353:
340:
418:
366:
405:
431:
514:
379:
217:, war had returned to Europe, and while those troubles were "in a distant and inaccessible region" northern Italy was "so accessible from all parts of western Europe that it instantly filled with curious observers;" while the bloodshed was not excessive the sight of it was unfamiliar and shocking. Despite its intent of ameliorating the ravages of war, the inception of the 1864 Geneva Convention inaugurated "a renewal of military activity on a large scale, to which the people of western Europe…had not been accustomed since the first Napoleon had been eliminated."
257:
288:
314:
29:
392:
268:(ICRC), while recognising that it is "primarily the duty and responsibility of a nation to safeguard the health and physical well-being of its people", knew there would always, especially in times of war, be a "need for voluntary agencies to supplement…the official agencies charged with these responsibilities in every country." To ensure that its mission was widely accepted, it required a body of rules to govern its activities and those of the involved belligerent parties.
301:
177:
629:, Director of the International Committee of the Red Cross, noted in 1951, "the law, however, always lags behind charity; it is tardy in conforming with life's realities and the needs of humankind", as such it is the duty of the Red Cross "to assist in the widening the scope of law, on the assumption that…law will retain its value", principally through the revision and expansion of these basic principles of the original Geneva Convention.
327:
119:
587:
Article 12 mandates that wounded and sick soldiers who are out of the battle should be humanely treated, and in particular should not be killed, injured, tortured, or subjected to biological experimentation. This article is the keystone of the treaty, and defines the principles from which most of the
490:
The convention "derived its obligatory force from the implied consent of the states which accepted and applied them in the conduct of their military operations." Despite its basic mandates, listed below, it was successful in effecting significant and rapid reforms. This first effort provided only
271:
Only one year later, the Swiss government invited the governments of all
European countries and the United States, Brazil, and Mexico to attend an official diplomatic conference. Sixteen countries sent a total of twenty-six delegates to Geneva. The meeting was presided over by General
619:
609:
Due to significant ambiguities in the articles with certain terms and concepts and even more so to the rapidly developing nature of war and military technology, the original articles had to be revised and expanded, largely at the Second Geneva
Conference in 1906 and
588:
treaty is derived, including the obligation to respect medical units and establishments (Chapter III), the personnel entrusted with the care of the wounded (Chapter IV), buildings and material (Chapter V), medical transports (Chapter VI), and the
688:
240:
armies in
Northern Italy. The subsequent suffering of 40,000 wounded soldiers left on the field due to lack of facilities, personnel, and truces to give them medical aid moved Dunant into action. Upon return to
2648:
2633:
1673:
2623:
2513:
1483:
2658:
2578:
1553:
2328:
2563:
2598:
2408:
1623:
2103:
1603:
2643:
2638:
2543:
2348:
1223:
1201:
2088:
1878:
1498:
2613:
2548:
2073:
1658:
1151:
982:
583:(out of the battle due to sickness or injury), as well as medical and religious personnel, and civilians in the zone of battle. Among its principal provisions:
2508:
2213:
2603:
2233:
605:"or any other impartial humanitarian organization" to provide protection and relief of wounded and sick soldiers, as well as medical and religious personnel.
2198:
622:
when minor modifications were made to it. It was again updated and replaced by the 1949 version, better known as the Final Act of Geneva
Conference, 1949.
2653:
2553:
2533:
1004:
598:
Article 16 mandates that parties to the conflict should record the identity of the dead and wounded, and transmit this information to the opposing party.
164:
After the first treaty was adopted in 1864, it was significantly revised and replaced in 1906, 1929, and finally 1949. It is inextricably linked to the
2628:
2568:
1593:
632:
For a detailed discussion of each article of the treaty, see the original text and the commentary. There are currently 196 countries party to the 1949
2248:
1643:
2663:
2573:
2618:
2593:
2528:
2518:
2493:
2203:
1798:
1478:
2538:
2483:
2303:
1678:
595:
Article 15 mandates that wounded and sick soldiers should be collected, cared for, and protected, though they may also become prisoners of war.
