:
7490:
7479:
7478:
7467:
7466:
7455:
7454:
7443:
7442:
7435:
7424:
7423:
7412:
7411:
7400:
7399:
7388:
7387:
7376:
7375:
7364:
7363:
7352:
7351:
7340:
7339:
7328:
7327:
7316:
7315:
7304:
7303:
7292:
7291:
7280:
7279:
7268:
7267:
7256:
7255:
7244:
7243:
7232:
7231:
7220:
7219:
7208:
7207:
7195:
7194:
7183:
7182:
7171:
7170:
7159:
7158:
7147:
7146:
7135:
7134:
7123:
7122:
7111:
7110:
7099:
7098:
7087:
7086:
7075:
7074:
7063:
7062:
7051:
7050:
7039:
7038:
7027:
7026:
7015:
7014:
7001:
7000:
6996:
6995:
6983:
6982:
6948:
6947:
6941:
6940:
6939:
6934:
6933:
6932:
6927:
6926:
6925:
6906:
6899:
6892:
6883:
6882:
6869:
6868:
6867:
6821:Expertise France
6237:Terre des hommes
6073:
6072:
6056:
6038:partners of the
6029:
6022:
6015:
6006:
6005:
5681:
5674:
5667:
5658:
5657:
5647:World portal
5645:
5644:
5596:Related articles
5465:Yemeni Civil War
5460:Syrian civil war
5313:Martin Griffiths
5009:
5008:
4882:
4881:
4847:Humanitarian aid
4836:Humanitarian aid
4829:
4822:
4815:
4806:
4805:
4796:
4784:Internet Archive
4631:
4601:Angela Bennett:
4427:
4425:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4377:
4371:
4369:
4352:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4323:
4317:
4315:
4288:
4282:
4280:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4231:
4225:
4218:
4212:
4205:
4199:
4192:
4186:
4179:
4173:
4166:
4160:
4153:
4147:
4140:
4134:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4049:
4043:
4030:
4024:
4017:
4011:
4004:
3998:
3982:
3976:
3961:
3955:
3948:
3942:
3935:
3929:
3922:
3916:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3887:SWI swissinfo.ch
3878:
3872:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3842:
3835:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3807:. Archived from
3801:
3795:
3783:
3777:
3763:
3757:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3724:
3718:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3682:. 28 July 2014.
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3643:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3576:
3570:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3544:
3542:
3531:www.irinnews.org
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3348:
3342:
3325:
3319:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3290:
3284:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3256:
3251:
3249:
3241:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3203:
3197:
3195:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3107:
3102:
3100:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3034:(843): 727â737.
3025:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2974:
2968:
2961:
2955:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2831:
2825:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2798:
2787:
2779:
2773:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2738:Nobel Foundation
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2612:
2605:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2580:
2573:
2565:
2548:
2531:
2480:Théodore Maunoir
2331:prisoners of war
2287:Magen David Adom
2216:
2202:
2188:
2174:
2160:
2149:Carl Burckhardt,
2146:
2132:
2118:
2107:Gustave Moynier,
2104:
2090:
2049:
2023:Leopold Boissier
2018:
1943:Christine Beerli
1932:Assembly Council
1900:Suzanne FerriĂšre
1827:, engineers, or
1788:Canton of Geneva
1727:
1726:unlike most NGOs
1504:in the south of
1326:Staff fatalities
1228:Rwandan genocide
1079:
1019:German Red Cross
862:Hague Convention
857:chemical weapons
717:
715:
714:
704:
702:
701:
691:
689:
688:
678:
676:
675:
667:Kingdom of Italy
665:
663:
662:
652:
650:
649:
639:
637:
636:
628:Kingdom of Spain
626:
624:
623:
613:
611:
610:
600:
598:
597:
587:
585:
584:
574:
572:
571:
498:Kingdom of Italy
450:Théodore Maunoir
260:
257:
255:
241:
191:Director-General
141:
140:
138:
137:
136:
131:
127:
124:
123:
122:
119:
75:
73:
68:
45:
39:
31:
27:
11753:
11752:
11748:
11747:
11746:
11744:
11743:
11742:
11678:
11677:
11676:
11671:
11609:
11601:
11592:(Great Britain)
11586:(Great Britain)
11570:
11561:(United States)
11555:(United States)
11539:
11514:
11509:Giorgos Seferis
11490:
11465:
11458:
11428:
11423:
11361:
11353:
11350:(United States)
11344:(United States)
11342:Joseph Erlanger
11328:
11309:
11290:
11266:
11247:
11240:
11210:
11205:
11143:
11135:
11119:
11116:(Great Britain)
11100:
11081:
11051:
11035:
11028:
10998:
10993:
10988:to be announced
10982:
10971:
10958:Ales Bialiatski
10952:
10937:
10926:
10915:
10900:
10889:
10878:
10867:
10852:
10841:
10830:
10825:Tawakkol Karman
10811:
10800:
10789:
10778:
10763:
10748:
10733:
10728:Wangari Maathai
10722:
10711:
10700:
10685:
10674:
10666:
10658:
10646:
10634:
10622:
10610:
10594:
10582:
10574:
10566:
10558:
10550:
10542:
10534:
10526:
10518:
10510:
10502:
10490:
10482:
10474:
10466:
10454:
10446:
10434:
10423:
10418:Andrei Sakharov
10415:
10403:
10398:Henry Kissinger
10388:
10382:
10381:
10370:
10359:
10348:
10337:
10329:
10328:
10320:
10319:
10308:
10297:
10285:
10277:
10269:
10261:
10253:
10245:
10237:
10231:
10230:
10224:
10223:
10215:
10207:
10199:
10191:
10180:
10172:
10164:
10158:
10157:
10145:
10133:
10125:
10117:
10111:
10110:
10104:
10103:
10097:
10096:
10090:
10089:
10083:
10082:
10074:
10066:
10058:
10050:
10042:
10034:
10028:
10027:
10022:Nicholas Butler
10015:
10007:
9999:
9993:
9992:
9980:
9971:Aristide Briand
9968:
9957:
9945:
9939:
9938:
9932:
9931:
9926:Fridtjof Nansen
9923:
9918:Christian Lange
9911:
9903:
9895:
9889:
9888:
9880:
9874:
9873:
9867:
9866:
9860:
9859:
9851:
9843:
9831:
9823:
9811:
9799:
9787:
9779:
9771:
9763:
9755:
9743:
9728:
9717:
9708:
9678:
9665:
9660:
9658:
9651:
9640:
9639:
9636:
9625:
9624:
9622:(former member)
9621:
9610:
9609:
9606:
9595:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9574:
9573:
9570:
9559:
9558:
9555:
9544:
9543:
9536:
9525:
9520:
9518:
9515:
9504:
9503:
9496:
9485:
9484:
9481:
9470:
9469:
9466:
9455:
9436:
9417:
9412:
9410:
9399:
9398:
9387:
9386:
9375:
9374:
9363:
9362:
9351:
9350:
9339:
9338:
9327:
9326:
9315:
9314:
9303:
9302:
9291:
9290:
9279:
9278:
9267:
9266:
9255:
9254:
9243:
9242:
9231:
9230:
9219:
9218:
9207:
9206:
9195:
9194:
9183:
9182:
9171:
9170:
9159:
9158:
9147:
9146:
9135:
9134:
9123:
9122:
9111:
9110:
9099:
9098:
9087:
9086:
9075:
9074:
9063:
9062:
9051:
9050:
9039:
9038:
9027:
9026:
9015:
9014:
9003:
9002:
8991:
8990:
8988:Solomon Islands
8979:
8978:
8967:
8966:
8955:
8954:
8943:
8942:
8931:
8930:
8919:
8918:
8907:
8906:
8895:
8894:
8883:
8882:
8871:
8870:
8859:
8858:
8847:
8846:
8835:
8834:
8823:
8818:
8816:
8805:
8804:
8793:
8792:
8781:
8780:
8769:
8768:
8757:
8756:
8745:
8744:
8737:
8726:
8725:
8714:
8713:
8702:
8701:
8689:
8688:
8677:
8676:
8665:
8664:
8653:
8652:
8641:
8640:
8629:
8628:
8617:
8616:
8605:
8604:
8602:North Macedonia
8593:
8592:
8581:
8580:
8569:
8568:
8557:
8556:
8545:
8544:
8533:
8532:
8521:
8520:
8509:
8508:
8497:
8496:
8485:
8484:
8473:
8472:
8461:
8460:
8449:
8448:
8437:
8436:
8425:
8424:
8413:
8412:
8401:
8400:
8389:
8388:
8377:
8376:
8365:
8364:
8353:
8352:
8341:
8340:
8329:
8328:
8317:
8316:
8305:
8304:
8293:
8292:
8281:
8280:
8269:
8268:
8257:
8256:
8245:
8244:
8233:
8232:
8221:
8216:
8214:
8203:
8202:
8191:
8190:
8179:
8178:
8167:
8166:
8155:
8154:
8143:
8142:
8131:
8130:
8119:
8118:
8107:
8106:
8095:
8094:
8083:
8082:
8071:
8070:
8059:
8058:
8047:
8046:
8035:
8034:
8023:
8022:
8011:
8010:
7999:
7998:
7987:
7986:
7975:
7974:
7963:
7962:
7951:
7950:
7939:
7938:
7927:
7926:
7915:
7914:
7903:
7902:
7891:
7890:
7879:
7878:
7867:
7866:
7855:
7854:
7843:
7842:
7831:
7830:
7819:
7818:
7807:
7806:
7795:
7794:
7783:
7782:
7771:
7770:
7759:
7758:
7747:
7746:
7735:
7734:
7723:
7722:
7711:
7710:
7699:
7698:
7687:
7686:
7675:
7674:
7667:
7656:
7655:
7644:
7643:
7632:
7627:
7625:
7614:
7613:
7602:
7601:
7590:
7589:
7578:
7577:
7570:
7559:
7558:
7547:
7546:
7535:
7534:
7527:
7516:
7515:
7504:
7503:
7492:
7491:
7484:
7473:
7472:
7461:
7460:
7449:
7448:
7437:
7436:
7429:
7418:
7417:
7406:
7405:
7394:
7393:
7382:
7381:
7370:
7369:
7358:
7357:
7346:
7345:
7334:
7333:
7322:
7321:
7310:
7309:
7298:
7297:
7286:
7285:
7274:
7273:
7262:
7261:
7250:
7249:
7238:
7237:
7226:
7225:
7214:
7213:
7202:
7201:
7189:
7188:
7177:
7176:
7165:
7164:
7153:
7152:
7141:
7140:
7129:
7128:
7117:
7116:
7105:
7104:
7093:
7092:
7081:
7080:
7069:
7068:
7057:
7056:
7045:
7044:
7033:
7032:
7021:
7020:
7009:
6990:
6973:
6953:
6942:
6937:
6935:
6930:
6928:
6923:
6921:
6915:
6910:
6880:
6875:
6865:
6863:
6855:
6779:
6634:
6577:Ayuda en AcciĂłn
6248:
6227:(France, Spain)
6085:(France, Spain)
6064:
6050:
6042:
6033:
6003:
5998:
5978:
5976:
5970:
5931:
5829:
5823:
5782:Regional bodies
5777:
5735:
5729:
5698:
5685:
5655:
5650:
5639:
5632:
5591:
5560:
5514:
5503:Sphere Handbook
5475:
5469:
5388:
5342:
5318:Jemilah Mahmood
5308:Winnie Byanyima
5281:
5234:
5203:
5177:
5086:
5048:
5004:
4994:
4958:reform attempts
4957:
4951:
4927:
4886:
4873:
4859:Humanitarianism
4838:
4833:
4746:
4741:
4736:Wayback Machine
4724:Wayback Machine
4691:Neville Wylie:
4669:
4664:
4649:Dromi, Shai M.