2413:
2158:
2033:
2588:
2458:
1568:
1473:
1350:
579:
The original ten articles of the 1864 treaty have been expanded to the current 64 articles. This lengthy treaty protects soldiers that are
2523:
2323:
2168:
1738:
1583:
276:. The conference occurred in the Alabama room at Geneva's Hotel de Ville (city hall) on 22 August 1864. The conference adopted the first
2263:
2223:
1888:
1833:
2668:
2053:
1998:
1783:
1753:
1427:
660:
95:
2608:
2378:
2298:
2293:
1973:
1903:
1503:
1224:"Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field. Geneva, 12 August 1949"
650:
280:"for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field". Representatives of 12 states signed the convention:
265:
165:
1102:"25 Years of the Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 - Original Geneva Convention of 1864 now in Geneva museum"
2583:
2488:
2418:
1713:
2423:
1813:
1763:
122:
2678:
2558:
2313:
2178:
1683:
161:. It defines "the basis on which rest the rules of international law for the protection of the victims of armed conflicts."
2193:
2123:
2018:
1101:
665:
2503:
1718:
1468:
444:
233:
194:
had been raging elsewhere since 1861, and would ultimately claim between 750,000 and 900,000 lives. Between the fall of
2498:
2478:
2448:
2003:
1853:
1085:
1060:
730:
611:
207:
2393:
2273:
2253:
2038:
1898:
1868:
1823:
1818:
1608:
2453:
2343:
2308:
2228:
2128:
1958:
1953:
1758:
1693:
1668:
1533:
1343:
2463:
2433:
2358:
2353:
2268:
2243:
2093:
2058:
2023:
2013:
1968:
1938:
1808:
1743:
1688:
1638:
1543:
1528:
1458:
504:
the recognition of the Red Cross symbol as a means of identifying persons and equipment covered by the agreement.
1318:
1152:"Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field. Geneva, 22 August 1864"
983:"Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field. Geneva, 22 August 1864"
2443:
2278:
2133:
2063:
2008:
1893:
1843:
1518:
1508:
655:
495:
the immunity from capture and destruction of all establishments for the treatment of wounded and sick soldiers,
190:
The 1864 Geneva
Convention was instituted during a critical period in European politics and the military. The
2473:
2363:
2333:
2288:
2283:
2183:
1948:
1873:
1778:
1733:
1728:
1663:
1628:
1588:
1548:
2438:
2428:
2383:
2258:
2143:
2108:
2098:
2078:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1923:
1908:
1883:
1838:
1793:
1773:
1768:
1748:
1723:
1698:
1618:
1613:
1578:
1558:
1538:
1523:
1513:
1493:
1488:
1463:
2673:
2468:
2403:
2398:
2388:
2338:
2218:
2173:
2148:
2083:
2068:
2028:
1978:
1963:
1933:
1913:
1858:
1848:
1708:
1633:
1598:
1573:
1563:
1448:
1336:
249:. He urged the calling together of an international conference and soon co-founded with the Swiss lawyer
868:
2373:
2318:
2238:
2208:
2163:
2138:
2118:
2113:
2048:
1943:
1928:
1918:
1863:
1828:
1803:
1653:
1177:
397:
1284:
Bennett, Angela, "The Geneva
Convention, the Hidden Origins of the Red Cross", Sutton Publishing, 2005
33:
The first-ever Geneva
Convention governing the sick and wounded members of armed forces was signed in
2368:
2188:
2153:
2043:
1788:
1703:
1648:
1245:
436:
168:, which is both the instigator for the inception and enforcer of the articles in these conventions.
151:
Convention pour l'amélioration du sort des blessés et des malades dans les forces armées en campagne
1388:
1378:
482:. In the past it has been loaned to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum in Geneva.
468:
220:
The movement for an international set of laws governing the treatment and care for the wounded and
1383:
602:
1453:
960:
475:
273:
105:
260:
The signing of the first-ever Geneva
Convention by some of the major European powers in 1864
452:
371:
358:
306:
8:
464:
410:
256:
229:
1029:
1005:"Watch: 70th birthday of the Geneva Conventions: Why was it signed and what does it do?"
749:
Pictet, Jean S. (1951), "The New Geneva
Conventions for the Protection of War Victims",
1359:
943:
935:
901:
849:
815:
807:
766:
645:
633:
456:
423:
277:
199:
191:
158:
1126:
143:
Convention for the
Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field
22:
Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field
1305:
1081:
1056:
947:
819:
726:
513:
927:
893:
841:
799:
758:
615:
384:
589:
250:
237:
221:
146:
1294:
Jean S. Pictet, "The New Geneva Conventions for the Protection of War Victims",
1301:
580:
448:
28:
1442:
1414:
1306:
Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field
332:
225:
203:
180:
1324:
150 years of the 1864 Geneva Convention – 150 years of humanitarian action
918:
Anderson, Chandler P. (1920), "The International Red Cross Organization",
1409:
626:
293:
214:
1404:
939:
905:
853:
811:
770:
126:
1328:
184:
176:
1204:. Geneva, Switzerland: International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC
1154:. Geneva, Switzerland: International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC
985:. Geneva, Switzerland: International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC
931:
897:
884:
Sperry, C.S. (1906), "The Revision of the Geneva Convention, 1906",
845:
803:
762:
195:
154:
1202:"Final Act of the Diplomatic Conference of Geneva, 12 August 1949"
636:, including this first treaty but also including the other three.
2649:
Treaties extended to South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
2634:
Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
460:
319:
134:
First of four treaties of the Geneva Conventions, adopted in 1864
1323:
242:
69:
34:
1270:
Chandler P. Anderson, "International Red Cross Organization",
501:
the protection of civilians providing aid to the wounded, and
345:
1674:
Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1964–1971)
2624:
Treaties extended to the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
479:
2514:
Treaties extended to the Territory of Papua and New Guinea
1078:
The Geneva Convention, the Hidden Origins of the Red Cross
1053:
The Geneva Convention, the Hidden Origins of the Red Cross
790:
Davis, George B. (1907), "The Geneva Convention of 1906",
723:
The Geneva Convention, the Hidden Origins of the Red Cross
689:"The First Geneva Convention of 1864: a historic document"
886:
Proceedings of the American Political Science Association
498:
the impartial reception and treatment of all combatants,
253:, the International Committee of the Red Cross in 1863.
2579:
Treaties extended to the Gambia Colony and Protectorate
1554:
Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
1484:
Treaties of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania
508:
210:, the powers had maintained peace in western Europe.
2659:
Treaties extended to the Kingdom of Tonga (1900–1970)
1279:
Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
834:
Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2564:
Treaties extended to the British Antarctic Territory
2599:
Treaties extended to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands
2409:
Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
2329:Treaties of the Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)
699:(67): International Review of the Red Cross. 1966
2644:Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands
1440:
1179:Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949: Commentary
153:), held on 22 August 1864, is the first of four
2639:Treaties extended to the Colony of Sierra Leone
2544:Treaties extended to the West Indies Federation
2104:Treaties of the People's Republic of Mozambique
1624:Treaties of the Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)
832:Baxter, Richard (1977), "Human Rights in War",
463:signed in 1866 following the conclusion of the
2614:Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Malta
2549:Treaties extended to the Colony of the Bahamas
2074:Treaties of the Federated States of Micronesia
2509:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles
2214:Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania
1604:Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria
1344:
1171:
1169:
2604:Treaties extended to the Sheikhdom of Kuwait
2234:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
517:Parties to Geneva Conventions and Protocols
2654:Treaties extended to Tanganyika (territory)
2554:Treaties extended to Bahrain (protectorate)
2534:Treaties extended to Surinam (Dutch colony)
2349:Treaties of the Syrian Republic (1930–1963)
2089:Treaties of the Mongolian People's Republic
1879:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
1499:Treaties of the People's Republic of Angola
1069:
1659:Treaties of the People's Republic of China
1351:
1337:
1287:George B. Davis, "The Geneva Convention",
1182:. International Committee of the Red Cross
1166:
716:
714:
474:The original document is preserved in the
27:
2629:Treaties extended to Qatar (protectorate)
2569:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands
1594:Treaties of the Second Brazilian Republic
1308:", Lincoln General Orders, 24 April 1863.