4628:
4466:Dunant, Henry.
4441:
4436:
4431:
4430:
4423:
4407:
4403:
4393:
4391:
4378:
4374:
4367:
4353:
4349:
4339:
4337:
4324:
4320:
4289:
4285:
4278:
4258:
4254:
4244:
4242:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4219:
4215:
4206:
4202:
4193:
4189:
4180:
4176:
4167:
4163:
4154:
4150:
4141:
4137:
4128:
4124:
4114:
4112:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4088:
4086:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4062:
4060:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4040:Wayback Machine
4031:
4027:
4018:
4014:
4005:
4001:
3994:Wayback Machine
3983:
3979:
3972:Wayback Machine
3962:
3958:
3949:
3945:
3936:
3932:
3923:
3919:
3910:
3906:
3896:
3894:
3879:
3875:
3869:Wayback Machine
3860:
3856:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3833:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3814:
3812:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3793:Wayback Machine
3784:
3780:
3774:Wayback Machine
3764:
3760:
3751:
3747:
3737:
3735:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3714:Wayback Machine
3703:
3699:
3689:
3687:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3659:
3657:
3604:
3600:
3590:
3588:
3577:
3573:
3568:Wayback Machine
3558:
3554:
3540:
3538:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3510:
3508:
3493:
3489:
3479:
3477:
3474:Washington Post
3465:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3434:
3430:
3420:
3418:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3389:
3387:
3376:
3372:
3361:
3359:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3340:Wayback Machine
3326:
3322:
3316:Wayback Machine
3306:
3302:
3291:
3287:
3270:
3266:
3254:
3252:
3243:
3242:
3230:
3226:
3218:
3204:
3200:
3192:
3178:
3174:
3166:
3152:
3148:
3138:
3136:
3121:
3117:
3105:
3103:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3084:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3023:
3017:
3013:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2987:
2985:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2962:
2958:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2924:
2920:
2897:
2893:
2883:
2881:
2874:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2842:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2800:
2799:on 3 March 2023
2796:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2770:Wayback Machine
2761:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2690:
2688:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2665:
2663:
2656:
2630:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2496:Gustave Moynier
2377:
2303:
2283:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2082:
2043:
2012:
1986:Gustave Moynier
1954:
1934:
1850:
1841:
1816:
1796:
1770:
1735:
1725:
1687:
1664:tracing service
1638:
1594:
1592:Characteristics
1588:
1482:Ricardo Munguia
1328:
1316:
1241:
1216:observer status
1154:
1122:Mauthausen Camp
1118:Louis Haefliger
1077:
1076:
993:, Poland, 1940.
983:
977:
961:Interwar period
957:
892:Nansen passport
882:Fridtjof Nansen
824:
787:When the first
723:
712:
710:
699:
697:
686:
684:
673:
671:
660:
658:
647:
645:
634:
632:
621:
619:
606:
595:
593:
582:
580:
569:
567:
506:Austrian Empire
442:Gustave Moynier
363:
358:
344:(IFRC) and 191
315:armed conflicts
252:
244:
239:
238:
221:
213:
211:
204:
192:
180:
168:
160:Humanitarianism
148:
134:
132:
128:
125:
120:
117:
115:
113:
112:
71:
69:
66:
46:
40:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11751:
11741:
11740:
11735:
11730:
11725:
11720:
11715:
11710:
11705:
11700:
11695:
11690:
11673:
11672:
11670:
11669:
11664:
11659:
11654:
11649:
11644:
11639:
11634:
11629:
11624:
11619:
11614:
11606:
11603:
11602:
11600:
11599:
11593:
11587:
11580:
11578:
11572:
11571:
11569:
11568:
11562:
11556:
11549:
11547:
11541:
11540:
11538:
11537:
11531:
11524:
11522:
11516:
11515:
11513:
11512:
11505:
11503:
11492:
11491:
11489:
11488:
11482:
11475:
11473:
11467:
11466:
11457:
11456:
11449:
11442:
11434:
11425:
11424:
11422:
11421:
11416:
11411:
11406:
11401:
11396:
11391:
11386:
11381:
11376:
11371:
11366:
11358:
11355:
11354:
11352:
11351:
11345:
11338:
11336:
11330:
11329:
11327:
11326:
11319:
11317:
11311:
11310:
11308:
11307:
11300:
11298:
11292:
11291:
11289:
11288:
11281:
11279:
11268:
11267:
11265:
11264:
11257:
11255:
11249:
11248:
11239:
11238:
11231:
11224:
11216:
11207:
11206:
11204:
11203:
11198:
11193:
11188:
11183:
11178:
11173:
11168:
11163:
11158:
11153:
11148:
11140:
11137:
11136:
11134:
11133:
11129:
11127:
11121:
11120:
11118:
11117:
11110:
11108:
11102:
11101:
11099:
11098:
11091:
11089:
11083:
11082:
11080:
11079:
11073:
11066:
11064:
11053:
11052:
11050:
11049:
11045:
11043:
11037:
11036:
11027:
11026:
11019:
11012:
11004:
10995:
10994:
10992:
10991:
10980:
10969:
10950:
10947:Dmitry Muratov
10935:
10924:
10913:
10898:
10887:
10876:
10865:
10850:
10839:
10836:European Union
10828:
10809:
10798:
10787:
10776:
10761:
10758:Muhammad Yunus
10746:
10731:
10720:
10709:
10698:
10691:United Nations
10682:
10680:
10676:
10675:
10673:
10672:
10664:
10656:
10644:
10632:
10620:
10617:Joseph Rotblat
10608:
10592:
10589:F. W. de Klerk
10585:Nelson Mandela
10580:
10572:
10564:
10556:
10548:
10540:
10532:
10524:
10516:
10508:
10500:
10488:
10480:
10472:
10464:
10461:Menachem Begin
10452:
10444:
10437:Betty Williams
10431:
10429:
10425:
10424:
10422:
10421:
10413:
10401:
10386:
10379:
10368:
10365:Norman Borlaug
10357:
10346:
10335:
10326:
10317:
10306:
10295:
10283:
10275:
10267:
10264:Albert Luthuli
10259:
10251:
10243:
10235:
10228:
10221:
10213:
10205:
10197:
10188:
10186:
10182:
10181:
10179:
10178:
10170:
10162:
10155:
10143:
10131:
10123:
10115:
10108:
10101:
10094:
10087:
10080:
10072:
10064:
10056:
10048:
10040:
10032:
10025:
10013:
10005:
9997:
9990:
9978:
9965:
9963:
9959:
9958:
9956:
9955:
9943:
9936:
9929:
9921:
9909:
9906:LĂ©on Bourgeois
9901:
9898:Woodrow Wilson
9893:
9886:
9878:
9871:
9864:
9857:
9849:
9841:
9829:
9821:
9809:
9802:Klas Arnoldson
9797:
9790:Ernesto Moneta
9785:
9777:
9769:
9761:
9753:
9741:
9738:Frédéric Passy
9725:
9723:
9719:
9718:
9707:
9706:
9699:
9692:
9684:
9675:
9674:
9671:
9670:
9667:
9666:
9662:
9661:
9593:
9591:
9568:Ossetia, South
9523:
9521:
9453:
9451:
9445:
9438:
9437:
9427:
9426:
9423:
9422:
9419:
9418:
9414:
9413:
9300:United Kingdom
8821:
8819:
8219:
8217:
7630:
7628:
7599:Czech Republic
7007:
7005:
6999:
6992:
6991:
6979:
6978:
6975:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6965:
6958:
6955:
6954:
6944:
6943:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6909:
6908:
6901:
6894:
6886:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6873:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6787:
6785:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6646:
6644:
6640:
6639:
6636:
6635:
6633:
6632:
6622:LĂ€karmissionen
6611:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6547:
6506:
6445:
6428:
6394:Die Johanniter
6379:
6353:Ćuvre d'Orient
6314:
6297:
6288:
6271:
6266:
6256:
6254:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6240:
6234:
6228:
6222:
6216:
6210:
6204:
6201:Islamic Relief
6198:
6144:
6113:Czech Republic
6098:
6092:
6086:
6079:
6077:
6070:
6066:
6065:
6063:
6062:
6057:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6032:
6031:
6024:
6017:
6009:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5996:
5991:
5985:
5983:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5942:
5940:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5837:European Union
5833:
5831:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5785:
5783:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5739:
5737:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5699:
5687:International
5684:
5683:
5676:
5669:
5661:
5652:
5651:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5613:Crisis mapping
5610:
5605:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5587:Neocolonialism
5584:
5579:
5574:
5568:
5566:
5565:Related fields
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5506:
5505:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5479:
5477:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5430:Typhoon Haiyan
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5389:
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3331:29 June 2007.
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2035:Marcel Naville
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753:was convened.
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11553:Eugene Wigner
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9806:Fredrik Bajer
9803:
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9794:Louis Renault
9791:
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9778:
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9754:
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9747:
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9479:Cyprus, North
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9312:United States
9307:
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9277:
9271:
9265:
9259:
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8267:
8266:Liechtenstein
8261:
8255:
8249:
8243:
8237:
8231:
8225:
8218:
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8213:
8207:
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7973:
7967:
7961:
7955:
7949:
7943:
7937:
7931:
7925:
7919:
7913:
7912:Guinea-Bissau
7907:
7901:
7895:
7889:
7883:
7877:
7871:
7865:
7859:
7853:
7847:
7841:
7835:
7829:
7823:
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7811:
7805:
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7757:
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7606:
7600:
7594:
7588:
7582:
7574:
7569:
7563:
7557:
7551:
7545:
7544:CĂŽte d'Ivoire
7539:
7531:
7526:
7520:
7514:
7508:
7502:
7496:
7488:
7483:
7477:
7471:
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7459:
7453:
7447:
7441:
7433:
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7206:
7199:
7193:
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7175:
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7139:
7133:
7127:
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7109:
7103:
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7055:
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7025:
7019:
7013:
7006:
7003:
7002:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6984:
6980:
6969:
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6963:
6960:
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6914:
6907:
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6895:
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6888:
6887:
6884:
6872:
6862:
6861:
6858:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6836:Hungary Helps
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
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6789:
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6708:
6706:
6703:
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6698:
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6688:
6686:
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6681:
6678:
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6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6645:
6641:
6631:
6627:
6626:PMU Interlife
6623:
6619:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6606:
6602:
6598:
6597:Medicus Mundi
6594:
6590:
6586:
6585:Entreculturas
6582:
6578:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6555:
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6346:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6330:
6326:
6322:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6309:
6305:
6304:FinnChurchAid
6301:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6283:
6279:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
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6232:
6229:
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6172:
6168:
6164:
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6145:
6142:
6138:
6134:
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6126:
6122:
6118:
6114:
6110:
6106:
6102:
6099:
6096:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6084:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6076:International
6074:
6071:
6067:
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6058:
6055:
6054:
6049:
6048:
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6041:
6037:
6030:
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6018:
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6007:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5982:
5973:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5961:Emergency NGO
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5939:
5934:
5928:
5925:
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5898:
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5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5828:Multi-lateral
5826:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
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5774:
5771:
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5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5734:International
5732:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5692:organisations
5690:
5682:
5677:
5675:
5670:
5668:
5663:
5662:
5659:
5649:
5648:
5643:
5635:
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5609:
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5604:
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5321:
5319:
5316:
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5309:
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5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5290:
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5284:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
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5119:
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5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5005:organizations
5001:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4970:Grand Bargain
4968:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4954:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4930:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4887:the Red Cross
4883:
4880:
4876:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4837:
4830:
4825:
4823:
4818:
4816:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4766:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4660:
4659:9780226680248
4656:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4644:0-7103-0519-2
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4623:
4619:
4614:
4612:
4611:0-7509-4147-2
4608:
4604:
4600:
4598:
4597:0-333-74771-2
4594:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4582:0-00-638883-3
4579:
4575:
4574:0-00-255141-1
4571:
4567:
4563:
4561:
4560:0-8133-3367-9
4557:
4553:
4549:
4547:
4546:2-88145-074-1
4543:
4539:
4535:
4533:
4532:2-88044-009-2