1296:The American Journal of International Law
1289:The American Journal of International Law
1272:The American Journal of International Law
1044:
920:The American Journal of International Law
792:The American Journal of International Law
751:The American Journal of International Law
661:List of parties to the Geneva Conventions
2199:Treaties of the Polish People's Republic
1644:Treaties of the Central African Republic
1094:
997:
917:
744:
742:
651:International Committee of the Red Cross
620:updated and replaced by the 1929 version
544: Parties to GC I–IV and P I and III
512:
266:International Committee of the Red Cross
255:
175:
166:International Committee of the Red Cross
2664:Treaties extended to the Trucial States
2574:Treaties extended to the Colony of Fiji
1277:Richard Baxter, "Human Rights in War",
1121:
1119:
1075:
1050:
785:
783:
781:
779:
720:
711:
2619:Treaties extended to British Mauritius
2594:Treaties extended to British Hong Kong
2529:Treaties extended to French Somaliland
2519:Treaties extended to the Belgian Congo
2494:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
2204:Treaties of the Estado Novo (Portugal)
1799:Treaties of the French Fourth Republic
1479:Treaties of the Kingdom of Afghanistan
1441:
1358:
1175:
1024:
1022:
953:
883:
866:
831:
748:
683:
681:
2539:Treaties extended to Portuguese Macau
2484:Treaties of the Sultanate of Zanzibar
2304:Treaties of the Union of South Africa
1679:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo
1332:
789:
739:
693:International Review of the Red Cross
2414:Treaties of the United Arab Emirates
2159:Treaties of the Dominion of Pakistan
2034:Treaties of the Federation of Malaya
1116:
776:
666:Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868
526: Parties to GC I–IV and P I–III
411:Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
2589:Treaties extended to British Guiana
2459:Treaties of the Yemen Arab Republic
1569:Treaties of the Republic of Dahomey
1474:Treaties entered into force in 1950
1246:"States party to the main treaties"
1080:. Sutton Publishing. p. xiii.
1019:
678:
534: Parties to GC I–IV and P I–II
509:Summary of provisions and revisions
445:United Kingdom of Norway and Sweden
13:
2524:Treaties extended to Ruanda-Urundi
2324:Treaties of the Dominion of Ceylon
2169:Treaties of the State of Palestine
1739:Treaties of the Dominican Republic
1584:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1319:Facsimile of the original document
1264:
1144:
612:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
562: Parties to GC I–IV and P III
14:
2690:
2264:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
2249:Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe
2224:Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis
1889:Treaties of the Dominion of India
1834:Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece
1312:
1248:. The American National Red Cross
1055:. Sutton Publishing. p. 75.
570: Parties to GC I–IV and no P
451:signed a year later in 1865. The
2669:Treaties extended to West Berlin
2054:Treaties of the Marshall Islands
1999:Treaties of the Kingdom of Libya
1784:Treaties of the Ethiopian Empire
1754:Treaties of the Kingdom of Egypt
873:(1 ed.), Geneve: Jules Fick
725:. Sutton Publishing. p. x.
552: Parties to GC I–IV and P I
429:
416:
403:
390:
377:
364:
351:
338:
325:
312:
299:
286:
117:
2609:Treaties extended to Basutoland
2379:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago
2299:Treaties of the Somali Republic
2294:Treaties of the Solomon Islands
1974:Treaties of the Kingdom of Laos
1904:Treaties of the Kingdom of Iraq
1504:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda
1238:
1216:
1194:
975:
614:which extended the articles to
245:, Dunant published his account
232:in 1859, fought between French-
2584:Treaties extended to Gibraltar
2489:Treaties extended to Greenland
2419:Treaties of the United Kingdom
1714:Treaties of the Czech Republic
911:
877:
859:
825:
656:International humanitarian law
485:
123:First Geneva Convention (1864)
1:
2424:Treaties of the United States
1814:Treaties of Georgia (country)
1764:Treaties of Equatorial Guinea
671:
2679:Treaties concluded in Geneva
2559:Treaties extended to Bermuda
2314:Treaties of the Soviet Union
2179:Treaties of Papua New Guinea
1684:Treaties of the Cook Islands
7:
2194:Treaties of the Philippines
2124:Treaties of the Netherlands
2019:Treaties of North Macedonia
639:
326:
224:began when relief activist
10:
2695:
2504:Treaties extended to Aruba
1719:Treaties of Czechoslovakia
1469:Treaties concluded in 1949
1007:. Euronews. 12 August 2019
961:"Town Hall - Alabama Room"
398:Kingdom of the Netherlands
171:
2499:Treaties extended to Niue
2479:Treaties of South Vietnam
2449:Treaties of North Vietnam
2004:Treaties of Liechtenstein
1854:Treaties of Guinea-Bissau
1423:
1397:
1366:
116:
111:
101:
91:
76:
65:
50:
42:
26:
21:
2394:Treaties of Turkmenistan
2274:Treaties of Sierra Leone
2254:Treaties of Saudi Arabia
2039:Treaties of the Maldives
1899:Treaties of Pahlavi Iran
1869:Treaties of the Holy See
1824:Treaties of East Germany
1819:Treaties of West Germany
1609:Treaties of Burkina Faso
1389:Fourth Geneva Convention
1379:Second Geneva Convention
1076:Bennett, Angela (2005).
1051:Bennett, Angela (2005).
870:Un Souvenir de Solferino
721:Bennett, Angela (2005).
469:United States of America
447:signed in December. The
247:Un Souvenir de Solferino
213:Yet, with the 1853–1856
208:Italian campaign of 1859
202:in 1815 and the rise of
54:22 August 1864
2454:Treaties of South Yemen
2344:Treaties of Switzerland
2309:Treaties of South Sudan
2229:Treaties of Saint Lucia
2129:Treaties of New Zealand
1959:Treaties of South Korea
1954:Treaties of North Korea
1759:Treaties of El Salvador
1694:Treaties of Ivory Coast
1669:Treaties of the Comoros
1534:Treaties of the Bahamas
1384:Third Geneva Convention
1374:First Geneva Convention
1131:Encyclopædia Britannica
1030:"Rules and conventions"
618:. The 1906 version was
603:International Red Cross
139:First Geneva Convention
17:First Geneva Cоnvention
2464:Treaties of Yugoslavia
2434:Treaties of Uzbekistan
2359:Treaties of Tanganyika
2354:Treaties of Tajikistan
2269:Treaties of Seychelles
2244:Treaties of San Marino
2094:Treaties of Montenegro
2059:Treaties of Mauritania
2024:Treaties of Madagascar
2014:Treaties of Luxembourg
1969:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan
1939:Treaties of Kazakhstan
1809:Treaties of the Gambia
1744:Treaties of East Timor
1689:Treaties of Costa Rica
1639:Treaties of Cape Verde
1544:Treaties of Bangladesh
1529:Treaties of Azerbaijan
1459:19th century in Geneva
867:Dunant, Henri (1862),
576:
476:Swiss Federal Archives
437:Kingdom of Württemberg
274:Guillaume Henri Dufour
261:
215:conflict in the Crimea
187:
150:
106:Swiss Federal Archives
80:22 June 1865
2444:Treaties of Venezuela
2279:Treaties of Singapore
2134:Treaties of Nicaragua
2064:Treaties of Mauritius
2009:Treaties of Lithuania
1894:Treaties of Indonesia
1844:Treaties of Guatemala
1519:Treaties of Australia
1509:Treaties of Argentina
1226:. Geneva, Switzerland
1176:Pictet, Jean (1958).