4529:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4518:2-88044-012-2
4515:
4511:
4507:
4505:
4504:90-247-3064-3
4501:
4497:
4493:
4491:
4490:3-258-04719-7
4487:
4483:
4479:
4477:
4476:2-88145-006-7
4473:
4469:
4465:
4463:
4462:0-521-61281-0
4459:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4424:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4405:
4389:
4385:
4384:
4376:
4368:
4362:
4358:
4351:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4287:
4279:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4256:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4223:
4217:
4210:
4204:
4197:
4191:
4184:
4178:
4171:
4165:
4158:
4152:
4145:
4139:
4132:
4126:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4058:
4054:
4048:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4029:
4022:
4016:
4009:
4003:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3960:
3953:
3952:La Protection
3947:
3940:
3934:
3927:
3921:
3914:
3908:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3858:
3839:
3832:
3826:
3811:on 9 May 2012
3810:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3782:
3775:
3771:
3768:
3762:
3755:
3749:
3733:
3729:
3723:
3717:. 7 May 2006.
3716:
3715:
3711:
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3647:
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3586:
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3447:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3416:
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3408:
3402:
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3374:
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3341:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3304:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3281:977-416-105-X
3278:
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3268:
3260:
3247:
3239:
3235:
3228:
3219:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3193:
3187:
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3126:
3119:
3111:
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3053:
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3006:
2999:
2983:
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2960:
2953:
2947:
2939:
2933:
2929:
2922:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2895:
2879:
2875:
2873:9780226680248
2869:
2865:
2864:
2856:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2823:0-7509-4147-2
2820:
2814:
2795:
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2784:
2778:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2759:
2743:
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2466:
2463:
2460:
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2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2435:Alfonso Gomez
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2411:Pierre Cormon
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2355:
2354:interrogation
2351:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2320:
2319:John MacAulay
2316:
2312:
2307:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2291:Star of David
2288:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2251:
2242:
2233:
2215:
2210:
2205:Peter Maurer,
2201:
2196:
2187:
2182:
2173:
2168:
2159:
2154:
2145:
2140:
2131:
2126:
2121:Gustave Ador,
2117:
2112:
2103:
2098:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2054:Alexandre Hay
2051:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2029:Samuel Gonard
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1952:The President
1949:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1939:Olivier Vodoz
1929:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1908:Renée Bordier
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1879:legal scholar
1876:
1872:
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1323:
1321:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1295:
1294:ICRC archives
1290:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:The Holocaust
1250:
1246:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1221:Vieri Traxler
1217:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:Victor Maurer
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1105:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1059:Sachsenhausen
1056:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
992:
987:
982:
972:
970:
966:
962:
952:
948:
944:
939:
934:
932:
931:United States
928:
924:
920:
916:
915:Great Britain
912:
908:
904:
899:
896:
894:
893:
888:
883:
879:
874:
869:
867:
863:
858:
853:
851:
847:
842:
838:
828:
819:
817:
813:
809:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
785:
783:
779:
773:
767:
763:
758:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
732:
729:
728:
727:
720:
709:
707:
696:
694:
683:
681:
670:
668:
657:
655:
644:
642:
641:French Empire
631:
629:
618:
616:
605:
603:
592:
590:
579:
577:
566:
565:
563:
561:
551:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
530:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
469:
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459:
455:
451:
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443:
438:
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412:
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392:
388:
384:
377:
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371:
367:
353:
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334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
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308:
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295:
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185:
182:
176:
173:
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164:
161:
158:
154:
150:
144:
139:
111:
107:
104:, Switzerland
103:
100:
96:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
64:
60:
54:
49:
44:
38:
32:
26:
22:
11733:Henry Dunant
11641:
11527:
11485:Giulio Natta
11479:Karl Ziegler
11393:
11303:
11175:
11094:
10987:
10964: /
10960: /
10945: /
10908: /
10860: /
10823: /
10819: /
10795:Barack Obama
10771: /
10756: /
10754:Grameen Bank
10741: /
10717:Shirin Ebadi
10706:Jimmy Carter
10693: /
10679:2001âpresent
10669:Kim Dae-jung
10651: /
10639: /
10627: /
10615: /
10603: /
10599: /
10597:Shimon Peres
10587: /
10513:Desmond Tutu
10495: /
10459: /
10439: /
10408: /
10396: /
10390:
10376:Willy Brandt
10290: /
10287:
10248:Georges Pire
10194:LĂ©on Jouhaux
10175:Ralph Bunche
10150: /
10138: /
10128:Cordell Hull
10119:
10069:Robert Cecil
10020: /
9985: /
9973: /
9950: /
9916: /
9882:
9838:Alfred Fried
9836: /
9834:Tobias Asser
9816: /
9804: /
9792: /
9748: /
9736: /
9734:Henry Dunant
9649:Vatican City
9637:(non-member)
9634:Transnistria
9607:(non-member)
9594:
9571:(non-member)
9556:(non-member)
9524:
9516:(non-member)
9482:(non-member)
9454:
9240:Turkmenistan
9012:South Africa
8940:Sierra Leone
8892:Saudi Arabia
8822:
8700:(suspended)
8220:
8152:Korea, South
8140:Korea, North
7631:
7513:Cook Islands
7331:Burkina Faso
7200:(suspended)
7008:
6961:
6649:
6496:Un Ponte Per
6422:Sign of Hope
6278:DanChurchAid
6243:World Vision
6051:
6036:Humanitarian
5988:
5736:institutions
5696:institutions
5689:human rights
5638:
5582:Peacekeeping
5572:Human Rights
5483:CHS Alliance
5476:power, abuse
5415:2004 tsunami
5328:Peter Maurer
5189:NEAR Network
5168:World Vision
5066:
5003:Humanitarian
4975:Localisation
4956:21st-century
4903:
4894:Henry Dunant
4710:
4703:
4696:
4692:
4685:
4681:
4674:
4650:
4635:
4617:
4602:
4588:
4565:
4551:
4537:
4523:
4509:
4495:
4481:
4480:Haug, Hans.
4467:
4453:
4446:
4434:Bibliography
4411:
4404:
4392:, retrieved
4388:the original
4382:
4375:
4356:
4350:
4338:, retrieved
4328:
4321:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4262:
4255:
4243:. Retrieved
4229:
4221:
4216:
4208:
4203:
4195:
4190:
4182:
4177:
4169:
4164:
4156:
4151:
4143:
4138:
4130:
4125:
4113:. Retrieved
4099:
4087:. Retrieved
4073:
4061:. Retrieved
4047:
4028:
4020:
4015:
4007:
4002:
3985:
3980:
3964:
3959:
3951:
3946:
3938:
3933:
3925:
3920:
3912:
3907:
3895:. Retrieved
3886:
3876:
3857:
3845:. Retrieved
3825:
3813:. Retrieved
3809:the original
3799:
3781:
3761:
3753:
3748:
3736:. Retrieved
3722:
3707:The Mission.
3705:
3700:
3688:. Retrieved
3679:
3670:
3658:. Retrieved
3615:
3611:
3601:
3591:12 September
3589:. Retrieved
3585:www.icrc.org
3584:
3574:
3555:
3546:
3539:. Retrieved
3530:
3521:
3509:. Retrieved
3501:www.icrc.org
3500:
3490:
3478:. Retrieved
3472:
3462:
3450:. Retrieved
3431:
3419:. Retrieved
3410:
3401:
3388:. Retrieved
3373:
3360:. Retrieved
3346:
3328:
3323:
3303:
3294:
3288:
3272:
3267:
3246:cite journal
3227:
3207:
3201:
3181:
3175:
3155:
3149:
3137:. Retrieved
3129:www.icrc.org
3128:
3118:
3097:cite journal
3085:. Retrieved
3071:
3059:. Retrieved
3031:
3027:
3014:
3004:
2998:
2986:. Retrieved
2972:
2964:
2959:
2951:
2946:
2927:
2921:
2907:(2): 79â97.
2904:
2900:
2894:
2882:. Retrieved
2862:
2855:
2843:. Retrieved
2829:
2813:
2801:. Retrieved
2794:the original
2789:
2777:
2758:
2746:. Retrieved
2728:
2716:. Retrieved
2702:
2689:. Retrieved
2675:
2664:, retrieved
2637:
2627:
2615:. Retrieved
2595:
2583:. Retrieved
2563:
2529:
2486:Peter Maurer
2447:Marcel Junod
2423:Henry Dunant
2367:appear more
2358:
2343:
2324:
2284:
2271:
2255:
2239:
2230:
2072:Peter Maurer
2010:Paul Ruegger
1992:Gustave Ador
1980:Henri Dufour
1972:
1966:
1959:
1955:
1947:
1935:
1919:
1912:
1868:
1859:
1842:
1833:
1829:interpreters
1817:
1814:Organization
1797:
1784:
1775:
1771:
1747:
1736:
1719:
1703:
1688:
1685:Legal status
1679:
1669:to organize
1639:
1626:Red Crescent
1622:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1601:
1587:
1580:
1461:Nowije Atagi
1329:
1317:
1307:
1303:
1258:
1242:
1225:
1209:
1202:
1182:
1155:
1146:
1110:
1086:
1082:
1073:Nazi Germany
1069:Marcel Junod
1043:
1039:
1031:Soviet Union
1023:mass murders
1017:-controlled
1010:
1000:
996:
975:World War II
958:
949:
945:
941:
936:
900:
897:
890:
870:
854:
841:Swiss francs
833:
805:
786:
782:Clara Barton
774:
770:
736:
724:
573:
556:
470:
466:
434:
414:
391:Napoléon III
387:Henry Dunant
380:
373:
372:, author of
370:Henry Dunant
335:
329:, and other
296:
288:rules of war
271:
267:
265:
98:Headquarters
25:
11598:(Australia)
11584:John Eccles
11462:Nobel Prize
11244:Nobel Prize
11032:Nobel Prize
10943:Maria Ressa
10910:Nadia Murad
10625:Carlos Belo
10537:Ăscar Arias
10529:Elie Wiesel
10505:Lech WaĆÄsa
10493:Alva Myrdal
10457:Anwar Sadat
10410:Eisaku SatĆ
10343:René Cassin
10136:Emily Balch
10018:Jane Addams
9467:(no-member)
9168:Timor-Leste
9096:Switzerland
9024:South Sudan
8832:Saint Lucia
8738: [
8711:Philippines
8554:New Zealand
8542:Netherlands
7696:El Salvador
7668: [
7571: [
7528: [
7485: [
7430: [
7150:The Bahamas
7018:Afghanistan
6525:Mercy Corps
6183:Netherlands
6137:Netherlands
5298:Jan Egeland
5182:Consortiums
5143:Mercy Corps
5012:UN agencies
4089:11 December
4063:11 December
3897:10 December
3511:4 September
3139:13 November
3087:13 November
2502:Jean Pictet
2459:Daniel Koch
2381:Louis Appia
2295:Red Crystal
2179:(1932-2024)
2165:(1919-1991)
2151:(1891-1974)
2137:(1874-1960)
2123:(1845-1928)
2109:(1826-1910)
2095:(1787-1875)
2070:2012â2022:
2064:2000â2012:
2058:1987â1999:
2052:1976â1987:
2044: [
2039:1973â1976:
2033:1969â1973:
2027:1964â1969:
2021:1955â1964:
2013: [