601:Article 9 allows the
516:
259:
179:
2474:Treaties of Zimbabwe
2364:Treaties of Thailand
2334:Treaties of Suriname
2289:Treaties of Slovenia
2284:Treaties of Slovakia
2184:Treaties of Paraguay
1949:Treaties of Kiribati
1874:Treaties of Honduras
1779:Treaties of Eswatini
1734:Treaties of Dominica
1729:Treaties of Djibouti
1664:Treaties of Colombia
1629:Treaties of Cameroon
1589:Treaties of Botswana
1549:Treaties of Barbados
1127:"Geneva Conventions"
453:Grand Duchy of Hesse
372:Grand Duchy of Hesse
307:Grand Duchy of Baden
183:, co-founder of the
2439:Treaties of Vanuatu
2429:Treaties of Uruguay
2384:Treaties of Tunisia
2259:Treaties of Senegal
2144:Treaties of Nigeria
2109:Treaties of Namibia
2099:Treaties of Morocco
2079:Treaties of Moldova
1994:Treaties of Liberia
1989:Treaties of Lesotho
1984:Treaties of Lebanon
1924:Treaties of Jamaica
1909:Treaties of Ireland
1884:Treaties of Iceland
1839:Treaties of Grenada
1794:Treaties of Finland
1774:Treaties of Estonia
1769:Treaties of Eritrea
1749:Treaties of Ecuador
1724:Treaties of Denmark
1699:Treaties of Croatia
1619:Treaties of Burundi
1614:Treaties of Myanmar
1579:Treaties of Bolivia
1559:Treaties of Belgium
1539:Treaties of Bahrain
1524:Treaties of Austria
1514:Treaties of Armenia
1494:Treaties of Andorra
1489:Treaties of Algeria
1464:1864 in Switzerland
1104:. ICRC. 7 June 2002
465:Austro-Prussian War
294:Swiss Confederation
230:Battle of Solferino
46:Multilateral treaty
18:
2674:Medical neutrality
2469:Treaties of Zambia
2404:Treaties of Uganda
2399:Treaties of Tuvalu
2389:Treaties of Turkey
2339:Treaties of Sweden
2219:Treaties of Rwanda
2174:Treaties of Panama
2149:Treaties of Norway
2084:Treaties of Monaco
2069:Treaties of Mexico
2029:Treaties of Malawi
1979:Treaties of Latvia
1964:Treaties of Kuwait
1934:Treaties of Jordan
1914:Treaties of Israel
1859:Treaties of Guyana
1849:Treaties of Guinea
1709:Treaties of Cyprus
1634:Treaties of Canada
1599:Treaties of Brunei
1574:Treaties of Bhutan
1564:Treaties of Belize
1449:Geneva Conventions
1360:Geneva Conventions
646:Geneva Conventions
634:Geneva Conventions
577:
457:Kingdom of Bavaria
424:Kingdom of Prussia
333:Kingdom of Denmark
320:Kingdom of Belgium
262:
200:Battle of Waterloo
192:American Civil War
188:
159:Geneva Conventions
16:
2374:Treaties of Tonga
2319:Treaties of Spain
2239:Treaties of Samoa
2209:Treaties of Qatar
2164:Treaties of Palau
2139:Treaties of Niger
2119:Treaties of Nepal
2114:Treaties of Nauru
2049:Treaties of Malta
1944:Treaties of Kenya
1929:Treaties of Japan
1919:Treaties of Italy
1864:Treaties of Haiti
1829:Treaties of Ghana
1804:Treaties of Gabon
1654:Treaties of Chile
1436:
1435:
575:
574:
278:Geneva Convention
141:, officially the
132:
131:
2686:
2369:Treaties of Togo
2189:Treaties of Peru
2154:Treaties of Oman
2044:Treaties of Mali
1789:Treaties of Fiji
1704:Treaties of Cuba
1649:Treaties of Chad
1353:
1346:
1339:
1330:
1329:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1123:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1026:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1001:
995:
994:
992:
990:
979:
973:
972:
970:
968:
963:. Geneva Tourism
957:
951:
950:
915:
909:
908:
881:
875:
874:
863:
857:
856:
829:
823:
822:
787:
774:
773:
746:
737:
736:
718:
709:
708:
706:
704:
685:
616:maritime warfare
569:
561:
551:
543:
533:
525:
519:
518:
471:signed in 1882.
435:
433:
432:
422:
420:
419:
409:
407:
406:
396:
394:
393:
385:Kingdom of Italy
383:
381:
380:
370:
368:
367:
357:
355:
354:
346:Kingdom of Spain
344:
342:
341:
331:
329:
328:
318:
316:
315:
305:
303:
302:
292:
290:
289:
222:prisoners of war
121:
120:
87:
85:
61:
59:
31:
19:
15:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2683:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1428:List of parties
1419:
1393:
1362:
1357:
1315:
1267:
1265:Further reading
1262:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1174:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1002:
998:
988:
986:
981:
980:
976:
966:
964:
959:
958:
954:
932:10.2307/2187844
916:
912:
898:10.2307/3038537
882:
878:
864:
860:
846:10.2307/3822833
830:
826:
804:10.2307/2186169
788:
777:
763:10.2307/2194544
747:
740:
733:
719:
712:
702:
700:
687:
686:
679:
674:
642:
590:protective sign
571:
567:
563:
559:
553:
549:
545:
541:
535:
531:
527:
523:
511:
488:
441:
430:
428:
417:
415:
404:
402:
391:
389:
378:
376:
365:
363:
352:
350:
339:
337:
324:
313:
311:
300:
298:
287:
285:
251:Gustave Moynier
174:
135:
118:
83:
81:
57:
55:
38:
37:in August 1864.
12:
11:
5:
2692:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1314:
1313:External links
1311:
1310:
1309:
1302:Francis Lieber
1299:
1292:
1285:
1282:
1275:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1237:
1215:
1193:
1165:
1143:
1115:
1093:
1087:978-0750941471
1086:
1068:
1062:978-0750941471
1061:
1043:
1018:
996:
974:
952:
926:(1): 210–214,
910:
876:
858:
824:
798:(2): 409–417,
775:
757:(3): 462–475,
738:
732:978-0750941471
731:
710:
676:
675:
673:
670:
669:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
641:
638:
627:Jean S. Pictet
607:
606:
599:
596:
593:
592:(Chapter VII).