2008:1948â1955:
2002:1945â1948:
1996:1928â1944:
1990:1910â1928:
1984:1864â1910:
1978:1863â1864:
1904:Lucie Odier
1890:suffragette
1839:Directorate
1825:agronomists
1733:Legal basis
1630:Red Crystal
1566:Hauwa Liman
1421:Yugoslavian
1272:Jean Pictet
1170:Palestinian
1138:Dachau Camp
1126:Paul Dunant
1055:RavensbrĂŒck
822:World War I
452:, from the
446:Louis Appia
307:Protocol II
284:Nobel Prize
133: /
109:Coordinates
11682:Categories
11496:Literature
11272:Literature
11057:Literature
10921:Abiy Ahmed
10806:Liu Xiaobo
10695:Kofi Annan
10392:LĂȘ Äức Thá»
9846:Elihu Root
9604:Somaliland
9336:Uzbekistan
9132:Tajikistan
8928:Seychelles
8868:San Marino
8494:Mozambique
8470:Montenegro
8386:Mauritania
8302:Madagascar
8290:Luxembourg
8176:Kyrgyzstan
8104:Kazakhstan
7525:Costa Rica
7391:Cape Verde
7174:Bangladesh
7138:Azerbaijan
6775:World Bank
6725:UN-HABITAT
6695:UNDP MPTFO
6382:arche noVa
6175:Luxembourg
6133:Luxembourg
5474:Standards,
4220:Forsythe,
4207:Forsythe,
4181:Forsythe,
4115:17 January
4019:Forsythe,
4006:Forsythe,
3954:, 1138â41.
3937:Forsythe,
3924:Forsythe,
3911:Forsythe,
3660:29 January
3480:15 October
3452:15 October
3421:19 October
3390:19 October
2884:4 February
2748:13 October
2666:1 February
2555:References
2369:legitimate
2269:the ICRC.
2135:Max Huber,
1922:neutrality
1710:immunities
1671:protection
1628:, and the
1618:Swiss flag
1232:Srebrenica
1051:Buchenwald
965:Gran Chaco
929:, and the
747:Dutch Army
462:Swiss Army
303:Protocol I
118:46°13âČ40âłN
72:1863-02-17
11567:(Germany)
11481:(Germany)
11471:Chemistry
11464:laureates
11287:(Denmark)
11263:(Germany)
11261:Otto Hahn
11253:Chemistry
11246:laureates
11078:(Denmark)
11072:(Denmark)
11041:Chemistry
11034:laureates
10649:John Hume
10428:1976â2000
10185:1951â1975
10140:John Mott
9962:1926â1950
9722:1901â1925
9711:Laureates
9494:Hong Kong
9360:Venezuela
9048:Sri Lanka
8952:Singapore
8650:Palestine
8566:Nicaragua
8398:Mauritius
8278:Lithuania
7996:Indonesia
7888:Guatemala
7114:Australia
7090:Argentina
6755:UNSECOORD
6476:Emergency
6448:ActionAid
6295:MTĂ Mondo
5374:ECHO (EU)
5369:FCDO (UK)
5323:Hugo Slim
5293:Degan Ali
5272:ReliefWeb
4313:145620765
4245:6 October
3950:Bugnion,
3632:0820-3946
3362:28 August
3329:BBC News.
3048:145129127
2441:Max Huber
2315:King Olav
1998:Max Huber
1875:historian
1715:embassies
1490:Tirin Kot
1268:Max Huber
1174:West Bank
1164:, by the
1097:Eindhoven
955:Chaco War
873:postcards
866:POW camps
812:The Hague
739:Oldenburg
399:Solferino
327:civilians
319:prisoners
278:based in
167:President
151:Worldwide
62:Formation
11511:(Greece)
10962:Memorial
9464:Abkhazia
9408:Zimbabwe
9372:Viet Nam
9156:Thailand
9144:Tanzania
9072:Suriname
8976:Slovenia
8964:Slovakia
8735:Portugal
8686:Paraguay
8626:Pakistan
8458:Mongolia
8338:Maldives
8326:Malaysia
8128:Kiribati
7948:Honduras
7756:Ethiopia
7744:Eswatini
7641:Dominica
7623:Djibouti
7458:Colombia
7367:Cameroon
7355:Cambodia
7319:Bulgaria
7283:Botswana
7186:Barbados
6784:Agencies
6760:UN Women
6618:Diakonia
6605:Mundubat
6484:INTERSOS
6443:TrĂłcaire
6373:Triangle
6253:National
5445:Iraq War
4732:Archived
4720:Archived
4667:Articles
4334:archived
4239:Archived
4142:Ryfman,
4109:Archived
4083:Archived
4057:Archived
4036:Archived
3990:Archived
3968:Archived
3928:, 203-6.
3891:Archived
3865:Archived
3838:Archived
3789:Archived
3770:Archived
3732:Archived
3710:Archived
3690:17 April
3684:Archived
3676:"Emblem"
3654:Archived
3650:21859874
3564:Archived
3535:Archived
3505:Archived
3503:. ICRC.
3446:Archived
3442:BBC News
3415:Archived
3384:Archived
3356:Archived
3336:Archived
3312:Archived
3133:Archived
3081:Archived
3052:Archived
2988:17 April
2982:Archived
2878:Archived
2839:Archived
2766:Archived
2742:Archived
2718:17 April
2712:Archived
2685:Archived
2683:. 2007.
2660:archived
2617:26 April
2608:Archived
2585:26 April
2576:Archived
2221:(1972- )
2207:(1956- )
2193:(1944- )
1915:Cold War
1863:co-opted
1848:Assembly
1486:Kandahar
1459:city of
1425:Sarajevo
1423:city of
1332:Cold War
1298:archives
1099:in 1944.
545:colours.
397:town of
323:refugees
229:Award(s)
203:Budget
121:6°8âČ14âłE
11545:Physics
11487:(Italy)
11315:Physics
11106:Physics
10769:Al Gore
9713:of the
9348:Vanuatu
9324:Uruguay
9276:Ukraine
9216:Tunisia
9000:Somalia
8904:Senegal
8778:Romania
8590:Nigeria
8518:Namibia
8506:Myanmar
8482:Morocco
8434:Moldova
8242:Liberia
8230:Lesotho
8212:Lebanon
8068:Jamaica
8032:Ireland
7972:Iceland
7960:Hungary
7876:Grenada
7840:Germany
7828:Georgia
7780:Finland
7732:Estonia
7720:Eritrea
7665:Ecuador
7611:Denmark
7556:Croatia
7470:Comoros
7343:Burundi
7259:Bolivia
7211:Belgium
7198:Belarus
7162:Bahrain
7126:Austria
7102:Armenia
7054:Andorra
7042:Algeria
7030:Albania
6705:UNESCAP
6568:AKF PRT
6509:Cordaid
6504:WeWorld
6171:Germany
6163:Finland
6159:Denmark
6155:Belgium
6151:Austria
6129:Ireland
6125:Germany
6117:Denmark
6109:Belgium
6105:Austria
6060:DG ECHO
4878:History
4782:at the
4757:- vidéo
4646:, 1995.
4394:17 July
4340:17 July
3641:3176880
3541:8 March
3061:20 June
3008:. 1948.
2845:11 June
2803:3 March
2542:Spanish
2365:regimes
1636:Mission
1506:Baghdad
1457:Chechen
959:In the
766:Germany
395:Italian
383:nursing
356:History
274:) is a
249:Website
220:Staff
90:Purpose
70: (
10667:2000:
10659:1999:
10647:1998:
10635:1997:
10623:1996:
10611:1995:
10595:1994:
10583:1993:
10575:1992:
10567:1991:
10559:1990:
10551:1989:
10543:1988:
10535:1987:
10527:1986:
10519:1985:
10511:1984:
10503:1983:
10491:1982:
10483:1981:
10475:1980:
10467:1979:
10455:1978:
10447:1977:
10435:1976:
10416:1975:
10404:1974:
10389:1973:
10314:UNICEF
10286:1963:
10278:1962:
10270:1961:
10262:1960:
10254:1959:
10246:1958:
10238:1957:
10216:1954:
10208:1953:
10200:1952:
10192:1951:
10173:1950:
10165:1949:
10146:1947:
10134:1946:
10126:1945:
10118:1944:
10075:1938:
10067:1937:
10059:1936:
10051:1935:
10043:1934:
10035:1933:
10016:1931:
10008:1930:
10000:1929:
9981:1927:
9969:1926:
9946:1925:
9924:1922:
9912:1921:
9904:1920:
9896:1919:
9881:1917:
9852:1913:
9844:1912:
9832:1911:
9824:1910:
9812:1909:
9800:1908:
9788:1907:
9780:1906:
9772:1905:
9764:1904:
9756:1903:
9744:1902:
9647:
9632:
9619:Taiwan
9617:
9602:
9581:
9566:
9551:
9532:
9513:Kosovo
9511:
9492:
9477:
9462:
9406:
9396:Zambia
9394:
9382:
9370:
9358:
9346:
9334:
9322:
9310:
9298:
9286:
9274:
9264:Uganda
9262:
9252:Tuvalu
9250:
9238:
9228:Turkey
9226:
9214:
9202:
9190:
9178:
9166:
9154:
9142:
9130:
9118:
9106:
9094:
9084:Sweden
9082:
9070:
9058:
9046:
9034:
9022:
9010:
8998:
8986:
8974:
8962:
8950:
8938:
8926:
8916:Serbia
8914:
8902:
8890:
8878:
8866:
8854:
8842:
8830:
8812:
8802:Rwanda
8800:
8790:Russia
8788:
8776:
8764:
8752:
8733:
8723:Poland
8721:
8709:
8696:
8684:
8672:
8662:Panama
8660:
8648:
8636:
8624:
8614:Norway
8612:
8600:
8588:
8576:
8564:
8552:
8540:
8528:
8516:
8504:
8492:
8480:
8468:
8456:
8446:Monaco
8444:
8432:
8420:
8410:Mexico
8408:
8396:
8384:
8372:
8360:
8348:
8336:
8324:
8314:Malawi
8312:
8300:
8288:
8276:
8264:
8252:
8240:
8228:
8210:
8200:Latvia
8198:
8186:
8174:
8164:Kuwait
8162:
8150:
8138:
8126:
8114:
8102:
8092:Jordan
8090:
8078:
8066:
8054:
8044:Israel
8042:
8030:
8018:
8006:
7994:
7982:
7970:
7958:
7946:
7934:
7924:Guyana
7922:
7910:
7900:Guinea
7898:
7886:
7874:
7864:Greece
7862:
7850:
7838:
7826:
7816:Gambia
7814:
7802:
7792:France
7790:
7778:
7766:
7754:
7742:
7730:
7718:
7706:
7694:
7682:
7663:
7651:
7639:
7621:
7609:
7597:
7587:Cyprus
7585:
7566:
7554:
7542:
7523:
7511:
7499:
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11151:1912
11132:None
11061:1917
11048:None
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10973:2023
10954:2022
10939:2021
10928:2020
10917:2019
10902:2018
10891:2017
10880:2016
10869:2015
10854:2014
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10813:2011
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