581:hors de combat
573:
572:
566:
564:
558:
555:
554:
548:
546:
540:
537:
536:
530:
528:
522:
510:
507:
506:
505:
502:
499:
496:
487:
484:
449:United Kingdom
440:
439:
426:
413:
400:
387:
374:
361:
348:
335:
322:
309:
296:
282:
228:witnessed the
173:
170:
133:
130:
129:
114:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
78:
74:
73:
67:
63:
62:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
32:
24:
23:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2691:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1454:1864 treaties
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1247:
1241:
1225:
1219:
1203:
1197:
1181:
1180:
1172:
1170:
1153:
1147:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1103:
1097:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1064:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1006:
1000:
984:
978:
962:
956:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
914:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
880:
872:
871:
862:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
828:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
786:
784:
782:
780:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
745:
743:
734:
728:
724:
717:
715:
698:
694:
690:
684:
682:
677:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
637:
635:
630:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
604:
600:
597:
594:
591:
586:
585:
584:
582:
565:
557:
556:
547:
539:
538:
529:
521:
520:
515:
503:
500:
497:
494:
493:
492:
483:
481:
477:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
438:
427:
425:
414:
412:
401:
399:
388:
386:
375:
373:
362:
360:
359:French Empire
349:
347:
336:
334:
323:
321:
310:
308:
297:
295:
284:
283:
281:
279:
275:
269:
267:
258:
254:
252:
248:
244:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
186:
182:
178:
169:
167:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
128:
124:
115:
110:
107:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
79:
75:
72:, Switzerland
71:
68:
64:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
25:
20:
1415:Protocol III
1373:
1295:
1288:
1278:
1271:
1250:. Retrieved
1240:
1228:. Retrieved
1218:
1206:. Retrieved
1196:
1184:. Retrieved
1178:
1156:. Retrieved
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1130:
1106:. Retrieved
1096:
1077:
1071:
1052:
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1009:. Retrieved
999:
987:. Retrieved
977:
965:. Retrieved
955:
923:
919:
913:
889:
885:
879:
869:
861:
837:
833:
827:
795:
791:
754:
750:
722:
701:. Retrieved
696:
692:
631:
625:However, as
624:
608:
578:
489:
473:
442:
291:
270:
263:
246:
226:Henry Dunant
219:
212:
189:
181:Henry Dunant
163:
142:
138:
136:
1410:Protocol II
1367:Conventions
1186:20 November
1036:22 November
967:22 November
703:25 November
486:Application
234:Piedmontese
1443:Categories
1405:Protocol I
1252:5 December
672:References
204:his nephew
127:Wikisource
102:Depositary
84:1865-06-22
58:1864-08-22
1398:Protocols
1136:20 August
1108:1 January
1011:1 January
948:146924480
892:: 33–57,
820:146904419
185:Red Cross
112:Full text
77:Effective
840:(2): 5,
640:See also
238:Austrian
196:Napoleon
155:treaties
66:Location
1230:11 June
1208:11 June
1158:11 June
989:11 June
940:2187844
906:3038537
854:3822833
812:2186169
771:2194544
461:Austria
206:in the
198:at the
172:History
157:of the
92:Parties
82: (
56: (
1298:, 1951
1291:, 1907
1281:, 1977
1274:, 1920
1084:
1059:
946:
938:
904:
852:
818:
810:
769:
729:
568:
560:
550:
542:
532:
524:
467:. The
455:, the
434:
421:
408:
395:
382:
369:
356:
343:
330:
317:
304:
243:Geneva
147:French
70:Geneva
51:Signed
35:Geneva
1032:. BBC
944:S2CID
936:JSTOR
902:JSTOR
850:JSTOR
816:S2CID
808:JSTOR
767:JSTOR
491:for:
1254:2009
1232:2017
1210:2017
1188:2009
1160:2017
1138:2020
1110:2022
1082:ISBN
1057:ISBN
1038:2021
1013:2022
991:2017
969:2021
865:See
727:ISBN
705:2021
480:Bern
459:and
443:The
264:The
236:and
137:The
96:List
43:Type
1304:, "
928:doi
894:doi
842:doi
800:doi
759:doi
478:in
125:at
1445::
1168:^
1129:.
1118:^
1021:^
942:,
934:,
924:14
922:,
900:,
888:,
848:,
838:31
836:,
814:,
806:,
794:,
778:^
765:,
755:45
753:,
741:^
713:^
695:.
691:.
680:^
149::
1352:e
1345:t
1338:v
1256:.
1234:.
1212:.
1190:.
1162:.
1140:.
1112:.
1090:.
1065:.
1040:.
1015:.
993:.
971:.
930::
896::
890:3
844::
802::
796:1
761::
735:.
707:.
697:6
145:(
86:)
60:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
